Provisions of the Treaties created at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919

PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE 1919

TREATY PROVISIONS

THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES

Revenge is the theme of the treaty

Revenge for
deaths of Allied soldiers/sailors
damage done in the war
starting the war

HOW THE TREATY RESTRICTED GERMANY

IMPOSED ON GERMANY

▸ Guilt for the war (clause 321)
▸ Reparations — $33 billion @ $500 million per year

until 1988

▸ Restrictions on Armed Forces
▸ German army capped a 100,000 men
▸ No conscription & no reserves
▸ No tanks & no long-range artillery
▸ Only a few old battleships
▸ No submarines

MORE RESTRICTIONS ON GERMANY

POLITICAL RESTRICTIONS

▸ No colonies
▸ No unions with other countries (like Austria)
▸ Rhineland German BUT demilitarized
▸ Poland given corridor to the sea
▸ Danzig independent city under League of Nations
▸ Saar occupied by France which is given right to mine

coal for 15 years.

ALLIED COUNTRIES WALK AWAY FROM THE CONFERENCE ANGRY

‣ China because Korea goes to the Japanese and

concessions continue

‣ Italy because it didn’t get colonies and the Dalmatian

Coast, especially Fiume

‣ Japan because Wilson prevented a racial equality clause

from going into the treaties

‣ France because it thought the British and Americans

were too SOFT on Germany

‣ Britain remains worried about getting trade up and

going again

‣ United States rejects Wilson’s League of Nations and

turns isolationist.

THE TREATY OF SAINT-GERMAINE — PEACE TREATY WITH AUSTRIA

‣ Dual Monarchy dissolved — Austria and Hungary become

separate countries again

‣ Reparations — Austria bankrupt before sum is set

‣ Reduced territory — Hapsburg Empire lost

‣ International railroad and navigation rights through

Austria

‣ Can’t join League of Nations

‣ Army size set at 30,000 volunteers

‣ Austrian loses make it a small, weak country & economy

is crushed

LOST HAPSBURG LANDS CREATE TWO NEW MULTI-NATIONAL COUNTRIES
‣ Kingdom of Yugoslavia

‣ Serbs — control the kingdom
‣ Montenegrins
‣ Croats
‣ Slovenes
‣ Bozniaks
‣ Republic of Czechoslovakia
‣ Czechs (majority ethnic group)
‣ Slovaks
‣ Germans

TREATY OF TRIANON. — PEACE TREATY WITH HUNGARY
‣ Hungary loses 66% of its territory — leaves the Hungarians

very angry

‣ First treaty borders changed by Romanian invasion. New

borders give more land to Romania.

‣ Communist government established then chases from office

when Romanians invade

‣ Army capped at 35,000 & no conscription

‣ Allies never get about to setting amount of reparations for

Hungary

‣ Hungary must a give all minorities rights — angers the

Magyar Hungarians

TREATY OF NEUILLY —- PEACE TREATY WITH BULGARIA

‣ Borders have contested regions with Romania
‣ Pay reparations of $400 million
‣ Army capped at 20,000
‣ Great resentment toward victorious nations

TREATY OF SEVRES — PEACE TREATY WITH OTTOMAN EMPIRE

‣ Anatolia & Europe Ottoman lands become nation of

Turkey

‣ Empire lost

‣ Kingdom of Saudi Arabia created

‣ Nation of Armenia created

‣ Italy & Greece get some lands

‣ Mandates

‣ Britain gets Iraq & Palestine
‣ France gets Syria & the Lebanon

TREATY OF SEVERS (CONT)

‣ Straights to be open in peace and war

‣ Allied control Turkish finances

‣ Army capped at 50,000, small navy and air force

‣ Everyone has free passage through Turkey

‣ Goods traveling through Turkey can’t be taxed by Turkey

‣ Turkey required to hand over those responsible for

Armenian Genocide to Allies — Leaders are condemned
but never handed over and executed.

‣ Army coup results in rejection of this treaty and refusal

to abide by many of its requirements

BALFOUR DECLARATION. — BRITAIN PROMISES THE ZIONIST ORGANIZATION A HOMELAND

‣ Letter drafted by Jewish banker Lord Rothchild
‣ Signed by foreign minister Sir Arthur Balfour
‣ Sent to Lord Rothchild
‣ Sent from Lord Rothchild to Zionist organizations in

Britain and Ireland

‣ Makes promise to find/establish a homeland for the Jews

in Palestine

‣ Britain acquires colonial mandate over Palestine when

Ottoman Empire is dissolved.

‣ Beginnings of the Arab/Jewish conflicts in Middle East

YOURS TO USE AS YOU CHOOSE

Robert Brady, Ph.D.