Class 5 Science

UNIT 3 - LIFECYCLE OF BUTTERFLY

4 Stages

1. EGG – Female lay eggs
underside of leaf. Eggs are
attached to the leaves with
sticky substance of egg.

2. LARVA (Caterpillar) – It is very
active. Swims freely in water.
Larva eats lot of leaves of plant.

3. PUPA – Inactive stage inside
pupa case and do not eat
anything but develops inside.

4. ADULT – Formed from pupa.
2 pair of wings, 3 pair of legs
and 1 pair of antennae.

• Butterfly is useful insect. It helps in pollination.
• The garden looks pleasant when colorful butterflies

are flying.
• In Pokhara there is butterfly museum.
• Do not play and catch butterflies. The dust in their

wings if dropped in the eyes may damage.

LIFECYCLE OF MOSQUITO

4 Stages

1. EGG – Female lay eggs on the
surface of water eg pond, ditch,
puddle etc.

2. LARVA – Developed from egg
(wriggler) It swims freely in
water. It eats algae and small
organisms.

3. PUPA – Larva sheds skin and
develop into pupa. It lives in
water. Doesn’t eat anything but
breathes air. Inactive stage.

4. ADULT – Formed from pupa.
It flies away from water.

• Only female mosquito actually bites human/animals. The mosquito
that bites sick person carries germ and when it bites healthy person,
the disease like malaria, filaria, yellow fever etc are transmitted.

Control of Mosquito:

 By burying puddles and water holes around house
 By spraying insecticides around the house

Prevent mosquito bite

 Do not stay outside in the evening
 Use mosquito net while sleeping
 Burn coils to repel (keep away) mosquito.

EXERCISE PAGE # 32 / 33

A. Answers only 2. Rat 3. A mosquito larva
5. Helps in pollination
1. 4
4. AIDS

B. Answers only

a. Egg b. Monsoon c. Pupa
d. Insecticide e. Caterpillar f. Pollination

C. Answers only

a. T b. T c. T d. F e. T
f. F g. F h. T i. T j. F

D. Answers only Adult Egg

Pupa Larva

EXERCISE PAGE # 32 / 33

E. Answers only A -B, B - A, C - C, D - D

F. a. The different stages in the life cycle of mosquito and butterfly are both egg, larva, pupa
and adult. Larva of Butterfly is also called caterpillar and larva of mosquito is also called
Wriggler.

b. No, butterflies are useful insect. They visit flower to flower and transfer pollen grain and
help in pollination. Garden looks pleasant due to colorful butterflies when they fly. But we
should not play and catch butterfly because the dust found in their wings are harmful forour
eyes.

c. The pupa of a butterfly lies in the leaf of the plant and attach to a dry surface like wall and
bark (रुख को बोक्रा) of tree.

d. We should not play with butterfly and moths because the dust found in their wings may
be harmful for our eyes.

e. Many people like butterfly because they are beautiful and
colorful. Garden looks pleasant when they fly.

f. Mosquito appear in rainy season, place where there is still water (जम्मा भएको पानी)

g. Mosquito lay their eggs in ponds, still water, puddles and holes.

h. Mosquito harm people by biting and sucking blood. It spread communicable
diseases.

i. Diseases like Zika virus, West Nile virus, Chikungunya virus, dengue, and malaria
are caused by mosquito.

j. We can protect from mosquito bite by using sleeping net, using balm, cleaning egg
laying places and spraying insecticide.

k. Insecticides are chemicals used to control insects by killing them or preventing
them from engaging in destructive (harmful) behaviors (manner).

G. Answers only Caterpillar, Larva, Chrysalis, Pupa

UNIT 4 – PLANT LIFE

• Plants range from microscopic to very tall trees.
• Plants prepare their own food and are friends of

animals.
• Plants absorb CO2 and give O2
• Giant redwood / founder’s tree is the tallest tree

that grows over 110m high.
• There are main 2 groups of plants flowering and

non-flowering

DIFFERENT KINDS OF PLANTS

Parts of a plant

Most flowering plants have
roots, stem, leaves,
flowers and fruits. They
carryout different
functions to maintain lives

Understandings.

branch

Green part - Leaf
Leaves part - Branch
Colorful part - Flower
Branched part - Stem

Roots

-Roots are located at the base of main stem
-Mostly grows into soil
-Root tip is protected by ROOT CAP
-Numerous hair behind root cap
-Root hair – Tiny root covering surface
-Function is to absorb water and mineral salt from soil

The roots of orchids absorb moisture from air not from soil

Grass Root Mustard Root

TYPES OF ROOT – TAP & FIBROUS

TAP - Secondary root arise from Primary root. Secondary root further branch into smaller roots
eg. Peas, beans, mustard

FIBROUS – All the roots grow from single point and form a bunch eg. Paddy, maize, wheat etc

Eg of Tap Eg of
root carrot, Fibrous root
wheat, rice,
mustard,
radish, corn,
turnip, beet rosemary,
root, coconut
parsley,
coriander

FUNCTIONS OF ROOT

Roots spread into soil and hold firmly and stops plant from being blown away by wind
Roots absorb water and mineral salts
Some roots store water and nutrients eg radish, carrot that can be eaten as vegetable

and salad

STEM
-Main long part above the ground. Strong stems of Peepal, Mango are called trunk.
-Smaller parts growing from main stem are called branch

FUNCTIONS
Helps to keep plants straight and upright
Leaves and flowers grow out of stem
Some plant’s stem store food that can be eaten as food. Eg. Potato, yam, (TARUL) sweet
potato, sugarcane

Cinnamon (दालचिनी) bark is
eaten as spices. It has good taste

Bamboo Coconut sugarcane

Leaves

A flat green part of a plant that grow from stem or branch. It has 3
parts

Leaf blade – largest/flat
Petiole – Thin/sound looking like handle
Leaf base – it joins the leaf with stem
Mid rib – Main vein beginning from petiole

Functions of Leaves

 Leaves take CO2 from air, water from soil and with the help of Sunlight, plants
prepare their food. Chlorophyll helps leaves to prepare food

 Plant breathe through leaf. The organ is called STOMATA.
 Unwanted water is thrown out from leaves and excess water from stomata

Flowers

 Flowers grow on stem, colorful and make plant look beautiful.
 Flowers are different shapes, sizes and colors.
 Most flowers have 4 parts to make a complete flower.
Sepal – Outermost ring of flower. It help protect
flower at budding stage and are green color

Petal – Colored part that lie inside sepal.
Scented that attract insect which help in
pollination

Stamens – Male parts lie inside petal. They have
bag at the tip called anther. Supported to the
base by stalk. Anther has dust or grains called
pollen grains.

Carpel – Female organ. It has 3 parts and
swollen base called ovary. It has stalk called
style. End flat part is stigma which has
hairy/sticky so that it traps pollen grains

FRUITS

 Fruits are produced from flowers.
The ovary of the female part of flower
develop into fruit.
Fruit has seed inside them. The fruit
helps to keep the seed inside

SEEDS

Seeds borne inside fruit. Seeds
grow into new plant.
Seeds contain food

MONOCOTYLEDONS / DICOTYLEDONS

Monocotyledon - Seeds containing Dicotyledon - Seeds containing two
only one cotyledon that we cannot cotyledon that we can split the seed
split the seed in 2 part in 2 parts

Plant like paddy, maize, wheat, barley, Plant like beans, peas, mango,
sugarcane, garlic etc cucumber etc

Have fibrous root and the veins are Plant like beans, peas, mango,
parallel cucumber etc