Chapter 9 DNA - Exam Review

Chapter 9 Test

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. What is inside a bacteriophage?

a protein
.

b nucleic acid
.

c lipid
.

d carbohydrate
.

2. What do bacteriophages infect?

a. mice.

b humans.
.

c. viruses.

d bacteria.
.

3. Why did Hershey and Chase label the viral DNA with radioactive phosphorous and

not radioactive sulfur?

a DNA contains phosphorus and no sulfur.
.

b Proteins contain phosphorus and no sulfur.
.

c DNA contains sulfur and little phosphorous.
.

d Proteins acids contain sulfur and little phosphorous.
.

4. What stores information in a cell?

a proteins
.

b carbohydrates
.

c lipids
.

d DNA
.

5. Which bacteria killed the mice in Griffith’s transformation experiment?

a live, harmless bacteria and heat-killed, harmful bacteria
.

b live, harmless bacteria and heat-killed, harmless bacteria
.

c live harmful bacteria and heat-killed, harmless bacteria
.

d live harmless bacteria, and live, harmful bacteria
.

6. Griffith called the process he observed transformation because

a the mouse had been transformed.
.

b the harmful bacteria had been transformed.
.

c the harmless bacteria had been transformed.
.

d the experiment had been transformed.
.

7. What happened when Griffith injected mice with the harmless, R-strain bacteria alone?

a The bacteria transformed.
.

b The mouse lived.
.

c The mouse died.
.

d The bacteria died.
.

8. In which cells is the accurate transmission of information most important?

a. nerve cells

b skin cells
.

c. sex cells

d bone cells
.

Figure 12-2

9. Figure 12–2 shows the structure of
a. a DNA molecule.
b. an amino acid.
c. a RNA molecule.
d. a protein.

10. Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA?
a. adenine + phosphate group + thymine
b. cytosine + phosphate group + guanine
c. deoxyribose + phosphate group + polymerase
d. deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine

11. Which of the following forms a base pair with thymine?
a. deoxyribose
b. adenine
c. guanine
d. cytosine

12. Watson and Crick discovered the two strands in DNA
a. run in perpendicular directions.
b. run in the same direction.
c. run in opposite directions.
d. run in random directions.

13. DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
a. each with two new strands.
b. one with two new strands and the other with two original strands.
c. each with one new strand and one original strand.
d. each with two original strands.

14. During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a
strand with the bases
a. TCGAAC.
b. GATCCA.
c. AGCTTG.

GAUCCA.
d.

15. The nitrogem base that will pair with adenine in a DNA molecule is __________?
a. adenine
b. thymine
c. cytosine
d. guanine

16. In eukaryotes, DNA
a. is located in the nucleus.
b. floats freely in the cytoplasm.
c. is located in the ribosomes.
d. is circular.

Nitrogenous AGT C
Bases (%) 19.9 29.4 21.5

Human 28.8
Chicken 2
Bacterium
(S. lutea) 13.4
Figure 12–3

17. The table in Figure 12–3 shows the results of measuring the percentages of the four
bases in the DNA of several different organisms. Some of the values are missing from the
table. Based on Chargaff’s rule, the percentages of guanine bases in chicken DNA should
be around

a. 28.8%

b. 19.9%
c. 21.5%

d. 13.4%

18. What structural problem prevents adenine from pairing with guanine?

a The bases are both short.
.

b They lack phosphate groups.
.

c They lack the deoxyribose group.
.

d The bases are both long.
.

19. Rosalind Franklin contributed to the understanding of DNA by
a. producing images of DNA molecules using X-rays.
b. figuring out that DNA strands form a double helix.
c. conducting experiments that showed which nucleotides are complementary.
d. finding that DNA was nucleic acid made up of a long chain of individual nucleotides.

20. Which scientist(s) figured out that the shape of a DNA molecule is a double helix?
a. Hershey and Chase
b. Griffith
c. Watson and Crick
d. Franklin

21. The entire molecule shown in the diagram is called a(n)

a. amino acid. c. polysaccharide.

b. nucleotide. d. pyrimidine.

22. Which of the following is not true about DNA replication?

a. It must occur before a cell can divide.
b. Two complementary strands are duplicated.

c. The double strand unwinds and unzips while it is being duplicated.
d. The process is catalyzed by enzymes called DNA mutagens.

23. The enzymes responsible for adding nucleotides to the exposed DNA template bases are

a. replicases. c. helicases.

b. DNA polymerases. d. None of the above

24. The enzymes that unwind DNA are called c. forks.
a. double helixes. d. phages.

b. DNA helicases.

True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true (a) or false (b).

25. It has been discovered that proteins are the genetic material, rather than DNA,
because proteins are more complex than DNA.

26. Bacteriophage are a type of bacteria that infects viruses.

27. The five-carbon sugar in DNA nucleotides is called deoxyribose.

28. A nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base.

29. The strands of a DNA molecule are held together by hydrogen bonding between
adenine with guanine molecules and cytosine with thymine molecules.

30. Typically, before proofreading replication only one error occurs for every 10,000
nucleotides.

31. Errors in nucleotide sequencing that occur during replication cannot be corrected.

32. When Griffith mixed heat-killed, harmful bacteria with live, harmless bacteria and
injected the mixture into mice, the mice died.

33. Bacteriophages inject protein into bacteria, altering the bacteria’s genetic
information.

34. Watson and Crick used the image of DNA taken by Franklin in their work to figure
out the structure of DNA.

35. If protein had been responsible for carrying genetic information, Hershey and Chase
would have observed that their bacteria were marked with radioactive sulfur.

36. Watson and Crick discovered that covalent bonds hold base pairs together at the
center of a strand of DNA.