StockSymbolBook

THE ONE LETTER
STOCK TICKER

ALPHABET

TIMOTHY P. ZAPAWA

For Ben and Mason

This book started as a song in 2014 when my eldest son, Ben, turned four.
Ben loved anything to do with the alphabet, so I thought it would be fun to
combine my interests in investing with his interest in the alphabet. Over time,
a song took shape. Some years later, the song was resurrected when my second
son, Mason, turned four. Mason loved the song and would frequently ask that
we sing it together. Later, I came up with the idea of writing a book that kids and
adults might both enjoy; lyrics for the kids and fun facts (smarties) for the adults.
I hope you enjoy it!

Thanks to my talented sister Amy (Consiglio Creative) for designing this fun book.
And many thanks to Lisa, my wonderful wife, for helping with the rhymes, facts,
and inspiration.

Reader Notes
Along with the rest of the business world, the one-letter stock ticker companies
are constantly innovating and changing. Keep that in mind, as the information
in this book will not stay current. Also, the market capitalization figures (from
June 2018) are intended to provide you with a sense of the company size, but
are subject to significant changes.

� Agilent Technologies 80.00
� HP Price 65.73
60.00
2010 40.00
2203..0701

2015

2005

SMARTIES for Agilent Technologies,
analytical instruments used
at many companies.

• Founded as a spinoff from Hewlett Packard in 1999; its IPO was the
largest in the history of Silicon Valley at the time
• Provides laboratories worldwide with instruments, services,
consumables, applications, and expertise
• Market focus on food, environmental and forensic sciences,
pharmaceutics, laboratory diagnostics, chemical/energy, and life
sciences and diagnostics research
• Pioneered optical mouse sensors; sold 400M from 1999 to 2005

Founded: 1999 • HQ: Santa Clara, CA • Market Cap: $19.8B

SMARTIES for Barnes Group.
No, not the bookstore!

• Founded by Wallace Barnes, who started the company by making clock
springs and hoop skirts
• Produced the springs used on NASA’s Apollo 11 moon landing in 1969
and Curiosity Rover Mars landing in 2012
• Now a global industrial and aerospace manufacturer and service
company bringing highly engineered products and innovative solutions
to the transportation, communication, manufacturing, and technology
industries

Founded: 1857
HQ: Bristol, CT
Market Cap: $3.1B

SMARTIES for Citigroup,
credit cards galore!

• Founded in 1812 as City Bank; Citigroup was formed following the
merger of Citicorp with Travelers Group, Inc. in 1998 (Travelers, a Dow
30 stock, was spun off in 2002)
• World’s largest issuer of credit cards; partnered with Costco in 2016
• Ranked the nation’s fourth largest bank by assets and market cap
• Over 200,000 employees doing business in more than 160 countries
• C used to be for Chrysler until it was absorbed by Daimler (DCX)

Founded: 1812
HQ: New York City, NY

Market Cap: $171B

SMARTIES for Dominion, who can
resist their juicy dividend?

• Formed in 1983 as Dominion Energy, Inc., a New York Stock Exchange
holding company
• Operating segments include electric transmission, natural gas
distribution, and power generation
• Over 27,000 megawatts of power generation, 1.2 trillion cubic feet of
natural gas and oil reserves, and the nation’s largest gas storage facility
(975 billion cubic feet capacity)
• Serves over 5M U.S. retail customers in the Midwest, mid-Atlantic, and
Northeast regions

Founded: 1983 • HQ: Richmond, VA • Market Cap: $44.5B

SMARTIES for Eni, no longer E-N-I.

• Global energy company, engaged in oil and natural gas exploration,
field development, and production in more than 70 countries
• Until 1995, Eni was ENI, an acronym for Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi
• The six-legged dog logo (1953-1998) was the sum of a car’s four wheels
and the two legs of its driver, representing courage, innovation, and
substance combining loyalty to the past with trust in the future
• 30% owned by the Italian government

Founded: 1953
HQ: Rome, Italy
Market Cap: $67.7B

SMARTIES for Ford, racy Mustangs and
tough F-150 trucks!

• Founded by Henry Ford in 1903 with $28,000 from a dozen investors,
including John and Horace Dodge
• Mass-produced the Model T in 1908; sold 1M+ over a 20-year period
• Introduced the Mustang in 1946 (now in its sixth generation) and the
F-150 in 1948 (now 13th generation)
• Second largest U.S. automaker, behind General Motors, and fifth
largest worldwide
• The F-Series trucks accounted for more than 1/3 of vehicles sold by
Ford; best-selling truck in America for 41 consecutive years; over
40M sold since 1948

Founded: 1903 • HQ: Dearborn, MI • Market Cap: $44.1B

SMARTIES for Genpact, global
process expertise.

• Originated in 1997 as GE Capital Intl Services (a business unit of General
Electric) with 20 employees
• Became an independent company in 2005 and renamed Genpact
(Generating Global Impact)
• IPO on the NYSE in 2007; listed under the ticker G
• Provides business process management and services in multiple countries
• Approximately 30% owned by Bain Capital as of 2017
• G was once Gillette until it was acquired by Proctor & Gamble in 2005 for $57B

Founded: 2005 • HQ: New York City, NY • Market Cap: $5.5B

SMARTIES for Hyatt with all its
fantastic properties!

• Founded by Jay Pritzker in
1957 when he purchased the
Hyatt House hotel, located next
to the LA International Airport
• IPO under the ticker H in 2009
• As of March 31, 2018, Hyatt’s
portfolio includes over 700
properties located in more
than 50 countries on six
continents, with the vast
majority franchised

Founded: 1957
HQ: Chicago, IL
Market Cap: $8.6B

SMARTIES for Intelsat, over 600 stations
in 149 countries.

• Originally formed in 1964 as an intergovernmental consortium called the
International Telecommunications Satellite Organization (ITSO), Intelsat
became a private company in 2001. IPO in April 2013
• Launched the world’s first commercial communications satellite
(Early Bird) in 1965
• Transmitted Neil Armstrong’s 1969 moon landing live to a record 500M
television viewers
• Satellite communications cover 99% of the world’s populated regions
• I was previously held by First Interstate Bancorp, until it was
acquired by Wells Fargo in 1996 for $11.3B

Founded: 1964 • HQ: Luxembourg District, Luxembourg • Market Cap: $2.3M

SMARTIES isn’t used, but I wish it
was for ell-O!

• J was once Jackpot Enterprises, a gaming equipment maker, which failed to
transform itself into an Internet conglomerate and was eventually delisted
• Jell-O was invented by May and Pearl Wait by combining gelatin with
sugary fruit syrup, and a combination of the words gelatin and jelly
• Gelatin is a protein produced from collagen, which is produced from boiled
bones, connective tissue, and other animal products (mostly pigs and cows)
• Gelatin dates back to the 15th century and was once reserved for royalty
and the wealthy

for Kellogg’s Corn Flakes®
in the morning!

SMARTIES • W.K. Kellogg accidentally flaked wheat berry while trying to make granola,

which gave him the idea to flake corn, creating the recipe for Corn Flakes

• Started in 1906 with 44 employees as the Battle Creek Toasted Corn Flake Co.

• IPO in 1952; traded under the stock ticker K since 1959

• Brands include MorningStar Farms®, Kashi®, Keebler®,

Pringles, Pop-Tarts®, Eggo®, Cheez-It®, Nutri-Grain®,

and Famous Amos®, among several others

• Kellogg’s is the world’s second

largest snack food company

after PepsiCo

Founded: 1906
HQ: Battle Creek, MI
Market Cap: $24.2B

SMARTIES for Loews, a conglomerate of finance,
drilling, pipelines, and fine hotels.

• Loews Corporation originated in 1946, when Laurence Tisch convinced his
parents to invest $125,000 in a resort hotel in Lakewood, NJ
• At various points dating back to the 1960s, Loews owned Lorillard (a tobacco
company), the Bulova Watch Company, and a significant stake in CBS
• Holdings include CNA Financial Corporation, Diamond Offshore Drilling,
Boardwalk Pipeline Partners, Loews Hotels, and Consolidated Container Company

Founded: 1946 • HQ: New York City, NY • Market Cap: $15.4B

SMARTIES for Macy’s®, where to go
for back-to-school clothes!

• Started in 1858 by Rowland Hussey Macy as a dry goods store in
New York City
• The red star logo, meant to signify success, was tattooed on Rowland’s arm
in his earlier days as a sailor
• Known for many retail firsts, including the first female executive in the retail
industry, the one-price system, quoting specific prices in advertising, and
holding an NYC liquor license
• To help celebrate their new American heritage, Macy’s immigrant employees
organized the first Christmas parade in 1924; now the Macy’s Thanksgiving
Day Parade, the world’s largest parade. The first character balloon was Felix
the Cat in 1927
• Approximately 670 stores throughout the United States

Founded: 1858 • HQ: Cincinnati, OH • Market Cap: $11.5B

SMARTIES NetSuite

once NetSuite, is now back
on the street!

• NetSuite was the first cloud computing company, beating out
Salesforce.com by just one month
• Oracle purchased NetSuite in July 2016 for $9.3B, and the stock
ticker N stopped trading in November 2016
• Before NetSuite, Inco, a Canadian nickel mining company, held the
N stock ticker until it was acquired by Vale, a Brazilian multinational
corporation engaged in metals and mining, in 2006 for $19.4B

SMARTIES for Realty Income, a real
estate investment trust.

• The Monthly Dividend Company®, founded in 1969 and listed under the stock
ticker O since 1994
• First tenant was Taco Bell in 1970; now over 5,000 properties across 47 industries
• Pioneer of net leases (aka triple net “NNN” leases), where tenants pay a base
rent and the “three nets”: property taxes, insurance, and maintenance
• Incorporated as Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT); REITs avoid federal taxes
by paying at least 90% of taxable income as dividends, which do not generally
qualify for the 20% capital gains tax rate
• Added to the S&P 500 and S&P 500 High Dividend Aristocrats indexes in 2015

Founded: 1969 • HQ: San Diego, CA • Market Cap: $15.3B

SMARTIES for Pandora, Internet radio!

• Founded by three musicians in 2000 as Savage Beast Technologies, a music
kiosk software business, but expended its initial $2M capital in 2001. Tim
Westergren convinced 50 employees to work for two years without pay
• Renamed as Pandora in 2004 and rebuilt to bring music directly to consumers
via personalized Internet-based radio
• Listed under the ticker P in 2011
• Radio streaming service surpassed 200M users in 2013, accounting for 70%
of all Internet radio listening; surpassed 50B thumbs up from users in 2015

Founded: 2000 • HQ: Oakland, CA • Market Cap: $2.1B

SMARTIES once Quintiles, and then
IQVIA, is now available.

• Founded in 1982 as Quintiles Transnational Corp., world’s largest Contract
Research Organization (CRO) by revenue
• First went public in 1994 with the ticker QTRN, then taken private in 2003
• Second IPO launched in 2013 under the ticker Q
• Merged with IMS Health Holdings in 2016 to become Quintiles IMS Holdings
• Rebranded as IQVIA in 2017 under the ticker IQV
• The letter Q is added at the end of stock tickers for companies in bankruptcy

SMARTIES for Ryder, once famous for
those yellow transportation
and rental trucks!

• Started by Jim Ryder in 1933 with a Model A Ford truck to haul cement
• Jim wore watches on both wrists to show his commitment to on-time deliveries
• Incorporated as a public company in 1955 and listed on the NYSE in 1960
• Operates three major segments: Fleet Management, Dedicated Transportation,
and Supply Chain Management
• Celebrated its 70-year relationship with the Miami Herald in 2016, Ryder’s
first dedicated transportation customer and longest-standing account

Founded: 1933 • HQ: Miami, FL • Market Cap: $3.8B

SMARTIES for Sprint.
Wireless
services and
Internet!

• Originated from Brown Telephone Company,
founded in 1899 in Abilene, KS
• Names have included Brown Telephone
Company (1899-1911), United Telephone
Company (1911-1925), United Telephone
and Electric (1925-1938), United Utilities, Inc.
(1938-1972), United Telecommunications (1972-1983), GTE Sprint
(1983-1986), US Sprint (1986-1992), Sprint Corporation (1992-2005),
Sprint Nextel Corporation (2005-2013), Sprint (2013-current)
• Fourth-largest U.S. mobile operator as of 2018, serving over 54M customers
• Approximately 83% owned by SoftBank, just less than the 85% threshold
that would result in Sprint being delisted from the NYSE
• In 2008, Sprint wrote off nearly $30B, or about 80% of the $36B paid for
Nextel in 2005

Founded: 1899 • HQ: Overland Park, KS • Market Cap: $21.8B

SMARTIES the second and third
letters of the world’s largest
telecommunications company.

• AT&T’s roots trace back to Alexander Graham Bell, who founded the
Bell Telephone Company in 1877; later acquired by American Telephone
& Telegraph
• World’s largest telecommunications company and second-largest in
mobile phones behind China Mobile
• AT&T is now the company name (no longer an abbreviation)
• Largest U.S. donor to political campaigns
• Removed from the Dow 30 in 2015 and replaced by Apple

Founded: 1983 • HQ: Dallas, TX • Market Cap: $235.2B

SMARTIES is available, so what are
You waiting for?

• U was formerly US Airways, a major American airline
• US Airways was acquired by American Airlines in 2015

SMARTIES for Visa,
accepted worldwide!

• Founded in 1958 as BankAmericard by Bank of America, which gave up
control of the franchise in 1970 to transform into alliances like MasterCard
• Rebranded as Visa in 1976 to generate international appeal, as the name was
instantly recognizable in many countries and languages
• Does not issue cards, but partners with financial institutions that offer
Visa-branded credit cards
• World’s second largest combined processor of debit and credit cards by annual
value after China Union Pay; outside of China, Visa is dominant worldwide
• Only one-letter ticker in the Dow 30 after AT&T (T) was replaced by Apple

Founded: 1958 • HQ: Foster City, CA • Market Cap: $296.6B

SMARTIES for Wayfair, a zillion
things home.

• Founded in 2002 by Niraj Shah and Steve Conine as CSN Stores
(a combination of their initials) in a spare bedroom of Steve’s house
• Started with a RackAndStands.com website selling stereo racks and stands
• Rebranded as Wayfair.com in 2011; went public in 2014
• Offers over 10M products from more than 10,000 suppliers
• Largest online-only retailer for home furniture in the United States

Founded: 2002 • HQ: Boston, MA • Market Cap: $10.6B

SMARTIES for U.S. Steel based in
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

• Once the world’s largest steel
producer, now ranked the world’s
24th largest and 2nd largest in the
United States, behind Nucor
• First corporation with a billion-dollar
market capitalization
• Developed the Steelmark logo in 1960 that
later represented the entire steel industry.
The NFL’s Pittsburgh Steelers based its logo on
the three astroids
• The astroid colors represent the three materials
used to produce steel: yellow for coal, orange for
iron ore, and blue for steel scrap

Founded: 1901 • HQ: Pittsburgh, PA • Market Cap: $6.1B

SMARTIES for Alleghany, now in insurance
and not the railroads.

• Founded in 1929 as a super-holding company by brothers Oris and Mantis
Van Sweringen, who owned 200 companies, including five major railroad
systems that controlled one-fifth of all track mileage in the United States
• Alleghany diversified into many industries and acquired majority ownership
of Investors Diversified Services in 1940
• Sold to American Express in 1984 to become a major insurance player
• Industries included toy and consumer electronics, custom tailor manufacturing,
precision machine tools, and steel fabrication

Founded: 1929
HQ: New York City, NY

Market Cap: $8.8B

SMARTIES for Zillow, name your price
and get your Zestimate!

• Online real estate database company founded and created by Rich Barton
and Lloyd Frink, former Microsoft executives and founders of Expedia
• Offers services for complete lifecycle of owning and living in a home:
buying, selling, renting, financing, and remodeling
• Database of 110M homes for sale, rent, and not currently on the market
• Operates more than two dozen mobile real estate apps
• 2017 Stats: 6.3B visits, 187M monthly unique users, 32M monthly rental
unique users, 96% coverage of active for-sale U.S. listings
• Uses a proprietary algorithm called a Zestimate® (pronounced: ZEST-i-mate)
to estimate a home’s value (accuracy varies based on location)

Founded: 2006 • HQ: Seattle, WA • Market Cap: $11.4B

The One Letter Stock Ticker Song

A for Agilent Technologies,
B for Barnes Group...not the book store!

C for Citigroup, credit cards galore!
D for Dominion, get that juicy-dividend!

E for Eni, and F for Ford.
G for Genpact, H for Hyatt, and

I for Intelsatellite
J’s not used, but I wish it was for Jell-O.
K for Kellogg’s, corn flakes in the morning!
L for Loews, M for Macy’s and back to school clothes!

N was NetSuite, O for Realty,
P for Pandora, Internet radio.
Q was Quintiles, R for Ryder, S for Sprint, and...
T is for my Tuna Salad fix. Oops, I mean AT&T!
U’s not used, but V’s for Visa, accepted worldwide!

W for Wayfair, X for Steel,
Y for Alleghany, Z for Zillow...

And those are the one letter stock tickers!

One Letter Stock Quiz

1. Which tickers are still available?
2. What ticker has been used by the most companies?
3. What tickers have been used 2 times or more?
4. What ticker was last assigned?
5. What ticker was last dropped?
6. What company has the smallest market cap?
7. What company has the largest market cap?
8. What companies were in the Dow 30?
9. What companies are majority-owned by governments?
10. What companies are number one in their market?
11. What companies are not based in the U.S.?
12. What companies were involved in the Apollo moon landing?
13. What company abbreviations became their full name?
14. What company replaced its logo the most times?
15. Why do Jell-O and gummy candies have protein?

Answers available at financialwhizkids.com

One Letter Stock Summary
Market Caps as of 30-Jun-18

S ymbol Company N ame Headquarters Held Market Cap Previous
Since (In Billions) Companies

A Agilent Technologies Santa Clara, CA 1999 19.8 Abstra

B Barnes Group Bristol, CT 1969 3.1

C Citigroup New York City, NY 1998 171 Chrysler

D Dominion Richmond, VA 1983 44.5

E Eni Rome, Italy 1995 67.7

F Ford Dearborn, MI 1956 44.1

G Genpact New York City, NY 2007 5.5 Gillette

H Hyatt Chicago, IL 2009 8.6 Realogy

I Intelsat Luxembourg 2011 2.3 First Interstate Bancorp

J Jackpot Enterprises

K Kellogg Battle Creek, MI 1959 24.2

L Loews New York City, NY 2008 15.4 Liberty Media

M Macy’s Cincinnati, OH 1992 11.5 M-Corp

N Inco, NetSuite

O Income Realty Corp San Diego, CA 1994 15.3

P Pandora Oakland, CA 2011 2.1 Phillips Petroleum

Q Qwest, Quintiles

R Ryder Miami, FL 1960 3.8

S Sprint Overland Park, KS 2013 21.8 Sears, Roebuck & Co.

T AT&T Dallas, TX 2005 235.2

U US Airways

V Visa Foster City, CA 2008 296.6 Vivendi Worldwide

W Wayfair Boston, MA 2014 10.6 Westvaco Corporation

X U.S. Steel Pittsburgh, PA 1991 6.1

Y Alleghany New York City, NY 1929 8.8

Z Zillow Seattle, WA 2011 11.4 F.W. Woolworth Co.

HELP YOUR CHILD BECOME
AN INVESTING WHIZ

Fun and entertaining introduction to the world of investing
Packed with Smarties that summarize the history

and key facts of the one letter stock ticker companies
A one letter stock ticker song for children
Fun and informational quiz