Nova Social Studies 3

what theme or topic a person has while making collage. One can have
no topic at all and yet a collage can be made. Any pattern or design
will do for collage. As art has no boundary, a collage has also no set
pattern of making design or shape. It is the creator who decides a
form of collage. See some examples below:

You can take old clothes and arrange them on surface by stitching them to make a collage.

You can use colour papers or plain papers or postcard size photographs to make a collage.

Have you ever thought of using daily newspapers to cut it in shapes and make a collage?

The large tracts of rural lands exhist in Nepal. Rural materials like
grass, straw, rug, leaves, twigs and other such things can also be used
to make collage on a wide surface. Boiled rice, thread, rope or tapes

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are always available for affixing them on the wide surface to make a
collage. Thick cardboard or mat board will work well. One can choose
any attractive theme in context of Nepal such as unity in diversity,
Nepal -- a land of mountains, Nepal – a land of rivers and so on.

Teaching Guideline

Conduct a workshop to help students make collage in your presence both individually as well
as in a group. Ask the students to bring all the needed items (materials) to make a collage.
Organize an art exhibition to showcase all the collage arts and select them for giving awards.

Make a paper collage here in a given space by using bits of news-
papers. Choose a theme (or topic) of collage.

Paper Collage
Theme..........................

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5 Clay Work

Dear children! Clay encourages you to play with it which you mould
into different shapes and sizes. Clay with the help of water or oil is
moulded to make slabs, coils and slumps to make sculpture. You can
use your palm and fingers to smoothen it as per your need. Children
love to squeeze, poke, pinch, twist and roll a lump of clay to make a
sculpture or carve out a design. Touch a lump or slab of clay. What do
you feel? Is it cold or wet or squishy or so heavy? Mould the clay of
different colours into different shapes and sizes the way you want it
to be. Take the guidance from your teacher and guardians before you
make a specific shape out of clay in your hand. You can also copy a
model you already have.

Clay with different colours of lumps and hand tools are ready to be shaped into sculpture.

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Clay art is the excellent activity to develop your hand muscles and
manage your eye-hand coordination. You do not need any adult to
be always around you while working on clay art. You can make your
own choice to show your intelligence, imagination, and creativity by
creating sculptures and other pottery work.

Clay lumps are rolled into different shapes to create a meaningful shape and figure.

Clay lumps of different colours have been molded to make specific sculptures (shapes).

Children’s joy knows no bound when they work on the potter’s wheel
for the first time. They place their wet hands on slowly spinning wheel
to shape the clay into bowls, glass or some other shapes.

Get a potter’s wheel and work on it to create a bowl or pot of your preferred colour.

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Dear children! Your self-expression and imagination find the way
to take concrete shape on potter’s wheel when you create a shape.
You feel so excited and satisfied at the end. Clay never resists your
efforts. It slips into a shape the way you want it to be. Children make
mistake while working on clay art or on potter’s wheel. But, they
learn to correct their mistakes. This is the most convenient way to
learn and understand shape, form, and designs. They get a first lesson
in geometry.

First demonstrate then involve the children to work on a potter’s wheel to make pots.

Teaching Guideline

Closely observe and guide the students while they are using clay and working on pottery or
sculpture. Give them proper direction to express their creativity. Also give them free hands
when they are working in a group so that all the students can discuss and have fun while
handling clay. After giving them proper guidance and training through live demonstration,
give them opportunity to use their own imagination and create shapes.

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6 Assembling and Construction

Art has no limitation. Art finds expression in everything we do or
choose not to do. There are so many things around us which can be
gathered to make form or shape. Dear students! you can pick up
match box or match sticks, used tooth brush, wrappers, feathers,
plastic bottles, used canes, pencil and coloured papers to create forms
and shapes showing art work. Few examples are being given below.

Take match sticks and assemble them in such a way that attractive forms are created.

Assembly of match sticks can even create complex figure and a situation of human life.

Try your hand by using scissor, glue, tape or paste to construct forms and shapes.

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It gives a great satisfaction when we assemble the things and construct
an image. Art in this way makes us creator. Do you want to be creator
and construct something you love or like? Use the colourful papers to
construct attractive shapes.
Cardboard, hard paper, soft paper and hollow round papers are easily
available in every house.

Be creator yourself. Assemble the colourful papers of different thickness to construct shapes.

See the artistic expression by cutting, folding, assembling and pasting the colourful papers.

Used up bottles or thrown out bottles assembled together for art work

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Have you ever collected used up bottles in your house for art work?
Collect all the used up bottles or canes which are of no use and paint
them with beautiful shapes and colours.

As a child you must have picked up feathers of different birds. the
most famous one in our culture is the peacock feather. Peacock
feather can be arranged in a particular pattern to create art work.
Peacock feathers are widely used for decorating purposes within our
houses. Similarly tail feathers of birds are also assembled together
and painted with attractive colours to create a pattern. Just see below
to have better idea on feather art:

Peacock feathers Assembly of tail feathers with colourful painting on them

There is a possibility of living our daily life in artistic way full of
beauty and happiness. For example, expression of beauty comes in a
dress you wear, food you eat and the place you live in. We want neat
and clean food for our health. But, there is a question to ask. How
many of us want our food to be presented in an artistic manner? Look
at the art that our food can represent:

Mixtures in an art form Fruits and salads are being served in an artistic pattern

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Dough art (sculpture) is another art form which is fun to work on.
All the ingredients needed to work on dough art is available in your
kitchen cupboard. Mix water and salt in a bowl and stir them properly.
Add flour in the mixture and stir it again. Knead the whole mixture
for 5 to 10 minutes until whole mixture gets moistened. Flour dough is
ready to be turned into smooth ball. Add more flour during kneading
to prevent sticking. Take guidance from your mother or any adult
around you if it is getting difficult to make smooth ball of dough.
Once dough is ready you can colour it to make shapes or designs look
attractive. You can bake the dough sculpture to make it solid and then
colour it. You can make beautiful beads out of baked dough with the
help of thread, string or a ribbon. Choose your shapes like spheres,
discs, cubes or pyramids. Try your hand to create your chosen shape
of beads.

Make salt dough Colour the salt dough and make different shapes out of it

Colourful beads made out of salt dough Colourful beads woven through thread

Salt dough with or without colour is used to create palm print or molded into a shape.

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Things like stones or buttons or pearls can be added on spread out round dough.

Teaching Guideline

Bring all the necessary ingredients such as water, oil, flour, salt, colour, brush, design templates,
and so on for making dough art. First demonstrate how to make non-sticky and pliable dough.
Mould it into different shapes; create designs on it using different solid objects like glass, bowl,
pen, pencil, palm and others. After that, involve the students to play with dough art and keep
on guiding them to carve out dough sculpture.

The way you arrange your books, notebooks, clothes, and other
personal belongings involves art. Art is present in everything we do.
Only thing is that how artistic we are. Are you artistic and show art
while eating, dressing and keeping your books and talking to your
friends? Write.

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UNIT 2:

Music, Dance and Acting

Lesson 1: Sing a Song
Lesson 2: Learn to Dance
Lesson 3: Hand Posture (Hast Mudra)
Lesson 4: Facial Expressions
Lesson 5: Learn to Act (Role Play)

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1 Sing a song

Title: Come in and See

Come in and see…
How vast the sky is!
How fast the cloud moves!
What a dazzle in its midst!
How colourful the rainbow is!

Come in and see …
How deep the ocean is!
How clear the water looks!
What a jump of waves!
How endless it seems!

Come in and see …
How lofty the Himalaya is!
How white it looks!
What a snow-shower on the peaks!
How pure it feels!

Come in and see …
How energetic I feel!
How positive I am!
What a blessing life is!
How great the existence is!

Written by : Binod Kumar Pathak

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2 Learn to dance

Dance is a movement of the body especially feet to music. In other
words, movement of a body in a lively way in accordance with the
rhythm and style of music is called dance. Dance is a performing art.
Dear students! By now all of you are aware of what a dance is. You
must have seen a dance performed in your house, in community and
in your school. Television, internet, drama and cinema in our culture
show dance of different styles or types. Children love to watch dance
and wish to perform in front of others. But, some children may feel
shy, some may not want to be there at all and some may wish to be on
dance stage whole day.

Come on and dance the way you want

Dance involves physical movement like running, hopping, jumping
and skipping, swaying, twisting and so on in a sequence or pattern on
a tune of music. Dance expresses mood or situations of life.

Dance your heart out on beats of music

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Are you really serious to practise dance? All right then; be ready. First
of all choose appropriate music. Learn the steps from your dance
teacher or from someone who knows it or try on your own. Now
start to dance. Gallop like a horse or hop like a bunny (young rabbit).
Stretch to reach for the sky, take two steps to the right and then spin
around.

Tap on your toes, turn like a monkey and leap like a frog

If you find it difficult to dance, then start with basics and go slow
in the beginning. Watch children dance videos and choose your
favorite dance. Know your limitations and work on it to develop
more flexibility. Use music with a good beat and learn to hear the
beat properly. Dance at your own pace and then join your friends in a
group dance to match their steps.

Choose your favourite music, carefully hear the beats and take your steps on beats

Teaching Guideline

Dance has a special place in the Nepalese folk culture. Teach them about our folk and classical
dance. Let them perform in a group of students on the beats of folk music. Mask dance is very
popular in Nepal. Get them mask of peacock, lion, cow, demons and deities to add the elements
of fun and excitement while teaching dance to students. Dance is performed in Nepal during
sowing season of paddy, harvesting crops, festivals and marriages and other occasions.

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3 Hand Posture (Hast Mudra)

Our palm and fingers are important instruments to perform actions
in the world. Human life loses its effectiveness in absence of fingers.
At the same time, network of nerves spread out in palm and fingers
reaches to our brain. The hand posture (Hast Mudra) is an art and
science of balancing these elements within us for healthy mind and
body.

Hands are organs of action and require to be kept healthy.
Make different shapes, postures and gestures through practical exercises of fingers.

Gyan Mudra Prana Mudra Vayu Mudra

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The hand postures (or Mudras) are to be performed by both the
hands together. These Mudras can be practiced according to your
convenience in a sitting position from 10 to 45 minutes for best result.
Some of the hand postures (Hast Mudras) are being explained here
for you:

(A) Gyan Mudra (the Mudra of Knowledge): How to form Gyan
Mudra?

Touch the tip of the thumb with the tip of the index finger and keep
the other three fingers straight.

Benefits: It improves memory and intelligence. It reduces headache,
anger, stress and anxiety.

(B) Prana Mudra (the Mudra of Life): How to form Prana Mudra?

Touch the tip of the thumb with the tips of ring and little fingers while
keeping the other two fingers straight.

Benefits: It energizes you by keeping you healthy. This Mudra
improves eyesight and raises the body power to fight diseases.

(C) Vayu Mudra (the Mudra of Air): How to form Vayu Mudra?

The tip of the index finger is touched to the base of the thumb and the
thumb comes over the finger with a slight pressure. The other three
fingers remain straight.

Benefits: It relieves pain in the bone, neck and spinal cord.

Shunya Mudra Prithvi Mudra

(D.) Shunya Mudra (the Mudra of Emptiness): How to form Shunya
Mudra?

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The tip of the middle finger touches the base of the thumb and the
thumb comes over the finger with slight pressure. The remaining
three fingers are kept straight.

Benefits: It helps in reducing ear pain and problem in hearing. This
Mudra is very helpful in throat, heart and bone related diseases. It
makes our gums strong.

(E) Prithvi Mudra (the Mudra of Earth): How to form Prithvi Mudra?

The tip of the thumb touches the tip of the ring finger and other three
fingers are kept straight.

Benefits: It improves digestion and removes the weakness of the body.
It gives energy and luster to the body.

(F) Apan Mudra (the Mudra of Digestion): How to form Apan Mudra?

Join the tips of the thumb, middle finger, and ring finger together and
keep the other two fingers straight.

Benefits: It throws out the toxins and purifies the body.

Apan Mudra Apan Vayu Mudra

Surya Mudra Varun Mudra

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(G) Apan Vayu Mudra (the Mudra of Heart): How to form Apan
Vayu Mudra?

Join the tips of the thumb, middle finger and ring finger. At the same
time, touch the base of the thumb with the index finger putting slight
pressure on it by the thumb. Keep the little finger all straight.

Benefits: It keeps our heart healthy and strengthens other internal
organs.

(H.) Surya Mudra (the Mudra of the Sun): How to form Surya Mudra?

Touch the base of the thumb by the tip of the ring finger and place the
thumb on it.

Benefits: It balances the body by reducing excess body weight. It
reduces hypertension.

(I.) Varun Mudra (the Mudra of Water): How to form Varun Mudra?

This Mudra is made by touching the tips of the thumb and the little
finger.

Benefits: It improves the health of skin and is very useful in skin
diseases.

Teaching Guideline

Teach them how to move fingers swiftly. Teach them some good exercises to make different
shapes from fingers. Ask them to demonstrate different hand postures in the classroom and
encourage them to explore more from teachers, guardians and elders.

Arrange the Mudras in a table to highlight the differences between
them. Take a hint from the following table:

Prana Mudra Prithivi Mudra

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4 Facial Expressions

It is essential to emote and understand the facial expressions which
represent human emotions of different types. Each facial expression
conveys the emotional state of an individual. There are both positive
and negative emotions that human beings display in different
situations of life. Our feelings (emotions) get visible on our face.

Recognize the emotions shown here with the help of finger arts.

Take a bunch of balls to draw the facial expressions shown above and name each of them.

The eyes of human beings strongly display the feelings (emotions) of a
person. Facial expressions of basic emotions are almost same all over
the world in any society. There are six basic emotions of happiness,
sadness, fear, anger, surprise and disgust. You must have experienced
them all. In other words, a life filled with emotions is a rich life. All of

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us add to our experience of life by going through different shades of
emotions. But, we must feel positive inside for our healthy mind and
body. If you are interested in drama (acting), then learn the patterns
of human emotions and learn to emote them. You can do so in front
of a mirror or a group of friends or under the guidance of a teacher.

Pinpoint the emotions you often experience in your daily life.

Pick various shades of positive and negative emotions to choose your mask for role-playing.

Now you know that all the shades of emotions can well be put under
two broad categories: positive emotions and negative emotions.
Positive Emotions: Glad, Happy, Joyful, Thrilled, Delighted, Hopeful,
Satisfied, Courageous, Great, Sublime, Excellent, Comfortable,
Relaxed, Surprised, Excited, Lively, Enthusiastic, Magnificent,
Inspired, Empathy, Sympathy, Humorous, Pride, Grateful, Charmed,
Cheerful and so on.
Negative Emotions: Worry, Anxious, Exhausted, Intimidated,
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Annoyed, Frustrated, Angry, Hostile, Intimidated, Destructive, Sad,
Depressed, Grief, Agony, Cautious, Doubtful, Suspicious, Nervous,
Scared, Fear, Hesitant, Panic, Shocked, Jealousy, Shame, Revenge,
Guilt, Greed, Humiliation and so on.

Teaching Guideline

Help the students understand different shades of human emotions as far as possible under
the basic framework of six categories. Let the children know and understand the difference
between the positive and negative emotions. Make them conscious of the emotion they feel
in different situations of life and ask them to name each emotion they experience individually.

Draw a sketch to represent different facial expressions.

Happy Sad Angry

Surprised Shocked Puzzled

Greedy Hearty Laugh Normal

Choose the emotions you want to sketch.

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5 Learn to act (role play)

Acting is a performing art by role-playing to tell a story or send across
a message in a society we live. Acting or role-playing is the way to
adopt a character according to a scene in a story. Those who play
characters to tell a story or to entertain the audience are called actors
and actresses. Actors or actresses adopt characters for role-playing in
theatre, television, film, radio or in any other place (medium). Dear
students! Practise this skill of acting and understand a sequence of
scenes under the guidance of your teacher instructing about acting.

Practicing outside of class with friends and family improve acting skills.

Play your character in a group of students to learn team work, cooperation and harmony.

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Dear students! Develop a good sense of your character to portray a
scene effectively. Rehearse your lines of dialogue before performing
a scene. Speak spontaneously in case you forget the lines to develop
confidence and continues the scene. Perform your lines in different
styles. Dear students! Enjoy your acting classes and do not take it as a
burden. Never come under pressure from your guardians to perform.
You can also choose mimicry by copying the behaviours of humans
or animals you love by wearing their masks and suitable costumes.

Be ready and gear up for role-playing (acting).

Choose a mask and a costume of an animal you want to enact and enjoy with your friends.

Watch videos on animals and children drama, Take instructions from
your acting teachers. Learn to give acting auditions for being selected.
Go on the stage and practise your role to develop confidence. Get
your practice filmed or recorded to watch it later. These are the ways
to perform with confidence on final day of performance.

Teaching Guideline

Stage a short play or drama in the classroom and assign different roles to students. Acting is
the way to polish their speech, behaviour and understanding of different situations of life. Be
careful not to force anything on them and make it a task to perform at any cost. Let the children
enjoy it and voluntarily choose their roles in the beginning and then train them later. Start with
mask and animal costume that children like the most.

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