Nova Social Studies 3

UNIT

6

Our Past

Gorkhas are famous as disciplined and brave soldiers known for displaying military
skills in defending the country against external aggression.

Lesson 1: My Neighbours – the Past and the Present
Lesson 2: My Neighbours’ Economic Activity -- the Past and the

Present
Lesson 3: Our Brave Hearts
Lesson 4: Things to Learn from the Past
Revision Exercise

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Lesson 1

My Neighbours -- the Past and
the Present

Objectives of this lesson are:

 To know the profiles of your neighbour
 To appreciate their culture and tradition

Tenzing Lama-- the maternal uncle of Aangkshiring Sherpa used to
live in Chokde village of Nuwakot district earlier. Now he lives in
Trishuli Bazaar. There is a huge difference between Tenzing in the
past and Tenzing at present. His pattern of living and economic status
has taken huge positive turn. He has now a variety of dresses to wear
and a lot of other luxuries to use in life. His behaviours and habits are
not the same as they used to be before. He does not grow grains in
his agricultural field any more. He purchases food grains and other
edibles from the market. He has left his ethnic dresses and traditional
culture to adopt metropolitan and western culture. He and his family
members no longer wear traditional and ethnic dresses. All of them
prefer to wear foreign and western dresses such as coat-pant-tie,
jacket, salwar-kammej, T-shirt, skirts and so on. His family members
do not show any interest in Pangden, Docha, Bakkhu, Sari-Blouse
and other Nepali ethnic dresses. His children have stopped attending
the ethnic cultural programs.

Salwar Kameej Sari-Blouse Pangden Bakkhu

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Aangkshiring does not like the foreign life style of his maternal uncle’s
family. There is no place for ethnic culture in his maternal uncle’s
family. He recalls the early life of his uncle when Tenzing used to
eat local food like boiled potato, sukuti, dhindo and others. His uncle
then loved to wear locally made clothes such as Docha, Pangden and
Bakkhu.
Angkshiring is still rooted to local culture and tradition. Sanumaya
is a neighbour. All the neighbours meet each other at a place and
celebrate different types of cultural festivals like Lhosar, Dashain,
Tihar and others. There are other neighbours who celebrate their own
festivals such as Holi, Chhath, Eid and so on. There exists no negative
feelings against each other. These neighbours cooperate with one
another in all the festivals. They stand together in time of need and in
hour of crisis.

Traditional Dress of Mountain People Modern Dress: T-Shirt, Coat, Pant and Tie

Teaching Guideline

The objective of the present lesson is to go for modern education, thoughts and living pattern in
the background of our cultural roots and traditional identity. Guide the students to be modern
yet not to forget their ancestral culture and heritage. Teach the students how to be global but
be respectful to local identity.

Words and terms you would like to know

Huge: extremely large in size or amount
Luxury: great comfort, especially as provided by expensive and beautiful things
Recall: bring the memory of past event into your mind
Pangden: ethnic dress worn by the women of Sherpa and Tamang ethnic community
Docha: thich cloth up to knee and leather made special shoes to protect legs and feet generally
used in Himal (mountainous region) of Nepal.
Bakkhu: thick cloth worn by Sherpas living in the mountainous region of Nepal

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Exercise

1. Sanumaya and Angkshiring in the present lesson celebrate a
variety of festivals. Write down what kinds of festivals your
neighbours celebrate. Make a table just like the one given below

for writing your answer.

S. No. Festival Time and occasion to celebrate

2. All of us change in course of time. Changes in our daily life and
thinking pattern affect our personal, family and community life.
What kinds of changes have come in last three generations in
your family in areas of eating, clothing, daily life patterns and
other habits? Enquire from your guardians and parents before

you write the answer.

Description In the past At the present
Clothing

Eating

3. Minutely observe how people of different age groups (children,
youth, adults and elderly) wear the clothes. Fill up the blanks
with the types of clothes adults, youth and others generally

wear in their daily life.

Clothes which adults prefer Clothes which youths prefer
to wear to wear

Daura-Suruwaal, Pant and T-Shirt,
………………….., ………………….,
…………………, ……………….,
……………………., …………………….,
…………………., ………………..,
…………………… …………………….

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Lesson 2

My Neighbours’ Economic Activity
-- the Past and the Present

Objectives of this lesson are:

 To know the types of economic activities which take place in your neighbourhood
 To find out the significance of these economic activities in your community

Suchitra Sinha is the student of Grade Three. She resides in Banjariya
village of Bara district. People of that village used to perform different
types of economic activities to earn their livelihood. Amongst the most
common activities in the past were working in the agricultural fields,
fishing in the nearby rivers and streams, cutting and shaping woods
from fallen logs, guarding and supervising neighbours’ gardens and
orchards, making pots out of mud and so on. Villagers used to run
their houses (and family) from the earnings they had by doing all
these economic activities. Villagers including my family members
would send their children to school and were able to meet their other
needs (and demands).

Fishing in a river by using net

Nowadays changes in economic activities have positively affected
the life standards of villagers. They are earning more than what they
earned before. Sangeeta is my classmate. Sangeeta’s parents and others

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do not go to jungle for cutting trees and to collect forest products any
more. They have started doing other economic activities to earn more
and live better. All of them went through different types of training
programs to acquire new set of skills. Rajesh my neighbour, is two
years elder to me. Rajesh’s father works as an electrician. Sangeeta’s
father runs cottage industry of rope making and her mother has started
dairy business to sell milk and milk related products. Mohan, another
neighgour has set up his own bicycle repairing shop. Rajnarayan is
now running retail shop as general store in the village. Sultana’s
life has also taken a positive turn. She used to catch fish in a
village’s pond but now she runs a tailoring shop and earns more
than before. Her sons and daughter have begun to go to school. All
of them are hard working and are engaged in one or other work
for earning livelihood.

Pottery -- Pot making Apprentice working Motorcycle Repairing Shop

Sultana’s Tailoring Shop

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Earlier villagers were left on their destiny and most of them were poor.
At present, villagers are cooperating themselves under the guidance
of government and other institutions to conduct life skills trainings
regularly. Those who have already been trained are now acting as
trainers to train other youths in a village. All round development has
turned the villagers very positive towards their future life.

Teaching Guideline

Let the students be acquainted with traditional work being carried through last several
generations. Helping them to understand how better we can become by improving upon the
technique and quality of our traditional work. Also discuss about the importance of new skills
and knowledge of modern economy in development of the community.

Words and terms you would like to know

Log: a usually big piece or length of a cut or fallen tree
Orchard: a place where people grow fruit trees
Acquire: to gain (a new skill, ability, etc.) usually by your own efforts

Exercise

1. Read the present lesson carefully and make a list of the work or
job villagers are doing at present. Also write what benefits they
have after changing their economic activities.

(a) ..........................................................................................................

(b) ..........................................................................................................

(c) ..........................................................................................................

(d) ..........................................................................................................

2. Find out the nature of economic activity (profession/occupation)
your father and your friend’s father used to do before and how
it is different today. Fill up the following blanks with correct
information:

Who is he? Work or job in the Work or job at
past present
Your Father
Friend’s Father

3. Copy all the questions being given here. Conduct an interview
of your neighbours with the help of these questions. Write down

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their responses and arrange them properly in your notebook.
Finally, read all the responses given by your neighbours in the
classroom.
(a) What work did you use to do in the past for earning money?
(b) What work do you do for your living now?
(c) What is difference between your past work and the present

one?
4. Fill up the blanks with the most suitable words:

My neighbour ………………….. is living comfortable life now.
It was not so ……………. when he had to struggle hard in
his earlier work/job. He used to work as ………………….. 7
years ago. At present he is working as ………….. and looking
after the family. He loves his present work and planning to
…………………………………………………………………….
Choose your options from the following table:
Basant/Basanti or any name, before/ in past/ in the present/
now, engineer/teacher/mechanic or any other work, stop the
work and go into retirement/continue the work with further
training/go on doing the same work at same level

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Lesson 3

Our Brave Hearts

Objectives of this lesson are:

 To know about our national heroes and their sacrifices for this country
 To take inspiration from them and build our own character

Balbhadra Kunwar, Amar Singh Thapa and Bhakti Thapa are the
heroes and brave hearts of Nepal. All of them with many others fought
fearlessly against the British colonial powers in Anglo-Nepal War
(1814 -1816 AD). These brave hearts did not care for their own life and
fought the war against the British in order to save the independence
of Nepal. Their gallantry is still remembered as a pride and glory of
Nepal. All the Nepalese people identify themselves with them as they
feel that loyalty and bravery are in their blood. Nepalese people are
proud of their brave ancestors who taught them to be fearless, honest
and loyal to the land they live in.

Amarsingh Thapa Balbhadra Kunwar Bhakti Thapa

Balbhadra Kunwar with his soldiers and bunch of civilians that
included women and children defended the Khalanga in the Battle of
Nalapani against the British attack. The Battle of Nalapani was the first
battle of the Anglo-Nepal War. Balbhadra Kunwar defended the fort
by showing great military skill and presence of mind. Even women
and children had fought that famous battle. The British soldiers in
those days could not conquer the fort till the time Balbhadra Kunwar
with his fellow soldiers and civilians continued to fight. It is heroic

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tale of bravery that every Nepali still recounts with brightness of
gallantry in their eyes.

Drawing images of the battles fought during Anglo-Nepal War (1914-196).

The legendary tale of Bhakti thapa’s bravery is the real inspiration for
all the Nepalese of all ages. Bhakti thapa was controlling the western
front of Nepal and he was stationed at the fort of Malaun. The British
forces attacked on Malaun to capture it. Bhakti Thapa who was 70
years old at that time decided to go to the battlefield with 2,000
Nepalese soldiers. In a fierce fighting, Bhakti Thapa tried to seize
a British cannon. Unfortunately, he was hit by a bullet in his chest
when he was going near the fort. He was martyred in the battlefield
while defending the country.
Bahadur Shah, the second son of King Prithvi Narayan Shah,
continued with the unification campaign after the death of his father.
The dream of King Prithvi Narayan Shah of the unified bigger Nepal
came true only after his death. Both Rajendra Laxami and Bahadur
Shah extended the boundary of Nepal in the west. Nepal’s boundary
crossed far beyond Gorkha, Lamjung and Parvat up to Kumaun
and Garhwaal (now in India). Queen Rajendralaxami took over the
reign of Kingdom of Nepal as regent after the sudden death of her
husband King Pratap Singh Shah. She fully supported the campaign
of extending the Nepal’s boundary by annexing Parvat, Lamjung and
Kaski. After the death of Rajendra Laxami, the brave regent Bahadur
Shah continued this campaign of unification towards the west. Able
military-general Amarsingh Thapa was always by his side in annexing

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Gulmi, Arghakhanchi, Dhurkot and other places. Both Bahadur
Shah and Amarsingh Thapa proved the might of Nepalese army by
conquering Kumaun and Garhwal in 1847 BS. They are remembered
as our brave hearts.

[Note: After the death of King Prithvi Narayan Shah in 1831 BS (1775
AD), his eldest son Pratap Singh Shah ruled over Nepal from 1831
to 1834 BS. He died at the age of 26 and then widow queen Rajendra
Laxami appointed herself as regent to look after the administration
of the Kingdom of Nepal. She died in 1842 BS. In period of eight
years in those times, several small kingdoms in the west accepted the
authority of Nepal and agreed to merge with the kingdom of Nepal.
Queen Rajendra Laxami is famous as able woman administrator in
Nepal.]

Teaching Guideline

Share many such stories of bravery, scarifies and special contributions made by our ancestors
in the past in all the fields. Teach the students by means of such stories and motivate them
to do good in future. Let them feel proud and thankful to their ancestors for what they have
now in political, social and economic fields. Encourage them to do self-research on other great
personalities who had positively contributed towards the development and upkeep of the
nation.

Words and terms you would like to know

Recount: to describe how something happened or to tell a story
Reign: royal authority
Regent: a person who rules a kingdom when the king or queen is not able to rule because he
or she is sick, too young, etc.
Tale: a story about someone’s actual experiences; a series of events of facts told or presented
Martyr: a person who sacrifices something of a great value and especially life itself for the
sake of principle
Legend: a famous or important person who is known for doing something extremely well
Legendry: very famous and admired or spoken about
Fellow: a member of a group of people who have shared interests, activities, etc.

Exercise

1. Answer the following questions

(a) Who do you call hero in human society? Explain with
examples.

(b) Who is martyr? How do they contribute to human society?

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(c) Do you consider anybody a legend in your family or
neighbourhood? Give reasons for your answer.

(d) There are various other ways to contribute to society and feel
proud about it. What are the ways to make contributions to
the present society in which we live in?

2. We have honoured our heroes and brave hearts by issuing postal
stamps in their names. What are the other ways to pay respect to
our heroes and brave hearts so that they are never forgotten?

3. Match the followings into pairs.

Our Brave Hearts Their Contribution

Bhakti thapa British Forces

Balbhadra Kunwar First person to begin the unification
of Nepal

Rajenda Laxami Malaun Fort

Prithvinarayan Shah Battle of Nalapani

Amarsingh Thapa Strong defense on the western
boundary of Nepal

Able woman administrator of Nepal

4. Fill up the blanks below based on the contents of the present
lesson.

(a) Balbhadra Kunwar, Amarsingh thapa and Bhakti Thapa
had fought .............................. and are considered as
........................... of Nepal.

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(b) Balbhadra Thapa was defending the fort of .................... in
Anglo-Nepal War while Bhakti Thapa was defending the
fort of ...................................

(c) Queen Rajendra Laxami is famous for ..............................
(d) Regent Bahadur Shah was the brave son of brave father. He

after becoming regent of Nepal ........................................
(e) Prithvinarayan Shah was ......................................

5. Write down the names of those who have done some positive
work to benefit a group of people in your community. Also

mention their specific contributions.

Name of persons who Mentioning specific
contributed contribution

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Lesson 4

Things to Learn from the Past

Objectives of this lesson are:

 To know the historical background of our country
 To learn about the composite culture of which existed here since the long past and take

pride in it

April 8, 2018
Kathmandu, Nepal
Dear Satyam,
Our teacher Mr. Min Bahadur Bishwakarma taught us about Nepalese
history and culture. Last week, he was focusing on political, economic,
social and religious background of our country. He has told us how
people of Nepal in the past stood up to face all the challenges and attack
in order to preserve our social and cultural identity. All the students
came to know how Nepal existed in fragments as several separate
kingdoms existed when Prithvi Narayan Shah took over as King of
Gorkha in 1799 BS (1743 AD). It means that Nepal was totally different
and not unified some 275 years ago. Prithvi Narayan Shah extended
the Gorha’s boundary by conquering entire Kathmandu valley in
1826 BS. In this way bigger Nepal was born. Sanatan Hindu Dharma
continues to be the culture of Nepal for most of the people of Nepal.
At the same time, other religious groups like Buddhists, Jains, Sikhs,
Muslims, Christians and indigenous ethnic groups such as Kirats,
Sherpas, Madhesis, Tharus and others are free to observe and follow
their own culture and language. Nepal has been carrying this cultural
heritage of ‘unity in diversity’ for several centuries. Our ancestors built
and protected religious sites which have become the world heritage
sites now. Religious and architectural sites such as Pashupatinath
Temple, Swyambhunath, Boudhanath, Changunarayan, Ram-Janaki
Temple, Hanuman Dhoka are few examples of classical heritages of
not only Nepal but of the whole world. Time has come when all the
Nepalese people must not forget their own culture and heritage. We
must not feel inferior about our own roots and try to imitate foreign

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culture blindly. It looks absurd when we refuse to accept our own
manners and behaviours in daily life under the influence of foreign
news, cinema and television. We must feel proud of our own mother
tongue, ethnic dresses, festivals and other such systems. Our ancestors
had sacrificed their life and energy to make us live with happiness
and pride. We must not let them down by forgetting or neglecting
our duties towards the community. Let us rise up to contribute to our
own wellbeing, then to family and community. With this message I
hope you to develop positivity within and then spread the positive
energy all around you.

Your friend
Santosh Singh

Teaching Guideline

Instill the feelings of pride and gratitude amongst the students for the contributions made by
our ancestors. Encourage them to learn the spirit of service towards our own surroundings and
the community at large.

Words and terms you would like to know

Culture: a way of thinking, behaving, or working that exists in a place; a particular society that
has its own beliefs, ways of life, art, etc.
Heritage: something transmitted by or acquired from a predecessor or ancestor
Samskara: Cultural and ethical practices in our daily life learnt after the birth while growing up
Unify: to cause (people or things) to be joined or brought together
Unification: the act, process, or result of unifying
Mother Tongue: the language that a person learns to speak first
Campaign: a series of military battles, attacks, etc., designed to produce a particular result of
war; a series of activities designed to produce a particular result

Exercise

1. Answer the following questions.

(a) What do you know about your culture and heritage? Explain
with the help of examples.

(b) What is your mother tongue? What others languages have
you learnt or wish to learn?

(c) Name some of the world heritage sites in Nepal.

(d) Name the festivals and food items which are purely connected

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with Nepali culture and they have not come from outside
foreign countries.

(e) Name the festivals, some specific behaviours, dresses and
food items which have come from outside Nepal and we
have adopted them in our daily life.

2. Write down what important lessons all of us can learn from our
national heroes and ancestors in more than two points. Use the
following table for writing your answer and also take help from
your teacher.

National Hero Lessons to learn
• Nepal is the land of diversity.

• .......................................................

• .......................................................

• .......................................................

• .......................................................

Prithvi Narayan Shah • .......................................................
• .......................................................

Rajendra Laxami • Women are no lesser beings even
in governance.

• .......................................................
• .......................................................
• .......................................................
• .......................................................
• .......................................................

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Bhim Sen Thapa • We must stand up to defend our
own heritage.

• .......................................................
• .......................................................
• .......................................................
• .......................................................
• .......................................................
• .......................................................
• .......................................................

• We must not fall into greed of
others.

• .......................................................

• .......................................................

Balbhadra Kunwar • .......................................................
• .......................................................

• .......................................................

3. Write a letter to your friend mentioning food you eat, dress you
wear and music you enjoy and so on.

4. You have already read this lesson. Make a list of the things that
you would like to do for the development and wellbeing of your
own country Nepal.

(a) ..........................................................................................................

(b) ..........................................................................................................

(c) ..........................................................................................................

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(d) ..........................................................................................................
(e) ..........................................................................................................

Revision Exercise

1. Look at the following ethnic dresses and write their names.

A B C D

A. ..........................................................................................................

B. ..........................................................................................................

C. ..........................................................................................................

D. ..........................................................................................................

2. Look at the following two pictures and explain the details you
see there.

A B
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A. ..........................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................

B. ..........................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................
3. Learn to connect the situations of human life shown in the

pictures in form of a short story.

A B C

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................

4. Agriculture sector in Nepal in Nepal was backward in the past
and it is getting modernized now. How is it so? Bring out the
clear differences of agricultural practices in Nepal in the past
and at present.

Agricultural Practices in the Agricultural Practices in the
Past Present

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UNIT

7

Our Economic Activities

Nepal have a number of villages. Therefore, economy needs special protection and
promotion here in order to end poverty and generate employment.

Lesson 1: Dignity of Work
Lesson 2: More Satisfaction in Less Money
Lesson 3: Rural (Village) Products
Lesson 4: Urban (Town) Products
Revision Exercise
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Lesson 1

Dignity of Work

Objectives of this lesson are:

 To understand why it is necessary to learn skills and work
 To know that adopting socially beneficial works as economic activities is ultimate service to

society

Ramlal Paswan lives in Bhardah village of Saptari district in Tarai.
Agriculture is the main occupation (economic activity) for his family.
His parents work in the agricultural field. They grow fruits and
vegetables. Ramlal helps them to work in the field. They fulfill their
needs by selling the fruits and vegetables grown in the field. Most of
the villagers do the same. They sell their products in the local market.
Sometimes they sell their agricultural products such as food grains,
spices, cash crops, fruits and vegetables to traders who visit them in
village. After that, traders sell these products in the village market.

Ramlal’s mother is selling green vegetables. A trader is inspecting quality of cheese.

Pemba Gurung resides in Chandanbari of Rasuwa district. Her
parents run cheese making factory in her house. Many liters of milk
are collected every day from her village and brought to the cheese
making factory. After making the cheese, it is packaged into different
measurements of weight like 100 gm, 250 gram, half a kg (500 gram),
one kg (1000 gram), and more. These packaged cheeses are sold in
different parts of country and also exported outside Nepal. There

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is a very good market for Nepal made cheese all over the world.
The Himalayan cheese is also the favorite food in other parts of
Nepal. Pemba cooperates with her parents in making cheese and
her neighbour Dolma does marketing for selling it. orders for cheese
supply come from within and outside Nepal on phone and internet.
Marketting network has helped the Pemba’s family to earn good
profits by selling cheese. It has given employment to many people
and other retail shopkeepers are also being benefitted by selling the
Himalayan cheese.

Pradip’s father is working as tourist guide and his mother is teaching in the classroom.

Pradip Poudel resides in Palpa. His father is a tourist guide. He takes a
group of tourists to different parts of country explaining about social,
religious, cultural and architectural aspects of physical sites. He has
a good idea about local culture including folk dance, folk songs and
folk music. Tourists love the way Pradip’s father explains the details
about Nepal’s geography, culture and even political system. Pradip’s
mother is a school teacher and she teaches English in a local school.
She has also taken training in ‘Yoga and nature-therapy’. She conducts
yoga classes in the school as well as in front of the house. She gets a
lot appreciation for her work. Pradip is proud of both the parents and
he respects their work.
Human life is impossible to live without doing work. Human beings
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are recognized by the work they do. There is a dignity attached to
every work a man does. A real work contributes to a person, family,
community and society at large. No work is big or small. A work must
be chosen in accordance with one’s aptitude, temperament and inner
liking. Any work performed with one’s own wish and happiness
becomes prayer and worship. Therefore, a famous saying goes like
this, “work is worship”.

Teaching Guideline

Let the students find out the different types of work people in their own community do and
what are the benefits of those work. Ask them to prepare a list of the work and the benefits
it brings to individual, family and entire community. Direct them to present their list in the
classroom.

Words and terms you would like to know

Liter: a metric unit for measuring the volume of a liquid or gas that is equal to one cubic
decimeter (1.057 quarts)
Package: a wrapper or container that covers or holds something; a commodity or a unit of a
product uniformly wrapped or sealed
Aptitude: a natural ability to do something or to learn something
Temperament: the usual attitude, mood, or behaviour of a person
Contribute: to help to cause something to happen
Dignity: the quality of being worthy of honor or respect
Ailment: a sickness or illness
Economic Activity: Economic activity is the human efforts made in the direction of earning
money.

Exercise

1. Answer the following questions.

(a) What do you understand by the phrase, “Work is Worship”?

(b) What is dignity of work? Explain with examples.

(c) Make a list of work (economic activity) your family members
do.

(d) Mention any five works (economic activities) that people in
your community do.

2. Mark right ( √ ) if the statement is correct and mark cross ( X )
if a statement is incorrect. Also correct the wrong statement by
rewriting it.

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(a) Sugarcane is required for making sugar in sugar factory.
(b) Those who work in the field of agriculture are called traders.

(c) Those who teach in school are called professors.
(d) Traders sell and buy goods.
(e) Masons are skilled workers who build and repair computers.

(f) Carpenters work on iron to make different useful shapes.

(g) Tailors make different kinds of dresses that we wear.
(h) Plumber is a person who installs or repairs sinks, toilets,

water pipes, etc.

(i) Surgeon is a doctor who performs surgery.

(j) Engineer is a person who has scientific training and who
designs and builds complicated products, machines, systems,
or structures.

(k) Gardener is the one who takes care of small children when
their parents are out on work.

3. Who is called what? Write here.

What is the work? What is he or she
called?
Working in the field for cultivation Farmer
Diagnosing the patients to identify
diseases
Selling and buying things for earning
profits

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Working in a office
Teaching in a school
Supervising the frontiers and defending
the country
Making furniture out of wood
Making mud pot
Designing building before it is
constructed
Selling ornaments made up of gold,
silver etc.
4. Fill up the blanks below.
My name is …………………. and I live in ……………………
My school’s name is …………………… My father’s name
is ………………….. and he works as ……………………..
My mother’s name is ……………………… and she works
as…………………… I like to work as …………………. when I
grow up. The work I want to do is ………………… and it requires
hard training. Things that is required for a work I want to do are
………………………………………..

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Lesson 2

More Satisfaction in Less Money

Objectives of this lesson are:

 To understand the value of money and learn to spend it cautiously
 To prioritize our needs and then go for satisfying the most important ones first

We must understand the value of money. What to buy, how much to
buy and why to buy are the most important questions before we spend
money. Money spent on useless things in careless manner makes
us suffer. We know this truth when we look around us in society.
Farmers toil in the field, labourers work on the site, teachers teach in
the classroom, drivers drive us safe in a bus and so on. This is how
money is earned. It is hard-earned money. How will you like to spend
this hard earned money? What is the way to get more satisfaction in
less money? Think over it.

Stationary items, note books, toys and other essentials Prachi bought from her money.

My name is Prachi Prasad and I am the student of Grade Three in
Biratnagar. I want to share my experience of handling money for the
first time in my life. I was visiting my ancestral house in Jhapa during
Dashain and Tihar holidays. As part of religious rituals, I was given
money by several of my relatives as a token of love and affection
towards me. Money was in the form of coins and paper notes of 5,
10 20, and 50 Rupees. I counted the money that I received from my
elders as their blessings on different rituals including for singing
Deusi-Bhailo. It was 1000 Rupees in total. I attempted to give it to my
mother but she refused to take it. She asked me to use that money for
buying things which I liked. I made a list of things to buy using the
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money I had. My list of goods included pen, pencil, eraser, geometry
box, note-book (copy), tooth brush, toothpaste, shoe police, shocks,
ribbon and comb, powder, drawing book, story book and toys.

I went to the nearby general store and stationary shop for buying all
that I wanted. I received the bill for each and every item I purchased.
I spent 550 Rupees in purchasing the items which I needed and saved
450 Rupees. My mother was very happy on saving 450 Rupees for
future. She was proud that I understood the value of money. I learnt
the art of getting more satisfaction in less money. I requested my
mother to keep 450 Rupees. This time my mother didn’t refuse and
heartily kept it safe for me. I am feeling quite confident today while
I share this incident with you. I have a message to convey to all my
friends and I hope all of you appreciate it.

Teaching Guideline

Teach the students how important it is to understand the value of money and not to spend it on
useless things. Being extravagant in our daily life had its own side effects. With the help of short
stories, help the students develop the habit of carefully spending the money.

Words and terms you would like to know

Toil: to work very hard for a long time
Ancestor: forefathers, a person who was in someone’s family in past times
Refuse: to say that you will not accept; to say or show that you are not willing to do something
that someone wants you to do
Heartily: with all sincerity; wholeheartedly, in a hearty (cheerful) manner

Exercise

1. Answer the following questions.

(a) Do your parents/guardians allow you to keep money which
you get in festivals or at some other occasions? Write what
you do with that money.

(b) Have you ever spent money on your own without being
directed by your guardians? Explain how was that
experience.

(c) Do you boast of your pocket money which you get daily
from your parents? How do your friends react to it?

(d) Do you buy anything in school or on the way to school or
way back home from school? Write the details.
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(e) Do you appreciate Prachi’s behaviour of spending money?

(f) Why was Prachi’s mother so happy with her daughter?

(g) What items would you purchase if you get 1000 Rupees right
now?

2. You have less money. Therefore, you cannot buy all the things
which you want. Make a list of goods without which you cannot
live your life effecitively.

Urgent Goods Price Urgent Goods Price

Note Book 15 Rupees

3. What should be done to correct the wrong habits? Go through
the habits given below and suggest the correct way to get rid of

it.

Wrong habits Correct way of behaviour

Sarita buys whatever she sees in Only those things which are

the market. actually useful and needed

should be bought.

Chhiring loves to buy expensive
items only.

Ramnath does not buy even
those goods which are required

for him.

Nimita always demands money

from her mother.

Suresh always asks for new and

fancy clothes from his father.

Shilpi does not care if paste,
food, soap, shampoo etc. get

wasted.

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Lesson 3

Rural (Village) Product

Objectives of this lesson are:

 To know the value and practical usefulness of products made in rural Nepal
 To understand how important it is to promote rural made products

Rural Nepal has a great potential for cottage and small scale industries.
Besides agriculture, there are other economic activities which operate
from farmer’s own house. There are various kinds of rural products
such as ropes, carpet, handicrafts, Dhaka clothes, woolen sweaters,
copper vessels, clay pots etc. Bidya Subedi lives in Santang village of
Dhankuta. In her village, farmers support themselves by balancing
their time and energy between agricultural activities and other extra
economic activities. Villagers here are engaged in rope making, carpet
weaving, handicrafts, making Dhaka clothes and tailoring Daura
Shuruwaal and Dhaka Topi. Both men and women are productively
engaged in these activities. Woolen sweaters are also knitted here.
Women have taken specific tailoring, weaving and knitting trainings.
Young girls are trained by these women in their spare times regarding
handicrafts and tailoring work.

Rope making of different thickness Carpet and other handicraft items

Dhaka Fabric Dhaka cloth Dhaka Topi Woolen Sweater

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Goods produced in Santang village of Dhankuta are sold in different
parts of the country. These goods are also exported to foreign countries.
All the villagers feel very proud when they use the things produced
in their own village.

Aman Koirala is the resident of Kuwapani of Dhankuta district. His
family has tea garden where tea is planted. His neighbour Ram Aashis
Chhetri has a cabbage farm. Other villagers work in a tea processing
factory run by Aman’s mother. Shopkeepers and traders visit the tea
factory for selling it in the village and in other parts of the country.
There are other products such as copper and clay vessels, mud pots
and other such things are produced here.

Tea Plantation Garden Cabbage Farm

Copper vessels Clay Pots Designed Clay Vessels

Rural villages in Nepal have huge potential to develop the rural
economy. Rural products have both local and foreign market. This
is the method to fight poverty in villages of Nepal and stand up to

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start working. This is all about will power to develop skill and begin
work that all of us can easily do as start-up. This is the correct way
to gain happiness and become self-sufficient.

Teaching Guideline

Make the students familiar with all the items (goods) produced locally in rural Nepal. Teach
them how important it is to use locally made products in our houses and tell them the ways to
use these products.

Words and terms you would like to know

Knit: to make clothes, etc. by using two long needles to connect wool or another type of thread
into joined rows
Vessel: a curved container that is used to hold liquid
Start-up: a small business that has just been started
Self-sufficient: able to provide everything you need, especially food, for yourself without the
help of other people

Exercise

1. Make a list of goods (things) available in your school. Find
out the place where they have been made. Enquire from your
teachers and fill up the following blanks.

Things found in Where have they been made?
school premise Sikarmi Dai of my village made it.
Table and chair

2. Answer the following questions.
(a) Name your village. What types of economic activities are
performed there?
(b) Make a list of products produced in your village.
(c) Do you use village made products in your own house? Name
them.
(d) Make a list of local products that your parents and
grandparents use.
(e) Find out the difference between the products produced in

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two villages Santang and Kuwapani of Dhankuta district.

3. Bidya’s house has a range of goods useful for their convenient
life. Description of those goods is given in the table below:

Name of the things Place where it was made

Dresses made from Produced in a Dhaka factory of a
Dhaka cloth : Topi, Cholo, village
Pachhyaura, Stakot

Tools used in agriculture: Produced in Aaran owned and
Kodalo (spade), Hansiya, operated by Harihar Dai
Supo, Thrasher

Utensils and pots: Made in a metal workshop of a
Thaal, Batuko, Aamkhora, nearby town
Kasaundi, Bhanda

Electronics and Manufactured in a foreign country
Electricals: Radio, TV, and imported from there
watch, Internet, Fan,

You too make a list of all the important goods of your house like
the one mentioned above. Also write the place where they have
been made.

4. Make a figure of any two dresses that you love to wear quite
often and fill it up with suitable colour.

Your favourite dress-I Your fabourite dress-II

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Lesson 4

Urban (Town) Products

Objectives of this lesson are:

 To know the value and practical usefulness of products made in urban areas (towns/cities)
of Nepal

 To understand how important it is to promote urban products

Surya Raj Sinha is the permanent resident of Birgunj. His ancestors
had lived here for centuries. His classmate Suneeti Choudhary is
from Butwal. Both of them are currently studying in Grade Three in
one of the school located in Biratnagar. Both of them break into talk
after the school ends.

Suneeti: Surya! You live in Birgunj. You frequently visit your ancestral
house. Can you tell me the specific goods which are manufactured
there?

Surya: Yes, of course. Birgunj is famous for sugar mills, cloth factories
and soap industries. Birgunj is also known for producing utensils
and pots for kitchen work. Residents of Birgunj mostly use the
goods produced in the city only. Tapke is a famous good of Bairgunj.
Tapke is a traditional pot used by Nepali people mostly for cooking
fried foods. It is made up of iron.

Suneeti: Do the residents of Birgunj use the goods manufactured
outside?

Surya: Yes, indeed. They do. In case goods they need are not
manufactured in Birgunj, they buy goods which have been produced
elsewhere.

Suneeti: From where do they get food grains and other eatable?

Surya: There is a wide spread area near Birgunj used as agricultural
field to grow food grains, fruits and vegetables. Many people in
the surrounding area of Birgung are engaged in fishery and dairy
activities. This is how there is a regular supply of fishes and milk
products to Birgunj.

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Suneeti: It is amazing to know the progress of Birgunj from you.

Surya: Suneeti! Can you tell me about your ancestral town Butwal?
What kinds of manufacturing activities are going on there? What
kinds of goods are manufactured there?

Suneeti: Butwal is known for many types of industries and factories.
Butwal produces clothes, threads, soaps, biscuits, shoes, sandals,
slippers, television and other consumer items. Goods manufactured
in Butwal are exported to foreign countries also.

Surya: What is about food items? From where do the people of
Butwal get food items?

Suneeti: Like Birgunj, Butwal is also blessed with a vast tract of
agricultural field in the surroundings. Farmers grow food grains,
vegetables and other spices. There is a regular supply of food grains
and others items such as vegetables and spices from the surrounding
area.

Surya: Thanks for information and meet you later to know more
about your ancestral town Butwal. Bell has gone and this is the time
to be ready for the next class.

Suneeti: You are most welcome. It is my pleasure.

Teaching Guideline

Let the students know basic difference in the level and scale of production of goods which takes
place in village and city (or town) in Nepal. Make them realize the benefits of locally produced
items and its benefits on local economy.

Words and terms you would like to know

Enterprise: a business organization
Industry: a group of productive or profit making enterprises
Factory: a building or set of buildings with facilities for manufacturing; the seat of some kind
of production
Sandal: a low-cut shoe that fastens by an ankle strap
Slipper: a light low-cut shoe that is easily slipped on the foot
Export: selling of goods and services to foreign countries
Import: buying goods and services from other countries

128 Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-3 >>

Exercise

1. Answer the following questions.

(a) How many towns and cities have you visited till now in
Nepal?

(b) Write about the status of manufacturing and production of
goods in those cities and towns.

(c) Differentiate between export and import.

(d) Why does Nepal import far more than export?

(e) What roles can towns and cities play in export?

2. Pick up a soap covered with a wrapper. Look at the wrapper and
read all the information and other details written on it. Now,
write below what is the information you read on a wrapper.

(a) Name (brand) of soap:

(b) Place of manufacturing:

(c) Name of industry or enterprise:

(d) Is there any sign of brand security or product check such as
N on its wrapper?

3. Visit your friend’s house. Observe the goods kept in his house
with his permission. Make a list of those goods and also
mention the place where these goods have been manufactured.
Do not forget to note down manufacturing and expiry date if
mentioned.

4. Pawan’s house has many goods made outside. Pawan’s village
manufactures strong and durable pots yet costly utensils have
been bought for kitchen use. The cheap and best goods such
as Sukul and Gundri made in his village are already available
there. But, Pawnan’s house has preferred to have costly carpet
manufactured outside the village. Pawan and his family
members show preference for packaged, wrapped and canned
food items sold in a city mall or a general store. These food
items are stale and not fresh. It is really strange that his family

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members do not eat Dhinro, Roti, Bhaat, fruits and vegetables.

What message would you give to other classmates? Write in
points taking clues from the above paragraph.

5. What raw materials do you need for the following products?
Match the following.

Goods/Items Raw Materials

Dhaka Topi Leather

Sukul/Gundri Sheep Wool

Shoe Thread

Radi-Pakhi Straw

Vessel Copper

Copy Paper

Revision Exercise

1. You have two types of food available in your house: fresh
and packaged one. Your friends are visiting you today. Which
combination of food would you like them to have and why?

A B

C D
130 Nova Social Studies And Creative Arts Grade-3 >>

........................................................................................................

........................................................................................................

........................................................................................................

........................................................................................................

........................................................................................................

........................................................................................................

2. Domestic animals are wealth for us. Make a list of all the
domestic animals that play important roles in earning extra
money when they are alive. Also point out the specific products
which are derived from these animals.

3. Look at the following pictures. Write down the difference
between these pictures in points.

A B
Situation A Situation B

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PART-TWO

Creative Arts

UNIT 1: VISUAL ART

Lesson 1: Lines to Draw
Lesson 2: Colouring
Lesson 3: Printing
Lesson 4: Collage
Lesson 5: Clay Work
Lesson 6: Assembling and Construction
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1 Lines to Draw

Dear students! Hold your pencil firmly and adjust your hand to draw
several lines: straight, curved, round, dots and others. You can use
scale and graph paper to be accurate and exact. But, drawing lines
depend upon the target figure you are attempting to draw.

You can create several kinds of patterns by drawing lines. Those
patterns come in different shapes and sizes.

Create different types of patterns by practicing to draw lines.

Using scale and graph paper (or a plain blank paper) is the most
convenient way to draw straight lines of different patterns to create

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triangle, square, rectangle and other such multilateral figures. Wavy
lines can also be drawn on the graph papers by using its blocks.

Take scale, pencil, a blank (or a graph) paper to learn to draw straight and curved lines.

Using graph paper to practise how to draw lines from different angles

Try to draw following figures first to adjust your hand for more
complex figures.

Take your own time and do not rush in to draw these figures.

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There are specific ways before one draws a figure. Help them learn
the art to draw figures. Teach them primary diagrams first like cirlce,
traingle, square, rectangle and so on. Then, tell the students to use
their imagination how to use these primary diagrams to draw the
complex figures. For examples, look at the following figures how a
primary diagram has gone on to become a complex figure.

Start with primary geometric shape and then proceed to make complex figure.

Teaching Guideline

Develop the power of attention amongst the students so that they are able to observe the non-
living things and living beings including humans with great attention. Ask them to observe
anything and everything like table, chair, desk, black board, house, vehicle, car, bus, garden,
jungle, cow, goat, human beings in different situations etc. Then, ask them to draw the figures
which they have observed. Correct the mistakes if any you find in the drawing they make. Also
give them group assignment for working on a drawing project after encouraging them to have
a group discussion before they decide the theme or plot to draw.

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2 Colouring

Play with colours and use your colour pencils, wax colours or water
colours to feel the effects. Draw different kinds of geometric figures
and fill them with different colours to feel the effects.

Check the colours and see its effects by displaying it on blank page.

Colours and shapes are always together. You look around and find
in your surroundings. Feel the colourful arrays and recognize the
colours in natural settings of sky, rivers, mountains, forests, plains,
hills, valleys and so on. Which set of colours do you like the most?
You buy clothes, toys, bed sheet, gift wrappers, soaps, tooth brush
in daily life. Do you make a specific choice for a colour? If yes, then
disclose your preference for a colour or a set of colours. Every colour
has different degree of brightness. A red can come in different degrees
of brightness from mild red to very bright red.
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What colour or colours would you choose if you are given a chance? Make your choice clear.

How many colours do you see in a bouquet displayed above?

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You must have seen how flowers are presented to welcome guests.
You too must have received the flowers in one or the other occasion of
life. You must have taken a stroll in a garden having rows of flowers
of different species. What fascinates you more colour or fragrance or
both in a flower?

Just choose your favorite colour of flower.

Below is a figure for you, fill it up with the most suitable colours.

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Teaching Guideline

Draw the pictures of different themes and situations of human life like My Country, Outside
My Home, Angel and Me, Family of Cat, Mother’s Love and so on. Fill them with suitable
colours after you complete your drawing. You can discuss with your classmates before you
decide to apply the colours on the pictures (figures) you have drawn.

Draw two sets of bouquet of flowers you would like to give to guests
while welcoming them to your house. Also colour the flowers.

Set - A

Set - B

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3 Printing

Printing can be done by different objects. A surface area of any object
can be used for printing colours on a paper (or collage) or used for
painting. Even designs of different patterns are carved delicately
to dip it with colour of your own choice for printing. Here are few
examples of printing through vegetables (popularly known as
vegetable printing).

Firstly, take the vegetables of your choice and cut it to create a surface area for printing.

Create a surface area and then carve out designs or patterns of your choice.

Pour colours in different pots and immerse the chopped vegetables in it.

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Now, take a plain paper or a plain cloth on which printing of designs
or different shapes have to take place. Arrange the solid and plane
background to spread a plain paper (cloth) for getting printed.

Press the surface area against the plain paper (or cloth) to print designs.

Go for printing with care so that unnecessary colours do not sprinkle on paper.

Just like the vegetable printing, leaves of different types are also used
for printing colours on plain paper or painted paper or to beautify
some drawings. It is really fun to collect leaves from your own
surroundings and dip it in colours to get multicolour printing. See
few examples below:

Take a leaf, spread colour on its surface area, and press it against the paper for printing it.

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Leaf printing can be easily used on collage or to make a decorative
painting to hang it on wall inside a house. Look at the following
examples for better understanding.

Leaf printing on a collage Leaf printing as a decoration on the wall

Dear students! Be ready now to learn about ‘block printing’. Block
printing can be done with wood, thick paper, linoleum, rubber, or
many other materials. A range of small knives is used to carve blocks.
The first step is to sketch the design.  It is important to reverse the
image if you are using text, as the printed image will be the reverse of
what is on the block.  

Carve design by small knife Colour a block design Print it on a paper or cloth

Images (or designs) created by block printing are very artistic and eye catching.

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Teaching Guideline

Arrange a special period to practically demonstrate how printing of images, designs and
painting is done. Collect all the necessary items which are used in the art of printing such as
thread, button, wool, comb or any other frame or ruler designs etc. For example, linoleum is a
tough washable floor covering, made from canvas or other material.

Try your hand to create impressions by using vegetable printing
especially using the surface of potato.

Printing through potato's cross sectim area

Create impression by using leaf printing
Leaf Printing

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4 Collage

Collages are made using anything that can show and present some
theme by mens of art glued or stitched onto a solid surface like
cardboard, thick cloth on a table or in a dish. You will find it quite
interesting to know that even hand arrangements of green vegetables
or fruits in a pattern or some specific design on a table makes a collage.
Let us make it very simple to start with. Do you know how to make
a collage by using small pieces of paper? Small pieces of paper are
glued onto a surface to create an image or a topic you choose as per
your liking. Go step by step as being given below.

Collect all the necessary materials like paper, colour, tape, glue, scissor, buttons etc.

Cut and paste the papers on a surface to make a collage showing a city or human face.

There is no set pattern of making collage. It depends upon a person
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