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2 TABLE OF CONTENT Welcoming Message by President Microscopy Society Malaysia and 3 Chairman SCMSM 2023 Organizing Committee 5 Programmed Tentative 7 Keynote Speaker 1 25 Keynote Speaker 2 27 Invited Speaker 1 28 Invited Speaker 2 30 Invited Speaker 3 31 Abstract Bio-Oral 32 Abstract Bio- Poster 40 Abstract Material-Oral 42 Abstract Material-Poster 68 Vendor Sponsors 82 31st Scientific Conference of Microscope Society Malaysia (31 SCMSM 2023)
3 First of all, I take this opportunity to welcome our guests and participants to the 31st Scientific Conference of Microscopy Society Malaysia (SCMSM 2023). MSM take pride that the Scientific Conference had been organized annually for the past three decades, without fail with the exception when the whole world had to cope the devastating Covid Pandemic. Even then, MSM managed to successfully organize a delayed virtual SCMSM conference online 2021. This year is a one-day event, unlike previous years due to unavoidable circumstances, where UMT as the main organizer had to pull out and thus over a shorter period of 4 months, MSM had to take the responsibility, reschedule, re-plan, meet-think and organize SCMSM2023 for members of the society as well as participants already keen to participate. Hence on behalf of the MSM Exco and Organizing Committee, a Special Appreciation and Big Thank You to all of you that here making this successful occasion. The SCMSM has been a platform between academics, researchers, students and vendors involved with microscopy to share knowledge, current research and technology, as well as creating networking together. The theme for this year’s SCSM 2023 is Microscopy Enhances Scientific Understanding Furthering Engineered Success. This befits the global scenario where the evolving growing technology in the various types of microscopes allows researchers to image, see and understanding further in each own area of research and hence creating new exciting science and a new achievement. This year’s conference is a one-day event with Keynote Speakers, Technical Talk by participating Vendors, and the oral presentation by participants as well poster presentation and micrograph competition. The conference will end with the grand Conference Dinner (many LUCKY DRAWS prizes, best awards winners will be given) which is also held in conjunction with an Appreciation Dinner to Life Members of the society. There will also be exhibition booth by vendors of microscopy and we hope participants visits the booth and support the
4 vendors. Let us all participate and be present the whole program for the day and night making it a memorable event for all. MSM has our own Malaysian Journal of Microscopy, a SCOPUS indexed journal. Selected papers presented in the conference as well as meeting the requirement and standard set by the Editorial will be published in the journal. Best wishes to participants. Lastly, I take this opportunity to thank our two Keynote Speakers i.e., Professor Datuk Dr Hair Bejo and Professor Dr Ramesh Singh for accepting and sharing their knowledge in our 1-day conference despite their busy schedules. I thank you and congratulate to our always supportive vendors whom without fail will always fund our annual event. To participants, enjoy the conference and the Conference Dinner. And the last most important of all, I must offer my deepest appreciation to the MSM EXCO and supporting committee for their willingness to accept the responsibility, giving their time, dedication, commitment and effort to ensure an eventful SCMSM 2023, despite the many setbacks and challenges as well as the multiple meetings on-line. Thank you all and Enjoy SCMSM2023. Professor Dr Ahmad Fauzi bin Mohd Noor President, Microscopy Society Malaysia Chairman, 31st Scientific Conference of Microscopy Society Malaysia (SCMSM 2023)
5 Chairman Professor Dr. Ahmad Fauzi bin Mohd Noor Deputy Chairman Assistant Professor Dr. Mohd Shukri bin Baba Secretary I Dr. Zubaidah binti Abu Hassan Secretary II (Poster, Web & Online Registration) Dr. Zolkapli bin Eshak Treasurer Associate Professor Dr. Tuty Asma binti Abu Bakar COMMITTEE MEMBERS Scientific Associate Professor Ts. Dr. Che Nor Aiza binti Jaafar Dr. Syahriza binti Ismail Associate Profesor Dr. Durriyyah Sharifah binti Hasan Adli Mrs. Zurina binti Marzuki Mrs. Nor Endang Ariffin Sponsorship & Logistic Mr. Rafiuz Zaman bin Haroun Mrs. Normalawati binti Shamsudin Publication & Technical Associate Professor Dr. Mohd Shukri bin Baba Dr. Muhammad Danial bin Ramli Mr. Ahmad Zaki bin Zaini Mr. Idris bin Sharif Registration, Certificates, Gifts & Program Book Dr. Zubaidah binti Abu Hassan Mrs. Zalina binti Razali Mrs. Azura binti Aladdin Mrs. Rosmawati binti Hashim Mrs. Pang Swee Ling Judging Dr. Syahriza binti Ismail Associate Professor Ts. Dr. Che Nor Aiza binti Jaafar Mrs. Suhaniza binti Razali Mrs. Nabila binti Mohd Ali Photographer Mr. Roslee bin Halip 31st Scientific Conference of Microscope Society Malaysia (31 SCMSM 2023)
6 DINNER COMITTEE MEMBERS Advisor Professor Dr. Ahmad Fauzi Bin Mohd Noor (MSM President) Chairman Mrs. Normalawati binti Shamsudin Deputy Chairman Mr. Rafiuz Zaman bin Haroun Master of Ceremony Dr. Zubaidah binti Abu Hassan Mrs. Zurina Marzuki Committee Mrs. Azura binti Aladdin Mr. Ahmad Zaki Mr. Idris Sharif Mrs. Nabila binti Mohd Ali Mrs. Nor Endang binti Ariffin Mrs. Pang Swee Ling Mrs. Rosmawati binti Hashim Mrs. Suhaniza binti Razali Mrs. Zalina binti Razali Photographer Mr. Roslee bin Halip 31st Scientific Conference of Microscope Society Malaysia (31 SCMSM 2023)
7 OVERALL SCHEDULE Time 17 DECEMBER 2023 (SUNDAY) 16.00 – 18.30 Pre-Registration Time 18 DECEMBER 2023 (MONDAY) 07:45 – 08:15 Registration 08:15 – 08.40 Welcoming Remarks and Officiating Speech 08.40 - 10.00 Keynote Session 10.00 - 10.15 Photo Session 10.15 - 10.30 Tea Break & Networking 10:30 – 12.00 Invited Session 12:00 – 13.00 Parallel Session (I) 13.00 – 14.00 Lunch Break & Networking 14.00 - 15.30 Parallel Session (II) 15.30 – 15.45 Tea Break & Networking 15.45 – 17.30 Parallel Session (III) 17.30 – 18.00 Net Working 20:00 – 22:30 Conference Gala Dinner & Alumni Appreciation Event (Awards Announcement & Closing Ceremony) Time 18 DECEMBER 2023 (MONDAY) 11.00 – 15.00 Poster & Micrograph Competition (SEM, TEM & OM) 31st Scientific Conference of Microscope Society Malaysia (31 SCMSM 2023)
8 18 DECEMBER 2023 (MONDAY) 07:45 – 08:15 Registration Collection of Conference Kit Poster and Micrographic Setup 08:15 - 08:40 National Anthem ‘Negaraku’ Prayer Recitation & Safety Briefing Welcoming Remarks and Officiating Speech by President of Microscopy Society Malaysia Prof. Dr. Ahmad Fauzi Montage Screening of MSM Keynote Session Chairperson: Prof. Dr. Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Noor 08.40 - 09.20 Keynote 1 (Biology): Professor Dato’ Dr. Mohd Hair Bejo Title: Microscopy in the Era of Scientific and 4th Industrial Revolutions for the Wealth and Well-being of Nations 09.20 – 10.00 Keynote 2 (Material): Professor Ir. Dr. Ramesh Singh Title: Processing of Bioceramics for Medical Applications 10.00 – 10.15 Photo Session 10.15 – 10.30 Coffee Break Invited Session Chairperson: Prof. Dr. Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Noor 10.30 – 11.00 Invited Speaker 1: Dr. Abby Soo Mun Teng Hi-Tech Instruments Sdn Bhd Title: Two new Hitachi FE-SEM models: SU8600 Cold FE-SEM and SU8700 Schottky FE-SEM 11.00 – 11.30 Invited Speaker 2: Dr. Nie Xin Thermo Fisher Scientific Title: The Power of Cryo-Electron Microscopy in Biological Research 11.30 – 12.00 Invited Speaker 3: Dr. Muhamad Isyraf Aznam Gaia Science (M) Sdn Bhd Title: Characterization of Nanoelectrical Properties using Advanced AFM-based Modes and Techniques Parallel Session (1) Track A B Venue Mesmera Ballroom 1 Irama 6 12.00 – 12.15 Mat-Oral 01 Mat-Oral 05 12.15 – 12.30 Bio-Oral 01 Bio-Oral 02 12.30 – 12.45 Mat-Oral 03 Mat-Oral 06 12.45 – 13.00 Mat-Oral 04 Mat-Oral 07 13.00 – 14.00 Lunch Break & Networking 31st Scientific Conference of Microscope Society Malaysia (31 SCMSM 2023)
9 18 DECEMBER 2023 (MONDAY) Parallel Session (1I) Track C D Venue Mesmera Ballroom 1 Irama 6 14.00 – 14.15 Mat-Oral 09 Mat -Oral 14 14.15 – 14.30 Mat -Oral 10 Mat -Oral 15 14:30 – 14:45 Bio-Oral 03 Bio-Oral 04 14:45 – 15:00 Mat -Oral 11 Mat -Oral 16 15:00 – 15:15 Mat -Oral 12 Mat -Oral 17 15:15 – 15.30 Mat -Oral 13 Mat -Oral 19 15.30 – 15.45 Tea Break & Net Working Parallel Session (1II) Track E F Venue Mesmera Ballroom 1 Irama 6 15.45 – 16.00 Mat -Oral 20 Mat-Oral 24 16.00 – 16.15 Bio-Oral 05 Bio-Oral 07 16.15 – 16.30 Bio-Oral 06 Bio-Oral 08 16.30 – 16.45 Mat -Oral 21 Mat-Oral 25 16.45 – 17.00 Mat-Oral 22 Mat-Oral 26 17.00 – 17.15 Mat-Oral 23 Mat-Oral 27 17.15 – 17.30 Mat-Oral 28 Mat-Oral 29 17.30 – 18.00 Net Working 20.00 – 22.30 Conference Gala Dinner & Alumni Appreciation Event Travel Grant, Best Poster, Oral & Micrograph Awards Closing Ceremony 31st Scientific Conference of Microscope Society Malaysia (31 SCMSM 2023)
10 PARALLEL SESSION (I) TRACK: A VENUE: MESMERA BALLROOM 1 Chairperson: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tuty Abu Bakar (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia) Assistant: Madam Zurina Marzuki Time ID Abstract Title & Authors 12.00 – 12.15 Mat-Oral 01 Utilizing rice husk waste via cold isostatic pressing (CIP) for water filtration Muhammad Firdaus Muslem, Sufizar Ahmad, Syahmie Sufi Shukor, Fazimah Mat Noor, Azham Azmi, Hamimah Abd Rahman and Azzura Ismail 12.15 – 12.30 Bio-Oral 01 Supergroup F Wolbachia infection of tick cell lines Nurul Naimah Kamal Bahrain, Nurul Aini Husin, Mulya Mustika Sari Zulkifli, Shih Keng Loong, Norhidayu Sahimin, Pouya Hassandarvish and Sazaly Abu Bakar 12.30 – 12.45 Mat-Oral 03 Effect of processing temperature on tensile properties and foam morphology of biocomposites made from rice husk and polyolefin Ulfah Nadia Rahman, Farrah Diyana Zailan, Ruey Shan Chen and Sahrim Ahmad 12.45 – 13.00 Mat-Oral 04 Enhancing TiO2 nanoparticle adhesion to polyester fabric using polyacrylic acid binder Mohammad Nazim Mohd Nizam, Nor Dalila Nor Affandi, Mohd Rozi Ahmad and Noor Najmi Bonnia 31st Scientific Conference of Microscope Society Malaysia (31 SCMSM 2023)
11 TRACK: B VENUE: IRAMA 6 Chairperson: Assoc. Prof. Ts. Dr. Che Nor Aiza Jaafar (Universiti Putra Malaysia) Assistant: Madam Endang Ariffin Time ID Abstract Title & Authors 12.00 – 12.15 Mat-Oral 05 The effect of rice husk ash silica (RHASiO2) composition to the properties of samarium-doped ceria electrolyte Zolhafizi Bin Jaidi, Mohd Azham Bin Azmi, Hamimah Binti Abd Rahman and Mohd Faizal Tukimon 12.15 – 12.30 Bio-Oral 02 Microbial aerosol and particulate matter (PM2.5) in selected university building Muhammad Afiq Mohd Nor, Nurul Bahiyah Abd Wahid , Venusha Segar, Suzita Ramli and Lailatur Rahmi 12.30 – 12.45 Mat-Oral 06 Effect of the printing parameters on the tensile strength and surface roughness of a photopolymer resin using DLP 3D printing Nor Aiman Sukindar, Ahmad Shah Hizam Md Yasir , Muhammad Fikri Zawawi , Shafie Kamaruddin, Mohamad Talhah Al Hafiz and Zulkefle Ismail 12.45 – 13.00 Mat-Oral 07 Influence of thermal input on microstructure and wear properties of surface alloyed DSS with SiC by TIG melting techniques Lailatul Harina Paijan, Mohd Fauzi Mamat, Mohd Hadzley Abu Bakar and Mohd Syafiq Abd Aziz PARALLEL SESSION (I) 31st Scientific Conference of Microscope Society Malaysia (31 SCMSM 2023)
12 TRACK: C VENUE: MESMERA BALLROOM 1 Chairperson: Dr. Yazid Yaakob (Universiti Putra Malaysia) Assistant: Madam Pang Swee Ling Time ID Abstract Title & Authors 14.00 – 14.15 Mat-Oral 09 Enhancing soil quality via microbial treatment with vegetable waste and the inclusion of plastic bags as stabilizing agents Farah ‘Atiqah Abdul Azam, Rohayu bt Che Omar, Rasyikin bte Roslan and Intan Nor Zuliana Baharudin 14.15 – 14.30 Mat-Oral 10 Effect of CuO addition on the properties of barium strontium cobalt ferrite- samarium doped ceria carbonate cathode for solid oxide fuel cell application Muhammad Zul Idzham Abdul Ghani, Hamimah Abd Rahman, Sufizar Ahmad, Azzura Ismail and Shahruddin Mahzan 14:30 – 14:45 Bio-Oral 03 PM2.5 and composition of microbial aerosol in selected biology laboratories Venusha Segar, Nurul Bahiyah Abd Wahid, Muhammad Afiq Mohd Nor, Nor Zila Abd Hamid and Kauselyaa A/P Chandrasagaran 14:45 – 15:00 Mat-Oral 11 Effect of different weight percentage of recovered carbon black (rCB) of waste tire on the structural and morphological properties of graphene oxide (GO) Azra Umairah Anuar, Noor Najmi Bonnia, Noor Dalila Noor Affandi and Norashirene Mohamad Jamil 15:00 – 15:15 Mat-Oral 12 Role of heat treatment parameters on microstructure of TI6AL4V via LPBF Fathin Iliana Jamhari, Farhana Mohd Foudzi, Minhalina Ahmad Buhairi, Norhamidi Muhamad, Intan Fadhlina Mohamed, Abu Bakar Sulong, Nashrah Hani Jamadon and Nabilah Afiqah Mohd Radzuan 15:15 – 15.30 Mat-Oral 13 Fabrication of bi-material micro-sized parts employing hydroxyapatite and zirconia ceramics through two-component micro-powder injection molding process Al Basir, Norhamidi Muhamad and Abu Bakar Sulong PARALLEL SESSION (II) 31st Scientific Conference of Microscope Society Malaysia (31 SCMSM 2023)
13 TRACK: D VENUE: IRAMA 6 Chairperson: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Intan Shameha Abdul Razak (Universiti Putra Malaysia) Assistant: Madam Rosmawati Hashim Time ID Abstract Title & Authors 14.00 – 14.15 Mat-Oral 14 Effect of ball milling on the production of nanocellulose from oil palm-based cellulose Fatiha Ismail, Nur Eliyanti Ali Othman and Noorshamsiana Abdul Wahab 14.15 – 14.30 Mat-Oral 15 Sustainable and novel development of metal matrix composite using scrap aluminium alloy reinforced with scrap borosilicate glass particles by stir casting technique Said Al Oraimi, Pradeep Kumar Krishnan, Anasyida Abu Seman and Zuhailawati Hussain 14:30 – 14:45 Bio-Oral 04 Leaf anatomical and micromorphological systematic significance of Schoutenia Korth. in Peninsular Malaysia Noraini Talip, Nurnida Mohd. Kamal, Mohd. Norfaizal Ghazalli, Che Nurul Aini Che Amri, Ahmad Fitri Zohari and Hamidun Bunawan 14:45 – 15:00 Mat-Oral 16 Influence of different ratios of GDC-SDC on SSC/GDC-SDC dual composite cathode for intermediate solid oxide fuel cells Mohammad Fikrey Roslan, Muhammad Ruzaini Iskandar Mohamad Razal, Shahruddin Mahzan and Hamimah Abd.Rahman 15:00 – 15:15 Mat-Oral 17 Microstructural evolution and hardness properties of Simodified aluminide coating on 304SS via aluminizing: effect of temperature and time Ambali Ibrahim Owolabi, Anasyida Abu Seman, and Tuti KatrinaAbdullah 15:15 – 15.30 Mat-Oral 19 Synthesis and characterisations of iron-doped akermanite ceramics by sol-gel method Yanny Marliana Baba Ismail and Nur Azika Diana Mat Yaki PARALLEL SESSION (II) 31st Scientific Conference of Microscope Society Malaysia (31 SCMSM 2023)
14 TRACK: E VENUE: MESMERA BALLROOM 1 Chairperson: Prof. Dr. Mohd Azmier Ahmad (Universiti Sains Malaysia) Assistant: Madam Zurina Marzuki Time ID Abstract Title & Authors 15.45 – 16.00 Mat-Oral 20 Effect of manganese dopant on the structure and electrical properties of potassium sodium niobate thin film Muhd. Afiq Hafizuddin Azman, Mohd Warikh Abd Rashid, Umar Al-Amani Haji Azlan, Siti Rahmah Shamsuri, Adibah Haneem Mohamad Dom, Shah Rizal Kasim and Maziati Akmal Mat Harttar@Mohd Hatta 16.00 – 16.15 Bio-Oral 05 Determination of the best tissue fixative for spleen, liver and kidney of the red tilapia fish (Oreochromis spp.) Abdul Aziz Ismail, Intan Shameha Abdul Razak, Mohd Fuad Matori and Awang Hazmi Awang Junaidi 16.15 – 16.30 Bio-Oral 06 A sustainable cultivation of microalgae on fruit wastes: A comprehensive review Kauselyaa Chandrasagaran, Natanamurugaraj Govindan, Gaanty Pragas Maniam and Shakinaz Desa 16.30 – 16.45 Mat-Oral 21 Study of CNTS dispersion in ceramic for surface and mechanical properties enhancement Yazid Yaakob, Kar Fei Chan, Aflah Abdul Aziz, Muhammad Izzat Muktar and Md Shuhazlly Mamat 16.45 – 17.00 Mat-Oral 22 Clay modification analysis on gua sagu potsherds using non-destructive quartz grain three dimensional (3D) digital microscopy imaging Ahmad Syahir Zulkipli1 and Suresh Narayanen 17.00 – 17.15 Mat-Oral 23 The influence of dispersion strengthening on the hardness and wear behaviour of titanium carbide metal matrix composite fabricated using TIG and laser processes - A Review Md Abdul Maleque, Ahmed Nazrin Md Idris and Azmah Hanim Mohamed Ariff 17.15 – 17.30 Mat-Oral 28 Physicochemical properties and application of nickel nanoparticles immobilized on pristine filter paper and modified filter paper: A comparative study Tan Shi Nin, Yuen Mei Lian, Ros Azlinawati Ramli and Muhammad Farid Rafiq Abdul Manaf PARALLEL SESSION (III) 31st Scientific Conference of Microscope Society Malaysia (31 SCMSM 2023)
15 TRACK: F VENUE: IRAMA 6 Chairperson: Dr. Sam Sung Ting (Universiti Malaysia Perlis) Assistant: Madam Endang Ariffin Time ID Abstract Title & Authors 15.45 – 16.00 Mat-Oral 24 Effect of simultaneous addition of praseodymium (Pr) and antimony (Sb) on microstructural and mechanical properties of AL-15%Mg2Si in-situ composite Zuu Ann Lim, Hamidreza Ghandvar and Tuty Asma Abu Bakar 16.00 – 16.15 Bio-Oral 07 Histopathological and ultrastructural characterization of skeletal muscle in a Malaysian patient with Thomsen congenital myotonia Nurul Huda Musa, Abdul Hanif Khan Yusof Khan, Marina L. Kennerson, Kum Thung Wong, Huzlinda Hussin, Fadzrul Abbas Mohamed Ramlee and Karuppiah Thilakavathy 16.15 – 16.30 Bio-Oral 08 Uncovering the pathology of Dupuytren's contracture through electron microscopy and histopathological analyses: A case report Shankar Aissvarya, King-Hwa Ling, Manohar Arumugam and Karuppiah Thilakavathy 16.30 – 16.45 Mat-Oral 25 A study of dense/porous ceramic layers with different carbon black contents Maziah Borhanuddin, Mohamed Lokman Jalaluddin, Umar AlAmani Azlan and Mohd Warikh Abd Rashid 16.45 – 17.00 Mat-Oral 26 Investigation on mechanical and thermal properties of poly(latic acid) (PLA)/hydroxyapatite (FsHA) composite toughened with natural rubber Santhiya Peremel, Che Nor Aiza Jaafar, Ismail Zainol, Mohd Khairol Anuar Mohd Ariffin, Muhammad Affan Ishak and Ruey Shan Chen 17.00 – 17.15 Mat-Oral 27 Isotherm and kinetic analysis for the adsorption of bisphenol s onto tea stalk based activated carbon Erniza Mohd Johan Jaya, Mohamad Firdaus Mohamad Yusop, Anis Atikah Ahmad and Mohd Azmier Ahmad 17.15 – 17.30 Mat-Oral 29 Effect of calcination on the bioacticity of hydroxyapatite (HAp) from black tilapia fish scale Muhamad Zaki Jaffri , Hasan Zuhudi Abdullah and Maizlinda Izwana Idris PARALLEL SESSION (III) 31st Scientific Conference of Microscope Society Malaysia (31 SCMSM 2023)
16 Poster ID Abstract Title & Authors Mat-Poster-01 Evaluation Of Chitosan Composite Coating For Microbial Influenced Corrosion Protection For Low Carbon Substrates: Contact Angle Measurement And Adhesion Property Mohd Fauzi Mamat, Zaharah Ibrahim, Rohah Ab Majid, Lailatul Harina Paijan, Mohd Hadzley Abu Bakar, Mohd Basri Ali and Nor Ana Rosli Mat-Poster-02 Profitable use of waste annona citrullus lannatus and musa acuminate peel extract as an green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in aggressive acid solutions Mohd Fauzi Mamat, Muhammad Alif Adam, Lailatul Harina Paijan, Mohd Hadzley Abu Bakar, Mohd Basri Ali and Muhammad Safwan Ismail and Abdillah Sani Mohd Najib Mat-Poster-03 The effect of nanoclay filler on mechanical and thermal properties of recycled polypropylene / virgin polypropylene Engku Zaharah Engku Zawawi, Alim Amri Juraime, Nik Noor Idayu Nik Ibrahim, Hairani Tahir and Noor Najmi Bonnia Mat-Poster-05 The effect of eco-friendly chemical treatment on mechanical properties of pineapple leaf fibre palf using weibull analysis Zaleha Mustafa, Amirah Ain Asyiqin Sappa, Syahriza Ismail and Siti Hajar Sheikh Md Fadzullah Mat-Poster-06 (Mat-Oral 30) Fabrication of Silica Water Filter From Rice Husk Waste Product via Slip Casting Method Muhammad Syahmie Sufi Abdul Shukor, Sufizar Ahmad, Hamimah Abd. Rahman, Shahruddin Mahzan, Mohd. Azham Azmi, Azzura Ismail and Muhammad Firdaus Mat-Poster-07 Synthesis and Surface Modification of Iron Oxide-CNT Nanocomposite for Potential Application in Photocatalysis Syahriza Ismail, Noor Irinah Omar, Faisal Budiman and Mohd Fadhil Majnis Mat-Poster-08 Effect of electrodeposition current density on the surface morphology and tribological behaviour of nickel-recycled quarry dust Intan Sharhida Othman, Anis Anizah Mohammad Baba, Rose Farahiyan Munawar, Jariah Mohamad Juoi, Liew Pay Jun and Syahrul Azwan Sundi@ Suandi Mat-Poster-09 Microstructure and phase analysis of plasma sprayed TiO2 coating on mild steel substrate Toibah Abd Rahim, Brandon Kua Li Sheng, Ng Shih Chien, Noor Irinah Omar, Yusliza Yusuf and Ilyani Akmar Abu Bakar Mat-Poster-10 Variation in calcination temperature of cockle shell-derived calcium oxide for biomedical applications Nursyazwani Zulkefli, Eliza M. Yusup, Zulkefli Daud and Muhd Syahmi Sufi Shukor POSTER PRESENTATION 31st Scientific Conference of Microscope Society Malaysia (31 SCMSM 2023)
17 Poster ID Abstract Title & Authors Mat-Poster-11 Adsorption of amoxicillin by orange peel based activation carbon: Isotherm and kinetic studies Mohamad Firdaus Mohamad Yusop, Erniza Mohd Johan Jaya, Muhamad Azman Miskam and Mohd Azmier Ahmad Mat-Poster-12 Synthesis of tea stalk based activated carbon via chemical activation for scavenging Zn(ii) ions in aqueous solution Erniza Mohd Johan Jaya, Mohamad Firdaus Mohamad Yusop, Azduwin Khasri and Mohd Azmier Ahmad Mat-Poster-13 A Review on Natural and Synthetic Polymer based Embolic Agents as Anti-Cancer Embolotherapy Application Wan Ahmad Mustaqim Ahmad Zakhi and Maizlinda Izwana Idris Mat-Poster-14 Antibacterial properties of biogenic bone fillers using green synthesized of silver nanoparticles Ismail Zainol, Mira Azah Najihah Zainurin, Che Nor Aiza Jaafar and Mustafa Mudhafar Mat-Poster-15 Development of polyurethane–silica aerogel composite as thermal insulation material for cryogenic insulation application Ibrahim Nuhu, Wan Fahmin Faiz Wan Ali, Nuha. Awang and Muhammad Azizi Mat Yajid Bio-Poster-02 Impact of glycine L-proline supplementation on mitochondrial densities in vitrified mouse embryos Nina Keterina Hashim, Mimi Sophia Sarbandi, Nor Ashikin Mohamed Noor Khan and Zolkapli Eshak Bio-Poster-03 Characterization and evaluation of polymer thin film composites from rice straw microcrystalline and mushroom chitosan Sam Sung Ting, Maddah Hussain, Noorulnajwa Diyana Yaacob，Siti Nurain Hamimi, Tan Lian See and Tan Wai Kian POSTER PRESENTATION 31st Scientific Conference of Microscope Society Malaysia (31 SCMSM 2023)
18 LIST OF ORAL PRESENTATIONS – BIOLOGY CODE TITTLE PRESENTER Bio-Oral 01 Supergroup F Wolbachia Infection in A Tick Cell Line Nurul Naimah (UM) Bio-Oral 02 Microbial Aerosol and Particulate Matter (Pm2.5) In Lecturers’ Rooms of A Selected University Building Muhammad Afiq Mohd Nor (UPSI) Bio-Oral 03 Pm2.5 And Composition of Microbial Aerosol in Selected Biology Laboratories Venusha Segar (UPSI) Bio-Oral 04 Leaf Anatomical and Micromorphological Systematic Significance of Schoutenia Korth. In Peninsular Malaysia Noraini Talip (UKM) Bio-Oral 05 Determination Of the Best Tissue Fixative for The Histopathology of The Spleen, Liver and Kidney of The Red Tilapia Fish (Oreochromis Spp.) Assoc. Prof. Dr. Intan Shameha (UPM) Bio-Oral 06 A Sustainable Cultivation of Microalgae on Fruit Wastes: A Comprehensive Review Kauselyaa Chandrasagaran (UMP) Bio-Oral 07 Histopathological And Ultrastructural Characterization of Skeletal Muscle in A Malaysian Patient with Thomsen Congenital Myotonia Nurul Huda Musa (UPM) Bio-Oral 08 Uncovering The Pathology of Dupuytren's Contracture Through Electron Microscopy and Histopathological Analyses: A Case Report Aissvarya Shankar (UPM) 31st Scientific Conference of Microscope Society Malaysia (31 SCMSM 2023)
19 LIST OF POSTER PRESENTATIONS – BIOLOGY CODE TITTLE PRESENTER Bio- Poster 02 Impact of Glycine L-Proline Supplementation on Mitochondrial Densities in Vitrified Mouse Embryos Nina Keterina Hashim (UTM) Bio- Poster 03 Characterization And Evaluation of Polymer Thin Film Composites from Rice Straw Microcrystalline and Mushroom Chitosan Dr. Sam Sung Ting (UNIMAP) 31st Scientific Conference of Microscope Society Malaysia (31 SCMSM 2023)
20 LIST OF ORAL PRESENTATIONS – MATERIAL CODE TITTLE PRESENTER Mat-Oral 01 Utilizing Rice Husk Waste Via Cold Isostatic Pressing (Cip) For Water Filtration Muhammad Firdaus (UTHM) Mat-Oral 03 Effect Of Processing Temperature On Tensile Properties And Foam Morphology Of Biocomposites Made From Rice Husk And Polyolefin Ulfah Nadia Rahman (UKM) Mat-Oral 04 Enhancing Tio2 Nanoparticle Adhesion To Polyester Fabric Using Polyacrylic Acid Binder Mohammad Nazim (UITM) Mat-Oral 05 The Effect Of Rice Husk Ash Silica (Rhasio2) Composition To The Properties Of SamariumDoped Ceria Electrolyte Zolhafizi Jadi (UTHM) Mat-Oral 06 Effect Of The Printing Parameters On The Tensile Strength And Surface Roughness Of A Photopolymer Resin Using Dlp 3d Printing Nor Aiman Sukindar (Uni Brunei) Mat-Oral 07 Influence Of Thermal Input On Microstructure And Wear Properties Of Surface Alloyed Dss With Sic By Tig Melting Techniques Ir. Ts. Dr. Lailatul Harina (UTEM) Mat-Oral 09 Enhancing Soil Quality Via Microbial Treatment With Vegetable Waste And The Inclusion Of Plastic Bags As Stabilizing Agents Farah Atiqah (UNITEN) Mat-Oral 10 Effect Of Cuo Addition On The Properties Of Barium Strontium Cobalt Ferrite- Samarium Doped Ceria Carbonate Cathode For Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Application Muhammad Zul Idzham (UTHM) Mat-Oral 11 Effect Of Different Weight Percentage Of Recovered Carbon Black (Rcb) Of Waste Tire On The Structural And Morphological Properties Of Graphene Oxide (Go) Azra Umairah Anuar (UITM) Mat-Oral 12 Role Of Heat Treatment Parameters On Microstructure Of Ti6al4v Via Lpbf Fathin Iliana (UKM) 31st Scientific Conference of Microscope Society Malaysia (31 SCMSM 2023)
21 CODE TITTLE PRESENTER Mat-Oral 13 Fabrication Of Bi-Material Micro-Sized Parts Employing Hydroxyapatite And Zirconia Ceramics Through Two-Component Micro-Powder Injection Molding Process Prof. Dr. Abu Bakar Sulong (UKM) Mat-Oral 14 Effect Of Ball Milling On The Production Of Nanocellulose From Oil Palm-Based Cellulose Dr. Fatiha Ismail (MPOB) Mat-Oral 15 Sustainable And Novel Development Of Metal Matrix Composite Using Scrap Aluminium Alloy Reinforced With Scrap Borosilicate Glass Particles By Stir Casting Technique Dr. Pradeep Kumar Krishnan (NUST, Oman) Mat-Oral 16 Influence Of Different Ratios Of Gdc-Sdc On Ssc/Gdc-Sdc Dual Composite Cathode For Intermediate Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Mohammad Fikrey (UTHM) Mat-Oral 17 Microstructural Evolution And Hardness Properties Of Si-Modified Aluminide Coating On 304 Ss Via Slurry Aluminizing: Effect Of Temperature And Time Ambali Ibrahim (USM) Mat-Oral 19 Synthesis And Characterisations of Iron-Doped Akermanite Ceramics By Sol-Gel Method Ts. Dr. Yanny Marliana (USM) Mat-Oral 20 Effect Of Manganase Dopant on The Structure And Electrical Properties Of Potassium Sodium Niobate Thin Film Muhd. Afiq Hafizuddin (UTEM) Mat-Oral 21 Study Of Cnts Dispersion in Ceramic For Surface And Mechanical Properties Enhancement Yazid Yaakob (UPM) Mat-Oral 22 Clay Modification Analysis on Gua Sagu Potsherds Using Non-Destructive Quartz Grain Three Dimensional (3d) Digital Microscopy Imaging Ahmad Syahir (USM) Mat-Oral 23 The Influence of Dispersion Strengthening On Hardness And Wear Behaviour Of Titanium Carbide Metal Matrix Composite Fabricated Using Tig And Laser Processes - A Review Ahmed Nazrin (IIUM) 31st Scientific Conference of Microscope Society Malaysia (31 SCMSM 2023)
22 CODE TITTLE PRESENTER Mat-Oral 24 Effect Of Simultaneous Addition Of Praseodymium (Pr) And Antimony (Sb) On Microstructural And Mechanical Properties Of Al-15%Mg2si In-Situ Composite Prof. Dr. Tuty Asma (UTM) Mat-Oral 25 A Study Of Dense/Porous Ceramic Layers With Different Carbon Black Contents Maziah Borhanuddin (CIAST) Mat-Oral 26 Investigation On Morphology, Mechanical And Thermal Properties Of Poly (Latic Acid) (Pla)/Hydroxyapatite (Fsha) Composite Toughened With Natural Rubber Santhiya Peremel (UPM) Mat-Oral 27 Isotherm And Kinetic Analysis for The Adsorption of Bisphenol S Onto Tea Stalk Based Activated Carbon Erniza Mohd Johan Jaya (USM) Mat-Oral 28 Physicochemical Properties And Application Of Nickel Nanoparticles Immobilized On Pristine Filter Paper And Modified Filter Paper: A Comparative Study Tan Shi Nin (UMP) Mat-Oral 29 Effect Of Calcination On The Bioacticity Of Hydroxyapatite (Hap) From Black Tilapia Fish Scale Prof. Dr. Hasan Zuhudi (UTHM) Mat-Oral 30 Fabrication Of Silica Water Filter From Rice Husk Waste Product Via Slip Casting Method Muhammad Syahmie Sufi (UTHM) 31st Scientific Conference of Microscope Society Malaysia (31 SCMSM 2023)
23 LIST OF POSTER PRESENTATIONS – MATERIAL CODE TITTLE PRESENTER Mat-Poster 01 Evaluation Of Chitosan Composite Coating For Microbial Influenced Corrosion Protection For Low Carbon Substrates: Contact Angle Measurement And Adhesion Property Ts. Dr. Mohd Fauzi Mamat (UTEM) Mat-Poster 02 Profitable Use Of Waste Annona Citrullus Lannatus And Musa Acuminate Peel Extract As An Green Corrosion Inhibitor For Mild Steel In Aggressive Acid Solutions Ts. Dr. Mohd Fauzi Mamat (UTEM) Mat-Poster 03 The Effect Of Nanoclay Filler On Mechanical And Thermal Properties Of Recycled Polypropylene / Virgin Polypropylene Engku Zaharah (UITM) Mat-Poster 05 The Effect Of Eco-Friendly Chemical Treatment On Mechanical Properties Of Pineapple Leaf Fibre Palf Using Weibull Analysis Zaleha Mustafa (UTEM) Mat-Poster 06 (Mat-Oral 30) Fabrication Of Silica Water Filter From Rice Husk Waste Product Via Slip Casting Method Muhammad Syahmie Sufi (UTHM) Mat-Poster 07 Synthesis And Surface Modification Of Iron OxideCnt Nanocomposite For Potential Application In Photocatalysis Dr. Syahriza Ismail (UTEM) Mat-Poster 08 Effect Of Electrodeposition Current Density On The Surface Morphology And Tribological Behaviour Of Nickel-Recycled Quarry Dust Composite Coatings Intan Sharhida Othman (UTEM) Mat-Poster 09 Microstructure And Phase Analysis Of Plasma Sprayed Tio2 Coating On Mild Steel Substrate Toibah Abdul Rahim (UTEM) 31st Scientific Conference of Microscope Society Malaysia (31 SCMSM 2023) 31st Scientific Conference of Microscope Society Malaysia (31 SCMSM 2023)
24 CODE TITTLE PRESENTER Mat-Poster 11 Adsorption Of Amoxicillin By Orange Peel Based Activation Carbon: Isotherm And Kinetic Studies Prof. Dr. Mohd Azmier Ahmad (USM) Mat-Poster 12 Synthesis Of Tea Stalk Based Activated Carbon Via Chemical Activation For Scavenging Zn (Ii) Ions In Aqueous Solution Erniza Mohd Johan Jaya (USM) Mat-Poster 13 A Review on Natural and Synthetic Polymer based Embolic Agents as Anti-Cancer Embolotherapy Application Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mazlinda Izwana (UTHM) Mat-Poster 14 Antibacterial Properties Of Biogenic Bone Fillers Using Green Synthesized Of Silver Nanoparticles Prof. Dr. Ismail Zainol (UPSI) Mat-Poster 15 Development Of Polyurethane–Silica Aerogel Composite As Thermal Insulation Material For Cryogenic Insulation Application Assoc. Prof. Dr. Muhammad Azizi (UTM) 31st Scientific Conference of Microscope Society Malaysia (31 SCMSM 2023)
25 PROFESSOR DATO’ DR MOHD HAIR BIN BEJO DVM, PhD, FASc, FMCVS (Professor of Veterinary and Avian Pathology) Professor Dato’ Dr Mohd Hair bin Bejo obtained his Doctor of Veterinary Medicine from Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) in 1985 and PhD in the field of Veterinary Pathology at the University of Liverpool, England in 1990. In 1993, he did his post doctorate training in the field of Avian Medicine and Avian Pathology at the University of Georgia, Athens, USA. He is the former Dean of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UPM (2012 to 2019) and Director, Putra Science Park, UPM (2020 to 2022). He is currently a Fellow of the Academy Sciences of Malaysia (FASc), Founding Fellow and President of Malaysian College of Veterinary Specialists, the President of Association of Institutions of Tropical Veterinary Medicine, President of the World's Poultry Science Association (Malaysia Branch) and a member of Executive Board MyOHUN. He is the former President Electron Microscopy Society Malaysia (1998 to 2003). In 2005 and 2015 he has successfully commercialised MyVAC UPM93 and MyHatch UPM93 IBD Vaccine for chickens, respectively for national and international markets. His new inactivated FAdV vaccine is under field trials. He is also actively involving on the development of COVID-19 vaccines using inactivated and recombinant technologies. He has 12 Intellectual Property including seven patents, one trademark, copyright and trade secret. He has Scopus h-index of 33, total citations of 3754 and published 218 papers in journals. He was awarded International (USD2.6 million), national (RM5.5 million) and industrial (RM5.0 million) projects / research grants as Principal Investigator. Under his supervision 54 PhDs, 46 Masters and 69 final year project students were successfully completed and graduated. He was bestowed with several awards such as Merdeka Award (Health Science and Technology) 2018, Dato' - Sultan Sharafuddin Idris Shah (2018), the National Academic Award for being the top national inventor (2011), the World Veterinary Poultry Association – Merial Innovation in Vaccine Award (2016) and a Public Sector Quality Award 2008. In 2012, he was recognized as one of the Top Research Scientists Malaysia by Academy of Sciences Malaysia. 31st Scientific Conference of Microscope Society Malaysia (31 SCMSM 2023)
26 MICROSCOPY IN THE ERA OF SCIENTIFIC AND 4TH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONS FOR THE WEALTH AND WELL-BEING OF NATIONS Mohd Hair-Bejo Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Correspondence: [email protected] The invention of a compound and electron microscopes (EM) in 1590 and 1931, respectively have opened a window to look more closely at objects, seeing beyond what is visible with the naked eye. The light and EMs are the most prominent tools and technologies, as it is basic to the ubiquitous tendency of modern technology toward miniaturization: to operate at smaller and smaller till at nanoscopic levels. Microscopy is needed for industry, academia, and research institutes with the advancements in science and technology in the era of the 4th industrial revolution (4IR) and in the future. Microscopy is vital for diagnosis, structural biology, virology, cryobiology, cryo-electron microscopy, X-ray crystallography, pathogenesis of diseases, toxicology, molecular biology and biotechnology, cellular tomography, protein localization, article analysis, pharmaceutical, 3D tissue imaging and nanotechnology. Microscopy play a vital role in high impact research, enhances of invention and innovation. In the era of 4IR microscopy has high potential benefit for efficiency and productivity gains, new business opportunities and value creation, and improve quality of life and the environment. Despite embracing 4IR, it is timely that microscopy includes within a recently introduced Science, Technology, Innovation and Economic (STIE) development plan, known as the 10- 10 MySTIE Framework, designed to help Malaysia move up the global innovation value chain once it is powered by a strong supportive ecosystem and the utilisation of frontier technologies eventually leverage our country socio-economic drivers. Microscopy development and activity priorities should continue to be aligned and integrated to the sustainable development goals (SDGs) (2015) and the National 4IR Policy (2021) for the wealth and well-being of nations. Keywords: Microscopy, scientific and fourth industrial revolutions (4IR), invention and innovation, high impact research, wealth and well-being of nations, 10-10 MySTIE Framework 31st Scientific Conference of Microscope Society Malaysia (31 SCMSM 2023)
27 PROFESSOR IR. DR. RAMESH SINGH A/L KULDIP SINGH Deputy Vice-Chancellor (Development) Universiti Malaya Professor Ir. Dr. Ramesh Singh is a Senior Professor of Mechanical and Materials Engineering at the University of Malaya. He received his PhD in Advanced Materials (1997) and Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering (Hons) – First Class (1994), both from the University of Sunderland, UK. He has received many accolades as a distinguished professor and have a strong track record in administration, teaching, and research. He has served for two terms as an Associate Director for the Engineering Accreditation Department, Board of Engineers Malaysia and is serving in numerous capacities as a consultant, external examiner, expert advisor, reviewer, editorial board members and visiting professor. Ramesh has made over 450 scientific publications, including nearly 240 peer-reviewed research papers, and has completed the supervision of more than 85 postgraduate research students. He has received research funding of more than USD$ 4 million and more than 90 research awards including the prestigious Young Engineer Award from the Institution of Engineers Malaysia and the Malaysia Toray Science Foundation (MTSF)-Science & Technology Award in recognition for his outstanding research achievement. He is a Fellow of the Academy of Sciences Malaysia, Fellow of the Institution of Engineers Malaysia, Fellow of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers UK and Fellow of the Institution of Engineers Australia. He is a Chartered Engineer (UK), Chartered Professional Engineer (Australia) and a Professional Engineer (Malaysia). Ramesh’s research interest includes development of specialty ceramics and composites for mechanical and biomedical applications, laser welding of metal alloys, powder metallurgy, mechanical behavior of materials, materials characterization, failure analysis, corrosion and degradation of engineering materials, and engineering education. PROCESSING OF BIOCERAMICS FOR MEDICAL APPLICATIONS In this lecture, the presentation shall focus on the processing of calcium phosphate bioceramic using the chemical route compared to the conversion from biogenic source. In addition, the efficacy of microwave processing on the properties of the produced ceramics. The talk will also touch on some of the aspects of using zirconia as a biomaterial for clinical application. 31st Scientific Conference of Microscope Society Malaysia (31 SCMSM 2023)
28 Dr. Abby Soo Mun Teng Company: Hi-Tech Instruments Sdn Bhd Technical PA (to MD) & Application Specialist Email : [email protected] Dr. Abby received her Bachelor of Engineering with Honours degree from University of Malaya (UM) and Master of Science degree in Materials Engineering from Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). Dr. Abby continued her research at The University of Queensland (UQ), Australia and obtained her Ph.D. degree in Materials Engineering in 2017. She optimized the growth of different types of III-V nanowires using MOCVD and applied different analysis techniques in EM, such as TEM, STEM, EDX, SAED, CBED, EELS and Cs-Corrected STEM to study the growth mechanism of those 1D-nanomaterials. Between the year 2015 to 2017, she was a staff member at the Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis (CMM), University of Queensland to provide analytical TEM training, for the researchers from both academic and industry. In 2018, she joined Hi-Tech Instruments as a Technical PA (to Managing Director) and Application Specialist, to oversee various projects and provide technical solution, especially in the area of advanced imaging and characterization, for the customers. 31st Scientific Conference of Microscope Society Malaysia (31 SCMSM 2023)
29 TWO NEW HITACHI FE-SEM MODELS: SU8600 COLD FE-SEM AND SU8700 SCHOTTKY FE-SEM Dr Abby Soo Mun Teng and Tay Khoon Yang (Hi-Tech Instruments Sdn. Bhd. 19, Jalan BP 4/8, Bandar Bukit Puchong, 47120 Puchong, Selangor, Malaysia.) FE-SEM are powerful instruments that provide not only ultra-high-resolution images, but alsoa plethora of analytical, compositional and morphological information. FE-SEMs are used in wide range of fields including nanotechnology, semiconductor, electronics, life sciences, materialsciences, and more. Today, materialsintegration technology demandslarge amountsof data in a short amount of time with minimal input has become crucial. To address this, theHitachi FE-SEMs are designed with automated functions in order to support the acquisition ofsuperb data in vast quantities with utmost efficiency. The SU8600 utilises an ultra-stable cold-field emission source to enable exceptional lowenergy imaging for fine structural analysis as well as ultra-high-resolution observation of beamsensitive materials like polymers. Conversely, the SU8700 employs a Schottky fieldemissionsource to better address analytical requirements such as EBSD analysis on ceramics or metals. Automatic Data Acquisition Both the SU8600 and SU8700 now integrate functionality to automate observation condition adjustment processes, creating simple, stable, high-throughput and repeatable operation. In addition, an optional EM Flow Creator feature which enables automatic data acquisition according to user-specific conditions and steps to allow large-scale data sets to be acquired easily, efficiently and automatically. More information + Better results This product line permits the display as well as capture of up to six detector signals simultaneously allowing users to collect more information in less time. Field of view (FOV) is important for maximizing data acquisition and resolution; therefore, themaximum number of pixels has been expanded to 40,960 x 30,720 pixels to enable detailed evaluation of numerous regions of interest and localised microstructures using just a single image. Enhanced signal detection capabilities New high response speed backscattered electron detector (OCD) has been improved to increase throughput. Also, the specimen chamber isstructured in optimum condition to allow EDS analysis atshort analytical WD, improving the spatial resolution of the technique and making it possible to thoroughly analyse even smaller features with greater comprehension. FE-SEM: Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope EBSD: Electron Backscattered Diffraction. A method used for orientation analysis of crystalline samples EDS: Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy WD: working distance 31st Scientific Conference of Microscope Society Malaysia (31 SCMSM 2023)
30 Dr. Nie Xin (聂新) Senior Product Specialist, APAC Electron Microscopy for Life Science Materials & Structural Analysis DivisionThermo Fisher Scientific Email: [email protected] Dr. Nie is a Life Science Product Specialist at Thermofisher Scientific, specializing in Cryo Electron Microscopy (CryoEM) workflow applications, including single particle analysis, Cryo tomography, and Micro-Electron Diffraction. With extensive experience in CryoEM, Dr. Nie has successfully assisted various customers across APAC. Based in Singapore, Dr. Nie is responsible for driving Thermo Fisher's life sciences electron microscopy business development and growth in APAC for academia and pharma. Before joining Thermofisher Scientific, Dr. Nie worked as a research scientist at the National University of Singapore and Temasek Lifescience Laboratory, focusing on in vivo chromatin organization using CryoEM and molecular approaches. THE POWER OF CRYO-ELECTRON MICROSCOPY IN BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH Cryo-Electron Microscopy (CryoEM) stands as a transformative force in structural biology, offering atomic-level insights into biomolecules. Beyond visualizing macromolecular complexes and viruses, CryoEM finds broad applications, impacting diverse fields. In this talk, we will explore the versatility of CryoEM, showcasing its role in overcoming challenges associated with membrane proteins and macromolecular complexes. By directly imaging biomolecular structures in their native states, CryoEM accelerates our understanding of molecular interactions, fostering advancements across various scientific domains. Also, we will discuss CryoEM's crucial role in visualizing dynamic structures, from viral antigens to cellular components, contributing to a deeper understanding of biological systems. This transformative technology opens new avenues for research, shaping the future of structural biology and beyond. 31st Scientific Conference of Microscope Society Malaysia (31 SCMSM 2023)
31 Dr. Muhamad Isyraf Bin Aznam Gaia Science (M) Sdn Bhd Application Specialist Dr Muhamad Isyraf Bin Aznam, an experienced Application Specialist, merges technical knowledge with a passion for user-friendly solutions. He is a practical and versatile Mechanical Engineer with over seven years of experience in research and development. Additionally, he excels in a variety of characterization and analytical techniques, particularly in atomic force microscopy (AFM), yielding meaningful information. His proficient history encompasses various technical roles, ensuring a pragmatic approach to project or research implementation. Holding an advanced degree in material sciences, Dr. Isyraf aims to educate audiences on utilizing AFM technology as an effective method for in-depth material analysis, catering to researchers with diverse backgrounds. CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOELECTRICAL PROPERTIES USING ADVANCED AFM-BASED MODES AND TECHNIQUES The presentation delves into the characterization of nanoelectrical properties through the utilization of advanced Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) modes and techniques. Exploring the intricate realm of nanoscale electrical phenomena, the researches discussed employs cuttingedge AFM methodologies to scrutinize and understand the electrical behavior of materials at the nanoscale. By leveraging sophisticated AFM-based modes, the investigation aims to unravel intricate details related to surface charges, conductivity, and other electrical attributes on a minute scale. The studies not only contribute to the evolving field of nanotechnology but also provides insights that could impact various industries, from electronics to materials science. The comprehensive analysis of nanoelectrical properties is poised to enhance our comprehension of materials at the nanoscale, offering valuable knowledge for the development of next-generation electronic devices and nanomaterial applications. Advanced AFM mode stands at the forefront of advancing our ability to manipulate and engineer materials with unprecedented precision, opening avenues for innovations in the burgeoning field of nanoelectronics. 31st Scientific Conference of Microscope Society Malaysia (31 SCMSM 2023)
32 Bio-Oral 01 SUPERGROUP F WOLBACHIA INFECTION IN A TICK CELL LINE Nurul Naimah Kamal Bahrain1,2 , Nurul Aini Husin1,2 , Mulya Mustika Sari Zulkifli1 , Shih Keng Loong,1 , Norhidayu Sahimin1*, Pouya Hassandarvish1 , and Sazaly AbuBakar1 1Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre, Level 2, High Impact Research Building, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. 2 Institute for Advanced Studies, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia. *[email protected]; [email protected] Abstract Wolbachia has continuously gained recognition among researchers due to its ability to reduce the transmission of arboviruses by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Thus, it has been utilised in dengue virus control programs. This bacterium is classified into lineages known as supergroups. Supergroup F, which typically infects both arthropods and filariae, is generally less common than the major Supergroup A and B. Here, we present the microscopic result of Wolbachia supergroup F (wCfeF) infection cell lines derived from a tick genus; ISE6 which is derived from Ixodes scapularis, a black-legged tick which is the primary vector of Lyme disease, anaplasmosis and babesiosis. The presence of the bacteria in 0, 1-, 7-, 14- and 21-day post-infection was visualised using Giemsa-stained cytocentrifuge. The Giemsa-stained smears were examined under a compound microscope (Nikon Eclipse Si Upright Microscope, Tokyo, Japan) at 1000× magnification to visualize the presence of bacteria. A digital camera (BestScope BHC4-4K8MPB, Beijing, China) and XCamView software were used to capture images of the cells. Duplicate cultures of each cell line were set up, and infected with the cryopreserved wCfeF in their respective medium for each cell line. Comparisons of the Giemsa-stained of the uninfected and infected cells were also noted in which infected cells shrunk and burst, and have a reduced number of cells following severe infection. ISE6 was observed to show cytopathic effects (CPE) following 7 days post-inoculation and death of the cells following 29 days post-inoculation. These findings suggest that tick cells may adapt differently to wCfeF infection, which could explain the tick vector competence. This could also shed light on the effectiveness of endosymbionts, such as Wolbachia, in controlling tick-borne diseases, which is not as well-documented as in mosquitoes for arboviruses control. Keywords: vector-borne diseases; Wolbachia pipientis; infectious diseases; tick cell lines
33 Bio-Oral 02 MICROBIAL AEROSOL AND PARTICULATE MATTER (PM2.5) IN LECTURERS’ ROOMS OF A SELECTED UNIVERSITY BUILDING Muhammad Afiq Mohd Nor1 , Nurul Bahiyah Abd Wahid 1 *, Venusha Segar1 , Suzita Ramli1 and Lailatur Rahmi2 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia. 2Department of Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universitas Negeri Padang, 25171 Indonesia. * [email protected] Abstract Exposure to indoor air pollution can cause various health issues, including respiratory diseases, and cancer. Buildings affect overall well-being because people spend most of their time inside. The aims of this study are to investigate the microbial aerosol as well as the concentration of particulate matter (PM2.5) in a selected university building. The data was collected from three lecturers’ rooms (Room A, B and C). The microbial aerosol was collected using a microbial air sampler, whereas Total Bacterial Count (TBC) and Total Fungi Count (TFC) were counted to analyze the colony-forming unit. In addition, PM2.5 was obtained using a low-volume air sampler (LVS), for 8 h at a height of around 1.5 m from ground levels. The Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) was utilized to examine the morphological composition of indoor PM2.5. The findings indicated that Room A showed the highest concentration of TBC (251.43 ± 32.74 cfu m-3 ) and TFC (28.57 ± 2.65 cfu m-3 ) compared to two other rooms. In addition, the TBC showed a significantly higher amount (p<0.05) compared to TFC, for all rooms studied. The average PM2.5 was 0.33 ± 0.15 μgm-3 , and the highest concentration of PM2.5 was recorded from Room A (0.50 ± 0.01 μgm-3 ). Based on the FESEM image, it could be observed that the PM2.5 exhibited distinct variations in terms of their sizes and characteristics with morphologies ranging from rounded to polygonal with distinct geometric. Consequently, the air quality indoors must be clean to maintain the quality of health and improve the productivity of all building occupants as humans spend most of their time indoors. Keywords: PM2.5, microbial aerosol, TBC, TFC, lecturer's room, university building
34 Bio-Oral 03 PM2.5 AND COMPOSITION OF MICROBIAL AEROSOL IN SELECTED BIOLOGY LABORATORIES Venusha Segar1 , Nurul Bahiyah Abd Wahid1*, Muhammad Afiq Mohd Nor1 , Nor Zila Abd Hamid2 and Kauselyaa A/P Chandrasagaran3 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia. 2Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia. 3Algae Culture Collection Center & Laboratory, Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia. * [email protected] Abstract Laboratories' air quality has an impact on employees' and students’ comfort and health. Particulate matter can be regarded as one of the most important and frequently encountered indoor air pollutants. The aims of this study are to measure the concentrations of PM2.5, total bacterial counts (TBC) and total fungal counts (TFC), as well as the morphological structure of PM2.5 in selected laboratories within a university building. The data collection took place in three different laboratories. During the 8-hour sampling session, samples of PM2.5 were collected using a low-volume air sampler (LVS). In addition, airborne microorganisms were collected using a microbial sampler. The morphological structure of PM2.5 was also observed using the Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). Results revealed the average concentration of PM2.5 of 0.56 ± 0.24 μgm-3 , with Lab A (biochemistry laboratory) exhibited the highest concentration (0.83 ± 0.04 μgm-3 ), followed by Lab B and C (microbiology laboratory). The mean values of the TBC for these three laboratories was 88.25 ± 7.81 cfu m-3 with the highest TBC recorded from Lab B (125.71 ± 13.86 cfu m-3 ). However, Lab C showed the highest value of TFC with 42.86 ± 4.58 cfu m-3 . FESEM image revealed that the PM2.5 were of different shapes, and forms with morphologies ranging from rounded to prismatic with distinct geometric faces. As a result, the provision of these amenities guarantees that all individuals inside the premises can effectively carry out their jobs in a conducive environment and in line with the National Policy on the Environment (DASN), which seeks to achieve an environment that is characterized by cleanliness, safety, good health, and suitable conditions for productivity, benefiting both present and future generations. Keywords: PM2.5, microbial aerosol, TBC, TFC, biology laboratory
35 Bio-Oral 04 LEAF ANATOMICAL AND MICROMORPHOLOGICAL SYSTEMATIC SIGNIFICANCE OF Schoutenia Korth. IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA Noraini Talip1* , Nurnida Mohd. Kamal1 , Mohd. Norfaizal Ghazalli2 , Che Nurul Aini Che Amri3 , Ahmad Fitri Zohari1 and Hamidun Bunawan4 1 School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, UKM 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia 2 Programme of Resource Utilisation and Agrobiodiversity Conservation, Agrobiodiversity and Environment Research Centre, 43400, MARDI Serdang, Malaysia. 3Department of Plant Science, Kulliyyah of Science, international islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) Kuantan Campus, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang *[email protected] Abstract An anatomical and micromorphological study of the leaf epidermis was conducted on the Schoutenia from the Tiliaceae family. This genus is also classified in the subfamily Dombeyoideae according to classification based on plastid atpB analysis and rbcL DNA sequence. The objective of the study is to identify similarities and variations in the anatomical and micromorphological characteristics of species to overcome identification problems, especially for species that are difficult to distinguish due to similar morphological characteristics. Anatomical study methods involve specimen collection, sliding microtome slices, epidermal peels, tissue clarification, staining and observation under a light microscope. The method of studying micromorphology of leaf epidermis involves critical point drying, gold coating and observation under a scanning electron microscope. The results of the study show some significant characteristics for the differentiation of Schoutenia species studied, namely wax on the leaf epidermis, adaxial epidermal cuticle ornamentation, the external shape of midrib and leaf margins, the presence of intraxilary phloem and schlerenchyma phloem. Several identified features can be used as diagnostic features to identify the species of Schoutenia studied directly. Therefore, the results of the study clearly show the taxonomic value of the anatomical and micromorphological characteristics of the Schoutenia genus from Malay Peninsular. Keywords: Schoutenia, leaf anatomy, leaf micromorphology, Dombeyoideae, Tiliaceae
36 Bio-Oral 05 DETERMINATION OF THE BEST TISSUE FIXATIVE FOR THE HISTOPATHOLOGY OF THE SPLEEN, LIVER AND KIDNEY OF THE RED TILAPIA FISH (Oreochromis spp.) Abdul Aziz Ismail1 , Intan Shameha Abdul Razak2,*, Mohd Fuad Matori3 , Awang Hazmi Awang Junaidi2 1FFM Farms Sdn. Bhd., Lot 2100 & 765, Mukim Linggi, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia 2Department of Veterinary Preclinical Science 3Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia *[email protected] Abstract Histopathological study of fish has become popular due to its importance in disease diagnosis and determining environmental pollution. In Malaysia, red tilapia fish (Oreochromis spp.) is high in consumption and commonly used species in research. However, there is a dearth of information on the histology protocol particularly the fixative for fish tissues. Thus, this study aims to determine the best fixatives on the kidney, spleen and liver tissues of red tilapia fish. The fish (n=5) were obtained from a commercial farm in Beranang, Selangor. Upon dissection, the organs were harvested and immersed in four different types of fixatives; Bouin’s fluid (B), Davidson’s fluid (D), 10% (BF1) and 20% (BF2) buffered formalin. Then, the samples were processed accordingly before being stained using routine H&E stain and viewed under a microscope with an image analyzer. Five regions of interest per slide were randomly selected and scored on these parameters; overall morphological clarity of nuclei, staining intensity, the integrity of other tissues, lifting of the cartilage, space formation and the ease of sectioning a specimen. The scoring data recorded were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test (p<0.05). Our results showed that BF1 and BF2 solutions are the most suitable fixatives for the spleen. For the liver, B recorded the highest total mean rank of score followed by BF1 and BF2 solutions. Meanwhile, D has the highest total mean rank of the score for the kidney followed by B and BF2 solution. In conclusion, different fixatives are suitable for different types of tissues. In future, it is suggested to deliberate other factors that may influence the fixation of tissues such as the duration, mechanism of fixative penetration, pH, temperature and the ratio of the sample size to fixative volume during the fixation of tissues. Keywords: Bouin’s fluid, Davidson’s fluid, Formalin, spleen, liver, kidney
37 Bio-Oral 06 A SUSTAINABLE CULTIVATION OF MICROALGAE ON FRUIT WASTES: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW Kauselyaa Chandrasagaran1 , Natanamurugaraj Govindan1 , Gaanty Pragas Maniam1 , Shakinaz Desa2 * 1Algae Culture Collection Center & Laboratory, Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Persiaran Lebuh Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract This comprehensive study aims to investigate the effects of nutrients from various fruit wastes, such as orange peels, mango peels, papaya peels, banana peels, and watermelon rinds. The morphological structures of microalgae were analyzed using a fluorescence microscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Cultivating microalgae can be costly, and synthetic medium compositions are not environmentally suitable. Fruit waste, therefore, offers an environmentally friendly solution to this issue by providing a low-cost source of nutrients that are abundant and widely accessible. The composition of fruit waste is rich in macronutrients (K, Ca, Na, P, Mg) and micronutrients (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn). In particular, orange peels have been found to contain the highest concentrations of both macronutrients: phosphorus (40.34 mg kg1 ), potassium (1500 mg kg-1 ), calcium (162.03 mg kg-1 ), sodium (274.77 mg kg-1 ), magnesium (65.98 mg kg-1 ), and micronutrients: iron (19.95 mg kg-1 ), copper (47.25 mg kg-1 ), zinc (14.04 mg kg-1 ), and manganese (1.34 mg kg-1 ) compared to other types of fruit waste, which can supply the necessary building blocks for microalgal growth. Additionally, orange peels contain more protein (5.34 g) and higher carbohydrates (80.27 g), while banana peels have a higher fat content (8.9 g) compared to other fruit peels. This makes orange and mango peels an ideal source of essential nutrients for microalgae growth, enhancing their total nutritional value. This review highlights that fruit waste provides microalgae with access to organic carbon, enabling them to grow more quickly, generate more biomass, and increase photosynthesis output. The utilization of fruit waste could facilitate the sustainability of microalgae in the near future. Keywords: Fruit wastes, microalgae cultivation, macronutrients, micronutrients
38 Bio-Oral 07 HISTOPATHOLOGICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SKELETAL MUSCLE IN A MALAYSIAN PATIENT WITH THOMSEN CONGENITAL MYOTONIA Nurul Huda Musa1,2, Abdul Hanif Khan Yusof Khan1 , Marina L. Kennerson3,4, Kum Thung Wong5 , Huzlinda Hussin1 , Fadzrul Abbas Mohamed Ramlee1 , Karuppiah Thilakavathy1,6* 1Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia; 2Center of Foundation Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Dengkil, 43800 Dengkil, Selangor, Malaysia; 3Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney Local Health District; Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Australia; 4Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Concord Hospital, Concord, Australia; 5Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Jalan University, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 6Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing (MyAgeing), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia. *Corresponding email: [email protected] Abstract Myotonia congenita (MC) is a rare neuromuscular disorder characterized by muscle stiffness and delayed muscle relaxation. It is caused by mutations in the CLCN1 gene, which encodes the major skeletal muscle chloride channel. Two main forms of myotonia congenita have been described; Thomsen disease caused by dominant mutations and Becker disease by recessive mutations. This study aims to determine the histopathological and ultrastructural changes in the skeletal muscle of an MC patient harbouring the reported CLCN1 c.1667T>A (p.I556N) mutation in which reduced penetrance can be observed with this variant. A muscle biopsy was performed on the left bicep brachii of the patient. Fresh muscle tissue was snap-frozen for histochemical analysis and the remaining tissue section (1 x 0.5 cm) was fixed in glutaraldehyde for electron microscopy analyses. Histochemical analyses were conducted using the following stains: hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), modified Gomori trichrome (MGT), NADH tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), cytochrome c oxidase (COX), oil red O, and myosin ATPase (pH 4.3, 4.6 and 9.3). H&E staining revealed an increase in the internal nuclei by 33%, a variation in the diameter of muscle fibers including hypertrophy muscle fibers with a length over 100 μm, and the presence of atrophy fibers. Myosin ATPase analyses revealed a predominance of type II fibers with almost two-thirds (77.8%) of all fibers. All other staining showed normal mitochondrial and lipid content. Ultrastructural analysis by scanning electron microscopy revealed regular striation while the transmission electron microscopy micrograph showed normal Z-streaming lines. In conclusion, this study revealed mild histopathological changes in the muscle of the MC patient carrying a reduced penetrant variant of the CLCN1 gene, which provides valuable insights into the pathophysiology of the disorder associated with this mutation. Keywords: neuromuscular diseases; myotonia congenita; histopathology; electron microscopy; skeletal muscle
39 Bio-Oral 08 UNCOVERING THE PATHOLOGY OF DUPUYTREN'S CONTRACTURE THROUGH ELECTRON MICROSCOPYAND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL ANALYSES: A CASE REPORT Shankar Aissvarya1 , King-Hwa Ling1,2, Manohar Arumugam1 and Karuppiah Thilakavathy1,2* 1Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia,43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 2Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing (MyAgeingTM), Universiti Putra Malaysia,43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia *Corresponding email: [email protected] Abstract Dupuytren's contracture (DC) is a connective tissue disorder characterised byprogressive palmar fascia fibrosis and collagen build-up, resulting in finger contracture.Currently, there is a lack of DC case reports and data on the pathology of DC among Malaysians, despite having varying prevalence across the world. Moreover, the absence of relevant patient data regarding DC and their treatment challenges underscores the need for targeted research into the pathology of DC. This study aimed to describe the pathological features of DC identified through electron microscopy (EM) and histopathological analyses. Tissue specimens from a 67-year-old right-hand-dominant male with bilateral contractures of the hand were obtained during surgery. The specimens were fixed in 1% glutaraldehyde and processed for examination under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Additionally, tissue specimens were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson’s trichrome (MT) and Van Gieson’s (VG) andexamined for both cellularity and collagen staining characteristics. The SEM analysis exhibitedthe presence of fibrous-fibrillar networks and cylindrical collagen fibres, forming semi-circularand circular end coils. The TEM analysis demonstrated the presence of myofibroblasts with indented nuclei and numerous collagen chains. H&E showed moderate cellularity with abundant collagen fibrosis in the tissue. The tissue was stained blue throughout the MT stain indicating increased collagen deposition. Furthermore, the VG stain demonstrated minimal proliferation of elastic fibres in the tissue. In conclusion, the significant presence of myofibroblasts and tightly interwoven helical fibres illustrated in the tissue indicates the patientto be in stage II, the active stage of DC. These findings may enhance the understanding of thepathomorphological characteristics of DC and improve treatment strategies for patients in Malaysia and globally. Keywords: Dupuytren’s contracture, electron microscopy, histopathology, connective tissue
40 Bio- Poster 02 IMPACT OF GLYCINE L-PROLINE SUPPLEMENTATION ON MITOCHONDRIAL DENSITIES IN VITRIFIED MOUSE EMBRYOS Nina Keterina Hashim1,2, Mimi Sophia Sarbandi1,3 , Nor Ashikin Mohamed Noor Khan1 , Zolkapli Eshak4 1 Maternofetal and Embryo Research Group (MatE), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor Branch, Sungai Buloh Campus, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia 2 Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor Branch, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia 3 Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak Branch, Tapah Campus, 35400 Tapah Road, Perak, Malaysia 4 Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor Branch, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia * Correspondence: Mimi Sophia Sarbandi ([email protected]) Abstract In Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART), vitrification is a crucial step in cryopreserving embryos for use in research. Nevertheless, the procedure can expose embryos to cryogenic stress, which can negatively affect intracellular organelles, such as mitochondria. Amino acids play a crucial role in facilitating the regeneration of mitochondria in post thawed embryos through the process of protein synthesis. Glycine and L-proline are amino acids that have the ability to alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction and provide protection. In this study, the effect of glycine and L-proline supplementation on mitochondrial function in vitrified and nonvitrified embryos. In both the non-vitrified and the vitrified groups, 2-cell embryos were cultured in vitro with and without glycine-L-proline until the blastocyst stage. Eight-cell embryos were immunofluorescently stained for mitochondrial intensity. The results of the study show that the addition of glycine-L-proline to the media resulted in a higher percentage of blastocysts in both the non-vitrified (91.5% vs. 63.3%) and the vitrified (87.2% vs. 84.3%) groups, compared to media without glycine-L-proline supplementation. The addition of glycine-L-proline to embryo culture media significantly increased mitochondrial intensity in both the non-vitrified (50.9 vs. 66.7 pixels 105) and the vitrified (120.1 vs. 126.6 pixels 105) groups compared to media without supplementation (P < 0.001). This study shows that the addition of glycine -L- proline leads to improved recovery of mitochondria in vitrified embryos. The addition of glycine -L-proline has an important function in protecting against disruption of mitochondrial function by vitrification. Keywords: mouse embryos, embryo development, vitrification, mitochondria, amino acid, glycine, L-proline.
41 Bio- Poster 03 CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF POLYMER THIN FILM COMPOSITES FROM RICE STRAW MICROCRYSTALLINE AND MUSHROOM CHITOSAN Sam Sung Ting1,2,3*, Maddah Hussain1 , Noorulnajwa Diyana Yaacob1，Siti Nurain Hamimi1 , Tan Lian See4 , Tan Wai Kian5 1Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia 2Centre of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kompleks Pusat Pengajian Jejawi 2, Taman Muhibbah, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia 3Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Seriab, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia 4Department of Chemical Process Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 5Institute of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441- 8580, Aichi, Japan *[email protected] Abstract The composite thin films functionally provide appropriate mechanical and biological properties for specific purposes in the packaging industry. The composite film could be prepared by mixing rice straw extracted microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) with mushroom chitosan (MCH). The advantage of using mushroom chitosan is that the material is free of allergic sources from animals. In this study, Boletus edulis (porcini mushroom) was chosen as the raw material for the extraction of chitin and was converted to chitosan. The MCH/MCC biocomposites film were prepared by using solution casting method. The performance of the composites were evaluated using tensile test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD). For tensile test, MCH/MCC biocomposites with 8% MCC demonstrated an optimum tensile strength, elongation at break and Young’s modulus. The tensile stength and elongation at break reduced at 10% MCC content. SEM micrograph showed lesser pores on the surface of MCC/MCH biocomposites with 8% MCC as compared to 10% MCC content. Furthermore, the pure MCC and all the MCH/MCC biocomposites indicated the maximum peak at around 2θo = 23o in XRD diffractogram, however the peak at 2θo = 23o was lower in MCH/MCC biocomposites. The outcome of the study provided insight for the further application of MCC in making the mushroom chitosan composite thin film. Keywords: mushroom chitosan, composite film, microcrystalline cellulose, rice straw
42 Mat-Oral 01 UTILIZING RICE HUSK WASTE VIA COLD ISOSTATIC PRESSING (CIP) FOR WATER FILTRATION Muhammad Firdaus Muslem, Sufizar Ahmad* , Syahmie Sufi Shukor, Fazimah Mat Noor, Azham Azmi, Hamimah Abd Rahman and Azzura Ismail Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia * [email protected] Abstract Numerous researchers have shown a keen interest in developing practical methods to maximize the utilization of rice husk (RH) waste. The main objective of this study was to fabricate a water filter using silica derived from RH waste to effectively remove contaminants from well water sources. The fabrication process involved subjecting RH waste to a temperature of 550°C, resulting in the production of black RH ash rich in amorphous silica content. The silica water filter was manufactured by varying the silica rice husk compositions, which included 78, 84 and 88 wt.%. The combination of amorphous silica and binders was employed to produce the silica water filter, utilizing the cold isostatic pressing (CIP) method. Subsequently, the compacted samples were sintered at a temperature of 1100°C. The microstructure of the samples was monitored by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results obtained from SEM analysis provided valuable visual insights into the pore structure of the examined samples. Furthermore, measurements for apparent porosity and bulk density were recorded for each sample. For the three different compositions of 78, 84, and 88 wt.%, the bulk density values were found to be 0.34, 0.27, and 0.25 g/cm³, respectively. Regarding apparent porosity, the results for the respective compositions of 78, 84 and 88 wt.% were 51%, 55%, and 58%, illustrating that the 78 wt.% silica composition yielded the most effective silica water filter. In conclusion, the outcomes of this study present a promising approach for repurposing rice husk waste, offering a sustainable and efficient solution for water filtration. Keywords: Sintering, amorphous, porosity, density, pore
43 Mat-Oral 03 EFFECT OF PROCESSING TEMPERATURE ON TENSILE PROPERTIES AND FOAM MORPHOLOGY OFBIOCOMPOSITES MADE FROM RICE HUSK AND POLYOLEFIN Ulfah Nadia Rahman1 , Farrah Diyana Zailan1 , Ruey Shan Chen1*, and Sahrim Ahmad1 1Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti KebangsaanMalaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia *[email protected] Abstract Polymer foam is known as lightweight and porous material that consists of several advantages over neat polymer materials including low density, great acoustic absorption, and low cost. In this study, the solid and foamed biocomposites made from rice husk (RH) and polyolefin blend (recycled High-Density Polyethylene (rHDPE) / recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate (rPET)) were prepared by extrusion and compression molding. The compositionof the RH and polyolefin blend was fixed with 70/30 wt% and the foaming agent used was azodicarbonamide (ADC) with ratio to zinc oxide of 2:1 part hundred resin (phr). This researchfocused on the effect of processing temperature (P1: 170-195-190-185), P2: 160-185-180- 175ºC) and hot press temperature (195, 200, 205 °C) on the tensile strength, density, and foammorphology of the biocomposites. In the presence of ADC foaming agent, the density and tensile strength of the biocomposites generally reduced which aligned with the foam (porous structure) formed as shown in the microscopic structure analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). From this preliminary finding, it is believed that the biocomposite foam can be a lightweight and sustainable material for some applications such as packaging industry,formwork, flooring, and automotive industry. Keywords: Biocomposite foam, azodicarbonamide, density, foam morphology
44 Mat-Oral 04 ENHANCING TIO2 NANOPARTICLE ADHESION TO POLYESTER FABRIC USING POLYACRYLIC ACID BINDER Mohammad Nazim Mohd Nizam1 , Nor Dalila Nor Affandi1*, Mohd Rozi Ahmad1 and NoorNajmi Bonnia1 1Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia *[email protected] Abstract This study addresses a critical challenge in the field of functional textile finishes, specifically the insufficient binding of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles to polyester fabric. While TiO2 nanoparticles exhibit exceptional properties, their inadequate adhesion to polyester fabric has hindered their practical application. In response, this research aims to analyse the potential of TiO2 nanoparticles and propose effective binding methods to overcome this adhesion limitation. The use of polyacrylic acid (PAA) as a binder is investigated, assessing its capabilityto efficiently bind TiO2 nanoparticles onto polyester fabric thru various coating methods, including untreated, pre-treatment, simultaneous treatment, and post-treatment approaches. Result showed remarkable efficiency of PAA as a binder for TiO2 nanoparticles on polyester fabric. Notably, pre-treatment methods emerge as the optimal choice, showcasing superior binding capacity with a significant weight gain of 3.48% compared to alternative methods. From the SEM analysis, this pre-treatment method achieves even deposition of TiO2 nanoparticles on the fabric, affirming its ability to effectively bind these nanoparticles to polyester. In conclusion, this study identifies the pre-treatment method, coupled with the presence of polyacrylic acid as a binder, as the optimal approach for coating TiO2 nanoparticlesonto polyester fabric. These findings hold promise for advancing the practical use of TiO2 nanoparticles in functional textile finishes, opening avenues for improved material properties and applications. Keywords: TiO2 nanoparticles, polyacrylic acid binder, polyester fabric, coating, functional finishes
45 Mat-Oral 05 THE EFFECT OF RICE HUSK ASH SILICA (RHASiO2) COMPOSITION TO THEPROPERTIES OF SAMARIUM-DOPED CERIA ELECTROLYTE Zolhafizi Bin Jaidi1 , Mohd Azham Bin Azmi1*, Hamimah Binti Abd Rahman1 , Mohd FaizalBin Tukimon1 1Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia. *[email protected]. my Abstract Commercial inclusion of ceramic oxides such as copper oxide, lithium oxide, and iron oxide into ceria-based electrolytes has been utilized to improve ceria-based material performance by microstructure modification. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of rice husk ash silica (RHASiO2) composition on the properties of samarium-doped ceria electrolyte. RHASiO2 was calcined for 4 hours at 700°C to produce high purity silica, which was then mixed with SDC powder using a dry ball milling process. SDC0, SDC0.25, SDC0.5, and SDC1.0 will include 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1.0% RHASiO2, respectively. To establish if RHASiO2 may act as an addition to the electrolyte, all samples will be sintered at 1200°C for 60 minutes. TGA analysis was used to describe the composite powder on thebasis of thermal characteristics, and Archimedes' principle will be employed to determine the porosity and density of the composite pellet. When compared to the pure SDC electrolyte, thedensity of the electrolyte with a greater weight % of RHASiO2 was higher. For SDC0.25, SDC0.5, and SDC1.0, the FTIR results clearly demonstrated RHASiO2 bonding at 1088cm1 , 1066cm-1 , and 1067cm-1 , respectively, whereas 1104cm-1 suggests an asymmetric stretching vibrations band. After the sintering process, the addition of silica will offer a new bonding element. EDX was used to identify the elements in the samples in order to establish the presence of SiO. Aside from that, SEM micrographs and Image J showed that the porosity percentage reduces when RHASiO2 composition increases. Overall, the results of all investigations suggest that adding RHASiO2 to SDC decreases its porosity while increasing the properties of the SDC-RHASiO2 electrolyte composite. Keywords: Rice husk ash silica, ball milling, SDC, electrolyte, sintering aid
46 Mat-Oral 06 EFFECT OF THE PRINTING PARAMETERS ON THE TENSILE STRENGTH AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF A PHOTOPOLYMER RESIN USING DLP 3D PRINTING Nor Aiman Sukindar1* , Ahmad Shah Hizam Md Yasir 2 , Muhammad Fikri Zawawi 3 , Shafie Kamaruddin3 , Mohamad Talhah Al Hafiz3 and Zulkefle Ismail1 1School of Design, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Tungku Highway, Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam 2Faculty of Resilience Rabdan Academy, 65, Al Inshirah, Al Sa’adah, Abu Dhabi, 22401, PO Box: 114646, Abu Dhabi, UAE 3Department of Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia, 53100 Jalan Gombak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia *[email protected] Abstract The demand for digital light processing (DLP)-based three-dimensional (3D) printing has increased, owing to the quick printing speed, adaptability, and pleasant work conditions of the process. In the past few years, rapid prototyping or additive manufacturing and 3D printing technologies have become increasingly popular. The DLP method uses ultraviolet rays for layer-by-layer curing of the resin (in accordance with the product design) and hence yields high-quality surface finish and fast productivity. However, the effect of each printing parameter on the mechanical and physical properties of the product is only partly understood. Therefore, the effects of three printing parameters (layer height, exposure time, and bottom exposure time) on the tensile strength and the surface roughness of the photopolymer resin printed parts were evaluated in the present study. The parameters were varied following the Taguchi method 9v9 arrays of experimental design. The tensile strength and surface roughness of each sample were measured, and the result was assessed via Taguchi analysis where the process parameters that significantly affect the strength and roughness were identified. The sample was observed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to identify the significant difference in the microstructure. Based on this study, the optimum parameters for achieving the highest tensile strength are a bottom exposure of 15 s and a layer height of 0.05 mm. This layer height is the optimum parameter that yields the lowest surface roughness. The results of this study can be used as a guide for enhancing the fabrication (from either a mechanical property or surface roughness viewpoint) of high-quality 3D printed products based on a photopolymer resin material Keywords: DLP, layer height, exposure time, tensile strength, surface roughness
47 Mat-Oral 07 INFLUENCE OF THERMAL INPUT ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND WEAR PROPERTIES OF SURFACE ALLOYED DSS WITH SIC BY TIG MELTING TECHNIQUES Lailatul Harina Paijan1*, Mohd Fauzi Mamat1 , Mohd Hadzley Abu Bakar1 and Mohd Syafiq Abd Aziz2,3 1 Fakulti Teknologi dan Kejuruteraan Industri dan Pembuatan, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia. 2Fakulti Teknologi dan Kejuruteraan Mekanikal, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia. 3Tribology Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ London, United Kingdom Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. *[email protected] Abstract In arc TIG torch welding, the thermal input is important because its affects the thermal efficiency and quality of the welded materials. A change in the microstructure with the deposition of ceramic particles can have a direct effect on the improvement of wear properties of a surface alloying using various thermal input of TIG torch welding. This work is required due to the limitation of AISI Duplex-2205 which has weaknesses in wear properties during application. In this work, this material was surface alloyed with addition of SiC ceramic powder with particle size of 100 µm and melted using different thermal input of TIG torch melting heat source to improve the microstructure and wear properties. The microstructural analysis, microhardness and wear properties were conducted on this material at different thermal input conditions. The obtained microstructural examination was correlated with corresponding hardness and wear properties, which were determined from morphological, hardness value on the top surface and wear rate evaluation. The highest hardness with value of 1600 Hv and wear rate with value of 2.3 x 10-4 mm3 /Nm was obtained in the sample fabricated under thermal input of 0.768 KJ/mm. The microstructural changes observed on the surface alloyed DSS with the formation of dendrites microstructures due to re-solidification between AISI Duplex-2205 and SiC ceramic particles which indicated the good hardness properties against wear degradation in tribological applications. Keywords: Thermal input, microstructure, wear, surface alloyed, TIG torch
48 Mat-Oral 09 ENHANCING SOIL QUALITY VIA MICROBIAL TREATMENT WITH VEGETABLE WASTE AND THE INCLUSION OF PLASTIC BAGS AS STABILIZING AGENTS Farah ‘Atiqah Abdul Azam1 *, Rohayu bt Che Omar1 *, Rasyikin bte Roslan1 , Intan Nor Zuliana Baharudin1 1 Institute of Energy and Infrastructure, University Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN), Jalan IkramUniten, Putrajaya Campus, 43000 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia * Corresponding Author email: [email protected]; [email protected]; Abstract Microbial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP) technique is significant in soil stabilization, providing access to the production of microbes, allowing traits such as bio-cementation and bio-consolidation to improve soil engineering properties. This research emphasizes the utilization of fermented vegetable liquid (vegetable grout) as a potential source of microbes, not only for soil stabilization but also for the potential degradation of plastic waste. The soil was treated with 15%, 17.5%, 20%, and 22.5% of vegetable grout liquid and cured for 35 days. The finding shows that the untreated soft soil with an initial shear strength of 64.5 kPa tested with unconfined compressive strength has improved to 124.5 kPa when treated with 15% fermented vegetable waste. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image shows that the coccus species of bacteria has filled up the cavities in the silty soil and modified the strength of the treated soils. Besides, the changes in soil elements including carbon and calcium content and elements based on the EDX analysis indicate the calcite precipitation and PE plastic biodegradation. This result demonstrated that the utilization of vegetable wastes had significant potential for soil stability as well as environmental preservation which holds substantial importance from both economic and environmental perspectives in the future. Keywords: Soil strengthening; Microbially induced calcite precipitation; Biomineralization; Biogeotechnics.
49 Mat-Oral 10 EFFECT OF CuO ADDITION ON THE PROPERTIES OF BARIUM STRONTIUM COBALT FERRITE- SAMARIUM DOPED CERIA CARBONATE CATHODE FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL APPLICATION Muhammad Zul Idzham Abdul Ghani1 , Hamimah Abd Rahman1 ,*, Sufizar Ahmad1 , Azzura Ismail1 and Shahruddin Mahzan1 1Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia. *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Barium Strontium Cobalt Ferrite (BSCF) is a mixed oxygen ionic electronic conductor, shows high conductivity and excellent catalytic activity for oxygen reduction and mobility making it an excellent cathode for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells. By introducing specific catalyst materials, it is possible to increase the ionic conductivity of this composite cathode and hence improve the electrode activity in oxygen reduction reactions. This study focuses on the effects of Copper Oxide (CuO) as an additive material toward BSCF-SDCC composite cathode powder. The powders were mixed by using ball milling at 150 rpm and went through calcination process at 750 °C. The different amount t (1-5 wt %) of CuO were dry milled into the calcined BSCF-SDCC composite cathode powder. The powders were then evaluated using a variety of analytical techniques. Phase and crystal structure identification was done using Xray diffraction (XRD). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used for microstructure observation and quantitative element analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) allows for the analysis of chemical bonds. After going through the calcination and mixing processes, the XRD data indicated that the BSCF-SDC-CuO composite cathode powder showed the existence of impurities. This condition develops when alkaline oxide reacts with during the calcination process and can be brought on when the composite powder was blended by implementing the milling method. All of these data demonstrated that the CuO addition had a beneficial impact on the structural characteristics of the BSCF-SDC composite cathode powder. Keywords: BSCF, Chemical, Cathode, Copper, SOFC Figure 1: SEM image of SDC with addition CuO powders
50 Mat-Oral 11 EFFECT OF DIFFERENT WEIGHT PERCENTAGE OF RECOVERED CARBON BLACK (RCB) OF WASTE TIRE ON THE STRUCTURAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF GRAPHENE OXIDE (GO) Azra Umairah Anuar1 , Noor Najmi Bonnia1* , Noor Dalila Noor Affandi1 and Norashirene Mohamad Jamil1 1Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia *[email protected] Abstract Graphene oxide (GO) is a useful and promising material for graphene-based medical, biological, electrical, optical, chemical, and energy storage applications. However, the mining process of graphite as raw material for graphene oxide is complicated and can have a negatively impact on the environment and local communities. Besides, GO is currently regarded as an expensive material due to its complicated manufacturing method and limited production capacity. This study proposed an environmentally-friendly approach for synthesizing GO from recovered carbon black (rCB) of waste tires using the modified Hummers method. GO's structural and morphological properties synthesized from different weight percentages (wt%) of rCB (1 wt%, 3wt%, and 5wt%) were investigated. Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) was utilized to characterize the synthesized GO. Raman analysis shows that the peak of the D band, G band, and 2D band that represent the formation of GO. The Id/Ig values decrease as the weight percentage of rCB increases in the order of GO-5% < GO-3% < GO-1% with Id / Ig values of 0.69,0.77,0.82, respectively. XRD analysis shows the peak appear at 2θ = 25.33°, 25.54°, and 25.56°for GO-1%, GO-3%, and GO-5% respectively. The FTIR analysis shows the presence of oxygenated-containing functional groups on the structure of GO-1%, GO-3%, and GO-5%, suggesting the oxidation process's success in forming GO. FESEM analysis shows that the sample are nanosized, ranging from 46.92 to 136.50 nm. This environmentally responsible path has the potential to revolutionise GO production and promote a greener, more sustainable future. Keywords: Graphene oxide, waste tire, phosphoric acid, Hummer method.