International Postgraduate Conference IPCoSME 2021

1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

TABLE OF CONTENT

WELCOME ADDRESS UMT 3
WELCOME ADDRESS PSU 4
WELCOME MESSAGE 5
PLENARY SPEAKER BIOGRAPHY
6
UMT 7
PSU
ORGANISING COMMITTEES 8
STAFFS: 9
STUDENTS: 10
GENERAL PROGRAMME SCHEDULE
PLENARY SPEAKER ABSTRACT 11
UMT 12
PSU
BREAKOUT ROOM SCHEDULE AND ABSTRACTS 13
ORAL BREAKOUT ROOM A: MATERIAL SCIENCE 23
ORAL BREAKOUT ROOM B: BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE 32
ORAL BREAKOUT ROOM D: MARINE/MARITIME TECHNOLOGY 42
ORAL BREAKOUT ROOM E: APPLIED SCIENCE 55
POSTER BREAKOUT ROOM C: POSTER 64
SPECIAL THANKS

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1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

WELCOME ADDRESS UMT

Assalamualaikum and Greetings,
I would like to extend a warm welcome to all speakers, participants and guests to the first
virtual International Postgraduate Conference on Science and Marine Environment 2021
(IPCoSME 2021). I would like to take this opportunity to congratulate the organizer, Science
and Marine Environment (Sci-Met) Club, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, UMT
and Marine and Costal Resources Institute, Faculty of Environmental Management and Coastal
Oceanography and Climate Change Research Center, PSU for their relentless determination,
commitment and hard work in organizing this virtual conference.
“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Science” is the
theme for this conference and in line with the theme, this conference can be a platform to
expand and strengthen the research based on the development of science and technology as
well as the sustainability of the environment.
The theme for IPCoSME 2021 reflects your willingness and enthusiasm to offer an innovative
and imaginative program whilst offering attractive sessions with well-balanced inputs from the
speakers and participants. This conference will provide the ideal forum to stimulate ideas and
establish collaborations as well as to initiate fruitful discussions. This also will provide the best
opportunity for knowledge sharing and research ideas exchange in science and marine
environment towards better quality of life to meet future challenges.
It is hoped that IPCoSME 2021 can be an important platform for researchers and students to
cultivate creative, conducive and innovative research activities benefitting not only the
university but also to the community and country. Finally, congratulations to the working
committee and everyone who has supported the efforts in realising this conference and I wish
all the best to the participants.
ASSOC. PROF. DR. MARINAH MOHD ARIFFIN
DEAN
FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU

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1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

WELCOME ADDRESS PSU

Greetings,
It is my great pleasure to welcome all of you to this important event on “International
Postgraduate Conference on Science and Marine Environment 2021”. This activity is our
academic collaboration between Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti
Malaysia Terengganu and Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla
University.
At the outset, let me offer my sincere thanks to the organizing teams; Science and Marine
Environment Club and Faculty of Science and Marine Environment from Universiti Malaysia
Terengganu, Marine and Coastal Resources Institute, Faculty of Environmental Management
and Coastal Oceanography and Climate Change Research Center from Prince of Songkla
University that they have taken a lot of effort to contribute this conference.
Under the theme “Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of
Science”, we sincerely hope that through the activities of sharing and exchanging knowledge,
experiences, insights, and inspiration among all of us will meet the objectives. Although, the
COVID-19 pandemic still effects on our region but it does not stop this precious opportunity.
Please take this chance to gain new ideas for your research and learn from each other.
Finally, I would like to thank all the participants and warmly welcome you again. I wish that
you will enjoy interesting and beneficial program for today. Thank you very much.
ASSOC. PROF. DR. KUAANAN TECHATO
DEAN
FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
PRINCE OF SONGKLA UNIVERSITY

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1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

WELCOME MESSAGE

Assalamualaikum and Greetings,
On behalf of the organizing committee, we would like to welcome all presenters and
participants to the International Postgraduate Conference on Science and Marine Environment
2021 (IPCoSME 2021) which is conducted virtually. IPCoSME 2021 is the first postgraduate
conference organised by Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia
Terengganu (UMT) and collaboration with Marine and Coastal Resources Institute, Faculty of
Environmental Management and Coastal Oceanography and Climate Change Research Center,
Prince of Songkla University (PSU).
This conference assembled global leading subject matter experts to share their views, thoughts
and latest findings of their research on the aspect of Science and Marine Environment. With
the theme “Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Science”
we hope that this conference can be a medium for knowledge exchange between the speakers,
presenter and participants.
I wish to express my heartfelt appreciation to members of the organizing committee,
distinguished speakers, enthusiastic presenters and energetic participants for their sincere
contributions to this conference.
Thank you and happy conferencing.
ASSOC. PROF. ChM. DR. MAISARA ABDUL KADIR
CHAIRPERSON OF THE ORGANISING COMMITTEE
IPCoSME 2021
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU

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1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

PLENARY SPEAKER BIOGRAPHY
UMT

Associate Professor Ts. Dr. Vigneswari
Sevakumaran

Associate Professor Ts. Dr. Vigneswari Sevakumaran is a senior lecturer from Biological
Department, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu.
She obtained her BSc (Microbiology) and MSc (Industrial Microbiology) from Universiti Sains
Malaysia (USM). Before she pursued her studies in PhD, she was a research officer at Malaysia
Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals (IPharm), MOSTI. She later obtained her PhD
at the same university in the field of healthcare biotechnology before contributing her skills
and knowledges in UMT. Her main research interest is fabrication of biodegradable polymers
to promote increased cell biomaterial interaction for better cell proliferation for biomedical
applications. Apart from that, she is also interested in nanotechnology and animal studies. As
an associate professor in UMT, she managed to obtain several national grants funded by various
industries with the total of RM 572 000. The outcomes of her research have been presented and
published in more than 30 indexed journals and four chapters in book. As a part of editorial
board, she has become a guest editor for Material Circular Economy and an associate editor for
Malaysian Applied Biology Journal. She is also an active member of these professional bodies:
Professional Technologist, MBOT, Royal Society of Biology (RSB), Malaysian Society of
Microbiology (MSM), Laboratory Animal Science Association of Malaysian (LASAM) and
International Association of Advanced Material (IAAM). Due to her excellent contributions,
she managed to obtain several awards and achievements such as Academic Fellow USM (June
2021 - May 2022), National University of Singapore (NUS) Fellowship Southeast Asia (Feb
2020 - Dec 2020), Excellent Community Service Award UMT 2021, Excellent Service Award
UMT 2019, Young Scientist Medal by International Association of Advanced Material,
Sweden 2017 and several best research paper presentations.

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1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

PLENARY SPEAKER BIOGRAPHY
PSU

Assistant Professor. Dr. Ponlachart
Chotikarn

Assistant Professor Dr Ponlachart Chotikarn is a lecturer at a Marine and Coastal Resources
Institute, Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University (PSU),
Thailand since 2015. He has completed his PhD in Science from Climate Change Cluster,
University of Technology Sydney, Australia. His current research use data science, computer
modelling and GIS/Remote Sensing for marine and coastal resources management and
healthcare research. To date, he has published a total of 17 indexed journals, two reports and
nine conference proceedings. For research funding, he managed to secure more than RM 8 590
110 (67 659 000 Thai baht) from various industries. He also holds several important
administrative positions in PSU and this includes deputy director for Science and Technology
at Research and Development Office (RDO), director at Southern Regional Center for
GeoInformatics and Space Technology (SouthGIST), GISTDA, director at Geoinformatics
Research Center for Natural Resource and Environment, and Director at Marine and Coastal
Resources Institute, Faculty of Environmental Management, and founder and committee of
Coastal Oceanography and Climate Change Research Center.

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1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021

(IPCoSME 2021)
“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

ORGANISING COMMITTEES
STAFFS:

Patron: Publicity Committee:
Prof Dr. Mazlan Bin Abd Ghaffar Dr. Aqilah Mohammad

Advisor: Scientific Committees:
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Marinah Mohd Ariffin Assoc. Prof. Ts. ChM. Dr Noor Aniza

Chairperson: Harun (Leader)
Assoc. Prof. ChM. Dr. Maisara Abdul Dr. Rohani Shahrudin
Assoc. Prof. ChM. Dr. Poh Seng Chee
Kadir Dr. Thilahgavani Nagappan
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tan Chun Hong
Deputy Chairperson: Dr. Maizah Mohd Abdullah
Assoc. Prof. ChM. Dr. Mohd Aidil Adhha Ts. ChM. Dr. Wan Mohd Afiq Bin Wan

Abdullah Mohd Khalik

Secretary: Logistic and Protocol Committee:
Mr. Fadli Mamat Dr. Suvik Assaw (Leader)
Mr. Idham Khalil
Secretariat: Mr. Abdul Manaf Ahmad
Mr. Muhammad Jailani Sulaiman
Office of Corporate Communications
Treasurer: Digital Ecosystem Centre
Madam Nurfaiza Mohd Jaafar
Head of Judges:
Registration Committee: Assoc. Prof. ChM. Dr. Ong Meng Chuan
Dr. Lee Jen Nie
(Oral)
Certificate and Gift Committee: Dr. Muhammad Hafiz
Assoc. Prof. ChM. Dr. Azrilawani Ahmad Borkhanuddin (Poster)

PSU Representative:
Dr. Mathinee Yucharoen

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1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021

(IPCoSME 2021)
“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

ORGANISING COMMITTEES
STUDENTS:

Director: Certificate and Gift Committees:
Mr. Mohamad Zahid Baharom Ms. Nur Al Syifaa Hassan (Leader)

Deputy Directors: Ms. Amirah Aziz Aqilah
Mr. Mohammad Asyraf Adhwa Masimen Mr. Muhammad Faiz Zulkifli
Ms. Kittiwara Sornplang (PSU)
Ms. Butchanok Kongket (PSU)
Program, Logistic & Protocols
Secretaries: Committees:
Ms. Nurul Nadhirah Ruzelan
Mr. Hanif Akbar Awaluddin (Leader)
Ms. Long Ying (PSU) Ms. Nur Atiqah Maznan (Vice-Leader)
Ms. Siti Aminah binti Mohd Ismailluddin
Treasurers: Ms. Nurul Maisarah binti Mohd Kasman
Ms. Wan Syahiidah Wan Abd Aziz
Ms. Siwanart Ruangsuwan (PSU) Ms. Nur Aqilah binti Mohammad
Ms. Zarra Nursheila binti Zakaria
External and Internal Relation
Committees: Mr. Brendon Vun Man Fook
Ms. Aizatul Jasmine binti Azizan
Ms. Nur Zafirah binti Mohd. Izham Mr. Rahman Syahputra Bin Syafruddin
Ms. Chanida Sae-wong (PSU) Ms. Norzazlyana binti Mohd Asri
Mr. Mohammad Syafiq bin Sarimi
Mr. Muhammad Heemboo (PSU)
Mr. Tarun Jain (PSU)

Registration Committees: Publicity Committee:
Ms. Nurfarha binti Muhamad Zalan All committee members

Ms. Wilawan Hwan-air (PSU)

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1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021

(IPCoSME 2021)
“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

GENERAL PROGRAMME SCHEDULE

Time based on Malaysian Standard Time (UTC+8)
8.00 am – 9.00 am Participant’s registration via Cisco Webex

9:00 am - 9:30 am PSU Corporate video screening
9.30 am – 10.00 am
Opening remarks by Dean of Faculty of Science and Marine Environment,
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu:
Associate Professor Dr. Marinah Mohd Ariffin

Welcoming remarks by Dean of Faculty of Environmental Management,
Prince of Songkla University:
Associate Professor Dr. Kuaanan Techato

Officiation by Vice Chancellor Universiti Malaysia Terengganu:
Professor Dr. Mazlan Abd Ghaffar

UMT Corporate Video Screening

Plenary speaker session (UMT):
Associate Professor Ts. Dr. Vigneswari Sevakumaran
Title: Bacterial Plastic: A Promising Next Generation Biomaterial

10:00 am - 1:00 pm Breakout room (A) Breakout room (B) Breakout room (C)
Material science Biological science Poster

1:00 pm – 2:00 pm Break

2:00 pm - 2:30 pm Plenary speaker session (PSU)
Assistant Professor Dr. Ponlachart Chotikarn
Title: Frontier Research and Technology to Protect Marine Environment

2:30 pm – 5:00 pm Breakout room (D) Breakout room (E)
Marine/Maritime technology Applied Sciences

5:00 pm – 6:00 pm FSSM Publication Competition 2021 winner announcement
Prize-giving ceremony
Closing speech by IPCoSME 2021 Chairperson:
Associate Professor ChM. Dr. Maisara Abdul Kadir
Photo session
Dismissed

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1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

PLENARY SPEAKER ABSTRACT
UMT

BACTERIAL PLASTIC: A PROMISING NEXT GENERATION BIOMATERIAL

VIGNESWARI SEVAKUMARAN

Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala
Nerus, Terengganu

Corresponding author email: [email protected]

Abstract: Bacterial plastic are plastic which are produced by microorganisms under specific
conditions. Polyhydroxyalkonoates (PHAs) are a bacterial plastic that bacteria produce under
conditions of low concentrations of important nutrients. This bacterial derived biopolymer is
highly sought after by researchers world over due to its high levels of biocompatibility and
inert in-vivo degradation products. However, as with most biopolymers, the surface of PHA is
relatively hydrophobic with minimal recognition sites for cell attachment. This makes it a less
desirable candidate to be tailored as scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Therefore, surface modifications to promote an increased cell-biomaterial interaction for better
cell proliferation are extensively studied. Surface modification is rendered as an effective
approach in designing scaffolds to meet the specific criteria in serving as tissue engineering
scaffolds. Nanofabrication is a form of surface modification to fabricate biomaterials at
dimensions measured in nanometers with nano- and micro-topographies which closely mimics
the natural surroundings for tissue regeneration. Electrospinning represents a popular approach
in the fabrication of fibrous biomaterials. Electrospinning process involves the application of
high-voltage source causes the formation of surface charges that causes the polymer solutions
to emerge as jet. The in-vitro cytocompatibility tests of nanofiber PHA promoted the
proliferation of fibroblast cell. Precise control of fiber morphology was found to improve
scaffold designs that mimics the functions of native extracellular matrix (ECM). The
generation of scaffolds with clinically relevant dimensions by electrospinning technique and
the homogeneous distribution of cells within them, makes nanofibrous PHA an excellent
material for tissue engineering application.

Keywords: Polyhydroxyalkonoates (PHAs), nanofabrication, electrospinning, biomaterial,
biocompatible

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1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

PLENARY SPEAKER ABSTRACT
PSU

FRONTIER RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY TO PROTECT MARINE
ENVIRONMENT

PONLACHART CHOTIKARN1,2

1 Coastal Oceanography and Climate Change Research Center, Prince of Songkla University,
Hat Yai, 90110, Thailand

2Marine and Coastal Resources Institute, Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of
Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Thailand

Corresponding author email: [email protected]
Since the last century, climate change and anthropogenic activities such as overfishing,
agricultural runoff, deforestration, tourisms, and industrialization has led to an increase in
global temperature caused by rising CO2 concentration, ocean warming, ocean acidification,
sea level rise, coastal erosion and marine pollution. Marine and coastal resources and
ecosystems are therefore suffering serious decline. This impact can be lessened with a better
understanding of the marine and coastal ecosystems and with monitoring future climate change,
anthropogenic change and pollution using technology. Technology such as Geographic
Information System (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) can be used
to understand and monitor marine and coastal environment. The talk will discuss the recent
research on the role of planted and natural mangrove on leaf litter production, effect of marine
debris on ecophysiology of corals, and the use of integrated biomarker response (IBR) to
identify the impact of warming on key tropical marine primary producers. The opportunities
with the use of GIS, RS and AI in sustainably managing marine and coastal environment will
be discussed.

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1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021

(IPCoSME 2021)
“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

BREAKOUT ROOM SCHEDULE AND ABSTRACTS
ORAL BREAKOUT ROOM A: MATERIAL SCIENCE

NO PRESENTER TITLE TIME

RA- MUHAMAD SYAIZWADI INFLUENCE OF COBALT OXIDE ADDITION ON 10.00 –

01 SHAIFUDIN NONLINEARITY OF BARIUM TITANATE- 10.15 am

(UMT) DOPED ZINC OXIDE-BASED VARISTOR

CERAMICS

RA- WAN MOHAMAD CORROSION AND MICROBIAL PROTECTION 10.15 -
02 IKHMAL BIN WAN PERFORMANCE OF ROSIN COATINGS WITH 10.30 am
THE INCORPORATION OF Leucaena leucocephala
MOHAMAD
KAMARUZZAMAN
(UMT)

RA- NUR AIMAN SYAFIQ BIN THE INCORPORATION OF Andrographis 10.30 -

03 MOHD HAMIDI paniculata LEAVES EXTRACT AS AN ADDITIVE 10.45 am

(UMT) IN COATING FOR STAINLESS STEEL 316L IN

SEAWATER

RA- NURSABRINA AMIRAH CORROSION PROTECTION OF MILD STEEL IN 10.45 –
04 BINTI MOHD NASIR SEAWATER USING GREEN APPROACH FROM 11.00 am
Leucaena leucocephala LEAVES EXTRACT.
(UMT)

SHORT BREAK 11.00 -
11.05 am

RA- MALIA ATHIRAH BINTI MICROSTRUCTURE AND ELECTRICAL 11.05 –

05 BADRUDDIN CHARACTERISTICS OF LOW VOLTAGE ZnO 11.20 am

(UMT) VARISTORS DOPED WITH BARIUM TITANATE

RA- ABDUL MU'IZ ANIQ MICROSTRUCTURAL AND ELECTRICAL 11.20 –
06 AIMAN BIN MOHD PROPERTIES OF ZINC OXIDE-BARIUM 11.35 am
TITANATE VARISTOR CERAMIC DOPED WITH
SUHAIMI PRASEODYMIUM OXIDE
(UMT)

RA- ANIS ATHIRAH BINTI SERS BASED ON METAL NANOALLOY 11.35 –
07 ABDUL RAZAK EMBEDDED PHOTONICS CRYSTAL FOR 11.50 am
LEPTOSPIRA DNA DETECTION
(UMT)

RA- ALINA IRWANA BINTI EFFECT OF DIFFERENT RATIO OF CuO/TiO2 11.50 am
08 MUHAMAD A’SRAI PHOTOCATALYST ON THEIR – 12.05
PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND PHOTOCATALYTIC
(UMT) ACTIVITY FOR MO DEGRADATION pm

RA- CHAN KIKI SERS-BASED BIOSENSING WITH NOBLE 12.05 –
09 (UMT) METAL NANOPARTICLES FOR APPLICATION 12.20 am
IN VIRUS DETECTION

Time based on Malaysian Standard Time (UTC+8)

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1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

RA-01

INFLUENCE OF COBALT OXIDE ADDITION ON NONLINEARITY OF BARIUM
TITANATE-DOPED ZINC OXIDE-BASED VARISTOR CERAMICS

MUHAMAD SYAIZWADI SHAIFUDIN1 AND MOHD SABRI MOHD GHAZALI1

1Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala
Nerus, Terengganu, MALAYSIA

*Corresponding author email: [email protected]
Abstract: The effect of cobalt oxide addition on barium titanate-doped zinc oxide varistors
were prepared by a solid-state reaction method, and the phase composition, microstructure, and
electrical properties were also investigated by SEM, XRD, and a V-I source/measure unit.
Results show that all the samples consist of BaTiO3 and Co3O4 phases coexisting with ZnO
main phase. The optimum nonlinear coefficient of about 4.8 was found in the BaTiO-doped
ZnO varistor. The microstructure analysis shows that the average grain size of the varistor
ceramics increases with increasing Co3O4 content, and it indicates that doping with Co3O4 is a
promising route to obtaining a lower varistor voltage. The highest nonlinearity of 7.2 was
gained at 0.5 wt.% Co3O4 due to the increase in barrier height and lower leakage current.
Because of the high demands for low-voltage electronics with high nonlinearity characteristics
and low leakage current, the application of the ZnO varistor at low voltage has increased
significantly.
Keywords: zinc oxide varistors; barium titanate; cobalt oxide; nonlinearity; microstructure
properties

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1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

RA-02

CORROSION AND MICROBIAL PROTECTION PERFORMANCE OF ROSIN
COATINGS WITH THE INCORPORATION OF Leucaena leucocephala

WAN MOHAMAD IKHMAL WAN MOHAMAD KAMARUZZAMAN1 AND MOHD
SABRI MOHD GHAZALI1

1Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala
Nerus, Terengganu, MALAYSIA

*Corresponding author email: [email protected]
Abstract: Leucaena leucocephala leaves extract (LLE) was incorporated as an additive in a
rosin coating formulation. The extracts were evaluated by optical characterizations before
proceeded to the antimicrobial assessment with other specimens. The fabricated coatings were
applied onto the surface of stainless steel grade 316L and immersed in seawater for 50 days. A
batch of specimens was collected every 10 days and evaluated through electrochemical
impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization and scanning electron
microscope with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX). The incorporation of 3 wt. % LLE into
the coating (P2) matrix was determined to have the best quality to prevent corrosion when
exposed to the corrosive environment.
Keywords: paint coatings; microbiological corrosion; EIS; failure analysis; stainless steel

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1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

RA-03

THE INCORPORATION OF Andrographis paniculata LEAVES EXTRACT AS AN
ADDITIVE IN COATING FOR STAINLESS STEEL 316L IN SEAWATER

NUR AIMAN SYAFIQ BIN MOHD HAMIDI1 AND MOHD SABRI MOHD
GHAZALI1

1Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala
Nerus, Terengganu, MALAYSIA

*Corresponding author email: [email protected]
Abstract: Anti-corrosion coating is a thin film that reduce the corrosion process in a corrosive
environment. Following the new trend nowadays in using green corrosion protection, Kalmegh
or Andrographis paniculata from the family of Acanthaceae is evaluated for its potential as an
additive in coating for stainless steel grade 316L (SS316L) via electrochemical impedance
spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PP) and scanning electron microscope
(SEM) in seawater. The Kalmegh extract are characterize via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR)
spectroscopy, Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and High Performance Liquid
Chromatography (HPLC), which revealed the presence of asymmetry –NH, –CH and –OH,
two peaks at 450 nm and 661 nm and also andrographolide with a retention time of 4.650 min.
From the result, it showed that the corrosion resistance increase when increase the extract
concentration in the coating. The optimum efficiency is recorded at 10% of extract, where
further increase will lessen the inhibitive effect. From electrochemical analysis, the coatings
with additive perform as a mixed-type inhibitor, which was identified via polarization curve.
Results from SEM showed the inhomogeneous layers on the surface of the steel, possibly due
to the corrosive substances in the seawater.
Keywords: paint coatings; Andrographis paniculata; marine; stainless steel; EIS

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1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

RA-04

CORROSION PROTECTION OF MILD STEEL IN SEAWATER USING GREEN
APPROACH FROM Leucaena leucocephala LEAVES EXTRACT

NURSABRINA AMIRAH BINTI MOHD NASIR1 AND MOHD SABRI MOHD
GHAZALI1

1Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala
Nerus, Terengganu, MALAYSIA

*Corresponding author email: [email protected]
Abstract: The corrosion inhibition analysis of Leucaena leucocephala leaves extract (LLE) as
an additive in a commercialized coating to protect mild steel immersed in seawater has been
conducted. The experiments were evaluated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
(FTIR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
(EIS), potentiodynamic polarization and scanning electron microscope with energy-dispersive
X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). The FTIR analysis revealed both hydroxyl (–OH) and
carbonyl (C=O) groups, possibly indicating the presence of phenolic compounds in the extract,
whereas the UV-Vis analysis revealed a peak absorption spectrum at 268 nm. The
electrochemical analysis revealed that the immersed mild steel coated with 6% LLE coating
had an excellent inhibition efficiency of up to 96.12 %. The study also confirmed that LLE acts
as a mixed type inhibitor, as shown in the polarization curve.
Keywords: stainless steel, corrosion, coating, seawater, plant extract

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1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

RA-05

MICROSTRUCTURE AND ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LOW
VOLTAGE ZNO VARISTORS DOPED WITH BARIUM
TITANATE

MALIA ATHIRAH BINTI BADRUDDIN1 AND MOHD SABRI MOHD GHAZALI1
1Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030

Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, MALAYSIA
*Corresponding author email: [email protected]
Abstract: Present study highlights the combination of zinc oxide (ZnO) with a perovskite
material in varistor ceramics due to their unique features for electrical protection devices.
Pelletized samples of polycrystalline ZnO ceramics doped with barium titanate (BaTiO3) were
prepared by a solid-state reaction method in the production of low-voltage varistors.
Microstructural investigation through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive
X-ray analysis spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the presence of ZnO
and BaTiO3 phases. These findings were correlated with the evolution of electrical
characteristics. Samples containing 12 wt.% BaTiO3 showed excellent comprehensive
electrical performances with a nonlinear coefficient (α) of 4.8, having the lowest leakage
current density of 348 μA/cm2.
Keywords: low-voltage; barium titanate; varistors; zinc oxide; electrical properties

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1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

RA-06

MICROSTRUCTURAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF ZINC OXIDE-
BARIUM TITANATE VARISTOR CERAMIC DOPED WITH PRASEODYMIUM

OXIDE
ABDUL MUIZ ANIQ AIMAN BIN MOHD SUHAIMI1 AND MOHD SABRI MOHD

GHAZALI1

1Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala
Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

*Corresponding author email: [email protected]
Abstract: Praseodymium oxide (Pr6O11) was utilized as a dopant in the zinc oxide-barium
titanate (ZnO- BaTiO3) based varistor ceramic. The varistor ceramics were developed via solid-
state route and the resultant samples were examined by means of scanning electron microscope
with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The nonlinearity
characteristics of ZnO- BaTiO3 varistor ceramics for various contents of Pr6O11 were analyzed
based on the J-E characteristics measurement. The varistor voltage limit increased from 12.36
V/mm to 68.36 V/mm as the concentration of dopant (Pr6O11) incorporated increased from 0.5
to 1.5 wt.%. Furthermore, the barrier height decreased from 0.88 to 0.86 eV for 0.0 to 1.5 wt.%
of Pr6O11 concentration, respectively.
Keywords: ZnO varistor; barium titanate; praseodymium oxide; solid-state method; electrical
properties

19

1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

RA-07

SURFACE ENHANCED RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY BASED ON METAL NANO
ALLOY EMBEDDED PHOTONICS CRYSTAL FOR LEPTOSPIRA DNA
DETECTION

ANIS ATHIRAH ABDUL RAZAK1, AIMA RAMLI*2, AND SYARA KASSIM2

1Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), 21030
Kuala Nerus, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia

2Advanced Nano Materials Research Group (ANoMa), Faculty of Science and Marine
Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), 21300 Kuala Nerus, Kuala Terengganu,

Malaysia
*Corresponding author email: [email protected]

Abstract: Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful vibrational
spectroscopy technique that allows a highly sensitive structural detection at low concentration
of analytes. SERS signal can be obtained through the amplification of electromagnetic fields
generated by the excitation of localized surface plasmon resonances in metallic nanostructures.
In this work, we are interested to excite the SERS signal from 3D metallo-dielectric poly methyl
methacrylate (PMMA) thin films embedded with gold-silver nanoalloys. The PMMA thin film
will act as a photonic crystal and it possesses a band gap property which allows certain
frequencies of light to propagate inside the structure but trapped the remaining photons in the
crystal lattice. We anticipate that by properly designing the PMMA photonic crystal thin film
to have a bandgap which falls into the plasmonic modes of the gold silver nanoalloys, we are
able to enhance the excitation of SERS signal from the fabricated substrates. These substrates
will have a potential to be used as an ultra-sensitive SERS-based biosensing platform. Any
changes that occur around the metallic nanostructures proximity will cause significant peak
occurrences in the Raman vibration spectra to serve as a promising probe for enhanced disease
diagnosis tool.

Keywords: SERS, metallic nanostructures, poly methyl methacrylate, photonic crystal,
biosensor.

20

1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

RA-08

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT RATIO OF CUO/TIO2 PHOTOCATALYST ON THEIR
PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY FOR MO
DEGRADATION

ALINA IRWANA MUHAMAD A’SRAI1, MOHD HASMIZAM RAZALI1,2

1Faculty of Science & Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala
Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

2Advanced Nanomaterials Research Group, Faculty of Science & Marine Environment,
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

*Corresponding author email: [email protected]

Abstract: Titanium dioxide (TiO2) was utilized in photocatalysis applications due to their non-
toxic, cheap and high photocatalytic activity. However, its photocatalytic reaction is limited by
low surface area as well as the rapid recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and
only has the ability to absorb a small fraction (<5%) of indoor light. In this study, copper oxide
coupled with titanium dioxide (CuO/TiO2) nanocomposite photocatalyst and pure TiO2 was
synthesized using a hydrothermal method. The synthesised photocatalyst was characterized by
using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD),
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunauer, Emmett,
teller (BET) and UV-Visible Spectroscopy. Spectra obtained from FTIR have proved that there
is the existence of O-H stretching, O-H vibration and metal-O bond that correlates to the
functional groups of the samples. As affirmed by XRD analysis, a highly crystalline anatase
TiO2 phase was obtained for pure TiO2 samples. Anatase TiO2 phase remained and additional
peaks belonging to copper oxide were observed for CuO/TiO2 nanocomposite photocatalyst
samples. This finding suggests that copper oxide was successfully loaded onto TiO2.
Morphological study from SEM shows the presence of short rod-like particles of copper oxide
and agglomerated TiO2 bulk particles. TGA results show that pure TiO2 and CuO were
thermally stable with only 6.5 and 6.8% weight loss, respectively due to the water removal.
BET surface area for CuO, TiO2 and CuO/TiO2 nanocomposite photocatalysts were 20.50 m2/g,
15.26 m2/g and 17.13 m2/g, respectively. The photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange
(MO) was found to be 60.00% using CuO/TiO2 nanocomposite photocatalyst with ratio 1:5,
which is better than pure TiO2, pure CuO and other CuO/TiO2 nanocomposites after 3 hours
reaction. This is attributed to the presence of CuO at optimum amount which can enhance the
surface area, promotes electron-hole separation and decelerates the charge carrier
recombination.

Keywords: copper oxide, titanium dioxide, photocatalyst, nanocomposite, degradation

21

1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

RA-09

SERS-BASED BIOSENSING WITH NOBLE METAL NANOPARTICLES FOR
APPLICATION IN VIRUS DETECTION

CHAN KIKI1, NURUL HUDA ABDUL KADIR1 AND SYARA KASSIM1,2*

1 Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia
2Advanced Nano Materials Research Group (ANoMa), Faculty of Science and Marine
Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia

*Corresponding author email: [email protected]

Abstract: Viral infections pose a looming threat worldwide that could result in the detriment
of every nation and individual’s well-being as they can be difficult to detect and even harder
to treat. Quick and accurate detection is crucial in containing viral outbreak to avoid a
pandemic, especially when it pertains to a highly infectious novel strain of virus that faces rapid
mutation. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy is a simple, affordable, and robust analytical
technique that is capable of providing a fingerprint of an analyte down to a single molecule. It
emerges as a promising analytical detection method and much attention has been turned
towards its potential in point-of-care diagnosis of virus infection. In this work, a review of
recent advancements in trends of SERS-based biosensing strategies for virus detection is
presented. The possible factors affecting the diagnostic performance of SERS in regards to
virus biosensing are discussed, along with a highlight of prospects and present challenges in
SERS and biosensing technologies. This review aims to serve as a quick overview to
developing future strategies in outbreak prevention and management, and aid in the
advancement of SERS-based viral sensing devices. The current trend of nanobiosensing
appears to be heading towards real-time monitoring of disease progression in the form of point-
of-care microdevices and building a potential database of spectral data from SERS fingerprints
of viruses for quick identification and detection. SERS sensing faces challenges in terms of the
lack of a standard and validated technique of design and fabrication. The methods to fabricate
some excellent SERS sensing schemes required a cost that is greater than the conventional
methods, hindering it from surpassing methods such as ELISA despite the many advantages
over it.

Keywords: SERS, virus, biosensors, nanoparticle, Raman

22

1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021

(IPCoSME 2021)
“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

ORAL BREAKOUT ROOM B: BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE

NO PRESENTER TITLE TIME
10.00 –
RB- CHANIDA SAEWONG PHOTOSYNTHETIC RESPONSE AND
01 (PSU) 10.15 am
OXIDATIVE STRESS IN THE SEAGRASSES,

Halophila ovalis AND Thalassia hemprichii

EXPOSED TO COMBINED HEAT AND HIGH

LIGHT STRESS

RB- NURUL AFZA BINTI AGRO-PHENOTYPIC, PHYSICOCHEMICAL, 10.15 -
02 KARIM AND GENETIC VARIABILITY ESTIMATION 10.30 am
FOR YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF
(UMT) SWEET POTATO [Ipomoea batatas (L.) LAM.]
GENOTYPES CONSERVED IN MALAYSIA

RB- MUHAMMAD HEEMBOO PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND PHOTOINHIBITION IN 10.30 -

03 (PSU) Sonerila picta KORTH. 10.45 am

RB- PANG SUK-MEI ESTIMATING FAMILY RICHNESS OF AQUATIC 10.45 –
04 (UMT) INSECTS IN SELECTED FEEDER STREAMS OF 11.00 am
TASIK KENYIR AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP
WITH THE WATER PARAMETERS

RB- KAY KHINE SOE SHORT BREAK 11.00 -
05 (PSU)
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF SHORT 11.05 am
MACKEREL Rastrelliger brachysoma OFF 11.05 –
PATTANI BAY, THE LOWER GULF OF
THAILAND 11.20 am

RB- MOURIYA GOVINDAN GREEN SYNTHESIS OF CHICKPEA WASTE 11.20 –
06 KOTHANDARAMAN (Cicer arietinum)- DERIVED SILVER 11.35 am
NANOPARTICLE FOR ANTIMICROBIAL
(UMT) APPLICATION

RB- SUPHATSARA BEHAVIOURAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL 11.35 –
07 SANGPHUEAK ADAPTATIONS TO THERMAL STRESS OF 11.50 am
INTERTIDAL LIMPETS: Patelloida saccharina
(PSU) (PATELLOGASTROPODA) AND Siphonaria
guamensis (HETEROBRANCHIA) FROM
SOUTHERN THAILAND

RB- NUR ATIQAH BINTI ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES ACTIVITIES AND 11.50 am
08 MAZNAN
PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS IN THE – 12.05
(UMT)
SCLERACTINIAN CORAL Acropora digitifera pm

Time based on Malaysian Standard Time (UTC+8)

23

1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

RB-01

PHOTOSYNTHETIC RESPONSE AND OXIDATIVE STRESS IN THE
SEAGRASSES, Halophila ovalis AND Thalassia hemprichii EXPOSED TO

COMBINED HEAT AND HIGH LIGHT STRESS

CHANIDA SAEWONG1, PIMCHANOK BUAPET2*

1,2Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of SongKla University

*Corresponding author email: [email protected]

Abstract: Thalassia hemprichii and Halophila ovalis are seagrasses living in the intertidal
zone. When the tide is low during the day, they are exposed to high-intensity light and heat.
These conditions generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and consequently initiate the water-
water cycle (WWC). In the WWC step, superoxide dismutase (SOD) is the first enzyme to
eliminate ROS. If ROS are not detoxified, they will destroy various components of plant cells,
including the photosynthesis mechanism. We compared the photosynthetic response and
oxidative stress caused by the multifactorial factor (light and heat). Divided seagrasses into 4
groups (control: 30°C, 150 µmol photon m-2 s-1, high light stress: 30°C, 1000 µmol photon m-
2 s-1, thermal stress: 42°C, 150 µmol photon m-2 s-1, combined stress: 42 °C, 1000 µmol photon
m-2 s-1), and the experiment lasts for 3 hours. We assessed the effect on photosynthesis by
determining the maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) and the effective quantum yield of
PSII (PSII), as well as oxidative stress-related parameters such as ROS and SOD activity. The
result showed that heat stress had a more significant effect on Fv/Fm than high light stress and
there was an interactive effect of heat and high light. H. ovalis was more sensitive than T.
hemprichii, indicating more severe photodamage. On the other hand, ΦPSII was affected by
high light and heat stress to a similar extent and interactive effects of heat and high light were
also detected. Reduction of ΦPSII in heat-stressed seagrass could be related to a decline in CO2
assimilation, a process susceptible to heat stress. No difference in ROS nor SOD activity was
detected among treatments. Hence, we assumed that these seagrasses might have another
enzyme to exterminate ROS and the decline in Fv/Fm and yield was unrelated to oxidative
stress.

Keywords: chlorophyll fluorescence, high light stress, heat stress, intertidal seagrasses,
oxidative stress

24

1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

RB-02

AGRO-PHENOTYPIC, PHYSICOCHEMICAL, AND GENETIC VARIABILITY
ESTIMATION FOR YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF SWEET POTATO

[Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] GENOTYPES CONSERVED IN MALAYSIA.

NURUL AFZA, K.1,2, AZIZ, A1* AND THIYAGU, D2

1 Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, University Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala
Terengganu, Terengganu.

2 Industrial Crop Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute
(MARDI) Bachok, 16310 Bachok, Kelantan.

*Corresponding author email: [email protected]

Abstract: Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) offers a number of advantages, including
high yield, adaptability, economic value, and nutritional superiority over most staples. To
establish a successful breeding programme, it's crucial to understand the nature and magnitude
of variability among sweet potato genotypes. In this study, a total of 39 sweet potato genotypes
were evaluated for the morphological and physicochemical characteristics. Subsequently, the
degree of variation for the varieties was determined based on quantify genetic variability,
heritability, and genetic advance in terms of growth and yield characteristics. Based on the
dissimilarity distance of 1.0, the hierarchical cluster analysis dendrogram grouped the 39 sweet
potato genotypes into four primary clusters. Ground cover, plant type, twining and vine
internode length, and vine tip pubescence were the most important plant habit features. The
general leaf outline, leaf lobe type, leaf lobe number, and shape of the central leaf lobe were
important traits for leaves. The main character for the storage root is the predominant and
secondary skin and flesh colour. For all traits, results showed that the phenotypic coefficient
of variation (PCV) was larger than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), indicating that
the environment had less influence on their expression. Storage root yield per plant, individual
storage root weight, yield per plot, yield per hectare, and storage root width all had high
heritability (>60 %) and high genetic advance as a percent over mean (>20 %). The results
indicated that the high heritability is attributed to additive gene effects. Sweet potato variety
with those features may be useful in developing appropriate criteria and goals for sweet potato
improvement in breeding programmes. It's also useful for passport data to document the sweet
potato germplasm.

Keywords: sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.), morphological, physicochemical,
genetic variability

25

1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

RB-03

PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND PHOTOINHIBITION IN Sonerila picta KORTH.

MUHAMMAD HEEMBOO1,2*, JAREANSAK SAE WAI1 AND PIMCHANOK
BUAPET 1,2

1 Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, PSU
2 Coastal Oceanography and Climate Change Research Center, PSU

*Corresponding author email: [email protected]
Abstract: The functions of the variegation and anthocyanin accumulation of leaf are still not
clear. These phenomena were found in many understory plants in the tropical rain forest,
including Senorila picta Korth. In the natural settings, we found S. picta with many forms of
leaves such as entirely green (G), variegated green (VG), entirely red (R) and variegated red
(VR). We hypothesise that variegation and anthocyanin accumulation in S. picta have a role in
photoprotection when faced with excess light. The structure of leaves was studied by freehand
cross section. Photoprotective ability was studied in control (ambient light) and high light (with
additional light sources) for eight days, then use chlorophyll fluorescence technique for
assessing photosynthesis parameters and DCF test for Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
analysis. We found anthocyanin accumulation in the vacuole of spongy chlorenchyma and
abaxial epidermis of red leaves (R and VR). Light area of variegated leaves (VG and VR)
displayed loosely arrangement of large size palisade mesophyll instead of normal constrict
palisade mesophyll. After high light exposure, there was no significant difference among leaf
types in maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm), effective quantum yield (YII) and ROS
accumulation. Therefore, different leaf types do not provide a different level of
photoprotection. These findings suggest that the variegation and anthocyanin accumulation of
leaf in S. picta may not have the ability in photoprotection.
Keywords: anthocyanin accumulation, leaf variegation, photoprotection, photosynthesis, S.
picta

26

1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

RB-04

ESTIMATING FAMILY RICHNESS OF AQUATIC INSECTS IN SELECTED
FEEDER STREAMS OF TASIK KENYIR AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH

THE WATER PARAMETERS

PANG SUK-MEI1, WAHIZATUL AFZAN AZMI1 and AMIRRUDIN AHMAD1.2,*

1 Biodiversity and Ecology Research Group, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment,
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.

2 Terrestrial Biodiversity and Aquatic Research, Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and
Sustainable Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu,

Malaysia.

*Corresponding author email: [email protected]

Abstract: Aquatic insects are the most prominent organisms used as bioindicator in freshwater
system due to their sensitivity toward the changes of water quality in stream system.
Consequently, the urgent need of an accurate estimation of richness to provide valuable
information to reflect the actual stream condition. This study was done mainly to estimate the
family richness of the aquatic insect communities as well as to determine the relationship
between the family richness and the water parameters in selected feeder streams and rivers of
Tasik Kenyir, Terengganu. Aquatic insects were collected using disturbance removal
technique, in 2017 and 2019 from 16 streams and rivers that were frequently encountered long
term flooding event especially during monsoon season. There were 42 families of aquatic
insects from eight orders were collected in 2017 while 47 families from seven orders in 2019.
The family observed (Fobs) for both 2017 and 2019 were almost reaching the asymptote as the
family richness estimators predicted only one to three families were missing from the
collections when sample size doubled. Nonetheless, Principle Component Analysis (PCA) had
pointed out water parameters such as pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen and stream velocity
were the most influencing factor on the family richness among the physico-chemical
parameters recorded. The aquatic insects were negatively correlated to all the selected
parameters. Generalized Linear Model (GLM) analysis further suggested, among the selected
parameters, pH was the main determinant factor influencing on the aquatic insect richness at
Tasik Kenyir. These findings revealed that long term flooding event may have substantial effect
to the assemblages of the aquatic insects as well as to stream water quality.

Keywords: estimation, macroinvertebrates, water quality, inundation effect, dam

27

1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

RB-05

REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF SHORT MACKEREL, RASTRELLIGER
BRACHYSOMA, OFF PATTANI BAY, THE LOWER GULF OF THAILAND

KAY KHINE SOE1, 2*, SUKREE HAJISAMAE3, NIRATTISAI PETCHSUPA3,
ZEEHAN JAAFAR4, HISAM FAZRUL5 AND SIRIPORN PRADIT1

1 Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90112,
Thailand

2 Department of Marine Science, Myeik University, Myeik 14051, Myanmar
3 Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani 94000, Thailand

4 Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 11543, Singapore
5 Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, 21030,

Malaysia
*Corresponding author email: [email protected]

Abstract: The reproductive biology of short mackerel, Rastrelliger brachysoma, which forms
spawning aggregation off Pattani Bay was measured by gonadosomatic index (GSI), size at
first maturity (L50) and morphometric maturity classification. There was generally unbalanced
sex ratio between male and female (1.60:1, p<0.0001). Two peaks of GSI were found which
were coincident with two spawning seasons; the pre-monsoon (February) and the south-west
monsoon (May, June, August, and September). The L50 was estimated to be 17.8 cm and 18.3
cm (TL) for male and female, respectively. The morphometric classification indicated that 50%
of R. brachysoma population off Pattani Bay matured at 16.2 cm (TL) and 14.7 cm (FL).
Positive relationships were found between fecundity and total length, total weight, and ovary
weight. The occurrence of immature and maturing stages found throughout the year indicated
that the pattern of catch from this habitat might affect fish recruitment and stock.
Keywords: Fecundity; gonadosomatic index (GSI); morphometric maturity; size at first
maturity (L50); spawning season

28

1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

RB-06

GREEN SYNTHESIS OF CHICKPEA WASTE (Cicer arietinum)- DERIVED SILVER
NANOPARTICLE FOR ANTIMICROBIAL APPLICATION

MOURIYA G K1*, VIGNESWARI S1 AND RAMESHKUMAR S1

1 Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus,
21030, Terengganu, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author email: [email protected]
Abstract: Nanotechnology is a field of research at nanoscale which involves dimensions
between 1 to 100 nanometers. There is a wide scientific interest on the biosynthesis of
nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticle have been known to have inhibitory and bactericidal effects.
The non-hazardous silver nanoparticle synthesis using the extract of biological organism has
gained widespread attention in various field including food sectors. Here, we report on the
development of silver nanoparticles by a reduction of aqueous Ag+ ion with the extract of
biowaste Cicer arietinum peels. In the present study, a unique stable silver nanoparticles were
synthesized by a green route using biowaste of chickpea waste Cicer arietinum peel. The
presence of biosynthesised silver nanoparticle was confirmed by an analysis of colour
variations from pale yellow to reddish brown, as well as the appearance of surface plasmon
resonance (SPR) bands at 400-450nm using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Biosynthesised
silver nanoparticle was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron
microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Biosynthesised silver nanoparticle was
evaluated for their significant effect on antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-
negative bacteria. These results indicate the nanobiocomposite films can potentially be used as
active packaging material for food packaging and preservative applications. This study
highlights innovative development of AgNP with antimicrobial properties from agricultural
waste.
Keywords: silver nanoparticle, antimicrobial properties, nanotechnology, chickpea waste

29

1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

RB-07

BEHAVIOURAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS TO THERMAL
STRESS OF INTERTIDAL LIMPETS: PATELLOIDA SACCHARINA
(PATELLOGASTROPODA) AND SIPHONARIA GUAMENSIS
(HETEROBRANCHIA) FROM SOUTHERN THAILAND

SUPHATSARA SANGPHUEAK1*, GRAY A. WILLIAMS2 AND KRINGPAKA
WANGKULANGKUL1

1Division of Biological Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
2The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences, The University of

Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
*Corresponding author email: [email protected]

Abstract: Temperature is a major abiotic factor that influences the distribution and abundance
of tropical intertidal organisms. These animals have many behavioural and physiological
adaptations to cope with thermal stress during exposure to a severe environment and enhance
survival until the next tidal immersion. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there
are differences in the vertical distribution patterns, rates of water loss, and cardiac performance
when exposed to high temperatures of two limpets, Patelloida saccharina (Patellogastropoda)
and Siphonaria guamensis (Heterobranchia). They are common grazers found on the rocky
shores of southern Thailand. S. guamensis was found on the high shore, while P. saccharina
was found lower, where the temperature was often cooler. At 50 °C, the rate of water loss of S.
guamensis was higher than P. saccharina. The cardiac performance experiment revealed that
S. guamensis died at a higher temperature (49.0±0.56 °C) than P. saccharina (45.8±0.45°C).
Furthermore, it seems that metabolic depression occurred in the heart rate traces of both species
in this study. Understanding physiological processes may explain varied vertical distribution
patterns on shores and provide some insights into the biology of these two groups of gastropods
that co-occur on tropical intertidal rocky shores.

Keywords: thermal stress, adaptation, desiccation, cardiac performance

30

1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

RB-08

ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES ACTIVITIES AND PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS
IN THE SCLERACTINIAN CORAL Acropora digitifera

NUR ATIQAH MAZNAN1, SITI NUR TAHIRAH JAAFAR1,2*

1 Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala
Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

2 Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala
Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

*Corresponding author email: [email protected]

Abstract: Coral reefs are vulnerable to numerous stressors and temporal-related damage to
corals frequently occurred. This event could lead to degradation of coral reef and it is critically
important to understand the cellular mechanism involved in coral behind this situation. In this
study, the activity of antioxidant enzymes glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT)
in corals Acropora digitifera were investigated in order to understand their variations with
respect to different locations and sampling times. The corals were collected on four different
months (March, May, July and September) at three different sites of Pulau Bidong, off coast
of Terengganu, South China Sea, Malaysia. The results demonstrated variation in GST
activities with highest level in May (P<0.05) and in contrast, no significance difference in CAT
activities between different sampling months and sites (P>0.05). In addition, the coral samples
collected in Pantai Pasir Cina showed highest antioxidant activities for both enzymes
suggesting coral in this location are exposed to higher level of oxidative stress. Furthermore,
oxidative stress producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) able to modify proteins, thus, protein
analysis through sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was
used for the separation and identification of proteins. Results obtained from this investigation
clearly revealed some similarities on a portion of redox proteome across different stations and
months of sampling. Some of the proteins appear randomly on certain months indicating
oxidative stress mechanism maybe common and the effects are unique for early warning
observation.

Keywords: oxidative stress, proteomics, Acropora digitifera, antioxidant enzymes, SDS-PAGE

31

1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021

(IPCoSME 2021)
“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

ORAL BREAKOUT ROOM D: MARINE/MARITIME TECHNOLOGY

NO PRESENTER TITLE TIME
2.30 - 2.45
RD- LONG YING PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF Pocillopora pm
01 (PSU) acuta AND Porites lutea UNDER PLASTIC AND
FISHING NET STRESS

RD- AMELIA TAN SUET MAY ADSORPTION AND BIOACCUMULATION OF 2.45 –

02 (UMT) POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS 3.00 pm

AND HEAVY METALS BY

POLYHYDROXYALKANOATE

MICROPARTICLES

RD- TARUN JAIN CORAL RESPONSE TO HEAT STRESS AND 3.00 –
03 (PSU)
HYPOXIA 3.15 pm

RD- PIMRAK MOUNGKEAW PHYSIOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF CORAL 3.15 –

04 (PSU) HOLOBIONT, Pocillopora acuta RESPONSES TO 3.30 pm

THERMAL AND LIGHT STRESSES

SHORT BREAK 3.30 - 3.35
pm

RD- BUTCHANOK KONGKET DETECTION OF MANGROVE FOREST 3.35 - 3.50

05 (PSU) CHANGES IN TRANG PROVINCE, THAILAND pm

USING REMOTE SENSING AND MACHINE

LEARNING

RD- PABLINA CADIZ THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC CHARACTERISTICS 3.50 - 4.05
06 (PSU) AND LEAF LITTER PRODUCTION OF pm
MANGROVE FORESTS IN TRANG, SOUTHERN
THAILAND

RD- LUTFEE HAYEEWACHI INFLUENCE OF ALIEN FALSE MUSSEL 4.05 - 4.20

07 (PSU) Mytilopsis sallei (RÉCLUZ, 1849) ON BENTHIC pm

MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITY IN AN

ESTUARY OF SOUTHERN THAILAND

RD- NUTCHA BUASAKAEW INFLUENCE OF RECRUITMENT, 4.20 - 4.35
08 (PSU) pm
SUBMERGENCE, SALINITY AND

TEMPERATURE ON THE ABUNDANCE OF

ACORN BARNACLES IN ROCK POOLS,

SOUTHERN THAILAND

RD- SAYYED JAHEERA A STUDY ON EFFECT OF SEAWEED BASED 4.35 - 4.50
09 ANWAR GREEN CATALYST ON DYE CONCENTRATION pm
AND CATALYST DOSE AGAINST AZO DYES
(UMT)

Time based on Malaysian Standard Time (UTC+8)

32

1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

RD-01

PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF Pocillopora acuta AND Porites lutea UNDER
PLASTIC AND FISHING NET STRESS

LONG YING 1,2, SUTINEE SINUTOK1,2, PATHOMPONG PRAMNEECHOTE1,2,
PATTARA AIYARAK3, PETER J RALPH4 AND PONLACHART CHOTIKARN1,2,5*

1 Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110,
Thailand

2 Coastal Oceanography and Climate Change Research Center, Prince of Songkla University,
Hat Yai, 90110, Thailand

3 School of Computational Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai,
90110, Thailand

4Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, 2007, Ultimo,
Australia

5Marine and Coastal Resources Institute, Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of
Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Thailand

*Corresponding author email: [email protected]

Abstract: Marine debris has become a global problem affect coral health around the globe.
However, the photophysiological responses of corals to marine debris stress is still not clear.
Therefore, photosynthetic performance, pigment content, symbiont density, and of a branching
coral Pocillopora acuta and a massive coral Porites lutea were investigated after four weeks
of exposure to marine debris. The results show that the maximum quantum yield of PSII
significantly decreased in P. lutea with all treatments whilst, P. acuta showed no effect on the
maximum quantum yield of PSII in all treatments. Transparent plastic bag shading does not
affect P. acuta, but significantly affected the maximum photochemical efficiency of P. lutea.
Photoacclimation of cellular pigment content was also observed under opaque plastic bag
shading for both species at week 2. Fishing nets had the strongest effect and resulted in P. acuta
bleaching and P. lutea partial mortality as well as a decline in zooxanthellae density. This study
suggests that the sensitivities of corals to marine debris differ by species and morphology of
the coral.

Keywords: corals, marine debris, photoacclimation, zooxanthellae

33

1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

RD-02

ADSORPTION AND BIOACCUMULATION OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC
HYDROCARBONS AND HEAVY METALS BY POLYHYDROXYALKANOATE

MICROPARTICLES

TAN SUET MAY AMELIA1, YI TA SHAO2,3 , MENG CHUAN ONG1,4 AND
KESAVEN BHUBALAN1,5,6,7*

1Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
2Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan 20224
3Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan

20224
4Ocean Pollution & Ecotoxicology Research Group, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030

Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
5Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, National Institutes of

Biotechnology Malaysia, 11700 Penang, Malaysia
6Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus,

Terengganu, Malaysia
7Microplastic Research Interest Group, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus,

Terengganu, Malaysia

*Corresponding author email: [email protected]

Abstract: Although the biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoate polymer is being researched and
developed as an alternative plastic material along with increasing concerns regarding plastic
and microplastic pollution, the vector potential of polyhydroxyalkanoate at absorbing and
bioaccumulating pollutants from the surrounding environment into the biological systems of
organisms is not well studied as its fossil-based plastic counterpart. Therefore, the adsorption
and bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals by
polyhydroxyalkanoate microparticles will be investigated on one of the commonly consumed
fish, Tilapia sp. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals will be absorbed into
polyhydroxyalkanoate microparticles using aqueous solution. The concentrations of
phenanthrene, nitrobenzene, copper, and lead in the fish tissues, tank water, and fish faeces will
be measured using high-performance liquid chromatography and compared. The
polyhydroxyalkanoate microparticles are expected to absorb more pollutants than conventional
plastic microparticles. Data could be useful in future policies and enforcement concerning the
manufacturing and application of polyhydroxyalkanoate.

Keywords: polyhydroxyalkanoate, heavy metal, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon,
bioaccumulation, adsorption

34

1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

RD-03

CORAL RESPONSE TO HEAT STRESS AND HYPOXIA

TARUN JAIN1*, MATHINEE YUCHAROEN1 AND PIMCHANOK BUAPET2

1Marine and Coastal Resources Institute, Faculty of Environmental Management and Coastal
Oceanography and Climate Change Research Center (COCC), Prince of Songkla University,

Thailand
2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Coastal Oceanography and Climate Change

Research Center (COCC), Prince of Songkla University, Thailand

*Corresponding author email: [email protected]
Abstract: In recent decades, coral reefs have been suffering an unprecedented decline due to
environmental stress, especially climate change caused by natural fluctuations and
anthropogenic drivers. There is a lack of research in heat-stressed & hypoxic coral reefs and it
is urgent to figure out the extent of this problem and its potential consequences. This research
is required to investigate the physiological response of corals to dissolved oxygen
concentration changes and assess heat stress's synergistic or antagonistic effects with low
dissolved oxygen. Results from this research can help local management bodies predict the
consequences of warming and hypoxia, locate sensitive coral species, define measurable goals,
and timely deploy management strategies to mitigate local stressors and better plan restoration
activities. We measured the effects of hypoxia on maximum quantum yield of Porites lutea,
Acropora millepora and Pavona decussata during our preliminary experiment and found that
A. millepora was most effected by hypoxia compared to other two species with mortality
observed in 36 hours of treatment. The results from preliminary experiment and future
experiment designs are discussed for this conference.
Keywords: Climate change, corals, deoxygenation, heat stress, hypoxia

35

1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

RD-04

PHYSIOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF CORAL HOLOBIONT, Pocillopora acuta
RESPONSES TO THERMAL AND LIGHT STRESSESTITLE

PIMRAK MOUNGKEAW1*, MATHINEE YUCHAROEN1 AND SUTINEE
SINUTOK2

1 Marine and Coastal Resources Institute, Faculty of Environmental Management and Coastal
Oceanography and Climate Change Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai,
Songkhla, 90110 Thailand
2 Faculty of Environmental Management and Coastal Oceanography and Climate Change
Research Center, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, 90110 Thailand

*Corresponding author email: [email protected]

Abstract: Coral bleaching events in global and regional scales have seriously affected on coral
mortality and their ability to recover. There is spatial variability in bleaching response in Thai’s
water reefs based on their experience with thermal stress or environmental conditions. In
cellular scale, coral and its zooxanthellae would able to adapt or resist to higher sea surface
temperature. Hence, photosynthetic responses of P. acuta from different environments were
investigated under elevated temperature and light conditions. Coral nubbins from turbid and
non-turbid environment, Panwa Cape and Maiton Island, Phuket, Thailand were collected and
exposed to four treatments in wet lab: 1) ambient temperature, ambient light 2) ambient
temperature, high light intensity, 3) high temperature, ambient light, and 4) high temperature,
high light intensity. The experiment was conducted for 14 days of gradual temperature
increasing and decreasing. Photosynthetic performance, zooxanthellae density and chlorophyll
concentration were measured. Synergistic effects of heat and light stresses were observed on
P. acuta from both sites as shown in decreased maximum quantum yield and relative electron
transport rate, loss of zooxanthellae association and reduction of chlorophyll a and c2
concentrations. However, corals from turbid reef showed an ability to recover when
temperature was reduced. Therefore, we suggested that corals from Panwa Cape was more
resistant than Maiton under same stressors leading to difference capacity to survive after coral
bleaching event.

Keywords: coral bleaching, heat stress, light stress, PAM fluorometry, photosynthesis

36

1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

RD-05

CHANGE DETECTION OF MANGROVE FOREST IN TRANG PROVINCE,
THAILAND USING REMOTE SENSING AND MACHINE LEARNING

BUTCHANOK KONGKET1*, PONLACHART CHOTIKARN2AND SUTHINEE
SINUTOK3

1 Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, 90110 Songkhla,
Thailand

2 Coastal Oceanography and Climate Change Research Center, Prince of Songkla University,
90110 Songkhla, Thailand

3 Marine and Coastal Resources Institute, Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of
Songkla University, 90110 Songkhla, Thailand

*Corresponding author email: [email protected]
Abstract: Mangrove forests have significant environmental and ecological values that fulfil
many important functions, such as providing habitat for organisms and mitigating climate
change. Machine learning coupled with remotely-sensed images has been applied to mangrove
mapping and monitoring. In this study, we use the medium-resolution satellite images from
Landsat-5, 7 and 8 and random forest classifier (RF) to perform change detection on mangrove
forests in Sikao, Kantang, Hadd Samran and Palian districts, Trang Province. Mangrove
coverage and mangrove change maps were generated to identify both mangrove distribution
and temporal variation in 1990, 2001, 2016 and 2019. We found that approximately 4% of
mangrove area in 2019 was lost from 1990 (1,258 ha). For the classification methods, the RF
classifier achieved overall accuracy greater than 97%. This study presented a suitable approach
for mangrove mapping and change detection analysis. The maps provide an up to date
information for the study areas and can be used for future comparative studies.
Keywords: landsat, mangrove classification, pixel-based classification, random forest

37

1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

RD-06

THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC CHARACTERISTICS AND LEAF LITTER
PRODUCTION OF MANGROVE FORESTS IN TRANG, SOUTHERN THAILAND

PABLINA CADIZ1,2,3, SUTINEE SINUTOK22,4 AND PONLACHART
CHOTIKARN1,2,3,4*

1Marine and Coastal Resources Institute, Faculty of Environmental Management,
Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Thailand

2Coastal Oceanography and Climate Change Research Center, Prince of Songkla
University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand

3Silliman University Institute of Environmental and Marine Sciences, Dumaguete City,
Philippines 6200.

4Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110,
Thailand

*Corresponding author email: [email protected]

Abstract: The significance of the study is to provide information on the photosynthetic
performance and litter production of planted (PLA) and natural (NAT) mangroves in Trang,
Southern Thailand. Relative chlorophyll content and other photosynthetic parameters such as
Phi2, PhiNO, PhiNPQ and PhiNPQt and litter fall production were determined between two
stands of mangroves. The measurements of photosynthetic parameters using photosynQ were
obtained to assess the health of the community structure in both stands. The t-test with unequal
variances confirmed the assumption of this study that there is no significant difference in any
measured photosynthetic parameter between the two stands (p > 0.05). Changes occurred
quarterly and in sites with different species. In terms of the litter production, significant
differences were found by stand (p < 0.001), season (p < 0.05), and site (SI (F)3,129( = 4.357,
p < 0.01 and KA (F)3,190( = 3.243, p > 0.01(. This study hypothesized that the PLA stands
have lower performance in photosynthetic activity and litter production than the NAT stands.
This study established the effects of land use changes on the PLA mangroves (planted in an
abandoned shrimp pond). The overall significance of the study is to highlight positive outcome
on the impacts of mangrove restoration, particularly in degraded mangrove stands due to land
use change.
Keywords: Ecology, mangroves, primary production, physiology, restoration

38

1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

RD-07

INFLUENCE OF ALIEN FALSE MUSSEL MYTILOPSIS SALLEI (RÉCLUZ, 1849)
ON BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITY IN AN ESTUARY OF
SOUTHERN THAILAND

LUTFEE HAYEEWACHI1*, EKNARIN RODCHAROEN2,3,
KRINGPAKA WANGKULANGKUL1

1Coastal Ecology Laboratory, Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of
Songkla

University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand 90110
2Aquatic Science and Innovative Management Division, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of

Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand 90110
3Discipline of Excellence for Sustainable Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of

Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand 90110

*Corresponding author email: [email protected]

Abstract: False mussel Mytilopsis sallei is one of the most widespread aliens invasive mussel
in the Indo-Pacific and has been reported to be introduced to the south of the Gulf of Thailand.
Investigation of the influence of mussel-modified habitat on benthic macroinvertebrate
community, amount of organic matter and sediment particle, as well as examine how these
biological and physical parameters vary seasonally was carried out in Pawong canal, Songkhla
Lagoon System. We compare benthic macroinvertebrate community (in term of community
composition, species richness, total number of individuals, and biodiversity) amount of organic
matter, and sediment particle between mussel-modified habitat and outside. We found 29 taxa
and detected the difference in community composition between mussel-modified habitat and
outside. Species richness, total number of individuals and biodiversity in mussel-modified
habitat was greater than outside. While organic matter and sediment particle were not different.
This study demonstrates that mussel-modified habitat had a positive effect on benthic
macroinvertebrate community by increasing in species richness, total number of individuals,
and biodiversity, while deposition was not affected by M. sallei filter-feeding activity.

Keywords: Invasive species, Mytilopsis sallei, benthic invertebrate community, habitat
complexity, Songkhla Lagoon System.

39

1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

RD-08

INFLUENCE OF RECRUITMENT, SUBMERGENCE, SALINITY AND
TEMPERATURE ON THE ABUNDANCE OF ACORN BARNACLES IN ROCK

POOLS, SOUTHERN THAILAND

NUTCHA BUASAKAEW1* AND KRINGPAKA WANGKULANGKUL1

1Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand

*Corresponding author email: [email protected]

Abstract: Rock pool is a common feature on intertidal rocky shores. There are usually utilized
as a refuge for marine organisms. However, water parameters in rock pools can fluctuate
drastically in a tidal cycle, which can affect organisms physiologically. From observations,
acorn barnacles (Cirripedia: Balanomorpha) were relatively rare in rock pools compared to
emergent rock. This study aims to compare the abundance of barnacles in rock pools and on
emergent rocks and investigate recruitment and post-recruitment processes that might influence
their distribution pattern. Submersion experiment was conducted. The survival of barnacles in
a simulated pool condition (continuous submergence) was compared to the conditions they
experience on emergent rock (periodical submergence). Barnacles were also reared at different
salinities and temperatures to examine effect of both parameters on their survival if they live
in pools. Study was done on two species of barnacles Chthamalus malayensis Pilsbry, 1916
and Amphibalanus amphitrite (Darwin, 1854). Results showed that abundance of C. malayensis
differed between two habitats while difference was not found for A. amphitrite. Barnacles
recruited on emergent rocks more than rock pools. In submersion experiment, survival of C.
malayensis differed between treatments. After two weeks, there was no mortality found in
periodical submergence treatment while percentage survival in continuous submergence
treatment was lower than 90. Whereas percentage survival of A. amphitrite was not different
between treatments. In salinity × temperature experiment, survival of C. malayensis and A.
amphitrite were low in low salinity and high temperature treatment. This study suggests that
C. malayensis and A. amphitrite may recruit into rock pools, but the combination of continuous
submergence, low salinity and high water temperature in rock pools can be causes of barnacles
mortality.

Keywords: rock pools, tide pools, intertidal, submergence, acorn barnacles

40

1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

RD-09

A STUDY ON EFFECT OF SEAWEED BASED GREEN CATALYST ON DYE
CONCENTRATION AND CATALYST DOSE AGAINST AZO DYES

SAYYED JAHEERA ANWAR1, HANIS MOHD YUSOFF1,2 AND IRSHAD UL HAQ
BHAT3

1Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala
Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

2Advanced Nano Materials (ANoMa) Research Group, Faculty of Science and Marine
Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu,

Malaysia
3Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences,

Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwaldi 1a, 51014 Tartu, Estonia

*Corresponding author email: [email protected] & [email protected]

Abstract: Azo dyes are considered as harmful water pollutant due to their carcinogenic nature
which has been a major concern these days. Palladium nanoparticles have been proved to be
one of the best catalysts for the degradation of the azo dyes. Hence, in this study we have
adopted a green approach for the synthesis of Palladium Nanocatalyst (PdNC) using an aqueous
extract of Sargassum species. The obtained PdNC was characterized by using various
instruments like Ultraviolet-visible, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra X-ray
diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and thermo
gravimetric analysis. The catalytic activity and reaction kinetics against different azo dyes like
Congo red (CR), Methyl orange (MO) and Methyl red (MR) were carried out in presence of
NaBH4 and followed pseudo first order reaction kinetics. The effect of PdNC activity on dye
concentration and effect of PdNC dose against the different azo-dyes (CR, MO, and MR) was
studied. It was revealed that the effect on different dye concentration has shown the highest
degradation at 0.1 mM, 0.08 mM, 0.1 mM for CR, MO, and MR respectively; while, the effect
of PdNC load has shown the highest degradation at 40, 60 and 80 (1μg/1μL) for CR, MO, and
MR respectively. The overall percent degradation calculated was around 95–99% within 10
min for all the organic azo dyes. The degradation pattern observed for all three dye were found
to be in an order CR > MO > MR after PdNC treatment. In conclusion it can be considered
that the PdNC has exhibited excellent degradation activity against Congo red, Methyl orange
and Methyl.

Keywords: Sargassum, NaBH4, congo red, methyl orange and methyl red

41

1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021

(IPCoSME 2021)
“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

ORAL BREAKOUT ROOM E: APPLIED SCIENCE

NO PRESENTER TITLE TIME

RE- MOHAMAD AQMAL BIN WHEN TO STOP SAMPLING? ESTIMATING FISH 2.30 - 2.45

01 MOHD NASER SPECIES RICHNESS IN TASIK KENYIR, pm

(UMT) PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

RE- KITTIWARA GARBAGE SITUATION AND MANAGEMENT AT 2.45 –
02 SORNPLANG THE COMMUNITIES IN THE SMALL ISLAND: A 3.00 pm
CASE STUDY OF LIBONG ISLAND, TRANG
(PSU) PROVINCE, THAILAND.

RE- MUHAMMAD ASYRAF A CO-CULTURE BETWEEN Fusarium sp. AND 3.00 –
03 BIN ZAWAWI Streptomyces sp. SUK10 USING METABOLOMIC 3.15 pm
APPROACH AND ITS BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES
(UMT)

RE- MUHAMMAD ANIQ IDENTIFICATION OF SECONDARY 3.15 –
04 HAMZAH BIN MOHD METABOLITES FROM THE FRUITS OF Vitex 3.30 pm
rotundifolia AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL
AZMI ACTIVITIES
(UMT)

SHORT BREAK 3.30 - 3.35
pm

RE- NURUL IZZATI BINTI ELUCIDATION OF THE SECONDARY 3.35 - 3.50

05 ROSDI METABOLITES FROM A CO-CULTURE pm

(UMT) BETWEEN Fusarium sp. AND Curvularia sp. AND

THEIR BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES

RE- SARVEISHWHARY A/P MAGNETIC EFFERVESCENT TABLET- 3.50 - 4.05
06 RAJENDRAN ASSISTED IONIC LIQUID DISPERSIVE LIQUID- pm
LIQUID MICROEXTRACTION USE FOR PRE-
(UMT) CONCENTRATION OF MULTI
PHARMACEUTICAL DRUGS FROM WATER
WITH THE AID OF EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
METHODOLOGY

RE- SYAHARIL SAIDIN THE EFFECT OF SUBSTITUENTS AND 4.05 - 4.20
07 (UMT) ELONGATED CONJUGATION ON THE pm
ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF
MONOSUBSTITUTED ALKOXY CHALCONES
AS POTENTIAL OLEDS CANDIDATURE

RE- MAS MOHAMMED THEORETICAL ASSESSMENT AND SYNTHESIS 4.20 - 4.35
08 (UMT) OF CONJUGATED ETHYNYLATED- pm
CHALCONES AS ACTIVE
ELECTROLUMINESCENCE MATERIALS IN
ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODES (OLEDS)

RE- MARIANI BINTI AHMAD POLYMERIC FUNCTIONAL MEMBRANES FOR 4.35 - 4.50

09 (UMT) TOTAL ALKALINITY MEASUREMENT: pm

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION

Time based on Malaysian Standard Time (UTC+8)

42

1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

RE-01

WHEN TO STOP SAMPLING? ESTIMATING FISH SPECIES RICHNESS IN
TASIK KENYIR, PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

MOHAMAD AQMAL-NASER1 AND AMIRRUDIN B AHMAD1, 2, *

1 Biological and Ecological Research Group, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala
Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

2 Terrestrial Biodiversity and Aquatic Research, Institute of Tropical Biodiversity and
Sustainable Management, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu,

Malaysia

*Corresponding author email: [email protected]
Abstract: The information on species richness is critical especially for the conservation of
biodiversity, but requires exhaustive sampling efforts and proper detection methods in order to
get a reliable data. Hence, we explore the use of nine non-parametric estimators to estimate
fish species richness at Tasik Kenyir, Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia. The performances of
each estimator were then evaluated to determine the precision, bias, and accuracy of each
estimator. The species richness estimators predicted a minimum of 61.00 ± 10.51 and a
maximum of 79.18 fish species at Tasik Kenyir, an additional of three to 21.18 species. The
predictions were closed to the 58 observed species, indicating the usefulness of those estimators
for the well-collected data and species-rich ecosystem. The results were concurrent with the
values of the adjusted estimated range, sampling intensity, percentage of inventory
completeness, and inventory completeness index. Chao1 estimator was chosen as the best
species richness estimator for Tasik Kenyir based on three evaluation criteria used. We
conclude that the application of species richness estimation is reliable, and essential for
biodiversity assessment in the reservoir systems.
Keywords: accuracy, biodiversity, freshwater fishes, inventories, sampling effort, (how many)

43

1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

RE-02

GARBAGE SITUATION AND MANAGEMENT AT THE COMMUNITIES IN THE
SMALL ISLAND: A CASE STUDY OF LIBONG ISLAND, TRANG PROVINCE,
THAILAND

KITTIWARA SORNPLANG1,2*, SIRIPORN PRADIT1,2 AND THONGCHAI
NITIRATSUWAN3

1Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90110,
Thailand

2 Coastal Oceanography and Climate Change Research Center, Prince of Songkla University,
Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand

3 Faculty of Fisheries Science and Technology, Trang Campus, Rajamangala University of
Technology Srivijaya, Trang, 92150, Thailand

*Corresponding author email: [email protected]
Abstract: The objective of this study was to study the situation and solid waste management
of communities on Libong Island, Trang Province by using quantitative research methods. The
sample groups were composed of 260 households. Data were collected using questionnaires
for interviewing the villagers. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA
and chi-square statistics. The results were as follows: 1) Most household waste per week was
general waste which mostly occurred from the use of daily necessities followed by organic
waste which largely occurred from cooking. 2) Waste separation in the communities, most of
the sample groups had garbage separation before disposal. 3) Waste disposal, most of the
sample groups had organic waste disposal as organic fertilizer. There was general waste
disposal by placing garbage bins for being collected by local government organization. There
was recycling waste disposal by selling and the disposal of dangerous waste by placing rubbish
bins for being collected by local government organization. 4) Waste management behaviours
were conducted such as separating garbage before disposal, avoiding and reducing the use of
foam and plastic bags, etc. The sample groups in each village behaved themselves in various
ways differently (P<0.05). On the other hand, it was found that the sample groups had no
different understanding of waste management. The majority of the sample groups agreed that
the solutions to garbage management problems in Libong should be 1) organizing campaign
activities 2) training to provide knowledge and 3) providing public relations for garbage
management continuously and seriously.

Keywords: behaviour, household waste, garbage disposal and garbage separation

44

1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

RE-03

A CO-CULTURE BETWEEN FUSARIUM SP. AND STREPTOMYCES SP. SUK10
USING METABOLOMIC APPROACH AND ITS BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES

MUHAMMAD ASYRAF ZAWAWI1, MARIAM TAIB1, KAMARIAH BAKAR2,
NORAZIAH MOHAMAD ZIN3, SAIF ALDEEN MOHAMMAD FAYIZ JABER4,

RUANGELIE EDRADA-EBEL4 AND NOOR WINI MAZLAN1,2*

1Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala
Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

2Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus,
Terengganu, Malaysia

3Center of Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences,
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abd Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

4Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, The
John Arbuthnott Building, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, Scotland

*Corresponding author email: [email protected]

Abstract: Microorganisms including fungi and bacteria play important roles in natural product
drug discovery to treat various diseases. Due to misuse of available drugs, antimicrobial
resistance (AMR) of bacteria was developed. Besides, isolation and identification of
metabolites use classical approach often lead to re-discovery of known metabolites, perhaps
largely unexplored. Various experimental designs have been attempted to produce new
metabolites with different and enhance biological activities. Thus, in this study, a co-culture
method is used to activate silent gene clusters of microbial to suppress the capability of
microbial in producing new secondary metabolites, which are usually silent under individual
growth condition. The co-culture between Fusarium sp. and Streptomyces sp. SUK10 used
different media and growth condition to give crude extracts. Only the crude extract from co-
culture day 7 in Wickerham broth (FS7) showed significant antibacterial activity on the Gram-
positive bacteria- Micrococcus sp., Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus with minimum
inhibition concentration (MIC) values of 1.25 mg/mL, 0.313 mg/mL, and 1.25 mg/mL,
respectively, compared with mono- and other co-culture extracts were inactive. Meanwhile,
nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
coupled with multivariate analysis and dereplication study were used to fast track the

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1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

identification of metabolites produced in different culture method. The differences in chemical
profiles between mono- and co-cultures extracts were confirmed using principal component
analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-
DA). The loadings plot of unsupervised PCA and supervised OPLS-DA analysis showed that
the co-culture FS7 extract was outlier, giving the known metabolites identified as 4-hydroxy-
2-nonylquinoline (1), 3-hydroxydecanoic acid (2) and FA 4283 (3) (Figure 1), while the
unknown metabolites with m/z 649.382 [M-H]-, 677.413 [M-H]-, 527.320 [M+H]+ and
1031.650 [M+H]+ which were absence in their parent cultures. In conclusion, the co-culture
triggers the production of potent new metabolites which could enhance the antibacterial
activity.

Keywords: Fusarium sp., Streptomyces sp., co-culture, multivariate, metabolomics

12 3

Figure 1. Secondary metabolites 1-3 which were produced in the co-culture between
Fusarium sp. and Streptomyces sp. SUK10, day 7 (FS7).

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1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

RE-04

IDENTIFICATION OF SECONDARY METABOLITES FROM THE FRUITS OF
VITEX ROTUNDIFOLIA AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES

MUHAMMAD ANIQ HAMZAH MOHD AZMI1, NURUL LAILI ROSLI1, SUVIK
ASSAW1,2, MOHD EFFENDY ABD WAHID3 AND NOOR WINI MAZLAN1,2*

1Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala
Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

2Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus,
Terengganu, Malaysia

3Faculty of Fisheries and Food Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu. 21030, Kuala Nerus,
Terengganu, Malaysia

*Corresponding author email: [email protected]

Abstract: Over the years, natural based drugs have been considered as one of the most
important aspect in pharmaceutical industries due to the presence of the secondary metabolites
which give nutritional and medicinal values to the plant. Coastal plant Vitex rotundifolia, or
also known as beach Vitex was traditionally used to treat various diseases and exhibited
different various pharmacological properties. In this study, the secondary metabolites and
biological activities from the crude extract of V. rotundifolia fruits were investigated.
Fractionation and isolation of the methanolic crude extract V. rotundifolia fruits used
chromatographic techniques to give 10 major fractions. Only fractions F8, F9 and FF showed
potent antioxidant activity using DPPH radical scavenging assay with 50% of inhibition
concentration (IC50) values of 0.831 mg/mL, 0.651 mg/mL, and 0.687 mg/mL, respectively.
Meanwhile, the evaluation of antibacterial activity on the fractions used agar-disk diffusion
method. Amongst tested fractions, fractions F3 and F5 showed potent antibacterial activity on
Staphylococcus aureus with minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) values of 0.625 mg/mL
and 1.25 mg/mL, respectively. Thus, isolation of the secondary metabolites gave four pure
metabolites 1-4, and their molecule structures were identified using one and two- dimensional
nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1D & 2D-NMR) including casticin (1), p-
hydroxybenzoic acid (2), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3) and vitexilactone (4) (Figure 1). In
conclusion, the results from this study show that the fruit extract of V. rotundifolia give potent

47

1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

bioactive compounds on antioxidant and antibacterial activities and could be further explored
for future medicinal purposes.

Keywords: Vitex rotundifolia, antioxidant, antibacterial, chromatographic, NMR

1 23 4

Figure 1. Secondary metabolites 1-4 which have been isolated from the methanolic fruit
extract of V. rotundifolia.

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1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

RE-05

ELUCIDATION OF THE SECONDARY METABOLITES FROM A CO-CULTURE
BETWEEN Fusarium sp. AND Curvularia sp. AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL
ACTIVITIES

NURUL IZZATI ROSDI1, KHOR CHEN TER1 AND NOOR WINI MAZLAN1,2*

1Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala
Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

2Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus,
Terengganu, Malaysia

*Corresponding author email: [email protected]

Abstract: Endophytic fungi are important in drug discovery in searching novel and active
metabolites due to its sustainable and re-producible under laboratory compared with the host
plants. However, the use of single culture usually leads to the production of known compounds
with similar bioactivities. Therefore, in this study, a co-culture method between endophytic
fungi Curvularia sp. and Fusarium sp. which have been isolated from mangrove plant
Avicennia lanata was performed in rice medium at different growth stages to trigger the
production of different metabolites which are not in their parent cultures. Evaluation of
antioxidant activity on the crude extracts used DPPH scavenging assay, possessing in enhance
activity on the crude extract from co-culture on day 15 (FC15) with 50% inhibition
concentration (IC50) value of 2.8 mg/mL compared with mono- and other co-culture extracts.
Meanwhile, fractionation of the FC15 extract gave 17 major fractions, in which fraction F17
showed potent antibacterial activity on the Gram-positive bacteria Micrococcus sp. and
Bacillus cereus with minimum inhibition concentration values of 0.3125 mg/mL and 5 mg/mL,
respectively. Further isolation on FC15 extract gave three pure compounds and their molecule
structures were identified using one and two dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance
spectroscopy, namely as monocerin (1), ergosterol peroxide (2) and acuminatopyrone (3)
(Figure 1). The cytotoxicity activity on the isolated compounds were also investigated using
MTT assay, in which compounds 1-3 showed potent activity on cervical cancer (HeLa) cell
with IC50 values of 1.531 µg/mL, 6.848 µg/mL and 10.34 µg/mL, respectively. While the
cytotoxicity on breast cancer (MCF-7) cell of compounds 1-3 showed significant activity with

49

1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

1 (IC50 value = 2.783 µg/mL), 2 (IC50 value = 14.31 µg/mL) and 3 (IC50 value = 19.27 µg/mL).
In conclusion, the bioactive extracts from the co-culture was enhanced and could be further
investigated for future pharmacological properties.
Keywords: endophytic fungi, co-culture, antioxidant, antibacterial, cytotoxicity

1 23
Figure 1. Secondary metabolites 1-3 which have been isolated from co-culture extract FC15.

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