International Postgraduate Conference IPCoSME 2021

1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

RE-06

MAGNETIC EFFERVESCENT TABLET-ASSISTED IONIC LIQUID DISPERSIVE
LIQUID-LIQUID MICROEXTRACTION USE FOR PRE-CONCENTRATION OF

MULTI PHARMACEUTICAL DRUGS FROM WATER WITH THE AID OF
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN METHODOLOGY

SARVEISHWHARY RAJENDRAN1, SAW HONG LOH1,
MARINAH MOHD ARIFFIN1, WAN MOHD AFIQ WAN MOHD KHALIK*1

1Faculty of Science and Marine Environment
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

*Corresponding author email: [email protected]

Abstract: A simple, rapid, effective and eco-friendly method based on magnetic effervescent
tablet-assisted ionic dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by high performance
liquid chromatography diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) analysis was developed for the
simultaneous determination of multi pharmaceutical drugs. Drugs namely atenolol, lovastatin,
metoprolol, gliclazide, nifedipine, metformin, caffeine and acetaminophen were chosen as
model analytes. The objective of this research work to formulate and characterize the
effervescent tablet properties, construct an optimum condition for microextraction procedure
and evaluate the greenness profile of the proposed method. In the procedure, an effervescent
tablet containing CO2 sources (sodium bicarbonate and citric acid), ionic liquid
([BMIM][PF6]), glycerine (binder) and iron oxide nanoparticles was prepared using a wet
granulation method. The tablet properties were evaluated through physical and chemical
characterisation includes scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron
microscope (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), Fourier transform infrared
spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Seven parameters influencing the
microextraction efficiency, such as weight of tablet (1-2 g), number of effervescent tablets (1-
2 pieces), volume of ionic liquid (100-500 µL), pH of sample solution (5-9), effect of
temperature (15-75 ˚C), solidification time (3-15 minutes) and volume of diluent solvent (250-
1250 µL) were screened and optimised using 27-Placket-Burman design and 25-central
composite design, respectively. Under optimised conditions, highest extraction recovery
obtained when setting the weight of tablet (1 g), number of tablets (2 pieces), volume of ionic
liquid (500 µL), pH (9), temperature (45 ˚C), solidification time (7.5 minutes) and volume of
reconstituting solvent (750 µL) were fixed throughout experimental works. The analytical eco-
scale and green analytical procedure index, GAPI confirmed the greenness of the method
through a calculated score of 88 and has 6 green criteria, respectively.

Keywords: effervescent tablet, ionic liquid, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction,
pharmaceutically active compounds

51

1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

RE-07

THE EFFECT OF SUBSTITUENTS AND ELONGATED CONJUGATION ON THE
ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF MONOSUBSTITUTED-ALKOXY CHALCONES

AS POTENTIAL OLEDs CANDIDATURE

SYAHARIL SAIDIN1, WAN MOHD KHAIRUL WAN MOHAMED ZIN1*

1Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu 21030, Kuala
Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

*Corresponding author email: [email protected]

Abstract: Essentially, the development of chalcones derivatives shows interest in many
optoelectronics devices including Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs) due to their unique
electronic properties. In general, chalcone consists of two phenyl rings with , -keto-enol
group were modified with addition of substituents and elongation of their molecular
framework. In this contribution, three novel series of chalcones derivatives with different
substituents which display D--D architecture were successfully designed and synthesized.
One of the terminals (D) are trifluoromethyl (CF3) and diphenylamine (C12H11N) while the
other terminal (D) represents the alkoxy chain (OCnH2n+1) (where n: 6, 7, 8) in which stabilized
their molecular structure. The alteration of bond by introducing triple bond (CC) was carried
out in order to elongate the molecule. This combination and modification are believed to
enhance the charge transfers along the molecule to occur efficiently thus increasing their
conductivity of electrical current. The assessments of these series were successfully
characterized by spectroscopic and analytical analyses such as infrared (IR), UV-Visible (UV-
Vis), UV-Fluorescence (UV-FL), Nuclear Magnetic resonance (NMR), thermogravimetric
(TGA), and cyclic voltammetric (CV) analysis. In turn, the HOMO – LUMO energy band gap
was calculated via quantum mechanical theory which proved the value of energy separation in
the range of 3.28 eV to 3.95 eV, to act as semiconductor materials. The evaluation of the
conductivity of these derivatives with voltage up to 200 mV exhibits good performances in IV-
curve measurement and their capability in exhibit electroluminescence behaviour shows a great
potential as OLEDs materials.

Keywords: chalcones, D--D architecture, conductivity, electroluminescence behaviour,
OLEDs

52

1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

RE-08

THEORETICAL ASSESSMENT AND SYNTHESIS OF CONJUGATED
ETHYNYLATED-CHALCONES AS ACTIVE ELECTROLUMINESCENCE

MATERIALS IN ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODES (OLEDs)

MAS MOHAMMED1, WAN MOHD KHAIRUL WAN MOHAMED ZIN1*, FAZIRA
ILYANA ABDUL RAZAK2

1Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala
Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.

2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM
Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author email: [email protected]

Abstract: Conjugated ethynylated-chalcones exploration are rather scarce although their
molecular build-up should have attracted attention as active electronic components due to their
unique behaviour in exhibiting luminescence properties. Conjugated ethynylated-chalcone
derivatives consist of combination of two individual moieties of (C≡C) and chalcones in
extending their conjugated system with D-π-A system of different substitutions. Besides, the
presence of π-conjugated system makes the mobility of the electrons higher which gives
excellent luminescence properties. Therefore, in this study, four series of ethynylated
conjugated chalcones with general formula A−C2H2C(O)ArCCAr−D were successfully
synthesized which A consists of naphthalene (C10H8) (a), anthracene (C14H10) (b), pyrene
(C16H10) (c), triphenylamine (C18H15N) (d) substituents, while D having of H (1), NO2 (2), CN
(3), and CF3 (4) substituents. All compounds were characterized via typical spectroscopic and
analytical techniques including nonlinear optical (NLO) as well as IV curve characterization
and electroluminescence study. In turn, quantum chemical calculation using Gaussian 09 and
Gaussian 16 software were used to support and compare with the experimental findings. From
the results obtained, these derivatives have higher thermal stability and exhibit high
fluorescence properties. In addition, the energy gaps are relatively small which fall in
semiconducting materials range. These compounds also have excellent NLO behaviour by
showing higher first polarizability and able in conducting electricity while emitting light in
electroluminescence assessment. Therefore, with the findings, these types of molecular
framework bearing ethynylated-chalcones have good potential to be applied as active materials
in any microelectronic devices in the near future.

Keywords: ethynyl, chalcone, conjugation, nonlinear optical, OLEDs

53

1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

RE-09

POLYMERIC FUNCTIONAL MEMBRANES FOR TOTAL ALKALINITY
MEASUREMENT: PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION

MARIANI AHMAD1, AZRILAWANI AHMAD1*

1Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala
Nerus, Terengganu

*Corresponding author email: [email protected]

Abstract: Total alkalinity is one of the important parameter in the regulation of seawater
carbonate chemistry system in determine the capacity of water to neutralize acid. However,
the measurement of total alkalinity using standard titration method is limited and time
consuming. Thus, a new approach for total alkalinity determination using the polymeric
functional membrane was developed due to its excellent chemical properties. The system is
based on two key elements which are proton pump and pH probe membranes that were
synthesized with selective ionophore, plasticizer, additives, porous membrane and appropriate
solvent. The surface morphology of the membranes were thoroughly studied using Scanning
Electron Microscope (SEM) at certain magnification, and it showed that the pH probe
membrane showed a line-like surface with less porous structure, while proton pump membrane
showed the presence of crater-like structure. The absorption of membranes were studied using
Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) region. The pH probe membrane has higher absorbance reading
compared to proton pump membrane and the peak appeared in the region of 533 nm. The
functional group of the membranes were analysed using Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectroscopy (FTIR) to confirm the constituent of the blends samples. Both membranes
showed almost similar FTIR spectra, indicates the functional group of the material composition
of membrane at the same wavenumber. The electrochemical behaviour of membranes were
evaluated by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) using Glassy Carbon (GC) electrode in potassium
ferricyanide electrolyte, with potential range of -0.2 V to +0.8 V. The voltammogram of proton
pump membrane has higher current reading compared to the pH probe membrane. Based on
the findings for preparation of membranes, it showed that both of the membranes can be
potentially use for the combined selective proton pump and pH probe membrane as it showed
excellent properties of membranes.

Keywords: total alkalinity, pH probe membrane, proton pump membrane, electrochemical cell

54

1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021

(IPCoSME 2021)
“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

POSTER BREAKOUT ROOM C: POSTER

NO PRESENTER TITLE TIME

RC- BASIRAH MOHD AZAM SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF 10.00 –

01 TITANIUM DIOXIDE NANOWIRES/REDUCED 10.10 am

GRAPHENE OXIDE (TiO2NWs/RGO) HYBRID

FOR DYE DEGRADATION IN WASTEWATER

RC- SIWANART MACROFAUNA DISTRIBUTION AND 10.10 –
02 RUANGSUWAN 10.20 am
RELATIONSHIP WITH THE ENVIRONMENTS

ALONG PHAWONG CANAL FLOWING TO

SONGKHLA LAKE

RC- MUHAMMAD AMIR EFFECT OF TiO2 CONCENTRATION IN TiO2/G- 10.20 –
03 FIKRI BIN MD FAUZI
C3N4 PHOTOCATALYST FOR 10.30 am

PHOTODEGRADATION OF METHYLENE BLUE

RC- INTAN FAZRIA BINTI THE IMPORTANCE IN UNDERSTANDING 10.30 –
04 RIDWAN 10.40 am
WILDLIFE UTILISATION IN ORANG ASLI

TRADITIONAL CULTURE FOR

CONSERVATION

RC- NUR NASUHA BINTI SHORT BREAK 10.32 -
05 ZOLKIFLI
CREATING AWARENESS AMONG ORANG ASLI 10.40 am
SCHOOL CHILDREN TOWARDS THE 10.45 –
MALAYAN PANGOLIN CONSERVATION
10.55 am

RC- MOHAMAD SOFI ABU VIBRIOSIS CONTROL STUDY OF 10.55 –
06 HASSAN BIOSYNTHESISED GOLD NANOPARTICLES 11.05 am
(AuNPs) IN WHITELEG SHRIMP, Litopenaeus
vannamei

RC- NURFARAH AINI BT BRIEF PERSPECTIVE IN BIOLOGICAL 11.05 –
07 MOCKTAR 11.15 am
SYNTHESIS OF NOBLE METALLIC
NANOPARTICLES – APPLICATIONS AND

CHALLENGES

RC- NUR SHUHAILA INVESTIGATING THE PLAUSIBLE 11.15 –

08 HARYANI BT ABD HARIS CONFORMATION AND ANION RECEPTOR 11.25 am

POTENTIAL OF FLEXIBLE AMIDE LIGANDS

VIA THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL

APPROACHES

Time based on Malaysian Standard Time (UTC+8)

55

1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

RC-01

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE
NANOWIRES/REDUCED GRAPHENE OXIDE (TIO2NWS/RGO) HYBRID FOR

DYE DEGRADATION IN WASTEWATER

BASIRAH MOHD AZAM1,*, MUHAMMAD AMIR FIKRI MD FAUZI1, MOHD
HASMIZAM RAZALI2, MOHD AL AMIN MUHAMAD NOR2

1Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,
21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia

2Advanced Nanomaterials Research Group, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment,
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

*Corresponding author email: [email protected]
Abstract: The aim of this research is to improve the photocatalytic efficiency by
implementation of TiO2NWs/RGO hybrid photocatalyst that was synthesized using fabrication
method for dye degradation. Physiochemical properties of the photocatalysts synthesized were
investigated by FTIR, XRD, SEM, TGA, and BET analysis. The effect of different amounts of
RGO in hybrids was studied in removal of methyl orange (MO). 100% of methyl orange (MO)
was degraded by TiO2NWs/RGO (1:0.5) hybrid photocatalyst under UV light within 210
minutes using 0.1 gram at initial concentration of MO at 20 ppm in a short time. This is due
the 1D/2D heterostructures of TiO2NWs/RGO hybrid photocatalyst that leads to the larger
surface area, unique morphological and crystallinity properties, as well as excellent mobility
of charge carriers and thermally stable structure.
Keywords: nanocomposites, photocatalyst, Graphene, degradation, dye

56

1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

RC-02

MACROFAUNA DISTRIBUTION AND RELATIONSHIP WITH THE
ENVIRONMENTS ALONG PHAWONG CANAL FLOWING TO SONGKHLA

LAKE

SIWANART RUANGSUWAN1,2, MATHINEE YUCHAROEN 1,2*AND EKNARIN
RODCHAROEN3

1Marine and Coastal Resources Institute, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
2Coastal Oceanography and Climate Change Research Center, Prince of Songkla University,

Songkhla, Thailand
3Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
*Corresponding author email: [email protected]
Abstract: Macrobenthic fauna is important to the ecosystem as it plays a considerable role in
nutrient cycles. Some species of macrofauna can be built a habitat for other benthic species
too. This study was conducted to survey macrobenthic fauna diversity at the Phawong Canal,
Songkhla Lake in order to investigate the seasonal variation of benthic species and their
relationship to environmental factors. The field observations were performed at 3 month
intervals from January to April 2021. Both biological samples and corresponding
environmental factors as water and sediment qualities were collected from 8 stations along
Phawong Canal. The preliminary results reveal a gradient of environmental factors that related
with abundance and diversity of macrobenthic fauna. Our data will propose to be an indicator
for coastal pollution.
Keywords: abundance, diversity, macrobenthic fauna, Songkhla

57

1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

RC-03

EFFECT OF TIO2 CONCENTRATION IN TIO2/G-C3N4 PHOTOCATALYST FOR
PHOTODEGRADATION OF METHYLENE BLUE

MUHAMMAD AMIR FIKRI MD FAUZI1, MOHD HASMIZAM RAZALI12*, MD
UWAISULQARNI OSMAN1, BASIRAH MOHD AZAM1

1Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,
21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

2Advanced Nanomaterials Research Group, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment,
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

*Corresponding author email: [email protected]
Abstract: Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been one of the most important inorganic materials in
both fundamental research and industrial applications. Because of its outstanding chemical
stability, unique physical and chemical properties, low cost, non-toxicity, and ease of
preparation. Mesoporous materials are especially appealing as a photocatalyst because their
pores structure allows for extremely fast diffusion, adsorption, and photoreactions onto the
surface and pores. g-C3N4 has a narrow band gap energy, it can exhibit excellent photocatalytic
properties in visible light. The g-C3N4 was synthesized from urea and formed a yellow powder
g-C3N4. The anatase TiO2 was synthesized via hydrolysis method by using titanium
tetrachloride (TiCl4). The TiO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposite was fabricated via hydrolysis by
various amounts of TiCl4 ranging from 5 to 25 ml. The samples have been characterized by
using FTIR, XRD, SEM and TGA. The photocatalytic activity was conducted by using a
predetermined amount of photocatalyst on 20 ppm of methylene blue (MB) under UV
irradiation for 30 min light off and 300 min light on. Kinetic study as calculated by using
Langmuir−Hinshelwood model pseudo-first-order equation. The TiO2/g-C3N4 (2:1) perform
better compared to TiO2/g-C3N4 (2.5:1) in both photodegradation efficiency and kinetic study
as excess TiO2 particles can easily destroy the heterojunction between g-C3N4 and TiO2 and
cause the photodegradation efficiency to decrease. The TiO2/g-C3N4 (2:1) 100% degraded
within 270 min with a rate constant of 0.0156 min-1 and TiO2/g-C3N4 (2.5:1) 90% after 330
min degradation with a rate constant of 0.0105 min-1. The assembly of TiO2 and g-C3N4 is
thought to be the most efficient synthesis technique for creating large area heterojunctions and
surface contacts, as well as increasing the photonic efficiency of the nanocomposite.

Keywords: nanocomposites, TiO2, g-C3N4, photocatalytic degradation, methylene blue

58

1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

RC-04

THE IMPORTANCE IN UNDERSTANDING WILDLIFE UTILISATION IN ORANG
ASLI TRADITIONAL CULTURE FOR CONSERVATION

INTAN FAZRIA RIDWAN¹* & CHONG JU LIAN¹, ²
¹Faculty of Science & Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,

21030 Kuala Nerus,Terengganu, Malaysia
²Institute of Tropical Biodiversity & Sustainable Development, Universiti Malaysia

Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
*Corresponding author email: [email protected]
Abstract: In recent years, some wildlife species are threatened and on the brink of extinction.
The loss of wildlife was induced by human activities such as poaching and hunting. Termed as
‘first people’, Orang Asli are unique people living in remote areas and have strong dependence
on forest products for their livelihood. Understanding the utilization of wildlife in traditional
Orang Asli culture is vital for the development of laws and practices to protect vulnerable and
threatened wildlife populations since they are involved in wildlife trade. Therefore, this study
investigate how wildlife species were utilized within various aspects in Orang Asli culture. A
semi-structured interview was carried out in Orang Asli village of Peninsular Malaysia. The
results found that Orang Asli utilised wildlife in various aspects of their living. Findings of this
study will be helpful in fostering more effective and sustainable utilization of wildlife among
Orang Asli community as well as implementing strategies for future conservation.
Keywords: Orang Asli, wildlife, traditional culture, Malaysia

59

1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

RC-05

KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS OF ORANG ASLI’S SCHOOL CHILDREN
TOWARDS THE SUNDA PANGOLIN CONSERVATION

NUR NASUHA ZOLKIFLI 1, CHONG JU LIAN 1*

1 Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,
21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

*Corresponding author email: [email protected]
Abstract: The Malayan Pangolin (Manis javanica Desmarest) is the only pangolin species
found in Malaysia. It is threatened by illegal hunting and habitat loss. One of these threats
could be the lack of awareness of the people towards pangolin and its conservation. Since
the human factor is linked to the Malayan Pangolin population decline, an education of
conservation strategy that involved school children was tested out. The purposes of this study
are to determine the knowledge of school children and to increase their awareness towards
Malayan Pangolin. A total of 87 school children from five Orang Asli schools in Peninsular
Malaysia were selected to answer a questionnaire which was designed to assess their
knowledge towards the Malayan Pangolin and its conservation. The data was analyzed using
descriptive statistic consist offrequency and percentage. Overall, the results of the study
showed that the outreach program conducted had raised awareness towards pangolin
conservation among school children. The finding revealed respondents were able to describe
the basic knowledge of pangolins and their knowledge increased after the outreach. There is
significant difference of knowledge among school children towards the pangolin
conservation (Paired T-Test; p = 0.000) as compared to before and after the outreach
campaign. As such, it is recommended that an earlier exposure towards conservation
education among school children is needed to strengthen the efforts in conserving Malayan
Pangolin in Malaysia.

Keywords: Malayan Pangolin, awareness, conservation, perception questionnaire

60

1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

RC-06

VIBRIOSIS CONTROL STUDY OF BIOSYNTHESISED GOLD NANOPARTICLES
(AuNPs) IN WHITELEG SHRIMP, Litopenaeus vannamei

MOHAMAD SOFI ABU HASSAN 1, NOOR ANIZA HARUN1,2*

1Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HiCOE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and
Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu
2Advanced Nano Materials (ANoMA) Research Group, Faculty of Science and Environment,

Universiti Malaysia Terengganu

*Corresponding author email: [email protected]

Abstract: Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) is a newly emerged bacterial
pandemics caused by a strain of bacteria named Vibrio parahaemolyticus, severely affected
Whiteleg Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. AHPND has caused a significant 70 % decline in
shrimp aquaculture and a collective loss exceeding US $43 billion across Asia. Possible control
measures to reduce the risk of AHPND outbreaks have to be found out urgently. Gold
nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been known to have antimicrobial properties arise from their size
and materials. Given its size advantage that is small enough and comparable with the dimension
of bacteria. This gives it the ability to attach to the biological entity without changing its
functions and induced its toxicological effect on the bacteria. However, there are several safety
concerns on environmental toxicities associated with the use of nanoparticles (NPs) especially
their behaviour and fate in aquatic organisms and the environment. Therefore, this study will
investigate the utilisation of green-technology produced gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)
synthesised through a marine worm, Marphysa moribidii. This study aimed to evaluate the
morpho-physicochemical, antimicrobial properties and toxicity of green synthesised AuNPs
administered orally in shrimp against an experimental infection with V. parahaemolyticus. In
the meantime, the survival rate and tissue damage through histology of challenged shrimps will
be investigated and hope the green synthesised AuNPs will produce a promising alternative to
the control of V.parahaemolyticus in the shrimp industry, by extension contribute to the
development of strategies to control AHNDP disease.

Keywords: Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND), Litopenaeus vannamei,
Vibrio parahaemolyticus, aquaculture, gold nanoparticles

61

1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

RC-07

BRIEF PERSPECTIVE IN BIOLOGICAL SYNTHESIS OF NOBLE METALLIC
NANOPARTICLES – APPLICATIONS AND CHALLENGES

NURFARAH AINI MOCKTAR1 AND NOOR ANIZA HARUN1,2*

1Faculty Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala
Nerus, Terengganu

2Advanced Nano Materials (ANoMA) Research Group, 1Faculty of Science and Marine
Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu

*Corresponding author email: [email protected]
Abstract: Nanotechnology is a rapidly growing field with a wide range of applications in
several fields of technology and research. Nanoparticles are synthesized using a variety of
processes due to their wide range of applications. Chemical contamination during the synthesis
procedures, as well as later applications and the usage of higher energy, are some of the limits
of traditional chemical approaches. Over the last decade, research has focused on developing
easy, clean, non-toxic, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly nanoparticle production
procedures. Biosynthesis approaches have been developed to fill this gap in order to achieve
this goal. The biosynthesis of nanoparticles is a straightforward, one-step, environmentally
friendly, and green process. Biological agents such as metabolic processes convert dissolved
metal ions to nano metals. Plant tissues, fungi, bacteria, and other biological agents are utilized
in the manufacture of noble metal nanoparticles. We presented a brief perspective on the
biosynthesis of noble metal nanoparticles by using different sources of biogenic reducing
agents, and their applications and challenges will also be discussed.
Keywords: biosynthesis, noble metallic nanoparticles, applications, challenges

62

1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

RC-08

INVESTIGATING THE PLAUSIBLE CONFORMATION AND ANION RECEPTOR
POTENTIAL OF FLEXIBLE AMIDE LIGANDS VIA THEORETICAL AND
EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES

NUR SHUHAILA HARYANI ABD HARIS1, MOHD SUKERI MOHD YUSOF1,2,
FAZIRA ILYANA ABDUL RAZAK3 AND MAISARA ABDUL KADIR1,2*

1Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala
Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.

2Advanced Nano Materials Research Group, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment,
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM
Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

*Corresponding author email: [email protected]

Abstract: The flexibility in the structure of molecules allows the compounds to exhibit more
than one conformation to be adopted, such as in a cis-cis or cis-trans conformations. This
conformation is important to be understood especially in the design of anion receptors, that
require a cis-cis conformation targeting for larger space of anion pocket. In this study, the
conformations and anion receptor potential of three novel amide compounds namely 1,2-
bis[N,N’-6-(4-pyridylmethylamido)pyridyl-2-carboxyamido]butane (L1), 1,2-bis[N,N’-6-(4-
pyridylmethylamido)pyridyl-2-carboxyamido]pentane (L2) and 1,2-bis[N,N’-6-(4-
pyridylmethylamido)pyridyl-2-carboxyamido]hexane (L3) were investigated via
spectroscopic and theoretical approaches. The density functional theory (DFT) studies reveal
that the three compounds are stable in the U-shaped or cis-cis conformation with optimization
energies calculated as -4989268.52 kJmol-1, -5092503.75 kJmol-1 and -5195687.84 kJmol-1
respectively, compared to the trans-cis conformations. Investigation using UV Vis titration
showed that compound L3 has high potential to bind with chloride anions, compared to other
investigated anions.

Keywords: amide, spacer, flexible, DFT, computational, anions

63

1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

SPECIAL THANKS TO:

The Judges:
UMT

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ong Meng Chuan
Dr. Muhammad. Hafiz Borkhanuddin
Assoc. Prof ChM. Dr. Hanis Mohd Yusoff
Assoc. Prof. Faizatul Shimal Mehamod
Assoc. Prof. ChM. Dr. Mazidah Mamat

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Chong Ju Lian
Dr. Md Suffian Idris

Dr. Siti Nor Khadijah Addis
Dr. Suzana Misbah
Dr. Fazilah Ariffin
Dr. Syara Kassim

PSU:
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Siriporn Pradit
Asst. Prof. Dr. Pimchanok Buapet
Asst. Prof. Dr. Manasawan Saengsakda Pattaratumrong

Dr. Mathinee Yucharoen
Dr. Prakrit Noppradit

Moderators:
ChM Dr. Tuan Mohamad Fauzan
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Fatimah Hashim

Dr. Siti Sofo Ismail
Dr. Nurul Shahida Redzuan
Dr. Siti Nur Tahirah Jaafar

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1st INTERNATIONAL POSTGRADUATE CONFERENCE ON SCIENCE AND MARINE ENVIRONMENT 2021
(IPCoSME 2021)

“Environmental Sustainability Enhancement Through the Collaboration of Sciences”

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