Learning English Sentence Types with English and Thai Proverbs

1006480 SENIOR PROJECT

Learning English
Sentence Types
with English and
Thai Proverbs

TANUTCHAYAPOHN SRIMUEANG
6031006090

Preface

This E-booklet aims to fill a basic knowledge gap about
English and Thai proverbs that have similar meanings

and English sentence types. It should be used as a
textbook for learners who have little or no knowledge of

those mentioned above.
This E-booklet could not have been completed without
the help and encouragement from many people. I would
like to express my thank to Prof. Yodwadee Yimyoo and
Prof. Benjamas Thaicharoen who advise me during this

study.

TANUTCHAYAPOHN SRIMUEANG

What's inside

What Is a Proverb? 01

Sentence Types in Proverb 02

Daily Life Section 03

As you saw, so you shall reap. 04

What goes around, comes around. 06

A bad workman always blames his tool. 08

You cannot eat your cake and have it too. 10

He who laughs best laughs last. 12

Cut your coat according to your cloth 14

Where there’s a will, there’s a way. 16

Don’t cross a bridge until you come to it. 18

Let bygones be bygones. 20

Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched. 22

Some people cannot see the wood for the trees. 24

Homer sometimes nods. 26

What's inside

A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. 28
Action speaks louder than words. 30
All are not thieves that dogs bark at. 32
Social Life Section 35
Still water runs deep. 36
It takes two to make a quarrel. 38
Beauty is only skin-deep. 40
Speech is silver, silence is golden. 42
Barking dogs seldom bite. 44
Exercises 46
References 47

What is a
proverb?

Proverbs are a short phrase or sentence that guides
or leads people to act in a certain way which mostly
shows life experiences, beliefs, norms, and values.

are a combination of the culture, norms, and even
values of people in each region.

are categorized into two types :
Conveying the meaning explicitly without any

interpretation.
Hide the meaning which the reader or listener has

to interpret and has to have background
knowledge of that culture.

01

Sentence Types in
Proverbs

Proverbs can be written or spoken in different
sentence types such as simple, complex,

compound, and compound-complex sentences.

Simple Sentence Compound Sentence

contains only one contains two or more
main clause, and independent clauses

there is no which coordinate
subclause conjunctions are the part

that differentiates
between independent

clauses

Complex Sentence Compound-complex
Sentence
contains a main clause
and a subclause. The sub- contains one or
more subordinate
clause of a complex clauses and at least
sentence could be a two independent
nominal, an adjectival, or
clauses.
adverbial clause.
02

Daily Life
Section

The daily life section refers to the principle
that people should adopt or follow in their
everyday lives in order to act in a certain

way which is not to be off track.

03

As you sow, so you shall reap.

หวา่ นพชื เชน่ ไรยอ่ มไดผ้ ลเชน่ นนั

Whatever you do to others, it will happen to you.
If you do good things, it will happen to you as
well. However, things take time which will not
happen immediately (Farlex, n.d. &
Chaiyapoomtom, 1994).

Complex sentence

How do we know?

‘As you sow’ is a dependent or subordinate
clause that cannot stand alone, and ‘you shall
reap’ is an independent clause. However, ‘so’

is added, the second part could also be a
dependent clause as well.

04

Anna always helps Adam to pass his school
years, but in the last month of school, Anna
has some problems with her family. So, she
does not have much time to complete her final
project. Adam sees Anna being so stressed

then he goes and asks her with concern

Adam: Hey Ann. Are you okay?
Anna: Hey Adam. I am so stressed to finish my project.
Lately, I have had some issues with my family.

Adam: Oh! I am sorry to hear that. I can help you with your
project tho. You always help me, so don’t worry I will surely
help you. As you sow, so you shall reap. You know when you do
good things to people, like me, I really appreciate it, and I want
to do the same for you whenever I can.

Anna: That means a lot to me. Thank you so much, Adam.

05

What goes around, comes
around.

กงเกวยี นกําเกวยี น

If you treat other people badly, other people will
treat you badly as well. On the other hand, people

will treat people well if you treat them well
(Merriam-Webster, n.d. & Chaiyapoomtom, 1994).

Compound sentence

How do we know?

‘What goes around’ is an independent clause,
and ‘(it) comes around’ is another

independent clause. In this case, ‘it’ is
omitted, but it is still in a compound sentence

type.

06

Mark is unemployed, and Phil is an owner of a huge
company. At midday, Mark met Phil in the subway
station. Phil was going on the train, but suddenly Mark
tried to push Phil out because he wanted to go in first.
It is not only that, Mark turned back and blamed Phil
so badly for not looking around carefully. With a
coincidence, Mark applied for a job in Phil’s company.

Mark: Good morning sir.
Phil: (smirk)... Good morning. I am afraid that our company
may not accept a rude person to be our asset.

Mark: Wa What happens? Did I irritate you, sir?
Phil: (smirk)... A subway station… What goes around, comes

around. You did a bad thing to me once. Well.. here’s your
turn. Do you know in life, you should never treat someone
bad because those bad consequences will eventually come

back to you like today.

07

A bad workman always
blames his tools.

ราํ ไมด่ โี ทษปโทษกลอง

It refers to the situation when someone does
something unskillful, and it turns out to be bad
quality, and that person blames on other things else
instead of him/herself (Oxford University Press,

n.d. & Chaiyapoomtom, 1994).

Simple sentence

How do we know?

The word ‘bad’ works as an adjective that modifies the noun
‘workman’, and ‘a’ modifies that ‘workman’ is appearing in a
singular. Also, the word ‘always’ functions as a modifier of
the verb ‘to blame’ that shows the frequency of the action.

The noun ‘tools’ which is appearing in a plural form; ‘s’
added. The word ‘his' is a personal pronoun attached with the

word ‘tools’ to express the possession.

08

There is a little boy named Kevin. He lives with his
grandmother named Sofia. Kevin loves to play with Sean,
his best friend in the neighborhood. One day, Kevin invited
Sean to come to help Kevin’s grandmother to bake almond

cookies. Sean took responsibility to bake almonds, and
Kevin was the one who mixed the ingredients. Everything
was fine, but the outcome was a little wrong. The almond

cookies were not sweet at all.

Sean: I think we missed something, grandma.

Kevin: (nervous)... Is it the almond? I think it is overcooked. You
baked the almond.

Sean: No No I mean the taste. The sugar I think.

Kevin: Don’t blame me!!! You... Grandma, Sean overcooked the
almond, right?

Sofia: My little Kevin, don’t be a bad workman who always

blames his tool. You know that it is not a good thing to not

accept our fault. Even though a small mistake like this, you still

cannot accept it then how are you supposed to learn more in

your life? Remember that it is nothing bad to make a mistake.

Instead of blaming people or things, it is better when you just 09

accept, learn from it and do better next time.

You cannot eat your cake
and have it too.

จบั ปลาสองมอื

It refers to a situation when a person has or does
two or multiple things at the same time, but it is
impossible to have or do at the same time. The

result may be to lose them all (Cambridge
Dictionary, n.d. & Chaiyapoomtom, 1994).

Simple sentence

How do we know?

Even the word ‘and’ appears in the sentence which
could show the rule of a compound sentence, but
‘and’, in this term, function as a link of two verbs
which are ‘to eat’ and ‘to have’. It appears as a
compound verb. This proverb can be understandable
if it is written ‘you cannot eat and have your cake’.

10

Johan is a handsome guy, and Judy is an ordinary girl who
loves to eat sweets. They are a happy couple. One day,

Johan has to move for his work in another country. After
Johan moved to a new place for a few months, he met

another beautiful girl. Johan has been hiding the fact that
he is also in a relationship with another girl. One day, Judy
wants to surprise Johan. She decided to go to meet Johan

but Johan is with the other girl.

Judy: What on earth?!!!! What!! Why?!!!! Honey, how could you
do this to me? That is why you have been distant lately.

Johan: Wait! Judy, it is not what you think. She… She... She is
just…

Judy: Come on, Joe. You know the fact of life that you cannot
have your cake and eat it. To be greedy choosing two things at
the same time, you may lose everything. Imagining that you have
a piece of cake and eat it, the result is that there is no more
cake left in the hand. The picture is clear that the hand will be
empty. You see.. you end up hurting everyone including yourself
too. You need to choose one way, Joe.

Johan: Babe..I..I...I can’t

Judy& the girl: I shall go. Bye forever, Joe. 11

He who laughs best laughs
last

หวั เราะทีหลังดงั กวา่

It refers to people who are not yet successful
now may succeed in the future (Cambridge
Dictionary, n.d. & Chaiyapoomtom, 1994).

Complex sentence

How do we know?

‘He’ works as a subject of the sentence, and
‘laughs last’ is a predicate which ‘he laughs last’

could be a full form or an independent clause.
‘Who laughs best’ is a dependent clause which
this clause cannot stand alone as a complete

sentence.

12

There is a football match between Riverpub and
Seashall. Tommy is a coach for Riverpub for many
years, and Chanler is an important player on the
team. The match arrives at the end, and Seashall is
leading by one more goal than Riverpub. Chanler is
now so stressed about the important goal that he

will have to shoot.

Chanler: Coach, Riverpub seems to be winning. They
started celebrating the victory already.

Tommy: Kid! Don’t be stressed. If they celebrated too soon,
they may lose against our team. The advantage may not be
for them forever. They may be careless when it arrives at
the point that they hold the upper hand. However, the
situation may twist where our team also could have the
same opportunity as them. We just try our best until the
end, and let's see what will be the result. Remember he who
laughs last, laughs best. Do you best boy!!!

Chanler: I will, coach.

13

Cut your coat according to
your cloth

นกนอ้ ยทํารงั แต่พอตัว

Before doing anything, we should make plans and
decisions that are based on what we have. We should

not do beyond the limit we have (Cambridge
Dictionary, n.d.& Chaiyapoomtom, 1994).

Simple Sentence

How do we know?

The subject is omitted, and the main verb is 'to cut'. ‘To cut’ is
a transitive verb that requires an object to complete the
sense. Therefore, ‘your coat’ functions as an object of the

verb ‘to cut’. 'According to your cloth' is a prepositional phrase
that modifies the main verb.

14

There is a lovely middle-class family. There is only a little
boy in the family which is Robert, fourteen years old with

innocent eyes. All of Robert’s friends are from a high-
class family. Most of the time, he gets thousands of
stories from his friends about how they live a luxurious
life. It makes him dreaming of staying in an expensive
hotel and spending money on toys. On Friday, Robert

starts to talk to his mom about his coming dream
weekend.

Robert: Mama, can we go to a luxurious place and stay in an
expensive hotel this weekend?

Mother: Oh, my dear son. Your dad and I would love to do that,
but we should cut our coats according to our clothes. I am afraid

that we don’t have that much money to afford that, my love.
Just imagine that if we use all the money we have, how are we
going to live after coming back from the luxury trip? We should

just be happy with what we have, and the happiness will be
longer with us. One more thing is that when people start to

want to have or to be like others, they would lose their
conscience and value till it is too late for them to realize.

Robert: I don’t want to be like that mommy. I just want us to

enjoy ourselves together. 15

Where there’s a will, there’s a
way.

ความพยายามอยูท่ ีไหนความสาํ เรจ็ อยู่
ทีนัน

If we have a will to do something, there is always a
way to accomplish what we want (Cambridge
Dictionary, n.d.& Chaiyapoomtom, 1994).

Complex sentence

How do we know?

‘Where there is a will’, there is the word ‘where’ at the
beginning of the clause which is a relative pronoun, and
that causes a clause to be a relative clause. This clause
also seems to be a subordinate clause. ‘Where there is a
will’ functions as a modifier or an adjectival of the half

part ‘there is a way. Besides, ‘there is a way’ is an
independent clause as it can be understood when it

stands alone.

16

There are siblings who have to live on their own
when their parents pass away. Jessica is the older
sister, and Jorge is the younger brother. Jessica
has to work day and night to get the money for
both of them. Jorge is still a student majoring in

engineering. He arrives in the last year of the
study. However, he is getting unmotivated.

Jessica: My sweet, are you okay? What’s wrong?
Jorge: kinda. Have you ever been unmotivated?

Jessica: Of course! Everyone arrives at this point, but when
your dream is the only goal you set, the effort is everything.

Jorge: I know, sis, but why is it so far away from me? The
more I try to reach it, the more it goes further. I am getting

tired. I want to quit.
Jessica: You went through more than half of your way. Where
you have the will, surely, there is a way.
Believe me! With all the will and effort you put, you will finally

surely reach your dream. Just be patient and wait for it. 17

Don’t cross a bridge until
you come to it.

อยา่ ตีตนไปก่อนไข้

It is not necessary to worry too much about the
situation that will happen in the future (Farlex,

n.d. & Chaiyapoomtom, 1994).

Complex sentence

How do we know?

‘Do not cross the bridge’ seems to be an independent
clause of the sentence that the subject is omitted or

ellipsis. Ellipsis is the omitting of the subject or
conversational deletion which is only used in a spoken or
informal way (Cambridge, n.d.). ‘Until you come to it’ is a
dependent clause. It is considered as a dependent clause or

sub-clause because of the word ‘until’.

18

Max is a good student who always has a
high grade. To keep all his standards high,
he always studies hard every night after
school. One day, he was sick, and he did
not have the energy to read. He became

worried because soon enough it will be
exam season.

Father: What is the thing that disturbs you?

Max: My exam. I have not reviewed the lessons for three days
already. What do I do if I fail the exam?

Father: Calm, boy. You are sick. What you need to do now is
eat well and rest well. Your health is the most important.

Max: But I cannot accept it if I fail, dad. I was the best and I
am always the best. I need to study.

Father: Max, listen to me! Do not cross the bridge until you

come to it! What it will give you is only an uncomfortable

feeling. It does not help anything that you are only too

worried about the future. You aren't even sure what will

happen exactly. Also, you'd always been studying non-stop.

You will be fine. Your grades will be fine, Max. 19

Let bygones be bygones.

สงิ ทีแล้วไปแล้ว ก็ใหแ้ ล้วไป

To forgive someone when they have done
something wrong without any revenge (Collins,

n.d.& Chaiyapoomtom, 1994).

Simple sentence

How do we know?

‘Let bygones be bygones’ tends to be an inappropriate
standard English grammatical. The correct form of ‘to be’
could be ‘are’ because the first noun ‘bygones’ appears as a

plural form or -s adding, and the second ‘bygones’ could
function as a noun or an adjective. When the sentence
appears ‘to let bygones be bygones’, the sense of the
sentence is understandable and completed without other

independent clauses.

20

There are two friends, Joffrey and Sansa. They always
support each other. One day, they got an assignment to
create artwork individually. It was a big work that could
build a huge reputation for them. Joffrey trusts Sansa,

so he talked to her about his idea. Unfortunately for
Joffrey, Sansa stole his idea, and that destroyed their
friendship to ashes. Years and years pass, and one day,

they have time to open up and talk to each other.

Sansa: Jof, you are still mad at me?
Joffrey: Well...if you were me, you would understand.

Sansa: You knew that it is not worth it to hold the past.
The more you think of it, the more it hurts you. It has
already passed, you should just let it go. I am truly sorry,
Jof. I didn't mean to steal your work. I was too young to
realize. I want our old-time back. You were my true friend.
A great true friend I ever had.
Joffrey: (Sigh)... Let’s put all the bitterness behind, and let

bygones be bygones.

21

Don’t count your chickens before
they are hatched.

ไมเ่ หน็ นาํ อยา่ เพงิ ตัดกระบอก ไมเ่ หน็
กระรอกอยา่ เพงิ โก่งหนา้ ไม้

We should not put ourselves depending on something
that we hope to happen in the future which may not
be a certain thing that will truly happen (Cambridge

Dictionary, n.d.& Chaiyapoomtom, 1994).

Complex sentence

How do we know?

‘Do not count your chickens’ seems to be an independent
clause that the subject is omitted or ellipsis. ‘Before they

are hatched’ seems to be a dependent clause that
modifies the main clause ‘do not count your chickens’.
Further, ‘before they are hatched’ is considered as a
dependent clause or sub-clause because of the word

‘before’.

22

Cersei is a confident girl who thinks that guys
would bend their knees asking her to the

party. Brienne is one of Cersei’s friends who
always gives advice to Cersei. There is a

birthday party, and of course, Cersei plans to
buy a new expensive dress.

Cersei: Brienne, I planned to buy a beautiful red dress for the
coming birthday party. What do you think of this one?

Brienne: Honestly, I don’t think it is necessary. And...did you
get the invitation?

Cersei: Not yet, but soon I am sure.
Brienne: You should not count your chickens before they

hatched, Cersei. You still don’t get an invitation yet. What is
the point of over-preparing things that you do not even know

whether what you expect will happen? You will waste your
time and money. I suggest waiting for it till it really happens

first before preparing things.
Cersei: Okay okay! Still, I am pretty sure they will invite me.

23

Some people cannot see the
wood for the trees.

เสน้ ผมบงั ภเู ขา

It refers to a person who only concentrates on a
small detail rather than understanding a whole

picture of what they are doing (Cambridge
Dictionary, n.d.& Kaochalad, 1994).

Simple sentence

How do we know?

There is only one independent clause in this proverb. The
phrase ‘some people’ functions as the subject of the sentence.

The verb ‘see’ appears in a base form which functions as a
non-finite verb that modal verbs usually attach which in this
sentence is ‘cannot'. Besides, ‘the wood’ functions as an object
of the sentence which has the prepositional phrase ‘for the

trees’ attached to modify the object.

24

A girl, Gilly, is working on an individual project. She
is a bit lost on what to do for her work. Mary is a
teacher who assigns the project that Gilly is doing

right now. One day, Gilly cannot stand her
confusion, so she decides to see the teacher. She
explains the point that she does not understand
and asks the teacher questions about what makes

her worry for weeks.

Gilly: What should I do next?
Mary: You need to see the wood for the trees first.
Try to understand the whole picture of the project

first and stop looking at the minor detail for now
then you will overcome it. Sometimes looking too

much on the detail may make you lost.

25

Homer sometimes nods.

สเี ท้ายงั รพู้ ลาด นกั ปราชญย์ งั รพู้ ลัง

It refers to the situation that sometimes gifted
people or people who profess with something still
make mistakes. That means that whoever also
makes mistakes. It is normal for humans to miss

something (Oxford University Press, n.d.&
Chaiyapoomtom, 1994).

Simple sentence

How do we know?

The noun ‘Homer’ functions as a subject of the
sentence, and the verb ‘nods’ functions as the main

verb of the sentence that follows the rule of
subject-verb agreement. Furthermore, the verb
‘nod’ is a transitive verb that does not require an
object. Besides, the adverb ‘sometimes’ functions as

a modifier of the verb ‘nod’.

26

Benjamin is a famous architect. He has a
lot of art buildings that are well known all
over the world. One day, an architecture
school invited him to give a presentation to
the last year students. Osha is the top ten
students of the year, but she lost last year.

Osha: May I ask you a question?... Have you ever done
something wrong during work?

Benjamin: Of course, I always make a mistake whenever I
have a new project.

Osha: How do you manage it? I mean you are one of the
professional architects!

Benjamin: Well...even though I have a lot of experiences, it
does not mean that I cannot miss a step! Even Homer
sometimes nods, so of course, I or everyone can make

mistakes. It does matter when you make a mistake and learn
from it.

27

A bird in the hand is worth
two in the bush.

สบิ เบยี ใกล้มอื

It is better to be happy with what you have
rather than to risk losing everything by seeking

to get more (Martin, n.d.& Kaochalad, 1994).

Simple sentence

How do we know?

The noun ‘bird’ is the subject of the sentence that has
the prepositional phrase ‘in the hand’ to modify itself.
The verb ‘is’ functions as the main verb of the sentence.
Moreover, the adjective ‘worth’ functions as an object
of the sentence that has two modifiers which are ‘two’
as an adverb and ‘in the bush’ as a prepositional phrase.

28

Tommen is an accounting manager. He does not
like his job much, so he plans to quit and find

another job. William is Tommen’s best friend who
always gives Tommen advice. One day, Tommen
finally took a decision to quit the job, but all he
could think about was his best advisor, William.

Tommen: I am planning to quit my job. Do you think I should
quit now or wait for more?

William: I don’t think either of them is a good idea.
Tommen: Why not? I am really not happy with this work. I
want a better job. The one that makes me happy.

William: You are now a manager, and with this situation…
better to keep doing your job. You should choose a bird in
your hand because it is worth two in the bush. You already

have a good position. Why do you want to lose it? After
quitting the job, you may end up being unemployed.

29

Action speaks louder than
words.

การกระทําสาํ คัญกวา่ คําพูด

The action is more significant than what you say,
so it is better to do something rather than saying

(Collins Dictionary, n.d.& Kaochalad, 1994).

Simple sentence

How do we know?

There is only one independent clause. To
illustrate, the noun ‘action’ functions as a
subject, and ‘speaks’ functions as a main verb
of the sentence. Then, the noun ‘words’

functions as an object of the sentence.

30

There are two people in the family which are

Lysa, the mother, and Ross, Lysa’s son. For the
past two years, Lysa has been sick, but she is so

scared to see the doctor. Ross always convinces

his mom to go to the hospital, but all he got from

his mom was “I will go, my love” One day, Lysa
became so sick that she could not move much.

Ross: Please, mom. Please, go to see the doctor. You
always say that you want to be healthy again to stay with
me longer, but you never do.

Lysa: Don’t be worried about it. I will go. I promise.

Ross: Mom, how many times do you say this? I do believe

action speaks louder than words. If you want to show me

that you want to stay with me long, then prove it to me.

When you finally do what you say, then that is the real

thing. It will not be just words that cannot be proved

anything anymore. 31

All are not thieves that dogs
bark at.

ขา้ งนอกขรขุ ระ ขา้ งในต๊ะติงโหนง่

We should not judge other people by their physical
appearance, but we should look deeper into their
personality because sometimes the inside may be
beautiful (Proverb Hunter, n.d.& Kaochalad, 1994).

Complex sentence

How do we know?

The independent clause in this proverb is ‘all are not
thieves’, and a dependent clause is ‘that dogs bark

at’. To clarify, ‘all’ functions as a subject, and
‘thieves’ functions as an object of the independent
clause. Also, ‘that’ is a relative pronoun, in this case,

when it is at the beginning of the clause, the
dependent clause turns to be a relative clause.

.

32

Theon is a homeless man who has a generous and
gentle heart. Even though he does not have much
to give, he always helps people when they are in
need. Megan is a rich girl who always manipulates

people. One day, Megan bumped into Theon
because she was only focusing on her phone. Megan

started to blame Theon without knowing that a
police officer was looking the whole time.

Megan: Ew! A dirty man is trying to harass me. Help! Someone
helps, please.

Theon: I have no such thoughts, madam. You bumped into me…
Megan: Stop it! Stop your little lies. A homeless man with no
manners like you should go to jail.

A police officer: Excuse me, madam. I was looking at the
situation the whole time. He harms you nothing. Even he lives on
the street, but all are not thieves that dogs bark at. You should
not judge him just because he doesn’t have a good life like you!

Also, you seem to be well-mannered, but actually n3ot3.

34

Social Life
Section

The social life section refers to the principle that
people should be aware of how to act and observe
other people in order to interact with society. In

these terms, it also relates to the appropriate
behavior that people should have toward other

people.

35

Still water runs deep.

นาํ นงิ ไหลลึก

Meaning 1: A person who speaks less may actually have
a lot of knowledge, but does not really show it obviously

(Cambridge Dictionary, n.d. & Chaiyapoomtom, 1994).
Meaning 2: Also, it could be a person who seems nice
from the outside, but actually is not truly nice at all
(The Idioms Dictionary, n.d. & Chaiyapoomtom, 1994).

Simple sentence

How do we know?

There is no sub or dependent clause in ‘still
water runs deep”. It only contains in the

dependent form that can be understood when
it stands alone.

36

Jane is an innocent teenage girl, and Angela
is a sociable teenager who has a lot of life
experience. One day, Jane comes across
Luca Buffet who she has a crush on. Luca is
not a good person, and also an ex-boyfriend

of Angela.

Jane: Angel, I really have to tell you something. There is a new hot
guy in my class, and I think I have fallen for him since I first met
him. He seems to be a good guy. His name is Luca Buffet. Blue
eyes, tall, muscular, and charming!

Angela: Wait! What??!! Luca Buffet? No No No!!!!! My dear. He
seems nice, but still water runs deep. You should not get close to
him. When he gets enough of you, he will just leave you easily. Also,

you always judge people by their physical appearance without
knowing them truly. I don’t understand why most of the time
people tend to focus on only what they see, but not on what the
thing actually is. Sometimes, people do not realize that they have
to look at how a person, thing, or situation truly is rather than the
surface. It is better to look deeper and take more time to observe

and learn to avoid being in a bad situation in the future.

Jane: Aww...Angel, you are too worried about me. Nothing will
happen, mom.

37

It takes two to make a
quarrel.

ตบมอื ขา้ งเดยี วไมด่ งั

When two parties are involved in a disagreement,
argument, or fight, they are usually both
responsible in some way (Farlex, n.d. &
Chaiyapoomtom, 1994).

Simple sentence

How do we know?

There is no coordinate conjunction and a dependent
clause. In this term, the phrase ‘to make a quarrel’
functions as a modifier of ‘it takes two’. However, if ‘to
make a quarrel’ is embedded, the sentence will not be
understandable. Moreover, ‘it takes two’ could stand
alone, but it loses the sense of the original proverb as ‘it

takes two things to create an argument’.

38

Daniel, Finn, and Lita had been friends for a long
time, but the relationship between Daniel and

Finn is not quite good lately. It is because both of
them love the same person, Lita. Both of them
had a big fight. After that day, they never talk
to each other again. One day, Daniel, Fin, and Lita

accidentally meet each other on the street.

Lita: Guys!!! I would not choose any of you!! You should
never let things like this ruin our friendship.

Daniel and Finn: No!! It’s his fault!!! You! You!! You!!

Lita: What the world, guy!! It takes two to make a

quarrel. How one thing creates a conflict? When there is a

conflict that means that there are two sides building it

together. it is impossible that there will be only one side

creating the argument. Also, when there is a

disagreement, the responsibility of that conflict does not

go to only one of the two of you. Both of you should take

responsibility for this together. I mean us!! We need to

have a serious talk!! 39

Beauty is only skin-deep.

สวยแต่รปู จูบไมห่ อม

Some people may have beautiful looks from the
outside, but their personalities may be ugly

(Cambridge Dictionary, n.d. & Chaiyapoomtom, 1994).

Simple sentence

How do we know?

There is only an independent clause that could be
understood when it stands alone. To illustrate, the

word ‘beauty’ functions as the subject of the
sentence. The word ‘is’ functions as a main verb that
appears in a singular form according to ‘beauty’, in
this term, appears as an uncountable noun that could

be considered to be a singular noun.

40

Bella is the most beautiful and popular girl in high
school. Even though she does not have many

friends. Many people tried to be friends with her,
but they cannot stand her rude and arrogant

personality. Henry is a friend of Lucy who was a
friend of Bella. Henry is like other guys who see
beautiful girls and fall for their physical beauty.

Henry: Dude! I think I really like Bella. Do you help me?
Lucy: Ahh!! What did you just say? You don’t really know her!
Henry: So why? Just help me get close to her! I don’t ask for
more.
Lucy: Man! I hate to disappoint you, but in Bella’s case, beauty is
only skin deep. You may see much beauty from people's
appearance or what they want you to see, but inside them, it
may not be as beautiful as the way the outside is. Aren't you
curious why I am not friends with her anymore? You tend to be
a person who only seeks beauty by your eyes without thinking
carefully of what the attractive thing actually is. You need to

believe me. After knowing her, all your desire will disappear. 41

Speech is silver, silence is
golden.

พูดไปสองไพเบยี นง่ิ เสยี ตําลึงทอง

In some situations, it would be better to remain
silent rather than talking (The Idioms, n.d. &
Chaiyapoomtom, 1994).

Compound sentence

How do we know?

The coordinate conjunction is omitted. ‘Speech is silver’ is an
independent clause that can be understood directly. ‘Silence
is golden’ is an independent clause that the element of the
clause is like the first part. The coordinating conjunctions
that could be added in the clause seem to be ‘but’ because
the sense of these two clauses is contrasting. Further, the
two clauses are equally balanced to each other that none of

them are dominant in the sentence.

42

Rita is a new face young actress. She has two close
friends, Betty and Wendy. One day, Rita has her
first show on the stage. She, definitely, invites her
two close friends to her show. Arriving at the end
of the show, Rita’s acting was terrible as she has

no experience on stage. She asked both of her
friends about her performance. Betty said good,

and Wendy said bad.

Betty: Why did you do that, Wendy? Why did you say how

terrible Rita’s performance was! You make her lose
confidence! You know that?

Wendy: Well... Honesty is all I got. How do you want her to
reach her dream? Let her in the delusion? How did you
manage to keep quiet when she asked you about his horrible
play?

Betty: Well... I do believe that silence is golden. Sometimes it is

better to not say any word to keep the situation better. The

more you say, the more it could be worse.I don’t want to ruin
her happiness.

Wendy: But she is our friend! Even speech is just a sliver, and

silence is golden, this situation is worth getting just silver

when it comes to friendship!. To make her improve is to tell

her the truth. 43

Barking dogs seldom bite.

หมาเหา่ ใบตองแหง้

Do not be afraid of people who threaten you because
they may be the kind of person who may just talk but
do not take action. It could refer to people who only

talk good about themselves, but actually, they are
nothing like what they say at all (Farlex, n.d.&
Kaochalad, 1994).

Simple sentence

How do we know?

The phrase 'barking dog' functions as a subject of
the sentence in which the word ‘barking’

functions as a modifier or an adjective of a noun
‘dogs’. Moreover, the word ‘seldom’ functions as

an adverb that modifies the main verb ‘bite’.

44

On the hill, there are two families living close to
each other, Johnson and Lannister. They are not
really good at each other. One day, Lannister is
upset with Johnson because of the loud noise of
Johnson's dog. Lannister said to Johnson's family
that if their dog doesn’t stay quiet, they will take it
far away from the house. Johnson’s family is so

afraid of the threat.

Samwell: How are we going to do? I am scared for our dog.
What if...
Podrick: Don’t be so afraid. How many times they say that,
and they never take action yet. A barking dog seldom bites.

You know how they are! They could threaten or say
anything they want, but you see our dog is still here barking

every day.

45

Exercises

Let's practice together

Exercise 1: Identify the components of each sentence
type ( 5 items )

Exercise 2: Identify the type of sentence whether it is
simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex
sentence ( 10 items )

Homer sometimes nods. Don't worry if you answered wrong. You can go back

to review the lessons. 46