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BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING FOR BEGINNER VOLUME I ARCHITECTURAL PROJECT HARYATI BINTI ISMAIL W. MOHD HANIFF BIN W. MOHD SHAUPIL NURUL NAJIHA BINTI MOHD GHAZALI POLITEKNIK KOTA BHARU
Published and distributed by: Department of Civil Engineering Kota Bharu Polytechnic KM. 24, Kok Lanas, 16450 Ketereh, Kelantan. Building Information Modelling For Beginner: Volume I Architectural Project First Print 2023 © 2023 Haryati Binti Ismail, W. Mohd Haniff Bin W. Mohd Shaupil, Nurul Najiha Binti Mohd Ghazali All rights reserved. No part of this publication can be reproduced, stored in any form or in any way, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the copyright holder. Haryati, W. Mohd Haniff & Nurul Najiha Building Information Modelling For Beginner: Volume I Architectural Project / Haryati, W. Mohd Haniff & Nurul Najiha
Haryati Binti Ismail graduated from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia with a Doctor of Philosophy in Quantity Surveying. The author also holds a Master of Civil Engineering from Universiti Tun Hussien Onn Malaysia, Bachelor of Quantity Surveying (Honors), and Diploma in Quantity Surveying from Universiti Teknologi Mara. The author also has Building Modelling Information (BIM) Architecture Modeller Certificate certified by CIDB. W. Mohd Haniff Bin W. Mohd Shaupil is a senior lecturer in Politeknik Kota Bharu. He has a Master’s in Construction Contract Management from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. He also holds a Master’s in Technical and Vocational Education from Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, a Bachelor of Quantity Surveying, and a Diploma in Quantity Surveying from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Currently, he is pursuing a PhD with the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn, Malaysia. Nurul Najiha Binti Mohd Ghazali graduated from the University of Malaya with a Bachelor of Quantity Surveying (Honors). The author is also a Building Modelling Information (BIM) Architecture Modeller 2019 and a BIM Electrical Modeller 2021 certificate issued by CIDB Malaysia.
ii | P a g e BIM, or building information modelling, is a digital procedure used in the planning, development, and upkeep of buildings and infrastructure. It is a cutting-edge strategy that entails developing and maintaining digital models of a building or structure's structural and functional elements. A building or infrastructure project is modelled using specialised software that creates a 3D model during a BIM procedure. Throughout the project lifecycle, BIM software provides a platform for collaboration between architects, engineers, quantity surveyors, contractors, and other stakeholders. It also allows for the sharing and updating of data. Students who are studying architecture, engineering, quantity surveying, and construction may also find BIM to be a great aid. Additionally, 2D drawings and other project management and construction-related documentation can be produced using these tools. Students can acquire vital teamwork and collaboration skills by studying BIM. In addition, BIM software can be used to simulate different elements of a construction project, including cost estimation, energy efficiency, and structural integrity. Students can develop a valuable skill set that will increase their competitiveness on the job market by studying BIM software. Overall, BIM is a powerful tool that can assist students in the disciplines of architecture, engineering, and construction to develop crucial skills and get ready for their careers. Apart from that, it is enhancing collaboration, reducing expenses, and improving efficiency in the construction industry.
iii | P a g e ’ ......................................................................................................................i PREFACE ...................................................................................................................................... ii LIST OF CONTENT........................................................................................................................ iii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING (BIM) ............................ 1 1.1 Background of Building Information Modelling..................................................................1 1.2 BIM Implementation in The International Context............................................................. 2 1.3 BIM Implementation in The Malaysian Construction Industry ............................................3 1.4 BIM Benefits..................................................................................................................... 4 1.5 BIM Benefits Motivate Companies to Use BIM...................................................................5 CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCTION TO REVIT...................................................................................... 6 2.1 Revit Software .................................................................................................................. 6 2.2 Revit Interface .................................................................................................................. 6 2.3 Modify Tool .................................................................................................................... 10 2.4 Shortcut ......................................................................................................................... 12 CHAPTER 3 CREATE NEW PROJECT ......................................................................................... 17 3.1 New Project.................................................................................................................... 17 3.2 Save Project.................................................................................................................... 18 3.3 Backup Project................................................................................................................ 18 CHAPTER 4 ELEVATION LINE................................................................................................... 19 4.1 Level Tab ........................................................................................................................ 19 4.2 Re-arrange Level............................................................................................................. 22 CHAPTER 5 GRID LINE ............................................................................................................ 24 5.1 Grid Tab.......................................................................................................................... 24 5.2 Show Project Base Point and Survey Point....................................................................... 24 5.3 Create Grid line............................................................................................................... 26 5.4 Rename Grid Line............................................................................................................ 27 5.5 Add Dimension ............................................................................................................... 28 CHAPTER 6 WALL................................................................................................................... 30 6.1 External Wall .................................................................................................................. 30 6.2 Internal Wall................................................................................................................... 36
iv | P a g e CHAPTER 7 FLOOR ................................................................................................................. 39 7.1 Internal Floor.................................................................................................................. 39 7.2 Toilet Floor..................................................................................................................... 44 7.3 External Floor ................................................................................................................. 46 7.4 Apron ............................................................................................................................. 47 CHAPTER 8 WINDOW............................................................................................................ 49 8.1 Select Window................................................................................................................ 49 8.2 Place Window................................................................................................................. 50 CHAPTER 9 DOOR .................................................................................................................. 51 9.1 Select Door..................................................................................................................... 51 9.2 Place Door...................................................................................................................... 52 CHAPTER 10 COLUMN.......................................................................................................... 53 10.1 Select Column................................................................................................................. 53 10.2 Edit Type ........................................................................................................................ 53 CHAPTER 11 ROOF ............................................................................................................... 56 11.1 Create Roof..................................................................................................................... 56 11.2 Attach Top / Base ........................................................................................................... 59 11.3 Awning ........................................................................................................................... 61 CHAPTER 12 STAIRCASE & RAILING...................................................................................... 62 12.1 Staircase......................................................................................................................... 62 12.2 Create Opening............................................................................................................... 64 12.3 Railing ............................................................................................................................ 67 REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................. 69
1 | P a g e CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING (BIM) 1.1 Background of Building Information Modelling Buildin n or a on Modellin B M is a rocess that trans or s the construc on rocess ro ra ental tradi onal rac ces to an inte rated di ital anner rocess. t is su orted arious tools technolo ies and contracts to ather enerate anal se and ana e the di ital re resenta on o the roduced ro ect odel. B M is ell kno n as an n Modellin la or or e ec e co unica on and colla ora on. ts a lica on has e tended ro the eo etric odel to include schedulin cos n and acilit ana e ent. B M i le enta on added alua le ad anta es to the construc on industr throu hout the ro ect li e c cle. n the desi n sta e B M has ro ed its ca a ilit to enhance roduc it and e cienc . n the construc on sta e B M can incor orate auto schedulin and cost anal sis allo in or enhanced coordina on and ualit o ro ect deli er .
2 | P a g e 1.2 BIM Implementation in The International Context nterna onall B M i le enta on has achie ed a si ni cant le el in certain de elo ed and de elo in countries. ccordin to the re ort ro Mc ra Hill Construc on B M i le enta on is ra idl increasin in the interna onal conte t. n the K and other uro ean countries B M is andated. in a ore has reached ado on and alread re uired all ro ects to e su i ed ia B M e su issions. n a e B M or at since and the o ern ent has issued di erent uides and codes o rac ce or B M i le enta on. lso ustralia has achie ed stron ado on here around o ustralian M s use B M in le el and le el and around ha e tried le el . There is hi h co e on in construc on industries in those countries to ado t technolo and trans or construc on rac ces ro con en onal rocesses to B M ased technolo .
3 | P a g e 1.3 BIM Implementation in The Malaysian Construction Industry The construc on industr i n Mala sia la s an i ortant role i n the Mala sian econo contri u n a ro i atel to er cent o the ross o es c Product P annuall . There ore the Mala sian construc on industr has taken er si ni cant ste s to i ro e construc on er or ance at the na onal le elthrou h the introduc on o B M since . Mala sian Pu lic ork e art ent P e raced B M since then tar e n that B M should e i le ented on o u lic ro ects under ancan an Mala sia ke MK a o e M illion. The a lica on o B M i n the desi n sta e i s ore i n the odellin arts hile i n the construc on sta e i t i s not i le ented. There are an reasons or this ra ented rocess such as the lack o understandin o the rocess o B M i le enta on lack o skill i n the re ara on o lans i n B M and the a ilit to e ec el u li e i t ith stakeholders resistance to chan in current a s o orkin lack o colla ora on and coordina on a on arious disci lines li iteda aila ilit o usa e uidelines etc
4 | P a g e 1.4 BIM Benefits
5 | P a g e 1.5 BIM Benefits Motivate Companies to Use BIM The ene ts o B M ha e dri en the construc on industr to introduce B M in construc on ro ects. The construc on industr s ain oal in ado n B M is to increase roduc it and e cienc . B M led to si ni cant i ro e ents in construc on sustaina ilit . Those ene ts in uence construc on rac oners decision to ado t B M.
6 | P a g e CHAPTER 2 INTRODUCTION TO REVIT 2.1 Revit Software Revit® BIM software was originally developed by Charles River Software, which was founded in 1997, before being acquired by Autodesk in 2002. With the aid of the software, users may design buildings and structures as well as their component elements in 3D, add 2D drafting elements to the model, and access the database that stores the building model's information. Using Revit, architecture, engineer, quantity surveyor, and other construction (AEC) teams can produce infrastructure and structures of the highest calibre. 2.2 Revit Interface Here are some of Revit's features and user interface. Reference No Detail 1 File Tab 2 Quick Access Toolbar 3 Tabs on the Ribbon 4 Type Selector 5 Properties Palette 6 Project Browser 7 Drawing Area 8 View Control Bar 9 Status Bar 10 Info Centre
Figure 2.1: Re 1 2 4 5 9 8
7 | P a g e evit Interface 6 7 10 3 0
Figure 2.2 : Tab Figure 2.3 : Tools o Figure 2.4:
8 | P a g e bs on the ribbon on the current tab Status bar
9 | P a g e Figure 2.6: Project Browser Figure 2.5: Properties Palette
10 | P a g e 2.3 Modify Tool Align (AL): Aligning one or more components with a chosen element Offset (OF): To copy or move an element at a predetermined distance input in the Offset box of the Options bar. Mirror-Pick Axis (MM): To mirrors a copy or duplicates an element about an axis. Mirror - Draw Axis (DM): To create an opacity that serves as the mirror axis. Split Element (SL): To split or cut ellipses, circles, arcs, and lines while in sketch mode. Model lines, symbolic lines, and reference lines can all be made with it.. Split with Gap: This tool does not work in the family environment. Unpin (UP): To unlock or unpin a component that the pin tool has secured. Pin (PN): To secure a component in position. Elements that are pinned cannot be changed or relocated. Move (MV): To move element to a desired location.
11 | P a g e Copy (CO): To duplicate of an element. Rotate (RO): To rotates one or more objects around a focal point. Scale (RE): Resize the model, symbolic lines, and reference lines. Array (AR): To duplicate or multiply the instances of a single or a number of chosen elements. Trim/Extend to Corner (TR): To trim and extends elements to form a corner. Trim/Extend Single Element: To trims or extends an instance of an element to a boundary. Trim/Extend Multiple Elements: To trim or extends more than one element to a boundary. Delete (DE): This tool removes a selected element from the drawing area.
12 | P a g e 2.4 Shortcut Architecture CM Place a component Place a component. GR Grid Places column grid lines in the building design LL Level Places a level in view. RM Room Creates a room bounded by model elements and separation lines. WN Window Places a window in a wall or skylight in a roof. CL Column; structural column Adds a vertical load-bearing element to the building model. SB Floor: structural Adds structural floors to a building model. WA Wall: architectural Creates a non-bearing wall or a structural wall in the building model. RT Tag room; room tag Tags the selected room. RP Reference plane Creates a reference plane using drawing tools. DR Door Adds a door to the building model. Annotate DI Aligned dimension Creates an aligned dimension. Other Dimension options remain available in the Contextual Tab GP Create Group Creates a group of elements. TX Text Adds text. EL Spot Elevation Displays the elevation of a selected point. FR Find/Replace Find and replace TG Tag By Category Applies tags to elements based on their categories. RT Tag Room; Room Tag Tags the selected room. DL Detail Line Creates view-specific lines.
13 | P a g e Context Menu MP Move to project . Move the model relative to a shared coordinate system SA Select all instances: in entire project Selects all the elements that are similar to the selected element in the current view, or throughout the project. RB Restore excluded member Restores an excluded member. RA Restore all excluded Restores all excluded parts and elements. RC Repeat last command. Repeats the last command Contextual Tabs FG Finish Finishes editing a group. EG Edit group Edits a group. EU Unhide element Enables a hidden element to appear in view. EP Edit par Edits a part element. D /DI Aligned dimension Creates an aligned dimension. TX Text Adds text FR Find/replace Find and replace. LI Model line; boundary line; rebar line Places a new line. RA Restore all excluded Restores all excluded parts and elements. VU Unhide category Enables a hidden category to appear in view. GP Model group: create group; detail group: create group Creates a group of elements. UG Ungroup Ungroups members of a group. LL Level Places a level in view. RP Reference plane Creates a reference plane using drawing tools. RP Reference plane Creates a reference plane using drawing tools.
14 | P a g e Manage CS Create similar Creates an element of the same type as the selected element. AR Array Creates a linear or radial array of selected elements. EL Spot elevation Displays the elevation of a selected point. SL Split element Cuts an element (such as a wall or line) at a selected point. LW Linework Overrides the line style of selected line in the active view only. PT Paint Opens the Paint tool. DE Delete Removes selected element(s) from the building model. UN Project units Opens the Project Units tool. RP Reference plane Creates a reference plane using drawing tools. MM Mirror – pick axis Reverses the position of a selected model element, using a selected line as the mirror axis. UP Unpin Unpins an element that is locked in position or an element that is driven by its host system. CO or CC Copy Copies selected element(s). MV Move Moves a selected element. DM Mirror – draw axis Reverses the position of a selected model element, using a user-generated line as the mirror axis. KS Keyboard shortcuts Assigns key sequences to tools. PP or CTRL-1 or VP Properties; toggle properties palette Toggles the Properties palette. WT Tile windows See all open views at the same time. VG or VV Visibility/graphics Controls the visibility and graphic display of model elements, datum elements, and view specific elements for each view in a project.
15 | P a g e Modify AL Align Aligns one or more elements with selected element. SF Split face Divides the face of an element into regions for application of different materials. VH Hide in view: hide category Hides an element category from view. LI Model line; boundary line; rebar line Places a new line. OF Offset Moves a selected model line, detail line, wall, or beam a specified distance perpendicular to its length. RO Rotate Rotates selected element around an axis TR Trim/extend to corner Trims or extend one or more elements to form a corner EH Hide in view: hide elements Hides an element from view. RE Scale Resizes the selected element. PN Pin Locks a model element in place. View Control Bar HR Reset temporary hide/isolate Restores any temporarily hidden elements or categories. HL Hidden line Displays the image with all edges and lines drawn except those obstructed by surfaces. GD Graphic display options Opens the Graphics dialog box. HH Hide element Hides an element from view. RH Toggle reveal hidden elements mode Toggles the Reveal Hidden Elements Mode. IC Isolate category Isolates selected categories. HI Isolate element. Isolates selected elements HC Hide category Hides all selected categories in the view.
16 | P a g e Navigation Bar ZS Zoom sheet size Zooms to sheet size. 3F Fly mode Simulates flying through a model SW Work plane grid Snaps to the work plane grid. ZE or ZF or ZX Zoom to fit Zooms to fit. SR Snap to remote objects Snaps to objects that are not near the element. ZR or ZZ Zoom in region Zooms to a region. SC Centres Snaps to centre ST Tangents Snaps to tangent. SI Intersections Snaps to intersection. ZA Zoom all to fit Zooms to fit all in view. SS Turn override off Turns off override feature ZO or ZV Zoom out(2x) Zooms out the project view by 2X SM Midpoints Snaps to midpoint. SE Endpoints Snaps to endpoints. 3W Walk mode Simulates walking through a model. ZP or ZC Previous pan/zoom Returns to previous pan or zoom. 32 2d mode Navigates the view using only 2D navigation options. Kelly, 2021
17 | P a g e CHAPTER 3 CREATE NEW PROJECT 3.1 New Project 1 3B Select an Architectural Template for the architectural project drawing. At Create New, click Project. 3A Open Revit. At File tab >> Projects; choose New Project
18 | P a g e 3.2 Save Project 3.3 Backup Project 3C To save your new project, go to Save As >> Project. 3E If you want to backup project, Click ptions… as in step 3D, enter the Maximum backups you need for your project. Say, 1 no of maximum backup. Click Ok and Save. 3D Name your file at File name and then click Save.
19 | P a g e CHAPTER 4 ELEVATION LINE 4.1 Level Tab 4A Go to the Architecture tab. 4B Go to the Project Browser, select Elevations (Building Elevation). Select East. 4C Select Level from the Datum tab.
20 | P a g e 4E To add level, from your right or left drawing area, click, drag, and click again to create level lines. 4F You can adjust the length of your lines by dragging the lines. Click line level (the line you want to move) and then edit height required. 4D If you want your Balloon on the right side, click the level line, untick the left box, and then tick the right box. The Balloon will be moved to the right. Repeat for the remaining level lines.
21 | P a g e 4G After you finish editing your level, rename the label for each level. Click YES to rename the corresponding views.
22 | P a g e 4.2 Re-arrange Level 4H Go to the Project Browser, take note of the order of levels. Rearrange if the levels are not in order (ground to top). 4K To re-arrange levels, click View (all), then right click. 4L Click Browser Organization 4M Go to Views and check the box “all”. Then click New.
23 | P a g e 4N Enter Name. Then click OK. 4P Go to Grouping and Sorting. Under Group by: select Family and Type. Under Sort by: select Associated Level. Click OK. Tick the box: By Level and Click OK again.
24 | P a g e CHAPTER 5 GRID LINE 5.1 Grid Tab 5.2 Show Project Base Point and Survey Point 5A Go to Architecture tab. 5B Select Grid from the Datum tab. 5C Click the View tab, then select Visibility / Graphics from the Graphics panel.
25 | P a g e 5E This symbol will appear if the project base point and the survey point are in the same location. 5D On the Model Categories tab, scroll down to Site, and expand the catalogue. Select the Project Base Point and Survey Point. Click OK.
26 | P a g e 5.3 Create Grid line 5F Start your grid line from the project base point and the survey point as follows. Click, drag, and click again to create grid lines. To edit the distance between grid lines, click grid lines (the line you want to move) and type the value you require. 5G Prepare your gridlines according to this diagram.
27 | P a g e 5.4 Rename Grid Line 5H Rename your gridlines after you finish with your gridlines and dimensions. Click and name them (in order).
28 | P a g e 5.5 Add Dimension 5K Select Aligned Dimensions. 5J To add dimensions for the length and width of your gridlines, go to Modify and click Measure.
29 | P a g e 5L Click on one point and click again on the other point. Click again outside the line.
30 | P a g e CHAPTER 6 WALL 6.1 External Wall 6A Go to the project browser. Select Floor Plans > Ground Floor 6B Go to the Architecture tab, and select Wall > Wall: Architectural
31 | P a g e 6C In the Type Selector, select the required wall type. 6D If the required wall type is not in the list, please add it by clicking Edit type. Select Duplicate and name your wall. For example, Generic 225mm. Click OK
32 | P a g e 6F At the Structure (1), under the column of Thickness, enter the value of thickness you need. Say; 225mm. Then, click OK. Click Apply and then OK on Type Properties. 6E Click Edit... (in the row Structure, under the column Parameter).
33 | P a g e 6G Go to the Project Browser, under Views (by level) > Floor Plans > Ground Floor. 6H Under the Properties, set wall Constraints. Location Line: Wall Centreline Base Constraint: Ground Floor Top Constraint: Up to level: First Floor
34 | P a g e 6J Draw the External Wall (ground floor).
35 | P a g e 6K Repeat step 6H and 6K for the First Floor. Go to Project Browser, under Floor Plans, select First Floor. Base Constraint: First Floor Top Constraint: Up to level: First Floor
36 | P a g e 6.2 Internal Wall 6L For the ground floor, draw the interior wall as in the example above. Repeat steps 6C-6K for Basic Wall, Generic 115mm.
37 | P a g e 6M For the First Floor, draw an internal wall like the one shown above.
38 | P a g e 6N To view, navigate to Project Browser > Elevations > East. Go to the tab View. Click 3D View to view the default 3D view.
39 | P a g e CHAPTER 7 FLOOR 7.1 Internal Floor 7B As with building a wall model, click Edit Type if the required floor is not in the list. For example, on the Type Selector, select Generic Floor - 400mm > Edit Type. 7A Go to the project browser. Select Floor Plans > Ground Floor. Go to the Architecture tab, select Floor > Floor: Architectural.
40 | P a g e 7C Select Duplicate and name your floor. For example, Generic Floor - 150mm. Click OK.
41 | P a g e 7D Click Edit... (in the row Structure, under the column Parameter). 7E At Structure (1), under the column of Thickness, enter the value of thickness you need. Say; 150mm. Then, click OK. Click Apply and then OK on Type Properties.