International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 121 FAMILY DYNAMICS IN PLEASE LOOK AFTER MOM BY KYUNG - SOOK SHIN A. Muthu Meena Losini1 and D. Joy Sophy2 ABSTRACT Please Look after Mom is a stunning, emotionally moving story of a family's search for their missing mother, and their discovery of the desires, heartaches, and secrets that they never realized she harbored within. This topic focuses on the present scenario in society, children’s negligence of their parents in old age. It awakens the minds of the readers to look back, correct and take care of their parents. It is a very sensitive issue to be dealt with seriously to reconstruct the relationship between the parents and children. The present generation of kids should know the important role of parents in their lives. Once they reach the top, they should not kick away the ladder (parents) which/ helps them accomplish their aim. Home is the place where we gather grace, love, compassion, tolerance, and obedience and parents are the source of integrity. They spread the light of hope, confidence strength and steadfastness in times of tribulations. Orphans know the value of parents as they long for a relationship with a mother or a father in their lives, whereas, children who have parents to govern them do not realize the value of their presence while the parents are living them. They deserted their mom and dad in an old-age home. This paper is an attempt to bring about a change in the attitude and the minds of the younger generation to have real care and comfort for their parents through the novels of Kyung-Sook Shin Please Look After Mom. It is a humble request for every child in the world. It is a need of an hour to remind all of us to look after our mom and dad. Please Look After Mom (2010) by South Korean writer Kyung-Sook Shin follows a family who reevaluates their relationship with her, after the
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 122 disappearance of their mother. Please Look After Mom, by the South Korean writer Kyung-Sook Shin, begins with a family in disarray. Mom is missing. She is separated from her Father by the closing doors of a subway car in a busy train station in Seoul. A day, a week, nearly a month goes by. Mom’s husband and adult children are not only worried but crippled with guilt and regret, fumbling they thought in confusion as if they had all injured a part of their brains. Each question wonders “Are you punishing me? Mom.” Its themes include guilt, familial sacrifice, the evaporation of family rituals, and rural versus city life. Written in the second person, Please Look After Mom is by turns narrated by four children of the titular mother and her husband. KEYWORDS: Mother Sacrifice, Reconstruction of relationship, Retrospection of one’s mind, Feeling guilty and regret, Gratefulness to Parents. 1,2 Mother Teresa Women’s University, Kodaikanal.-624101. *Corresponding Author: [email protected], [email protected].
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 123 HARMONIZING PERSPECTIVES: EXPLORING THE INTERPLAY OF ART, LIFE, AND LITERATURE L. George Stephen ABSTRACT This thematic paper, titled "Harmonizing Perspectives: Exploring the Interplay of Art, Life, and Literature," delves into the intricate relationships between artistic expression, human existence, and literary creation. Through a multidisciplinary approach, the study investigates the dynamic interplay of these three realms, aiming to unravel the profound connections that shape and influence each other. The paper explores how art serves as a mirror, reflecting and refracting life experiences, and how literature acts as a conduit, capturing and transmitting these reflections. By scrutinizing the symbiotic relationship between art, life, and literature, the paper contributes to a deeper understanding of the transformative power inherent in creative endeavors. The paper encourages readers to contemplate the harmonious convergence of these perspectives and their collective impact on shaping cultural narratives and individual identities. This exploration fosters a nuanced appreciation for the profound interdependence of artistic, literary, and existential dimensions in the human experience. Ultimately, the study underscores the enriching and transformative potential of the arts, reinforcing their role as vital components in the tapestry of human existence. It invites individuals to engage with the interconnectedness of artistic expression, life's experiences, and literary creation, fostering a holistic understanding of the intricate and symbiotic relationship between these essential facets of human culture. KEYWORDS: Interplay, Art, Life, and Literature, transformative, multidisciplinary, exploration, etc. 1,2 TamilNadu Teachers Education University. *Corresponding Author: [email protected].
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India BUSINESS FOR SOCIAL VALUES
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 125 IMPACT OF HUMAN CAPITAL ON ECONOMIC GROWTH: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION TO SRI LANKA Diyani Balthazaar1* and Thangamani Bhavan2 ABSTRACT Human capital, like a physical capital, can contribute to economic growth through education, health, and training, increase the outputs. The purpose of this study is to find out the impact of human capital on the economic growth of Sri Lanka. Time series data from 1990 to 2021 have been used to analyzed with the support of E-views computer software. In this study, economic growth is a dependent variable and human capital is an independent variable. In this study, Gross domestic product as a proxy for economic growth and Human capital as a proxy for Human development index, savings, foreign direct investment, import and export as inter-correlations. Graphs, descriptive statistics, unit root test, covariance analysis, and Error Correction Model are used to examine the relationship between these variables. According to the analysis results of this study, there is a positive relationship between GDP (economic growth), human development index. KEYWORDS: GDP, Human Development Index, Foreign direct investment, Human capital, Descriptive statistics. 1 Faculty of Arts and culture, Eastern University, Sri Lanka. 2 Faculty of Commerce and Management, Eastern University, Sri Lanka. *Corresponding Author: [email protected].
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 126 INNOVATION MARKETPLACE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: INTERNATIONALIZATION OF START-UPS A.S.M. Jayathissa1 , G.D.U.V. Nawarathna1 , W.G. I. A. Gunarathne1 , P.A.K. Devindi2 , D.L.S. Prawardhitha2 and W.B.M.S.C. Wijayakoon3,* ABSTRACT In the ever-changing world of global business, it is difficult for new businesses to deliver ideas on a global scale. The study addresses this problem and proposes an "innovation market management framework," which is a web-based platform that transforms how manufacturers, entrepreneurs and consumers interact. The platform is an open platform for companies that they develop new products, offering services such as business consulting, advertising, knowledge base and shipping information. The principal aim is to create a dynamic and user-friendly worldwide marketplace by eliminating obstacles that prevent individuals and businesses from presenting their creative ideas to a worldwide audience. Research uses a structured approach, gathering customer needs through surveys, questionnaires, and mobile conversations. The development process follows a waterfall approach, which includes certain steps such as database and interface design, and thorough pre-integration testing. The role includes routine tasks, including final testing, platform deployment, and server configuration. The launch phase emphasizes user onboarding, continuous improvement, and data collection. Key findings reveal a broad ecosystem of "innovation market management systems", supporting businesses in global markets. It significantly enhances Sri Lanka’s entrepreneurial and international standing, creating a unique niche for emerging export companies. Continuous improvement is essential for long-term success, with
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 127 emphasis on building strategic relationships, frequent program updates, and an environment for collaboration. By addressing an essential weakness in Sri Lanka's export industry, the proposed method establishes the country as an important participant in the global export market. In line with digital transformation efforts, the platform has the potential to strengthen Sri Lanka’s export sector, stimulate economic growth, and support the export of growing businesses. KEYWORDS: Export Industry, Advertising, Knowledge Library, Consultancy. 1,2,3 Faculty of Technological Studies, Uva Wellassa University, Sri Lanka. 3, * Corresponding Author: [email protected].
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 128 EFFECT OF DIVIDEND ANNOUNCEMENTS ON SHARE PRICES: A STUDY ON LISTED COMPANIES IN COLOMBO STOCK EXCHANGE M.F. Nusaika1* , D.G.M.L.W. Kumari2 and A.M.F. Sajeetha3 ABSTRACT Companies sell shares to investors to raise capital for business financing and expansion. Investors purchase shares with several goals including risk management (diversification), capital growth, dividends, and tax advantages. Hence, the dividend policy of a firm has been given considerable interest in the field of finance. The company’s dividend announcements as well as share prices are considered as the most crucial factors that can influence investors' decision-making between buying and selling shares. This study examines dividend announcements and their effect on the share prices of listed companies on the Colombo Stock Exchange from 2018 through 2022. For this study, twenty randomly chosen CSE-listed companies' final dividend announcements data and share prices were retrieved. The sample consisted of companies in ten randomly chosen industrial sectors. The standard event study methodology is used to examine the share prices response to dividend announcements for the event period of thirty-one days, fifteen days before the announcement date, fifteen days after the announcement date, and the announcement date. The data was analyzed using both event study methods and regression analysis methods to calculate the abnormal return, excess return, cumulative average abnormal return, and t-values surrounding the dividend announcements day. The increase in share prices around the event date is indicated by the positive abnormal return, which suggests that there has been a considerable effect on share prices. The results of this study indicate that dividend announcements significantly affect share prices on the
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 129 listed companies in the Colombo Stock Exchange. The study's findings also lend credence to a semi strong form of efficient market hypothesis, according to which share prices reflect all publicly available information and investors view dividend announcements as positive developments. Hence, the study concludes that corporate dividend announcements respond to investor choices and help establish share prices. KEYWORDS: Dividend Announcements, Stock Prices, Colombo Stock Exchange, Efficient Market Hypothesis. 1 Faculty of Engineering, South Eastern University of Sri Lanka. 2 International Campus of Science And Technology (ICST). 3 Faculty of Management and Commerce, South Eastern University of Sri Lanka. * Corresponding Author: [email protected].
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 130 A MORAL DIMENSION OF BRIBERY: AN EXPLANATORY STUDY OF INJUNCTIVE NORM AND PERSONAL RELIGIOSITY W.R.M. Shehani Shanika1 , A.K.L. Jayawardana2 and N.W.K. Galahitiyawe3 ABSTRACT Bribery is a devastating and complex socio-economic problem faced by many Asian countries including Sri Lanka. In this context, it is noted that the limited literature discusses determinants of bribe offering behaviour in terms of injunctive norm and the role of personal religiosity have not studied yet. The Theory of Planned Behaviour is employed as the theoretical lens to view bribe offering behavioural intention, yet, the theory failed to capture the influence of injunctive norm on behavioural intention. Thus, the predictive power of injunctive norm and the role of personal religiosity have been proposed to the study in light of the Focus Theory of Normative Conduct. Accordingly, this study is designed to determine the moral dimensions of bribe offering behavioural intention among Sri Lankans. The sample of 194 Sri Lankans responded to the survey. The quantitative analysis indicated limited support to the hypothesized model as the study tested socially undesirable behaviour. According to findings of the study, only attitude has shown a significant impact on bribe offering behavioural intention and all other hypotheses including the moderation effect testing have been insignificant on bribe offering behavioural intention. Notwithstanding to the contradictory findings of the application of the model, characteristics of the sample such as type of population and behaviour studied have been critical to the found inconsistency while researches suggest to expect controversial results in the examination of socially undesirable behaviours. The society demotivates people to offer bribes and people face obstacles in offering
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 131 bribes. However, attitudes within people affected them to have an intention to offer bribes despite the social pressure and external barriers. This study was carried out in 2022 where as that government alleged for corruption, therefore, the findings may be different in an ordinary period. There should be effective and transparent system of law enforcement against bribery and corruption in order to see decrease in bribe offering behavioural intention among public. KEYWORDS: Morality, Bribery, Bribe offering behavoural intention. 1 Faculty of Management Studies & Commerce, University of Sri Jayewardenepura. 2 Postgraduate Institute of Management, University of Sri Jayewardenepura. 3 Faculty of Management Studies & Commerce, University of Sri Jayewardenepura. * Corresponding Author: [email protected].
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 132 EXPLORING EXPORT REALITIES: UNVEILING CHALLENGES FOR SMALL-SCALE EXPORTORIENTED ENTREPRENEURS IN KANDY FOUR GRAVETS AND GANGAWATA KORALE DIVISIONAL SECRETARIAT IN KANDY DISTRICT U.M.G.G.N.K. Udakumbura1 , K.G.A.I. Kodithuwakku2* and H.D.P. Premarathna3 ABSTRACT This sociological study investigates the challenges faced by small-scale entrepreneurs in Sri Lanka's export sector, which serves as a crucial component of local economies, contributing to economic growth and job creation. These entrepreneurs manage diverse goods, including agriculture, textiles, and processed foods, playing a pivotal role in the export landscape. Using a mixed-method research design, our study specifically examines the challenges encountered by export-oriented entrepreneurs, focusing on the heightened difficulties due to Sri Lanka's economic crisis and the postpandemic context. Through random sampling, we selected 30 entrepreneurs from the 2023 list obtained from the Kandy District Secretariat. Employing a cross-sectional survey methodology with pre-tested questionnaires and utilizing SPSS software for descriptive statistics, we conducted a comprehensive analysis. Additionally, ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with consenting entrepreneurs engaged in various export businesses, and the data underwent thematic analysis. Our findings highlight challenges faced by small-scale entrepreneurs, including difficulties in material sourcing, inadequate long-term supply chain management, language barriers with international buyers, limited training, restricted financial investments, and outdated export process knowledge. The compounding effects of the pandemic and economic downturn intensified these challenges,
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 133 impacting the developmental capacity of entrepreneurs. The study exposes how the economic crisis and COVID-19 hinder small entrepreneurs in exports through reduced demand, logistical disruptions, and financial constraints. In response, the study advocates tailored interventions, including targeted entrepreneurship training, improved credit access, support for consolidation, fostering collaborative small-group approaches, and organizing trade fairs. Despite formidable challenges, our research highlights the unwavering resourcefulness and resilience of small-scale entrepreneurs, emphasizing their adaptability and determination to sustain businesses and local economies. The study recommends targeted interventions aligned with sustainable development principles to enhance the long-term resilience and competitiveness of these entrepreneurs, ensuring a positive impact on local economies and communities. KEYWORDS: COVID-19 pandemic, Economic crisis, Export, Financial constraints. 123 Department of Sociology, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka. * Corresponding Author: [email protected].
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 134 INVESTIGATING THE SOFT SKILLS GAP AMONG UNDERGRADUATES IN SRI LANKAN UNIVERSITIES M.J.S. Kaushalya1* , A.G.K.M. Wanaguru1 , U.L.S.M. Perera1 , P.W.S.M. Gunawardhane1 , T.N. Samarakkody1. and S. Thelijjagoda2 ABSTRACT The lack of soft skills among undergraduates, which are thought to be essential in today's labour market, is one of the most frequently discussed topics in current research. Every industry has an abundance of job openings, but not enough skilled labourers or workers to fill them. These mismatches are common in the Sri Lankan economy, emphasizing the importance of soft skills for undergraduates. Despite widespread awareness of graduate unemployment in Sri Lanka and the critical role of soft skills in employability, there has been little comprehensive research into the specific causes of the soft skills gap among job seekers, leaving this as an important research gap. Furthermore, this research focuses on universities in Sri Lanka that have been recognized by the UGC (University Grants Commission) and are included in the QS World University Ranking 2023. Third- and fourthyear university students contribute to the sample. Data is gathered online and physically visiting both state and non-state universities using convenience sampling techniques. A total of 271 undergraduates were used in this study. The study focuses on quantitative data collection. The primary goal of this study is to identify the relationship between soft skills among university students and the factors affecting soft skill acquisition, concerning QS Asia university rankings in 2023. Moreover, the study found that curriculum, teaching methods, classroom environment, infrastructure and technology all have a significant role in the development of soft skills among undergraduates. The study's findings will also be beneficial to policymakers,
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 135 professionals, and employers in their efforts to improve undergraduates' soft skills. The limitation of this study is that the researcher only examined thirdyear and fourth-year undergraduates from QS-ranked universities in Sri Lanka limits the generalizability of the findings to other types of universities and faculties. Future research could explore more diverse samples with all the academic years to enhance external validity. KEYWORDS: Soft Skills, Undergraduate, Unemployment, University. 1 SLIIT Business School, Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Sri Lanka. 2 Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Sri Lanka. * Corresponding Author: [email protected].
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 136 THE IMPACT OF WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT ON THE OPERATING PROFIT OF THE LISTED COMPANIES IN SRI LANKA M.S. Thayaraj1* and J. Jeyapriya2 ABSTRACT Today's rapidly changing environment always impacts business organizations. Therefore, the main objective of any business organization is business growth and long-term survival in a competitive environment. To survive, firms must earn sufficient profits. Working capital management is crucial for a company's value, operating profit, and risk. This research aims to examine the impact of working capital management (WCM) on the operating profit of listed companies in Sri Lanka. The population of this study identifies all the companies that are listed on the Colombo Stock Exchange of Sri Lanka. According to the Colombo Stock Exchange (2019), there are 290 companies listed under twenty business sectors on the Stock Exchange of Sri Lanka. The limited firms of Sri Lanka that are listed on the CSE are used as the study's sample to assess the effect of working capital management on operating profit. Based on the information that is available for the study period under consideration, 100 companies are chosen. Data for the study has been gathered for the one-year period from 2021, and annual reports have been published on the CSE website. Since the goal of this research study is to describe quantitative data and company operating profit, the researcher used secondary data in accordance with the "descriptive research design" method. The study employed descriptive analysis to examine the current status of WCM variables, control variables, and operating profit. The correlation analysis examines the relationship between the independent variable and operating profit, the control variable and
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 137 operating profit, and the multiple regression analysis examines the impact of WCM variables, such as accounts receivable, accounts payable, inventory management, and cash conversion cycle, and control variables, such as firm size and debt, on operating profit, measured by operating profit margin. The findings indicate that accounts receivable, inventory ratio, accounts payable, cash conversion cycle, current ratio, firm size, and debt have an insignificantly lower relationship with operating profit. This research gives a sign of successful business management that is capable of using working capital management. Success in business management is demonstrated by the capacity to maintain a healthy balance between growth, operating profit, and liquidity. This analysis aids in improving the company's liquidity and solvency situation. The prompt payment of all short-term debts as well as various operating expenses is made possible through smart work capital management. It means ensuring that business capital is invested appropriately in assets while preserving the right ratio between current assets and current liabilities. The study provides valuable insights for companies to improve their WCM practices to enhance their operating profit. KEYWORDS: Inventory turnover ratio, Cash conversion cycle, Firm size. 1,2 Faculty of Commerce and Management, Eastern University, Sri Lanka. * Corresponding Author: [email protected].
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 138 THE IMPACT OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN BRANDIX APPAREL SOLUTIONS (PVT) LTD, SRI LANKA S. Kavishemi1* and D. Thavakumar2 ABSTRACT In today's business landscape, retaining skilled talent is crucial for organizational success. Training and development strategies (TD) play a crucial role in enhancing job satisfaction and ensuring long-term retention. As technology has progressed, the landscape of training has evolved. Presently, organizations increasingly depend on digital training strategies. Therefore, the relationship between TD (mobile learning (ML) and social media training (SMT)) and employee retention is well researched in the different context. However, there are contradictory arguments that have been observed on the relationship among the concepts of TD (ML and SMT) and employee retention. Therefore, this study fills this empirical gap by investigating the TD (ML and SMT) to retain the employees. The main aim of the study is to address this lacuna by explaining to what extent TD (ML and SMT) impact on employee retention. Furthermore, a structured questionnaire was used as the method of data collection and simple random sampling is used to collect data from 100 individual executive level employees in Brandix Apparel Solutions (Pvt) Ltd, Batticaloa. The data were analyzed using correlation and regression analyses to find out the relationships and the impacts of the independent and dependent variables. Further, the correlation analysis indicated that there is a significant strong positive relationship between TD (ML and SMT) and employee retention where regression analysis concludes it has a positive impact on employee retention. During digital transformation, organizations prioritize digital
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 139 training, emphasizing mobile learning through smartphones and tablets. In addition, this research has been conducted in apparel sector only. So, it is suggested to future researchers to carry out this research in other sectors. Furthermore, this research would be helpful for all organizations adopting TD (ML and SMT) to understand that how to mobilize their strategies to increase the employees’ retention in the work context. KEYWORDS: Executive Level Employees, Mobile Learning, Social Media Training. 1,2 Faculty of Commerce and Management, Eastern University, Sri Lanka. * Corresponding Author: [email protected].
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 140 IMPACT OF INFLATION AND CONSUMER PRICE INDEX ON STOCK MARKET RETURN: A CASE OF SRI LANKA P. Muraleetharan1 and A. Jathusha2 ABSTRACT This study was carried out to investigate the impact of inflation and consumer price index on stock market return in Sri Lanka during the period of 2007 to 2022. Inflation and consumer price index were used as Independent Variable and All share price index (ASPI) were used as Dependent Variable in this study. The ASPI was used to analyze the stock market in Sri Lanka. Inflation is a key macroeconomic variable which adversely affect to the macroeconomic equilibrium of an economy. Data for ASPI is based on data from Colombo stock exchange (CSE). The sample is 180 Monthly observation. The research objective is Examine the impact of inflation and consumer price index on stock market return in Sri Lankan context and obtain current knowledge about the possible implication on stock returns by inflation and consumer price index in the Sri Lankan capital market. The researcher has used both correlation analysis and regression model to find out the relationship and impact of independent and dependent variables. The result obtained from this study, According to the correlation analysis the ASPI has a weak positive influence on inflation and consumer price index. Similarly according to the regression analysis inflation has positive significant relationship but consumer price index negative relationship in this analysis. Consider incorporating other macroeconomic variables, such as interest rates, exchange rates, and GDP growth, into the analysis to account for their potential influence on stock market returns. This can provide a more comprehensive view of the economic environment and also conduct event studies to analyze how specific inflation-related events or policy changes impact stock market returns in Sri Lanka. KEYWORDS: All Share Price Index, Consumer price index, Inflation, macro-economic variables, Stock market. 1,2 Department of Accounting, University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka. * Corresponding Author: [email protected].
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 141 THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC CRISIS ON SMALL MEDIUM ENTERPRISES: EVIDENCE FROM AMPARA DISTRICT OF SRI LANKA Jayaprabha Suresh1 and Upuli Mohotti2 ABSTRACT In the dynamic economic landscape of Sri Lanka, the pivotal role played by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in driving economic growth cannot be overstated. This research delves into the profound implications of economic crises on SMEs situated in the Ampara district. Utilizing a quantitative approach, the study assesses SME performance by examining both financial and operational aspects. Drawing from a sample of 183 SME owners in the district, a structured questionnaire was employed to collect data, which was subsequently subjected to rigorous analysis using SPSS. The research establishes a substantial negative relationship between economic crises and SMEs' financial and operational performance. Reduced consumer demand, constrained credit availability, and supply chain disruptions emerge as key factors undermining SMEs' resilience during economic downturns. To address these challenges, this research offers a set of comprehensive recommendations. These include facilitating improved credit access and financial support, building resilient supply chains, encouraging technological innovation adoption, implementing robust business continuity planning, and promoting research and collaboration. These findings have vital implications for various stakeholders, including policymakers, SME proprietors, and the research community, equipping them with valuable insights to develop strategies that enhance the resilience and sustainability of SMEs in Ampara district." KEYWORDS: Economic Crisis, SMEs Financial Performance, SMEs Operational Performance. 1,2 Department of Economics, Eastern University, Sri Lanka. * Corresponding Authors: [email protected] and [email protected].
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 142 A STUDY ON BRAND PREFERENCE OF SMALL CARS AMONG CONSUMERS IN CHENNAI CITY IN INDIA K. Anandh1 ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to examine brand preference of small cars among consumers in Chennai city in India. The results indicates that about 31.00 per cent of consumers prefer Maruthi Suzki brand of small car followed by Hyundai (19.60 per cent), Tata(17.20 per cent), Nissan(13.60 per cent), Ford(9.40 per cent), Chevrolet(3.60 per cent), Honda(2.00 per cent), Volkswagen(1.80 per cent), Toyota(1.20 per cent) and Skoda(0.60 per cent). There is a significant difference between socio-economic status of the consumers and their brand preferences of small cars. Indians are conscious about the price and fuel efficiency. Whoever is selling low-priced, fuelefficient small cars will succeed and they are likely to see large volumes of sales. Hence, the small car makers should concentrate on all these factors in their production and marketing plans. The selection of appropriate target markets, the development of strong product image, promotion and operation for domestic market may be recommended as specific marketing plans in order to capture the huge market potential for small cars. Besides, establishing effective cost strategies in providing different levels of quality and various types of attribute experiences can be recommended for developing market as a competitive business for the small cars in domestic markets. KEYWORDS: Brand Preference, Consumers, Small Cars. 1 Tamilnadu Teachers Education University, Chennai-600097. * Corresponding Author: [email protected].
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 143 AN ANALYSIS OF GRADUATE EMPLOYABILITY OF A STATE UNIVERSITY IN SRI LANKA V. Kanagasingam1 and N. Rajeshwaran2 ABSTRACT The present turbulent environment emphasizes the importance of education for obtaining employment. Despite initiatives are being taken by universities and government, graduate unemployment is a major problem in Sri Lanka. Aim of the study is twofold (i) to identify the employability of graduates in various streams of a selected university in Sri Lanka; (ii) to examine whether the employability of graduates is dependent on graduates’ knowledge and skills (degree, English, IT, class, internship) of a selected university in Sri Lanka. Out of 1649 graduates, data were collected through google form from 1336 graduates of all faculties of a State University in Sri Lanka during the General Convocation 2023. Descriptive statistics and Chi Square Test were used to analysis the collected data. The results revel that MBBS graduates has 100% of employability while nursing graduates has 81% of employability. In the meantime, graduates from Siddha Medicine have 30% of employability. Bachelor of Computer Science, BSc Honours in Biology, BSc Honours in Physical Science, BBAHons(Marketing Management), BScHons(Marketing Management), BComHons(Accounting and Finance) BScHons(Accounting and Financial Management) and BSc (Agriculture) have around 75% of employability. However, 50% to 60% of general degree graduates of BSc in Biology and BSc in Physical Science has obtained jobs. It is surprising that Technology graduates has around 40% of employability. But, only 14% of Bachelor of Arts graduates and 27% of Bachelor of Fine Arts in Aesthetic studies graduates have obtained employment. The study also finds that the employability of graduates is dependent on graduates’
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 144 knowledge and skills (degree, English, IT, class, internship) of a selected university in Sri Lanka. It is concluded that honours degree holders from Science stream has more employability and subsequently Commerce stream graduates particularly Accounting, Finance and Marketing specialization graduates have considerable amount of employment opportunities. Nevertheless, Arts stream graduates has very poor employment opportunities in Sri Lanka. Moreover, graduates’ knowledge and skills pertaining to types of degree, English, IT, class and internship are significantly influencing on employability of graduates. Findings of the study help to policy makers as well as academicians to design the curriculum of degree programme. KEYWORDS: Employability, Education, Degree, Graduate, Internship. 1 Faculty of Commerce and Management, Eastern University, Sri Lanka. * Corresponding Author: [email protected].
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 145 21ST CENTURY CHALLENGES FOR CREATING A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE IN SRI LANKA M.P.N.M. Kumarathunga1 and W.A.M. Gunathilaka2 ABSTRACT The goal of Sustainable Development originates from international concerns dating back to the 1972 UN Conference on Human Environment held in Stockholm, and subsequent international efforts to address issues of conservation and development. At the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) held in Johannesburg in 2002, countries of the world including Sri Lanka committed to developing road maps for achieving sustainable development. This research investigates the 21st century challenges facing Sri Lanka in its pursuit of a sustainable future, particularly concerning resource management and environmental conservation. It aims to analyze the country’s current status, identify challenges, propose solutions and offer recommendations for a more sustainable trajectory. Utilizing a mixed methods approach, the study delves into pertinent issues, including resource utilization, environmental preservation and policy implications to provide a comprehensive view of Sri Lanka’s sustainable development landscape. Sri Lanka, like many countries, faces pressing challenges in securing a sustainable future. In the 21st century, rapid population growth, urbanization, resource depletion and environmental degradation have intensified concerns about sustainability. This research aims to examine the specific challengers in Sri Lanka’s context and propose strategies to address them for a more sustainable future. This research objectives were assess the current state of resource management and environmental conservation initiatives in Sri Lanka. To identify key challenges hindering the progress
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 146 towards sustainable development in Sri Lanka. Research question was what the critical challenges are hindering Sri Lanka’s efforts towards creating a sustainable future in the 21st century, specifically regarding resource management and environmental conservation. This research holds immense significance as it provides an in-depth analysis of the obstacles impending Sri Lanka’s journey towards sustainability. By shedding light on these challenges, it aims to inform policymakers, businesses and communities about the urgent need for interventions and strategies that prioritize sustainable practices. This research was employ a mixed methods approach, integrating qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques. Qualitative methods, such as interviews and case studies were offer insights into the perspectives of key stakeholders, while quantitative analysis of environmental data and policy assessments were provide a comprehensive overview of Sri Lanka’s sustainability landscape. The study anticipates finding challenges stemming from inadequate resource management strategies, ineffective policy implementation and the impact of rapid industrialization on the environment. These factors likely hinder Sri Lanka’s progress towards achieving a sustainable future. In conclusion, the research were consolidate findings to propose recommendations. These suggestions may include policy reforms, community engagement programs and education initiatives to promote environmental consciousness. KEYWORDS: Sustainable Development, Resource Management, Environmental Conservation, Sri Lanka’s Challenges. 1 Faculty of Social Science, Department of Economics, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka. 2 Faculty of Technology, Department of Engineering Technology, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka. * Corresponding Author: [email protected].
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 147 HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT THE PRINCIPLES PERSONAL, PEOPLE AT WORK MANPOWER, STAFF EMPLOYEES B. Arunkumar ABSTRACT Within all types of organizations, production, manufacturing and services, educational institutions, financial institutions and so forth, it is indispensable to acquire an efficient understanding of principles of human resource management. In this research paper, the main areas that have been taken into consideration are, grievance handling, human resources service delivery, induction and on-boarding, industrial relations, Occupational Health and Safety, organizational development, performance management, recruitment and selection, training and development programs and workforce planning. It is necessary for the human resources at all levels to generate information and augment their understanding in terms of these factors. Adequate understanding in terms of these factors will enable the individuals to carry out their tasks in a well-organized manner, achieve organizational goals, maintain effective terms and relationships with others and incur job satisfaction. Therefore, it is vital for the individuals to take into account these principles throughout their employment. Furthermore, it is necessary for them to up-grade their skills and abilities to implement these principles efficiently. KEYWORDS: Human Resource Management, Job Positions, Organization, Principles, Requirements, Skills. 1 Sudharsan College of Arts and Science, (Affiliated Bharathidasan University) , Pudukkottai, Tamil Nadu, India.
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 148 DE-DOLLARISATION AND ITS IMPACT ON THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND ECONOMY IN ASIA K. Gowri Shankar1 , K. Francis Sudhakar2 and P.R.C. Gopal3 ABSTRACT This paper intends to analyse the role played by the U.S .dollar in the international payment and as a reserve currency. The relative decline of the US Dollar as a global currency is very evident. However, the U.S Dollar trade decline is nevertheless a slow one, and carries all sorts of unprecedented dangers for the world. The U.S. Dollar are in a dominant position as a global currency, mainly due to their strong management of Federal Reserves, Exchange Rate Mechanisms, Monetary Policy Measures, Fiscal Policies, Investments into newer sectors, Foreign Direct Investments, SWIFT Mechanisms, Strong Balance Sheet of US Banking Systems makes US Dollar hegemony currency over the global financial architecture. However, currently US Dollar is threatened by the rise of China, India and European Union and other ASEAN Countries. The economic factor affecting the dollarisation are considered and its impact on the Dollarisation on the economic factor is determined. The study has followed Research methodology, which includes analytical, descriptive and comparative methods. All key Economic Indicators for the selected countries like: GDP, Inflation, Interest Rate, Balance of Payment, Import Volume & Percentage, Export Volume & Percentage, Currency Movement, Fiscal Deficit, Current Account Deficit are considered for the evaluation. To study the economic indicator of the selected countries & evaluate its impact. The balance of payment and trade deficit need to be analysed, so that we can relate the impact after replacing with the proposed new currency or method. The findings clearly indicated that few countries which decoupled from Dollar
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 149 has shown signs of recovery from their economic crisis. With Asia seeing high growth and being an economically fast-growing region, this could lead to develop an exclusive Asian Currency Infrastructure for the regional trade and centralised bank mechanism for more insulated from the US dollar impact & US geo-political terms. Such a development would ultimately undermine U.S. dollar hegemony in the Asian region. KEYWORDS: Balance of Payments, Currency Devalued Countries, Trade deficit, De-globalization, Regional Currency Blocs, etc. 1, 2,3 Sri Sathya Sai University for Human Excellence, Karnataka, INDIA. *Corresponding Author: [email protected].
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India INFORMATION TRANSFORMATION
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 151 EDUCATIONAL HORIZONS: TACKLING THE PARADOX OF SUSTAINABILITY IN HIGHER EDUCATION S.K.L.J. Ramanayaka ABSTRACT Over the past decade, higher education institutions have faced the formidable challenge of integrating sustainability into curricula and fostering sustainability competencies in students. Education for Sustainability (ES) has emerged as a potent tool to prepare students for the complexities of building more sustainable societies. The realization of this vision, however, relies on the crucial step of teachers incorporating ES into their pedagogical approaches. This research, conducted in 2021 at the Sri Lanka Institute of Tourism and Hotel Management (SLITHM), aims to analyze the extent of sustainability integration among teaching staff. A meticulously crafted questionnaire was administered to 50 lecturers, revealing a commendable inclination among them to incorporate ES into teaching methodologies, with 73.43% actively engaging with sustainability concepts. The study employed advanced data analysis tools, scrutinizing closed-ended questions using SPSS v.26 software and conducting a lexical analysis of open-ended responses using Iramuteq software. Lecturers predominantly focused on two sustainability themes: "Environmental awareness and energy" and "Social commitment." Examining key competencies for future graduates, the study identified two focal points: "training of professionals committed to society" and "fostering critical thinking and ethics." This nuanced understanding showcased a connection between awareness, teaching approaches, and the prioritization of specific competencies. A distinct cohort of lecturers
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 152 (27.89%) expressed limited relevance of sustainability to their teaching, emphasizing the intricate interplay between individual awareness, institutional policies, teaching expertise, and the adoption of active methodologies in shaping sustainability integration into higher education.In conclusion, the success of sustainability integration depends on institutional policies, teaching expertise, and deliberate adoption of active methodologies. Universities, including SLITHM, must commit to promoting and supporting ES integration to equip future professional citizens with competencies to address complex challenges. The research design involved a mixed-methods approach, ensuring that students gain not just theoretical knowledge but the necessary competencies for navigating present and future societal complexities. KEYWORDS: Challenges, Education, Higher Education Institutions, Integration, Key Competencies, Sri Lanka Institute of Tourism and Hotel Management. *Corresponding Author: [email protected].
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 153 THE IMPLICATION OF VOCABULARY LEARNING STRATEGY TO ENHANCE ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING AND LEARNING R.R. Anne nirogine ABSTRACT Learning English language has become quite challenging among the learners of secondary schools especially in rural area. Over the past few decades, teaching and learning English language has been transformed into the digital era. In response, there are many study programs which are supporting digital devices have been integrated to facilitate English language teaching and learning. However, there are some schools still struggling of using the digital devices in the classroom due to the lack of internet facilities. This study explores the implication of the Vocabulary Learning Strategies while introducing a study pack/activity in supporting English language teaching and learning at Kopay Christian College, Jaffna, Sri Lanka. The strategies are aided for practical use within a traditional classroom environment where internet access may not be available. The general aim of this study is to implement the vocabulary teaching strategies while introducing the study pack in Kopay Secondary Schools. This study program contains diverse strategies designed to engage learners in an intriguing process of acquiring new words. It is a mixed-method research. Questionnaire with both closeended and open-ended questions were distributed to students from rural school backgrounds. Additionally, feedback was gathered from experienced English teachers. The study program included various strategies to learn words easily has been implemented and pre and post-test had been conducted in order to analyze effectiveness of it. The quantitative data analysis revealed that there is an improvement among the students who participated in the
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 154 implementation program compared to control group those who have been following the existing methods. The application of various vocabulary learning strategies has had a positive impact on the experimental group. Thematic analysis of qualitative data revealed the ease of use, increased motivation, and active participation and positive attitudes of students when using the Vocabulary learning strategies. In conclusion, this study recommends that secondary schools in rural area to consider integrating the Vocabulary Learning Strategy Program to enhance the English language teaching and learning to be lively and effective. The results emphasize the positive impact of the strategy program on both students and teachers, supporting its effectiveness as a platform for English language teaching and learning. KEYWORDS: Learning English language, Student perception, Vocabulary strategy pack, Vocabulary. Department of humanities, university of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka. *Corresponding Author: [email protected].
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 155 EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AND SMARTPHONE UTILIZATION OF GRADE 10/11 STUDENTS IN SRI LANKA: A CASE STUDY IN RATNAPURA DISTRICT B.G.B.S. Nimasha1,2* ABSTRACT The pervasive adoption of smartphones, particularly among school children, has surged in recent years, with the COVID-19 pandemic further emphasizing their role as essential tools for online education. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between academic performance and smartphone utilization among grade 10/11 students in Sri Lanka, with the mediating effect of sleep quality. The study population comprised 15-yearold and older Sri Lankan school students, with a sample size of 188 participants surveyed using Google Forms, selected through a convenient sampling technique to ensure a representative sample. The study examined smartphone usage habits through self-evaluating questions, especially in bed, and their impact on sleep quality evaluated through the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Academic performance, measured by the total average marks on a recent term test, served as the key outcome variable. The Structural Equation Model (SEM) was employed for data analysis. Findings indicated that general smartphone use and notifications exhibited a negative impact on sleep quality (coefficients of -0.54 and -0.58, respectively). Conversely, app and feature usage, along with smartphone dependency, demonstrated a positive relationship with sleep quality (coefficients of 0.84 and 0.74, respectively). Sleep quality itself exhibited a positive correlation with academic performance (coefficient of 0.67).
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 156 These results show a significant relationship between smartphone utilization, sleep quality, and academic performance. The study suggests that minimizing smartphone usage in bed is crucial for promoting good quality sleep, which, in turn, is positively associated with academic achievements. Controlling general use and notifications while fostering responsible app and feature usage can contribute to enhanced sleep quality, thereby improving academic outcomes. In conclusion, this research contributes valuable insights into the multifaceted dynamics of smartphone utilization, sleep quality, and academic performance, offering implications for educators, parents, and policymakers aiming to optimize the educational environment for students in the digital age. KEYWORDS: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Academic performance, School Children, Sleep Quality, Education. 1 Faculty of Education, Open University of Sri Lanka, Regional Center, Ratnapura, Sri Lanka. 2 Kahawatta Central College, Kahawatta, Sri Lanka. *Corresponding Author: [email protected].
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 157 THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TASK-BASED LANGUAGE TEACHING ON ENHANCING FRENCH SPEAKING PROFICIENCY AMONG SECONDARY STUDENTS LEARNING FRENCH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE W.K.N Udara* ABSTRACT Traditional teaching methods based on textbooks are increasingly recognised as ineffective in addressing the real-world requirements of contemporary learners, especially concerning communicative skills. Thus, this qualitative research investigates the effectiveness of Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) in enhancing French speaking skills among secondary students studying French as a Foreign Language in Sri Lanka. The primary objective of this study is to examine the impact of TBLT on improving speaking proficiency within the context of the Sri Lankan educational system. The study comprises a sample of 62 secondary students who have completed the Ordinary Level French language examination with either a C pass or an S pass, taken from three leading girls' schools in the Galle district. The sample was selected according to the convenient sampling method. Then, a quasiexperimental method was employed, starting with a pre-test administered to the entire sample. The sample was divided into two groups: the control group (n = 32) and the experimental group (n = 32). The treatment period was continued for two months with four contact hours per week, with the control group receiving instruction through traditional methods and the experimental group through TBLT methods. The treatment period was followed by a posttest. To evaluate the students during the pre-and post-tests, a scoring rubric was adapted from Brown (2001), which encompassed grammar, content, pronunciation, vocabulary, and fluency. For each test, the scores were given
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 158 out of 50. Then, SPSS was used to conduct the statistical analysis of the test marks. The findings show a positive impact of both teaching methods on the improvement of students' French-speaking skills. Yet, the comparative analysis reveals that the experimental group shows a significant improvement compared to the control group. According to the conclusion, educators and curriculum designers can integrate TBLT pedagogies into language classrooms to enhance not only speaking skills but also other communicative skills, because TBLT with its emphasis on authenticity in language use, proves to be an effective approach to promoting effective language acquisition among students. KEYWORDS: French, Speaking skills, Authenticity, Task Base Language Teaching, Traditional Teaching. Department of English and Modern Languages, NSBM Green University. *Corresponding Author: [email protected].
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 159 THE STUDY OF FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE IN ENGLISH POEMS: AN INNOVATIVE METHOD M. Somathasan ABSTRACT The figurative language, also called ‘figures of speech’ plays a vital role in the literary works like prose, poetry, story, novel, etc. While concerning the poems, they almost use the figures of speech for bringing a special effect to them by using words in distinctive ways. A poem without the figurative language is compared with a bird without wings. Further, understanding a poem is impossible unless the figures of speech in it are recognized. Moreover, in learning a poem, discerning the characteristics of the figurative language is not easy for a student of English literature. It is an issue, which, therefore, is crucial to be studied properly. Considering the current technology-incorporated learning and teaching process, the researcher of this study believed that an innovative method would help the students learn about the figurative language well rather than by using the traditional ways. Thus, this study was two-fold. One was to teach the types of figures of speech to the students of B.A. offering English as a subject at the Eastern University, Sri Lanka; and the other one was to test their knowledge in it. To do both folds, a computational tool, called ‘Figures of Speech: Learner and Tester’ as an innovative method was developed, using Visual Basic 6. Then a pretest (in traditional way) was conducted; and then a post test was conducted with the help of the developed tool. The comparison of both results shows that the students learn the figures of speech to great extent with the help of the innovative method rather than using the traditional ways. KEYWORDS: English literature, Poems, Figurative language, Innovative method. Department of Languages, Faculty of Arts and Culture, Eastern University, Sri Lanka. *Corresponding Author: [email protected].
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 160 EFFECTIVENESS OF AUDIO-VISUAL METHOD IN AMELIORATING COMMUNICATIVE SKILLS IN ENGLISH M.S.M. Rizwan ABSTRACT This study aims to ameliorate the communicative skills in English of grade-six students in the east coast of Sri Lanka. The specific objectives of the study are to identify the causes of being inarticulate and to recommend methods to improve speaking skills. The study was undertaken with a quantitative research design. The students in grade six find it difficult to communicate in English is the research problem of this study. This study was carried out on sixty grade six randomly selected students. Students of one of the 1C-typed schools in the Kalmunai educational district were the samples for this study. A pre-test in speaking was administered to the samples to identify their competence in speaking. The samples were divided into controlled and experimental groups. Audio-visual learning activities were used as a strategy for the experimental group whereas conventional methods were used for the controlled group during the intervention. To observe whether there was a statistically remarkable difference between the pre-test and post-test, an independent samples t-test and a paired samples t-test were administered using SPSS statistical software. As per the performance in the post-test, the results showed that there is a statistically significant difference between the post-test scores of the control group (M= 35.1667, SD= 5.35037) and the experimental group (M= 52.7667, SD= 6.65237) with respect to the type of treatment (t (29) = -25.332, p< 0.05), p<0.05). Therefore, it can be said that those who received instruction through audio-visual learning activities showed significantly higher performance in their speaking skills than those who received the instruction in the control group. Therefore, the results concluded that the instruction through audio-visual
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 161 learning activities was found to be significantly ameliorating the communicative skills in English of grade six students. Further, the results highlight that anxiety, incompetence in syntactic structures and lack of linguistic stimuli are the major causes for being inarticulate. KEYWORDS: Audio-visual, Communicative skill, Competency, L2, Learning activities. . Department of English, Sri Lanka Institute of Advanced Technological Education (SLIATE), Hardy ATI, Ampara, Sri Lanka. *Corresponding Author: [email protected].
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 162 TEACHERS’ AND STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF RUBRICS UTILIZATION IN FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT R.D.C. Niroshinie ABSTRACT Formative assessment stands as a pivotal tool for gauging student progress and fostering continuous learning. Among the various strategies utilized within formative assessment, the use of rubrics has gained prominence for its potential to provide structured feedback and clear performance expectations for self-regulated learning. Therefore, this research mainly aims to address the gaps by exploring the perceptions, practices, and challenges of utilizing rubrics in formative assessment from the viewpoints of teachers and students. The specific objectives of the research were to find out teachers’ awareness and understanding of rubrics, explore teachers’ practices and experiences in using rubrics, examine students’ experiences and attitudes towards rubrics, identify perceived benefits and challenges of using rubrics in formative assessment, and explore strategies for optimizing rubric use in formative assessment. Pragmatism aligns well with this research as it focuses on practical outcomes and seeks to combine various perspectives to understand a complex phenomenon. Mixed methods approach was employed. The student and the teacher sample were limited to the Homagama educational zone in the Colombo district. The sample was selected employing the simple random sampling technique. Seventy-five teachers were selected across five subjects. A questionnaire for teachers and students and focus group discussions were the data collection
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 163 instruments. Teachers generally perceive rubrics as effective in evaluating student learning progress. However, common challenges include time constraints in rubric creation and aligning rubrics with diverse learning objectives. Across all subjects, the majority of students (ranging from 60% to 80%) perceive rubrics as beneficial for selfassessment and improvement. A significant proportion of students across subjects (ranging from 50% to 80%) believe that rubrics positively impact their learning outcomes by providing clarity and facilitating their understanding of expectations. Across subjects, a majority of teachers (ranging from 70% to 90%) agree that rubrics enhance the quality of feedback provided to students. A smaller percentage of teachers (ranging from 20% to 40%) perceive rubrics as somewhat rigid and limiting in assessing diverse student work. Some suggestions from the research were to provide teachers with professional development workshops and resources focused on rubric creation while aligning the lesson objectives, encourage collaborative learning environments where students and teachers work together to understand and apply rubrics effectively, and foster a culture of continuous improvement by regularly evaluating and refining rubrics based on feedback from both teachers and students. KEYWORDS: Perceptions, Rubrics, Formative assessment. Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka. *Corresponding Author: [email protected].
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 164 PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS' READINESS IN IDENTIFYING SPECIFIC LEARNING DISABILITY: DYSLEXIA Samudra Senarath ABSTRACT Research on dyslexia states that some children have great difficulty learning to read, write, spell, and pronounce words, despite having normal intelligence. The prevailing rate of dyslexia is 5%–12% in the present world. However, Sri Lankan literature reports that the prevailing rate is 5–10%. Researchers have stated that the primary symptoms of dyslexia in early school children are poor identification and knowledge of sounds, low awareness of phonemes, and problems with coping. Primary school teachers should be able to identify struggling learners who may have dyslexia-type learning disability in order to facilitate early intervention. The objectives of the study are to examine elementary school teachers' knowledge of behavioral and cognitive difficulties related to dyslexia and investigate teacher attitudes toward learners with dyslexia. A survey method was implemented, and among the primary school teachers, 400 were randomly selected from western province schools in order to investigate teacher readiness and identify learning difficulties about dyslexia. Teacher readiness and attitudes were measured on two scales. Research findings highlight that most of the primary teachers have low scores of awareness of dyslexia behavioral and cognitive difficulties, in contrast with specially trained teachers. The participants had positive attitudes towards the dyslexia children, identifying primary symptoms rather than secondary symptoms like psychological problems. Based on this research study teachers need more training on dyslexia, more facilities, and teaching-learning aids; improve remedial teaching. To measure the academic performance of the dyslexic, change examination procedure for all special needs children. KEYWORDS: Attitudes, Dyslexic Children, Behavioral Difficulties, Cognitive Difficulties, Primary teachers. Department of Educational Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka. *Corresponding Author: [email protected].
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 165 IDENTIFICATION OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILD - FRIENDLY LEARNING ENVIRONMENT IN SRI LANKAN PRE-SCHOOL Dilani Jesuiya1 and T. Mukunthan2 ABSTRACT The concept of Child-Friendly Schools (CFS) is grounded in the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) and embodies a comprehensive, systemwide strategy to enhance the quality of education by prioritizing the child's role in educational reform. The flexibility of the Child-Friendly School approach is intentional, allowing for adaptation to diverse social, political, and cultural contexts in different countries. Despite variations, stakeholders involved in CFS implementation share a profound commitment to upholding child rights. Their reform endeavors are guided by the core Child-Friendly principles of access, respect, and quality, along with a focus on dimensions such as inclusion, learning effectiveness, health, safety, protection, participation, and gender responsiveness. These interconnected concepts and dimensions are woven into country-specific CFS policies and practices, creating a mutually reinforcing framework for education reform. In 1999, UNICEF's Programme Division introduced the Child- Friendly Schools (CFS) framework to promote schools that cater to the holistic development of children. Since then, the CFS initiative has become UNICEF's primary education program and is implemented in 95 countries globally (UNICEF, 2009). UNICEF supports and promotes the CFS framework at the regional and global levels. The CFS model embodies the following key elements: effectiveness, inclusiveness, democratic participation, a healthy, safe, and protective environment, and gender sensitivity (Clair, Miske & Patel, 2010;
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 166 Akoto-Senaman, 2015; Cobanoglu, Ayvaz-Tuncel & Ordu, 2018). In essence, it is imperative to create a learning environment that is conducive to effective teaching and learning, accommodates diversity and is inclusive of all students, allows for active participation and involvement of all stakeholders, provides a safe and healthy environment, and is sensitive to gender-related issues in pre-school education. Much is being learned about CFS dimensions and what are the characteristics of Child Friendly learning environment in pre-schools in Batticaloa District. The research design of the study has been decided as a mixed methods design. Questionnaires are planned to be collected from teachers in Quantitative method, interview and observation from is decided to be given to preschools as a qualitative, so both forms are combined in this study as a mixed method. The analysis of this study is to analyses the information obtained from the teachers using descriptive analysis method in quantitative. interviews, observation result will be obtained in narrative analysis in qualitative methods. In Batticaloa zone 99 Pre-school in 10 % selected (13 pre-school) in stratified random sampling and teachers 5% , principals 10% & School will be selected 10% on purposive samplings. Overall, while this research provides important insights into identify the characteristics of child-friendly learning environments in pre-schools. KEYWORDS: Child -Friendly, Learning Environment, Sri Lankan Preschool. 1,2 The Open University, Sri Lanka. *Corresponding Author: [email protected]
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 167 EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON PROMOTING GOOD HEALTH HABITS FOR CHILDREN (SPECIFIC TO 10 SELECTED YOUTUBE CHANNELS) H.N. Jayawickrama ABSTRACT Inculcating good health habits in every person is imperative, and the foundation for such habits should ideally be laid during childhood. Traditionally, young children learned these essential habits from their parents and other adults in their immediate environment. However, in today's digital age, the landscape has shifted, with social media playing a prominent role in shaping the behavior and choices of the young generation. Due to this, social media possesses significant potential in promoting social welfare and instilling virtuous values in children. The primary objective of this research is to investigate the role and effectiveness of Sinhala-language YouTube channels in facilitating the transmission and promotion of health habits among children. Qualitative research methodology was employed as the chosen approach to thoroughly investigate the nuanced aspects of how Sinhala YouTube channels contribute to the transmission of health habits among children. Primary data was collected through interviews with 20 randomly selected parents from Kandy Municipal Council. Additionally, content analysis was conducted on ten selected Sinhala language YouTube channels using secondary data sources. The channels selected for this research include Sinhala Fairy Tales, Cartoon Katha, Sinhala TV, Fairy World, Baby Hub, Siyasa Animations, Rupavahini Animation Studio, Tikiri Baba Animations, SL Animation Cartoon Hub, and Sinhala Kids Stories & Rhymes. The research conducted a content analysis of Sinhala YouTube channels, revealing a notable absence of health education content,
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 168 particularly related to fostering healthy habits. Instead, these channels predominantly featured other content types, overshadowing educational material. Interviews with parents reinforced this concern, highlighting that not only did these channels fail to reinforce healthy habits, but they could potentially undermine them. Commercial interests appeared to heavily influence the channel content, prioritizing views and engagement over informative, health-promoting material. This shift towards entertaining content often neglected to consider the developmental stages of children, risking potential misunderstanding or misinterpretation of health-related messages. Moreover, parents faced challenges in monitoring and filtering the content their children accessed on these channels, raising concerns about increased screen time and sedentary behavior. Children's prolonged engagement with these channels potentially replaced physical activities and outdoor play, prompting worries about the impact on their overall well-being. The researcher suggests that children's content creators on YouTube channels and parents need to be educated on this issue to make positive progress in children. Also, it is essential that content creators have a regulation or guidance when making content related to children. KEYWORDS: Children, Good Health Habits, Influence, Promoting, Social Media. 1 Department of Mass Communication, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka. *Corresponding Author: [email protected].
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 169 INTEGRATION OF AI-BASED TEACHING ASSISTANT BOT IN ACADEMIC COURSES TO FACILITATE LEARNING AMONG LARGE STUDENT GROUPS S.L. Rohanadeera1* and K.P. Hewagamage2 ABSTRACT When expanding the intake size of a higher education institution, maintaining educational quality requires proportional increases in both physical and human resources. However, augmenting human resources, particularly competent staff, poses greater challenges than expanding physical infrastructure. Insufficient academic staff, including teaching assistants, directly impacts student interaction and engagement, leading to a decline in educational quality. To address this, our project introduces an AIbased Teaching Assistant BOT designed to facilitate student learning through conversational interactions. Students commonly encounter difficulties comprehending new subjects, necessitating one-on-one support. The TA BOT serves as a real-time online alternative, facilitating individual student needs. Recent advancements in Conversational AI tools, exemplified by ChatGPT from OpenAI and Bard from Google, have gained popularity for online subject exploration. However, these tools rely on publicly available knowledge on the web, providing answers in a context-independent manner and often yielding different responses to the same question. Hence, these tools could provide limited assistance since they do not depend on the course content, syllabi, or references in the subject when answering questions. In contrast, the TA BOT leverages a Large Language Model (LLM), designed to infer course resources as primary references, ensuring contextually relevant responses. Development of the TA BOT utilized 'gpt3.5-turbo,' of OpenAI for a course in Software Engineering course.
International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR 2024) Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University, India, and ESN Publications, India 170 Employing the Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) methodology, supported by the LlamaIndex framework, we created a comprehensive dataset. The TA BOT, adopting the persona of a Teaching Assistant, delivers contextual interactions based on subject matter questions while prohibiting academic offences or malpractices. Even in cases where the fine-tuned knowledge lacks an answer, the TA BOT can provide responses beyond the dataset, showcasing its versatility. Preliminary tests confirm the TA BOT's ability to furnish precise, high-quality answers. Positive student feedback underscores its potential to enhance the educational experience. The tool is publicly accessible for experimentation at http://chat.ucsc.cmb.ac.lk, offering a promising solution. KEYWORDS: AI-based Tools, Retrieval Augmented Generation, Large Language Model, Chat BOT, Teaching Assistants. 1,2 University of Colombo School of Computing. *Corresponding Author: [email protected].