Contemporary Educational
Management And
Leadership Theories
by :
WAN MOHAMED ASYRAF BIN WAN AZMI
AMANI BINTI AWANG QAMARULDEEN
HAMSHAHRIL BIN HAMDAN
NUR HANISAH BINTI MOHAMED FUZI
Table of 1 Situational leadership
contents 2 Strategic management theories
3 Strategic leadership theories
4 Distributed leadership theories
5 Followers leadership
6 Sustainable leadership
7 Love Pedagogy
Situational leadership
WAN MOHAMED ASYRAF BIN
WAN AZMI
G1815673
Situational leadership is
a leadership style that has been
developed and studied by
Kenneth Blanchard and Paul
Hersey in the late of 1960‘s.
Definition /
Concept
The situational َو َرفَ ْعنَا بَ ْع َض ُه ْم فَ ْو َق َب ْع ٍض َد َر َجا ٍت
leadership refers to those ِل َيتَّ ِخ َذ َب ْع ُض ُه ْم َب ْع ًضا ُس ْخ ِريًّا
leaders who adopt
different ‖and We elevated some of
them in rank above others, that
leadership styles
some of them would take others
according to
in service‖
the situation and the (Surah Az-Zukhruf : 32)
development level of their
team members.
HAMSHAHRIL BIN HAMDAN
G 1810893
Strategic leadership Strategic leadership, is an ability by the
leader to anticipate, prepare and position
for the future (Serfontien & Hough, 2011)
It has also been observed to be the
leaders ability to anticipate, create a
vision, empower others and exercise
flexibility, to create a strategic and viable
future of the organization (Kleijnen,
Dolmans, Muijtjens, Willems, & & Van
Hout, 2009).
Characteristics
Courageous Disciplined
Open-Minded
Endurance
Collaborative CHARACTERISTICS Perspective
Inspiring
Strategic Coaches
Accountable
Insightful
Great Man Theories
"Great leaders are born, not made"? This quote
sums up the basic tenant of the great man
theory of leadership, which suggests that the
capacity for leadership is inborn. According to
this theory, you're either a natural born leader
or you're not.
The term "Great Man" was used because, at the time,
leadership was thought of primarily as a male quality,
especially in terms of military leadership.
The mythology behind some of the world's most
famous leaders such as Abraham Lincoln, Julius
Caesar, Mahatma Gandhi, and Alexander the Great
helped contribute to the notion that great leaders are
born and not made.
6 FACTORS FOR STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP
FACTOR 1: FACTOR 2: FACTOR 3 FACTOR 4 FACTOR 5 FACTOR 6
DEVELOP YOUR ESTABLISH ENGAGE BUILD YOUR FACTOR 5: MAKE
FOUNDATIONAL THE VISION STAKEHOLD STRATEGIC EXECUTE DECISIONS
SKILLS ERS PLAN YOUR TO WIN
STRATEGIC
PLAN
01
The implementation of strategic leadership has the obvious
benefit of strategy. Any framework, which utilizes carefully
constructed ideas of how to move forward, will benefit over a
system of reactive actions. If you create a plan focusing on
the long-term vision, as well as the short-term actions that
support the vision, you create a stronger structure for
operating
02
The framework essentially provides more clarity in the
decision-making process because it sets out the benchmarks
of which actions and choices are measured against. The
leader and the subordinates have a roadmap ahead of them,
which guides them in all of their actions.
Strategic competitiveness would give
companies an advantage to survive in
an uncertain and turbulent era by
formulating and executing their
strategies successfully. It is also
suggested that if organizations focus
more on a product differentiation and
integration of their people, they will
perform well and yield above-average
returns (Serfontein & Hough, 2011).
The Shariah describes
the efficient and
effective conduct of
Any organization that seek to organizations as being
incorporate Islamic value in strategic
encompassed within
planning need to follow Sharia's
guidelines. the concept of ihsan or
Shaddad ibn Aws relates, in Sahih excellence. Every
Muslim (Hadith no. 4810), that
Prophet Muhammad (p.b.u.h) organization must strive
taught that: ―God has ordained
for excellence in
excellence in everything […]‖.Rafik
Issa Beekun. (2006). planning and
implementation beside
the main purpose to
achieve Allah S.W.T
blessing.
Summary
• Effective strategic leadership is not just about position and power in the
organizational hierarchy, but about personal power that enables all
people in the Organization to create their own future as well as the
future of their organization. It is about serving (servant leadership) and
stewardship which engenders commitment rather than egocentric
behavior that can at best offer compliance.
• Strategic leadership is about creating realistic expectations and
balance these with aspirations and then creating a context where
aspirations van be realized. Leadership that does the right thing at the
right time and enables ordinary people to accomplish extraordinary
things can no longer be the preserve of the ‗man at the top‘ (Charlton,
1992:5).
Distributed leadership’ (DL) as
potential solution to the tendency of
01 leadership thinking to be divided into
two opposing camps: those that
consider it largely the consequence of
individual agency (e.g. Bass 1985)
‗Distributed Leadership
02 implies (Spillane, 2002: 20).
social distribution of multiple
leaders inter-dependency
rather than dependency.
03 Distributed Leadership Theory (Spillane et
al, 2004;28) We propose the distributed
leadership framework as a sensing device Simple Portfolio
Presentation
for registering the complex practice of
school leadership. It is a frame informed by
practice
Characteristics of an Organization with Distributed Leadership
(Harris and Muijs 2004:6)
Leaders have expert rather The leader role generally
than formal authority resides with the person who
Leadership shifts according to has expert authority for the
need; designated task.
Vision is a unifying force A Collaborative teams formed
clearly articulated vision for specific purposes The
which is equally shared teams have fluid membership,
among all members exerts which changes according to
incredible cohesive force. It the task, the roles, and the
is what allows progress to be requisite talent.
made without diverging or
going off course.
Theory/ Model
Principles/ Dimensions
FACTORS
Oduro, G.K.T., 2004
Advantages
1. It gives the company more options.
More people are given the authority to make decisions
that are needed
2. It retains elements of the traditional chain-of-command.
Many companies still focus on a leadership style that features
command and control features.
3. It shares the bigger picture with everyone.
When there is one person charged with making every decision and
being fully responsible for everything, then that person is the only one
who truly knows what the big picture happens to be.
4. It allows people to take ownership over their work.
When people are permitted to use their creativity and experiences
to complete their job duties, then they take more psychological
ownership of the work being done
5. It provides upward movement opportunities.
If a business is not giving their talented workers a chance to earn a
promotion or some kind of upward movement within their corporate
structure, then they are going to lose that talent
• Theorized advantages
include more information to
contribute to the decision,
more diverse perspectives
to inform deliberation, and
greater efficiency for
implementation.
• Here we examine the impact
of a distributed leadership
intervention—as well as
associated individual and
team characteristics—on
collaborative team decision
making.
ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVES • According to the Tafsir by Imam
Ibnu Kathir, ―Did they then feel
secure against Allah's plan None
feels secure from Allah's plan
except the people who are the
losers.‖
• However, the fact that planning
from Allah S.W.T should not
deter us from do planning. In this
context of organization, we must
acknowledge His supremacy in
doing strategic planning.
Planning is helpful and may
provide an advantage to
organization.
Summary
• In conclusion for effective distributed leadership in schools,
head teachers should endeavor to create network and
support among teachers and head-teachers. This will be
helpful in way to improve and achieve the abilities and talents
of teachers and head teachers across schools.
• Given the findings, head teachers should find ways of giving
freedom to teachers who are deemed and ready to lead
particular areas of the school even if it is for a shorter time.
Additionally, a well-structured programmed of high quality in-
service training should be developed and offered to every
head teacher and teacher in order for every school to
develop appropriately.
• Finally we argue that it is necessary to provide much specific
programmed that are related to leadership skills and
knowledge for head-teachers and teachers periodically to
keep them abreast to the dynamic nature of distributed
leadership.
References
• Bass, B.M. (1985). Leadership and Performance beyond
• Expectations. New York: Free Press.
• Charlton, G.D. 1992. Leadership – The human race. Kenwyn: Juta & Co.
• Harris, A., & Muijs, D. (2004). Improving schools through teacher
leadershipLondon,UK: Oxford University Press.
• Kleijnen, J. D. (2009). Organisational values in higher education: Perceptions
and preferences of staff. Quality in Higher Education,15 (3), 233-249
• Rafik Issa Beekun. (2006). Strategic Planning and Implementation for Islamic
Organizations. International Institute of Islamic Thought. 8.
• Serfontien, K., & Hough, J. (2011). Nature of the Relatioship Between
Strategic Leadership Operational Strategy and Organizational Performance.
Sajems Ns 14, 393-405.
NUR HANISAH BINTI
MOHAMED FUZI
G1819504
FOLLOWERS LEADERSHIP
Al-Qur‘an says: O you
who believe! Obey Allah
and obey the Messenger,
and those of you who are
in authority. If you differ in
anything among
yourselves, refer it to Allah
and His Messenger, if you
believe in Allah and in the
Last Day. That is better
and more suitable for final
determination. (Al-Qur‘an,
Surah an-Nisa (4): 59).
Definition / Concept
• Followers Leadership-Followership is a relational role in
which group members have the ability to influence leaders
and contribute to the improvement and attainment of group
and organizational objectives.
(Bullington, 2016)
• Team is the combinations of followers and leaders. More
often, followers are the ‘neurons’ that transmit visions and
missions to be converted to recognized results.
(Azlyn et al, 2012)
Types of Followers
Kelley‘s followers‘ typology