502763-38220_YH_TehilimEn

LWHT KUQN GTWFG

]HOHETH ]HOW]

HL]y )S:x ( Gy LQuyL HLQy yL .L[wCt ]z Hx ]LSHOW ]D RD ]LSHOW LSHOW GQy Ov :x GCy (W[x
P)O:y Hx IqU Dq[$x Gy LQuyL HLQy yL D)+$z G1u Dz ]x ( G1u Dz LHw PLQw LUw 3x $z GyL]u )S:x

GOy Tu RQv Cy POy )U FUz Hx G<y Uz Qv

GI PL[QHC N JCH

CyLQz :x L[vQy CGy Oy Cr PFyZs RQw LQv Jt [z RLUw Dy ]x ( CSy Jx Sz Ct RLCx Oz Yy Q{

'L$v RLDw L]w Nx &w RLFvGy C]y Lx [z)C [Wu Tv PUw CUy [xCz Hx
·HyqGLx ¨ ·HyqGLx D(]0y 0z LQv Jt [z&x RLOw LNw Qx [8z Ut ]Oz <x
FTu Ju [Yv qS ]Qu Cr Hu FTu Ju D[zHx PLw 5z Cz .[uCu R(3Jz Hx P(J[z OCv ¨
C4v 0w OUz D:v )L .Ou 2u Gz G7v Sz Hx GCy +y Jz Hx U:z Wu Hy RqHUy C8v qS PLWw Oy Ct Oy
FTu Ju Gz )OHx PLQw Jt [z ]&zQw $x HLCy ([$x PUw EGv Sz ]x 2w Gz PLQw Jt [z
O0y OUz Hx CSy Oy Ut RLDw L[wZx ( RLDw Ky RLQw Jt [z C1v Qz ]x Lw C(G PLQw Jt [zGy Hx
PLZw Sy Cr 3u Gz Hx PLJw Sy Cr 3u Gz PLZw )J[xGy Hx PLDw )[7x Gz OCv [y8x Lw ]L$v )2Uz
PL[wIyWx 3w Gz [Ny 8y Hx GHyZx <w RLCv Qv PLFw (DCt Gy PLFw (FDx ( PLFw (F;x Gz
L([;y :u LQw ONy Hx PL[w(TCt Gy ]LDv $x C(G:u LQw ONy Hx [Du Uv Hx G3y 5w ONy $x
.Cy Ox Qz JOz :x Lw C(G PLDw Ny )0 LFvDx )U LFvLx ]Jz <z G[yYy Dx ( [Uz Yz $x
ONy Ox ( POv Cy Ex Lw Hx P&vWx Lw Hx PGu L]v )[Yy O0y Qw POv L6w zLHx PUv L:w )LHx HLSyWy Ox
LGw )QFyZs RQw ( GOy Uy ]x ( Jz LQw Yx <z G[yGv Qx GNy ([Ct GOu )J C(G:u LQw
LUv L[wQx ( L[vLYw Zx ONy Ox GCy Ty Ct Oz LQv Jt [zHx C]y HyTx Cz .Cy Ox Qz J1z <z :x Lw
Uz L%w [xzLHx Jz LSw yL RNy )]Dx ( OCv [y8x Lw ]L$v 'L2v Uz )E$x (UL[wQx ]x Cw &x
GQy 0x ]LSHOW ]D RD ]LSHOW LSHOW L$w [w FFv)ULHw C5v [zLHw Uz L:w )LHx KLZw :x zL
Gy,Zw Ix Jw LTv <x Cw &x GQy Nx ( (S$v [z G:u qQ LFvLx OUz G[yQy LQv (CLTw <x Cw &x
R(Z[xUz ]x Lw Hx R(ZJt [z]x Lw &x RL:w L$w RLUw [xQz O0y Qw (T<x Lw .0y 'LUv [x2z Qw
LGw )[Dy Cv CyLSx Qz ]x ( RLUw $x [xCz Hx R]z CQy RQw ( LGw )FL%w Qw LGw )Z[xUz Qv
(GSv 5x Yx Lw (GCv 5y [xLw Hx )[Dy &x JOz :x Lw (GSv UtzLHx ¨ ·HyqGLx OCu C[v)Z
)FyL .Qv )T ¨ ·HyqGLx L0w OKy (L CÅ Oq5Lw L0w )FUt$z REvyLHx )0T{ $x
¨ ·HyqGLx ]Cv P<u Fx Dz UtHz RLDw L]w Nx &w LCv [yZx Qw )$ Pz,Z{ LHw
GOy Jt Qz L]w q[Tw Gt Hz /LQu LQv ]Cu Hx /Qx Jx Oz ]Cu .[zDv ( PNu LGv ÅCr

EL\

LWHT KUQN GTWFG

]HOHETH ]HOW]

ONy Hx LOw qJ O0y /Qx Qw ¨ ·HyqGLx [LTw Gv Hx DL]w 0x F)UHx /$u [x7w Qw
ONy $x PSy ]y Sx ( .$y PQy L8w Lx CÅ <y Ux FzyL [:u Ct PLUw [yGy PLw [zYx Qw LHvFx Qz
·HyqGLx O)ZOx UQz :x <w Uz )Q:y PCw [Qu Cq,Hz DL]w 0x F)UHx /LCu Sx 8
HL]y )Yx Qw Ox <y Sx IzCt Gz Hx G8u Ut<z HLSy LUv $x [:y y,Gz Hx /LGu ÅCr ¨
CÅ PLw [zYx Qw Dx L<w Qx 8z [:u Ct GOy Jt 2z Gz O0y HL7y J{ O0y <y [xQz :y Hx
GJy [xIyHx DL]w 0x F)UHx /Cu Wx q[ ¨ ·HyqGLx LSw Ct L0w /LOu Uy PL8w Cy
P]u CYy LHw Gy LWu Sy Nx $w C5v [xQz ( GZy FyYx :Qu :u LQw :x LCv [xLw PNu Oy
FLQw <y ¨ ·HyqGLx /Jt Sy Hx DL]w 0x F)UHx Z$v [xQz LOv Ex Uu 0x P<u :x Ww (
GHu[y REz 0x ]y LLw Gy Hx XLOw Jt zL /L]u qQYx Uz Hx /:u Wx Sz ])JYy Jx Yz $x Uz L$w 8x Gw Hx
UZz $y Lw ICy DL]w 0x F)UHx HLQy LQv (D*x Nz Lx CÅ [:u Ct PLw Qz CYy )QNx (
/Zu Fx Yw /LSu Wy Ox .Oz Gy Hx JQy Yx ]w G[yGv Qx /]x Ny [{Ct Hz /[u)C [Jz ;z 0z
8[uUu OUz (3FuUy Tx Lw ¨ ·HyqGLx /Wu Tx Cz zL ¨ ·HyqGLx F)D0x
(Gv,Jz LHw (G[vQx :x Lw PLQw LUw 3x $z HL]y )S:x ( D)+$z HLQy yL .L[wCt zL LHy&x
P]y )D6x Uz Ox :$v Jz Qx ( DOv L[v(D:x Ow CWv )[Gy )ZOx Ju X[uCy $y [;z C{ Lx
OOz Nx $w (LGx Lw OCv [y8x Lw )2Uw LOv )J ONy Hx (GQv LYw UtzLHx (GCv 5y [xLw C(G
JOz :x Lw P]y )D0x :x Qw OUz (S3x [zLx F)DNy $x PLFw LTw Jt (IOx Ux zL GNy [y$x Gz
)&Tx Jz ¨ ·HyqGLOz (F)L P]y )]LJw ;x Qw K1v Qz LHw PCv 5y [xLw Hx )[Dy &x
(SUv L:w )G CWv [ySv Hx ¨ ·HyqGLx (SCv Wy [x PFyCy LSv Dx Ow HL]y )COx Wx Sw Hx

G<y Cy (S]v 1y Gw ]x L0w GUy :v (ySw Hx

C O ]HC ]JC VN [WTD O YI C FLJGQ GTHSQH ZHFD U[G RLUO \JO

$Q DXWKHQWLF LQFDQWDWLRQ DJDLQVW WKH HYLO H\H

CQy Nx (C CSy LUv C:y L$w CSy LUv RLQw O0y PNu LOv Ut LSw Ct U{ L$x :y Q{

CSy LUv CZy ([Lx CSy LUv C]y Ox Nu <x CSy LUv CDy ([Yx CSy LUv
G[y:y Lx CSy LUv G[yYy CSy LUv GDy Jy [x CSy LUv G[yYy Zx CSy LUv G0y [{Ct
]Ku Ou )$ CSy LUv ]Uz Zz ): CSy LUv G1y E{Ut CSy LUv G2y Z{ Ut CSy LUv
]Du Cu ): CSy LUv ]Uz Zz )$ CSy LUv ]Ku $u Qz CSy LUv GCy )[ CSy LUv
RLw Uz )<:x Cw Hx :LCw &x CSy LUv CDy Zx (S&x CSy LUv C[y(NFx &w CSy LUv

FL\

LWHT KUQN GTWFG

]HOHETH ]HOW]

RZv Iy&x RLw Uz [(JDy &x RLw Uz ']y Dy )[Zx ( G:y Cw &x RLw Uz '<y Dw ( G:y Cw &x
RLw Uz GSy Qy Ox Cz &x RLw Uz GOy (UDx &w RLw Uz GOy (]Dx &w RLw Uz GSy Zv Ix &w RLw Uz
POy )U$y :v,:u C:y L$w CSy LUv RLQw ONy Hx G:y ([Ex &w RLw Uz GCy (8Sx &w
]LSHOW ]D RD ]LSHOW LSHOW OUz U[yGy RLw Uz $x G[y$x Fw Hx GKy L$w Gw Hx G]y Ct [y:u
C:y L&w Zz CSy LUv GCy 1y Uw CSy LUv C(GGz $x R)NOx CSy Ux $z :x Cz Hx CSy [xIz%y
CSy LUv [(yJw )% [(yJw LGw LCw &x CSy LUv C[y(yJw CSy LUv C&yJz CSy LUv
CSy LUv CJy Zx 5w CSy LUv CSy LQw Lx C1y qN&x CSy LUv [(yJw O0y OLOw Ny &x
LQv Jt [z LGw LCw &x CSy LUv LQv Jt [z C1y qN&x CSy LUv C[yLFw <x C]y (J%z :x Cz &x
LSv (SDx %z 'Oz Ut ]LOv &x CSy LUv LQv Jt [z O0y OLOw Ny &x CSy LUv LQv Jt [z )%
RL:w L$w RLSw Lx Uz ONy &x CSy LUv PLCw Sy COy Hx .LQw Fx Cz COy &x CSy LUv
[LKw yS&x CSy LUv LGw )QFyZs RQw RL5w 0w )EOx R[yQx Kz ]x Cw Hx RyLWx 0z ]x Cw
OCv [y8x Lw [Qv ): R:y LLw CÅHx P(SyL CÅ G3v Gw DL]w Nx Fw 0x OCv [y8x Lw Ox
)&Tx Jz Ox PLOw Jt zLQx Oz HLCy [vLx OCu ¨ ·HyqGLx RLUv G3v Gw DL]w Nx (
CSy LUv RLQw O0y R)NLOv Ut ]LUw $x :x Cz Hx ]L[wIy%x GCy 1y Uw CSy LUv CLGw Gz $x
OUz Qv (ZLJw [x]z Hx (J[xDx ]w Hx (Z[xUz ]x ( ([(T<y :u C:y L$w CSyLUv RLQw O0y
Jz q0 PNu Oy GuLGx Lw CÅHx )]L$v LSv $x O0y OUz Qv ( ]LSHOW ]D RD ]LSHOW LSHOW
XLZw Gy $x CÅ GOy Lx 1z $z CÅHx P),$z CÅ )]L$v LSv $x ONy Dx ( )$ KÅ:x Ow
FL%w P(:$x CÅHx HL[yDy Cv J Qz [xQv [Du Cv P(:$x CÅHx P)OJt $z CÅHx
HL]y )[Ut8z $x CÅHx Gy LFuL%wQw FL%w P(:$x CÅHx Gy L[uDy Cv Qv [Du Cv P(:$x CÅHx GDZSO HLFyL%w G Ty ;x Qw
RQv Cy POy )U FUz Hx G<y Uz Qv Gy LSu[x5yYw $x CÅHx Gy L]u )[Ut8z $x CÅHx GDZSO HLSy [x5y Yw $x CÅHx
LSw Dv Dx )T<x K1v Wz L3v [y LSw [v6x <w [6z Qw LOw []u Tv G<y Cz FUu Hy GOy Tu JYz Sv
R$v G<y Cz []u Tv LOw [6z Qw LSw [v6x <w L3v [y K1v Wz LSw Dv Dx )T<x GOy Tu GOy Tu
LOv Ut [(: [(:ŸLOv Ut GFyUtYy ])S$y RLw Uy ŸLOv Ut ][yq5 R$v VTv )L ][yq5

R$v ][yq5 VTv )L R$v ][yq5 LOv Ut RLw Uy ])S$y GFyUtYy

¨ ·HyqGLOz [Qz qC RSy )O]x Lw L&z:z OYv $x R)LOx Uu []u Tv $x D:w rL

J5z Qw /Ox L6w zL C(G L0w )$ŸJKz Dx Cu LGz ÅCr L]w Fy(YQx ( LTw Jx Qz
GTu Jx <u HLWy Sy 0x ]Jz ]z Hx .Oy .Tu yL )][yDx Cu $x ])(Gz [Du &uQw :(ZyL

HK\

LWHT KUQN GTWFG

]HOHETH ]HOW]

PQy )L V(UyL XJv Qv GOy Lx Oy FJz 5z Qw C[yL]w ŸCÅ )<Qw Ct G[yJv qTHx G3y Yw
VOu Cu /&x 6w Qw Oq5Lw PLw [yGs Yy F(:yL DKu 7u Qw .ÅGtzL OWuqC$y [Du &uQw
]Qz 1{ :w Hx KL$w ]z /LSu LUv $x Z[z :%y Lw CÅ /LOu Cv /Su LQw LQw GDy Dy [x(
<y Qx 8z R)LOx Uu LTw Jx Qz ¨ ·HyqGLx G<y Cz ŸL0w GCu [x<w PLUw :y [x
L0w /Ou Gs Cy $x D[zZx Lw ŸCÅ UEz Su Hx GUy [y /LOu Cv G3u C{ ]x CÅ /Su )UQx
/Sx (C9y Lw PLw 5z 0z ŸOUz /LNu [y&x ŸONy $x /[xQy :x Ow .1y ŸG(uYz Lx HLNy Cy Ox Qz
[LWw 0x TqQ[x<w .q[Fx <w R]u Wu Hy OJz :z ŸOUz /Ou Ex [z RDu Cu $y Vq%<w ŸR5u
LSw Cv [yZx Lw LQw :x UFz yLŸL0w (GDv %x 8z Ct (GKv 1x Wz Ct Hz Z:z Jy LDw L0w RL3w ]z Hx
PLQw yL .[uqC (GFv$x Nz Ct Hz (GYv 1x Jz Ct G[yYy Dx LNw qSCy )2Uw (GSv UrCu Hx

L]w Uy (:L$w (GCv [xCz Hx (GUv L$w 8x Cz

$ SUD\HU IRU RQH
V OLYHOLKRRG GTS[WG OU GOW]

(SL]v )DCt LGv ÅCHv (SLGv ÅCr ¨ ·HyqGLx /LSu Wy 1x Qw R)Y[y LGx Ly

PUw L]w L$v LSv $x ]Tz Sy [xWz ( ])S)IQx ( L]w Ty Sy [xWz ( L]z )S)IQx (LGx ,w :u
PL]w 2y C{ Qx (x PL[w<y Nx Q{ OCv [y8x Lw ]L$v /2x Uz O0y ]Tz Sy [xWz ( ])S)IQx
PFy Hy [8y $y ]Sz <x Qz LFvLOw CÅ LSw Nv L[wYx <z OCz Hx /FuyL$x PLZw &yY{ Qx Hx
GJy (]5x Gz GCy Ov 2x Gz /FxyLOx PCw L0w P]y Cy HyOx Gz LFvLOw CÅHx
CÅHx GNy [yDx Ow LZz Ty Ut ONy Hx L<w Nx COz Qx CGv ]x ( GDy Jy [xGy Hx G:y )F7x Gz
PLw Qz :y P:v O1v Jz ]x Lw CÆ:u LSw 0v Iz]x ( ]HuQy Ox CÅHx PL,w Jz Ox ](,Sw UtOz
PFyCy ONy Ox D)K PLUw L5w :x Qz ( PLOw LUw )2Gz RQw GuLGx Cu Hx LFwyL OUz
]y L8w Uy :u )Q0x /Du (+Qw (SUv $x 8z Hx /L]u )N[x$w Qw LFz yL C1v Qz ]x ( FLQw <y
.[vDy Qx ( <y Nx [z$v ¨ ·HyqGLx G<y Cz L0w PLw [zYx Qw LCv Yx )LOx
POy Nx Cy ]Cu PGu Oy R]v )S G<y Cz Hx ([$v 8z Lx /LOu Cv OqN LSv LUv POy )UOx
OUz .Ov :x Gz R)Y[y LJz ŸONy Ox Uz L$w 8x Qz ( /FuyL ]Cu Jz ]v )5 )<Uw $x
K)Q POy )UOx R<v Lw CÅ /Ou 0x Ox Nz Lx C(GHx /Dx Gy Lx ¨ ·HyqGLx
OCu ([L<w Ux Gz ])[)G+x Gz Hx ]):)F7x Gz ])Q:y Sx R<u Cz Hx ZL&w 6z Oz

IK\

LWHT KUQN GTWFG

]HOHETH ]HOW]

RUz Qz Ox LOw *yQz 'z L$w Ex zLHx LSw [xZz PL[wyL LOw Oy Ex Dw ( LFw Ut$z ¨ ·HyqGLx
GUy :y Dx ( D)K P:v Dx ( POy )U LQv Lx O0y POv :y DDy Ov $x )FDx Uy Ox ONz (C
LZw Ox Ju GuLGx Lw Hx FOu Ju Qv )FyL PL]w Qx Qw G*uGz POy )UGy RQw [Kv 5y Cu GDy )K

RQv Cy RFuUv ŸREz $x PNu 2y Uw

$ SUD\HU IRU D WLPH RI GDQJHU O I C FLJGQ GSNT PHZQD GOW]
(SL]v )DCt LGv ÅCHv (SLGv ÅCr ¨ ·HyqGLx /LuSWy 1x Qw R)Y[y LGx Ly

ZJy Yx Lw LGv ÅCHv FTu Ju Gz :LCw LJw [yIx Cu Gy R]y LCv PGy [yDx Cz LGv ÅCr
P<z :LCw DqZUtzL LGv ÅCr Jz $v Ix 2w Gz L$v Ez OUz FZz Ur3u Gz G[y(DEx $w [IyCx Su
H8y Uv Qv )<Ox 6z Gw Hx OCv [y8x Lw )Q:x ]y C[yZy [:u Ct ][uCu Wx <w OLOw 0x
GJy Hy[xOw G[y6y Qw )]CYv )GHx HLCy Sx )8 O0y Qw ( L2w [zCt Gy RDy 1y Qw (
PLUw Ey5x O0y Qw P)L ONy Dx ( P),Gz LSw Ov L6w <z R0v G[y)COx GOy Wv Ct Qv (
O0y OUz OL5w <z GOy )F%x Gz /]x Qy Cv Hx LSw [vYx Sx <w PLTw Qy Jt :LCw Qv ( PLUw [y
LSw )QQy $x CÅHx LWw (E$x CÅ LOw ZL*w Gz Ox (ONx (L CÆ:u L&w Ex Su 0x PLCw $y Gz
¨ ·HyqGLOz FHw&y [$v FzLx Hz L[z[x)YHx LCz Sx )8Hx LSz Kx )8 ]),5w Pq]Tx (
V0z Qw )])C ¨ ·HyqGLx OL6w Gw P)L$x ]Cq*Gz G[yL;w Gz L[vDx &w ]Cu
L]w FyY{ Qx ( LUw Ox Tz ¨ ·HyqGLx [Qz Cq,Hz O(C:y V0z Qw ( HLDy Lx qC O0y
L$w %z 8x Qw LUw :x Lw R[uZu Hx L3w Ew Qy )$ GTu Jr Cu L[w(Y LGv ÅCr LOw LKw Ox Wz Qx (
¨ ·HyqGLx C[v7y Cu O1y G{ Qx LSw Uv :w q< TQy Jy Qv LUw :w qQ LTw (SQx (
PLQw Jt [z C1v Qz ]x Gw ¨ ·HyqGLx C3y Cy Uz :v (yCw LDz Lx qCQv (
PLGw ÅCr G0u Fx Sw Hx [$y :x Sw DOv G<y Cy P(J[z L0w LSw Kv 1x Wz ]x ( LSw Uv L:w )]Hx
·HyqGLx /LSu Wy Ox L$w Ow R)LEx Gu Hx LWw L[vQx Cw R)Y[yOx (LGx Lw GIuDx ]w CÅ

LOw CtqEHx L[w(Y ¨

[QCLH [LCQ LD[ O\ H]Q\S LHOUO GZFY \L[WLH

GID [LCQ LD[ RHN\ GQO RHNQ LN D\JLH LSw Sv Ut [LCw Qv &x CGy Oy Cr

GOOND [QCL PLOG]G [JC\ GOW]DH GSHNH ]JSD PLOG] [QCLH

P\G ][IUD OLUHLH [NISG GOW]G

IL\

LWHT KUQN GTWFG

]HOHETH ]HOW]

O I C FLJGO OC[\L [QH\ [WTQ GJOYGH G[LQ\O GOHET

$Q RPHQ IRU SURWHFWLRQ DQG VXFFHVV

[\L PUHS GLGLH PHL OND [QHO GJOYGH G[LQ\O OEHTQ OHFE [DF
PLQUW
I HS[QCL\ D]N\ LQ \LH MHWGH

(SLOv Uy GSy Sx )0 (SLFvyL G8v UtQz ( (SLOv Uy (SLGv ÅCr LSyqFCt PUz qS LGx LHx

L&z:z OYv $x R)LOx Uu []u Tv $x D:v qL (GSv Sx )0 (SLFvyL G8v UtQz (
LGz ÅCr L]w Fy(YQx ( LTw Jx Qz ¨ ·HyqGLOz [Qz qC RSy )O]x Lw
])(Gz [Du &uQw :(ZyL J5z Qw /Ox L6w zL C(G L0w )$ŸJKz Dx Cu
)<Qw Ct G[yJv qTHx G3yYw GTu Jx <u HLWy Sy0x ]Jz ]z Hx .Oy .Tu yL )][yDx Cu $x
OWu qC$y [Du &uQw PQy )L V(UyL XJv Qv GOy Lx Oy FJz 5z Qw C[yL<w ŸCÅ
GDy Dy [x( VOu Cu /&x 6w Qw Oq5Lw PLw [yGs Yy F(:yL DKu 7u Qw .ÅGtzL
]Qz 1{ :w Hx KL$w ]z /LSu LUv $x Z[z :%yLw CÅ /LOu Cv /Su LQw LQw
<y Qx 8z R)LOx Uu LTw Jx Qz ¨ ·HyqGLx G<y Cz ŸL0w GCu [x]w PLUw :y [x
L0w /Ou Gs Cy $x D[zZx Lw ŸCÅ UEz Su Hx GUy [y /LOu Cv G3u C{ ]x ŸCÅ /Su )UQx
PLw 5z 0z ŸOUz /LNu [y&x ŸONy $x /[xQy :x Ow .1y ŸG(uYz Lx HLNy Cy Ox Qz
.q[Fx <w R]u Wu Hy OJz :z ŸOUz /Ou Ex [z RDu Cu $y Vq%<w ŸR5u /Sx (C9y Lw
UFzyLŸL0w (GDv %x 8z Ct (GKv 1x Wz Ct Hz Z:z Jy LDw L0w RL3w ]z Hx [LWw 0x TqQ[x<w
(GYv 1x Jz Ct G[yYy Dx LNw qSCy )2Uw (GSv UrCu Hx LSw Cv [yZx Lw LQw :x

L]w Uy (:L$w (GCv [xCz Hx (GUv L$w 8x Cz PLQw yL .[uqC (GFv$x Nz Ct Hz

(GFv$x Nz Ct Hz .[uqC PLQw yL (GUv L$w 8x Cz (GCv [xCz Hx L]x Uz (:L$x

LSw Cv [yZx Lw (GSv UrCu Hx )2Uw LNw qSCy G[yYy $x (GYv 1x Jz Ct
[LWw 0x RL3w ]z Hx L0w L$w Z:z Jy (GKv 1x Wz Ct Hz (GDv %x 8z Ct L0w UFz yL LQw :x
/Sx (C9y Lw R5u Vq%<w RDu Cu $y /Ou Ex [z OUz OJz :z R]u Wu Hy .q[Fx <w TqQ[x<w
L0w HLNy Cy Ox Qz G(uYz Lx .1y /[xQy :x Ow ONy $x /LNu [y&x OUz PLw 5z 0z
<y Qx 8z /Su )UQx CÅ G3uC{ ]x /LOu Cv GUy [y UEz SuHx CÅ D[zZx Lw /Ou Gs Cy $x
]Qz 1{ :w Hx PLUw :y [x GCu [x]w L0w G<y Cz ¨ ·HyqGLx LTw Jx Qz R)LOx Uu
/&x 6w Qw VOu Cu GDy Dy [x( /Su LQw LQw /LOu Cv CÅ :%z Lw Z[z /LSu LUv $x KL$w <z

JL\

LWHT KUQN GTWFG

]HOHETH ]HOW]

XJv Qv V(UyL PQy )L [Du &uQw OWu qC$y .ÅGtzL DKu 7u Qw F(:yL PLw [yGs Yy Oq5Lw
HLWy Sy 0x GTu Jx <u G3y Yw G[yJv qTHx )<Qw Ct CÅ C[yL<w FJz 5z Qw GOy Lx Oy

C(G /Ox L6w zL J5z Qw :(ZyL [Du &uQw ])(Gz )][yDx Cu $x .Tu yL .Oy ]Jz ]z Hx
[Qz qC ¨ ·HyqGLOz LTw Jx Qz L]w Fy(YQx ( LGz ÅCr JKz Dx Cu )$ L0w
G8v UtQz ( (SLFvyL (GSv Sx )0 D:v qL []u Tv $x R)LOx Uu OYv $x L&z:z RSy )O]x Lw

LGw LHw PUz qS LSyqFCt (SLGv ÅCr (SLOv Uy G8v UtQz ( (SLFvyL GSy Sx )0 (SLOv Uy

7KH SUD\HU RI WKH 6KHODK G O\G OUD ]OLW]

MOLO HLCYCY OUH HQYU OU OOW]GO RHLT J [UO K[WDH ]U ONO GOW]

ZG G O\ [WTQ PL[\L LN[FD

G<y Cz Hx POy )UGy ]y C[yDy CÆ:u FUz (SLGv ÅCr ¨ ·HyqGLx C(G G<z C{

POy )U FUz Hx POy )UQv ( POy )UGy ]y C[y$y ;u Qw (SLGv ÅCr C(G
.]y (ZOy Cr CUy Fy)Q<x :x Gw Ox RLEw $x /Qx Oy )U ]y C[yDy ( OCv G<y Cz
PSy )[Nx Iw (SL]v )$[z ([Qx Cy :u )Q0x G:y )F7x Gz /]x [y)< ](UYy Qx Cu $x
PGv L0w OCv [y8x Lw OLDw :x Dw ( G[y)< OLDw :x $w ]L:w C[v$x GNy [yDx Ow
PGu Oy <y ]z Sy Hx ])2C{ Gy O0y Qw PGu $y <y [xJz $y [:u Ct /]x Oy Jt Sz Hx /2x Uz

O)F%y Gz /Qx :w Ox P<y Dx [zZv Hx G:y )F7x Gz /]x [y)<

·HyqGLx /2x Qw (SOy C$y G[y)<Gz P(,Zw OUz Hx POy )UGy P(,Zw OU{ Hy

(D[x( ([5x /]x [y)]$x <y Dx ]z 0y PLLw ((Yw LSv :x (SLGv ÅCr ¨

GSy (y0z Gz Hx PNu LSv $x ]Cu P]y qC P<u Fx 2z Ow Hx /]x [y)]$x <y Dx ]z Ny Hx

/Fx )DNx Ow Hx ]Du :u Oy PCw L0w ]y C[yDy (Gq]Ox CÅ L0w ]Jy Cu RGu L<v :x Dw
(SLCv Yy Cr Yu Hx (SJx Sz Ct GuLGx Sw ;u LFv0x ]y qL\w Uy VCz <y [xYz yL ]y C[y$y

/]u [y)] LFvQx )OHx /Qu :x LUv Fx )L OCv [y8x Lw ]L$v /2x Uz O0y LCv Yy Cr Yu Hx

OL5w Cz Hx PLNw Oy 2x Gz LNv Ox Qz .Ou Qu ¨ ·HyqGLx /LOu Cv C)DCy RNw Dy (

L]w 1y Ww <x UQz :x ]w Hx LSw 3v Jy <x :u FUz ])L(O]x /Ox LSz LUv Hx L]w 3y Jw <x
LSv Dx ( PGu LSv Dx ( PGv ($[xLw Hx ([Wx Lw PGv PEz Hx ])SDy ( PLSw $y LOw RLQw Ix Gz Ox
(ZTx Uz zL (S1y 0{ LSw Ct Hz PGv :u ]LOw Nx ]z Ox ])[)&Gz O0y V)T FUz PGu LSv Dx

KL\

LWHT KUQN GTWFG

]HOHETH ]HOW]

Pv,Zz Ox ( ])8UtOz Hx [qQ:x Ow F2v Oz Ox ( FqQOx Ow G:y )F7x Gz /]x [y)]$x
(SLSv LUv [Cv Gy Hx GDy Gt Cz $x /]x [y)< F(QOx ]z L[vDx &w O0y ]Cu
/Qu :x ]Cu GCy [xLw Ox ( GDy Gt Cz Ox /L]u )Yx Qw $x (S$v Ow Z$v FzHx /]u [y)]$x

LQw PLNw ([Dx ( PL0w [{Ct PL,w Jz (S1y N{ Ox R<v RQy Jt [zGy DCy (SLDx Cz

PLQw Jt [z$x PL,w Jz Ox HL[y(YLx [Nv )I PLQw Jt [zGy DCy /)QNy
(O (SLDw Cy PGy [yDx Cz O1v 5z ]x Gw :u )Q0x PL,w Jw Yx Sw PL,w Jz Ox (S[vNx Iy
GNy [yDx Ow PSy )[Nx Iw (SL]v )$[z (:[xWv ( /LSu Wy Ox GuLJx Lw >OCv UQy :x Lw @

/]u Cy [xLw $x

U[zIuHx LUw [xIz CGv ,x :u /LSu Wy 1x Qw RSv Jz Ox ( :7v Dz Ox L]w C$y R0v OUz L0x

U[zIuDx ( LUw [xIzDx ( LDw CYv 2y Lw OCz Hx [:v 0y U[zIu POy )U FUz LUw [xIz
D)KHx ]Qu Cr Hu P)O:y .Cz XQu :u Hy O(T5x P(: POy )U FUz LUw [xIz
L[vCQy G[y)] LOv Ut$z (LGx Lw Hx PFyCy LSv LUv Dx ( PLGw ÅCr LSv LUv $x [:y yLHx
L[vCQy CIy[y L[vCQy F(QOx ]z L[vCQy GSy :x Qw L[vCQy C[yZx Qw
]),Qw ([<x ])FQw L[vCQy PLFw Ty Jt LOv Qx )E L[vCQy GHyYx Qw
R]v Hx ]LSw )YJw GCy [xLw CÅ ]LQw LSw Wx GCy [xLw Dx ( GDy Gt Cz $x /(FDx Uz zLHx
](CL[w$x PGu Oy R]u Hx F)DNy $x '[y)TJx Qz L&v PGu Qv Gy,Hw%x ( Gy,Hw%x ONy Ox
GDy Gt Cz GuLGx Lw Hx FTu Ju Hy RJv Hx LWw qLHx GQy )Z PGu Oy R]u Hx Jz qNHy F)DNy Hx
U[z*uQw PLSw (EGt PLEw ((Iw PGu Oy RLQw Ix ]z Hx PGu LSv L$v P)O:y Hx GHyJx Cz Hx
ONy 0x P]y )Q0x (LGx Lw PEy((Iw PEz Hx PLZw L&w Yz U[z*uQw PLQw Ny Jt LFvLQw Ox <z
RCNy Ox ( RCNy Ox GOu )U FJy Cu R)[0y Iw L0w PGu LOv Ut L<w Ox 1z 5z ]x Gw [:u Ct

LSv (5Yx Qz (OEx Sw /LSu Wy Ox ( ])Q(OUt<z O0y Uz Fv)L ¨ ·HyqGLx G<z C{

:)F7y Gz Hx O)F%yGz /Qx :w RUz Qz Ox G1u Cv ONy $x L]w Sy (yNz L0w L$w Ow
LSw Sv Ut ¨ ·HyqGLx LSw Sv Ut R0v OUz G:y )F7x Gz /]x [y)< RUz Qz Ox (
POy Oy Ex Dw ( DqZUtzLHx ZJy Yx Lw PGy [yDx Cz PL:w )F7x Gz ])DCy Gy [(DUt$z
FHw&y [(DUtDz ( P:y [x:y Ox PLQw )& PLWw Sy UtGy ])LGx Ow PLSw $y Uz L:w )<

/:u Fx Zy Jz ([$x [[v):Qx Gz GDy 0y [x2u $z LUw LDw [x OEu[u /&x Dx Uz

N\

LWHT KUQN GTWFG

]HOHETH ]HOW]

HLNy [yFx $w .Ov qGGz ¨ ·HyqGLx C[vLx O0y L[v:x Cz ])OUt2z Gz [L:x

RWu Eu0x /<x :x Cu .Oy D)KHx /L[u:x Cz ONv Cq] L0w /L5u 0z Uz LEw Lx
/Su Jy Ox :{ Ox DLDw Ty PL]w LIv LOv ]w :x 0w /LSu$y /]u LDv L]v 0x [xzL$x Gy,[wq5
¨ ·HyqGLx /Nx [uDy Lx ¨ ·HyqGLx C[vLx [Du %y .[zqDLx RNv LNw G3v Gw
/LSu Dy Ox PLSw Dy GCv [x( /Lu,Jz LQv Lx Oq0 Pw Oy :y ([Lx D(K$x GCv [x( R),6w Qw

OCv [y8x Lw OUz P)O:y

]CqI LSw Ct Hz Z(T5y Gz (S$y Pz,Z{ Lx G1y Ww <x Uz Qv ): ¨ ·HyqGLx CSz Cz

/LOu Uy [:u Ct LJw ([ ¨ ·HyqGLx [Qz Cy P]y )C L]w L[w$x
L5w Qw ( /Ut[xIz L5w Qw ( /L5w Qw (:(QyL CÅ /LWw $x L<w Qx 8z [:u Ct L[zDy Fx (
R)Y[yOx (LGx Lw POy )U FUz Hx G<y Uz Qv ¨ ·HyqGLx [Qz Cy /Ut[xIz U[zIu

LOw Ct )EHx L[w(Y ¨ ·HyqGLx /LuSWy Ox L$w Ow R)LEx Gu Hx LWw L[vQx Cw

]JC VN [WTD O I C FLJGQ [HJDO RHEG EHHIO GOW]

$ PDQ
V SUD\HU WR ILQG KLV SURSHU VSRXVH
PFyCy ]y C[yDy ( /Qx Oy )U <y [xYz yL /&x Tx Jz $x POy )U O:u )S)$[x

PLSw $y FLOw )GOx ( G;y Cw C9y Ow (S]y L(wYw Hx [IuUv )O ]y L8w Uy Hx
[Jv Cz Ox CÆ:u GNy [yDx Ow PSy )[Nx Iw (SL]v )$[z /LFuDy Ut ([LQw Jr Gu Hx
PLLw (O<x C$y Gz POy )UDy ( G*uGz POy )U$y PFyCy Gy Lv,Jz RUz zLHx )I GHyYx Qw
LOv Ut$z CÅHx CLDw Sy F)U RLCv PL$w [zGy (SL]v )S)UtDz ( G;y Cw $y KUz Qx 0w
RNv Oy /]x HyYx Qw Pv,Zz Ox LFv0x GyL(C[x )ILCv ]Uz FzOy :Fuq7Gz ŸJz ([
LGw LHw RQy Jt [zGy DCy /LSu Wy Ox L]w 3y Jw <x OL5w Gz Ox L]w C$y [$y :x Sw DOv $x
C1v Qz ]x <w :u L]z )DCt LGv ÅCHv LGz ÅCr ¨ ·HyqGLx /LSu Wy 1x Qw R)Y[y
]Oz UtDz ( P;v Gz ]Cz [vLx GCy Sy E(IŸ]$z LOw RLQw Ix ]z Hx LOz Uy PLQw Jt [z
]Jz Oz Yx Q{ ( ONu 8v ]Dz )KHx D)K O*yQz ]Oz UtDz ( ])D)K ])&Qw
G&y[xKw LOw $x :Fuq7Gz ]Fz)DUt FqDUtOz ONz (C GIu$y L0w ]Nu [uqDQx (
'Oy :vLHx GyL(C[x CLGw Hx Gy LOu Uy LOw ([$x FzLx [:u Ct G[yUt3z Gz GyLGy Hx
/LQu Jt [z$x LOw ]Su Eu )GHx D)K O*yQz ( ])D)K ])&Qw ( P;v Gz Ÿ]Cz [xLw

CN\

LWHT KUQN GTWFG

]HOHETH ]HOW]

ONz (C:u RWu qC$x [Dy &yGz [qQEx Ow L$w Ow G+u ]z Hx LOz Uy RqJ<y PL$w [zGy

COv Qy OCv C$y Gz POy )UDy ( G*uGz POy )U$y LOw D)KHx /L]u qHYx Qw Pv,Zz Ox

RHNL GFu)
5 [:y
yL OL6w
Qz .Qv )
< [Qv )
: R(3
Jz P(J
[z PLQw Jt [z

.Qy :x RUz Qz Ox G8v Ut /Qu :x F)D0x [Dz &x OUz LSw [vIx Uy VLQ] \J[ P\D

RUz Qz Ox G8v Ut .]y [y)< RUz Qz Ox G8v Ut .Sy LQw Lx RUz Qz Ox G8v Ut

G<y Cz L0w C]L[C[C P\ RHHNL L]w 1y Ww <x UQz :x ( LSw Sv UtHz LSw 3v Jy .]y ;y F{Zx

(LGx Lw GEHDIC VNHC RHHNL G1y Ww <x Uz Qv ): .([$y G5u O0y ]1z Ww <x Uz Qv ):
LOw CtqEHx L[w(Y ¨ ·HyqGLx /LuSWy Ox L$w Ow R)LEx Gu Hx LWw L[vQx Cw R)Y[yOx

$ SUD\HU IRU RQH
V ZHGGLQJ GD\ RLCH\SG PHLO GOW]

])F)GOx G$y [z GJy Qx 8w $x /LSu Wy Ox C$y LSw L[vGt POy )U O:u )S)$[x

G*uGz RQz *x Oz LSw <z Ux %z Gw Hx LSw <z Qx z,Zw Hx LSw ]z Lw Jr Gu :u OUz /Ox

JQz 8y Hx Gy,Dw [x( Gy,[w5x ]HzYx Qw Pv,Zz Ox LFv0x G;y Cw C9y Ow LSw ]z L0w Iw Hx

LQv Nx Jz /LFuDy Ut LFvLx OUz (S<y Ux Fz)G [:u Ct OUz LFw )D0x OEuy,Hz L$w Ow

LSw L[vGt RNv L0w G3v Gw HL]y )SqHUt )O RLOw Jt )Q G;y Cw C8v )3:u OCv [y8x Lw

/Sx )Y[x FEu Su L]w L8w Uy ;u GQz O0y OUz G[y(Q%x GKy [yJt K[vJy ]x Qw

DOv $x GYu )[ LSw Ct Hz /]u Fy)DUt$z L<w [x6z 7w ;u GQz O0y OUz Hx D)+Gz

/&x Dx Uy Ox ( /LSu Wy Ox GQy Ov :x GDy (:]x $w D(:Oy GYy Wv Jt :Wu Su Dx ( POv :y

])8UtOz GQz ]Fy0x GQy Ov :x GFy)DUt PLQw y,Gz O0y FLQw <y ]Qu Cr $u

LFvNx ( GDy (:<x P:v Ox G[yGs Ky GHvZx Qw $x LWw (% Oq$Kx Ow RNy (Q LSw L[vGt Hz

G[yGs Ky Dx ( G;y F{Zx $w LCw [x)$ ]Cu FqDUtOz G[yGs Ky Hx G;y F{Zx ])SZx Ow

(SL]v )DCt LGv ÅCHv (SLGv ÅCr ¨ ·HyqGLx /LSu Wy 1x Qw R)Y[y LGx LHx

GQz O0y L]w L8w Uy (1Cw 0x LOz Uy GOu Ut]z Hx LOz Uy PJv [z<x :u

])L(C[xGy ])S(y0z Gz ONy $x L<w Sx (z0w (1Cw Nx ( ])8UtOz LOz Uy O+y 2{ ;u

R0v G+y Qz Ox [Qu qJQv X([7y Gy LWw (% [Gv Kz Qx LSw Ct :u P:v 0x ( R(vNz Ox

]Qz Gt I{ ]Cz Qx K{ Hx GCy Ox Ju ELTw O0y Qw L]w Qy :x Sw Hx LJw ([ L:w Wx Sz [Gv Kz <x

OUz Uz L5w :x ]z Hx LSw [vGt Kz L]w C+y Jz Qv ( LSw qHUtQv LSw Tv $x 0z D[uGu L]z )SqHUt

DN\

LWHT KUQN GTWFG

]HOHETH ]HOW]

]Qu Cr $u /&x Dx Uy Ox G[yGs Ky Hx G;y F{Zx UWz :u L]w Qy :x Sw Hx LJw ([ L:w Wx Sz
GQz ]Fy0x G2y <z GFy)DUt GQy Ov :x GFy)DUt PLQw y,Gz O0y FLQw <y
LDz q[Zx $w :&vJz R)NSy Jz ([Hx PLGw ÅCr LOw C[y$x [)GKy DOv ])8UtOz
P:v Ox RNy (Q LSw Ct Hz LSw Nv Qx Tx ]w GDy LFw Sx Jz ([Hx /Uu :x Lw R)\8x LOw GDy L:w Gy
G5y J{ LFvLx OUz G;y Cw J7z Ow 'L<v Sx LNw :x ( C(G .L[w$x C:y Fx Z{ &x Jz Lw
[:u Ct 0z Oq0Gz OCv [y8x Lw Hx G:u qQ ]Fy0x ])N[y$x UDz :u Hx RL:w (&Zw Hx
R:y [x:y $x PL[wDy &x Gz R7v ]z Ox ( (S[vYx )LOx Jz ([ ]Jz Sz ])8UtOz Oq0Oz
G8v UtQz ( (SLOv Uy (SLGv ÅCr LSyqFCt PUz qS LGw LHw R)LOx Uu P)ZQy $x GOy Ux Qz Ox
/LSu Wy 1x Qw R)Y[y LGw LHw (GSv Sx )0 (SLFvyL G8v UtQz ( (SLOv Uy GSy Sx )0 (SLFvyL
G;y Cw Gy ]Cu R<v <w :u (SL]v )DCt LGv ÅCHv (SLGv ÅCr ¨ ·HyqGLx
]Cq*Gz G;y Cw Gy LOw GuLGx ]w Hx GCy Ov Nx ( OJv [y0x L]w L$v OCu GCy $y Gz
PL,w Jz ])S:x ( PLQw yL .[uqCOx CyLOx Uz Qx COy *yQz ( CDy Ky CSy Qy LTw $x
/]u Fy)DUtOz D(K Dq[Hx ])SDy Dx ( PLSw Dy $x FJz zL GJy Qx 8x Sw Hx GOy LEw Sy Hx
(S:v &yZx Qw ]L$v GSu Dx ]w Hx (SOv Cs Ey Ox :LJw ]y Hx [Gv Qz ]x ( /]u Cy [xLw Ox (
UQz ;y Lw L0w G3y [w (SSv ):Ox ( (SWy Z)J8x COv 2y Lw ICy (S<v [xCz Wx ]w Hx
O)Z GJy Qx 8w O)ZHx R)88y O)Z PLw Oz :y ([Lx ])YJ{ Dx ( GFy(GLx L[vUy $x
(SLOv Uy /LQu Jt [z CSy (QGruL PLQw Jt [z COv Qy OCv G1y 0z O)ZHx R]y Jy
Jz 2v 8z ]Qu Cr $u /&x Dx Uy Ox (S$v Ow [Gv Kz Hx /]u Uy (:L$w (S:v Wx Sz J2z 8z
RUz Qz Ox ( PL$w [zGy /LQu Jt [z RUz Qz Ox G8v Ut PLDw (GCt PLUw [v J2z 8z <x
RUz Qz Ox ( /LFuDy Ut DqZUtzLHx ZJy Yx Lw PGy [yDx Cz PL:w )F7x Gz (SL]v )DCt
PLFw LTw Jt Gz Hx PLZw L&w 6z Gz O0y RUz Qz Ox ( FHwFyHx VTv )L Rq[Gt Cz Hx G:u qQ
/Qx :w $x PLJw Kx )$Gz ONy Ox D(K [Ny 8y R]v Hx (SLOv Uy REv <y P]y (NIx
(LGx Lw PLQw Jt [z$x ](NIx $w CÅ PCw PGu 2y Uw (SZv Ox Ju PL8w Hx ]Qu Cr $u
LOw Ct qEHx L[w(Y ¨ ·HyqGLx /LSu Wy Ox L$w Ow R)LEx Gu Hx LWw ŸL[vQx Cw R)Y[yOx

$ SUD\HU IRU D SUHJQDQW ZRPDQ ][DHUQ G\CO GOW]

L]z )DCt LGv ÅCHv LGz ÅCr ¨ ·HyqGLx /LSu Wy 1x Qw R)Y[y LGx Ly

EN\

LWHT KUQN GTWFG

]HOHETH ]HOW]

ONy $x R)CHx Jz q0 LOw R<v ]w Hx VLTw )]Hx L[w($Uw [Uz Yz ]Cu LOz Uy Qv OZv <y :u
[Dy &y P(:$x [$y U{ Gy Jz q0 CÅHx LJw q0 :<z {L CÆ:u [($Uw Gy LQv Lx
G$y [xGz ]Oz Ox Zw Qw ( G(yJz O:u GZy ]x 5w Qw L]w )C OL6w ]z Hx POy )U$y
L0w L<w Fx Ow ]Uv $x LGw LHw PLSw Dy LFw Ox <v DYu Uu $x .Svq[Gv Hx .Sv )D6x Uw G$u [xCz
[LHwCt Oy FOy (yGz CYv vLHx L[zLYw LOz Uy (NWx Gy vL CÅ ]FuOu Oy LQz yL (COx Qx Lw
FOy (yOz CÅHx LOw CÅ Z*vGu P(: LOw $x ](1Zz $x RKy Zy UEz [u$x POy )UGy
P)O:y Ox ( PLDw )K PL,w Jz Ox D)K O*yQz Dx ( GDy )K GUy :y $x FOz )S GuLGx Lw Hx
C[yZx Qw L$w Pz,Z{ LHw F)DNy Hx [:u qUOx FTu Ju Ox ( RJv Ox ](CL[wDx Ow Hx
/LQu yL [5z Tx Qw Ÿ]Cu /Yu [xCz $x G[yZy UtHz GOy 0v :z Qx GuLGx ]w CÅ D(]0y :u
G:y )F7x Gz /]x [y)]Ox ( /]u Fy)DUtOz (GOv &x Ez Sx LOw UtDz ( LSw Ct Hz C1v Qz Ct
CÅHx GJy (SQx ( F)DNy Hx [:u qCHy [:u qUHx P)O:y Ox ( PLDw )K PL,w Jz Ox (
CÅHx PL[wDy Cv $y CÅHx V(%$z CÅ PLZw )*Sw [$y U{ Gy CÅHx LSw Ct CÅ GuLGx Sw
RzLSx $w O0y [Cy :x Dw ( [8y $y Dz ( [)U$y CÅHx PLFw L%w $z CÅHx PLZw [x)U$y
Z*vJz ]x ( V(%Gz OOz Jt Oz X(J CÅHx V(%Gz OOz Jt .)]$x CÅ PFyCy ŸLSv $x
/[u:y Ox LGw <x ](CWx [w [Qz Cr 3u :u )Q0x L]z )QYx Uz Hx LJw ([Hx LJw q0 ]Cu
GSu Ut]z G<y Cz L<w Ox Jy )G ¨ ·HyqGLx /Ox L0w /L]u )QYx Uz Ox L(7:w Hx
LGv ÅC$v GOy LEw Cy GIy)OUx Cu ¨ ·HyqGL$z LSw Ct Hz LGz ÅCr LSyqFCt
L]w [yIx Uu Ox ¨ ·HyqGLx LSw Ov L6w Gz Ox ¨ ·HyqGLx GYv [x LUw :x Lw
L]w L(wZw /]x Uy (:LOw L]w Uy (:<x LSyqFCt L]w [yIx Uu Ox G:y (J G:y (J
LSw Sv UtHz LSw 3v Jy Hx C[yZx Cu LOw )Z ¨ ·HyqGLx UQz :x ¨ ·HyqGLx
P]y Zy Fx Yw Hx P]y (NIx RUz Qz Ox ( PL:w )F7x Gz (SL]v )DCt RUz Qz Ox G8v Ut
PLSw (Q+x Gz [Wy Uy LSv Nx ): O:u PLDw )+Gz PGu L8v UtQz ( P]y [y)< RUz Qz Ox (
P]y )C OL6w ]z Hx PUy [xIz Gu,Jz ]x ( P]y Dy Gt Cz [q0Ix <w POy )UGy ONy Dx ( Gq5
[:u Ct LSw Nv [xDy ]x ( GHuFx Qz ( LOw qJ O0y Qw ( ]Ou 0u :z 2x Qw ( ]Hu2y Qw
L5w Qw /&uDx Uz G:u qQ LFvLx OUz G:y )F7x Gz /]x [y)]$x (S<y Jx Kz Dx Gw
L[wWx ( /Sx Kx Dw L[w5x .[zDv ( /$u [xGw Hx /Nx [zDv ( /Dx Gv Ct Hz [(QCy 0y /Fu)D0x

FN\

LWHT KUQN GTWFG

]HOHETH ]HOW]

]q[<x :x Uz Hx /LWu Oy Ct Ÿ[Ez :x /[uGy Yx Lw Hx /:x q[L]w Hx /Sx Ey &x /]u Qy Fx Cz
.([$y .Oy ]]u Oy /L]u qDCt Oz U$z :x Sw Ÿ[:u Ct GQy FyCt Gy OUz /Su CqY
R0v /<u Qx Gu Dx Dw ( G[yZy UtHz [Zy Uy /Dx GuLGx Lw CÅ PL2w Uz Gy O0y Qw GuLGx <w
.[uqC [(QCy 0y PLQw LUw 3x $z LQz yL .L[wCt ]z Hx (SSv Jy ]x ( LSw Sv Ut]z Hx LSw Nv [xDy ]x

RQv Cy L]w Uy (:L$w (GCv [xCz Hx (GUv L$w 8x Cz PLQw yL

O I C FLJGQ [LCLO RTST [WTQ G[HDLUO
E \FJD G\CG GTSNS\N

$ SUD\HU IRU D ZRPDQ LQ KHU WKLUG PRQWK RI SUHJQDQF\
JYz 3v Gz Hx ][uCu Wx <w Gz Hx G[y(D%x Gz Hx G1y F{%x Gz ¨ ·HyqGLx /Oy

¨ ·HyqGLx /Ox X[uCy Dy ( PLw Qz ;y $z OqN L0w F)GGz Hx
:Cq[Ox OqNOx C9v Sz ]x 2w Gz Hx GNy Oy Qx 2z Gz

C4v 0w LSv Wx Ow O1v 5z ]x Qw LSw Ct G0u Fx Sw Hx [$y :x Sw DOv $x POy )U O:u )S)$[x

L<w Qx 8z OOy 0x LCFz0x LSw LCv :u L<w Ux Fz y,:u PEz Gt Hz /Fu)DNx
/LSu Wy 1x Qw R)Y[y LGw Lx RNv Dx ( G<y Cy P(J[z L0w LSz LUv FEuSuOx /LQu Jt [z
PLQw Jt [z C1v Qz ]x <w :u (SL]v )DCt LGv ÅCHv (SLGv ÅCr ¨ ·HyqGLx
]LSHOW ]D ]LSHOW L<w :x Cw OUz K[yWx Dw ( OCv [y8x Lw /2x Uz ])[$y U{ O0y OUz
Pv,Zz ]x ,w :u /LQu Jt [z RUz Qz Ox G8v UtHz [($Uw Gy [Uz Yz Gy LOu Uy Qv OZv ]y Hx
Oq0Gz Hx HLFyLEw Hx HL[yDy Cv ONy $x GDy )KOx [Qv %y Lw Hx ](CL[wDx $w [$y U{ Gy
/Qx :w $x PL$w [{2x Gz /LQu Jt [z RUz Qz Ox L<w :x Cw OL5w <z CÅHx R7y ]{ Qx
GuLGx <w CÅHx ]FuOu Oy Gy LQu yL (COx Qx Lw Hx F JOC P\ RHHNL :)F7y Gz
R0v Jz LQw Yx ]z Gy LUu ([Iv G3y Ez Nx ( 'Jy Qx Yw CLYw )< X[uCy Ny L0w GOy 0v :z Qx

R)Y[y LGw Lx

GFOG RQID ]FOHLO GOW]

$ SUD\HU IRU D ZRPDQ GXULQJ ODERU

]HC PUW OND RLHNLH MSUL [HQIQ PLQUW [\U PLS\ [QCL [D\QG OU ]D\HL\N
DH]NN H[QCL COC GDZS RH\OO [HQIQG GS\L COH ]HLHG FHZSDH ]HQ\GQ

/Dx %u 8z Lx G[yYy P)L$x ¨ ·HyqGLx /Sx Uz zL FHwFyOx [)QIx Qw J{ 6w S{ Qy O{

GN\

LWHT KUQN GTWFG

]HOHETH ]HOW]

[q0IxLw -y FuUy Tx Lw R),6w Qw ( :Fuq7Qw /[uIx Uu JOz :x Lw DqZUtzL LGv ÅCr P:v
/Du Dy Ox Nw /Ox ŸR<u Lw GOy Tu ŸGSu;x FzLx /]x Oy )UHx /]u qJSx Qw ŸO0y
Oq%Fx Sw (SLGv ÅCr ŸP:v Dx ( /]u Uy (:L$w GSy 3x [zSx C1v Qz Lx /]x Yy UtŸONy Hx
Uz L:w )G L0w L<w Ux Fz yL G<y Uz /L]u )OCt :x Qw ŸO0y ¨ ·HyqGLx C1v Qz Lx
U:z vL ])[D{ Ex $w ):Fx Zy LQv ;x Qw (GSv UtzL )JL:w Qx ¨ ·HyqGLx
¨ ·HyqGLx P:v $x (SJx Sz Ct Hz PLTw (4Dz G1u Cv Hx DNu [uDy G1u Cv )SLQw Lx
FFy)U]x 3w Hz (SQx Zz (SJx Sz Ct Hz (OWy Sy Hx (U[x0y G2y Gv [L0w Ix Sz (SLGv ÅCr

(SCv [xZy ŸP)LDx (SSv UtzL .Ou 2u Gz GUy L:w )G ¨ ·HyqGLx

[QCL MN [JCH

LGv ÅCr (SL]v )DCt LGv ÅCHx (SLGv ÅCr ¨ ·HyqGLx /LuSWy 1x Qw R)Y[y LGx Ly

[)$%w Gz O)F%yGz OCv Gy DqZUtzL LGv ÅCHv ZJy Yx Lw LGv ÅCr PGy [yDx Cz
RUz Qz Ox G8u Ut<z :u ])CDy Yx L&z:z GuLGx Cu [:u Ct GuLGx Cu C[y)3Gz Hx
/L]u )Q:x ( G*uGz [)QIx 2w Gz ];z F{Zx RUz Qz Ox ( PL$w [zGy /LQu Jt [z
P:v C(G:u PLWw ([Yv$x L<w Sx(z0w [:u Ct :Fuq7Gz ])Q:x ( )$ PLWw [yqYQx Gz Hx )$ PLDw (]0x Gz
]Zu Uu )Y [$v :x 2z Gz OUz ]Du :u ),Gz ]LSHOW ]D ]LSHOW OUz PJv [z]x ( D L R$u
G[y)COx GOy Wv Ct Qv 'Cy LYw )< PLQw Jt [z CÅQx OCv Gy LOu Dy Jt $z
PJv [z<x GCy Ov Hx OJv [y GZy Dx [w G[y8y ]):)F7x Gz (SL]v )2Cw ](NIx Dw (
/Ox Gy LSuLUv L0w GNy [yDx Ow G3y FuZx Wx ]w Hx GDy )KOx G3y [u0x Ix ]w Hx Gy LOu Uy
O0y Gy LOu Uy Qv O+v Dz ]x ( '<y [xDw %x FzLŸOCu GJy Wx :w LSv LUv 0x ])L(O<x
[Uz Yz O0y Qw 'Oy L6w ]z Hx RK\ U[Z P\ RHHNL P:v $x ])U[yHx ]):Zy ])[Iv%x
]Nu [uqDQx ( GDy )K GUy :y Dx ( P)O:y Ox ( PLDw )K PL,w Jz Ox FOy (yGz CYv vLHx
<y Ux Qz ;y :u P:v Nx ( OZv Sy $x GyLOx ;w Gz CYv <v .0y [Jz Cz Hx FOy (yOz Hx (S1y
(S]v 1y Ww <x UQz :x <w R0v G*uGz [)QIx2w Gz /LSu Wy Ox O1v 5z ]x Gw ;u LQw
.]y [y)< RUz Qz Ox G8v Ut .Sy LQw Lx RUz Qz Ox G8v Ut .Qy :x RUz Qz Ox G8v Ut
(LGx Lw .]y yL GSu UtzL C(G .2y Cw Ox LSv Uy &x RCQy .]y ;y F{Zx RUz Qz Ox G8v Ut
LOw CtqEHx L[w(Y ¨ ·HyqGLx /LSu Wy Ox L$w Ow R)LEx Gu Hx LWw L[vQx Cw R)Y[yOx

HN\

LWHT KUQN GTWFG

[HDF ]LSU] [FT

[HDF ]LSU] [FT

O ZHYI GLWOC ZJYL [ EG RZL]\ LWN
ZLFY JQYH \FJ [HC H LOCLJLG T[KSHZ HL[WTD

GID PLQUW \O\ HOHN PLOG]G ]C HC[ZLH PLOG]G ]CL[Z PFHZ\ G\ZDG PU PLOLJ]Q
GOQ GSHEG GCL[ZD J S] PLOHU P]HOOND\ PLSH\C[G PL[HQIQ GSHQ\ N JCH GI [JC
OKDO H UZ GLZHTW [WTQ\ >K LZ Z[W@ C]LD CWOCD HSHHNLH GJQ\DH GQLUSDH GOQD
OC[\L ON OUQH HLOUQ ]HOKD]Q ]HWLOZG ON ICH H WY P\D ]C[ZSG GSH\C[G GWLOZG

HNH PLOC LSD
GO HDG K N [HQIQ H[QCL PL[NISG PLSH\C[G PL[HQIQ GSHQ\G P[QHEDH


HNH RHLYQ R]L LQ
[HDLF ]LSU] O\ PLOG]G [JC O\ ]CIG RHY[ LGL JTHS H[QCL MN [JC

(SL]|v )DCt LGv qOCHv (SLG|v qOCr ¨ ·HyqGLx /L|Su Wy 1x Qw R)Y[y LGx Ly

PL:w Sy PL:w Sy Ct OCv [y8x Lw /2x Uz ŸO0y OUz Hx (SLO|v Uy PJv [z<x :u
OUz Hx PL3w Kz Zx ( PLOw )F%x G*uGz :)F7y Gz OGy 7y Gz ŸO0y OUz Hx VKz Hy
Jz ([| :Wu|Su L:v [x:y ŸOCu PLTw Jt zL]x Qw ( PLDw )[Zx PGv :u LQw ŸO0y
PLOw (%Ox Ew $x RL$v GIu O(%Ox Ew $x RL$v (S1|y :u GFyLJw Lx Gy,Jz GQy :y Sx
]Cz L[wZx /L|Su Wy Ox GyL(Y[x( ]Ou $|u Z{ Qx ( GDy (:Jt CGv ]x ( PL[wJv Ct
FEu|Su0x PGv :u PL1w Gw <x Gz L[vWx Tw ]:u Q|v Jt O:u PUz W|z ( PUz 5|z ŸO0y
(SSx |(zNw (1| Cw 0x /L|uSWy Ox PLDw (:Jt (LGx Lw Hx G[y)] L:v Qx J{ G;y Qw Jt
.Ou 2|u Gz FHw&y P[yQy Ct (1| Cw Nx ( R(vNz Ox ])L| (C[xG|y ])S(y0z Gz ŸONy $x
](OOy 0x Jz qN| Dx ( RQv Cy (SLO|v Uy REv<y )](NIx P)O;y Gz HLOy Uy
])SJt Qz J S] FEu|Su0x PLSw (yN{ Qx Gz J S] PLOw )UGy PGu L[v)QIx Qw
:)F7y Gz Ox T1v Zz Ox PL3w Q{ Qx Gz PLZw Jy :x RzLSx Qw 0x PLNw Cy Ox Qz
C(GŸ.([$y :)F7y Gz P]y (NIx Dw ( R
]y Jy ]Jz Qx 8w OUz C(GŸ.([$y
G:y FyJt Gy,[wDx 0w (S1|y N{ GuLGx Sw Hx GQy :x Cz Hx RqHUy ŸO0y Qw (S]|y )C G7u Sz Lx
)O PLOw Jy Qx 3w :u R]y Jy Nx ( LWw q&| P(: '$z ]LOv &x ELTw ŸO0y Qw ]L7v {SQx
OCv LSv Wx Ow PL0w IzHx PL[wDy ( PL,w Zw Sx (S1|y N{ GuLGx Sw R0v HL]y )SqHUtŸO0y
(SLU|v:y Wx ( (SL|SvqHUt (Q| [x|%y P)O:y Hx TJz PCw Hx C(G .([$y R)LOx Uu

IN\

LWHT KUQN GTWFG

[HDF ]LSU] [FT

F)TLx F)G JYz|Sv L:v (DOx ])[)CHx PLSw $y Gz OUz Qv PCv Gy Z1v Tz Ox
GOy Uy Hx G5y Ow 7x Gz TJz Hx GOy LO|w Jy [$z %z ]x Sw Hx (Z1x <z Tx Sw C2|y Cw &x
C2|y Cw &x F)TLx F)G JYz|Sv L:v (DOx $w KOz :y Hx )Q)Z2x Qw GOy Ux Q|z Ox
PUw Hx R LGw Gv $x R LWw Ox Cz $x R LFw )L$x G uLGx Cu LCv (1Qw G:y qO:x PGv :u
J S] [5z Tx Qw Ox PLOw )U P:y [x:y G uLGx Cu G:y qO:x ](OOy 0x
LFvLx OUz G3v Gw
(NHx '<y [xDw %x :[zL]w L0w GJy Wx :w GuIDy (SQx [|zEy Hx
(S1|y 0{ ](OOy Nx $w /L|Su Wy Ox P(SC[y7x :u PL[w)QIx Qw J S]Gz [5z Tx Qw
PLJw )JGz ŸO0y PL]w [x)NHx PLYw L[wUy [LQw Ix PLCw [yZx Sw PGv Hx
C2|y Cw &x F)TLx F)G JYz|Sv L:v (DOx ])[)C ([Ix Jx zL PLYw )7Gz Hx
(F| [x5|y ]x Lw GIuŸLFvLx ŸOUz Hx RL5w Sx Cz [LUv Ix .)< PQy )ZQx $w K;v 5z ]x Gw Ox
[Dy &yGz [qIJt zLHx OLUv Ox PL[w0y Ix 3w Gz PL:w (D1x Gz Qv ])5Ow 7x Gz ŸO0y
G;y F{7x Gz LYv )YLSw ŸO0y (S$x Oz ]x Lw Hx ([|[x$|y ]x Lw Hx R):C[wGy )S]y LCv Ox
TSv 0y Gw Ox ( R)LOx Uu Gy PQy )ZQx Ow ])OUtOz ])5Ow 7x Dz (UQx Kx Sw [:u Ct
(3Cu Zw Lx Hz UO|z $y~ OLw J…z J&ySw (32|u Qw J&zLw CqOHx GQy L|Sw 5x :Fuq7| Gz OCu
([|Nx 4|y Lw PL[w)QIx 2w Gz (1C|v ](NIx Dw ( OC|v (3}:u [wqL| )S‘Kx $w Qw Š H DJ
K[yWx Dw ( (SLO|v Uy PLSw LKw 8x 2z Gz Hx PLEw [xKx Zz Qx Gz ŸO0y ]),5w (Q| ]x 4|y Lw Hx
Jz ([ŸLSv Wx Ow XqQ} 0x (L‘Gx |Lw (SL]|v )SqHUtHz (SL]|v Cq+Jz $x (C[xDx 3w :u (1C|v
D)K XLOw Qx Gz Ox [:u qL| LYv LO|w Qx (FQx Uz zLHx GJ|u )& ¨·…HyqGLx .C~z Ox Qz (
])SJt Qz J S]Gz ](OOy 0x PUw PL[w0y Ix 3w Gz ŸO0y FUz Dx ( (SF|vUt$z
:)F7y Gz :u OLUv Ox PL[w0y Ix 3w Gz PLZw Jy :x PLCw [yZx 3w Gz PLNw Cy Ox 2z Gz
P]y (NIxDw ( PL[w0y Ix 3w Gz ŸO0y OUz Hx (SLO|v Uy PJv [zLx C(GŸ.([$y
]Jz |Sz FLQw <y ])8UtOz OCv Gy (S0|v IzLx PL[w)QIx Qw J S]Gz ](NIx Dw (
CQy Zx Cz Ox ( PLw Q|z :y P:v Ox (LGx Lw (SL8|v UtQz ŸONy Hx HLSy Wy Ox Jz ([|
OCv [y8x Lw ŸONy Dx ( (S$|y Pz,Z{ Lx P]y (NIx Dw ( C[yWx Uz Qv C<y Sx LNw :x
COv Q…y /‘ Sx J|y Ox :{ Š ]Jz}SzHx D(]0y :u C[yZx Qw OLUv Ox PL[w0y Ix3w Gz ŸONy Dx (
P(:Ox JHz[|u$x GDy )K GTy Sy [xWz ( R)IQy ( PJu O|u [Tz Jx uL CqOHx R:u F|y

JN\

LWHT KUQN GTWFG

[HDF ]LSU] [FT

ESuqU| FLQw ]y CYy Qx Sw Hx (32|u Qw FJy Cu P(:Ox CqOHx OCv [y8x ,w Qw FJy Cu
(SLZ|vTy UtHz (SLF|vyL G8v UtQz ŸONy Dx G$y [{Qx GNy [yDx ( GJy Oy Yx Gz Hx [:u qC| Hx
LFv0x Jz LO|w Yx Sz Hx OL0w 8x Sz GSu Wx Sw [:u Ct ŸONy Dx ( (SF|v(2Ow Hx (S]|v [y)]Hx
FLQw ]y GuLGx ]w Hx )Q:x .[z$y ]x Lw )]Fy)DUtOz L(S5y (S$|v Ow GuLGx ,w :u
[($&w Gz ]LSw Ut<z (S1|y GOu UtzLHx CKy Jr Su L<w Ox Dw Ox (SL|Sv 5y ŸOUz )]Cy [xLw
PL1w Gw <x Gz O:u PLQw Uy 5x :qO:y Dx ( G[y)<Dz (S]|v Cy L[wZx ( G*uGz
]$y ;z Qw GOy )FEx GZy Ty Wx Gz ]LSw Ut]z /L|Su Wy Ox (SL|3v Uz ]x Gw (1| Cw 0x
(SLU|v:y Wx ( (SL]|v )SqHUtHz (SL]|v Cq+Jz ŸO0y Ÿ]Cu [5v Nz Ox ]$y :z Ox
OUz (S]|v )LGr P),Qw /L|Su Wy Ox (SUx :|z 5y :u Hx (SLH|wUy :u Hx (SCK|y Jy :u
(S]|v LDv L:v Sx Cz Hx (SL]|v )DCt Hz (SJx |Sz Ct G*uGz P),Gz FUz GQy FyCt Gy
](OOy Nx $w G*uGz :)F7y Gz OGy 7y Gz ŸO0y PUw (SLD|v )[Zx ŸONy Hx
GQy :y Sx Jz ([| :Wu|Su L:v [x;y Qw PGv :u LQw ŸONy Hx OCv [y8x Lw /2x Uz ŸO0y
[)U2y Gz ]L[wDx $w (SQx |Ez5y ;u ŸGQz R0v P%z R7z ]{ LHw (S1|y :u GFyLJw Lx Gy,Jz
RL$v G8u UtQz Dx ( [($Fw $x GDy :y Jt Qz $x [(G[xGw $x U[z [Dy &yŸONy $x
]L[wDx $w (SQx |Ez 5y ;u ŸGQz ŸO0y GIu$y R7z ]{ LHw P)OJt $z RL$v XLZw Gy $x
GQu )&Nz Hx ](SYy LOv Hx G5y {SJt Hz [Zu :|u Hx OqJ O:u [($Fw $x R):1y Gz
G[yIyJt Gz Hx G1y Ww <x Gz ]Uz :x Dw ( ]Tu|Su 0x Gz Ÿ]LDv $x K[yWx Dw (
GIu (SF|v(2Ow ](NIx (SO|y ŸFQy UtzLHx Jz L8|w LOv Ut Jz (1| Qz (SWx K|z 7y ;u ŸGQz (
F)U (SJ|v L&wzLHx (S]|v LTw Lx ODz Ox U[yGy [Yu|v,Gz FEu|Su G&yJz ]LSw Jt Hz D[uJ|u Ox
FLQw <y )]Cy [xLw Hx )]Fy)DUtQv ( (SLG|vqOCr ¨ ·HyqGLx ]qHYx 2w Qw
GNy [yDx Ow PyS)[Nx Iw (SLQ|v Ny Jt ([|Qx C|y :u )Q0x PLQw y,Gz ŸO0y
LFvLx ŸOUz Hx C1y U|vOx Fw C]y ([Uy ]x Cw FLDw Uy C<y ]|z Ox Fw C]y ([Uy ]x Cw
OCv [y8x Lw /2x Uz ](OOy 0x PUw G*uGz P),Gz (S]|v Dy (:]x L[v(G[xGw
G;y F{7x Gz LYv )YLSw ŸO0y ([|[x$|y ]x Lw PGu L]v )D:x )Q ])Q)ZQx ŸONy $x
]L$v Qw GSy LNw ;x Gz ])&Wx Ow G1y C{ %x Gz XZv ¨·HyqGLx (SO|y D[vZy LHw
R)Q[xCz RzLSx Dw $x C[yWx Uz Qv C<y Sx LNw :x CQy Zx Cz Ox ( 'Oz L&w PL[w(TCt

KN\

LWHT KUQN GTWFG

[HDF ]LSU] [FT

(SLQ|v yL$x G[yGv Qx $w GyL(S$x '1y <w ŸOUz PLw O|z :y ([LHw )S)NQx ŸOUz
G1y Jw <x Dz 0x

PGu L]v ),]w )CHx PGu L]v )D]v Hx PLZw (T5x Gz Hx PL[w)QIx 2w Gz ](NIy Dx (

/L]|u )Q:x RUz Q|z Ox ( PGu LQv UtKz Hx PGu L]v )&Z{ Sx (
PLCw Yx ),Gz ])Q;v Gz Hx PGu $y PLDw (]0x Gz PL[w)G+x Gz Hx PL:w )F7x Gz
])D]v LWv (1Jw Hx ])D]v LWv )THx ])D]v L:v C[yQv PGu Qv
(SCK|y Jy :u (SLU|v:y Wx ( (SL]|v )SqHUt (SL]|v Cq+Jz ŸO0y Ÿ]Cu (SO|y Ÿ[5u N|z <x
GQy Ov :x GDy (:]x $w (S[|vLIw Jt Gz Hx /L|Su Wy Ox (SUx :|z 5y :u Hx (SLH|wUy :u Hx
J<z Wx ]w Hx /]|u Cy [xLw Ox ( /| ]x F|y)DUtOz (SN|v L[wFx ]z Hx /L|Su Wy Ox GyL(Y[x(
LOv )JŸONy Ox GQy Ov :x GCy (W[x JOz :x ]w Hx /]|u [y)< F(QOx ]z $x (S$|v Ow
[)[&x PLLw (D:x Ow C[yZx ]w Hx ]LSHOW [D LSHOW GOHJO K[WDH /2|u Uz

Jz )Z| JZz 5x PL[w(TCt Oz Hx

(SL]|v )DCt LGv qOCHv (SLG|v qOCr ¨ ·HyqGLx /L|Su Wy 1x Qw R)Y[y LGx LHx

OUz /LQ|u Jt [z (1q%| Lw Hx /T|u Ut0z ]Cu /LQ|u Jt [z (:$x Nx ,w :u
OUz Qv ( (SLO|v Uy Qv O+v Dz ]x ( PLSw L&w Gz (Z<x Qz ]x Lw Hx /L]|u )&Qw
]):Zy ])[Iv%x ŸO0y ]LSHOW )I [LUw $x PLDw :x ),Gz OCv [y8x Lw ŸO0y
[qIEx ]w Hx R K\ U [Z P\D RLHNL (S|Sv L&w [Iz%x Uz q[| U[zZx ]w Hx ])U[yHx
(SLD|v Lx )CŸO0y ]Cu OL5w :x ]z Hx Uz L|Sw Nx ]z Hx ])D)K ])[Iv%x (SLO|v Uy
P\D RLHNL FJz WzŽ Hy —G]y Q‰y LCv P„Gu LOv Ut Oq5‰ <w (S]|v Uy [y L:v Zx Dz Qx ŸONy Hx
.Ou 2|u Gz DOv $x R<v ]w Hx RDu Cy 0y (Q… &x Lw /~ Ut)[|Ix OqF}Ex $w H CU]
OCv [y8x Lw ]Dz )KOx ( ]Cq*Gz [LUw Gy D(;Lw Ox GSy )NSx GYy Uv PL[w9y Gz Hx
G*y$w Qw ( LDw ;x Qw ( [)Y2y Qw ( GQy Jy Ox 2w Qw (SO|v L6w ]z Hx X[uC|y Gy KqZ:x ]w Hx
)I [LUw $x [Du :|u Hy F): UQz ;y Lw CqOHx FJz 5|z ŸO0y Qw ( FTv Wx Gu ŸO0y Qw (
P\D RLHNL HL|Sy 5y Qw HLCy‘ Sx 8z Qx Š (T(S}yLHx HLDy Lx )C| (Y(W… yL PLG|w qOCr~ P(Z… yL
L[v)QIx Qw Jz qN| Dx ( (S]|y )C R)J<y P3y Jw ]Sz <x Qz [Yz )CQv ( P QHCLCL
(SO|v L6w ]z Hx (SLO|v Uy PJv [z<x PGu L]v )F)THx /L|Su Wy Ox (SC[|y7y :u PL1w Gw ]x

O\

LWHT KUQN GTWFG

[HDF ]LSU] [FT

(SLD|v Lx )C ]Yz Ut [Wv Gy Hx FTv Wx Gu ŸO0y Qw ( FJz 5|z ŸO0y Qw ( U[zŸO0y Qw
(SLD|v Lx )C Gy,:w (< PGu LFvLx GSy L8|u Ut]z CqOHx P]y )D:x Jx Qz OZv Ox Zz Hx
RUz Q|z Ox G8v Ut PLQw Jt [z COv Qy OCv PJv [z]x (SLO|v Uy Hx ]:u qD| (:$x Ox Lw
PL[w)QIx Qw [Qz Cy :u P)O;y Gz HLOy Uy .Ou 2|u Gz FHw&y ](NIx Dw ( /LQ|u Jt [z
PLDw ;y {LQx GuLGx Sw Hx GZy (YHx G[yYy ŸO0y Qw (SO|v L6w <z /L|Su Wy Ox (1C|v
L[vDx )UHx PLNw [yFx LNv Ox )GŸONy Ox ( /]|u Fy)DUtOz PL3w Sz Ct :z Hx PLKw Zv :x
POv L6w <z OCv [y8x Lw /2x Uz Qv >PLTw )KQx LUv Tx )SHx@ ])[Gy Sx ( PL2w zL
PLDw )K PL,w Jz Ox PYy Wx Ju I)JQx Ow PUv L%w ]z Hx ZIu|Su Hy [Uz Y|z ŸO0y Qw
CQy y,Zz O:u U[z|Iu$x PLSw Dy LNv (8Jt ŸONy Ox FqZWx ]w Hx P)O:y Ox (
OCv [y8x Lw Ÿ]L$v /2x Uz O:u ])[$y U{ Qx ( /]|u Cy [xLw Ox ( /| ]x F|y)DUtOz
[$v :x 2z Gz OUz ])D:x ),Gz Hx RGu L]v )FOx Hz GSy Ox 5|v ]z Cq1:u ROv L6w <z
PLDw )K PL,w Jz Ox GSy Fx O|z ]v Hx G[yYy ŸO0y Qw ROv L6w <z PL$w [zGy /LQ|u Jt [z$x
OCz Hx RGu L&v&zQw DOy Jy [Tz Jx uL Cq1:u Uz L5|w :x <z ])ZLSw L2v Gz ŸOCu Hx
LFvOx zLŸONy $x RL:w L$w RLUw [xQz ( RLUw Ey 5x ŸONy Hx RLFw :v Hx G[y0y Tx Cz (O:x Qx Lw
POv L6w ]z Hx 'Qy :x Ow G[y)< FqQOx Ow POv &x Ez ]x ( OCv [y8x Lw Ÿ]L$v /2x Uz
DOv G+u ]z Hx U[yGy [Yu|v,Qw ( RKy 9y Qw ( GWy %v2z Qw ( [Du &|uQw ( U[yGy RLw U|z Qv
])D)K ])[Iv%x (SLO|v Uy [qIEx ]w Hx GDy )KOx (SLO|v Uy ](NOx 2z Gz
(S]|v Ty Sy [x5z RNv Gy Hx (SLF|vyL G8v UtQz ŸONy $x GJy Oy Yx Gz Hx GNy [y$x JOz :x ]w Hx
GIuOy GIu OCv [y8x Lw /2x Uz (N| [xK|y Yx Lw CqOHx GCy Ov 2x Gz Hx GD|y Jy [xG|y /Fx |,yQw
)]Ty Sy [xWz L&v :LCw Hy :LCw ŸONy Ox R]v Hx [Jv Cz PUz Ox CqOHx
(SO|v Cs Ey Ox :LJw ]y Hx [Gv Qz ]x ( '[y)TJx Qz L&v Gy,HwEx ( Gy,Hw%x ŸONy Ox (
](NIx Dw ( (S<|v [xCz Wx ]w Hx (S:|v &yZx Qw ]L$v GSu Dx ]w Hx /Q|u :x RUz Q|z Ox
)Q0x .]y [y)]$x ])D(]0x Gz PLQw Jt [z O:u /L]|u )&Qw G[v8x Uu :qO:x
R(3 Jz Hx P(J~ [z O}Cv ¨·HyŽqGLx KUQ ZLTWL _ ¨·…HyqGLx [Qz Cr u3:u
RqHƒUy C}8v qS PLWŽw Oy Ct O|y —FTu Ju‰ [}Yv qS ]Q|u Cr H|u FTu}Ju ŸD[zHx PLw 5~z Cz .[uC}u
D(]0y PLCw LDw 3x Gz /LF|uDy Ut LFvLx ŸOUz Hx G— 7v Sz Hx GCy +y Jz Hx U:z ~Wu Hy

CO\

LWHT KUQN GTWFG

[HDF ]LSU] [FT

]L[~wCv :x Ow U:z 5uŽ ŸOUz […Dv qUHx —RqHUy C„8v qS /)Q‘ 0y OC…v ŸLQw [qQCOv
D(:… yL C(G| FTu ~Ju X}Wv Jy ŸL0|w )5Ž Cz —FUz Oy ZL„Iw Jr Gu ŸCqO| )] Oy Jt|Sz
P~yL ])O} Y{ Qx $w .LƒOw :x ]z Hx (SL]v qSqH|Ut :q$~ Nx Lw (SQvŽ Jt [|zLx
PGy [yDx Cz Ox FTu ~Ju DqZŽ Ut|LzOx —]Qu Cr R<„v <w P]|y HCq+Jz ŸO0y
C ]L[C[C ]HQ\D RLHNL PFuZ|u LQv LQ}w (SL]~v qDCt O|z <y Ux }$z :x Sw Ÿ[:u Ct
_ (S[„vIx Uy /L|Su Wy 1x Qw PZy L[v ])[Ix )J RSy LCv :u ] LY H Z\ W LQ] \ J[
[}5v Nz Hx (S}Ov L6w Gz Hx /Qu :x ŸF)D| 0x [}Dz &x ŸOU|z (SUv‘ :x Lw L„GvqOŒCr
Uz Q|v ): G<y Cz L0w (S]|v 1y Ww <x UQz :x ( /Q|u :x RUz Q…z Ox (SL]v‘ Cq+JzŠ ŸOUz
RLHNL G1y Ww <x Uz Q|v ): .([$y G EHDIC P\D RLHNL G5u ŸO0y ]1z Ww <x

RQ|v Cy Hx _ R}Qv CŒy POy‘ )UOx ¨·}HyqGLx .([~$y X NHC P\D

[QEDH GJSQ PLOOW]QH GJSQ PFHZ GZFY HS]LH CQO\ CGL \LFZ PL[QHC RLSQ \L PC
GSHL HSD[O D\G ]OLW]H PLWC ]OLWSH LHFLH PL[QHC ¡ GSLJ] HD \L\ PHLD ¡ G[IJG

JTHSG GID

]CqINy Hx ]CqINy Hx L<w Ux :|z 5y L]w LH|wUy L]w CK|y Jy ¨ ·HyqGLx C}3z C}z

GQy FyCt Gy ŸOUz L]w )LGr P),Qw >HLCKJ K[WLH@ L]w L8|w Uy
D(:Oy LJw ([ L]w )C GD|y Fx |SyHx L$w Ow LSw Ct 8y Sx G<y Uz Hx G*uGz P),Gz ŸFUz
LFwqCQx ( L:w Wx Sz Hx L$w Ow ŸONy $x POv :y DDy Ov Dx ( ]Qu Cr $u /LO|u Cv
])8UtOz Hx LUz :y 5x ŸO0y LOz Uy Qv .LOw :x Gz Ox ( DvI)UHx GFu)Q ])LGx Ow Hx
/]|u Cy [xLw $x IL[wIyHx [LGw Iy ])LGx Ow Hx G:y FyJt Jz ([|Hx :FyJy DOv LOw
Uz|v,Tz Qx ( GDy (:]x $w FyL Jz ]|v )5Gz LGz qOCr ¨ ·HyqGLx G<y Cz Hx
/L|Su Wy Ox GQy Ov :x GDy (:]x $w LSw O|v $x Zz Hx /| Fx |Ly J]z 5x [Gv +z Ow PLCw $y Oz
L$w PJy Ox 3w Gz RKy 9y Gz FEu|Su LSw [|vIxUy Hx /]|u Cy [xLw $x Z*vJz ]x Gw Ox LSw U|v,x Tz Hx
L$w ŸO:y Qx Lw L<w Ox Dw Ox LSw ]|v LQw Gt Oz L:w Wx Sz :7v Dz Qx ( ])O($Jx ]z $x
(GN|v LOw :x ]z Hx L$w :u PLFw LEw G Ty :y Hx PL[wDy Cv J Qy [yQv (GZ|vLJw [x]z Hx
LSw Kx 8w Ox LSw LQw Lx ŸOUz FqQUtzL L<w Ox Dw Ox )$ [Uz Ex ]w Hx PyL ])O(YQx $w
RDu C|u Gy DOv ]Cu ]|y )[LTw Gt Hz /L7|uJ{ $x .Ov Cv [:u Ct ]Cv ]y L8|w Uy Hx

DO\

LWHT KUQN GTWFG

[HDF ]LSU] [FT

UQz :x LGz qOCr ¨ ·HyqGLx C|3y C|y [8y $y DOv LOw <|y ]z Sy Hx L$w [x7w Qw
OCz Hx L]w Dy (:<x O$v Zz Hx HLSy(SJt <z ŸOCu Hx /&x Dx Uz ]1z Ww <x ŸOCu
(LGx Lw Hx L]w Dy (:]x ( L]w 1y Ww <x Ÿ]Cu RqHUy Hx CKx Jv P(: /L|Su Wy Ox D0v Uz Lx
TLSw Nx Gz Ox LFw Ut$z XLOw Gy Ox [:u qL| LYv LO|w Qx /F|u)DNx C4v Nw LSv Wx Ow
LOw RLCv PLQw (YUtGy Hx PL$w [zGy LCz Ky Jt $z PCw Hx /L|SuWy Ox L]w 1y Ww <x
O$v Zz Hx /F|u)DNx C4v 0w ]Jz <|z Qw G<y Cz LOw Ÿ[]y Jt [:u qL| XLOw Qv
G1y Ww <x Uz Q|v ): G<y Cz L0w /L|Su Wy 1x Qw PZy L[v D(:Cy CqOHx L]w Dy (:<x

P[QCD ONLG L[U\ JH]WO HEGSH@ CL[HELSTG ]OLW] H[QCL ODZ]] \LFZ PFHZ MN [JCH
GJTHS GIH >HI GOLW]

(SL]|v )DCt LGv qOCHv (SLG|v qOCr ¨ ·HyqGLx /L|Su Wy 1x Qw R)Y[y LGx Ly

](NIx Dw ( .Qy :x RUz Q|z Ox GDy )KOx ])C (S2|y Uw G8u Ut<z :u
PL1w Gw ]x L[v)QIx Qw ( /L|Su Wy Ox (SFx Q|z 1y :u G:y )F7x Gz G[y)<Gz
PLJw )JGz ŸO0y PL]w L[wNx Qz ( PLYw L[wUy [LQw Ix PLCw [yZx 3w :u
GSy )LOx Uu Gy G3y :z );Gz ]Cu PLDw Dx )4Gz PLYw )7Gz ŸONy Hx
PL:w )F7x Gz (SL]|v )DCt ](NIx OCv [y8x Lw /2x Uz ŸONy Ox ( (SO|y Ÿ[0y Ix <w :u
G:u qQ DqZUtzL ZJy Yx Lw PGy [yDx Cz ]L[wDx L]v [x)N GUy Dx :w ](NIx (
TJy Sx Ww ( /L|Su Wy Ox (1C|v PL[w)QIx Qw [Qz Cy :u FHwFyHx VTv )L Rq[Gt Cz
/Sx )Y[x L8v )UŸO0y ](NIx ( PLFw LTw Jt Gz Hx PLZw L&w 6z Gz ŸONy Hx GqQqO:x (
C1v Qz ]x ( G<y U|y FUz Hx X[uC|y Gy OUz PFyCy PLGw qOCr Cq[$x P),Qw
(SD|v Dy Ox L[v]x LQv LZv Qx Uw Qv ]CYv ),Gz ]CqI (S]|v 3y Jw ]x ( (S]|v :y 7y Dz
COv Qy V(ESy V(% (S]|v (OWx :w Hx (S0|v [xUu K(UQw (SQ|v Yx Uz Dx (SUx F|z yLHx
"C[y)SHx O)F%y .Ou Q|u /L|Su Wy Ox FqQUtSz PLSw Wy GIuLC|v Dx ( V(TWx Tz Ct
PCw Hx C(G G~Oy Nx qC| :C}v /LGuŽ qOCr ¨·…HyqGLx L0w† D(]0y :u )Q0x
R0v :u ŸO0y :7v Dz Ox PLLw (C[x (SJx |Sz Ct RLCv (SQ|v Yx Uz ŸOUz
PZy L[v (SD|v L:w ]x CqO L0w (SJx K|z Dy /&x Tx Jz $x PSyQx Cy PL[wJv Ct ŸOUz
LSw‘Uy ](S•Ur X7z :w CqO‡ Hx GIy‰ Dy ŸCqO| L„0w D(]0y 0z /L|Su Wy 1x Qw

EO\

LWHT KUQN GTWFG

[HDF ]LSU] [FT

·|HyqGLx ~ D)[…Zy Uz Q|v :y HL…Oy Cv )U~ (x:z Dx (| (32u Qw HL…Sy 5y [L<…w Tx Gw ŸCqO| Hx
Uz Q…v q:ŸL0|w ]Q|u Cr D|u (G…C{ [yZx Lw [:~u Ct OqN„ Ox HLCy [xqZ| ŸONy Ox ¨
G|IyDy CqO… HL[‘yLTw Ct ŸŠ ]Cu Hx ¨ ·HyqGLx PL…Sw )LDx Cu ŸOCu

PU|vL:w )L| Hx UQz‘ :x LwŠ P]}y Uy Hx:z Ÿ]Cu H|x

PLSw :y ])CQv G2u Nz GIu OCv [y8x Lw Ÿ]L$v /2x Uz ¨·HyqGLx C}3z C}z

PLWw &y[xSw Hx X[uC|y Gy ])WSx 0z U$|z [xCz $x PL[w*yW{ Qx PGv :u
Gv,Cz P[yQx Cy $x P]y )C PLWw &x Ez Qx ( PLW|w [xJ|y Qx ( R):Oy Hx G2y C{ ŸO0y Qw
PGu LOv Ut OqQJt Hz T(JHx GCv [x( CSy ŸK$u Gz "PNu LGvqOCr CSy
];z F{Zx OUz PQy Yx Uz PL[wTx )Q FLQw <y PGv .LCv GCv [x( /]|u Oy Qx Ju $x
PLLw (3Uw Hx ])WLFw [x( ])LO{ Ey Hx PLCw Oy Js PLOw Dx )T /Q|u :x
PGv :u [(DUt Z[zHx .Cz ])3:{ Qx ])]LQw LSv LQw G2|y Nz Hx PLDw )CNx Qz (
CYv 2y Gw PCw PSy Qx Cy VCz Hx /L]|u qHYx Qw PL8w )UHx /Qx :w PLFw Jt zLQx
[)C8x ]$z Tw Hx ]Qz Jt Qv GIu /L|Su Wy Ox PLCw Kx )J P)O:y Hx TJz CYv 2y Lw
/]x )[Qx Gz Ox CqO .Cz P$y [xZw Dx ]y C[y$y :u U[yGy [Yu|v,Gz G4y Uw $y :u
OUz PLK|w [xJ|y ]x Qw PGv Fy,Qw ( VNu <|v ]CqIŸONy Dx ( PLSw (x0z ]x Qw PGv
PL:w Zx Dz Qx ( /L|Su Wy Ox GQy Ov :x GDy (:]x $w PL&w Hz]x Qw ( CKx Jv )])C
COv Qy )SLCv :u OCv [y8x Lw $x ZL[v /Ox RLCv Hx /]|u Jy LOw Tx ( /L|Su 5y ]Cu
POy )UGy ŸO0y ]Cu Hx )QYx Uz ]Cu Uz L[|wNx Qz GIu$y [:u Ct R)2[w0y ]qHYx Qw
)SLCv :u OCv [y8x Lw $x O)F%y RyL[xDz Ut /Ox RLCv Hx ](NIx VNz Ox )10{
G]y LQw Ox )QYx Uz [Tv )Q( /Qx :w ];z F{Zx OUz ):Wx Sz DL[wZx Qz
GOy (Z:x ]Cq*Gz GHyYx 2w Gz [:u Ct OCv [y8x Lw Ÿ]L$v /2x Uz ]Oz 6y Gz Ox
/:|u Fx Zy Jz ([|$x GNy [yDx Ow PSy )[Nx Iw P[yQx Cy 0x '1y 0{ G[y)<Gz ŸONy 0x
COv Qy POy )U Pv,Zw (1| Cw 0x OCv [y8x ,w Qw ]Jz Cz :Wu|Su Pv,Zz Qx Gz ŸO0y
OUz ][u5|u Nz Qx CLGw Hx )FUt$z D)K XLOw Qx Gz Ox GOy )NLx CLGw Hx

HL]y )SqHUtŸO0y

FO\

LWHT KUQN GTWFG

[HDF ]LSU] [FT

GFyUv /Ox :vL PCw Gz ])2C{ Gy ŸONy $x CSy ŸK$u Gz RQy Jt [z DCy CSz

])2C{ Gy [Cy :x "OCv [y8x Lw /2x Uz 0x GQy Ov :x ( GSy Qy Cr Su
P]y (NOx Qz Dx ( P]y Qy Fx Cz OUz PLDw ;y {LQx P1y 0{ PGv :u L5w ŸOUz ŸVCz
HLGyqOCDv ( )0Ox Qz $x O1v Zw Hx V6z Zz ]x Gw Hx DUz [xLw LNw GyLGy Hx ]CqIŸONy $x
OCv [y8x Lw Ÿ]L$v /2x Uz ODy Ct )]Sy (QCr $u VLOw Jr Gu Hx GOy Ux Q|z Ox GySWy (
PLFw Dy Ut0z PL2w Uz Gy RL$v J&ySw Hx GOu )% GSy :y PLw 5|z Ox Cz 0x GIu
PL[wIy PLSw )FCt OqU ]Jz <|z PL[w8y Hx .Ou Q|u LOw $x ])JWy :x (
OUz PLEw [yGr Su Hx /Qx :w Dx ( /$x PLSw LQw Ct Qz ]CqIŸONy Dx ( PL[wIyNx Cz Hx
]Cu GJy Qx 8w Dx ( GDy Gt Cz $x PLQw ,x Zz Qx ( /]|u [y)]Hx /Fx (JLw
LFvNx $w P<y Ox Ny Lx LWw 0x Qw []v )LHx D[z VTu N|u $x (1| Ww Ct Hz /L]|u qHYx Qw ŸO0y
PLFw )Q PGu 2y Uw /L]|u )&Qw ŸONy Dx ( /L|SuWy Ox Jz ([| ]Jz |Sz ])8UtOz
/]|u Uy (:]x Ow PLOw Jt zLQx ( /L|Su L&w PGu LOv Ut PLZw L&w Yx Qz ( /Q|u :x Ow
CQyyLZx R(3Cw OCv [y8x Lw ODy Ct :)F7y Gz [Gz q*| $z C]y LCw Fx Nw Hx
RLEw Dx ( '$v RL:w LJw Nx Qz COy Hx G&yQw LCGz $x C(GŸ.L[w$x C:y Fx Z{ Fx
L~Sw Uy PU}zŸ]Cu Hx DL]w Nx Fw C(G CFy G|y R(Z| [x5|y ]x Lw CFy G&yQw $x C&y

L(3Uw Fx CSy :x Ow LSw Uy Hx Uz L:w )<

L]z Qy FUz "OCv [y8x Lw /2x Uz Qv ZJv [z]x Qw G<y Cz L]z Qy FUz RNw Dy (

]L[w$x PGu Oy [q0Ix ]w CqO L]z Qy FUz "/]|u 1y E{Tx ]FzUt JSz Ix <w
G<y Cz L]z Qy FUz "/(D| Gv Ct [:u Ct PGu L]v )DCt ]L[w$x PLSw ):C[w
L]z Qy FUz ".(W;y Gz /LF|uDy Ut P&z ]Qz Zx Sw ]Cu PqZSx ]w CqOHx :L[wJt ]z
T(J]y CqOHx PLw )%Gz RL$v O1y J{ Qx Gz PL$w [z$y /Qx :w :&vZz ]x CqO
]Uv $x [:u Ct /]|u Qy (J[x( /| ]x D|y (GCt OCv [y8x Lw Ÿ]Tu|Su 0x OUz /Sx LUv
Zq[Wx <w :u '1y <y Ux $|z :x Sw /LQ|u (J[x LSv $x /L|Su $y PUw '<y Jx 1z ;w :u
GCy Qy )C$x C]y LCw Fx 0w ](O%yGz RQw OCv [y8x Lw /2x Uz ]Cu Hx ']y )C
L5w Jx ]z Hx R)O Zq$:x ]w COy Hx (GLx F|zGt $z .Gz ]x &w L]w FyLJw Lx L<w [z$x .Oy Ut
R(F$x Cz ]x Lw COy PCw Hx CQ|y Ox Uz &x RL[wKx Tw U$|z [xCz $x (GLx O|z Ut

GO\

LWHT KUQN GTWFG

[HDF ]LSU] [FT

[]z $y .Gz LCv COy CQ|y Ox Uz Fx L[vCQy '1v G[yQx C|y CQ|y Ox Uz Qv
]CQy Jy LGw Cr R)O ]LOw L&vEz Hx R)O ]LSw L7v ]z Hx R)O ]L$w [z&x
LQv )C RLFv0x "R2y <z CSy O|z L:v Sx ]w Hx R)O LOv Nx Cz &x R)GLCv Sx 8z Ox
OCv [y8x Lw Ox R)O Z[zWx Qw Ox ( 'Oz CQy Zx Cz Ox 'Oz C(GŸ.L[w$x C:y Fx Z{
·H‘yqGLx [Q…z Cy _ Gq0… [Qv Cy <x Cz Fx GQy 0x C]y (O%y Qw R)O CZy 5y Cz Ox (
[„Ny 8y :vL‰ ’L0w GUyQx &w Qw .wL~SzLUv Hx LNw $uŽ Qw —.Ov )Z LU„w Sx Qw ¨
G}HyZx <w Ÿ:vLHx D|vL)C X[uC}u Qv (D~:y Hx ¨·HyŽqGLx ŸPC{ Sx —.]v 1y U{ Wx Ow
C&y OUz Hx PO|y (DEx Ow PL~Sw Dy (D}:y Hx ¨·HyqGLx ŸPC{ Sx .]~v L[wJt C|z Ox
OCv [y8x Lw .2y Uz Ox ( 'Oz [LNw &y <x Sx Cz ]LOv G2y O|y Hx '2v 7z Qw ]Zz Wy Sx
P<u Cz PLSw $y OCv [y8x Lw L[wqNDx LSw $x P]y )C ]y C[|yZy [:u Ct
OUz DCy PJv [z0x PQv Jt [z]x CqO G2y O|y " PNu LGv qOCr ¨·HyqGLOz
RUz Q|z Ox G8v Ut PSy UtQz Ox CqO PCw Hx "PGu LOv Ut /Qx :w :&vZz ]x ( PLSw $y
/| ]x |Sy LNw :x RUz Q|z Ox G8v Ut CqO PCw Hx P$y [xZw $x G[y(Q;x Gz /| ]x [|y)<

[Yy‘ )O… _ P]…y [yYy ŸONy $|x DL]w Nx Fw 0x PGu 2y Uw ]Ou D|u )4Gz

PGu LOv Ut ](NIx ]Fu 2|u Oz Qx ( G[yQy $x ]Zu U|u)Y /*x U{ ]S{ LNx :y

RLSw Dx G2|y Nz [LNw Fy LHvGr LOw Ux $z LOw Ux $z '[yQx Cy $x
FHwFy&x 'Qv )L0x C[yFyHx C[y&yŸONy $x .2y Zz CSy Qx LC|w Zy RL:w L&w Zz
".2y Zz LFvDx Uz &x RCDy Ky G2|y 0z [LNw &y <x Sx Cz ]LOv '[v$x GqQqO:x (
]LOv .Oy Ut CSy LUv $y "RHyNx Iz [0z Fx ]w COy Hx RLDw )J [0z Fx Qw Ox .Oy ]LCw
L0w FDu U|u GCv [x( K$v Gz R(3Cw ]LOv LCSz $x OUz CSy LUv $y <x Sx Cz
[Uv Kz Yx Qw PFyCy :u Nx ( '<y [xDw %x :[zL]w L0w GJy Wx :w Hx .)OQx Lw
LUw )[*x Qw LSw 1|z Zz L:w Cq[Qv LSw 1|z Zz "][uQ|u )C R):1y Gz GQy GSy LNw ;x Gz
G*uQw O)F%y [Uz Y|z /Ox :vL PCw Gz PSy LCv Hx LSw (C| Yy Lx LSz Dy L0w LOw L)C
Gy (O| 1x Jw PLw )%Gz ŸONy Hx [Wy Uy Gu FUz ]Du N|u ): /*x U{ ]Sz LNw :x [:u Ct
/| ]x Q|y Ct ]([ LNw qSCy /L|Su Wy Ox ]uS|3uJz ]x Qw ( ]Ou 1|u 5z ]x Qw CLGw Hx
C(G G[y)< RLFw Hx POy )U$y :u EGz qS| $x "/]|u Qy Ct OUz /LW|u Sy Nx <|y 8x [zWy (

HO\

LWHT KUQN GTWFG

[HDF ]LSU] [FT

'Qy )ZQx Ow '[yLIw Jt Gz Ox ( ']y )&Wx Ow 'Oy Ux $z Dy,Jz ]L$v :x 3w :u G;y Cw
GCu )[Hx Z5v Cz ]x Qw ( :L[wJt Qz G<y Cz Hx "/]|u Qy Ct Oz Gq0 G8u Ut]z G2y O|y Hx
](F5x Gz ]Dz )J ]Ou +|u Q{ /LO|u Uy :u ]Uv $x Z]v ):Hx '[yUx Yz $x
(ZOy [Dy Nx L0w ](O%y Dz GO|y Wx |Sy P]y Cq+Jz $x [Qz Cq< OCz Hx RZy [x5{ Gz Hx
PLZw L&w Yz P1y 0{ G<y Uz RGv Hx PLw O|z Wx 0w OWu N|u Dx ( P]y Cq+Jz ŸOUz UDz :|u

/Q|u :x ];z F{Zx OUz PLEw [yGr Su Hx PLFw LTw Jt Hz

'Qv :x HCOy C]y LSw )[Kx Qz COy Dx C0y Ox Qz POy )U O:u )S)$[x

GIyIy CqO POy )U2v :u LDw [yUt2z Gz O]u q0| $z (1| Ww Ct Hz C0y Ox Qz
FqQUt<z X(J$z ]uS|3uZz Qx P:y CLGw CqOGt (32|u Qw GSy LNw :x
PLSw Wx $w Qw ]Du :|u )L CLGw '<y [xDw %x :[zL]w L0w C:y LDw GJy Wx :w Hx
OUz /Sx LUv T(J]y CqO G2y O|y Hx "G*uQw O)F%y R)$Ox Uu /Ox :vL PCw Gz
FHw&y ]0z T{ Ÿ]Cu PLZw ]y Hx C[yWx Uz Qv C<y Sx LNw :x Zq[Wx ]w Hx /| ]x Q|y Ct
.Qy :x RUz Q|z Ox G8v Ut 'Sy UtQz Ox G8u )U G<y Cz LCv PCw Hx "]Ou W|u )3Gz
)QNx ( OCv [y8x Lw ]L$v G8~u UrCu LƒSw UtQz Ox L€Sw UtQz Ox D(]0y 0z
U:|z )<„ Hz .Qv )T RLC…v Hx PQ~v )<:x Cu Hx [IvŽqU RLC…v Hx —KL$w Cz Hx [Qz Cr 3u :u
OCv [y8x Lw PUz ]Cu .Sy Zy [xW{ Dx ( LSw ]x N|y Qy Tx CL}Gw L]~w Qy Jt Hz LUŽw q[Ix —LOw
]Cu OL6w Qz G<y Cz PCw :u C]y LCw LNw G|y Hx RZy [x5{ Gz .Oy O)NyLDx 0z
[Qz Cr 3u :u OL6w Qz G<y Cz .Qy Yx Uz $x .Oy ](O%yQw OCv [y8x Lw
[Du |EuNx CSy [qICr Hu CSy P(Z RNv Oy GUy (:Lx Gz ¨ ·HyqGLOz
'Sy :x yLOx G[yKy UtGy [IvJt Gz Hx /Q|u :x RUz Q|z Ox (SU|vL:w )GHx /LY|u Oy Jt
Jz LQ|w Yx ]z G[yGv Qx FHw&yŸ]L$v ](NOx Qz ( )S)NQx OUz GSv Dx /]x LDv (
X[uC|y Gy ])WSx 0z U$|z [xCz Qv X$v Zz <x OCv [y8x Lw /2x Uz LJv Fx Sw Hx
CDy ( .]y Fy)DUt$z PLJw Qv 8x ( .[yLUw RzLSx Dw $x PL8w 8y (SY|v [xCz Ox

(SLQ|v yL$x G[yGv Qx $w OCv )% R),Yw Ox

IO\

LWHT KUQN GTWFG

[HDF ]LSU] [FT

])D(]0x Gz PLQw Jt [z O:u /L]|u )&Qw G[v8x Uu :qO:x ](NIy Dx (

KUQ ZLTWL _ ¨ ·…HyqGLx [Qz Cr u3:u )Q0x .]y [y)]$x
]Q|u Cr |Hu FTu}Ju ŸD[zHx PLw 5~z Cz .[uC}u R(3 Jz Hx P(J~ [z O}Cv ¨·HyŽqGLx
LFvLx ŸOUz Hx G— 7v Sz Hx GCy +y Jz Hx U:z ~Wu Hy RqHƒUy C}8v qS PLWŽw Oy Ct O|y —FTu Ju‰ [}Yv qS
—RqHUy C„8v qS /)Q‘ 0y OC…v ŸLQw [qQCOv D(]0y PLCw LDw 3x Gz /LF|uDy Ut
)5Ž Cz —FUz Oy ZL„Iw Jr Gu ŸCqO| )] Oy Jt|Sz ]L[~wCv :x Ow U:z 5uŽ ŸOUz […Dv qUHx
.LƒOw :x ]z Hx (SL]v qSqH|Ut :q$~ Nx Lw (SQvŽ Jt [|zLx D(:… yL C(G| FTu ~Ju X}Wv Jy ŸL0|w
FTu ~Ju DqZŽ Ut|zLOx —]Qu Cr R<„v <w P]|y HCq+Jz ŸO0y P~yL ])O} Y{ Qx $w
UQz :x ( PFuZ|u LQv LQ}w (SL]~v qDCt O|z <y Ux }$z :x Sw Ÿ[:u Ct PGy [yDx Cz Ox
Uz Q|v ): .([$y G5u ŸO0y ]1z Ww <x Uz Q|v ): G<y Cz L0w (S]|v 1y Ww <x
LWw ŸL[vQx Cw _ R)Y‰ [yOx (}LGx |Lw C ]L[C[C P\D RLHNL RQv Cy Hx RQv Cy G1y Ww <x

LO|w CtqE| Hx L[}w(Y ¨·H‘yqGLxŠ /LSu Wy Ox L$…w Ow R)…LEx Gu Hx

GJSQ ]OLW] ]C PL[QHEH ODZ]] \LFZ RIJG [QHCH

JO\

LWHT KUQN GTWFG

M[FG ]OW] [FT

M[FG ]OW] [FT
7HILOODW +DGHUHFK 7KH 7UDYHOHU
V 3UD\HU

DHKH M[FD ZLIJG\ [JC GT[WQ ]HJW CO MOGQ M[FO CYHL\ PUW ON G[QHC
[\WC PC [YL [\C ]N[D L[JC HC GZ\Q HC ONHC O\ GSH[JC GN[D [JC GNQTO

(SNv LOw )<:u (SL]v )DCt LGv ÅCHv (SLGv ÅCr ¨·HyqGLx /LSu Wy Ox Qw R)Y[y LGx Ly

(SNv Qx Tx ]w Hx P)O:y Ox (SNv L[wFx ]z Hx P)O:y Ox (SFvLUw Yx ]z Hx P)O:y Ox
P)O:y Ox ( >]Jz Sz Ox (@ GJy Qx 8w Ox PL,w Jz Ox (SYv Wx Ju I)JQx Ow (SUv L%w ]z Hx P)O:y Ox
DvL)C O0y ŸV0z Qw (SOv L6w ]z Hx P)O:y Ox LSw [vLIw Jx ]z Hx [QHC FLQ [HIJO H]UF PC
]),Sw Uy [xW{ LSv LQw O0y Qw ( .[u&u$z ])U[y ]),Jz Hx PLKw Tx Ow Hx D[v)CHx
G8v UtQz ONy $x GJy Oy Yx Gz Hx GNy [y$x JOz :x ]w Hx POy )UOy ])CDy ( ]):%x [z]x 2w Gz
(SLCv q[ ONy LSv LUv Dx ( /LSu LUv $x PLQw Jt [zOx ( FTu Ju Ox ( RJv Ox (SSv <x ]w Hx (SLFv yL
G1y Ww <x Uz Qv q: OCv L0w (SLSv (SJt <z O)Z UQz :x ]w Hx PLDw )K PLFw Ty Jt (SLOv Qx Ex ]w Hx

GOy Ww <x Uz Qv ): PLQ\ P\ [G[GL .([$y G<y Cy R(SJt ]z Hx

[:u Ct 0z DqZUtzL [Qu Cq,Hz PLGw ÅCr LNv Ct Ox Qz )D (U%x Wx ,w Hz )0[xFzOx .Oz Gy DqZUtzLHx
P:v C[yZx ,w Hz GIu OCL[DE PLGw ÅCr GSv Jt Qz OCNLQ OCL[HC OCW[ ] [ PCy [y

6D\ WLPHV W E [QHCH PLw Sy Jt Qz C(GGz P)Z2y Gz

¨·HyqGLx /]x U|y(:LOw ¨·HyqGLx L]w L(wZw ¨·HyqGLx L]w L(wZw /]x U|y(:LOw
6D\ WLPHV PLQUW
O [QHCH L]w L(wZw /]x U|y(:LOw

G8v UtQz ( (SLOv Uy GSy Sx )0 (SLFv yL G8v UtQz ( (SLOv Uy (SLGv ÅCr LSyqFCt PUz qS LGw LHw
6D\ WLPHV PLQUW
H [QHCH (GSv Sx )0 (SLFv yL

C9y Lw -y 3u J{ LHw /LOu Cv HLSy 5y ¨ ·HyqGLx [Cv yL /[uQx :x Lw Hx ¨ ·HyqGLx /Nx [uDy Lx
6D\ WLPHV PLQUW
L [QHCH P)O:y /Ox P8v yLHx /LOu Cv HLSy 5y ¨·HyqGLx

LQw :x PGu Dy C[v7y Lw Hx PL[wUy 3x Gz ]Cu .[vDy Lx U[y O0y Qw L]w )C OCv )%Gz .Cy Ox 2z Gz
PLQUW
G [QHCH
X[uCy Gy D[uZu $x D)[Oy (%Fx Lw Hx ZJy Yx Lw Hx PGy [yDx Cz L]z )DCt P:v Hx
6D\ WLPHV

(WFx [|y CÅHx PGu L]v )DLDw Tx [:u Ct PL[wUy Gu OUz PLGw ÅCr ]<z Jw LGw Lx Hz (U4y ,w Hz
6D\ WLPHV W E [QHCH DqZUtzL LSv $x L[vJt Cz

KO\

\LFZ

C[yDx L&w CQy Ox Uy $x RQC C$y [z 'Qv :x :&z Zz ]x Lw Hx O&{%{ ]y Lx

'Sv Zy [x5{ JQz Yx zLHx ']v (NOx Qz .LOw Qx zLHx ']v (U[xNw
]L$v OqNFx Lv,Jz Dx ( R)NLQv )LDx ( R)NLv,Jz $x RQC 'Jv L:w Qx D[vZy LHw
'LQv :x CGv Lx RQC RQv Cy ([Qx Cw Hx DL[wZy RQz Ix Dw ( COy Ey Ut$z OCv [y8x Lw
J$z <z :x Lw Hx .[z$y ]x Lw Cy,Qz Ox Uy LQv Ox Uy Ox POz Uy Ox .[zDy Qx C$y [z
G1u Uz ]x Lw Hx [&yGz ]x Lw Hx C9v Sz ]x Lw Hx PQz )[]x Lw Hx [Cz 5y ]x Lw Hx
O0y RQw C1y Uv Ox RQC C(G .L[w$x C:y Fx Z{ &x 'LQv :x O1y Gz ]x Lw Hx
R[yLQw Ct &z C]y Qy Jy Su Hx C]y Jy $x :x <w C]y [yL:w C]y Ny [x$w

RQC RQv Cy ([Qx Cw Hx CQy Ox Uy $x

CWH[O OCHE RLD G[IJD [QHC X \G [HDLY ]LSU]D

O0y OUz Hx R)GLFvLQw Ox <z OUz Hx RSy$y [z OUz Hx OCv [y8x Lw OU{

C]y Lx [z)C$x RLZw Tx Uy &x R)GLFvLQw Ox ]z LFvLQw Ox <z
[]y Cy Hx []y Cy ONy Dx LFw Hx RLFvGy C[y]x Cz Dx L&w C<y :x &w Zz
PFyZs RQw LQv Jt [zHx C&yTx Jw Hx C3y Jw R)NOx ( R)GOx ( CSy Oy CGv Lx

RQC RQv Cy ([Qx Cw Hx CUy [xCz Hx Cy,Qz :x L[vCQy

GUy (:LHw UDy 8y Hx PL,w Jz Cy,Qz :x RQw C$y [z CQy Oy :x CGw Ly

JHzL[vHx G[y5y Nz Hx GJy LOw Tx ( G1y C{ Ex ( GCy (W[x( CDy IyL:v Hx GQy Jy Su Hx
RQC RQv Cy ([Qx Cw Hx OCv [y8x Lw )2Uz ŸONy Ox ( (SOy GOy 6y Gz Hx

P)O:y G8u UtzL HLQy Jt [z$x C(G HLQy )[Qx $w P)O:y G8v )U

RQC RQv Cy ([Qx Cw Hx OCv [y8x Lw )2Uz ŸO0y OUz Hx (SLOv Uy

Q\

7UDQVOLWHUDWHG .DGGLVK

<LWJDGDO 9H\LWNDGDVK 6KHPHK 5DEED $PHQ
%H
DOPD 'L
EHUD &KLUXWHK 9H\DPOLFK 0DOFKXWHK 9H<DVPDK
3XUNDQHK 9L.DUHE 0HVKLKHK $PHQ
%H+D\HFKRQ 8E\RPHFKRQ 8EKD\HK 'HFKRO %HW <LVUDHO
%D DJDOD 8EL]PDQ .DULE 9H LPUX $PHQ $PHQ
<HKHK 6KHPHK 5DEED 0HEDUDFK /H $ODP /H DOPHK $OPD\DK
<LWEDUDFK 9H <LVKWDEDK 9H <LWSD DU 9H <LWURPDP
9H<LWQDVHK 9H <LWKDGDU 9H <LWDOHK 9H <LWKDODO 6KHPHK
'H .XGVKD %HULFK +RR $PHQ
/H (OD 0LQ .RO %LUFKDWD 6KLUDWD 7LVKEHKDWD 9H 1HKDPDWD
'D $PLUDQ %H $OPD 9H ,PUX $PHQ $PHQ

CWH[O OCHE RLD G[IJD [QHC X \G [HDLY ]LSU]D

$O <LVUDHO 9H $O 5DEDQDQ 9H $O 7DOPLGHKRQ 9H $O .RO
7DOPLGHK 7DOPLGHKRQ 'H $VNLQ %H 2UD\WD .DGLVKWD
'L %HDWUD +DGHQ 9H 'L %HFKRO $WDU 9H $WDU <H +HK /DQD
8OKRQ 8OFKRQ +LQD 9H +LVGDK 9H 5DKDPHK 0LQ .RGDP
0DUHK 6KHPD\D 9H $UDK 9H LPUX $PHQ $PHQ

<H +HK 6KHODPD 5DEED 0LQ 6KHPD\D +DLP 9H6DEDK
9LVKXDK 9H1HKDPD 9H6KH]DED 8UIXDK 8JXOD 8VOLKD
9H&KDSDUD 9H5HYDK 9H +DVDOD /DQX 8OFKRO $PR <LVUDHO
9H ,PUX $PHQ $PHQ

2VHK 6KDORP %LPURPDY +RR %HUDKDPDY <D $VHK 6KDORP
$OHLQX 9H $O .RO $PR <LVUDHO 9H ,PUX $PHQ $PHQ

CQ\