Joseph Torello (Class of 2022) - Blue Science Portfolio (5)

Blue Science
portfolio

Blue Science Portfolio

Directions: Y​ ou have been asked to create a digital science portfolio that represent your growth
towards specific skills throughout the year. The portfolio will showcase your lab reports,
assessments and presentations that you will complete in science class. You will be expected to
edit and revise the additions to the portfolio throughout year. The final project will be submitted
to ​http://anyflip.com/​ in June.

Topic List

Scientific Method
1. Scientific Discoveries Presentation

2. QUIZ: Scientific Method Ref

Scientific Method

Directions: ​Read the following description of an experiment and complete the
components of the scientific method.
Experiment:
Option #1: P​ atrick believed that fish would become smarter and complete a maze
faster if they ate food that was placed in a microwave first. He had 100 fish that he
could use for the experiment. He evaluated their intelligence based on their time to
complete the maze.

Option #2:​ Mr. Smithers believed that Caffeine may make people more alert. Mr.
Smithers tested 1​ 00 ​people by using their scores in the same video game. Devin had 3
different brands of drinks with​ 10 g, 20 g, and 30 g o​ f caffeine respectively. He
measured their scores on a video game that had a range of 0​ -1000 points​. Some of the
players were not given caffeine drinks. on the game

*Help Mr. Smithers design an effective experiment and write a conclusion that analyzes
your results.

Problem Statement
Would caffeine would make people more alert if they drink the caffeine

Hypothesis
I think that the people would be more alert if they drink if they drink more than thay will
be more alert

Independent Variable
10 20 30 0

Dependent Variable If they were alrete
The Amount of people

Constants​ (Pick 2)
The amount of caffeine

Control
The people that did not have caffeine drinks

Basic Procedures:​
(List 5-8 steps)

1.buy the things you need
2.put the drinks on a table
3.drink the drinks

4. Play the video game
5.test your hypothesis
6. Is it true

Data Table:​ (Place data table here) trail b points trail c points

Trail a Points 475 325
0 500
10 515 550 575
20 600
30 800 650 658

845 890

Graph:​ (Place graph here)

0

Conclusion:
Purpose, Hypothesis, Description, Data or evidence, Improvements, Conclusion
The purpose of my experiment was to see how caffeine can make you focused. My hypothesis
was right I said it would make you focused and it turned out that it will make you focused. There
was no improvements t​ hat​ had to be made. My data shows that the more caffeine you have the
more focused you are. When they had no caffeine they did the worst but when they had the
most caffeine 30 they had did the best. In conclusion, The players with more caffeine played
better and longer than the players with no caffeine.
Explain which trial of caffeine worked the best and which worked the worst. Use the actual
numbers from data table here.
\

MODEL CONCLUSION:

This experiment was conducted to test if caffeine intake has an affect on the number of points
scored on a video game. The hypothesis of, “If a person is given 25 milliliters of caffeine then
they will score the greatest number of points when playing a video game,” is accurate according
to my data. For this experiment, the first group of 50 people were put into a room and played a
video game for ten minutes. The next group of 50 people were put into the same room and
played the same video game for ten minutes as well, however five sets of ten people were given
the five different amounts of caffeine; 5 ml, 10 ml, 15 ml, 20 ml, 25 ml. According to my data, the
10 people who drank 25 ml of caffeine demonstrated the best performance on the game with an
average of 260 points out of 1,000, compared to 20 ml and an average of 240/1,000, 15 ml and
an average of 220/1,000 points, and 10 ml and and an average of 200/1,000 points. On the
other hand, the people in the control group who did not drink any caffeine, only scored an
average of 160 points out of 1,000. Considering the outcome of my experiment, I believe I
conducted a successful one, however I could conduct more trials and test whether or not the
type of caffeine affects the player’s performance. In addition, I could run another experiment to
test if the type of video game effects player's performance. Ultimately, this experiment shows
that the greater the level of caffeine intake, the more successful you are when playing a video
game.

3. Science Articles: Cassini Space

Density
Name joey

Class s7
Teacher mrs.lopez
Date9/28/17

Investigation Title:

I. Investigation Design
A. Problem Statement:
What is what you have to identify what number matches up with what letter

B. Hypothesis:
If density is known then I can correctly identify the unknown metals

C. Independent Variable: x
Levels of IV

copper bronze illumnie tink tin

D. Dependent Variable:y
The letters

E. Constants: scale Test tube
50 water

F. Control:
The amount of water, The metal, The scale, The graduated cylinder.

G. Materials: (List with numbers)
1. Triple beam balance
2.becker
3.graduated cylinder
4.dropper
5.water
6.ruler

H. Procedures: (List with numbers and details)
1.weigh the metae to find mass
2.measure amount of water in your cylinder
3. You put metal in cylinder and record new vol.

II. Data Collection
A. Qualitative Observations:

The heaviness color,shape and size
Metal 3 large and heavy and brown and a cube
Metal 2 was grey and a cylinder and medium
Metal 6 tall silver and cylinder

B. Quantitative Observations: (Key data)
1. Data Table

metal day 1 density day 2 density 9.26
copper 9.28 7.15
tin 7.23 9.84
bronze 9.89 8.61
brass 8.53 7.05
zinc 7.2 2.77
aluminum 2.71

2. Graph

3. Calculations

Show 3 Math Examples

Copper Tin aluminum
D=m/v g/cm3
D = m/v D=m/v
D=22/8 g/cm3
D= 27 g D= 28.6/4
3 cm3

D = 9 g/cm​ 3 ​D=7.15g/cm​3 ​D=2.75g/cm3​

III. Data Analysis/ Conclusion

The purpose of the lab was to identify metals by the density. The most density metal was

copper it had a total of 9.28. The least dense metal was aluminum it had 2.71. In conclusion I

Identified the density.Zinc was close together with 7.2 and 7.05.

IV. Research and Applications
5 6-8 sentences about your topic
*How does Density relate to Plate Tectonics?
Density relates to plates because the earth's plates and density are thick and dense. Also they
both have layers are that thick. They also both move very slowly. They have to do with metals.

They both sink or crash into each other. They are very alike.

V. References and Citations
● 2 or 3 web links

https://www.khanacademy.org/partner-content/amnh/earthquakes-and-volcanoes/plate-tectonic
s/a/plates-on-the-move
http://www.dictionary.com/browse/density#
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Q3II9Q-D9n9PQw3WOX93hq86dX9qdpKxrx-_KKv-0Dk/e
dit

Density Lab Rewrite Density (g/cm3)
Known - Day 1 9.12
2.78
1. Metal
Copper 11.89
7.13
Aluminum

Lead

Zinc

2.

Unknown - Day 2

Metal Density (g/cm3)
12.34
A 7.56
B 5.32
C 2.65
D

Make a Graph:

Conclusion:

*Use transition words (Therefore, however, In conclusion…)
1.
2. Describe data that supports your hypothesis - Are you able to identify 3 unknowns? Use
evidence from the data table.
3. Which trial would you repeat? Why?
4. What would you improve in this lab?

Phase Changes

3. Activity: Phase Change of Water

Directions:
● Melt the ice water and record the temperatures every 30 seconds until you reach the
boiling point of water.
● Record the temperatures on the following data table:
​ ​Construct a graph of your results. *​Use Link on Classroom
● Respond to the Critical Thinking Questions

Graph:

Critical Thinking Questions:

1. When did the temperatures stay the same on the graph? Why did the
temperatures stay the same at 2 points during the lab? It had stayed the
same at 4 degrees 100 degrees.

These two points are when phase change happens ice went to water and water
turned to vapor
2. How would the graph be different if we tried this experiment with Gold?

Explain: It has a different melting point
3. What is the role of energy during the phase changes?

It use a lot of energy to melt
4. Describe the motion of the molecules throughout the experiment. Find

diagrams that show the motion.
5. How does the Average Kinetic Energy change throughout the experiment?

(Be specific)
6. Suppose you had 200 mL of ice in one beaker and 400 mL of ice in another

beaker. Compare and explain the following in the beakers after they have
reached the boiling point:
A. Heat Energy
B. Temperature
C. Average Kinetic Energy
D. Specific Heat
E. Latent Heat (Define it)
7. Why do we put water in a car’s engine? Explain:
8. Moth crystal graph:

It is different to water because water went cold to hot this experiment went hot to cold. Also the
crystal stayed the same at a random number when the water changes when it went to 100

QUIZ: Phase Changes 2017

Calculate Heat Energy:

Apply the following Equations:
Heat = Mass * Heat of Fusion
Heat = Mass * Change in Temperature * SH
Heat = Mass * Heat of Vaporization
Data Table:

Metal Mass Heat of Melting Boiling Heat of Specific Heat
Fusion Pt.​ (C) Pt. ​(C) Vaporization Heat Energy
(cal/g) (cal/gC) (cal)
(cal/g)

Water 37 g 80 0 100 540 1

Silver 37 g 26 961 2212 2356 0.057

Directions: D​ etermine the Heat Energy required to completely evaporate the substances in the
data table.

*SHOW ALL MATH STEPS
Math Steps (____ out of 4)
A. Water

Scientific Notation:
B. Silver

Scientific Notation:

Graph your Results:

Writing (_____ out of 4)
Questions:

1. How are Heat and Temperature different for the following pictures of​ ​boiling​ ​water?

Explain:​ (Hint: Use the Heat equation)

2. How can you use the unit (cal/gC) to explain the difference between Water and Silver?
Silver has a low specific heat so it's a conductor while water has a higher specific heat
so it's not as good as copper

3. Would it be possible for there to be solid oxygen on another planet? Explain:
Oxygen Melting Point: -218 C
Oxygen Boiling Point: -183 C
Another planet does not have oxygen on it that why no one lives in another planet.

Classifying Matter

QUIZ: Classifying Matter

I. Directions: I​ dentify the following as either a Heterogeneous Mixture, Homogeneous Mixture,

Element or Compound. Write the following letters in Column B for your choices:

A. Heterogeneous

B. Homogeneous

C. Element

D. Compound

Column A Column B

Salad a

Copper c

Lemonade b

Rocks, sand, gravel a

Salt Water b

Gold c

Sodium Chloride ​(NaCl) d

Air (Oxygen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide…) d

K​2​SO​4 d
Twix, snickers, pretzels, popcorn in a bag a

II. Directions:​ Determine the Mass % of each mixture and construct the appropriate graphs.

Mixture A Mass (g) %

Large Rocks 125 51.9

Small Rocks 75 31.1

Coarse Sand 32 13.3

Iron 9 3.7

Mixture B Mass (g) %
Large Rocks 205 68.1

Small Rocks 58 19.3
Coarse Sand 97 32.2
Iron 29 9.6

Calculation Examples (​ Provide Examples showing how you determined the Mass %)

Graphs:
Mixture A

Mixture B

Part III.​ Determine the Mass % of Elements in each Compound:

K​2​SO4​ ​ - Potassium Sulfate
(Show Math Here)
39+39+32+16+16+16+16=174
K​2​=44.8
s=18.4
o=36

Graphs:

IV. Conclusion:
1. Explain the difference between Mixtures and Compounds using data. Compare the pie

charts.mixtures you can't take apart but compounds you can.

2. ​Explain how you separated the Salt from the Sand. Use as much new vocabulary as you
can.they would be spreaded

Solubility

7. Solubility Graph Practice:
Directions: C​ onstruct a solubility graph that contains 5 substances from
the chart. (Temperature on X-axis and Solubility on 7-axis)

Salt Solubility Data*

Salt Name Chemical Tempe

Formula rature

(​○C​ )

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Ammonium NH​4Cl 29.4 33. 37.2 45.8 55.2 65.6 77.3
Chloride 3

Potassium KNO3​ 13.9 21. 31.6 45.3 61.4 83.5 106.
Nitrate 2 0

Sodium NaNO3​ 73 87.6 102 122 148 180
Nitrate

Barium Ba(OH)2​ 1.67 3.89 8.22 20.9 101.
Hydroxide 44

Potassium KCl 28.1 31. 34.2 40.0 45.8 51.3 56.3
Chloride 2

Lithium LiCl 69.2 83.5 89.8 98.4 112 128
Chloride

Potassium K​2SO4​ 7.4 9.3 11.1 13.0 14.8 16.5 18.2 19. 21.4 22.9 24.1
Sulfate 8

Sodium NaCl 35.7 35. 36.0 36.2 36.5 36.8 37.3 37. 38.1 38.6 39.2
Chloride 8 6

Copper (II) CuSO​4 14.3 17. 20.7 24.2 28.7 33.8 40.0 47. 56.0 67.5 80.0
4 0
Sulfate
(A​ nhydrous)​

Potassium KI 128 144 162 176 192 206
Iodide

*​ Solubility values are given in grams of salt per 100 grams of water

CREATE GRAPH HERE WITH 5 Compounds using different colors for each line. Fill in

the missing solubilities if needed on the chart.

Critical Thinking Questions:

1. How does the solubility of NaCl vary with the temperature of the water? E​ xplain using
your data and your graph.

2. What generalization can you make about the relationship between solubility and

temperature? ​Provide Evidence (Data)

3. Estimate the solubility of each salt at certain temperatures by filling in the following
table​.​ Use your graph to determine the solubilities.

Salt Name Temper
ature
Ammonium Chloride (​○C​ )
Potassium Nitrate
5 15 25 35 45 55 65

Sodium Nitrate

Barium Hydroxide

Potassium Chloride

Lithium Chloride
Potassium Sulfate

Sodium Chloride
Copper (II) Sulfate (A​ nhydrous​)

Potassium Iodide

Name: __________________________________________Date: 

____________Class____________

Solubility Curve Practice Problems Worksheet 1

You'll notice that for most substances, solubility increases as temperature increases. As discussed 
earlier in solutions involving liquids and solids typically more solute can be dissolved at higher 
temperatures. Can you find any exceptions on the 

graph?_​ ___________________

Here's an example of how to read the graph. Find the curve for KClO3​ ​. 

At 30°C approximately 10g of KClO3​ ​ will dissolve in 100g of water. If the temperature is 
______​increased to 80°C,  approximately ​
of the substance will dissolve in 100g (or 

100mL) of water.

Directions:​ Use the graph to answer the following questions. REMEMBER UNITS!

1) What mass of solute will dissolve in 100mL of water at the following temperatures? 

a. KNO​3 ​at 70°C = ​____________
b. NaCl at 100°C= ​____________

c. NH​4​Cl at 90°C= ​____________

d. Which of the a​ bove​ three substances is most soluble in water at 15°C. = 

____________

2) Types of Solutions

On a solubility curve, the lines indicate the concentration of a ​__________________ solution​ - the
maximum amount of solute that will dissolve at that specific temperature.

Values on the graph ____________ a curve represent ​unsaturated solutions​ - more solute could be
dissolved at that temperature.

Label the following solutions as saturated or unsaturated. If unsaturated, write how much more solute
can be dissolved in the solution.

Solution Saturated or Unsaturated? If unsaturated: How much
more solute can dissolve in
a solution that contains 70g of the solution?
NaNO3​ ​ at 30°C (in 100 mL H2​ O​ )

a solution that contains 50g of
NH​4C​ l at 50°C (in 100 mL H2​ O​ )

a solution that contains 20g of
KClO3​ ​ at 50°C (in 100 mL H​2​O)

a solution that contains 70g of KI
at 0°C (in 100 mL H​2O​ )

Homework – Use the Solubility Graphs on Page 1

1. a. What is the solubility of K​ Cl a​ t 5°​ ​C? ​_______
b. What is the solubility of K​ Cl​ ​at 25​°​C? _​ ______
_______c. What is the solubility of ​Ce2​ ​(SO4​ )​ ​3​ ​ ​at 10​°​C? ​
_______d. What is the solubility of C​ e​2​(SO​4​)3​ ​ at 50​°​C? ​

2. a. At 90​°C​ , you dissolved 10 g of KCl in 100. g of water. Is this solution saturated or 
unsaturated?

b. How do you know?

3. A mass of 100 g of NaNO3​ ​ is dissolved in 100 g of water at 80ºC. 
a) Is the solution saturated or unsaturated?______________________________

b) As the solution is cooled, at what temperature should solid first appear in the solution? 
Explain.

4. Use the graph to answer the following two questions:

Which compound is most soluble at 20 ºC? _​ _______
Which is the least soluble at 40 ºC? ​________

5. Which substance on the graph is ​least​ soluble at 10​°C​ ? __________
6. A mass of 80 g of KNO3​ ​is dissolved in 100 g of water at 50 ºC. The solution is heated to 70ºC. 
How many more grams of potassium nitrate must be added to make the solution saturated? Explain 
your reasoning (S​ ee question #2 on the other side for a hint)

7. Elements review: Fill in the chart below for some of the compounds on the graph:

Formula # of atoms in formula If the following amounts of solute are dissolved in 100
mL of water: Is the solution ​SATURATED​ OR
Example: Na = UNSATURATED
NaCl Cl ​=
3 grams dissolved at 0​ºC

Formula # of atoms in formula If the following amounts of solute are dissolved in 100
mL of water: Is the solution ​SATURATED​ OR
KI UNSATURATED

120 grams dissolved at 0º​ C

7.2 grams dissolved at 70º​ C

Ce(SO4​ ​)​3

11 grams dissolved at 46.7º​ C

NH4​ ​Cl

4. Estimate the solubility of each salt at certain temperatures by filling in the following
table​.​ Use your graph to determine the solubilities.

Salt Name Temper
ature
Ammonium Chloride (​○C​ )
Potassium Nitrate
5 15 25 35 45 55 65

Sodium Nitrate

Barium Hydroxide

Potassium Chloride

Lithium Chloride
Potassium Sulfate

Sodium Chloride
Copper (II) Sulfate (​Anhydrous​)

Potassium Iodide

Extra Practice WS
Extra Practice WS2

Isotopes

Name: Date:

Directions​ construct a graph that will help you determine the age of fossils.

​Isotope A Percent Isotope
Years

0 100

5000 50

10,000 25

15,000 12.5

20,000 6.25

25,000 3.125

30,000 1.06

35,000 .5

40,000 .25

45,000 .125

50,000 0

Hint: Remember to add gridlines

Graph: (​ place graph here)

Questions: (Use your graph above to answer the questions below)
1. How old is the following fossil?
Fossil A - 73% of Isotope A remaining

5,000
2. How old is the following fossil?
Fossil B - 15% of Isotope A remaining

20,000
3. What percentage of Isotope A is remaining if the fossil is 1200 years old?
(Use your graph) 26200%

Average Atomic Mass Calculations
1. Naturally occurring chlorine that is put in pools is 7​ 5% 35Cl (mass = 34.9 amu)​ and
2​ 5 percent 37Cl (mass = 36.9 amu).​ Calculate the average atomic mass of chlorine.

34.9 * 0.75 = 26.175

2. Calculate the atomic mass of silicon. The three silicon isotopes have atomic masses and
relative abundances of 2​ 7.9 amu (92%),​ 2​ 8.9 amu (4.7%)​ and 2​ 9 amu (3.3%).

3.03+61.48+30.32=27.20
Writing:

Use one of the examples above to discuss how you determine the number of neutrons for each
isotope. You also need to discuss how the %abundance contributed to the Average Atomic
Mass of the element. (HINT: Think of the M&M Lab!)

Key Terms to use:​ Isotope, nucleus, neutrons, average atomic mass, Mass%, M&Ms, protons,
atomic number, element, however, therefore, additionally, for instance, in conclusion, data,
% abundance
i weighed the m and ms and split them up by size. So the pretzel m and m was on another tray
when i weighed them. And then we did the math like we did in this project. And worked with
isotopes too like in the alinea project so that's what i did.

Motion

Velocity Story

Name: Date:

Directions:​ Work in a group to tell a story of a classmate in motion. You must include 3 turns
(change in direction) and 3 different velocities. Your story must also have an amount of time
where the classmate does not move. What did the person do when they stopped? Where were
they going?

Data Table:
Example: Velocity = Distance/Time
V = 12 m/3 sec
V = 4 m/sec.

Description Distance (m) Time (sec.) Velocity (m/s)

Graph:​ (X-axis is Time; y axis is Distance)
Story:

Velocity Project 2018
Due: Wednesday night February 21,2018

1. Define the following terms and include pictures if possible:

Motion moving or being Speed the rate of Position a place where
moved something or someone is someone or something is
able to move or operate located or have been
placed

Distance an amount Acceleration a vehicle's Terminal Velocity t​ he 
between to things or capacity to gain speed constant speed that a freely 
people within short time falling object eventually 
reaches when the resistance 
of the medium through which 
it is falling prevents further 
acceleration.

Time ​the indefinite  Initial Velocity ​ the v​ elocity  Displacement moving
continued progress of 
existence and events in the  of the object before  something for its place or
past, present, and future 
regarded as a whole acceleration causes a  position

change. After accelerating 

for some amount of time, 

the new ​velocity​ is the final 

velocity

Velocity the speed of Final Velocity ​In physics,  Key Metric units
something in a given velocity​ is d​ efined​ as the 
direction displacement divided by 
time where displacement 
is ​defined​ as the difference 
between your ​final​ and 
initial positions. 
Furthermore, when an 
object travels the same 
distance every second, 
then the object is said to 
be moving with constant 
velocity​.

2. What is the difference between Speed and Velocity? Explain using an example
in your own words. Speed is how fast something is able to move but not giving a
direction while velocity is the speed of something in a certain direction

3. Pick 2 cities (minimum 500 miles apart) in the United States or world and
construct a data table and graph showing the amount of hours that it would take
to travel between the 2 cities with the following modes of transportation:

A. Fastest Runner 40mph
B. Model T Ford
C. Hindenburg 45 mph
D. Tesla top speed 250 mph
E. Fastest train
F. F35 Fighter Jet
G. Lambo top speed 349 mph
*Provide a map showing your cities
*Show Detailed Math Steps
I am traveling to okc in my lambo

T = D/V
T = 500 miles/10 mph
T = 50 hours

4. What would like to see in this city when you arrive? What tourist attraction?
What restaurant would you like to visit in this city? Provide pictures
What is the basic history of this city?

OKC Thunder and Russell Westbrook, OKC Stadium i will eat at the Drake.

A.

5. Determine and graph an 18% increase in Velocity for each vehicle - Show how
the Times would be affected by the increase in speed. Show a double bar graph
with the 2 different times for each vehicle.
*Include pictures and brief description of each mode of transportation

6. Use a math calculation to show how long it would take the F 35 Fighter Jet to
get to

B. Sun
C. Saturn
D. Neptune
(Use scientific notation)
H.

Unit 1: Uniform Motion Name_______________________________
Worksheet 8 Date__________________Period________

Speed and Velocity Problems

1. What is the average speed of a cheetah that sprints 100 m in 4 s? How about if it sprints
50 m in 2 s?

2. If a car moves with an average speed of 60 km/hr for an hour, it will travel a distance of
60 km. How far will it travel if it continues this average rate for 4 hrs?

3. A runner makes one lap around a 200m track in a time of 25.0 s. What was the runner's
average speed? Answer: 8.0 m/s

4. Light and radio waves travel through a vacuum in a straight line at a speed of very nearly

3.00 ×​ ​ 108​ ​ m/s. How far is light year (the d​ istance​ light travels in a year)? Answer: 9.50
×​ 10​15​ m.

5. A motorist travels 406 km during a 7.0 hr period. What was the average speed in km/hr
and m/s? Answers: 58 km/hr, 16 m/s.

6. A bullet is shot from a rifle with a speed of 720 m/s. What time is required for the bullet
to strike a target 3240 m away? Answer: 4.5 s.

7. Light from the sun reaches the earth in 8.3 minutes. The speed of light is 3.0 ​×​ 10​8​ m/s.

In kilometers, how far is the earth from the sun? Answer: 1.5 ×​ ​ 108​ ​ km.

8. *An auto travels at a rate of 25 km/hr for 4 minutes, then at 50 km/hr for 8 minutes, and
finally at 20 km/hr for 2 minutes. Find the total distance covered in km and the average
speed for the complete trip in m/s. Answers: 9 km, 10.7 m/s.

9. *If you traveled one mile at a speed of 100 miles per hour and another mile at a speed of
1 mile per hour, your average speed would not be (100 mph + 1 mph)/2 or 50.5 mph.
What would be your average speed? (Hint: What is the total distance and total time?)
Answer: 1.98 mph.

10. *What is your average speed in each of these cases?
a. You run 100m at a speed of 5.0 m/s and then you walk 100 m at a speed of 1.0
m/s.
b. You run for 100 s at a speed of 5.0 m/s and then you walk for 100 s at a speed of
1.0 m/s. Answers: 1.7 m/s, 3.0 m/s.

11. *A race car driver must average 200 km/hr for four laps to qualify for a race. Because of
engine trouble, the car averages only 170 km/hr over the first two laps. What average
speed must be maintained for the last two laps?

12. *A car traveling 90 km/hr is 100 m behind a truck traveling 50 km/hr. How long will it
take the car to reach the truck?

13. The peregrine falcon is the world's fastest known bird and has been clocked diving
downward toward its prey at constant vertical velocity of 97.2 m/s. If the falcon dives
straight down from a height of 100. m, how much time does this give a rabbit below to
consider his next move as the falcon begins his descent?

More Speed and Velocity Problems

14. Hans stands at the rim of the Grand Canyon and yodels down to the bottom. He hears his
yodel back from the canyon floor 5.20 s later. Assume that the speed of sound in air is
340.0 m/s. How deep is the canyon?

15. The horse racing record for a 1.50 mi. track is shared by two horses: Fiddle Isle, who ran
the race in 143 s on March 21, 1970, and John Henry, who ran the same distance in an
equal time on March 16, 1980. What were the horses' average speeds in:
a. mi/s?
b. mi/hr?

16. For a long time it was the dream of many runners to break the "4-minute mile." Now
quite a few runners have achieved what once seemed an impossible goal. On July 2,
1988, Steve Cram of Great Britain ran a mile in 3.81 min. During this amazing run, what
was Steve Cram's average speed in:
a. mi/min?
b. mi/hr?

17. It is now 10:29 a.m., but when the bell rings at 10:30 a.m. Suzette will be late for French

class for the third time this week. She must get from one side of the school to the other

by hurrying down three different hallways. She runs down the first hallway, a distance of

35.0 m, at a speed of 3.50 m/s. The second hallway is filled with students, and she covers

its 48.0 m length at an average speed of 1.20 m/s. The final hallway is empty, and

Suzette sprints its 60.0 m length at a speed of 5.00 m/s.

a. Does Suzette make it to class on time or does she get detention for being

late again?

b. Draw a distance vs. time graph of the situation. (Assume constant speeds

for each hallway.)

18. During an Apollo moon landing, reflecting panels were placed on the moon. This

allowed earth-based astronomers to shoot laser beams at the moon's surface to determine

its distance. The reflected laser beam was observed 2.52 s after the laser pulse was sent.
The speed of light is 3.0 ×​ ​ 10​8​ m/s. What was the distance between the astronomers and
the moon?

19. For many years, the posted highway speed limit was 88.5 km/hr (55 mi/hr) but in recent
years some rural stretches of highway have increased their speed limit to 104.6 km/hr (65
mi/hr). In Maine, the distance from Portland to Bangor is 215 km. How much time can
be saved in making this trip at the new speed limit?

20. The tortoise and the hare are in a road race to defend the honor of their breed. The
tortoise crawls the entire 1000. m distance at a speed of 0.2000 m/s while the rabbit runs
the first 200.0 m at 2.000 m/s The rabbit then stops to take a nap for 1.300 hr and

awakens to finish the last 800.0 m with an average speed of 3.000 m/s. Who wins the
race and by how much time?

21. Two physics professors challenge each other to a 100. m race across the football field.
The loser will grade the winner's physics labs for one month. Dr. Rice runs the race in
10.40 s. Dr. De La Paz runs the first 25.0 m with an average speed of 10.0 m/s, the next
50.0 m with an average speed of 9.50 m/s, and the last 25.0 m with an average speed of
11.1 m/s. Who gets stuck grading physics labs for the next month?

QUIZ: Motion

Name:​ ________________________ Date:
___________

Formulas:

A= v2 −v1 V2 = V1 + (a * T) T= V2−V1
T2 a

1. After traveling for 14.0 seconds, a bicyclist reaches a speed of 89 m/s. What is the runner’s
acceleration?

A = v2 - v1/T2

A= 89 m/s − 0 m/s
14 sec.

A = _6.35m/s​2​__________

2. A car starting from rest accelerates at a rate of 18.0 m/s/s. What is its final speed at the end of
5.0 seconds?

V2 = V1 + (a * T)

V2 = 0 m/s + (18.0 m/s2 * 5 sec.)

V2 = __90m/s______

3. A cyclist accelerates at a rate of 16.0 m/s2. How long will it take the cyclist to reach a speed
of 49 m/s?

T = V2 - V1/a

T= 49 m/s − 0 m/s
16 m/s2

T = __3.06s________

4. Hans stands at the rim of the Grand Canyon and yodels down to the bottom. He hears his
yodel back from the canyon floor 6.0 s later. Assume that the speed of sound in air is 740.0
m/s. How deep is the canyon?

D=V*T

D = 740 m/s * 3.0 sec.

D = __2220m/s2​ _​ ________

5. The tortoise and the hare are in a road race to defend the honor of their breed. The tortoise
crawls the entire 1000. m distance at a speed of 0.35 m/s while the rabbit runs the first 200.0
m at 1.85 m/s The rabbit then stops to take a nap for 1.200 hr and awakens to finish the last
800.0 m with an average speed of 4.2 m/s. Who wins the race and by how much time?

Tortoise:

Tortoise Rabbit 1st Rabbit 2nd Rabbit 3rd
T = D/V T = D/V T = D/V
T = 1000 m/0.35 m/s T = 200 m/1.85 m/s Sleeps for 4320 T = 800 m/4.2 m/s
T = __2857_____ T = _58.43____ sec. seconds T = 190.47____ sec.
seconds

Question: Which animal wins the race? Evidence
4568.3 was the rabbits time it took him longer than the tortoise the tortoise only took 2857

6. What is the Acceleration of the Cart on the Ramp? Determine the Angle of the Ramp (A).

Angle Chart: h​ ttps://drive.google.com/open?id=0B4RmhXJlHvo1YXZhcDNMSDNSMXc

Which Angle had the greatest Acceleration? Write a Conclusion based on your findings. Create
a Graph if you have time.Graph:

Height of

Ramp Velocity Velocity
2 Acceleration
(Opposite) Dist. 1 Time 1 1 Dist. 2 Time 2

50 m 100 m 10 sec. 10m/s 100 m 5 sec. 20m/s 2m/s2​

100 m 100 m 5 sec. 20m/s 100 m 2 sec. 50m/s 15m/s2​

Conclusion: the ramp that has a height of 100m is faster because its higher

GPE/KE

Potential Energy Project
Due: Friday 3/17

Define and make note cards or QUIZLET for the following words:

Energy​ strength and Joule The​ SI unit of  Chemical Potential Law of Conservation
vitality required for work or energy, equal 
sustained physical or to the work done by a  Energy Chemical of Energy In​ physics, 
mental activity force of one newton  potential energy​ is the l​ aw of 
when its point of  the e​ nergy​ stored Conservation of 
application moves  in the c​ hemical Energy​ states that 
one meter in the  bonds of a the total e​ nergy​ of 
direction of action of  substance. The an isolated system 
the force, equivalent  various chemicals remains constant, it 
to one 3600th of a  that make up is said to be 
watt-hour. gasoline contain a conserved over 
large amount of time. This ​law 
chemical potential means​ that e​ nergy 
energy​ that is can neither be 
released when the created nor 
gasoline is burned destroyed; rather, it 
in a controlled way can only be 
in the engine of the transformed from 
car. The release of one form to 
that e​ nergy​ does another.
two things.

Kinetic Energy Kilojoules A​ ​kilojoule  Elastic Potential Gravity

Energy​ that a body  is a unit of measure  Energy Elastic  the force that attracts 
possesses by virtue 
of being in motion of energy, in the  potential energy​ is  a body toward the 
Potential energy  center of the earth, or 
same way that 
kilometres measure  stored as a result of  toward any other 
deformation of an  physical body having 
distance. Food  elastic​ object, such  mass. For most 
energy can also be  as the stretching of  purposes Newton's 
measured in terms  a spring. It is equal  laws of gravity apply, 
of the nutritional or  to the work done to  with minor 
'large stretch the spring,  modifications to take 
which depends  the general theory of 
upon the spring  relativity into 
constant k as well  account. 

as the distance 

stretched.

Potential Energy The  Gravitational Mechanical Energy In
energy possessed by 
a body by virtue of its  Potential Energy the physical
position relative to 
others, stresses  Gravitational  sciences,
within itself, electric  potential energy​ is 
charge, and other  energy​ an object  mechanical
factors. possesses because  energy​ is the sum
of its position in a  of potential ​energy
gravitational field​.  and kinetic e​ nergy.​
The most common  It is the ​energy
use of ​gravitational  associated​ with
potential energy​ is  the motion and
for an object near 
the surface of the  position of an
Earth where the 
gravitational  object.
acceleration can be 
assumed to be 
constant at about 
9.8 m/s2​ ​.

Resource: h​ ttp://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/energy/Lesson-1/Potential-Energy

Gravitational Potential Energy

Determine the Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE) of 3 different masses (g) at 3 different
heights.
3 objects: ​You, African Elephant, Chevy Camaro (research the masses)
*2.2 lbs = 1 kg

Data Table:

Your data table will need: Object, mass, gravity, height, GPE

Videos: ​http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x5JeLiSBqQY
*Video shows you how to use the GPE equation.

Determine the GPE of one of the masses on the following planets:
Star Wars Planet #1 - 17% greater than Earth’s Gravity
Star Wars Planet #2 - 39% less than Earth’s Gravity
Star Wars Planet #3 - 82% greater than Earth’s Gravity

*Use the height of your favorite Roller Coaster. You will use this to figure out the
Velocity at the bottom of the hill on the Star Wars Planets.

Calculations:
Choose 3 planets from the Star Wars Universe and use 3 different
Examples:

A. Star Wars Planet #1

B. Star Wars Planet #2:

C. Star Wars Planet #3:

Data Table:

Planet #1 mass (kg) gravity ? H1 = your coaster GPE
Object
1

Planet #2 mass (kg) gravity H2 = your coaster GPE
Object
1

Planet #3 mass (kg) gravity H1 = your coaster GPE
Object
1

Use the formula: GPE = mass * acceleration due to gravity (Earth is 9.8 m/s2) * height of object

Graph:

X - axis: Planet
Y -axis: Potential Energy

Critical Thinking Questions:
1. What factors affect Gravitational Potential Energy?
2. Why did the GPE change on the other planets?
3. Which planet would you be able to hit a golf ball further? Explain using data.
4. How does GPE relate to Chemical Potential Energy?
5. How do Energy companies use GPE to generate Electrical Energy? Give an example
6. What happens to the GPE when the object falls to the ground? Describe the Energy
transformations along the way. Use a diagram.

Worksheet 1:

http://glencoe.mheducation.com/sites/0078600510/student_view0/unit1/chapter4/math_practice_2.html
Worksheet 2:​ h​ ttp://go.hrw.com/resources/go_sc/ssp/HK1MSW65.PDF

*We will use our information to see how a roller coaster would be different on those planets.

FINAL PART - Roller Coaster Physics

Objective:
1. When energy is transformed, the total amount of energy stays constant (is conserved).
2. Work is done to lift an object, giving it gravitational potential energy (weight x height). The
gravitational potential energy of an object moving down a hill is transformed into kinetic
energy as it moves, reaching maximum kinetic energy at the bottom of the hill.

Determine the velocity of a full roller coaster of riders at the bottom of the largest hill. You can
use the following roller coasters:
Watch these Videos for help:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Je8nT93dxGg
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYEWIuQBVyg

Use either:

GAMEtop = LAKEbottom

QUIZ REVIEW 2:​ GPE/KE

Scenario:

You are an engineer for a major engineering firm that will design the lift motor and safety
restraints for the next roller coaster on the planet Hoth in Star Wars. Hoth has a gravity equal to
37% ​greater than Earth’s. The Star Wars Theme Park needs to provide you with the velocity of
the roller coaster on this planet to help you with your design. Your roller coaster will be called
the Millenium Falcon and will have a height of ​125 m​. Your roller coaster will “The Falcon” will
have a ​mass of 7000 kg.​ You will need to compare the needs for safety on Earth to the needs
on Hoth. Explain your reasoning for the changes on Hoth.

Hoth:​

Directions:​ Provide a data table showing the comparisons between the Millenium Falcon Roller
Coaster on Earth and Naboo. Describe the types of restraints that you would need on the faster
coaster.

Calculations:
Determine the Velocity of the Roller Coaster on both planets

Earth Hoth
GPE = mgh 9.8 m/s2​ ​ * 1.37 = ____13.426___
GPE = 7000 kg * 9.8 m/s​2​ * 125 m
GPE = use this answer below for KE GPE = mgh
GPE = 7000 kg * __13.426___ * 125 m
KE = 0.5 mV2​ GPE = J
Use answer from above = 0.5 (7000)V​2
__8575000___ = 3500 V2​ KE = 0.5 mV2​
Divide by 3500 __11747750___ = 3500 V2​
Square root of both sides Divide by 3500
__49.497___ = V Square root of both sides
__57.93___ = V

Data Table:

Planet Velocity
hoth 57.93
earth 49.497

Graph: (X-axis: Planet, Y-axis: Velocity)

Conclusion: ​(Purpose, hypothesis, Independent Variable, Dependent Variable, data evidence,
in conclusion)

The purpose of this lab is to find out if the roller coaster would be faster on earth or hoth.
My constant was the roller coaster my independent variable is the gravity. My hypothesis
is that the roller coaster will have a higher velocity on hoth because it has a higher
gravity.

Extra Problem:

1. The Millenium Falcon Roller Coaster has a mass of 3200 kg on Planet Tatooine.
The height of the roller coaster is 15 m which results in a Potential Energy of
800,000 J. What is the gravity on Planet Tatooine?

GPE = mgh (Multiply 3200 X 15)
800,000 = (3200 kg)(g)(15 m) (Divide 800,000/_______)
800,000 = __48000______ g
_2.37______ = gravity

Explain your answer I multiplied 3200 by 15 and I got an answer of 48000 then I had to divide
both sides by 8500 and i got 5. Something i square rooted that and got a final answer of 2.37

Inclined Plane

QUIZ: Inclined Plane
QUIZ: W​ ednesday and Thursday

Directions: ​Analyze the Inclined Plane Data Table that is shared on
Classroom and determine which machine has the greatest Actual
Mechanical Advantage (AMA).
Problem Statement:
How does the angle of an inclined plane affect the Mechanical
Advantage? Is there a machine that is impossible? Explain using
data.

Hypothesis: (​ Use proper form!)

I think that there is a machine that is possible.

Diagrams of Inclined Planes:​ (Use DRAWING - Label Diagrams)

I

Angle Chart: ​https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B4RmhXJlHvo1YXZhcDNMSDNSMXc

Calculations (​ Examples):

IMA = Din/Dout AMA = Fout/Fin Efficiency = Wout/Win * 100
IMA = AMA = Eff =

IMA = Din/Dout AMA = Fout/Fin Efficiency = Wout/Win * 100
IMA = AMA = Eff =

Data Table: (​ Located on Google Classroom)

Output Output Output Input Input Input Efficie
Force (N) Dist. (m)
Trial Work (J) Force Dist. Work IMA AMA ncy
70
angle = 12 840 4 300 1200 4.28 3 70
13 70

Angle = 12 70 840 6 200 1200 2.85 2 70
21

angle = 12 840 8 100 800 1.42 1.5 105
45

Graph:​ (​ Angle and Mechanical Advantage)*Make sure you have Titles!
*Only graph the Angle and Mechanical Advantage