Joseph Torello (Class of 2022) - Blue Science Portfolio (5)

Conclusion:

Option #1 Write a Conclusion.

***Your conclusion must also address which machine would be impossible

and why?

1. Discuss purpose
2. Restate hypothesis - angle and mechanical advantage
3. Data to support hypothesis
4. Is there a machine that is impossible? Explain using research on

the Law of Conservation of Energy (Support with research - Use
Explore Tool research - INLINE CITATIONS )1
5. Use this source to explain the relationship of this machine to
Newton’s First Law of Motion.
The purpose of my experiment was to see how the angle affects the MA I
think when the angle increases the MA decrees I think this because my
angels go 13,2145 and my MA is 3,2 and 1.5. In Conclusion the
mechanical advantage goes down when and angle is increased.

Lab Rubric - Data Analysis Sections

1 234

Data/ ____Data is poorly ____Data is ____Data is ___Data is clearly
Observations organized or missing represented in a represented in the and accurately
altogether. table or graph, but table or graph with represented in a
No mention of it is incomplete or minor errors. More table or graph.
observations there are major complete discussion Observations
errors. Some of observations. include discussion
discussion of of both qualitative
observations and quantitative
observations.

Conclusion/ ____No conclusion is ____Somewhat ____Adequately ____Clearly explains
Analysis written in this report or it explains whether or explains whether or whether or not the
is very brief. No data is not the hypothesis not the hypothesis hypothesis was
cited. was supported. was supported. supported. Data
____No analysis is ____ Possible Data is cited to was cited to support
included or it is extremely sources of error are support hypothesis. the hypothesis.
brief no sources of error somewhat ____Possible ____Possible
are explained. explained. sources of error are sources of error are
____No discussion of ____ No discussion adequately clearly explained.
patterns or trends in the of patterns or explained.

1 "Introduction to mechanical advantage (video) | Khan Academy."
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/physics/work-and-energy/mechanical-advantage/v/introduction-to-
mechanical-advantage​. Accessed 9 Apr. 2018.

data trends ____Some ____Trends and

discussion of Patterns in the data

patterns or trend in are clearly

the data discussed.

Thermal (Heat) Energy Project
Chapter 6 (pg. 156-180)

DUE: Friday May 16th

1. Vocabulary - Define and make note cards or quizlet

Conduction The Heat ​the quality of  Insulators​ thing or  Calorie ​either of two 
process by which
heat or electricity is being hot; high  substance used for  units of heat energy.
directly transmitted
through a substance temperature. insulation, in 
when there is a
difference of particular.
temperature or of
electrical potential
between adjoining
regions, without
movement of the
material.

Convection t​ he  Temperature The  Second Law of Turbine

movement caused  degree or intensity of  Thermodynamics a machine for 

within a fluid by the  heat present in a  the branch of physical  producing continuous 

tendency of hotter  substance or object,  science that deals  power in which a 

and therefore less  especially as  with the relations  wheel or rotor, 

dense material to rise,  expressed according  between heat and  typically fitted with 

and colder, denser  to a comparative  other forms of energy  vanes, is made to 

material to sink under  scale and shown by a  (such as mechanical,  revolve by a 

the influence of  thermometer or  electrical, or chemical  fast-moving flow of 

gravity, which  perceived by touch. energy), and, by  water, steam, gas, air, 

consequently results  extension, of the  or other fluid.

in transfer of heat. relationships between 

all forms of energy.

Radiation Heat Engine Specific Heat Generator ​a thing 
the heat required to
the emission of  a device for  raise the temperature that generates 
of the unit mass of a
energy as  producing motive  given substance by a something, in 
given amount
electromagnetic  power from heat,  particular.

waves or as moving  such as a gasoline 

subatomic particles,  engine or steam 

especially high-energy  engine.

particles that cause 

ionization,.

First Law of Conductor Kinetic Energy

Thermodynamics a person who directs  energy that a body 

the branch of physical  the performance of an  possesses by virtue 
orchestra or choir. of being in motion.
science that deals 

with the relations 
between heat and 
other forms of energy 
(such as mechanical, 
electrical, or chemical 
energy), and, by 
extension, of the 
relationships between 
all forms of energy.

2. Provide a diagram showing molecular motion in Solids, Liquids, and gases.
*How are they different?

The molecules make up a solid they are still and sturdy while the liquid moves
around more then solid but less than gas around and is less sturdy. The gas
moves around a lot and is hardly sturdy.

3. Discuss the energy needed to change a 15 gram ice cube into steam. Use a
graph and one calculation from our unit on Phase Changes.

Heat = m * Heat of Fusion
15gx80p/g
1200cal

Heat = m * Change in Temperature (100-0) * SH of Water (1 cal/gC)
15g*100*1
1500

Heat = m * Heat of Vaporization

15*540
8100cal

10,8

4. What is the difference between Heat and Temperature?
Provide a definition, picture and video link to help you review.
Definitions:
Heat” quantity of hotness
Temperature degree of hotness

Picture:

Video: ​https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TEnmark

5. Construct a graph showing the average monthly temperatures in Hartford, CT.,
a city on the equator and a city in the Southern Hemisphere.
Questions:

1. What do you notice about the temperatures?
2. How is heat transferred throughout the Earth?

january Hartford garbon Rio gallegos
30 81 57

february 31 79 57

march 38 81 52

april 51 79 46

may 59 81 41

june 69 77 36

july 74 77 36

august 73 77 39

september 66 77 45

october 54 79 48

november 45 79 52

december 34 79 55

4. How is Steam used to create electricity in Power Plants? Pick 2
A. Coal Plant

The hot gases and heat energy produced converts water – in tubes lining the boiler – into 
steam. The high pressure steam is passed into a turbine containing thousands of 
propeller-like blades.
B. Natural Gas Plant
C. Nuclear Plant
Nuclear​ energy originates from the splitting of uranium atoms – a process called fission. 
This generates heat to ​produce​ steam, which is u​ sed​ by a turbine generator to ​generate 
electricity​.
D. Where did Fossil Fuels originate?
E. What is the difference between Renewable and NonRenewable forms of energy?

Part II - Water, Orange Juice and Vegetable Oil
Write a reflection about this lab

Critical Thinking Questions
1. What happens to the molecules in each of the beakers as heat is added?
2. Which substance showed the greatest temperature change? Least? Use data
3. How does Average Kinetic Energy relate to this experiment?
5. Why is water a great substance to put into a car engine radiator?

Missed that day

5. Lab Experiment:
*Conduct an experiment that tests 3 different cups for their ability to insulate.
A. Conduct experiment
B. Create Data Table
C. Write short conclusion paragraph that relates your data to research about the
effectiveness of the 3 materials to provide insulation.

Critical Thinking - Choose 1​ out of 3 ​to research
Provide pictures
1. How did NASA protect the astronauts in their space vehicles from the harmful
radiation from space?

2. How is your home insulated? Research the “R” value system for insulation.
3. How does the atmosphere act as an insulator?

7. Lab Experiment: April 28-30
*Conduct an experiment to determine the Specific Heat of 3 different metals.
A. LAB TEMPLATE

object mass metal mass temp temp heat heat sh real
zinc water H2O metal gain loss metal specific
H2O metal heat

29.3 25.1-2 75-25. 140 140 0.0958 0.093
100 3.7 1

III. Data Analysis/Conclusions
Purpose
Hypothesis correct?
Data to support your hypothesis

B. LAB RUBRIC - Focus on DATA ANALYSIS SECTION
C. Research a Phenomenon in nature that relates to Specific Heat

8. SPECIFIC HEAT WORKSHEET
WORKSHEET LINK​ - Use this worksheet and show your work
Video Lessons:

1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4RkDJDDnIss
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2uHQLZ3gJAc
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tU-7gQ1vtWo

DIRECTIONS:​ Heat​ = mass * change in temperature * Specific Heat

1. A 15.75-g piece of iron absorbs 1086.75 joules of heat energy, and its temperature

changes from 25°C to 175°C. Calculate the specific heat capacity of iron.

Heat​ = mass * change in temperature * Specific Heat

15.75 * 1086.75 * 175 =2​ 995354.6875

2. How many joules of heat are needed to raise the temperature of 10.0 g of aluminum from

22°C to 55°C, if the specific heat of aluminum is 0.90 J/g°C?

Heat​ = mass * change in temperature * Specific Heat

10.0 * 22 .90 = 198

3. To what temperature will a 50.0 g piece of glass raise if it absorbs 5275 joules of heat and

its specific heat capacity is 0.50 J/g°C? The initial temperature of the glass is 20.0°C.

mass * change in temperature * Specific Heat

​ 50.0 * 5275 * .50 = 1​ 31875