REVISION SLIDES_EIS_2022 05

REVISION CLASS ON EIS
Chapter 1-4, 6 & 8-9
BT Level PLO
Course Learning Outcome (CLO) PLO6
PLO8
CLO1 Discuss the functions of professional bodies and the roles C2 PLO11
CLO2 C4 PLO7
CLO3 of engineers in the society including the importance of C3
CLO4
occupational health and safety (OSH).
Explain the importance of standards, quality, law,

intellectual property, ethics, morality, and code of

practice for engineers in engineering profession.
Apply the engineering design process and the

importance of project management in organizations.

Analyze the social and environmental implications of C4
technological developments including sustainable
developments, risk management and OSH issues.

Engineering Disciplines
1. Civil Eng. (CIVIL)
2. Electrical & Electronics Eng.(E&E)
3. Mechanical Eng.
4. Computer Engineering (Artificial

Intelligence)

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CIVIL ENGINEERS

• They considered one of the oldest engineering disciplines,
encompasses many specialties.

• The major ones are structural, water resources, construction,
transportation, and geotechnical engineering

• They design and supervise the construction of roads, buildings,
airports, tunnels, dams, bridges, and water supply and sewage
systems.

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CIVIL ENGINEERS

• They consider many factors in the design process
like construction costs and expected lifetime of a project to
government regulations and potential environmental hazards
such as earthquakes and hurricanes.
• Many civil engineers hold supervisory or administrative
positions, from supervisor of a construction site to city
engineer.
• Others may work in design, construction, research, and
teaching.

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS

• Electrical engineers specialize in areas such as power
systems engineering or electrical equipment manufacturing.

• They design, develop, test, and supervise the manufacture
of electrical equipment.

 Some of this equipment includes electric motors; machinery
controls, lighting, and wiring in buildings; radar and navigation
systems; communications systems; and power generation, control,
and transmission devices used by electric utilities.

• Electrical engineers also design the electrical systems of
automobiles and aircraft.

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ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS

• Electronics engineers, are responsible for a wide
range of technologies, from portable music
players to global positioning systems (GPS),

• They design, develop, test, and supervise the
manufacture of electronic equipment such as
broadcast and communications systems.

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ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS

• Many electronics engineers also work in areas
closely related to computers.
• They specialize in areas such as communications,
signal processing, control systems and aviation
electronics.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERS

• Mechanical engineers research, design,
develop, manufacture, and test tools, engines,
machines, and other mechanical devices. .

• They work on power-producing machines such
as electric generators, internal combustion
engines, and steam and gas turbines.

• They work in manufacturing or agriculture production,

maintenance, or technical sales;

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MECHANICAL ENGINEERS

• They work on machines such as refrigeration and air-
conditioning equipment, machine tools, material-handling
systems, elevators and escalators, industrial production
equipment, and robots used in manufacturing.

• They design tools that other engineers need for their work.
• Many become administrators or managers.

Electronic Eng.(Communication) (E&CE)

• Communication Engineering is the branch of engineering that deals
with communications technology development and operations,
including telecommunications and computer networks.

• Electronic communications engineers conceptualize, design, test and
oversee the manufacturing of communications and broadcast
systems. They mainly work to integrate electronics and
communications into any system they develop. These professionals
might work for commercial, industrial, military or scientific
companies.

• Electronic communications engineering is the utilization of science
and math applied to practical problems in the field
of communications. Electronic communications engineers engage in
research, design, development and testing of
the electronic equipment used in various communications systems.

Computer Engineering (Artificial Intelligence)

• The learning of AI, Computer and Engineering to grasp a keen
understanding of the technology, its history, functionality and
challenges in the application of AI.

• Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a general term that implies the use of
a computer to model and/or replicate intelligent behavior. Research
in AI focuses on the development and analysis of algorithms that
learn and/or perform intelligent behavior with minimal human
intervention.

• It Covers the core theoretical foundations and provides advanced
algorithmic, statistical and computer engineering knowledge.

• the design, modeling, analysis, and applications of AI through
machine vision, language, signal processing and robotics

Government regulation of engineers

In Malaysia, the Registration of Engineers Act 1967 (Act 138) regulates the
practice of professional engineering.
The purpose of this Act is to establish a regulatory body that is known as the
Board of Engineers Malaysia (BEM).
The Act requires engineers to have the following traits:

 Possession of recognized engineering education, experience and skills,
 Willingness to adopt lifelong learning activities to enhance professional knowledge and stay

abreast of technological changes
 Possession of a sense of responsibility towards public safety in performing professional

services
 Possession of a sense of loyalty, honesty and responsibility to employers and clients.
 Willingness to uphold the dignity, high standing and reputation of the engineering profession,

and also to comply with the Code of Professional Conduct.

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The functions of BEM

Regulating the conduct and ethics of the engineering profession.
Accrediting academic qualifications.
Approving or rejecting applications for registration.
Keeping and maintaining the register.
Fixing the scale of fees.
Acting as a stakeholder in a contract for professional engineering services.
Promoting continued learning and education.

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The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia (IEM)

IEM plays a role as a professional learned society for engineers.

The main functions of IEM are to promote and advance the science and profession of
engineering and to facilitate the exchange of information and ideas related to
engineering.

Different from BEM, the institution is a non-governmental body.

As opposed to BEM whose Board Members are appointed by the Minister of Works,
the IEM Members of the Council are mostly appointed by Corporate Members
through elections.

In its effort to promote the profession of engineering, IEM holds meetings, forums,
seminars, conferences, talks, exhibitions and visits, and has its own publications. It is
also active in organizing educational and social activities.

IEM also conducts Professional Interviews for graduate members to help them meet
one of the requirements for registration as Professional Engineers. Upon passing the
interview, the candidate would be admitted as a Corporate Member of IEM.
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Professional Engineers

Most practicing engineers in Malaysia are either Graduate Engineers or Professional Engineers.
Registration of Graduate Engineers with BEM is mandatory. A Graduate Engineer is a person registered
under Section 10(1a), Registration of Engineers (Amendment) Act 2007.
An engineer can choose to become a Professional Engineer. A Professional Engineer is a person
registered under Section 10(2), Registration of Engineers (Amendment) Act 2007.
In practical terms, the primary purpose of becoming a Professional Engineer is to permit the person to
submit engineering documents to the authority.
Professional engineer may practice, carry on business or take up employment which requires
professional engineering services. Under the Act, professional engineering services refer to
engineering services in connection with any feasibility study, planning, survey, design, construction,
commissioning, operation, maintenance and management of engineering works and include any other
services approved by the Board.

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Roles of EAC
Engineering Accreditation Council

• Formulates and updates accreditation policies and criteria.
• Approves guidelines and operating procedures.
• Oversees operational arrangements and appoints evaluation

panel.
• Receives evaluation reports and decides on accreditation.
• Responds to complaints, appeals or any proposals for change.

• Oversees development and operation of accreditation and mutual
recognition agreement with other countries.

• Fosters the dissemination of developments and best practices
in engineering education.

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Why Need Accreditation?

Recognition by Malaysian Government, under
REGISTRATION OF ENGINEERS ACT 1967
(Revised 2002)

• An accredited engineering degree means the degree is
recognized by the Malaysian government.

• It is also a sign of the degree being of high quality and the
holder of the degree has already attained a certain level of
knowledge, skill and maturity of thought related to the
relevant discipline.

• A person with accredited engineering degree may be able to
work for the government, as well as private sector.

• He/she may subsequently become a Professional Engineer.

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Why Need Accreditation?

International Mobility (Washington Accord)

•The Washington Accord (WA): Agreement that establishes
equivalence of other countries’ accredited professional
engineering programs.

• Accredited Engineering Graduates are recognized by other
signatory countries - Possible employment as engineers in
those countries without further examinations.

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IDEA

1. I –Identify
2. D-Develop
3. E-Execute
4. A-Assess

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Engineering Design steps

1. Identifying the problem
2. Gathering needed information
3. Searching for creative solutions
4. Overcoming obstacles to creative thinking
5. Moving from ideas to preliminary designs
6. Evaluating and selecting a preferred solution
7. Preparing reports, plans, and specifications (Project

Planning)
8. Implementing the design (Project Implementation)
9. Monitor

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Gathering Needed Information

• The needed information could be physical measurements,
maps, results of laboratory experiments, patents, results of
opinion surveys, or any number of other types of
information.

• Information on related problems that have been solved or
unsolved may help engineers find the best solution.

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Searching for Creative Solutions 22

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adopting a different point of view.

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Searching for Creative Solutions (Cont.)

• One of the simplest methods for generating new
ideas is to make a checklist. The checklist
encourages the user to examine various points,
areas, and design possibilities.

• With attribute listing, all the major characteristics
or attributes of a product, object, or idea are
isolated and listed. Then, for each attribute, list
ideas as to how each of the attributes could be
changed.

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Searching for Creative Solutions (Cont…)

• The forced relationship technique takes a
fixed element, such as the product or some
idea related to the product, and forces it to
take on the attributes of another unrelated
element. This forms the basis of a free
flowing list of associations from which
hopefully new ideas will emerge.

• People sometimes stretch their minds by
adopting different points of view.

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Evaluating & Selecting a Preferred Solution

• Criteria to evaluate and select the preferred
solution include prototype testing and scale
modeling.

• Identification of weak areas will allow the
design to be improved.

• For products, the criteria may also include
safety, cost, reliability, and consumer
acceptability.

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Engineering Design steps

1. Identifying the problem
2. Gathering needed information
3. Searching for creative solutions
4. Overcoming obstacles to creative thinking
5. Moving from ideas to preliminary designs
6. Evaluating and selecting a preferred solution
7. Preparing reports, plans, and specifications (Project

Planning)
8. Implementing the design (Project Implementation)
9. Monitor

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Definition Project/Management 27

• A project is a unique set of coordinated
activities, with definite starting and finishing
points undertaken by an individual or an
organization to meet specific objectives with
defined schedule, cost and performance
parameters.

• A project management is the discipline of
organizing and managing resources in such a
way that these resources deliver all the works
required to complete a project within defined
scope, time and cost constraints.
(British Standards Institution)

Characteristics of a Project

1. Has a specific goal.
2. Has a set of different activities to do.
3. Has a definite start and finish date.
4. Consumes resources.
5. Has uncertainty and risk.
6. Unique in some way.

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Project Life Cycle

1. Defining stage – consists of the inception and
feasibility stages.

2. Planning stage – planning is carried out with
regard to the project scheduling, budget and
quality level desired.

3. Execution stage – the production of physical
product.

4. Delivering stage – completion and handing over
of the project to the owner. This may also
include repair and maintenance activities. The
project cycle is concluded by a demolition or
decommissioning activity.

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Example: Gantt Chart for a product development

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What is Risk?

• Risk is an unwanted negative consequence of an
event of which the possible undesirable outcome can
be identified, predicted and quantified.

• Uncertainty is an unknown situation, where its
possible outcome cannot be analysed or predicted.
E.g. CLIMATE uncertainty.

What can you do about Risk?

• Risk lends itself to statistical analysis.

• Risk can be statistically analysed for being
prepared to face it.

• The methods of resolving risks are by:

1. eliminated,
2. reduced,
3. transferred to a third party at a cost and
4. managed for a profit.

BEM

CODE OF CONDUCT OF REGISTERED PERSON

This Code of Conduct is in addition to Part IV, Code of Conduct of
the Registration of Engineers Regulations 1990.

Registered person as,
1.0 PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER WITH PRACTISING CERTIFICATE
2.0 PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER
3.0 GRADUATE ENGINEER
4.0 ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGIST
5.0 INSPECTOR OF WORKS

Professionalism

Professionalism is the attitude, conduct, standards and views that characterize
a profession.
The characteristics of professionalism are:
 Possess specialized engineering knowledge and skills
 Is honest and impartial in performing jobs
 Have constant interest in improving the profession
 Support societies that represent the engineering profession

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Code of Professional Conduct

An engineer must be conversant with the Code of Professional Conduct of engineers.
An engineer must understand the need for responsibility and liability as stipulated in the Code
of Professional Conduct.
An engineer must respond promptly to complaints and enquiries by clients or authorities.
An engineer should not solicit or tout.
An engineer should not knowingly mislead the public by giving misrepresented information so
as to gain commercial advantage or mileage.
An engineer should not respond to an open advertisement to bid for provision of professional
service if such provision for the service requires a bidding fee or equivalent as is usually
imposed on contract contractors.
An engineer should avoid favourtism among vendors and other suppliers.
Reference: Guidelines for Code of Professional Conduct. BEM Circular No. 3/2005

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Categories on the Code of Professional Conduct

Professional integrity

Professional integrity is the practice of maintaining appropriate ethical behavior. It is
the practice of showing strong adherence to moral and ethical principles and values
such as honesty, honor, dependability and trustworthiness

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Conflict of interest

A conflict of interest involves a person or entity that has two relationships competing
with each other for the person's loyalty. For example, the person might have a loyalty
to an employer and also loyalty to a family business. Each of these businesses expects
the person to have its best interest first.

Loyalty to other members of the profession

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SUSTAINABLITY

SUSTAINABLITY

• The terms Sustainable and Sustainability are used to describe many
different approaches towards improving way of life. Sustainability
does not (and should not) have a rigid definition. Here are some views
of what Sustainability can encompass…
Examples:
1. Sustainability is an attempt to merge ecology and economy into one
system.

2. Sustainability means living a life of dignity in harmony with nature.

SUSTAINABLITY

• Sustainability is creating a world where everyone can have
fulfilling lives and enjoy a rich level of well-being within the
limits of what nature can provide.

• Sustainability means taking the long-term view of how our
actions effect future generations and making sure we don't
deplete resources or cause pollution at rates faster than the
earth is able to renew them

ECO-TOWN/ ECO-CITY

• An urban development based on the sustainability
principles: Social, Economic, Environment aspects.

• Social aspect – health and wellbeing of the citizens,
participation of women, elderly, safe environment etc.

• Economic aspect -cost effective developments, self-
sustaining city in terms of the economic activity, etc. )

• Environment aspect– waste management, zero waste, less
pollution etc.



ECO-TOWN/ ECO-CITY (Contd..)

• Industries located in the designated 'eco-town' area
pursue in resource utilisation, waste management,
environmental preservation, and promotion of industrial
and economic development

• They practice resource efficiency within their
manufacturing process and in between the industries.

• The eco-town approach enhances productivity and
simultaneously reduces the negative impacts on the
environment through tools, techniques and technologies
adopted for the specific purpose.

ECO-TOWN/ ECO-CITY (Contd..)

• The typical scope of an eco-town not
only covers integrated waste
management with the objective of
achieving sustainable patterns of
production and consumption.

• But can also be expanded to
encompass the practice of 5Rs, green
planning, green purchasing, efficient
use and conservation of natural
resources (raw material, energy and
water) and air emission controls etc.

https://images.app.goo.gl/xGXgrNMMAXVkdfxE8

Intellectual Property (IP)
- A property that arises from the human
intellect. It is a product of human creation.
- - The creation of the human intellectual
process & is therefore the product of the
human intellect or mind.

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Intellectual Property

• It is an intangible form of property.
• It is a personal property.
• It is a basic form of property.
• It is based on information.

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Categories of Intellectual Property

Industrial Property includes
1. patents for inventions,
2. trademarks,
3. industrial designs and
4. geographical indications.
Copyright covers literary works, films, music, artistic works
and architectural design.

Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)

Intellectual property rights are like any other property right.

These rights are outlined in Article 27 of the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights.

The importance of intellectual property was first recognized
in the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial
Property (1883) and the Berne Convention for the
Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (1886). Both
treaties are administered by the World Intellectual Property
Organization (WIPO).

Why promote and protect intellectual property?

The progress and well-being of humanity rest on its
capacity to create and invent new works in the areas of
technology and culture.
The legal protection of new creations encourages the
commitment of additional resources for further innovation.
The promotion and protection of intellectual property spurs
economic growth, creates new jobs and industries, and
enhances the quality and enjoyment of life.

Patent

A patent is an exclusive right granted for an invention – a
product or process that provides a new way of doing
something, or that offers a new technical solution to a
problem.
A patent provides patent owners with protection for their
inventions. Protection is granted for a limited period,
generally 20 years.

Patent Protection

Patent protection means an invention cannot be
commercially made, used, distributed or sold without the
patent owner’s consent.
To stop third parties who have independently reached the
same ideas from exploiting them without the licence of the
IP rights owner.