4. Video Card – it is used to process images so they can be displayed in
the monitor. A good video card can result to quality of the graphics, so
this is important in playing games, photography and video. Using a
dedicated video card may improve overall system performance
because it includes its own RAM, power regulators, and cooling so that
the system RAM and CPU can be used for other things.
50 | P a g e
SELF-CHECK 1.5-1
Directions: Identify the following. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.
______________1. An integrated electronic circuit that performs the
calculations that run a computer.
______________2. It is an internal storage area in the computer system.
______________3. It is used to process images so they can be displayed in
the monitor.
______________4. It refers to how much disk space one or more storage
devices provide.
51 | P a g e
Read the Information Sheet very well then find out how much you can remember and
how much you learned by doing Self-check 1.5-1A
Information Sheet 1.5-1A
Correct Specifications of Requirements the Relevant Sources
Conversion and Calculation
Capacity and Speed
1. Date Storage
Samsung 2TB (HD204UI) hard Disk Drive
Capacity- 2 TB
Interface- Serial ATA 3.0Gbps
Buffer DRAM Size- 32 MB
2. Memory
JEDEC Standard
DDR3 Speed Grade: 1333 Mbps
Unbuffered DIMM: 240-pin
Memory Organization: x8 FBGA DRAM chip
DDR3 DRAM interface: SSTL_15
CAS Latency: 9-9-9
Bandwidth: 10660MB/s
52 | P a g e
3. Processor
TECH SPECS
Essentials
Product Collections : 7th Generations Intel*
Core I5 Processors : i5 – 7400
Processor Number
Performance
# of Cores :4
Max Turbo Frequency : 3.50 GHz
Cache : 6MB SmartCache
TDP : 65 W
# of Threads :4
Bus Speed : 8 GT/s DMI3
4. Video Card
Asus GeForce GTX750 TI 2GB 128-bit GDDR5
Performance graphics (GTX750TI-OC-2GD5)
Graphics Engine – NVIDIA GeForce GTX 750 Ti
Bus Standard - PCI Express 3.0
Video Memory - GDDR5 2GB
Engine Clock - GPU Boost Clock: 1150 MHz
- GPU Base Clock: 1072 MHz
CUDA Core - 640
Memory Clock - 1350 MHz (5400 MHz GDDR5)
Memory Interface - 128-bit
Resolution - DVI Max Resolution: 2560x1600
- Digital Max Resolution: 4096x2160
Interface - D-Sub output: Yes x 1
- DVI output: Yes x 2 (DVI-D)
- HDMI Output: Yes x 1
- HDCP Support: Yes
Power Consumption- up to 150W1 additional 6 pin PCIe power
53 | P a g e
Software Required
Asus Feature - ASUS GPU tweak & Driver
- OC series
Dimensions - Super Alloy Power
- 8.58” x 4.527” x 1.53” inch
- 21.8 x 11.5 x 3.9 Centimeter
Sample of Animation Software and their System Requirements
ADOBE FLASH CS 6 ADOBE ANIMATE CC TOON BOOM
HARMONY
Windows Windows Windows
Intel Pentium 4 Intel Pentium 4 Intel Core i7 3.4
or AMD Athlon or Intel GHz, Intel Core i5
64 processor Centrino, Intel 3GHz
Microsoft Xeon, or Intel Windows 7, 8.1,
Windows XP or Core Duo 10 (64 bit)
Windows 7 and Microsoft 32 GB of RAM,
Windows 8 Windows 7,
8.1,10 (64 bit) 4 GB, 8GB, 16
2 GB of RAM GB memory
( 3GB 2 GB of RAM (8
recommended) GB 1280 x800 display
recommended) (1920 x 1080
3.5 GB of recommended)
available hard- 4 GB of
disk space available hard- MAC OS
1024 x 768 disk space for Mac OS 10.10.5,
display (1280 x installation 10.11.6, 10.12.6,
800 1024 x 900 10.13.3
recommended) display (1280 x Intel Core i5 (Intel
1024 Core i17
Java Runtime recommended) recommended)
Environment 1.6
DVD-ROM drive Internet 8 GB Memory or
connection and Higher
Quick Time registration are
7.6.6 software necessary for 1280 x 800
required for software display (1920 x
multimedia activation. 1080
features recommended)
54 | P a g e
Some features MAC OS Intel HD Graphics
in Adobe Bridge Multicore Intel 5000- Video Card
rely on a processor
DirectX 9- NVIDIA GeForce
capable video Mac OS X GT 640M
adapter with at v10.11 (64 bit)
least 64 MB of or v10.12 (64 Intel Iris Pro
VRAM bit) Graphics 6200
1536 MB
MAC OS 2 GB of RAM ( 8 recommended
Multicore Intel GB
processor recommended)
Mac OS X v
10.6.8 or v 10.7 4 GB of
2GB of RAM available hard-
(3 GB disk space for
recommended) installation
4GB of
available hard- 1024 x 900
disk space for display (1280 x
installation 1024
1024 x 768 recommended)
display (1280 x
800 Quick Time 10.
recommended) X software
Java Runtime recommended
Environment 1.6
DVD-ROM drive Internet
Quick Time connection and
7.6.6 software registration are
required for necessary for
multimedia required
features. software
activation.
55 | P a g e
SELF-CHECK 1.5-1A
Directions: Identify the correct specifications on the following animation
software. Choose from the options below. Write the letter on a separate sheet
of paper.
E. Windows
Intel Pentium 4 or AMD Athlon 64 processor
Microsoft Windows XP or Windows 7 and Windows 8
2 GB of RAM ( 3GB recommended)
3.5 GB of available hard-disk space
1024 x 768 display (1280 x 800 recommended)
Java Runtime Environment 1.6
DVD-ROM drive
Quick Time 7.6.6 software required for multimedia features
Some features in Adobe Bridge rely on a DirectX 9-capable video
adapter with at least 64 MB of VRAM
F. Windows
Intel Pentium 4 or Intel Centrino, Intel Xeon, or Intel Core Duo
Microsoft Windows 7, 8.1,10 (64 bit)
2 GB of RAM (8 GB recommended)
4 GB of available hard-disk space for installation
1024 x 900 display (1280 x 1024 recommended)
Internet connection and registration are necessary for software
activation.
G. Windows
Intel Core i7 3.4 GHz, Intel Core i5 3GHz
Windows 7, 8.1, 10 (64 bit)
32 GB of RAM,
4 GB, 8GB, 16 GB memory
1280 x800 display (1920 x 1080 recommended)
1. TOON BOOM HARMONY
2. ADOBE FLASH CS 6
3. ADOBE ANIMATE CC
56 | P a g e
Read the Information Sheet very well then find out how much you can remember
and how much you learned by doing Self-check 1.5-2
Information Sheet 1.5-2
Carry Out Mensuration and Calculation
Computer use binary codes to represent and interpret letters,
numbers and special characters with bits. A commonly used code is the
American Standard Code for information Interchange. With ASCII, each
character is represented by a string of bits.
For example:
Capital Letter A = 0100 0001
Number 9 = 0000 1001
Special Character # = 0010 0011
Calculating Data Storage
While a bit is the smallest representation of data, the most basic unit
of digital storage is the byte. When referring to storage space, we use the
terms bytes (B), kilobytes (KB), megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), and
terabytes (TB).
Bits
Bit is the smallest unit of measurement used to quantify computer
data. While single bit can define a Boolean value of True (1) or False (0), an
individual bit has little other use. Therefore, in computer storage, bits are often
grouped together in 8-bit cluster called bytes.
Bytes
A byte is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of
eight bits. The byte was the number of bits used to encode a single character
of text in a computer and for this reason it is the smallest addressable unit of
memory in many computer architectures.
Kilobytes
Kilobyte is the smallest unit of measurement greater than a byte. It
precedes the megabyte, which contains 1,000,000 bytes. While one kilobyte
is equal to 1,000 bytes.
Megabytes
a megabyte is equal to 1,000,000 bytes. One megabyte is equal to
1,000 kilobytes.
57 | P a g e
Gigabytes
Gigabyte is a unit of storage capacity for computer data and memory
equal to about one billion bytes. An example of a gigabyte is about 200 songs
stored on an mp3 player.
Terabytes
When talking about data storage, systems are often measured in
terabytes, but most files seen on a daily basis are stored in gigabytes or
megabytes. One terabyte (TB) is equal to 1,000 gigabytes (GB) or 1,000,000
megabytes (MB).
Within a computer, information is represented and stored in a digital
binary format. The term bit is an abbreviation of binary digit and represents
the smallest piece of data, 8 bits = 1 byte
A bit can have only two possible values, a one (1) digit or a zero
(0) digit.
A bit can be used to represent the state of something that has two
states.
For example, a light switch can be either On or Off in binary
representation, these states would correspond to 1 and 0,
respectively.
Each group of 8 bits, such as the representation of letters and numbers is
known as a byte.
Code can be used to represent almost any type of information digitally:
computer data, graphics, photos, voice, video, and music.
How to Convert a Decimal Number to Binary?
To convert a decimal number to binary
1. Divide the number by 2
2. Get the quotient and the remainder
3. Bring down the quotient, divide it by 2, and get the quotient and
remainder again
4. Do it repeatedly until the quotient results to 0.
5. Copy the remainder from the bottom to top, and that is the binary
equivalent.
Example: Decimal Number 25 Quotient Remainder
12 1
25 ÷ 2 6 0
12 ÷2 3 0
6 ÷2 1 1
3÷2 0 1
1÷2
58 | P a g e
Checking 25 = 10011- Binary Equivalent 0 1
Multiplier 2 1
1 10 0 1
Equivalents 16 8 4
Results 16 8 0
16 + 8 + 1 = 25
Quantities of Bytes
Common Prefix Binary Prefix
Name Symbol Decimal Binary Name Symbol Binary
JEDEC
kilobyte SI IEC
megabyte 210
gigabyte KB/kB 10³ 220 kibibyte KiB 210
terabyte 230
petabyte MB 10⁶ 240 mebibyte MiB 220
exabyte 250
zellabyte GB 10⁹ 260 gibibyte GiB 230
yellabyte 270
TB 1012 280 tebibyte TiB 240
PB 1016 pebibyte PiB 250
EB 1018 exbibyte EiB 260
ZB 1021 zebibyte ZiB 270
YB 1024 yetibyte YiB 280
In general, when something is represented digitally, the greater the
detail, the greater the number of bits needed to represent it. A low-resolution
picture from a digital camera will use around 360KB, and a high-resolution
picture could use 2MB or more.
Kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, and terabytes are typically used to
measure the size or storage capacity of a device. Examples of components
and devices that use byte storage include: random access memory (RAM),
hard disk drive space, CDs, DVDs, and MP3 players.
CDs have a data storage capacity of approximately 700 MB. DVDs
have a data storage capacity of approximately 4.3 GB on a single-layer disc,
and approximately 8.5 GB on a dual-layer disc. BCs have a storage capacity
of 25 GB on a single-layer disc, and 50 GB on a dual-layer disc.
Once we know the size of a file or folder, it is possible to determine
the number of bytes being used.
For example:
A file is 20 KB in size
1 KB = 1,024 Bytes
20 x 1,024 = 20, 480 bytes in a 20 KB file
59 | P a g e
If a 20 KB file is stored in a 1MB folder (1 MB = 1,048,576 bytes of space):
then approximately a total of 51 files of the same size can be stored in that
folder (1,048,576 / 20.480 = 512).
60 | P a g e
SELF-CHECK 1.5-2
A. Direction: Convert the decimal numbers shown below to binary.
1) 19= Quotient Remainder
Solutions
2) 28= Quotient Remainder
Solutions
3) 37= Quotient Remainder
Solutions
B. Directions: Solve the problems indicated below. Show your solution.
1. How many 60 KB jpg files can be stored on a 2 MB folder in your hard
drive?
2. How many 5 MB mp3 files can be stored on a 1GB flash drive?
3. How many 750 MB avi files can be stored on a 4.3 GB DVD-R?
Congratulations! You did a great job! Rest and relax a
while then move on to the next lesson. Good luck!
61 | P a g e
DepEd Track/Strand : TLE/TVL- Information Communication Technology
(ICT)
Specialization : Animation NC II
Unit of Competency : Prepare and Interpret Technical Drawing
DepEd Code : TLE_ICTAN9-12ID-Ig-1 / TLE_ICTAN9-12ID-Ih-2
TR Unit Code :
LO 1. Identify different kinds of technical drawings.
LO 2. Interpret technical drawing.
Content Standard:
The learner demonstrates an understanding of the concepts and underlying
principles of preparing and interpreting technical drawings in animation.
Performance Standard:
The learner independently and accurately prepares and interprets technical
drawing.
Time Allotment: 8 hours
INTRODUCTION
This module is designed to familiarize student with technical drawings in
animation and to have basic knowledge and skills on basic symbols used or
applied in creating a flowchart.
This is also designed to teach students how to interpret simple animation
flowchart.
SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES
Upon the completion of this module, you should be able to:
LO1. Identify different kinds of technical drawings.
1.1 Identify basic symbols used in technical drawing.
1.2 Select technical drawing in accordance with the job
requirement.
LO2. Interpret technical drawing.
2.1 Identify the basic symbols used in flow charting.
2.2 Interpret the symbols used in flow charting
2.3 Create a flowchart that depicts a simple scenario.
62 | P a g e
Read the Information Sheet very well then find out how much you can remember
and how much you learned by doing Self-check 1.6-1
Information Sheet 1.6-1
Technical Drawing
Technical Drawing is the act of composing plans that visually
communicate ideas through some form of picture or drawing. Simple lines are
used to give a figure a life. In animation production pipeline, drawing basic
shapes would be a great help in the construction of character.
Equipment and Materials Used in Technical Drawing
1. Drawing Pencil – This is one of the most important tools in drawing,
comes from various grades. The grade of pencil to be used depends
on the type of line work required.
c. Hard Pencils – are used in sketching and where extreme
accuracy is required especially working on graphs, diagrams
and charts. (H to 9H)
d. Medium Pencils – are used for general purpose work in
drawing. ( F, HB
e. Soft Pencils – are too soft to be used in mechanical drafting.
They are very useful for art work of various kinds, specifically
for shading. (B to 9B)
63 | P a g e
2. T – Square – it is a drawing instrument used when making horizontal
line. It is also used for guiding triangles when drawing vertical and
inclined lines.
Three (3) Types of T- Square
a. Fixed Head – The head is fastened to the blade.
b. Movable or Adjustable Head – It has an adjustable head
which can be adjust to any angle and used only for
occasional drawing.
c. Detachable or Removable Head – it is designed for comfort
when carrying the T- square.
3. Set of Triangles – It is a three-sided ruler, which typically made of
plastic. It is used as guide in drawing vertical and inclined lines.
Commonly used triangles are:
a. 30 degrees x 60 degrees triangle
b. 45 x 45 degrees triangle
64 | P a g e
4. Ruler – used to measure short distances.
5. Drawing Paper – It has different size to choose from.
A4 - 210 mm X 297 mm
A3 – 297 mm X 420 mm
A2 – 420 mm X 594 mm
A1 – 594 mm X 841 mm
A0 - 841 mm X 1189 mm
Line Drawing and Scales
A scale is the ration of the length and size of an element of an object in
the drawing to the real length and size of the same element of the object.
Designation of a scale consists of the word “SCALE” followed by the
indication of its ratio:
SCALE: 1 : 1 for full size
SCALE: 2 : 1 for enlargement scales
SCALE: 1 : 2 for reduction
Line weight helps to convey meaning to a technical drawing. The
production of good quality lines may range from correct weight to correct size.
Line weight gives meaning to a technical drawing:
Important objects can be highlighted by using heavier lines
Elevations on the objects nearer to the viewer can be darker to make it
appear closer.
Grid lines may be drawn faintly so as not to overcrowd the rest of the
drawing.
Dimension lines can be drawn in fine line.
65 | P a g e
Symbols Used in Technical Drawing
NAME OF SYMBOLS DESCRIPTION/USES
SYMBOLS
A medium thick line used to
Visible Line/ represent the visible edges of the
Object Line object.
Represented by a series of
Hidden Line medium weight dashes used to
show the hidden or invisible
Center Line edges of an object.
Used to show the center of holes
of circular object or shape.
Dimension Line Used to show the size
Extension Line (dimensions) of an object; spans
from one extension line to the
next, has arrowhead at both
ends, and is broken in the middle
fro the measurement number
(dimension).
Indicates the limit of a dimension
line.
Section Line Used to show a surface that has
been cut in a section view. The
Cutting Plane Line surface indicated with section
Leader Line line is presumed to be solid
Reference Line portion.
Short Break Line
Used to show where a section
has been taken; arrows on the
end show the direction in which
the section was taken.
Used to direct descriptive major
information, notes, or special
dimensions to features on the
drawing and done mechanically.
An irregular fine curve line with
an arrowhead at one end used
for indicating the measurement
and name of a part.
Used to show that part of the
object has been removed or
broken away. Applicable for
small objects only.
66 | P a g e
Long Break Line A break line which are solid with
a Z symbol inserted in several
places and done mechanically
and applicable for big objects
only.
Drawing a Straight Line
1. Hold the pencil naturally.
2. Spot the beginning and end point.
3. Swing the pencil back and forth between the points, barely touching the
paper until the direction is clearly established.
4. Draw the line firmly with free and easy writ-and-arm motion.
67 | P a g e
Projection
To be able to draw a technical drawing, you should understand
projection. Technical drawing is the representation of a three-dimensional
component on a two- dimensional drawing. The three typical views expressed
in a projection are called Three-panel image. Three-panel screen with top,
front, and side views as shown below.
Basic Strokes
There are 4 basic strokes in drawing, straight vertical, straight
horizontal, slanted line, and curved strokes.
Example of application of basic strokes.
68 | P a g e
Freehand Sketching
This technique is very relevant for technical drawing. It is something
done without the use of any instruments with straight edges except pencil.
You are free to bring ideas into mental pictures on a paper. Sometimes grid
technique can be used to sketch.
The grids serve as guide that help keep the lines straight and
proportioned.
To draw rounded corner using a grid, the corner is measured three-
unit vertical then join them together by an arc.
Grids are also useful in making freehand circles in proportion.
69 | P a g e
Ellipse can be sketched the same as the circle. Make small arcs on
each grid that is occupied by the ellipse and connect by an arc.
Sketching Technique
Creating proportional objects can be achieved using the circle
technique.
Steps:
1. Draw the three circles.
2. Draw the tangent lines to the
circles.
3. Connect by line each radius
perpendicular to the tangent lines.
4. Identify the connection points.
Just sketch the final shape with
a darker pencil.
70 | P a g e
ACTIVITYSHEET 1.6-1
Technical Drawing Techniques: Small Circle
Directions: Below is a simple activity for you to work on. Practice the task
following the given procedures.
Materials:
Drawing Paper
Eraser
Instrument:
Ruler or 30 x 60 or 45 degrees Triangle
Drawing Pencil or Mechanical Pencil (.05 mm.)
Equipment:
Drawing Board or Table
For Method 1
1. Lightly sketch the square and mark the
midpoints.
2. Draw light diagonals and mark the estimated
radius.
3. Draw the circle through the eight points.
71 | P a g e
For Method 2
1. Lightly draw a center.
2. Lightly draw a center
3. Sketch the full circle
72 | P a g e
Find out by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly and
sincerely. Remember it is your learning at stake!
Criteria for Assessment:
Criteria 5 Points 3 Points 1 Point Rating
Accuracy Majority of the
All lines are drawn There are 1 to 3 lines are
Neatness inappropriately
appropriately lines drawn.
Time
Management according to its inappropriately Finished output
have so many
standard. drawn erasures and
smudges.
according to its
Unable to
standard. finished the
given task.
Finished output Pleasing but
was neatly done, erasures and
pleasing, and no smudges are
erasures/smudges. observable on
the finished
output.
Finished the task 5 Finished the
minutes before the task on time.
given time.
Total
Rating Scale: Numerical Value Descriptive Value
Points Earned
91-100 Very Good
12-15 86-90 Good
8-11 81-85 Fair
4-7 75-80
1-3 Needs Improvement
Final Rating: ______________
Remarks: ________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
73 | P a g e
ACTIVITYSHEET 1.6-1A
Line Drawing Exercises
Direction: Below is a simple activity for you to work on. Practice the task
following the given procedures.
Materials:
Drawing Paper
Eraser
Instrument:
Ruler or 30 x 60 or 45-degree Triangle
Drawing Pencil or Mechanical Pencil (.05 mm.)
Equipment:
Drawing Board or Table
Direction: Draw the lines on separate drawing paper for each sample output
below. Complete the remaining spaces with the same line and maintain the
spacing throughout and keep the line density constant.
74 | P a g e
Find out by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly and
sincerely. Remember it is your learning at stake!
Criteria for Assessment:
Criteria 5 Points 3 Points 1 Point Rating
Accuracy Majority of the
All lines are drawn There are 1 to 3 lines are
Neatness inappropriately
appropriately lines drawn.
Time
Management according to its inappropriately Finished output
have so many
standard. drawn erasures and
smudges.
according to its
Unable to finish
standard. the given task.
Finished output Pleasing but
was neatly done, erasures and
pleasing, and no smudges are
erasures/smudges. observable on
the finished
output.
Finished the task 5 Finished the
minutes before the task on time.
given time.
Total
Rating Scale: Numerical Value Descriptive Value
Points Earned
91-100 Very Good
12-15 86-90 Good
8-11 81-85 Fair
4-7 75-80
1-3 Needs Improvement
Final Rating: ______________
Remarks: ________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
75 | P a g e
Read the Information Sheet very well then find out how much you can remember and
how much you learned by doing Self-check 1.6-2
Information Sheet 1.6-2
Basic Elements Used in Technical Drawing
Line is the most basic element of the technical drawing. It is what separates
one area of the drawing plane from the other.
Shape is the information that is presented between two or more lines, or is the
things that is enclosed by line.
Proportion is the size of one picture element in relation to the size of another.
Perspective is the illusion that further away things appear smaller. To make
something appear to be farther away from the viewer than the picture plane,
draw it smaller than the object that is closer to the picture plane.
76 | P a g e
Light and Shadow create depth and atmosphere in a drawing. In order to
make a drawing look realistic you need shadow that indicates something is in
front of and/or behind the object that would cause it to cast a shadow.
Other Elements used in Technical Drawing
1. Schematic Diagram is a picture that represents the components of a
process. It is commonly associated with electrical circuits, many
examples can be found in other industries.
2. Block Diagrams is a specialized high level flowchart used in
engineering. It is used to design new systems or to describe and
improve existing ones. Its structure provide a high-level overview of
major system component, key process participants, and important
working relationships.
77 | P a g e
3. Layout Plans is deciding on the best physical arrangement of all
resources that consume space within a facility. These resources might
include a desk, a work center, a cabinet, a person, an entire office, or
even a department.
4. Charts is a graphical representation of data in which the data is
represented by symbols, such as bar chart, lines in a line chart, or
slices in a pie chart.
5. Loop Diagram represents detailed drawing showing a connection from
one point to control system. It could be connection between field
instrument to control system or signal from control panel to control
system (vice versa).
78 | P a g e
SELF-CHECK 1.6-2
Directions: Identify the following elements used in technical drawing. Write
your answer on a separate paper.
___________ 1. It creates depth and atmosphere in a drawing. In order to
make a drawing look realistic you need shadow that
indicates something is in front of and/or behind the object
that would cause it to cast a shadow.
___________ 2. It refers to the size of one picture element in relation to the
size of another.
___________ 3. It’s an illusion that further away things appear smaller. To
make something appear to be farther away from the viewer
than the picture plane, draw it smaller than the object that is
closer to the picture plane.
___________ 4. The most basic element of the technical drawing. It’s what
separates one area of the drawing plane from the other.
___________ 5. The information that is presented between two or more
lines, or is the things that is enclosed by line.
79 | P a g e
Pre-Test
A. Directions: Match Column A with Column B. Write only the letter of the
correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Column A Column B
1. It is represented by a rectangle. It refers to an a. Decision
action in a business process.
2. It is represented by a diamond. A process that b. Process
can answer a decision of yes or no requires a
decision box.
3. It is represented by a small circle or a connector c. Arrow Line
box and is labeled using letters.
4. Drawn in one direction, preferably from top to d. Connector
bottom to keep a flowchart clear.
5. A process is represented by a rectangle with e. Sub-process
double lines on each side.
B. Directions: Interpret the flowchart.
Begin
Open File
Read Record
A
NO Print Print Name
Black Line Print Street
NOT! EOF Print City
YES
Close File
Print Two A
Blank Lines
End
80 | P a g e
Read the Information Sheet very well then find out how much you can remember and
how much you learned by doing Self-check 1.6-3
Information Sheet 1.6-3
Flowchart Interpretation
Flowchart
A Flowchart is a diagram that uses graphic symbols to depict the
nature and flow of the steps in a process. Another name for this tools is “flow
diagram”. It is useful tool to design an efficient business system and to trouble
shoot or improve an existing system. Its consists of elements, such as the
terminator, process, sub process, decision, arrow lines, and connectors.
Elements of a Flowchart
1. Terminator
A terminator is represented by a small rectangle with curved corners. A
terminator appears at the start and at the end of the flowchart. The
terminator appears only once on a single flowchart.
2. Process
A process is represented by a rectangle. It refers to an action in a
business process. It must be described clearly and concisely. A
process can be described using a single verb-noun phrase; for
example, “Order Office Supplies”. The same level of detail must be
kept in processes on a single flowchart.
3. Sub-process
A sub-process is represented by a rectangle with double lines on each
side. A sub-process is a major process that could be broken up into
simpler processes developed into another flowchart.
4. Decision
A decision is represented by a diamond. A process that can answer a
decision of “yes or “no” requires a decision box.
5. Connector
A connector is represented by a small circle or a connector box and is
labeled using letters. A flowchart written on a single page is clearer
than a flowchart on a several pages. a connector ensures that the
process are connected logically and correctly on several pages.
81 | P a g e
6. Arrow Lines
Arrow lines drawn in one direction, preferably from top to bottom, keep
a flowchart clear. Avoid arrow lines that loop because this could
indicate redundancy in the business process.
Benefits of Using Flowcharts
1. Promote understanding of a process.
2. Provide a tool for training employees.
3. Identify problem areas and opportunities for process inprovement,
decision points, redundant steps, and rework loops.
Basic Flowchart Sysbols
1. Oval- indicate both the starting point and the ending point of the
process steps.
2. Box- it represents an individual step or activity in the process.
3. Diamond- it shows a decision point, such as yes/no or go/no-go. Each
path emerging from the diamond must be labeled with one of the
possible answers.
4. Circle- it indicates that a particular step is connected to another page
or part of the flowchart. A letter placed in the circle clarifies the
continuation.
5. Triangle- it shows where an in-process measurement occurs.
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Example of a Simple Flowchart
START
PROCESS
NO
PROCESS DECISION
YES
PROCESS
END
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How Do You Interpret Flowchart?
A flowchart will help you understand your process and uncover ways
to improve it only if you use it to analyze what is happening. Interpreting your
flowchart will help you to:
Determine who is involved in the process.
Form theories about root causes.
Identify ways to streamline the process.
Determine how to implement changes to the process.
Locate cost-added-only steps.
Provide training on how the process works or should work.
Steps in analyzing a flowchart
1. Examine each process step for the following conditions that
indicate a need to improve the process. Bottlenecks, Weak Links,
Poorly defined steps
2. Examine each decision symbols. You may want to collect data on
how often there is a “yes” or “no” answer at decision points marked
by a diamond shaped symbols. It most decisions go one way rather
than the other, you may be able to remove this decision point.
3. Examine each rework loop. Processes with numerous checks
generate rework and waste. Examine the activities preceding the
rework loop and identify those that need to be improved. Look for
ways to shorten or eliminate the loop.
4. Examine each activity symbols. Does the step help build a key
quality characteristic into the end product? If not, consider
eliminating it.
Types of Flowchart
1. Process Flowchart. It illustrates how a process works or plan a
project. It is probably the most versatile of the four commonly used
flowchart types because it can be applied to virtually anything.
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2. Workflow Chart. Shows the way a business or process functions.
3. Swimlane Flowchart. It comes in handy when you need to show
multiple flows of information side by side. It describes how separate
departments; processes or employees interact.
4. Data Flowchart. It shows where data flows in and out of an information
system. It can be used to analyze any type of information flow, like how
information moves through a business.
5. Linear Flowchart. It is a diagram that displays the sequence of work
steps that make up a process.
Steps for Developing a Linear Flowchart
1. Define the process to be flowcharted, and the purpose for
flowcharting it.
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2. Assemble the right people to develop the flowchart- those operators,
technicians, or office workers who are actually involved in the process.
3. Establish process boundaries- the starting and ending points.
4. List the steps, activities, and decisions to be charted.
5. Put the steps in chronological sequence.
6. Assign flowchart symbols.
7. Review and title the flowchart.
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SELF-CHECK 1.6-3
A. Direction: Match Column A with Column B. write only the letter of the
correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Column A Column B
1. Indicates that a particular step is
A
connected to another page or B
part of the flowchart.
2. Shows a decision points such as
yes/no or go/no-go.
3. Indicates both the starting point C
and ending point of the process D
steps.
4. Shows where an in-process
measurement occurs.
5. Represents an individual step or E
activity in the process.
F
B. Directions: Arrange the following steps in developing a flowchart. Put a
number on the spaces before each number. Use a separate sheet of
paper for your answer.
______ Define the process to be flowcharted, and the purpose for
flowcharting it.
______ Establish process boundaries- the starting and ending points.
______ Put the steps in chronological sequence.
______ Assign flowchart symbols.
______ Review and title the flowchart.
______ Assemble the right people to develop the flowchart.
______ List the steps, activities, and decisions to be charted.
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ACTIVITY SHEET 1.6-3
Directions: Using the basic symbols used for flowchart, make your own
simple flowchart to illustrate the process of cleaning the computer parts and
peripherials properly. Include the given activities below.
1. Preparartion of cleaning tools
2. Identifying the pars to be cleaned
3. Cleaning the different peripherals
Scoring Rubrics
Preparation of 4 321
Flowcharts
All assigned Almost all Almost all Fewer than
Drawing details and assigned assigned 85% of the
elements details/ details and assigned
have been elements elements details and
added. The (85%) have 85% have elements are
details are been added. been added. present or
clear and The details A few details most details
easy to are clear and are difficult to are difficult to
identify. easy to identify. identify.
identify.
Interpretation of Scores Very Good
4 Good
3 Fair
2 Poor
1
Congratulations! You did a great job! Rest and relax a
while then move on to the next lesson. Good luck!
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DepEd Track/Strand : TLE/TVL- Information Communication Technology
(ICT)
Specialization : Animation NC II
Unit of Competency : Practice Occupational Health and Safety Procedures.
DepEd Code : TLE_ICTAN9-12OS-Ii-1 / TLE_ICTAN9-12OH-Ij-2 /
TLE_ICTAN9-12OH-Ij-3
TR Unit Code : 500311108
LO 1. Identify hazards and risks.
LO 2. Evaluate hazards and risks.
LO3. Control hazards and risks.
Content Standard:
The learner demonstrates an understanding of the concepts and underlying
principles of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) procedures in relation to
hazards and risks in the workplace.
Performance Standard:
The learner consistently observes and practices OHS procedures in the
workplace.
Time Allotment: 8 hours
INTRODUCTION
This module covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes required to
comply with regulatory and organizational requirements for occupational health
and safety.
SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES
Upon the completion of this module, you should be able to:
LO1. Identify hazards and risks.
1.1 Explain hazards and risks in the workplace.
1.2 Identify hazards and risks indicators in the workplace.
1.3 Apply contingency measures in accordance with the OHS
procedures.
LO2. Evaluate hazards and risks.
2.1 Determine the effects of hazards and risks.
2.2 Classify the types of hazards and risks in the workplace.
LO3. Control hazards and risks.
1.1 Follow OHS procedures for controlling hazards and risks.
1.2 Use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
1.3 Follow and observe organizational protocol when providing
emergency assistance.
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Read the Information Sheet very well then find out how much you can remember and
how much you learned by doing Self-check 1.7-1
Information Sheet 1.7-1
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PROCEDURES
Occupational Health promotes and maintains the highest degree of
physical, mental, and social wellbeing of workers. It maintains the worker in an
environment suitable to his physiological and psychological capabilities.
Protect workers from risk and prevent workers from resignation due to health
problem.
The reasons for establishing good occupational safety and health
standards are frequently identified as:
o Moral- an employee should not have risk injury at work.
o Economic- government realize that poor occupation and health per
result in cost to the state.
o Legal- Occupation safety and health requirements may be reinforced in
civil and/or criminal law.
Hazards and Risks
Hazard is the source of potential injury or threat, while Risk is a
measure of the possibility of a specific harmful effect in given circumstances.
To reduce risk, if not totally to avoid it, you must eliminate the source of threat
(hazard). Risk can be low being the least probable and high being most likely
happen.
Identifying Hazards
Hazards may perhaps be the most common to all working place,
whether you are working in the office or in the construction sites.
Slipping is commonly caused by spills on the floor leaving it with
water, chemicals, presence of scattered small objects.
Falling accidents are usually caused by improper use of office
furnishing, tools and equipment. On the other hand, somebody may cause of
being hit by a falling objects.
Tripping cause by wires running down near or through the aisle;
presence of some obstructions left unattended along the walkways.
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This kind of hazards could cause minor and major injuries to a
person and damage to properties. It is important to consider safety measures
whether in the offices, home workshops and laboratory shops. Good
housekeeping is one way of ensuring the safety in a workplace.
Preventing accidents and injuries, good housekeeping saves
space, time, and materials. When a workplace is clean, orderly, and free of
obstruction, work can get done safely and properly.
Japanese companies innovated a productivity philosophy called
“5S” which stands for five Japanese words that refer to a methodology for
cleaning and for business. The 5S can help you organize your tasks at the
end of every working day.
1. Seiri (Sorting) – Take out unnecessary items and dispose. Keep only the
items you need and discard or store everything else.
2. Seiton (Set in Order) – means that there’s a place for everything, and
everything should be in its place. Arrange necessary items in good order
for use.
3. Seiso (Sweeping) – At the end of each working day, take time to clean up
your office space. Remove any mess you make.
4. Seiketsu (Standardizing) – Maintain high standard of housekeeping.
5. Shitsuke (Sustaining) – Do things spontaneously without being told or
ordered.
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SELF-CHECK 1.7-1
Matching Type: Match column A with column B. Write the letter of the correct
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
Column A Column B
1. Falling a. Commonly caused by spills on
the floor leaving it with water,
chemicals, presence of scattered
small objects.
2. Seiri (Sorting) b. At the end of each working day,
take time to clean up your office
space. Remove any mess you
make.
3. Slipping c. It means that there’s a place for
everything, and everything
should be in its place. Arrange
necessary items in good order
for use.
4. Seiton (Set in Order) d. It is cause by wires running
down near or through the aisle;
presence of some obstructions
left unattended along the
walkways.
5. Tripping e. Accidents are usually caused by
improper use of office furnishing,
tools and equipment. On the
other hand, somebody may
cause of being hit by a falling
objects.
f. Take out unnecessary items and
dispose. Keep only the items
you need and discard or store
everything else.
Congratulations! You did a great job! Rest and relax a
while then move on to the next lesson. Good luck!
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Read the Information Sheet very well then find out how much you can remember and
how much you learned by doing Self-check 1.7-2
Information Sheet 1.7-2
Hazards in the Workplace
There are many things that affect the health of a person, such as his
environment, lifestyle, etc. Work is an important determinant of health. It can
influence health in a positive or negative way.
Types of Hazards in a workplace
Safety Hazards- Inadequate and insufficient machine guards, unsafe
workplace conditions and practices.
Biological Hazards- Caused by organisms such as viruses, bacteria,
Fungi and parasites.
Chemical Hazards- Solid, liquid, vapor or gaseous chemicals, dust fume
or mist.
Ergonomic Hazards- Anatomical, physiological, and psychological
demands on the worker, such as repetitive and
forceful movements, vibration, extreme
temperatures, and awkward postures arising from
improper work methods and improperly designed
workstations, tools, and equipment.
Physical Hazards- Noise, vibration, energy, weather, electricity, radiation
and pressure.
Psychological Hazards- Those that are basically causing stress to a
worker that his general well-being is affected.
Hazards and their Effects
Workplace hazards can come from a wide range of sources. It
include substance, material, process, practice, etc. that has the ability to
cause harm or adverse health effect to a person under certain conditions.
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Table 1
Examples of Hazards and their Effects
Workplace Hazards Hazards Effects/Harm Caused
Cut
Thing Knife Leukemia
Mesothelioma
Substance Benzene Shock, Electrocution
Slips, Falls
Material Asbestos Metal Fume Fever
Silicosis
Source of Energy Electricity
Condition Wet Floor
Process Welding
Practice Hard Rock Mining
Workplace hazards also include practices or conditions that
release uncontrolled energy like:
Potential Energy or Gravitational Energy- An object that could fall from
a height
Chemical Energy – A run-away chemical reaction
Pressure; High Temperature – The release of compressed gas or
steam.
Kinetic Energy – Entanglement of hair or clothing in rotating equipment
Electrical Energy – Contact with electrodes of a battery or capacitor.
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SELF-CHECK 1.7-2
A. Directions: Identify the following terms below. Use a separate sheet of
paper for your answer.
____________ 1. A hazard which refers to noise, vibration, energy,
weather, electricity, radiation and pressure.
____________ 2. A solid, liquid, vapor or gaseous chemicals, dust fume
or mist.
____________ 3. A hazard which is caused by organisms such as viruses,
bacteria, fungi and parasites.
____________ 4. It refers to an anatomical, physiological, and psychological
demands on the worker, such as repetitive and forceful
movements, vibration, extreme temperatures, and
awkward postures arising from improper work methods and
improperly designed workstations, tools, and equipment.
____________ 5. It refers to those that are basically causing stress to a
worker that his general well-being is affected.
B. Directions: Write the effects or harm caused by the following hazards:
Hazards Effects
1. Knife
2. Benzene
3. Asbestos
4. Electricity
5. Wet Floor
Congratulations! You did a great job! Rest and relax a
while then move on to the next lesson. Good luck!
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Read the Information Sheet very well then find out how much you can remember and
how much you learned by doing Self-check 1.7-3
Information Sheet 1.7-3
Control Hazards and Risks
The Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) and the
Occupational Health and Safety Standards (OHSS) issued D.O. 13, s. 1998,
known as the Guidelines Governing Occupational Safety and Health in the
Industry. It requires employers and establishments to use a safety sign where
there is a significant risk to health and safety that has not been avoided or
controlled by the methods required under other relevant law. Provided the use
of a sign can help reduce the risk.
Accident Prevention Signs and Symbols
Signs and symbols shall be visible at all times when work is being
performed, and shall be removed or covered promptly when the hazard no
longer exists.
Danger Signs- it shall be used only where an immediate hazard exists. It
should be read as the predominating color for the upper panel; outline on the
borders; and a white lower panel for additional sign wording.
Caution Signs- it shall be used only to warn against or caution against
practices. Caution sign shall have yellow as the predominating color; black
upper panel and borders; yellow lettering of “caution” and yellow panel for the
additional sign wording.
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Exit Signs- a sign used for exit only. It should be lettered in legible red letters,
not less than 6 inches high, on white field and the principal stroke of the
letters shall be at least three fourths in width.
Safety Instructions Signs- this sign when used, shall have a green upper
panel with white letters to conveys the principal message. Black in additional
wording in a white background.
Directional Signs- other than automotive traffic signs specified shall be white
with a black panel and white directional symbol.
Traffic Signs- construction areas shall be posted with legible traffic signs at
point hazard. All traffic control signs or devices used for protection of
construction workers shall conform to Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (ASHA) standards.
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Table shows other signs and symbols and their classification you have
to follow at all times while doing your works inside and outside the shop.
Signs Classification Meaning/ Usage
Prohibition Do not use in any specified
places. It may interfere in the
operations of other electronic
gadgets in the vicinity.
Hazard Alerting BE CAREFUL Warning. It warns
everybody of potential dangers
around the workplace.
Prohibition NOT ALLOWED Danger, alarm.
This prohibition reduces risks of fire
and prevents personal injury.
Prohibition When you see this symbol,
picking, smoking, or touching is
prohibited.
Hazard Alerting Do not perform any activity when
your eyes are unprotected.
Hazard Alerting Danger of electrocution. Do not
ignore this sign in the workplace.
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Hazard Alerting Avoid getting into contact to
places, equipment or tools with this
sign.
Hazard Alerting High voltage is dangerous and
fatal. Keep out of areas where you
see signs like this.
Safety In all offices, workplaces, and
establishments, it is mandatory to
Hazard have this sign for first aid displayed
Avoidance/ on conspicuous places. This is
Safety where you should run to if accidents
happen.
Hazard
Avoidance For good housekeeping, these
symbols indicate “recycling”
materials. This means that the
material is recyclable or where you
should plce recyclable objects/
wastes in the work area.
Be careful with falling objects and
from being pressed from lathe and
other moving machines.
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