2019 YWAM MS Annual Report

An2nu0al1R9eport

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS

TOWNSVILLE
215 Walker Street, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
PO Box 1959, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia | +61 7 4771 2123 | [email protected]

PORT MORESBY
PwC Haus, Level 6, Harbour City, Konedobu, Port Moresby, NCD, 121

YWAM Medical Ships Australia - Papua New Guinea

YWAM Medical Ships Australia Ltd ABN 45 070 160 904 is a company limited by guarantee. Its registered
office is located at 215 Walker Street, Townsville Queensland.

CHARITABLE STATUS, TAX CONCESSIONS & FUNDRAISING
YWAM Medical Ships - Australia is a Public Benevolent Institution (PBI) and a Deductible Gift Recipient (DGR).
YWAM Medical Ships - Australia’s auditor is Jessups North Queensland - Chartered Accountants.
YWAM Townsville City Campus’ auditor is Coutts Redington - Chartered Accountants.

ACCREDITATIONS

The Australian Council for International Development (ACFID) is the peak Council for Australian not-for-profit
aid and development organisations. YWAM Medical Ships is a signatory to the ACFID Code of Conduct, which
is a voluntary, self – regulatory sector code of good practice. As a signatory we are committed and fully
adhere to the ACFID Code of Conduct, conducting our work with transparency, accountability, and integrity.
Complaints relating to a breach of the ACFID Code of Conduct can be made to the ACFID Code of Conduct
Committee via their website, https://acfid.asn.au/content/complaints

Feedback on this report and our operations can be sent to [email protected] or in writing to:
YWAM Medical Ships - Australia, PO Box 1959, Townsville QLD 4810.
YWAM Medical Ships - Australia’s complaints policy can be accessed via our website,
https://ywamships.org.au/about/faqs/

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS

Contents

SECTION ONE - 2019 AT A GLANCE

3 1.1 Messages from Leadership
5 1.2 Twenty-Nineteen Milestones & Highlights
11 1.3 History
13 1.4 Who we are & What we do
17 1.5 Our Footprint
19 1.6 Messages from our Patrons
21 1.7 Key Partners
22 1.8 Supporters

SECTION TWO - PROGRAM OVERVIEW

25 2.1 Maritime Operations
28 2.2 Primary Health Care Overview
30 2.3 Maternal Health
35 2.4 Child Health
39 2.5 Tuberculosis & Mobile Clinical Laboratory
41 2.6 Eye Health
47 2.7 Oral Health
51 2.8 Health Education & Empowering Communities
55 2.9 Health Workforce Strengthening & Capacity Building
59 2.10 Supply Chain Support
61 2.11 Water, Sanitation & Solar Power

SECTION THREE - FINANCIALS

67 3.1 Plain Language Summary
69 3.2 Financial Statement

SECTION FOUR - MOVING FORWARD

78 4.1 Moving Forward
79 4.2 Twenty-Twenty Deployment

SECTION FIVE - APPENDIX

84 5.1 Board of Directors & Project Management Team
86 5.2 Advisors
88 5.3 List of Abbreviations

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS

SECTION ONE

Twenty-Nineteen at a Glance

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS TWENTY-NINETEEN AT A GLANCE

1M.1 essages from Leadership

CHAIR OF THE BOARD

Twenty-nineteen has been an exciting year for YWAM Medical Ships
Australia and Papua New Guinea (YWAM MS), with our most extensive
engagement in PNG across ship-and land-based activities facilitating a
number of exciting accomplishments.

YWAM MS remains committed to empowering people in remote, rural parts
of PNG to live holistically healthy lives, create healthy communities, and
develop a healthy nation. Testament to this is the phenomenal number of
Papua New Guineans involved in facilitating YWAM MS activities this year,
making up almost one-third of YWAM MS’ workforce and spanning all areas
of operation, from medical and marine professionals, to operations and
general volunteers, and to key leadership positions.

It was also a great honour to have some of our dedicated volunteers
recognised by the Papua New Guinean government for their efforts over
the past ten years, and for our Australian Patron, Hon. Mike Reynolds CBE,
AM to be invested as a Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the
British Empire (CBE) for a lifetime of effort building connections between
Australia and PNG. To have these awards presented on the deck of the MV
YWAM PNG was a particularly special privilege.

I would like to express my thanks to all our partners and collaborators
who contribute services, resources, and funding to engage in the most
remote parts of PNG. Thank you also to the 820 volunteers from 40 nations
who have donated time, money, and skills into serving and strengthening
the people of Papua New Guinea.

I hope you are inspired as you read this report.

Kind regards,

Rebekah Hoover
Chairperson of the Board

SECTION ONE : PAGE 3 ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS

MANAGING DIRECTOR

It is such a pleasure to bring you our 2019 Annual Report. As you read
through these pages, you cannot help but be encouraged and inspired by
all that we have achieved together.

To value each remote village, every life, and child is a huge privilege. The
opportunities for healthy lives, communities, and a nation to see vast
developments are happening with our holistic health approach.

The many medical and training services that build capacity in the Papua
New Guinea (PNG) health system are a joy, as we return year after year
to particular locations and work alongside some true heroes: incredible
community health workers (CHWs), village leaders, and others.

It is an honour to have so many volunteers, from PNG and many other
nations, championing rural health workers, and witnessing life-changing
moments together. Among these moments was a newly-postpartum
mother (see page 33) who presented fighting for life with a retained
placenta after birthing twins. Through incredible collaboration between
local health workers and YWAM Medical Ships Australia and Papua New
Guinea (YWAM MS) volunteers, this young woman’s life was saved. I am
deeply stirred when I consider that the memory of this shoulder-to-
shoulder clinical mentoring will be imprinted upon that team for many
births to come, hopefully multiplying the blessing to other women and
their babies.

The stories presented in this report are just a small sampling of the
thousands of lives changed every few weeks; but we need to recognise
that there is still much yet to be done.

Even as we reflect back on 2019, we certainly look forward to many more
years of purposeful partnership to come.

Kind regards,

Ken Mulligan OBE, OAM SECTION ONE : PAGE 4
Managing Director

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS

1T.w2enty -Nineteen
Milestones & Highlights

Twenty-nineteen was an exciting and productive year for YWAM Medical
Ships Australia and Papua New Guinea (YWAM MS). Below are some
selected milestones and highlights.

NEW ENGINES
Towards the end of YWAM MS’ 2018 outreach schedule, one of the main
engines aboard the MV YWAM PNG failed and required replacement. This
engine, along with the other main engine, were replaced over December
2018. It was a delight to commence the 2019 outreach schedule with
two new engines which have operated beautifully and kept the MV YWAM
PNG mobile.

LAKE MURRAY COLLABORATIVE PATROLS
YWAM MS was delighted to participate in two extended-range
collaborative health patrols to the Lake Murray region of Western
Province. These patrols primarily focused on maternal and child health,
and provided immunisations, health education, and primary health care
services to more than 3,000 patients. One of the patrols was joined
by a dental community health worker (CHW) who was able to provide
oral health services to over 400 patients via screenings and necessary
treatments.

These patrols were a particular highlight because of the wonderful range
of collaborations collaborations that facilitated them. In addition to
YWAM MS, key collaborators included Middle Fly District Health Services,
Mission Aviation Fellowship Papua New Guinea, Boboa and Obo Health
Centres, South Fly District Health Service, The Leprosy Mission PNG, and
Balimo Hospital. Each collaborator helped to meet particular needs for
the patrols and uniquely contributed to the resounding success of
the patrols.

SECTION ONE : PAGE 5 ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS

DISTRICT PARTNERSHIP PROGRAMS
Twenty-nineteen was an exciting year for partnerships, including
specific districts requesting closer collaboration. YWAM MS commenced
the process of establishing two district-level partnerships with Abau
District in Central Province, and Middle Fly District in Western Province
respectively.

PAPUA NEW GUINEAN INVOLVEMENT
YWAM MS is continually encouraged by the ownership demonstrated
by Papua New Guineans in working to see health outcomes achieved in
remote communities across the nation. Encouragingly, the proportion of
Papua New Guineans taking part in YWAM MS collaborative patrols was
at its strongest level yet, with approximately one third of all registered
volunteers being from PNG. These Papua New Guinean volunteers served
across all areas of the MV YWAM PNG’s activities, including strong
representation from provincial and district health services serving in
clinical roles.

PARTNERSHIPS
Another exciting collaboration this year was between YWAM MS, Morobe
Provincial Health, Finschhafen District Health, Nawaeb District Health,
and Braun Hospital. This collaboration was particularly fruitful due to
the strong friendship and work ethic shared across these groups. In
addition to the active participation of local health services providing
excellent logistics and transport for clinic teams and identifying
patients for surgery and particular services, YWAM MS was excited for
this collaboration to carry a strong focus on professional development
and upskilling of local healthcare workers, with two YWAM MS volunteer
doctors - an infectious disease specialist and a chief surgeon - lending
their extensive knowledge and expertise to developing the capabilities
of passionate PNG health care professionals, including nine medical
students undertaking their placement at Braun Hospital.

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS SECTION ONE : PAGE 5

NEONATALIE TRAINING EVENTS SEASON IN TOWNSVILLE
In June and July, coinciding with the MV YWAM PNG’s scheduled
SECTION ONE : PAGE 7 repositioning to Townsville for annual maintenance activities, YWAM
MS entered into a period of approximately six weeks of community and
stakeholder engagement events. Throughout this period, Australia-based
stakeholders and partners, businesses, schools, and church groups were
invited to events held on board the MV YWAM PNG. A particular highlight
of this period was the Sunset Reception, during which six members of
YWAM MS received awards from PNG’s Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade,
Hon. Soroi Eoe, MP, on behalf of the Government of Papua New Guinea.
YWAM MS Australia Patron, Hon. Mike Reynolds, was also awarded the
appointment of Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British
Empire (CBE) for his outstanding efforts in strengthening the relationship
between Australia and Papua New Guinea over many years.

CAP ROLLOUT
In 2019, the Community Action and Participation (CAP) program was fully
integrated into YWAM MS’ development toolkit after initial field testing
took place in late-2018. The CAP program has been present in parts of
Papua New Guinea since the early 2000s and is a key implementing tool
to enable PNG’s application of the Healthy Islands concept. 1 The CAP
program is designed to allow agencies to come alongside communities
and help them to determine their own goals for what, when, and how to
develop and improve their community. Response to YWAM MS-facilitated
CAP sessions has been positive overall, with several stellar examples
of communities activating and taking ownership of the development
process in their communities.

NEONATALIE TRAINING
Neonatal resuscitation is a highly desired training topic among health
workers in PNG. In 2019, three NeoNatalies (neonatal resuscitation
manikin) were donated to YWAM MS, along with resources needed to
provide resuscitation. On several different occasions, YWAM MS’ volunteer
midwives and doctors have conducted training for local health workers
on this topic, using the NeoNatalies for hands-on training. For example,
several training sessions were held on board the MV YWAM PNG and on
shore with health workers from both Morobe and Oro provinces who were
taught by a YWAM MS volunteer doctor on neonatal resuscitation.

MEMORANDA OF UNDERSTANDING
In line with YWAM MS’ desire to work with PNG educational institutions
to help strengthen PNG’s health workforce, YWAM MS entered into two
memoranda of understanding with two tertiary education institutes of
PNG to provide midwifery students from the University of Goroka (UoG) and
medical students from Divine Word University (DWU) with an opportunity
to engage in field placement on YWAM MS collaborative patrols.

1 Temu, P. and Chen, P.C., 1999. The Papua New Guinea vision of healthy
islands. Pacific Health Dialog, 6(2), pp.253-258.

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS

SUNSET RECEPTION, TOWNSVILLE

COMMUNITY ACTION & PARTICIPATION TRAINING

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS

Summary Statistics

394,341 IMMUNISATIONS ADMINISTERED

Healthcare & 31,561
Training Services
PNG NATIONALS ENGAGED
DELIVERED PREDOMINANTLY IN RURAL PNG IN
COLLABORATION WITH GOPNG 609

TOTAL PATIENTS NATIONALITIES REPRESENTED

40,491 40

REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES HEALTH PROMOTION ATTENDEES

1,884 209,630

OPHTHALMOLOGY PATIENTS ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS

472

INDIVIDUALS TESTED FOR TB VOLUNTEERS BY COUNTRY

655 257 PAPUA NEW GUINEA
240 AUSTRALIA
DENTAL PROCEDURES 116 UNITED STATES
49 CANADA
6,503 30 NEW ZEALAND
24 UNITED KINGDOM
GLASSES DISTRIBUTED 20 NORWAY
16 NETHERLANDS
12,302 13 GERMANY
55 OTHER
VOLUNTEERS

820

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS

1H.3istory

YWAM MS first started to engage in PNG in 2009, although YWAM’s presence through land-based teams began in 1969.

Before YWAM MS’ operations began, the Hon Mike Reynolds CBE, AM and YWAM MS’ senior leadership team met with the
then Secretary for Health for PNG, Dr Clement Malau, to present the idea of a medical ship reaching rural and remote areas
of the country with healthcare and training. With no money and little resources at hand, YWAM MS received an invitation
from Dr Malau on behalf of the National Department of Health to bring the first ship, the MV Pacific Link, to the Gulf
Province. The MV Pacific Link was gifted to YWAM Australia from YWAM Marine Reach New Zealand.

The first number of years were very challenging as YWAM MS started to sail into PNG’s very remote and rural communities.
From the beginning YWAM MS worked in partnership with PNG both at a national and grassroots level to bring hope and
resources to villages in great need. It became obvious that the MV Pacific Link (a 37 metre-long Japanese fishing vessel
built in 1979) was too limiting for the demands and needs identified on the field. YWAM MS then began the process of
acquiring a much larger ship that would be more suitable for PNG’s remote areas, and to increase YWAM MS’ capacity
to support PNG’s health system. At the time, it was a huge undertaking as YWAM MS had no funds toward the vessel.
However, the very real needs up-close on the field far outweighed the obstacles.

After much research, a second-hand ship was found – a small cruise liner built in 1999 by Austal. The asking price was
AUD 6.5 million. To acquire the ship took an extreme amount of work; a small dedicated team made up of volunteer staff
named the campaign “Overcoming the Impossible”. The team worked tirelessly, giving their time and personal funds to
make the dream a reality. People from all walks of life gave as the vision was presented - communities, churches, school
students, companies, governments, charities, and individuals from all over the world contributed to the need. In 2014,
YWAM MS officially acquired the vessel and began to work through the details of refitting the vessel into a medical and
training ship that would serve hundreds of remote villages on an annual basis.

The vessel was named the MV YWAM PNG to reflect its intended purpose of dedicated service to the nation of PNG. YWAM
MS’ shared desire with national and provincial health authorities is for the vessel to be utilised as an innovative tool
to deliver services that build capacity in local villages and assists to provide training, supplies, encouragement, and
support to the dedicated health workers serving on the ground. The vessel is headquartered out of Townsville, Australia
and spends ten months of the year in PNG.

Globally, YWAM is broad-structured with no centralised headquarters or funding, operating in over 180 nations. It is a
network of separate legal entities, financial, and management structures. This includes local YWAM centres in PNG and
YWAM ship networks that operate in PNG waters. YWAM MS does not have oversight over or involve itself in responsibility
for the activities of other YWAM entities, except within the confines of formal agreements which may be in place from

SECTION ONE : PAGE 11 ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS

MV PACIFIC LINK time to time. Such agreements are based upon the expectations of the
Australian Council for International Development (ACFID) Code of Conduct,
a voluntary, self-regulatory sector code of good practice. YWAM MS is
fully committed to the ACFID Code of Conduct, conducting our work with
transparency, accountability, and integrity.

YWAM MS partners with many like-minded organisations and has
agreements in place with both government and non-government entities
including but not limited to:

• PNG National Department of Health
• Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
• Ministry of the Foreign Affairs of Israel
• PNG Department of National Planning
• PNG Provincial Governments
• Puma Energy
• James Cook University
• PNG Tribal Foundation

YWAM MS is honoured to carry two patrons, Patron - PNG, the Right
Honourable Sir Rabbie Namaliu GCL, KCMG, CSM and Patron - Australia, the
Honourable Mike Reynolds CBE, AM. These gentlemen have been active in
their positions since 2012 and 2009, respectively. Each contributes vast
understanding of Papua New Guinea, its relationship with Australia and
the YWAM MS program to date. YWAM MS also has an extensive list of
committed advisors who provide advice and direction in their particular
fields of expertise.

In keeping aligned with the worldview and the foundational values of the
organisation, YWAM MS’s Christian ethos endeavours to create policies
and procedures that cultivate a healthy organisation to care, connect,
serve, and build within individuals and communities.

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS SECTION ONE : PAGE 12

1W.4ho we are & What we do

YWAM MS’ model is centred around building healthy villages for a healthy nation. Over 84% of Papua New Guinea’s
population live in rural areas. The isolation and lack of infrastructure makes delivering healthcare and training very
challenging.

YWAM MS aims to care, connect, serve, and build, with individuals and communities in Australia, PNG, and beyond. YWAM
MS teams work in partnership with rural health workers, especially at the district level, to achieve the following right at
the doorstep of coastal and inland villages across the Southern Region and Morobe:

• Strengthening the capacity of rural facilities to serve year-around including:
• Delivery of drug supplies
• Assistance with vital maintenance and upgrades to equipment
• Peer support, supervisory visits, in-service updates

• Boost district patrol capacity through facilitating collaborative patrol activities (explained on page 15) in currently
poorly served areas

• Work with grassroots communities (with a special focus on youth) to empower them to take an increasingly active
part in promoting their own wellbeing

• Advocate to spotlight areas of current under-service, directing attention and resources to improve the situation on
the ground

• Champion young people

SECTION ONE : PAGE 13 ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS SECTION ONE : PAGE 1

Risk management is of paramount importance in our operations as we identify, evaluate and prioritise on a continual
basis. This is followed by coordinated and economical application of resources to minimise, monitor, and control the
probability or impact of unfortunate events and to maximise the realisation of opportunities.

The PNG National Department of Health’s (NDoH) National Health Plan (NHP) includes the expectation that rural health
facilities will regularly reach out to villages in their catchment on what is called ‘patrol’, with a special focus on
preventive maternal-child health services (including offering family planning and immunisations). It is these regular
visits that are supported by YWAM MS’ teams, along with a package of additional support, significantly reducing
the marginal cost of each activity delivered to these challenging locations. While there, communities benefit from
additional services such as:

• Optometry services
• Sight-restoring eye surgeries
• Health promotion
• Tuberculosis screening
• Oral health and dentistry services
• Facility upgrades for health clinics (solar power, access to clean water, etc.)

As a mother ship, the MV YWAM PNG serves to build capacity in hundreds of villages throughout the Southern Region and
Morobe each year. YWAM MS is not there to create an independent or parallel health service. YWAM MS aligns itself with
the goals and objectives outlined in the NDoH NHP.

Facilitating collaborative patrols is implemented in a variety of ways:

• Patrol supported by MV YWAM PNG at short range (teams deployed less than a two-hour boat ride from the mothership)
• Patrol supported by MV YWAM PNG at long range deployed via extended-range patrol tenders (boats carried aboard) or

• On foot / trekking or
• Via helicopter
• Patrol conducted by ship-independent, land-based teams

YWAM MS proudly involves many students in patrols. This includes a variety of training programs, such as rural health
workers who have requested upskilling, third and fourth year nursing and midwifery students doing their rural
placements, and first year primary health care workers. Fifth year medical students from the University of Papua New
Guinea (UPNG), medical students from Divine Word University (DWU),t and student midwives from the University of Goroka
(UoG) also join outreaches to fulfill their rural health placements. YWAM MS’ goal is to increase the health workforce in
PNG, and training is a vital part of that. That said, all students work under supervision of qualified medical professionals
with the appropriate medical qualifications and registrations for their job. In some cases, these are among some of the
foremost professionals in their industry in their nation.

YWAM MS works by invitation, seeking to work in collaboration and respect with a non-partisan approach at the national,
provincial, district, local level government, and village level. YWAM MS commenced outreaches in the Southern region
and Morobe Province after receiving an invitation from each of the provinces. These outreaches are carefully planned with
detailed reports submitted after the completion of each outreach. Over time, specific districts have requested longer-
term assistance and support as they develop their region and in 2019-20, YWAM MS has begun piloting a new phase of
Healthy Village – Healthy Nation in partnership with several districts, under its District Partnership Program.

SECTION ONE : PAGE 15 ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS

YWAM TOWNSVILLE HEADQUARTERS

The City of Townsville, Sister City to Papua New Guinea’s capital Port
Moresby, is proud host to the headquarters of YWAM MS. Based out of
YWAM Townsville’s1 City Campus, the main office of YWAM MS engages a
committed and diverse team of self-funded personnel from many nations.
Throughout the organisation, and including the Managing Director, these
staff raise funds external to YWAM MS and donate their professional
services gift-in-kind. A handful of critical roles are externally filled, with
remuneration when necessary (e.g. specific engineer rank, bookkeeper).
All YWAM volunteers contribute their goodwill and skills with no
expectation of remuneration.

YWAM MS has a close working relationship with YWAM Townsville,
itself a not-for-profit charitable entity including a Registered Training
Organisation (RTO) under the trading banner YWAM Training (RTO Reg. No
30614, CRICOS Provider No. 02205D). YWAM Training provides nationally-
recognised and accredited training in a range of fields and youth
development opportunities. This includes training opportunities for young
Papua New Guineans.

Involvement and support from the Townsville community for the work
of YWAM MS in serving its nearest international neighbour has been
strong and consistent. Consequently, when Townsville was struck by
unprecedented monsoonal flooding in February 2019, YWAM MS personnel
were quick to participate in the Team Townsville initiative. Established
by the Townsville City Council, teams of volunteers went door-to-door
to check on the wellbeing of over 15,000 households in parts of the city
worst hit by the flooding. Householders were connected with relevant
essential services to assist in their recovery. This was a significant
milestone for YWAM MS and YWAM Townsville entities to partner strongly
together, serving the local community during this disaster.

1 YWAM Townsville Assoc Inc is a separate legal entity from YWAM
Medical Ships

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS SECTION ONE : PAGE 16

1O.5ur Footprint

Utilising ship-based and land-based patrol teams, YWAM MS operates
across the six provinces of the Southern Region of Papua New Guinea
(including Gulf, Western, Central, Milne Bay, and Oro provinces and the
National Capital District (NCD)), as well as in Morobe Province in the
Momase Region. Operation in each of these locations is at the invitation
of the respective provincial government. YWAM MS deeply values
partnership with these provinces.

Building on engagement and partnership in particular geographic areas,
YWAM MS embarked upon two district-level partnerships in 2019. The
District Partnership Program model has so far commenced in Middle
Fly District (Western Province) and Abau District (Central Province).
This follows on from the existing close collaboration between YWAM
MS, district personnel, and communities in these locations. It seeks
to encompass both planning and executing phases of health patrol
activities and reflects a strongly held, mutual desire between the
partners to invest in developing holistic health for individuals and
communities.

SECTION ONE : PAGE 17 ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS

LOCATIONS OF SERVICE

VISITED IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA DURING 2019

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS SECTION ONE : PAGE 18

1M.6 essages from Our Patrons

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

It has been an honour and privilege to serve another year as Papua New
Guinea Patron for YWAM Medical Ships Australia and PNG. The outcomes,
we have been able to achieve as we work alongside the Papua New
National Government and a number of Provincial Governments, is
something we can all be proud of.

Yet again, thousands of lives have been dramatically transformed, like
that of Selita, a 32-year-old woman who saw for the first time in 17 years.
It is truly an immense privilege to be able to give that gift to someone.
Selita’s story is just one of thousands of individuals from some of the
most remote locations in Papua New Guinea where health service delivery
and logistics support are amongst the most difficult of our challenges.

When I was invited to be Patron in 2012, I accepted because I believed
this project could make a real difference in the lives of our people and
especially those of our people living in rural locations. In this, my eighth
year as Patron, it is a pleasure to present our 2019 Annual Report showing
that not only have we made a difference, but we are continuing to grow
and expand to make an even greater impact.

I wish to take this opportunity to express my gratitude to the 820
volunteers from 40 different countries who volunteered their time aboard
the ship, the MV YWAM PNG. Your incredible dedication and commitment
does not go unnoticed and is very much appreciated by our people
particularly in the communities directly affected.

Kind Regards,

SECTION ONE : PAGE 19 The Right Honourable Sir Rabbie L Namaliu GCL, KCMG, CSM
YWAM Medical Ships Australia and Papua New Guinea Patron - PNG

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS

AUSTRALIA
What a team! Ihave always been proud of the outcomes we are able to
achieve as we work together and 2019 is certainly no exception. It is a
privilege to work alongside an organisation that year-after-year works in
a collaborative and cooperative way to build the capacity of our nearest
international neighbour.

Together with the Australian Government, Papua New Guinea Government,
businesses, and volunteers from around the world we have now delivered
over 1.7million health care, training, and capacity building services to
some of the most remote locations in Papua New Guinea. This certainly
would not be possible without our many committed partners for whom
we are truly grateful.

I would also like to acknowledge the dedicated and visionary leadership of
Ken Mulligan and the leaders at YWAM Medical Ships Australia and Papua
New Guinea. Their commitment to the people of Papua New Guinea is to
be commended.

We look forward to continuing to work together with our nearest
international neighbours and friends.

Kind regards,

Honourable Mike Reynolds CBE, AM
YWAM Medical Ships Australia and Papua New Guinea Patron - Australia

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS SECTION ONE : PAGE 20

1K.6ey Partners

100 YEARS IN PNG

SECTION ONE : PAGE 21 ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS

1S.7upporters

Air Niugini MOB Enterprise
Barnabas Foundation Mineral Resource
B.Braun Australia Pty Ltd Development Company
BlueKino Mylan Australia
BOC Ophthalmic Instruments Novartis Pharm
Pty Ltd O’Shea & Dyer Solicitors
Carl Zeiss Pty Ltd Oil Laboratories - PNG
Cattani Australia OilMin
Cirrus Insight Pacific International Hospital
Consort Express Lines, Penske Power Systems
Papua New Guinea PNG Australia Association
Cook Islands Trust Corporation PNG Eye Care / Brien Holden
Credit Corporation Vision Institute
Designs for Vision PNG National Prevention of
Device Technologies Blindness Committee
Dunlop PNG Ports North
Electrotech QantasLink
Filter Supplies RANZCO Scientific Congress
First Advisers Rosshaven Marine
Food Relief NQ Shailer Medical
FVS Fire NQ Signs of Excellence
Gadens Stryker Medical
GE & MJ Chaqpman Partnership Suncorp Bank
Heroes Need Heroes Swire Shipping
Insight Surgical The Drill Guys
International Agency for the Thermo Fisher
Prevention of Blindness Total E&P
ITC Global Tradelinked Cairns & PNG
Jessups North Queensland Vital Medical Supplies
Lankhorst - Euronete Australia William Talbot Eye Care
99.9 Live FM Xerox
Lloyd’s Register YWAM Melbourne
Maritime Cook Islands YWAM Newcastle
Maritime Safety Queensland Zoll Medical Australia
Metro Pharmacy

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS SECTION ONE : PAGE 22

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS

SECTION TWO

Program Overview
ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS PROGRAM OVERVIEW

2M.1 aritime Operations

2019 SAW THE MV YWAM In December the MV YWAM PNG served the Northernmost location
PNG COMPLETE 13 under YWAM MS operation to date at Tolokiwa Island, northwest of
OUTREACHES, THE Umboi Island.
LARGEST NUMBER YET IN
A CALENDAR YEAR. THIS Crewing of the MV YWAM PNG continued to bring together a wide range
WAS COMPLEMENTED BY of mariners from around the world. Volunteer captains from Norway,
THE SHIP’S SHORTEST the Netherlands, Australia, the United Kingdom, and the USA led the
MAINTENANCE AND multinational crew. A volunteer chief officer from Canada/Hong Kong
RESTOCKING PERIOD - served for the first half of the year and another from Australia for the
A TOTAL OF LESS THAN second half of the year. YWAM MS was delighted to note that almost 40%
EIGHT WEEKS, THAT TOOK of all marine volunteers in 2019 were Papua New Guinean, including, at
PLACE MID-YEAR times, the entire engineering team aboard.
IN TOWNSVILLE.
Partnerships in the maritime space were also a key part of YWAM MS
marine operations in 2019. Early in the year, community engagement
teams aboard the MV YWAM PNG were joined by representatives from
the National Maritime Safety Authority (NMSA), who provided specialist
maritime safety teachings and instruction to local communities. At
the end of the year Consort Express Lines renewed their placement of
PNG cadets aboard the MV YWAM PNG as part of their training towards
becoming deck and engineer officers.

Continued utilisation of the cloud-based planned maintenance system
adopted in 2018 supported decreased system downtimes in all areas of
the ship. Routine lube oil analysis donated through a new laboratory in
Lae identified a coolant leak in the starboard generator. This prompted
deeper inspection discovering a broken part which, left unresolved,
would have resulted in major equipment failure. Instead a great result
was achieved.

SECTION ONE : PAGE 25 ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS

MARINE VOLUNTEERS MAJOR MAINTENANCE
JOBS DURING THE
SIXTY-SEVEN MARINE 26 PAPUA NEW GUINEA YEAR INCLUDED:
VOLUNTEERS IN TOTAL 17 AUSTRALIA
4 CANADA • Rebuilding the ship’s generators to
3 UNITED STATES provide a more stable power supply.
2 HONG KONG SAR
2 NEW ZEALAND • Migrating the main air conditioning
2 NORWAY system from R22 to R407c gas.
2 UNITED KINGDOM
9 OTHER* • New air handlers installed for the
ship’s medical centre, which use the
*INCLUDES VOLUNTEERS FROM: recirculated chilled water system
ARGETINA, FAROE SLANDS,GERMANY, JAPAN, KENYA, that cools the rest of the ship.
MEXICO, NETHERLANDS, PHILIPPINES, PORTUGAL
• A brand new gyro compass has been
ordered to replace the old gyro
compass. Installation is expected in
early 2020.

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS SECTION TWO : PAGE 26

Feature Story

YOUNG MARINER BLAZES THE TRAIL FOR WOMEN IN THE MARITIME INDUSTRY

As a child growing up in the Simbu Province, Miriam Maua never expected to become a seafarer. It was a motivational
speech delivered by a woman at Miriam’s high school, Goroka Grammar School, in 2015 that inspired her to pursue a career
at sea.

“Working at sea seemed so different to me. In the Highlands women don’t really pursue a career in the maritime industry;
that made me really want to do it,” said Miriam.

With a fire in her belly, and a dream in her heart, Miriam worked to make her vision a reality. She ventured from the
Highlands and enrolled at Madang Maritime College in 2016 where she began her career. Miriam now has a General Purpose
Rating Two under her belt, which qualifies her to serve on ships as an engine hand or deckhand.

In 2019, Miriam joined the YWAM Training and Medical Ship, the MV YWAM PNG to put her training to use by serving as a
deckhand. using her skillset to help her fellow crew members and volunteers reach some of Papua New Guinea’s most
remote communities in the Southern Region and Morobe Province with healthcare and training.

“It’s amazing,” she said, “I have learned from a variety of people and have gained exposure to so many different levels of
the industry. I really like being bowman for the boat drivers.”

“I’m the first female Papua New Guinean crew member to serve aboard the MV YWAM PNG. I am very proud! I love what I do,
and I am happy I can be an example to other women who are considering getting involved in the maritime industry. My
dream is to one day be the Chief Engineer on board!” said Miriam.

SECTION ONE : PAGE 27 ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS

2P.r2imary Health Care

IN ALIGNMENT WITH THE Primary health care was delivered in large part through collaborative,
PNG NATIONAL HEALTH integrated maternal and child health (MCH) patrols alongside PNG
PLAN 2011-2020 AND health care workers. YWAM MS volunteer doctors, nurses, midwives, and
ITS “BACK TO BASICS” other medical professionals, side-by-side with their PNG counterparts,
APPROACH, PRIMARY delivered immunisations, antenatal care, family planning, wound care,
HEALTH CARE CONTINUED and general outpatient services to over 23,400 people in difficult-to-
TO BE THE MAIN THRUST reach locations across PNG’s Southern Region and Morobe Province.
OF YWAM MS ACTIVITIES
IN 2019. Other elements of primary care (as per the WHO definition) were
also delivered in eye health and oral health, along with associated
participatory community engagement activities. Some outreach
secondary services were also delivered in eye health. Each of
these areas are outlined in more detail over the coming pages.

Notably, YWAM MS’ longest-range, ship-supported integrated MCH
outreach patrols took place in 2019, with two teams deploying from the
Bamu River, Western Province and travelling to the Lake Murray region.
The patrols, which took place in February and August, were wonderful
examples of what can be achieved through collaboration, with multiple
parties contributing personnel and resources to the patrols. These
teams were well received by communities around Lake Murray, reportedly
being only the second or third health patrol teams to engage with some
communities since 1974.

YWAM MS also worked to strengthen its capacity around engagement
of people living with disability. It has continued to dialogue with health
leaders and communities around priorities, best fit, and local resources,
and has commenced development of a formal in-service training package
for local healthcare workers on disability engagement, clinical care, and
basic principles of rehabilitation, which is expected to be field trialled in
February 2020.

SECTION ONE : PAGE 28 ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS

ACROSS THIRTEEN SHIP-BASED & SEVEN LAND-BASED OUTREACHES IN 2019

(TARGETS WITH RANGE 80-120%)

PRIMARY HEALTH CARE PATIENTS

23,466

TARGET: 14,720-22,080

PRIMARY HEALTH CARE PATIENTS

2017 14,952
2018 18,655
2019 23,466

5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000

DEMOGRAPHICS OF PATIENTS

30.8% WOMEN
28.1% BOY
26.1% GIRL
15.0% MEN

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS SECTION TWO : PAGE 29

2M.3aternal Health

MATERNAL HEALTH REMAINS A CONSISTENT
DRIVING FOCUS OF YWAM MS PROGRAMMING
NOW IN OUR TENTH YEAR OF OPERATIONS AS
MUCH AS IT WAS IN OUR FIRST YEAR.

In 2019, YWAM MS primary health care teams undertook almost 1,500
antenatal checks for pregnant mothers and provided more than 3,400
couple years of protection through provision of family planning methods
including three-year and five-year subdermal implants, DMPA (‘Depo’)
injections, and oral contraceptive pills. There was a notable uptake
in CYP from 2018, a combined consequence of an increased output of
contraceptives and greater interest expressed in subdermal implants
this year.

YWAM MS medical professionals provided training to local health care
workers in the administration of various family planning methods.

It was also encouraging to see YWAM MS’ international volunteers
actively engaged and championing maternal health and capacity
development in PNG in ways beyond volunteering their clinical and
training skills. YWAM MS was delighted to deliver a donation of several
foetal dopplers to community health workers in Central Province, donated
by one of YWAM MS’ volunteers. These simple devices are used to monitor
the unborn baby’s heart rate.

SECTION ONE : PAGE 30 ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS

ACROSS THIRTEEN SHIP-BASED & SEVEN LAND-BASED OUTREACHES IN 2019

(TARGETS WITH RANGE 80-120%)

ANTENATAL CONSULTATIONS

1,491

TARGET: 630-946

CYP* PROVIDED

3,470

TARGET: 1,560-2,340

INDIVIDUALS RECEIVED FAMILY PLANNING

1,884

TARGET: 1,250-1,876

IMPLANTS (MIX OF THREE-YEAR & FIVE-YEAR DEPO MEDROXY-PROGESTERONE ACETATE

IMPLANTS) (DMPA) “DEPO”

1,023 755

ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE PILL (OCP)

106

*CYP = COUPLE YEARS OF PROTECTION (STANDARD MEASURE OF FAMILY PLANNING COVERAGE)

COMPARATIVE DEMAND FOR MAJOR FAMILY PLANNING METHODS

1,023 SUBDERMAL IMPLANTS INSERTED
755 DMPA INJECTED
106 OCP DISPENSED

COUPLE YEARS OF PROTECTION PROVIDED

3,293.9 SUBDERMAL IMPLANTS
158 DMPA
17.8 OCP

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS SECTION TWO : PAGE 31

Feature Story

A MOTHER & HER TWINS

A 23-year-old woman came into a YWAM MS clinic in Morobe several hours after delivering twins. She came in very sick and
needed prompt medical treatment due to a retained placenta. The YWAM MS health care team worked alongside local
Papua New Guinean health care workers to stabilise this patient and prepare her for an emergency transfer. As the team
worked on her she began to improve. She became more alert and her vital signs began to improve. A helicopter transfer
was arranged so the mother and newborns could get the appropriate treatment that they needed. Once the mother
finally arrived at the closest hospital she was able to have vital surgery. She and her babies had a stronger chance of a
good outcome due to the teamwork demonstrated that day. Local health workers also expressed deep appreciation for
the opportunity for direct collegial mentoring in the clinical context throughout the course of this case.

SECTION ONE : PAGE 33 ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS

2C.4hild Health

YWAM MS IS GRATEFUL TO PARTNER WITH THE
PNG NATIONAL DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND
NUMEROUS PROVINCIAL HEALTH AUTHORITIES
TO WORK TOWARDS AN INCREASED COVERAGE
OF CHILDHOOD IMMUNISATIONS ACROSS ITS
AREA OF OPERATIONS.

In 2019, YWAM MS was honoured to continue working alongside rural
health workers to combat a polio outbreak in PNG that had begun in
2018. YWAM MS’ collaboration with Middle Fly District Health Services
to deliver the fourth round of polio supplementary immunisations
(SIA) in the Bamu river was a particular highlight; the YWAM MS team
helped administer a polio vaccine to every child under 15 years old in all
villages visited on the patrols, and supported local health centres with
vaccine supply and fuel to enable workers from those health centres to
independently continue with the polio SIA.

Another notable child health highlight is found in the patrols to the Lake
Murray region of Western Province. YWAM MS collaborative patrol teams
were able to provide over 7,000 immunisations (among other key services)
to children in the region, many of whom had not had, or only had limited
opportunity to receive immunisations prior to this patrol.

SECTION ONE : PAGE 35 ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS

ACROSS THIRTEEN SHIP-BASED & SEVEN LAND-BASED OUTREACHES IN 2019

(TARGETS WITH RANGE 80-120%)

CHILDHOOD IMMUNISATIONS ADMINISTERED

31,561

TARGET: 16,000-24,000

SCHOOL CHILDREN SCREENED FOR ORAL & EYE HEALTH

7,399

IMMUNISATIONS ADMINISTERED

2017 17,077
2018 22,882

2019 31,561

5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS SECTION TWO : PAGE 36

Feature Story

A LITTLE GIRL’S FUTURE

While in Milne Bay in 2017, YWAM MS volunteers encountered a five-year-old girl in severe respiratory distress, unable to
breathe well as a result of asthma and a worsening case of pneumonia. * A combined effort between the clinic teams, ship
crew, the family, and the local healthcare workers saw the girl brought aboard the MV YWAM PNG to receive treatment,
being monitored through the night as her condition stabilised. Once in a more stable condition, the girl was returned to
the nearby healthcare centre, where her care and recovery was overseen by local healthcare workers.

In 2019, the MV YWAM PNG returned to this little girl’s village. Several volunteers on board for the outreach had been
aboard in 2017 and were eager to follow up on her recovery and progress. While in the village, volunteers were able to
meet her again, discovering a girl full of joy, smiles, and energy, a remarkable difference since the last time they had met.
The story of this little girl serves as a sharp reminder of the fragility of life, and the significant difference that having
the right people and the right equipment available makes for peoples’ chances of life. For this girl, a timely medical
intervention two years ago resulted in a renewed chance for a healthy, happy life, and hope for the future.

* Story highlighted in YWAM MS’ 2017 Annual Report, page 38

SECTION ONE : PAGE 37 ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS

2T.u5berculosis &
Mobile Clinical Laboratory

Twenty-nineteen was an exciting year for YWAM MS’ laboratory capabilities, with the combination of microscopy and
increased GeneXpert testing allowing lab teams to diagnose TB accurately and rapidly. This in turn enables remote rural
patients with positive diagnoses to be more quickly identified and referred on for treatment.

Collaboration and partnership continues to shine through in the lab teams each outreach, with members of district
or provincial laboratories regularly participating in collaborative patrols. These local health workers capitalise on the
logistical support YWAM MS can provide to extend their reach in serving the ‘last mile’ of their catchments.

ACROSS THIRTEEN SHIP-BASED & SEVEN
LAND-BASED OUTREACHES IN 2019

INDIVIDUALS SCREENED BY LAB

655

TUBERCULOSIS TESTS CONDUCTED

2017 514
2018 726

2019 1,077

200 400 600 800 1,000

SECTION ONE : PAGE 39 ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS

Feature Story

THE RIGHT TESTING DETERMINES THE RIGHT THERAPY

While on a collaborative patrol in Central Province, a young woman presented to YWAM MS’ lab team. She had completed
two courses of standard TB treatment yet remained quite unwell. YWAM MS’ lab team was able to test her sample and
confirm that she had drug-resistant TB. As a result of this rapid, on-location diagnosis, YWAM MS was able to collaborate
with local health workers from both the district and provincial health teams to organise timely referral. Transport was
arranged for the woman to get to Port Moresby General Hospital to receive the appropriate treatment.

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS SECTION TWO : PAGE 40

2E.6ye Health

In 2019, eye health activities have spanned across both optometry and ophthalmology domains (including operative and
non-operative consultations), providing more than 11,000 people in remote areas with access to optometry services and/
or ophthalmic surgery to address visual impairment (and in many cases, frank blindness). YWAM MS is a member of the
International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness (IAPB) and is grateful for the collaboration with the PNG Prevention
of Blindness Committee throughout the year.

SECTION TWO : PAGE 41 OPTOMETRY
The majority of the patients benefiting from optometry services were in
need of reading glasses. Those represent nearly 8,000 individuals along with
their families whose lives will be improved through a greater ease to perform
their activities of daily living such as reading, writing, sewing, and cooking.
All these basic tasks are much harder without these assistive devices.

Screenings of school students and school-aged children were also
conducted to promote eye health and early detection of problems in
children that may be correctable.

Performance was strong across eye health field deliverables, building
on previous years. Note that optometry patient numbers continued a
consistent growth trend since 2015, with the exclusion of 2018 as an
outlier as it included an extra focus on land-based optometry.

OPHTHALMOLOGY
In 2019, YWAM MS facilitated four ophthalmic outreaches, equaling
its largest ophthalmic outreach number previously achieved in 2018.
Different from 2018, however, was the arrangement of the outreaches:
rather than four standalone ophthalmic outreaches throughout the year,
two sets of two back-to-back ophthalmic outreaches were scheduled to
assist clinical efficiency and provide an opportunity for ophthalmology
clinic volunteers to maximise their travel and stay aboard longer.

In addition to many international volunteers, a range of PNG national
health workers were actively involved in the outreaches, a total of five
served on board including two ophthalmic surgeons, one ophthalmic
clinician, and two scrub nurses.

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS

ACROSS THIRTEEN SHIP-BASED & SEVEN
LAND-BASED OUTREACHES IN 2019

(TARGETS WITH RANGE 80-120%)

OPTOMETRY PATIENTS

11,658

TARGET: 9,920-14,880

OPHTHALMOLOGY PATIENTS

472

TARGET: 384-576

GLASSES DISTRIBUTED BY TYPE

7,996 READING GLASSES
2,160 PRESCRIPTION GLASSES
1,242 SUNGLASSES

OPTOMETRY CLINIC PATIENTS

2015 2,098
2016 8,213
2017 8,697
2018 14,753
2019 11,658

3,000 6,000 9,000 12,000

OPHTHALMOLOGY PROCEDURES

2017 108

2018 269

2019 359

50 100 150 200 250 300 350

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS SECTION TWO : PAGE 42

SECTION TWO : PAGE 43 T W E N T Y-N I N E T E E N
HIGHLIGHTS

YWAM MS had a range of eye health
highlights in 2019, including:

• Mandy, a 10-year-old girl, had
bilateral cataract surgery in 2016.
The ophthalmology team was able
to do a followup assessment and
her vision was still very good; the
surgeon was encouraged to see such
a positive result, when the outcome
of the surgery can be unpredictable
due to age and previous conditions.

• YWAM MS collaborated with PNG’s
Chief Ophthalmologist, Dr Melengas
to connect PNG national surgeons
with rural communities. Dr Ko from
Port Moresby General Hospital and
Dr Wahamu from Mt Hagen General
Hospital each completed one week
of ophthalmic services and surgeries
aboard the MV YWAM PNG. Both
specialists shared how much they
valued being supported to mobilise
on rural outreach and use their skills,
working in the positive collegial
environment facilitated aboard.

• Amazing collaboration with Braun
Hospital and Finschhafen District
staff to provide over 130 eye surgeries
in one outreach - YWAM MS’ highest
number in a single outreach to date!

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS

Feature Story

SELITA

While in Milne Bay Province, the MV YWAM PNG welcomed a young woman and her sister to the onboard ophthalmology
clinic. Selita, 32, and the sister had travelled for around a day. It was later discovered that they had made a treacherous
trek using mountainside chains to maneuver down a steep mountain from her village, Wanama. This would have been a
difficult endeavour for both sisters, but particularly for Selita as she had very dense bilateral cataracts that developed
as a result of injury 17 years ago, limiting her vision to only the perception of light.

After the YWAM MS clinic team screened her eyes, ophthalmologist, Dr Bob Burlingame, determined she would be a
candidate for surgery, and operated on one eye first. When she came back the next day, the clinic staff removed her eye
patch; instantly, a beaming smile formed on her face. The outcome was so successful that they were able to operate
on her second eye. During the few days of recovery after she first received surgery, her vision was continued to exhibit
amazing improvement. Selita and her sister both left the ship overjoyed. They could both now see the world through
hopeful lenses.

“When she came to us she could tell she was down and probably expected a no-go message. We did her cataract surgery,
and for the first time we saw her smile. And other people have seen her in the village since then and say that she smiles
even more.” Dr Bob Burlingame - Ophthalmologist

ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS S ESCE TCITOI ON NT WT WO O: P: AP GA EG E4 41

Feature Story

REMOVING HARM TO RESTORE SIGHT

While on outreach patrol in Gulf province, a man presented to the YWAM MS optometry clinic with eye pain and impaired
vision. YWAM MS’ optometrist investigated the eye and discovered a sliver of steel in his eye. It had been there for some
time, but had not yet become infected or eroded the cornea too badly.

The team then began the process of removing the steel sliver from the eye. Utilising a portable slit lamp to conduct
further assessment, the YWAM MS optometrist had the tools to slowly remove the piece of steel. After a successful
procedure, YWAM MS volunteers provided the gentleman with a pair of sunglasses, coupled with eye health education,
imparting the importance of protecting the eyes and ways this can be achieved. The man is now pain free; this brief,
simple procedure removed the risk of infection and scarring on the eye, preventing lasting damage, and potential need
for a more complex procedure.

SECTION TWO : PAGE 45 ANNUAL REPORT 2019 - YWAM MS