Fundamentals of Drawing Practices

BATAAN PENINSULA STATE UNIVERSITY – MAIN CAMPUS Balanga City, Bataan, Philippines EANI0113 THE FUNDAMENTALS OF DRAWING PRACTICES PREPARED BY: SHERLANE C. MENDOZA

1 PREFACE Welcome to the module on the fundamentals of drawing practices! In this module, we will explore the essential elements and techniques that form the backbone of drawing. Whether you are a beginner seeking to develop your skills or an experienced artist looking to reinforce your foundation, this module will provide valuable insights and practical guidance. Drawing is an art form that has captivated individuals throughout history. It enables us to communicate visually, express our emotions, and capture the beauty of the world around us. However, like any craft, drawing requires a solid understanding of its fundamentals to create impactful and meaningful artworks. This module will delve into key aspects such as lines, shapes, values, textures, and proportions, which form the building blocks of drawing. We will explore the power of lines and how they can convey different emotions and enhance the visual impact of a drawing. We will also examine shapes and their role in accurately representing objects and figures, enabling you to create well-proportioned and harmonious compositions. Understanding values is crucial for achieving depth and dimension in your drawings. Through shading techniques, you will learn how to effectively render light and shadow, adding a sense of realism and form to your artwork. Additionally, we will explore the world of textures and how to recreate various tactile surfaces, adding richness and depth to your drawings. The module will also emphasize the importance of observation, as keen observation skills are at the core of drawing. By closely studying the world around you, you will be able to capture the subtle details and nuances that make your drawings come to life. Lastly, we cannot stress enough the significance of practice. Drawing is a skill that improves with dedication and regular exercise. Throughout this module, you will be encouraged to engage in hands-on exercises and projects that will allow you to apply the concepts and techniques covered. By mastering the fundamentals of drawing practices, you will acquire a solid foundation upon which you can build your artistic journey. Whether your goal is to create realistic representations, express your emotions through abstract compositions, or explore your unique artistic voice, this module will equip you with the necessary tools and knowledge to embark on that path. So, get ready to sharpen your pencils, unleash your creativity, and embark on a transformative learning experience as we delve into the fundamentals of drawing practices. Let us begin this exciting journey together!

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface ………………………………………………………………………………… 1 Table of Contents …………………………………………………………………….. 2-3 Lesson 1: Drawing Technique – Graphite Pencil ………………………………….. 4 Pre-Assessment ………………………………………………………………... 5-6 a. 3 Types of Pencil ………………………………………………………….. 7-8 b. 3 Types of Pencil points …………………………………………………... 8-9 c. 7 Types of Sharpeners …………………………………………………….. 9-11 d. 7 Ways to Sharpen Pencil …………………………………………………. 11 Learning Activity ……………………………………………………………… 11-12 Self-evaluation or Performance Task ………………………………………….. 14-15 Post-Assessment ……………………………………………………………….. 13-14 Lesson 2: Drawing Techniques – Charcoal and Chalk Drawing…………………... 16 Pre-Assessment ………………………………………………………………… 17-18 a. Difference of Charcoal in Graphite Pencil …………………………………. 19 b. Process on how the Charcoal and Chalk Made …………………………….. 19-20 c. Techniques in Using Both Charcoal and Chalk in Drawing ……………….. 20-21 Learning Activity ………………………………………………………………. 21-22 Self-evaluation or Performance Task ………………………………………….. 23-24 Post-Assessment ……………………………………………………………….. 24-25 Lesson 3: Mixing Colors – Color Wheel …………………………………………….. 27 Pre-Assessment ………………………………………………………………… 28-29 a. Discuss Color Wheel and Color Scheme …………………………………... 29-32 b. Discuss the Color of Emotion ……………………………………………… 32-33 Learning Activity ………………………………………………………………. 33-34 Self-evaluation or Performance Task ………………………………………….. 35-37 Post-Assessment ……………………………………………………………….. 34-35 Lesson 4: Mixing Colors – Oil Pastel ……………………………...………………… 38 Pre-Assessment ………………………………………………………………… 39-40 a. Discuss How the Oil Pastel was Made …………………………………….. 41 b. Techniques in Using Oil Pastel ……………………………………………. 42-44 Learning Activity ……………………………………………………………… 44-45 Self-evaluation or Performance Task ………………………………………….. 47-49 Post-Assessment ……………………………………………………………….. 46-47 Lesson 5: Mixing Colors – Colored Pencil ………………………………………….. 50 Pre-Assessment …………………………………………………………..…….. 51-52 a. Discuss How the Colored Pencil was Made ……………………………….. 53

3 b. Techniques in Using Colored Pencil ………………………………………. 53-55 Learning Activity ………………………………………………………………. 56 Self-evaluation or Performance Task …………………………………….…….. 58-60 Post-Assessment ………………………………………………….…………….. 57-58 Lesson 6: Mixing Colors – Watercolor ……………………………………….……… 62 Pre-Assessment ………………………………….……………………………… 63-64 a. Discuss how the Watercolor was Made ……………..……………………… 65-67 b. Techniques in using Watercolor …………………..………………………... 67 Learning Activity ………………….……………………………………………. 68 Self-evaluation or Performance Task …………………………………….…….. 69-70 Post-Assessment ……………………………………………………….……….. 71-73 Lesson 7: Caricature Drawing …………………………………………………….…. 74 Pre-Assessment ………………………………………………………………… 75-76 a. History and Principle ………………………………..……………………... 77-79 b. 2 types of Caricature Drawing …………………………..…………………. 79 c. Techniques in Making Caricature Drawing ………………………..………. 80 Learning Activity ………………………………………………………………. 81 Self-evaluation or Performance Task ………………………………………….. 83-84 Post-Assessment ……………………………………………………………….. 81-83 Lesson 8: Pointillism Drawing ……………………………………………………….. 85 Pre-Assessment ………………………………………………………………… 86-87 a. History and Principles ……………………………………………………… 88 b. Steps and Procedure in Making Pointillism Drawing ……………………… 89-90 c. Techniques in Making Pointillism Drawing ……………………………….. 90-91 Learning Activity ………………………………………………………………. 91 Self-evaluation or Performance Task ………………………………………….. 93-95 Post-Assessment ……………………………………………………………….. 92-93 Final Requirement……………………………………………………………………… 95-98 Reference………………………………………………………………………… 105-107 Index………………………………………………………………………………..………108 The Author…………………………………………………………………………………109

4 LESSON 1: Drawing Technique – Graphite Pencil COURSE CODE: EANI0113

5 Learning Objectives a. Understand the different types of pencils such as graphite, colored and charcoal. b. Identify the different types of sharpeners and on how to use them. c. Explore the characteristics and uses of each type of pencil point, such as sharp, dull, and flat points. Pre-assessment Please note that this is a pre-assessment, and the purpose is to gauge your existing knowledge on the topic. Feel free to answer to the best of your abilities. 1. What is graphite pencil drawing? a) Drawing with pencils made of graphite and colored pigment b) Drawing with pencils made of lead and charcoal c) Drawing with pencils made of graphite and clay d) Drawing with pencils made of graphite and ink 2. What are the different types of graphite pencils available? a) HB, B, and C b) Soft, medium, and hard c) 2B, 4B, and 6B d) All of the above 3. What are the common types of pencil points? a) Sharp, dull, and flat b) Pointed, blunt, and rounded c) Fine, medium, and bold d) All of the above 4. What are the different types of pencil sharpeners? a) Manual, electric, and battery-operated b) Cylinder, wedge, and cone-shaped c) Blade, helical, and rotary d) All of the above

6 5. What is the purpose of a sandpaper block or pad in pencil sharpening? a) To create a finer point on the pencil b) To remove pencil residue from the blade c) To shape the pencil into different angles d) All of the above 6. Which of the following is not a method to sharpen a pencil? a) Using a handheld sharpener b) Using a mechanical pencil c) Using a knife or craft blade d) Using a hairdryer to heat the pencil 7. What are some advantages of using a mechanical pencil for drawing? a) Constantly sharp point b) Ability to adjust lead thickness c) No need for frequent sharpening d) All of the above INTRODUCTION The drawing technique of graphite pencil is a timeless and widely practiced art form that has captivated artists for centuries. Graphite pencil drawings are characterized by their precision, versatility, and ability to create stunning monochromatic compositions. Whether it's creating intricate details, achieving a broad range of values, or capturing subtle textures, graphite pencil offers artists a versatile medium for self-expression. Graphite, a form of carbon, is the primary component of these pencils. It is mixed with clay and other binders to create a core that is encased in a wooden barrel. The varying proportions of graphite to clay determine the pencil's hardness or softness, which directly affects the darkness and the ease with which it marks the paper. One of the significant advantages of using graphite pencils for drawing is their ability to produce fine, controlled lines. By adjusting the pressure applied to the pencil, artists can create delicate, light strokes or bold, dark lines, allowing for a wide range of artistic expression. This versatility makes graphite pencil an excellent choice for everything from detailed illustrations to expressive sketches. Graphite pencil drawing techniques encompass a variety of methods that artists employ to bring their visions to life. Hatching and cross-hatching involve using closely spaced parallel or intersecting lines to create shading and texture. Stippling uses a series of small dots to build up tone and texture. Blending and smudging techniques involve manipulating graphite on the paper with tools such as tortillons or blending stumps to achieve smooth transitions and gradients. Shading and tonal variation are vital aspects of graphite pencil drawing. Artists can achieve different shades by utilizing a range of pencil grades, from hard to soft. By layering strokes, applying varying amounts of pressure, and blending, artists can create a three-dimensional illusion and bring depth to their drawings. Mastering these techniques requires practice, observation, and a keen eye for values and light. While graphite pencil drawings offer incredible precision and control, it's important to be mindful of common mistakes to avoid. Applying excessive pressure can create unintended marks and indentations on the paper, while neglecting to use different pencil grades may result in a lack of tonal variation. Overworking a drawing can lead to the loss of subtle details and a muddy appearance. By being aware of these pitfalls, artists can refine their skills and produce more polished and visually engaging graphite pencil drawings. In the hands of skilled artists, graphite pencil drawings can capture the beauty of the world with

7 remarkable intricacy and detail. From lifelike portraits to evocative landscapes, graphite pencil allows artists to explore a wide range of subjects, textures, and moods. Whether you're a beginner discovering the magic of drawing or an experienced artist looking to refine your techniques, graphite pencil offers endless possibilities for artistic expression and creativity. What is drawing? Drawing is the act of creating pictures or images by making lines, shapes, and marks on a surface using tools like pencils, pens, or brushes. It's a way to express ideas, observations, or feelings visually. It can be a fun and creative way to make pictures or communicate visually. What is Pencil? A pencil is a simple writing and drawing tool that consists of a narrow cylinder-shaped object filled with a core material, usually graphite or a mixture of graphite and clay. It has a wooden or plastic barrel that holds the core in place. When you apply pressure to the tip of the pencil on a surface, the core leaves a mark, allowing you to write, draw, or sketch. Pencils are commonly used for writing, drawing, shading, and other forms of artistic expression. They come in different sizes, colors, and hardness levels, offering versatility for various purposes. Pencils are lightweight, portable, and easy to use, making them a popular choice for many people. 3 types of Pencil 1. Graphite Pencils: Graphite pencils are the most widely used type of pencil for drawing. They have a graphite core mixed with clay and other binders, which determines their hardness or softness. The scale of hardness typically ranges from 9H (hard) to 9B (soft). H pencils have more clay and produce lighter, crisper lines, while B pencils have more graphite and create darker, softer lines. The HB pencil, considered a medium grade, is a balance between the two and is often used for general drawing purposes. 2. Colored Pencils: Colored pencils consist of a wax or oil-based core infused with pigments that produce a variety of colors. They come in a vast range of hues and tones, allowing artists to create vibrant and detailed drawings. Colored pencils can be layered, blended, and shaded to achieve a wide range of effects. They are popular among artists, illustrators, and hobbyists for their versatility and ease of use.

8 3. Charcoal Pencils: Charcoal pencils are specifically designed for drawing with charcoal, a black, carbon-based medium. These pencils have a compressed charcoal core encased in wood, offering more control and precision compared to traditional charcoal sticks. Charcoal pencils are known for their rich, velvety black marks and their ability to create expressive and dramatic effects. They are often favored for creating bold and dynamic drawings, especially in areas that require strong contrasts and textures. 3 types of pencil points 1. Sharp Point: A sharp point is created by sharpening the pencil to a fine tip. It is characterized by its narrow and precise mark-making ability. A sharp pencil point is often used for detailed work, such as creating fine lines, intricate patterns, or adding small, precise details to a drawing. It allows for controlled and precise drawing, making it an essential point for achieving intricate and delicate artwork. 2. Dull Point/Rounded: A dull point is achieved by intentionally blunting the tip of the pencil. It is broader and provides a wider mark on the paper compared to a sharp point. A dull pencil point is useful for creating broader strokes, shading larger areas, and covering more significant areas with graphite. It is commonly used for filling in large spaces or adding mid-tone values to a drawing. The broader surface area of a dull point allows for quicker coverage and can create a softer, more diffused effect.

9 3. Flat Point/Chisel Point: A flat point is created by intentionally wearing down the pencil tip to create a flat surface. This point allows for a broad and consistent stroke, similar to using the side of a pencil lead. It is ideal for producing wide, expressive lines, shading larger areas, or creating bold textures. The flat point can be used to achieve distinct effects, such as cross-hatching or creating broad, gestural marks with a consistent thickness. 7 types of Sharpeners 1. Manual Handheld Sharpener: This is the most traditional and widely used type of pencil sharpener. It consists of a small plastic or metal body with a sharpening blade inside. The pencil is inserted into the hole, and by rotating it manually, the blade shaves away the wood and graphite to create a sharp point. 2. Electric Sharpener: Electric sharpeners are powered by electricity and offer a quick and effortless way to sharpen pencils. They have a motorized mechanism that automatically rotates the pencil and sharpens it when inserted into the sharpener. Electric sharpeners are especially convenient for artists who need to sharpen a large number of pencils or desire a consistent and precise point. 3. Battery-Operated Sharpener: Similar to electric sharpeners, battery-operated sharpeners use battery power to rotate the pencil and sharpen it. They offer portability and can be used without access to an electrical outlet, making them suitable for artists on the go or those working in outdoor settings.

10 4. Blade Sharpener: Blade sharpeners are handheld sharpeners with a small, replaceable blade. They provide more control over the sharpening process, allowing artists to customize the pencil's point and angle. Blade sharpeners are often used for specialty pencils or when a specific point shape is desired. 5. Helical Sharpener: Helical sharpeners are commonly found in schools or offices. They feature a cylindrical body with a rotating helical blade inside. When the pencil is inserted, the blade spins around the pencil, gradually sharpening it. Helical sharpeners are known for their consistent sharpening performance and are capable of sharpening pencils to a precise point. 6. Rotary Sharpener: Rotary sharpeners are similar to helical sharpeners but have a larger body with a wider opening to accommodate various pencil sizes. They typically have multiple holes for different pencil diameters, allowing artists to sharpen a range of pencils without needing multiple sharpeners. 7. Sandpaper Block or Pad: Although not a traditional sharpener, sandpaper blocks or pads are often used to shape and refine pencil points. They consist of a block or pad coated with fine-grit sandpaper. By gently rubbing the pencil on the sandpaper surface, artists can shape and sharpen the pencil to their desired point.

11 7 ways to Sharpen Pencil 1. Handheld Sharpener: This is the traditional method of sharpening a pencil. Insert the pencil into the hole of a manual handheld sharpener and rotate it clockwise or counterclockwise to shave away the wood and expose the graphite core. Continue rotating until the desired point is achieved. 2. Knife or Craft Blade: Using a sharp knife or craft blade, carefully remove the wood casing by gently slicing it away from the pencil tip. Rotate the pencil as you cut to ensure an even removal of wood. Once the wood is removed, shape the graphite core to a point by carefully shaving away excess graphite with the knife or blade. 3. Sandpaper Block or Pad: Wrap a piece of fine-grit sandpaper around a block or hold it flat on a pad. Hold the pencil at an angle and rub it against the sandpaper, moving it in a circular or backand-forth motion. Continuously rotate the pencil to achieve an even point. Sandpaper can be effective for shaping and refining the point of a pencil. 4. Electric Sharpener: If you have an electric sharpener, simply insert the pencil into the designated slot. The sharpener's motor will automatically rotate the pencil and sharpen it to a point. Electric sharpeners provide a quick and effortless way to sharpen pencils, especially when dealing with a large number of pencils. 5. Battery-Operated Sharpener: Similar to electric sharpeners, battery-operated sharpeners offer convenience and portability. Insert the pencil into the sharpener and switch it on. The batteryoperated motor will rotate the pencil and sharpen it, providing a consistent and precise point. 6. Sandpaper Pad with Block: Attach a piece of sandpaper to a wooden block using double-sided tape or adhesive. Hold the pencil at an angle and rub it against the sandpaper on the block, moving it in a circular or back-and-forth motion. The block provides a stable surface and makes it easier to sharpen the pencil evenly. 7. Rotary Sharpener: If you have a rotary sharpener, insert the pencil into the appropriate-sized hole and turn the crank or handle. The sharpener's internal mechanism will rotate the pencil and sharpen it to a point. Rotary sharpeners are convenient and capable of sharpening pencils to a precise point. Learning Activity 1: Exploring Shades with Pencils Materials needed: ⚫ Pencils (preferably graphite pencils) with different hardness grades (e.g., 2B, 4B, 6B, HB) ⚫ Drawing paper or sketchbook ⚫ Pencil sharpener Note: This activity is a great opportunity to practice your drawing skills and understand how different graphite grades can produce different shades. Have fun and enjoy the process of creating a range of tones using pencils! Instructions: 1. Gather your materials and find a comfortable workspace. 2. Start by selecting a pencil with a harder graphite grade, such as HB. This pencil will create lighter shades. 3. Use the pencil to make a series of parallel lines or shading patches on your drawing paper. Apply varying amounts of pressure to the pencil while drawing to create different intensities of shade. Experiment with different stroke techniques like hatching, cross-hatching, or shading in circular motions. 4. Observe the range of shades you can create with the HB pencil, from light to medium tones. Take note of the pressure applied and the resulting shade variations. 5. Now, switch to a pencil with a softer graphite grade, such as 2B or 4B. These pencils will create darker shades. 6. Repeat the process of making parallel lines or shading patches on a different area of the paper using the softer graphite pencil. Again, vary the pressure and stroke techniques to create different shades. 7. Compare the shades created with the softer pencil to those made with the harder pencil. Notice the increased darkness and richness of the softer pencil marks.

12 8. If you have additional pencils with different hardness grades, continue the process, exploring the shades they can produce. Take note of the distinct characteristics of each pencil. 9. Feel free to experiment further by blending different shades together, layering the pencil marks, or trying out different textures and patterns. 10. Once you've finished exploring, step back and observe your artwork, noticing the range of shades you've achieved with the various pencils. SEE IMAGE REFERENCE: Summary of Lesson: Drawing Technique - Graphite Pencil During this lesson, we explored the drawing technique of using a graphite pencil. We discussed the different types of pencils, pencil points, sharpeners, and methods to sharpen pencils. The lesson began with an introduction to the graphite pencil as a versatile tool for drawing. We learned about its core component, which is made of a mixture of graphite and clay. The hardness of the pencil determines the darkness and softness of the line it creates. We then delved into the three types of pencils commonly used: HB, 2B, and 4B. HB is a medium-grade pencil, 2B is softer and darker, while 4B is even softer and produces a richer tone. We understood that different pencil grades are suitable for various drawing purposes and techniques. Next, we explored the three types of pencil points: sharp, dull, and flat. A sharp point is ideal for precise details and lines, while a dull point creates softer and broader strokes. A flat point, achieved by shaving the pencil tip, allows for unique shading effects. We also learned about seven types of sharpeners available, including manual, electric, and blade sharpeners. Each sharpener has its advantages and is suitable for different pencil types and personal preferences. Additionally, we discussed seven ways to sharpen pencils, such as the traditional twisting method, back-and-forth motion, or using sandpaper. Each technique produces a distinct pencil point, allowing artists to experiment and achieve desired effects in their drawings. To apply our knowledge practically, we engaged in learning activities and performance tasks. We had hands-on experiences sharpening pencils to create the three types of pencil points. We also participated in quizzes and performance tasks that required us to showcase our understanding of pencil points, grades, and sharpening techniques. By the end of the lesson, we developed a solid foundation in the drawing technique of using a graphite pencil. We learned how to choose the right pencil grade, create different pencil points, and sharpen pencils effectively. These skills enable us to explore various drawing styles, from precise details to soft shading, and expand our artistic abilities.

13 Post-assessment Please note that this is a post-assessment, and the purpose is to gauge your existing knowledge on the topic. Feel free to answer to the best of your abilities. 1. What is graphite pencil drawing? a) Drawing with pencils made of graphite and colored pigment b) Drawing with pencils made of lead and charcoal c) Drawing with pencils made of graphite and clay d) Drawing with pencils made of graphite and ink 2. What are the different types of graphite pencils available? a) HB, B, and C b) Soft, medium, and hard c) 2B, 4B, and 6B d) All of the above 3. What are the common types of pencil points? a) Sharp, dull, and flat b) Pointed, blunt, and rounded c) Fine, medium, and bold d) All of the above 4. What are the different types of pencil sharpeners? a) Manual, electric, and battery-operated b) Cylinder, wedge, and cone-shaped c) Blade, helical, and rotary d) All of the above 5. What is the purpose of a sandpaper block or pad in pencil sharpening? a) To create a finer point on the pencil b) To remove pencil residue from the blade c) To shape the pencil into different angles d) All of the above 6. Which of the following is not a method to sharpen a pencil? a) Using a handheld sharpener b) Using a mechanical pencil c) Using a knife or craft blade

14 d) Using a hairdryer to heat the pencil 7. What are some advantages of using a mechanical pencil for drawing? a) Constantly sharp point b) Ability to adjust lead thickness c) No need for frequent sharpening d) All of the above Performance Task: Hands-On Sharpening Techniques for Different Pencil Points Objective: To demonstrate proficiency in sharpening pencils to achieve different pencil point techniques, including sharp points, dull points, and flat points. Materials needed: • 3 Pencils of different grades (HB, 2B, 4B) • Pencil sharpener (preferably one that accommodates various pencil point styles) • Sandpaper or sanding block • Knife or craft blade • Optional: Erasers, blending tools (tortillons, blending stumps), drawing paper Instructions: 1. Preparation: • Gather all the necessary materials, including pencils of different grades (HB, 2B, 4B), a pencil sharpener that accommodates various pencil point styles, sandpaper or sanding block, and a knife or craft blade. • Set up a well-lit and comfortable workspace for the sharpening process. 2. Sharp Point Technique: • Choose a pencil of your preferred grade (e.g., HB) and insert it into the pencil sharpener. • Hold the pencil sharpener firmly and rotate the pencil in a clockwise motion, applying gentle pressure. • Continue sharpening until you achieve a sharp point. Rotate the pencil periodically to ensure an even sharpening. 3. Dull Point Technique: • Select another pencil of the same or different grade (e.g., 2B) and insert it into the pencil sharpener. • This time, instead of rotating the pencil in a traditional manner, apply slight pressure while rotating it back and forth. This technique blunts the tip slightly, creating a dull point. 4. Flat Point Technique: • Take a pencil of your choice (e.g., 4B) and carefully hold it with one hand. • Using a knife or craft blade, carefully shave off a small portion of the pencil's tip at a slight angle. Repeat this process on the opposite side, gradually creating a flat surface. • To refine the flat point, gently rub the pencil tip against sandpaper or a sanding block, ensuring a smooth and flat result. 5. Testing and Practicing:

15 • Once you have sharpened pencils with sharp, dull, and flat points, test them on drawing paper or any suitable surface. • Experiment with different techniques and observe how each pencil point affects the line quality, shading, and texture in your drawings. • Explore the possibilities by combining different pencil point techniques in a single artwork. 6. Reflection: • Reflect on your experience with sharpening pencils to achieve different pencil point techniques. • Consider the advantages and disadvantages of each point style and how they can be applied to specific drawing purposes. • Evaluate the impact of pencil point techniques on your drawings and identify areas for improvement or further exploration. Note: Exercise caution while handling the knife or craft blade, and ensure proper adult supervision if required. Take your time to sharpen the pencils and practice different techniques. The process may require some trial and error to achieve the desired results. RUBRICS CRITERIA EXCELLENT (4) GOOD (3) FAIR (2) NEEDS IMPROVEMENT (1) Pencil Points Successfully creates sharp, dull, and flat pencil points with precision and accuracy. Creates different pencil points with reasonable accuracy. Creates some pencil points but with limited accuracy. Struggles to create pencil points with poor accuracy. Craftsmanship Produces clean and neatly sharpened pencils with attention to detail. Produces clean and neatly sharpened pencils with minimal inconsistencies. Produces adequate but occasionally untidy sharpened pencils. Produces messy and unevenly sharpened pencils with significant flaws. Technique Show precise and accurate sharpening skills with consistent and excellent results. Show effective sharpening skills with some degree of success. Show basic sharpening skills with inconsistent results. Show limited sharpening skills with minimal success. Total: 12 9 6 3

16 Reference Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Drawing. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary https://www.merriamwebster.com/dictionary/drawing#:~:text=%3A%20the%20act%20or %20art%20of,sketch%20by%20means%20of%20lines Cambridge Dictionary. (n.d.). Pencil. In Cambridge Dictionary https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/pencil Faber-Castell. (n.d.). Graphite Pencil Lead Degree Hardness. In Faber-Castell: Creativity for Life. https://www.fabercastell.com/blogs/creativity-for-life/graphite-pencil-lead-degree hardness#:~:text=Graphite%20Pencil%20Degrees%20of%20Hardness%20Scale%20Explained %3A&text=Graphite%20pencils%20are%20classified%20as,number%20the%20higher%20the %20intensity. Wikibooks. (n.d.). Drafting/Freehand Drawing. In Wikibooks, The Free Textbook Project. https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Drafting/Freehand_Drawing#:~:text=Pencil%20points%20 may%20be%20sharpened,the%20chisel%2C%20and%20the%20elliptical. Food Fire Friends. (n.d.). Types of Knife Sharpeners: Which is Best for You? In Food Fire Friends. Retrieved, from https://www.foodfirefriends.com/types-knife-sharpeners/ Mont Marte. (n.d.). 10 Tips for Sharpening Art Pencils. In MontMarte International Pty Ltd. https://www.montmarte.net/blogs/tips-techniques/10-tips-for-sharpening-art-pencils Answer Key LESSON 1: Pre and Post Assessment c) Drawing with pencils made of graphite and clay 1. d) All of the above (HB, B, and C; soft, medium, and hard; 2B, 4B, and 6B) 2. above (sharp, dull, and flat; pointed, blunt, and rounded; fine, medium, d) All of the 3. and bold) c) Blade, helical, and rotary 4. d) All of the above (to create a finer point on the pencil, to remove pencil residue 5. ngles) from the blade, to shape the pencil into different a d) Using a hairdryer to heat the pencil 6. d) All of the above (constantly sharp point, ability to adjust lead thickness, no need 7. for frequent sharpening)

17 LESSON 2: Drawing Techniques – Charcoal and Chalk Drawing COURSE CODE: EANI0113

18 Learning Objectives a. Understand the difference of charcoal and graphite pencil. b. Identify the process on how the charcoal and chalk made. c. Explore the techniques in using both charcoal and chalk in drawing. Pre-assessment Please note that this is a pre-assessment, and the purpose is to gauge your existing knowledge on the topic. Feel free to answer to the best of your abilities. 1. What is the main difference between charcoal and graphite in a pencil? a) Charcoal is made from burnt organic material, while graphite is a form of carbon. b) Charcoal creates darker blacks and grays, while graphite produces a range of gray tones. c) Charcoal has a rougher texture, while graphite has a smoother texture. 2. Which material is commonly used to make charcoal? a) Wood b) Limestone c) Coconut shells 3. What is the process called when wood or organic material is heated in a low-oxygen environment to make charcoal? a) Carbonization b) Calcination c) Combustion 4. Which technique involves rubbing the charcoal over a textured object placed underneath the paper? a) Contour drawing b) Blending and smudging c) Frottage 5. How can you protect a finished chalk drawing from smudging? a) Apply fixative spray b) Use a kneaded eraser c) Keep it in a sealed container

19 6. What is the technique called when layers of chalk are applied to build up colors and create depth? a) Scumbling b) Sgraffito c) Layering 7. Which material is commonly used for creating detailed lines and textures by scratching or scraping through layers? a) Charcoal b) Graphite c) Chalk 8. True or False: Charcoal is easier to erase than graphite. 9. True or False: Chalk is primarily made from wood. 10. True or False: Blending and smudging are effective techniques for both charcoal and chalk. INTRODUCTION Charcoal and chalk are two popular mediums used by artists for drawing and sketching. They offer unique qualities and techniques that allow artists to create expressive and textured artworks. Charcoal is made from burnt organic material, typically wood, and it is known for its rich, dark blacks and grays. Charcoal pencils are made with compressed charcoal, allowing for precise control and versatile mark-making. Charcoal is particularly favored for its ability to create dramatic contrasts, expressive lines, and soft smudges, which add depth and character to drawings. Artists often use charcoal for figure drawing, portrait art, and creating atmospheric effects due to its bold and dynamic nature. Chalk, on the other hand, is primarily made from limestone. Chalk sticks or pastels are created by crushing and grinding the limestone into a fine powder, which is then mixed with water to form a paste and shaped into sticks. Chalk drawings are characterized by their soft, delicate colors and a matte texture. Chalk offers a range of techniques, including blending, layering, and scumbling, allowing artists to achieve a variety of effects such as smooth gradients, subtle transitions, and textured surfaces. Chalk is often used for still life drawings, landscapes, and creating soft and ethereal compositions. Both charcoal and chalk offer artists the ability to work with a broad range of values, from light to dark. They provide opportunities for blending and smudging, enabling the creation of smooth transitions and atmospheric effects. However, charcoal is known for its boldness, while chalk offers a softer and more delicate approach. Understanding the properties and techniques of charcoal and chalk opens up a world of creative possibilities for artists. Whether you prefer the expressive and dramatic nature of charcoal or the gentle and subtle effects of chalk, both mediums allow for exploration and experimentation in drawing. Artists can choose the medium that best suits their artistic style and the desired effect they wish to achieve in their artwork. What is Charcoal Pencil and Chalk? Charcoal pencil is a compressed charcoal stick encased in a wooden barrel, offering convenience, control, and the ability to create detailed marks. Chalk refers to soft pastels or chalk pastels, which are sticks of colored pigment with a binder, allowing for vibrant colors, blending,

20 and layering techniques. Both charcoal pencils and chalk pastels provide artists with unique qualities and techniques to explore in their drawings. CHARCOAL PENCIL CHALK What is the difference of Charcoal in Graphite Pencil? Charcoal and graphite are both commonly used as materials in pencils, but they have some distinct differences. Here are the key differences between charcoal and graphite in a pencil: 1. Composition: Graphite pencils contain graphite as the core material, whereas charcoal pencils are made with compressed charcoal. Graphite is a form of carbon, while charcoal is made from burnt organic material, such as wood. 2. Color and Tone: Graphite pencils produce a range of gray tones, from light gray to deep black, depending on the hardness of the graphite. Charcoal pencils, on the other hand, create rich, dark blacks and grays with a more matte and textured appearance. Charcoal can smudge easily and is often used for expressive and dramatic drawings. 3. Texture and Handling: Graphite pencils typically have a smooth texture and glide easily on paper. They can be sharpened to a fine point, allowing for precise and detailed work. Charcoal pencils, on the other hand, have a rougher texture due to the particles of charcoal. They create a slightly grainy and smudgy effect on the paper, making them suitable for more expressive and gestural drawings. 4. Erasability: Graphite is generally easier to erase than charcoal. Since graphite creates lighter marks, it can be erased more cleanly without leaving significant residue. Charcoal tends to be more stubborn when it comes to erasing, and even after erasing, some remnants or smudges may remain. 5. Techniques and Applications: Graphite pencils are widely used for various purposes, including technical drawings, shading, sketching, and realistic rendering. They are versatile and well-suited for both precise and detailed work as well as broader tonal ranges. Charcoal pencils, on the other hand, are popularly used for expressive and dramatic drawings, emphasizing contrast, texture, and a looser style. They are commonly used in figure drawing, portrait art, and creating atmospheric effects. What is the Process on how the Charcoal and Chalk Made? Charcoal: 1. Source Material Selection: Charcoal is typically made from wood, although other organic materials like coconut shells or peat can also be used. The type of wood or organic material selected can affect the quality and characteristics of the resulting charcoal. 2. Carbonization: The selected wood or organic material is heated in a low-oxygen environment, a process called carbonization. This is usually done in a kiln or an airtight

21 container, such as a metal drum or earth mound, to prevent the material from burning completely. The absence of oxygen during carbonization allows the material to transform into charcoal instead of turning into ash. 3. Heating Process: The container or kiln is heated, and as the temperature rises, volatile components such as water, gases, and impurities are driven off, leaving behind the carbonized material. 4. Cooling and Stabilization: Once the carbonization process is complete, the container or kiln is allowed to cool down. This cooling process helps stabilize the charcoal and prevents it from breaking or crumbling. 5. Sorting and Grading: The resulting charcoal is then sorted based on size and quality. It can be further processed by crushing or grinding into different particle sizes depending on its intended use. Chalk: 1. Source Material Selection: Chalk is made from limestone, which is a sedimentary rock composed primarily of calcium carbonate. Limestone deposits are commonly found in areas with ancient seabeds. 2. Quarrying: The limestone is extracted from quarries through drilling, blasting, or mechanical excavation. Large blocks or pieces of limestone are obtained. 3. Crushing and Grinding: The extracted limestone is crushed into smaller pieces and then ground into a fine powder. This can be done using crushers and mills to achieve the desired particle size. 4. Mixing and Forming: The powdered limestone is mixed with water to form a slurry or paste. This slurry is then poured into molds or extruded into the desired shape, typically cylindrical sticks for chalk. 5. Drying: The molded chalk sticks are dried either by air drying or through the use of drying chambers or kilns. This helps remove moisture from the chalk and solidify it. 6. Finishing and Packaging: Once the chalk sticks are dry, they may undergo a finishing process where excess material is removed or smoothed. They are then packaged for distribution and sale. Techniques in Using Both Charcoal and Chalk in Drawing Charcoal Techniques: 1. Contour Drawing: Charcoal is well-suited for capturing the contours and shapes of objects. Start by lightly sketching the outlines of your subject, then gradually build up darker lines and shadows using the side of the charcoal stick. 2. Value Rendering: Charcoal is excellent for creating a wide range of values, from light grays to deep blacks. Use varying pressure and blending techniques to achieve smooth transitions and a sense of depth in your drawings. 3. Blending and Smudging: Charcoal is highly smudgeable, allowing you to create soft and subtle gradients. Use your fingers, blending stumps, or soft brushes to blend and smudge the charcoal marks. This technique can be used to achieve atmospheric effects or to create texture. 4. Hatching and Cross-Hatching: Use thin, parallel lines (hatching) or overlapping lines (cross-hatching) with charcoal to create texture, shading, and depth. Vary the direction, density, and thickness of the lines to achieve different effects.

22 5. Frottage: Frottage involves placing a textured object (such as a piece of fabric or a leaf) underneath your paper and rubbing the charcoal over it. This technique transfers the texture onto the paper, resulting in interesting patterns and effects. Chalk Techniques: 1. Blending and Smudging: Chalk can be easily blended and smudged to create soft and atmospheric effects. Use your fingers, blending stumps, or soft brushes to blend the chalk marks together. This technique works particularly well for creating smooth transitions and subtle gradations of color. 2. Layering and Scumbling: Chalk can be layered to build up colors and create depth. Apply multiple layers of chalk, either using the same color or different hues, to achieve richer tones and variations. Scumbling involves applying a light layer of chalk over a darker base to create a textured effect. 3. Sgraffito: This technique involves scratching or scraping through layers of chalk to reveal the underlying colors or the white paper. Use a sharp tool, such as a pencil tip or a craft knife, to create detailed lines, textures, or highlights. 4. Stippling: Stippling is the process of creating patterns or textures by applying small, dots or dashes of chalk to the paper. Vary the density, size, and spacing of the dots to create different effects, such as gradients or the illusion of texture. 5. Fixative Application: Chalk is relatively fragile and can easily smudge or erase. To protect your finished chalk drawings, apply a fixative spray over them. This helps set the chalk and prevent smudging. Make sure to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer when using fixatives. Learning Activity 1: Experimentation and Exploration! Materials needed: 1. Charcoal pencils (soft, medium, and hard) 2. Chalk pastels (a variety of colors) 3. Drawing paper or sketchbook 4. Blending stumps or cotton swabs 5. Pencil sharpener 6. Eraser Note: The key to this activity is experimentation and exploration. Allow yourself to be creative, try different approaches, and have fun discovering the range of affects you can achieve with charcoal pencils and chalk pastels. Instructions: 1. Set up your workspace with all the materials within reach. 2. Start with the charcoal pencils: a. Take the soft charcoal pencil and lightly sketch an outline or shape on your paper. b. Gradually build up darker lines and shading using the side of the pencil. Experiment with different pressures to create variations in value and texture.

23 c. Use the medium and hard charcoal pencils to add additional details or areas of lighter shading. Notice how the different hardness levels affect the darkness and texture of the marks. d. Blend and smudge the charcoal marks using your fingers, a blending stump, or a cotton swab. This technique helps create smooth transitions and soft gradients. e. Add highlights or erase selectively using an eraser, creating contrast and emphasizing certain areas. 3. Move on to the chalk pastels: a. Select a chalk pastel color and lightly apply it to your paper. Explore different colors and experiment with layering them to create new hues and shades. b. Use your fingers or a blending stump to blend and smudge the chalk marks together. Try creating soft transitions and gradients by blending adjacent colors. c. Use the side of the chalk pastel stick to cover larger areas or create broad strokes. Experiment with different pressures and angles to achieve varying textures and effects. d. Add details or highlights by using the edge or tip of the chalk pastel stick. Explore different mark-making techniques, such as cross-hatching or stippling, to create texture and depth. e. Use an eraser or a clean cloth to selectively remove or lighten areas of the chalk pastel, allowing for more control over the composition. 4. Feel free to combine the use of charcoal pencils and chalk pastels in your artwork. Experiment with layering charcoal lines over chalk pastel backgrounds or vice versa, creating interesting contrasts and effects. 5. Take your time to explore and experiment with different techniques and combinations of charcoal and chalk. Enjoy the process of discovering the unique qualities and possibilities each medium offers. SEE IMAGE REFERENCE:

24 Summary of Lesson: Drawing Techniques – Charcoal and Chalk Drawing The lesson provides an overview of charcoal and chalk in drawing. It begins by explaining the key differences between charcoal and graphite in a pencil, highlighting their composition, color, texture, erasability, and techniques. The lesson then delves into the process of making charcoal, which involves carbonizing organic materials such as wood, and chalk, which is derived from limestone. It explains the steps involved in the production of both materials, including heating, cooling, and shaping. Next, the lesson explores various techniques for using charcoal and chalk effectively in drawing. For charcoal, it covers contour drawing, value rendering, blending and smudging, hatching and cross-hatching, and frottage. For chalk, it discusses blending and smudging, layering and scumbling, sgraffito, stippling, and fixative application. Additionally, the lesson offers an assessment to test your knowledge on the topics covered. It concludes by providing an introduction to charcoal pencils and chalk pastels, explaining their characteristics and advantages. Overall, the lesson provides a comprehensive understanding of charcoal and chalk in drawing, including their properties, production processes, techniques, and applications. It aims to equip you with the knowledge and skills necessary to explore and create art using these versatile mediums. Post-assessment Please note that this is a post-assessment, and the purpose is to gauge your existing knowledge on the topic. Feel free to answer to the best of your abilities. 1. What is the main difference between charcoal and graphite in a pencil? a) Charcoal is made from burnt organic material, while graphite is a form of carbon. b) Charcoal creates darker blacks and grays, while graphite produces a range of gray tones. c) Charcoal has a rougher texture, while graphite has a smoother texture. 2. Which material is commonly used to make charcoal? a) Wood b) Limestone c) Coconut shells 3. What is the process called when wood or organic material is heated in a low-oxygen environment to make charcoal? a) Carbonization b) Calcination c) Combustion 4. Which technique involves rubbing the charcoal over a textured object placed underneath the paper? a) Contour drawing

25 b) Blending and smudging c) Frottage 5. How can you protect a finished chalk drawing from smudging? a) Apply fixative spray b) Use a kneaded eraser c) Keep it in a sealed container 6. What is the technique called when layers of chalk are applied to build up colors and create depth? a) Scumbling b) Sgraffito c) Layering 7. Which material is commonly used for creating detailed lines and textures by scratching or scraping through layers? a) Charcoal b) Graphite c) Chalk 8. True or False: Charcoal is easier to erase than graphite. 9. True or False: Chalk is primarily made from wood. 10. True or False: Blending and smudging are effective techniques for both charcoal and chalk. Performance Task: Portrait using Charcoal and Chalk! Materials needed: 1. Drawing paper or sketchbook 2. Mirror or a well-lit room 3. Charcoal sticks or pencils (soft, medium, and hard) 4. Chalk pastels (various colors) 5. Blending stumps or cotton swabs 6. Erasers (kneaded eraser and regular eraser) Instructions: 1. Set up your workspace in a well-lit area with a mirror positioned in front of you. If a mirror is not available, use a self-portrait reference photo.

26 2. Begin by lightly sketching the basic shapes and proportions of your face using a charcoal pencil. Start with an oval shape for the head and then add guidelines for the eyes, nose, and mouth. 3. Observe your features in the mirror or reference photo and slowly develop the details of your face. Use a combination of soft, medium, and hard charcoal pencils to add shading, contours, and textures. Pay attention to the light and shadow areas to create depth and threedimensionality. 4. Blend the charcoal marks using a blending stump or a cotton swab. This helps to soften the lines and create smoother transitions between tones. 5. Use chalk pastels to add color and highlights to your self-portrait. Select the colors that closely match your skin tone and gently apply them using broad strokes or by dabbing the pastels on the paper. Blend the pastel marks using your fingers or a blending stump to create a natural-looking complexion. 6. Explore using different colors of chalk pastels for additional details like hair, eyes, and clothing. Remember to observe and capture the nuances of color and texture accurately. 7. Use an eraser, both kneaded and regular, to selectively remove or lighten areas to refine the details. Erase highlights, adjust the edges, or correct any mistakes. 8. Continue working on your self-portrait, gradually building up layers of charcoal and chalk pastel, until you are satisfied with the overall result. Take breaks and step back occasionally to assess your progress. 9. Once you have completed your self-portrait, consider using a fixative spray to protect your artwork from smudging. Follow the manufacturer's instructions when using fixative. Note: Creating a self-portrait takes time and practice. Be patient with yourself and allow your unique features and artistic style to shine through in your artwork. Have fun and enjoy the process of capturing your likeness on paper! SEE IMAGE REFERENCE:

27 RUBRICS CRITERIA EXCELLENT (4) GOOD (3) FAIR (2) NEEDS IMPROVEMENT (1) Skill in Technical Execution Demonstrates exceptional skill in executing technical aspects of the artwork, including proportions, details, and textures, with accuracy and attention to detail. Shows skill in executing technical aspects of the artwork, including proportions, details, and textures, with accuracy. Exhibits adequate skill in executing technical aspects of the artwork, but with some inconsistencies or inaccuracies. Lacks proficiency in executing technical aspects of the artwork, resulting in significant inaccuracies and lack of attention to detail. Composition and Design Demonstrates strong composition and design principles, effectively utilizing space, balance, proportion, and focal point. Shows an understanding of composition and design principles, with some areas for improvement. Exhibits some understanding of composition and design principles, but there are areas of imbalance or lack of cohesion. Lacks understanding of composition and design principles, resulting in a poorly composed and visually unappealing artwork. Technique of Medium Skillful use and mastery of charcoal and chalk mediums, showing expertise in handling and applying them to create desired effects. Demonstrates proficiency in handling and applying charcoal and chalk mediums, resulting in well-defined features and textures. Exhibits proficiency in handling and applying charcoal and chalk mediums, but with some areas for improvement. Lacks proficiency in handling and applying charcoal and chalk mediums, resulting in rough and inconsistent application of the mediums. Color and Value Skillful use of color and value, effectively depicting form and depth, enhancing realism and dimension. Demonstrates proficiency in incorporating color and value to depict form and depth. Exhibits proficiency in incorporating color and value, but with some areas for improvement. Lacks proficiency in utilizing color and value to depict form and depth. Limited use of color and value range. Overall Impression Exceptional impression and overall craftsmanship, showcasing creativity, originality, and personal artistic style. Good impression and overall craftsmanship, showcasing creativity, originality, and some personal artistic style. Adequate impression and overall craftsmanship, but with room for improvement. Poor impression and overall craftsmanship, lacking creativity, originality, or personal artistic style. Total: 20 15 10 5

28 Reference The Online Pen Company. (n.d.). Chalk & Charcoal. In The Online Pen Company. https://www.theonlinepencompany.com/chalkcharcoal#:~:text=Chalk%20%26%20Charc oal,Chalk%20%26%20Charcoal,including%20paper%2C%20blackboards%20and%20outdoors. Art Supplies UK. (n.d.). What is the Difference Between Graphite and Charcoal? In Art Supplies UK Blog. https://www.artsupplies.co.uk/blog/what-is-the-difference-between-graphite-andcharcoal/#:~:text=Although%20both%20Graphite%20and%20Charcoal,remain%20slightly%20r eflective%20and%20metallic. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. (n.d.). Charcoal. In The Met's Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. https://www.metmuseum.org/about-the-met/collection-areas/drawings-andprints/materials-and-techniques/drawing/charcoal Art Tutorials Online. (n.d.). How to Draw with Charcoal and Chalk. In Art Tutorials Online. https://art-tutorialsonline.com/how-to-draw-with-charcoal-and-chalk/ Projects with Kids. (n.d.). Chalk Pastel Techniques for Beginners. In Projects with Kids. https://www.projectswithkids.com/chalk-pastel-techniques-for-beginners/ Answer Key LESSON 2: Pre and Post Assessment graphite produces a range b) Charcoal creates darker blacks and grays, while 1. of gray tones. a) Wood 2. a) Carbonization 3. c) Frottage 4. a) Apply fixative spray 5. c) Layering 6. b) Graphite 7. False 8. False 9. True 10.

29 LESSON 3: Mixing Colors – Color Wheel COURSE CODE: EANI0113

30 Learning Objectives a. Explore the cross-cultural variations in color-emotion associations. b. Examine the impact of color on consumer behavior and decision-making. c. Develop automated tools or algorithms for generating harmonious color schemes based on the Color Wheel. Pre-assessment Please note that this is a pre-assessment, and the purpose is to gauge your existing knowledge on the topic. Feel free to answer to the best of your abilities. 1. What are the three primary colors in the Color Wheel? a) Red, green, blue b) Red, yellow, blue c) Orange, green, purple d) Yellow, blue, magenta 2. Which color scheme uses colors that are adjacent to each other on the Color Wheel? a) Monochromatic b) Complementary c) Analogous d) Triadic 3. What is the term for colors created by mixing a primary color with a neighboring secondary color on the Color Wheel? a) Tertiary colors b) Analogous colors c) Complementary colors d) Monochromatic colors 4. Which color scheme consists of two sets of complementary colors? a) Triadic b) Split Complementary c) Monochromatic d) Tetradic 5. What emotions are commonly associated with the color blue? a) Joy and excitement

31 b) Anger and passion c) Calmness and serenity d) Warmth and energy 6. How can the Color Wheel be useful in design? a) It helps in selecting random color combinations. b) It provides a systematic way to create harmonious color schemes. c) It limits creativity and restricts color choices. d) It has no relevance in design principles. INTRODUCTION The world around us is filled with a vibrant array of colors that have the power to evoke emotions, communicate messages, and create visual harmony. Understanding the principles of the Color Wheel and Color Scheme is essential for artists, designers, and individuals working with colors to create aesthetically pleasing compositions and convey specific moods or meanings. The Color Wheel serves as a fundamental tool in the world of color theory. It is a circular chart that organizes colors based on their relationships to one another. At its core, the Color Wheel consists of three primary colors: red, yellow, and blue. These primary colors cannot be created by mixing other colors and form the basis for all other colors on the wheel. By mixing two primary colors together, we create secondary colors. These secondary colors, which include orange, green, and purple, are positioned between the primary colors on the Color Wheel. Additionally, mixing a primary color with a neighboring secondary color generates tertiary colors, expanding the range of hues available. Color schemes, on the other hand, are combinations of colors chosen for specific purposes, whether it's in art, design, or other creative fields. Different color schemes evoke different emotions, moods, and aesthetics. Some commonly used color schemes include monochromatic, analogous, complementary, triadic, split complementary, and tetradic. Each of these schemes offers a unique combination of colors that can be used to create visual balance, contrast, or specific effects. Understanding the Color Wheel and Color Scheme principles allows artists and designers to make informed color choices that align with their intended messages and desired emotional responses. Whether it's creating a serene and calming atmosphere with a monochromatic scheme or adding vibrancy and energy with a complementary scheme, the knowledge of color relationships enables effective color compositions. In this exploration of the Color Wheel and Color Scheme, we will delve into the various aspects of color theory, including the psychological and cultural influences on color perception, the impact of colors on human emotions, and practical applications of color schemes in different contexts. By gaining a deeper understanding of the Color Wheel and Color Scheme concepts, we can unlock the power of colors and unleash their potential to captivate, inspire, and communicate through visual compositions. What is Color Wheel? A color wheel is a circular chart that represents the relationships between colors. It's a tool commonly used in art, design, and other fields that deal with color. The color wheel organizes colors based on their relationship to one another, helping to create harmonious and aesthetically pleasing color schemes.

32 The primary colors in a color wheel are typically red, blue, and yellow. These colors cannot be created by mixing other colors together and are used as the foundation for all other colors. Secondary colors are created by mixing two primary colors together: orange (red + yellow), green (blue + yellow), and purple (red + blue). Tertiary colors are formed by mixing a primary color with a neighboring secondary color. What are Color Schemes? A color scheme refers to a planned combination of colors used in a design, artwork, or any visual composition. It involves selecting and organizing colors in a deliberate and harmonious manner to achieve a specific aesthetic or communicate a particular message. Color schemes play a crucial role in visual communication as they can evoke specific emotions, create visual interest, and enhance the overall impact of a design. By carefully selecting and arranging colors, designers can evoke different moods, convey different meanings, or establish a cohesive visual identity. There are various types of color schemes that artists, designers, and individuals working with colors employ. Some commonly used color schemes include: 1. Monochromatic: This scheme uses different shades, tints, and tones of a single color. It creates a harmonious and soothing effect. 2. Analogous: Analogous color schemes use colors that are adjacent to each other on the color wheel. For example, a scheme might include red, orange, and yellow. It creates a sense of unity and cohesiveness.

33 3. Complementary: Complementary colors are located opposite each other on the color wheel, such as red and green or blue and orange. This scheme creates a vibrant contrast and can be quite eye-catching. 4. Triadic: A triadic color scheme involves using three colors that are evenly spaced around the color wheel. For instance, red, yellow, and blue form a triadic combination. It offers a balanced and dynamic look. 5. Split Complementary: This scheme uses a base color and the two colors adjacent to its complementary color. For example, if the base color is blue, the complementary color is orange, and the split complementary scheme would include blue, yellow-orange, and redorange. It provides a high-contrast and visually interesting result. 6. Tetradic: Tetradic color schemes consist of two sets of complementary colors. It offers a wide range of color combinations but requires careful balancing to avoid overwhelming the visual composition. Note: Color schemes can be adjusted by varying the hues, tones, shades, and intensities of the chosen colors to achieve the desired effect. They are an essential aspect of visual design and are used in various fields such as graphic design, interior design, fashion, branding, and more. The

34 choice of color scheme is influenced by the intended message, target audience, cultural context, and desired aesthetic appeal. What is Color of Emotion? The concept of color and emotion is often associated with the psychological phenomenon called color psychology. Color psychology suggests that different colors can evoke specific emotions or moods in individuals. While there is some subjectivity and cultural variation in these associations, certain colors are commonly believed to evoke particular emotional responses. Here are some general associations between colors and emotions: Red Red is often associated with strong emotions like passion, love, and anger. It can evoke feelings of energy, excitement, and intensity. Red is also associated with urgency and can stimulate appetite. Blue Blue is commonly associated with calmness, tranquility, and serenity. It can evoke feelings of relaxation and peace. Lighter shades of blue can also be associated with feelings of sadness. Yellow Yellow is often associated with happiness, joy, and optimism. It can evoke feelings of warmth, energy, and positivity. However, intense yellow hues can sometimes be associated with caution or warning. Green Green is commonly associated with nature, growth, and harmony. It can evoke feelings of freshness, balance, and stability. Green is also associated with renewal and can have a calming effect. Orange Orange is often associated with enthusiasm, creativity, and warmth. It can evoke feelings of excitement and vibrancy. Orange is also associated with stimulation and can draw attention. Purple Purple is commonly associated with luxury, royalty, and creativity. It can evoke feelings of mystery, spirituality, and sophistication. Lighter shades of purple can have a calming effect, while darker shades can be associated with moodiness. Pink Pink is often associated with femininity, romance, and gentleness. It can evoke feelings of sweetness, tenderness, and nurturing. Lighter shades of pink are often perceived as soothing and calming. Black Black is commonly associated with power, elegance, and formality. It can evoke feelings of strength, authority, and mystery. However, black can also be associated with negativity or sadness in certain contexts.

35 White White is often associated with purity, innocence, and cleanliness. It can evoke feelings of simplicity, clarity, and openness. White is also associated with calmness and can provide a sense of space. Remember: It's important to note that individual experiences, cultural backgrounds, and personal preferences can influence the emotional associations with colors. Furthermore, the context in which colors are used, such as in design, branding, or art, can also impact the emotional response they elicit. Therefore, while color and emotion associations exist, they are not universal or fixed, and interpretations can vary. Learning Activity 1: Creating a Color Scheme Mood Board Materials needed: • Magazines, catalogs, or printed images • Scissors • Glue or tape • Poster board or large sheet of paper • Color Wheel (optional) Instructions: 1. Begin by gathering a variety of magazines, catalogs, or printed images that contain a wide range of colors and visuals. 2. Familiarize yourself with different color schemes, such as monochromatic, analogous, complementary, triadic, split complementary, and tetradic. You can refer to a color wheel to help you identify colors that work well together. 3. Choose a specific mood or theme for your color scheme mood board. It could be something like "serene and calming," "energetic and vibrant," or "sophisticated and elegant." This will guide your color choices. 4. Start flipping through the magazines or catalogs and look for images that represent your chosen mood or theme. Look for images with colors that align with the color scheme you want to create. 5. Begin cutting out images that contain your desired colors. Pay attention to the overall composition of the image and the color combinations present. 6. Sort and arrange the cut-out images based on color schemes. For example, if you're creating a monochromatic mood board, group together images that feature different shades and tones of the same color. If you're working with a complementary color scheme, pair images that have opposite colors on the color wheel. 7. Once you have a collection of images for each color scheme, start arranging them on the poster board or large sheet of paper. Experiment with different layouts and combinations to create visually appealing compositions. 8. Use glue or tape to secure the images onto the poster board, creating your color scheme mood board.

36 9. Reflect on the different color schemes you've explored and how they contribute to the overall mood or theme of your mood board. Consider how the colors interact with each other and the emotions or feelings they evoke. 10. Display your color scheme mood board in a prominent place where you can refer to it for inspiration or as a visual reference for future design projects. Summary of Lesson: Mixing Colors – Color Wheel The Color Wheel is a fundamental tool in color theory that organizes colors based on their relationships to one another. It consists of three primary colors (red, yellow, blue), which cannot be created by mixing other colors, and the secondary colors (orange, green, purple), formed by mixing two primary colors. Tertiary colors are created by mixing a primary color with a neighboring secondary color. A color scheme refers to a planned combination of colors used in design or visual compositions. Different color schemes evoke different emotions, moods, and aesthetics. Some commonly used color schemes include monochromatic, analogous, complementary, triadic, split complementary, and tetradic. Understanding the Color Wheel and Color Scheme principles is crucial for artists, designers, and individuals working with colors. It enables them to make informed color choices, create visual harmony, evoke specific emotions, and effectively communicate messages through visual compositions. Color schemes play a significant role in visual communication, helping convey meaning, establish visual identities, and create visual interest. They can evoke emotions, provide contrast, create balance, and enhance the overall impact of a design. Exploring color schemes can be done through hands-on activities, such as creating a color scheme mood board. This activity involves gathering images with desired colors, sorting and arranging them based on color schemes, and creating a visually appealing composition that represents a specific mood or theme. By gaining a deeper understanding of the Color Wheel and Color Scheme concepts, individuals can unlock the power of colors, utilize them strategically, and create visually captivating compositions that effectively communicate their intended messages. Overall, the Color Wheel and Color Scheme concepts provide valuable tools and knowledge for artists, designers, and anyone interested in working with colors to enhance their creative endeavors and create visually compelling experiences. Post-assessment Please note that this is a post-assessment, and the purpose is to gauge your existing knowledge on the topic. Feel free to answer to the best of your abilities. 1. What are the three primary colors in the Color Wheel? a) Red, green, blue b) Red, yellow, blue c) Orange, green, purple d) Yellow, blue, magenta

37 2. Which color scheme uses colors that are adjacent to each other on the Color Wheel? a) Monochromatic b) Complementary c) Analogous d) Triadic 3. What is the term for colors created by mixing a primary color with a neighboring secondary color on the Color Wheel? a) Tertiary colors b) Analogous colors c) Complementary colors d) Monochromatic colors 4. Which color scheme consists of two sets of complementary colors? a) Triadic b) Split Complementary c) Monochromatic d) Tetradic 5. What emotions are commonly associated with the color blue? a) Joy and excitement b) Anger and passion c) Calmness and serenity d) Warmth and energy 6. How can the Color Wheel be useful in design? a) It helps in selecting random color combinations. b) It provides a systematic way to create harmonious color schemes. c) It limits creativity and restricts color choices. d) It has no relevance in design principles. Performance Task: Designing a Colorful Logo Objective: Create a logo design using color schemes and the principles of the Color Wheel. Materials needed: • Drawing paper or design software

38 • Pencils, markers, or digital design tools • Color Wheel (optional) Instructions: 1. Choose a company or organization for which you will create a logo. It could be a fictional company or an existing one that you'd like to reimagine. 2. Research the company's values, target audience, and desired brand image. Consider the industry and the message the logo should convey. 3. Familiarize yourself with different color schemes, such as monochromatic, analogous, complementary, triadic, split complementary, and tetradic. Use the Color Wheel as a reference to identify colors that work well together. 4. Sketch or create a digital draft of your logo design. Focus on the use of color to enhance the visual appeal and convey the desired message. Consider the shape, typography, and overall composition of the logo. 5. Select a color scheme that aligns with the company's brand image and target audience. Experiment with different color combinations within the chosen color scheme. 6. Apply the color scheme to your logo design. Use pencils, markers, or digital design tools to add color to your logo. Pay attention to the balance, contrast, and visual impact of the colors you choose. 7. Evaluate the effectiveness of your color choices in conveying the desired message and reflecting the brand image. Consider how the color scheme enhances the overall design and attracts the target audience. 8. Reflect on the reasons behind your color choices and how they align with the principles of the Color Wheel and color scheme concepts. Consider the emotions, associations, and psychological impact of the chosen color scheme. 9. Present your logo design, explaining your color choices and the rationale behind them. Discuss how the color scheme enhances the overall design and supports the desired brand image.

39 RUBRICS CRITERIA EXCELLENT (4) GOOD (3) FAIR (2) NEEDS IMPROVEMENT (1) Design Concept The logo design demonstrates exceptional originality and innovative thinking. The logo design demonstrates good creativity and originality, but may lack some uniqueness. The logo design demonstrates some creativity, but lacks innovation. The design is generic or lacks originality. Color Scheme The color scheme is well chosen and enhances the overall design. The color scheme is appropriately chosen and enhances the overall design. The color scheme is somewhat chosen, but may lack cohesion or harmony in some areas. The color scheme is poorly chosen or does not enhance the overall design. Execution and Craftsmanship The logo is executed with exceptional craftsmanship. Lines are crisp and clean, colors are precise and vibrant. The logo is executed with good craftsmanship, and lines are clean. The logo is somewhat executed, but may have some areas that need refinement. The logo lacks attention to detail and shows signs of poor craftsmanship. Lines may be uneven, colors may bleed, or overall quality may be lacking. Presentation and Explanation The logo is presented professionally and effectively, and the explanation effectively conveys the reasoning. The logo is presented clearly and effectively, explaining color choices and their rationale. The logo is presented adequately, but may lack clarity or organization. The logo lacks clear presentation and explanation of color choices and their rationale. The explanation does not effectively convey the reasoning behind the color scheme. Overall Evaluation The overall design and execution exceed expectations. The overall design and execution meet expectations. The overall design and execution show significant weaknesses. The overall design and execution fall significantly short of expectations. Total: 20 15 10 5

40 Reference Chromaflo Technologies. (n.d.). Color Wheel. In Chromaflo Technologies. https://chromaflo.com/color-theory/colorwheel/#:~:text=The%20color%20wheel%20is%20a,design%20planning%20and%20color%20sc hemes. Shutterstock. (n.d.). Color Scheme: Definitions, Types, and Examples. In Shutterstock Blog. https://www.shutterstock.com/blog/color-scheme-definitions-types-examples Verywell Mind. (n.d.). Color Psychology: How Colors Impact Moods, Feelings, and Behaviors. In Verywell Mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/color-psychology-2795824 Answer Key LESSON 3: Pre and Post Assessment yellow, blue b) Red, 1. c) Analogous 2. a) Tertiary colors 3. b) Split Complementary 4. c) Calmness and serenity 5. b) It provides a systematic way to create harmonious color schemes. 6.

41 LESSON 4: Mixing Colors – Oil Pastel COURSE CODE: EANI0113

42 Learning Objectives d. Learn and practice various techniques for applying and manipulating oil pastels, such as layering, blending, sgraffito, stippling, impasto, feathering, and wet techniques. e. Identify and understand the properties and characteristics of oil pastels, including their composition, texture, and blending capabilities. f. Cultivate a personal style and express creativity through the medium of oil pastels, using the acquired techniques and knowledge to create unique and visually engaging artworks. Pre-assessment Please note that this is a pre-assessment, and the purpose is to gauge your existing knowledge on the topic. Feel free to answer to the best of your abilities. 1. What are the main components of oil pastels? a) Pigments and water b) Pigments and oil c) Wax and water d) Wax and oil 2. Which technique involves gently rubbing and smudging oil pastel colors together? a) Sgraffito b) Blending c) Stippling d) Feathering 3. What tool is commonly used to blend oil pastels by scraping away the top layers? a) Palette knife b) Q-tip c) Cotton swab d) Tortillon 4. How can you achieve a watercolor-like effect with oil pastels? a) By using a wet brush to dissolve and spread the colors b) By applying a layer of water before using the pastels c) By heating the pastels with a hairdryer d) By applying a solvent like turpentine to dissolve the pastels 5. Which technique involves creating texture and depth by scratching or scraping into layers of oil pastels? a) Stippling

43 b) Impasto c) Sgraffito d) Wet techniques 6. True or False: Oil pastels can be used on various surfaces such as paper, canvas, or specialized pastel boards. 7. What is the purpose of layering colors in oil pastel artwork? a) To create a smooth, uniform surface b) To add texture and depth c) To prevent the colors from blending together d) To achieve a watercolor effect 8. Which technique involves creating small dots or marks with the tip of the oil pastel? a) Sgraffito b) Stippling c) Impasto d) Blending 9. True or False: Solvents should be used with caution and proper ventilation when working with oil pastels. 10. What is the role of the filler material in oil pastels? a) To bind the pigments together b) To provide a smooth texture c) To create a three-dimensional effect d) To dissolve the pastels when using wet techniques INTRODUCTION Oil pastels are a versatile and vibrant art medium that allows artists to create stunning and expressive works of art. Composed of pigments, waxes, and oils, oil pastels offer a unique blend of characteristics that set them apart from other artistic mediums. With their rich colors, creamy texture, and ability to create various effects, oil pastels provide artists with a wide range of creative possibilities. When using oil pastels, artists can employ numerous techniques to achieve different visual outcomes. From layering and blending to sgraffito and stippling, each technique brings its own distinct qualities and textures to the artwork. The ability to blend colors seamlessly or create textured surfaces gives artists the opportunity to explore depth, form, and expression in their compositions.

44 The beauty of oil pastels lies in their versatility. Artists can work on different surfaces, including paper, canvas, or specialized pastel boards, adapting their techniques to suit the chosen medium. Whether creating still life arrangements, landscapes, portraits, or abstract pieces, oil pastels offer artists the ability to capture the essence of their subjects and convey emotions through vibrant colors and expressive strokes. Exploring the world of oil pastels not only requires an understanding of their properties and techniques but also encourages artists to develop their observational skills. By paying attention to light, shadow, and form, artists can bring their subjects to life and create captivating artworks that engage the viewer. Furthermore, oil pastels offer an avenue for experimentation and personal expression. Artists can develop their own style and explore different creative choices, such as color palettes, compositions, and textures. Through trial and error, artists can refine their techniques, overcome challenges, and ultimately create unique and visually engaging pieces of art. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced artist, diving into the realm of oil pastels opens up a world of possibilities. By mastering the techniques, understanding color theory, and embracing the creative process, artists can unleash their imagination and create artworks that resonate with both themselves and others. So, grab a set of oil pastels, let your creativity flow, and embark on an exciting artistic journey with this captivating medium. How the Oil Pastel was Made? Oil pastels are a popular art medium known for their vibrant colors and smooth texture. They are made using a combination of pigments, a binder, and a filler material. Here's a general overview of the process of making oil pastels: 1. Pigments: The first step in making oil pastels involves selecting high-quality pigments. Pigments are finely ground powders that provide the colors in the pastels. These pigments can be natural or synthetic and are chosen for their lightfastness (ability to resist fading) and color intensity. 2. Binder: The next component is the binder, which gives the oil pastels their soft consistency and allows them to adhere to the surface when applied. The binder used in oil pastels is usually a combination of wax and oil. Common waxes include beeswax, carnauba wax, and mineral wax. The oil component can be a mineral oil or a vegetable oil like linseed oil. 3. Mixing: The pigments and the binder are mixed together in specific ratios. The mixture is heated to a controlled temperature to melt the waxes and oils. This ensures that the pigments are thoroughly dispersed within the binder, creating a consistent color throughout the pastel. 4. Filler: To give the oil pastels their characteristic texture and volume, a filler material is added to the mixture. The filler can be a combination of various materials, including calcium carbonate, talc, or kaolin clay. The filler adds body to the pastel and helps control the hardness or softness of the final product. 5. Extrusion: Once the mixture is well-blended, it is extruded through a machine or a mold. The extrusion process shapes the soft paste into a cylindrical or square form, creating the familiar shape of an oil pastel. The pastels are typically cooled to harden and solidify the mixture. 6. Wrapping and Packaging: After the extrusion process, the oil pastels are inspected for quality and consistency. They are then individually wrapped in paper or packaged in sets for sale. The packaging helps protect the pastels and keeps them from smudging or breaking during handling.

45 Techniques in Using Oil Pastel Oil pastels offer a wide range of techniques that artists can utilize to create various effects and textures. 1. Layering: Layering is a fundamental technique with oil pastels. Apply multiple layers of colors on top of each other to create depth and richness. Start with lighter colors as the base layer and gradually build up with darker shades. Use light pressure for each layer to prevent smudging. 2. Blending: Blending allows you to create smooth transitions between colors or soften edges. There are several ways to blend oil pastels: • Fingers: Use your fingers to blend colors together by gently rubbing and smudging them. • Tortillon or blending stump: These tools are made of rolled paper or felt and can be used to blend and smudge colors. • Cotton swabs or Q-tips: Dip a cotton swab in mineral spirits or turpentine (if using artist-grade pastels) and gently blend the colors.

46 • Color shapers: These rubber-tipped tools come in various shapes and sizes and can be used for precise blending and creating textures. 3. Sgraffito: Sgraffito is a technique that involves scratching or scraping into a layer of oil pastel to reveal the underlying color or create texture. Use a sharp tool like a palette knife, toothpick, or the edge of a credit card to scrape away the top layers. 4. Stippling and Pointillism: Stippling is the technique of creating small dots or marks with the tip of the oil pastel to build up texture or shading. Pointillism is a variation of stippling where dots are applied in a more organized manner to create an image. 5. Impasto: Impasto is a technique borrowed from oil painting, where thick, textured layers of pastel are applied to the surface. Use the oil pastels directly from the stick or apply them with a palette knife to create a raised, three-dimensional effect.

47 6. Feathering: Feathering involves lightly dragging the edge of an oil pastel over the surface to create delicate lines or textures. This technique is useful for creating fur, grass, or other fine details. 7. Wet Techniques: You can experiment with wet techniques to enhance the versatility of oil pastels: • Watercolor wash: Apply a layer of pastel and then use a wet brush to dissolve and spread the colors, creating a watercolor-like effect. • Solvents: Some artists use solvents like mineral spirits or turpentine to dissolve the pastel, creating a more fluid and painterly look. Be cautious and ensure proper ventilation when working with solvents, and only use them if you have artist-grade pastels. Learning Activity 1: Exploring Oil Pastel Techniques Objective: To gain hands-on experience with different oil pastel techniques and develop a deeper understanding of their effects and applications. Materials needed: • Oil pastels (a variety of colors) • Drawing paper or specialized pastel paper • Blending tools (e.g., tortillons, cotton swabs) • Palette knife or sharp object for sgraffito technique • Reference images or objects for inspiration (optional) • Protective gloves or apron (optional)

48 Instructions: 1. Set up your workspace: Find a well-lit and comfortable area to work in. Protect your workspace with a tablecloth or newspaper to catch any stray pastel dust. Consider wearing protective gloves or an apron to prevent getting the pastels on your hands or clothes. 2. Familiarize yourself with the materials: Take a few moments to observe and handle the oil pastels. Note their texture, consistency, and the range of colors available. Experiment with applying different levels of pressure to see how it affects the pastel's appearance. 3. Experiment with basic techniques: a) Layering: Choose two or more colors and practice layering them on the paper. Start with lighter colors as the base layer and gradually add darker shades on top. Observe how the colors interact and blend. b) Blending: Use blending tools like tortillons or cotton swabs to blend colors together. Try both gentle blending for smooth transitions and more vigorous blending for unique textures. c) Sgraffito: Take a palette knife or a sharp object and scratch into the surface of the pastel layers to create lines, patterns, or textures. Explore different pressures and angles to see the variations in effects. 4. Explore additional techniques: a) Stippling: Create small dots or marks with the tip of the oil pastel to build up texture or shading. Experiment with different levels of dot density and spacing. b) Impasto: Apply thick layers of oil pastel directly from the stick or use a palette knife to create raised and textured areas in your artwork. Play with different pressure and blending to achieve desired effects. c) Feathering: Drag the edge of an oil pastel lightly across the surface to create delicate lines or textures. Practice this technique to depict fine details, such as fur, grass, or hair. 5. Create an artwork: Now that you have familiarized yourself with various techniques, create your own artwork using oil pastels. You can choose a subject of your choice or use a reference image for inspiration. Apply the techniques you have learned and experiment with different combinations to achieve the desired effects. Summary of Lesson: Mixing Colors – Oil Pastel Oil pastels are a versatile and vibrant art medium that allow artists to create expressive and visually captivating works of art. Composed of pigments, waxes, and oils, oil pastels offer a unique blend of characteristics that set them apart. Artists can employ a variety of techniques, including layering, blending, sgraffito, stippling, impasto, and feathering, to achieve different visual effects and textures. Working with oil pastels involves exploring color theory, observing light and shadow, and developing observational skills. Artists can experiment with different surfaces such as paper, canvas, or specialized pastel boards, adapting techniques to suit the chosen medium. The medium encourages personal expression and experimentation, allowing artists to develop their style and make creative choices in terms of color palettes, compositions, and textures. Engaging with oil pastels provides artists with a hands-on experience to develop a deeper understanding of the medium. Through practice and experimentation, artists can master the techniques, understand the effects of different approaches, and refine their skills. The exploration

49 of oil pastels opens up a world of possibilities for artists to create artworks that are visually captivating, expressive, and uniquely their own. Overall, oil pastels offer artists a vibrant and versatile medium to explore their creativity, experiment with techniques, and create stunning works of art that engage and captivate viewers. Post-assessment Please note that this is a post-assessment, and the purpose is to gauge your existing knowledge on the topic. Feel free to answer to the best of your abilities. 1. What are the main components of oil pastels? a) Pigments and water b) Pigments and oil c) Wax and water d) Wax and oil 2. Which technique involves gently rubbing and smudging oil pastel colors together? a) Sgraffito b) Blending c) Stippling d) Feathering 3. What tool is commonly used to blend oil pastels by scraping away the top layers? a) Palette knife b) Q-tip c) Cotton swab d) Tortillon 4. How can you achieve a watercolor-like effect with oil pastels? a) By using a wet brush to dissolve and spread the colors b) By applying a layer of water before using the pastels c) By heating the pastels with a hairdryer d) By applying a solvent like turpentine to dissolve the pastels 5. Which technique involves creating texture and depth by scratching or scraping into layers of oil pastels? a) Stippling b) Impasto c) Sgraffito