MACMILLAN EXAMS
workbook with key
Roy Norris
Amanda French
Updated for
the revised
CAE exam
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Contents 4
12
1 Aiming high 20
2 Times change 28
3 Gathering information 36
4 Work time 44
5 Getting on 52
6 All in the mind? 60
7 Feeling good 68
8 This is the modern world 76
9 Going places 84
10 House and home 92
11 A cultural education 100
12 The world about us 108
13 Food for thought 116
14 Money matters 129
Word formation list
Answer key
C CAE Part 4 ) Multiple matching
1 mReaaindlythe article about the explorer Ranulph Fiennes quickly. In the article, is he
ABC pgtairvlokimningogtaiadnbvgoicauedt vttoheenintnuearxetputerrreaiveoneflceetxodpyelooxrupanltogiorepnre?so?ple?
2 oFfotrhqeucehstoiiocness m1-a1y5,baenrsewquerirbeyd cmhooroesitnhganfroomncet.he sections of the article (A-G). Some
In which section are the following mentioned?
the suggestion that Fiennes still seems enthusiastic about exploration 1
an aspect of Fiennes's character that has been unfairly highlighted 2
a negative effect of the growing interest in adventure travel 3
a reason Fiennes gives for exploration becoming more appealing to amateurs 4
a misconception regarding the knowledge previous explorers had 5
Fiennes's fascination with a field in which he is fairly inexperienced 6
Fiennes's opinion that someone who is reasonably fit could reach the South Pole 7
the belief that explorers have too much respect for their own field 8
tdheestviineawtiothnast only professional explorers were capable of reaching distant
the instinctive human desire to explore new places 9
10
the suggestion that more care is taken on difficult routes 11
Fiennes's primary motivation for being an explorer 12
the importance given by explorers to achieving something before anyone else 13
Fiennes being held in high regard by other adventurers 14
aFciehnienvees'rsescuogggneistitoionn that people find increasingly unusual ways to
15
4
mAiming high
Is this your idea of fun?
Sir Ranulph Fiennes is the world’s greatest living explorer. But now it seems an endfess
stream ofpeople are conquering the South Pole or clambering up Everest.
Mark MacKenzie asks him, is the exploring game becoming too easy?
A D
In the field of human exploration, Sir Ranulph Fiennes’s Patrick Woodhead, whose young team reached the
personal achievements are remarkable and his South Pole in 75 days, thinks the explorer community
numerous expeditions to the North and South Poles have has a tendency to be overly reverential towards
turned him into an iconic figure, the explorer’s explorer. their discipline and claims his South Pole trek was a
Now there are many amateurs that would follow in his thoroughly enjoyable experience. However, last year,
footsteps. Adventure travel is one of the fastest growing Rennes published a biography of the original Antarctic
sectors of the travel market. Offering trips to destinations explorer, Captain Robert Falcon Scott, and he feels there
including Mount Everest, Antarctica and the South Pole, are those among modern explorers who remain ignorant
tour companies can now provide access for those less of the debt they owe to Scott’s pioneering spirit. ‘People
tough to remote parts of the planet once considered the today think we knew back then that Antarctica was a
exclusive playgrounds of Fiennes and his peers. continent - we didn’t. On his first expedition to Antarctica
in 1902, Scott made an 800-mile journey when the
B furthest expedition previously had been 14 miles.'
This year, record numbers are expected at the base
camp of Everest, in the hope of reaching the summit of E
the world’s tallest peak. So, is the exploring game getting What is it that has driven explorers to the extremes of the
too easy? ‘Anyone who plans carefully could get to the Earth? ‘Explorers have always had a thousand different
South Pole if they’re in relatively good condition and motives,’ Fiennes acknowledges. 'If I’m asked myself,
go at the right time of year,’ says Fiennes. ‘I would say I am quite clear. It’s my profession and how I make
the same of Mount Everest. If the weather’s good and an income. There are people who aren’t comfortable
you take a reasonable guide, you should be able to get with that. I’m supposed to say “Because it’s there to be
up even if you’ve never climbed before. However, there conquered.” I think some people still need this image of
are still plenty of expeditions the majority of the public nobility.’ Such frankness has contributed to Fiennes’s
would not be able to do. Crossing the whole continent of reputation for occasional haughtiness. On an expedition
Antarctica unsupported, for example, your troubles only in 1971, he made the mistake of taking along a television
really start at the South Pole. But the urge to go to far- crew. ‘It meant good publicity for future expeditions,'
flung regions is innate to man,’ Fiennes continues, ‘and I he says, ‘but they deliberately set out with the aim of
think provided there is no ecological damage, this is fine. showing me up as a dictator.’
On Everest, though, there has been a dramatic impact in
terms of litter.’ F
Nevertheless, Fiennes has built his reputation on the
C only sort of accomplishment that matters among his
But with specialist companies willing to deposit peers - being first. ‘When Sir Edmund Hillary first scaled
increasing numbers of tourists in ever more remote Everest, he used every aid at his disposal.The next “first”
locations, is exploring still a true test of character? The then has to be the person to do it without oxygen, then
challenge is what you make of it,’ says Fiennes. ‘In the the first solo ascent and so on.’ So are there any true
wrong weather, you can have the most horrendous time firsts’ left? ‘In part, it’s the attitude of the individual,’ he
on reasonably easy routes. But the ratio of accidents on says. 'If something has been done, they will find their own
Everest or at the South Pole is less than that on certain firsts. Eventually, expeditions end up relying on gimmicks;
tourist routes, because you expect to be very cold and for example, going to the South Pole on a motorbike, or
encounter crevasses and so you are naturally more on a camel and so on.’
cautious.’ Also lying behind the increasing numbers of
extreme adventurers, says Fiennes, is the improved G
technology used for polar equipment. ‘It’s all a lot lighter In 1992, Rennes completed his first archaeological
now, less bulky. If you’re inexperienced, that makes these expedition to find the lost city of Ubar in the deserts of
journeys a lot more appealing.’ Oman. He admits he found the detective work intriguing,
albeit a challenge for a relative amateur, and believes the
possibility of making similar discoveries may increasingly
occupy his time in the future. While most men his age
are thinking about retirement, his appetite for adventure
appears undiminished. Last November, he and Mike
Stroud became the first men to run seven marathons in
seven countries in as many days. Is adventuring getting
too easy? Not just yet.
5
Aiming high
( Vocabulary )
Wordlist on page 209 of the Coursebook.
Verb and noun collocations
Complete each of the gaps with one of the words from the box.
out with in to into
1 iTnhtehier smoilda-r1p9a9n0esl.business ran_____ problems after a succession ofwet summers
2 Last yealirm"siptoedlicseuccacmespsa.ign to reduce the number of accidents on motorways met
3 Union leaders have not ruled_____ the possibility of taking strike action.
4 TaHonafefdkrhindaegrtreteobwmink1tpeh-ta1etn.oCdcubyprcolhekoaelcdhreeorrssslewtgha.es Sahara ended_____ failure yesterday, when she fell
5 no easy task, but they rose the challenge
Adjective and noun collocations
1 cOanpeitoalfst.hCeriotessmosuotfthveociatebmulawryhiicnhedaocehsgnrootufpiti.sTnhoetrenoisrmanalelyxaumsepdlewaitththtehebewgoinrdniinng (0).
0 distinct heavy remote strong
1 fair inside realistic slim POSSIBILITY
2 potential recurrent resounding trivial CHANCE
3 burning daunting exciting fresh PROBLEM
4 hard high personal poor CHALLENGE
5 huge overnight roaring terrible MOTIVATION
6 continued dismal inevitable urgent SUCCESS
7 heated lifelong greatest secret FAILURE
8 major outlying remarkable sporting AMBITION
ACHIEVEMENT
2 eCxoammpplleeteaet athche bspeagcinenwinigth(a0n). appropriate adjective from exercise 1. There is an
0 Ipcoasnsi'tbuilnitdyetrhstaatnhdew’dhgyethiet.applied for the job; there wasn't even a remote
1 cRheacnenctecoofrvruicpttoiorynisnctahnedfaolsrtmhceoamn itnhgatetlhecetpioanrst.y now stands only a _________
2 sDeuerminegdhtoissatdriokleesacteenxcaem, steirmioeu. s illness was a _________problem, and always
3 The situation does pose a rather__________challenge, but we will not be put off.
4 mHiostcivoantsiiosnte.ntly low marks seem to be both the result and the cause of_________
5 Tsuhcecbeosso;khberropurgehvtiohuesr tgwreoantowveealslthhaadnbdewenorbldeswtsideellefarsmien,hbeurtothwisnwcoausnntroy_. ________
6 Igtivweanscaanusigehftoor gf_r_e_a_t _o_p_ti_m_isfamil.ure for British athletes, whose recent successes had
7 AatslIa'vsteIaclwanayfuslsfailidit,.it's been a ambition of mine to play Hamlet, and now
8 rUencdoordu-bbteredalyk,inthgemgareraattheostn_r_u_n__o_f_t_w_oahcohuiresveamndefnotuorfmthineuyteeasr. was Alek Schmidt’s
6
Aiming high
Word formation
oCfotmheplseetenteeancche.gTaphewreitihs aann aepxpamropplreiaattetnhoeubnegfoinrnminogf (t0h)e. word in capitals at the end
Ill* 0 M16a-nyyeapr-eoolpdlgeoaatltkheeepcelur.b are questioning the wisdom of signing the WISE
BH *H1SI 1 Excessive__________ to direct sunlight should of course be avoided. EXPOSE
2 mCouultni-csitlolorresyhcaavrepoanrkce. again rejected__________ for a new
You may need to use PROPOSE
the negative or plural
form of the noun.
3 Manadn_a_g_e_m__e_n_t_c_ritiincitzheedwthaegeunnieognostifaotirotnhse.ir stubborn attitude FLEXIBLE
4 _T_h_e_g_o__v_e_rn_minentthiesncuornscinergnperdoafetstshieonn.umber of unfilled
5 T__h_e_r_e_i_s_a_s_trsohnogufledeblienpglwaciethdinonthsetacfofmdepvaenloyptmhaetngt.reater VACANT
EMPHASIZE
6 Fclaoisluurree toof mtheeeftalierggarol usanfde.ty__________ has led to the temporary REQUIRE
7 aSnhed_c_h_o_s_e_t_o_l_iv_etionLBornigdhotno.n because of its mild climate
8 There is a chronic__________ of housing in our cities. CLOSE
SHORT
9 Tdihdencootmrepaldetteh_e__q_u_e_s_ti_o_n_coafrethfuisllya.nswer shows that the candidate RELEVANT
10 HOelyamcphiicevfiendal. 1______ for failing a drugs test after winning an NOTORIOUS
Language focus
Grammar reference on page 216 of the Coursebook.
Spelling
The following letter contains 20 spelling mistakes. Find the mistakes and correct them.
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weekend’sof you
newspaper. ,
mdlijeJtTtslcheeredieubdceuasctiamoatneiroatnialclPe, ^ ^ surpris,ngly amy
^ complete
1dTaoMilhrst'rih0s^emogTuyiasg,rfhbdoIousTffIionclrdeolosuod*srbensseoelrlvfaatico^ne'sIu^ofngtfruh(ehi&,s^ftaeeonmodmpnleaokyeoe.res,
fpfriaorrmstticucBllraairsslstyo,lhf Zo“nTToeurrs,s. iJt yI asdpg,erI,aaokdnsu,r-aftoerd' iwtjseplf, whilst I Yours faithfuly
In
John Austin
—
7
Aiming high
Modal verbs: might, could' may, can
1 ITnhe1r-e7,iscaonmepxleatme pthlee astetchoendbesgeinntnenincge (s0o).that it has the same meaning as the first.
0 Would you mind lending me your pen for a moment?
Mav / borrow your pen for a moment_______ ?
1 Although he fives here, we never see him.
He m ay______________________________________ .
2 They’re very likely to ask you to speak French during the interview.
You m ay______________________________________ .
3 Perhaps she didn’t know you were married.
She m ight______________________________________ .
4 He had a good chance of getting the job, but he didn't apply.
If he’d applied for the job, he could_____________________________________
5 I rarely use my bike these days, so it would make sense if I sold it.
I rarely use my bike these days, so I m ay_________________________________
6 Why on earth didn’t you tell me you were vegetarian?
You m ight______________________________________ !
7 It's unlikely she was enjoying herself very much.
She can't
I ra re ly use my bike these days, so it would make sense if I sold it!
2 tIhne1b-e7g, ionnneinogf (t0h)e. three alternatives is incorrect. Cross it out. There is an example at
0 You m ight not/may not/cannot leave until I give you permission.
1 It's not my scarf - 1think it might/could/can be Graham’s.
2 fIitnmgeigrshtc/mroasys/ecdo.uld not be warm enough to eat outside tonight, but we'll keep our
3 He's so lazy - he might/may/could at least offer to do the washing up!
4 yI okunroswelfynoouwditdhna'tt ywoaun'rtetohecroem. e, but you might/may/could as well try and enjoy
5 Don't run across the road like that again - you might/may/could have been run over!
6 gIottwdaasrka. tough walk, but we could/were able to/managed to reach theendbefore it
7 Pdeolliibceeraatreelyn,oawlthsaoyuignhg tthheayt thhaevefirreefmusigedhtt/omaruyl/ceoouuldt tnhoetphoasvseibbileietyn osftaarrtseodn entirely.
8
Aiming high ^
Use of English
( CAE Part 1 ) Multiple-choice cloze
oFrorDq)ubeesstitofnitss 1ea-1c2h,graepa.dTthheerteeixstabneleoxwamanpdlethaet nthdeebceidgeinwnihnigch(0a)n.swer (A, B, C
On top of the world
1998, (0 )In May
just tw o years after breaking his b a ck in a parachutin g a c c id e n t w hilst in the army,
(2 )Bear G rylls becam e the younge st Briton to ( 1 ) ___ the sum m it of M ount Everest and return ____. He
was just 23 years old.
(3 )As his back recovered and he regained his ___ ,Bear d e c id e d to leave the arm y in order to pursue
(4 )his lifelong am bition to conque r the highest ___ in the world. A friend of his w as organising an
(5 ) (6 )expedition to Everest and Bear asked to ___ . After a year spent preparing for the clim b and ___
(7 )sponsorship money, he and his com panion s m oved out to the H im alayas to
up the challenge.
In (8) _ _ Bear spent over 10 w eeks on
the m ountain’s south-east face. This
( 9 ) _ a whole week at Camp Two
sim ply waiting for the right conditions to
make his attem pt on the summit. When
he finally m ade it to the top, he sat for
(10)20 minutes, just gazing in w onder at the
before him.
The hardest part was still to com e
though. Every year the num ber of
clim bers killed on Everest increases,
.w ith most deaths occurring on the
descent. It is ( 1 1 ) su rprising then,
that Bear should feel a (12) _ _ sense
of relief when he eventually got back
to base cam p. Three British clim bers
under 25 have tried to conquer Everest;
Bear is the only one to survive.
0 A assisting B obeying C ordering D serving
1 A achieve B reach C get D attain
2 A live B lively C living D alive
3 A power B force C vigour D strength
4 A crest B crown C peak D tip
5 A join B unite C attach D link
6 A rising B raising C arising D arousing
7 A take B rise C face D put
8 A summary B short C total D conclusion
9 A contained B included C comprised D consisted
10 A eyesight B outlook C vision D view
11 A strongly B equally C rarely D hardly
12 A great B large C wide D fuU
9
Aiming high
Writing
( CAE Part 2 ) Competition entries
1 Read the following Writing Part 2 task.
You see the following announcement in an international magazine:
Greatest sportsperson competition
We are planning a series of TV programmes about the 10 greatest sportsmen and women
of all time. Which sportsperson would you nominate to be included in the series? Write to
us describing this person's achievements and explaining why you feel he or she should be
included.
Write your competition entry in 220-260 words.
2 Iennttrhyeaenndtrdyebceidloeww, hthicehnoafmtheeotfetnhneinsopmlaiyneeres Aha-sDbiesednecsocrviebreedd. with ink stains. Read the
DABC IIBBvliojaeorniNmsLaBBesentoacdrskgleer
was without doubt Ike Admittedly, some of the records he set have
most outstanding tennis player of his since been equalled or broken, and he lost
generation and one of ike all-time sporting four US Open finals to Jimmy Connors and
greats. In ike late 1970s this highly talented John McEnroe. Bui what set him apart from
young man put all other players in the these players was his cool temperament,
shade and your forthcoming series would be which helped him remain calm under pressure
incomplete without a programme about him. and earned him the nickname 'Ice Man. And
It is the fact that he achieved so much with his two-handed backhand and powerful
so young that makes him such a strong shots from the baseline, he changed the face
candidate for a nomination. In 1974, at the * of tennis and had a strong influence on the
age of seventeen, he became the youngest way the game is played today.
man to hold a Grand Slam singles title,
the French Open, which he went on to win retired when he was just
another five times in the next seven years. 26. Who knows what else he might have
And as a twenty-year-old he became the achieved if he’d continued playing, but the
youngest ever Wimbledon champion, a title fad that he stopped at the height of his
he claimed five times in a row. Whether on career helped make him into a legend and he
grass or day, he outclassed all the other big surely deserves a place among your top ten
names of his era. greatest sporispeople.
-— -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- J
10
Aiming high
3 What is the purpose of the first and last paragraphs in the model?
4 Ianchwiehvicehmpenartst?or parts of the model does the writer describe the nominee’s
What reasons does the writer give for including him in the TV series?
5 Fnoinmdinexeaemwpalsesa ogfowodorsdpsoartnsdpeprhsroanseasndin/othr ebemttoedrethl wanhiocthheerxsp. ress the fact that the
eg the most outstanding tennis player ofhis generation
6 baoEriww:thrreiitrtee: your own answer to the task in exercise 1.
an answer for one of the following competitions:
• The greatest writer of all time
• The greatest living actor/actress
• The most talented musician of the last thirty years
• The most influential political leader of all time
You should write 220-260 words.
UBesfeofruelylaonugwuraitgeeysoeucrtiaonnswbeelro,wre.ad the Don't forget box and do the exercise in the
D on't fo rg et!
• Plan your answer before you write.
• Address all the points in the task.
• Use a range of vocabulary.
• Write in a consistent register.
• Finish with a strong final paragraph.
Useful language standard
Complete each of the expressions with a word from the box.
ability class gift head match none peak
1 As a jazz musician, Charlie Parker was in a __________of his own.
2 IoafihniMs gBenaenrkastisotna.nds and shoulders above other science-fiction writers
3 Wcirhceunit.she was at h er she won 17 consecutive races on the international
4 Ssthruegigsluentorivoavlelrecdominehtheeri_r_d_i_ff_i_c_u_lt_ie_st.o portray downtrodden characters who
5 Borg was more than a __________for Vilas and the Swede won in straight sets.
6 Early on in his career he showed a _________ for writing short stories.
7 As a football player Maradona was second t o _________ .
8 Her acting is always of the highest________ .
11
f) Times change
( Reading )
( CAE Part 3 ) Multiple choice
AbYeomsutearairccecaosg.rodFiinongrgtqtooureteshateidotnaesxmt1.a-7g,azcihnoeoasretitchlee aanbsowuterth(eA,fiBrs,tCpeoorpDle) two haircrhivyeoiun tthhienk fits
I Island hopping fem1rx2oec,md5a0ivct0ahinteiaynslegohauCerstrhh.biesleran’snmMdooasrntttCeeflVaocvetirssdfteihnsaditt,edh,aaotvveeebrda6ics,0kc0oo0vvemerreidles
to a new world(line30) AAWrtrwtcftsn2aaSmmhhheeiio0taurnsmgassiaeeeaa,tslcigvgeee0iiealstehlnevnlreanal0taaariaea,auselrre0fminscatcrncacimtt1ioelglnnyihhaoddmai’f1fcusddb’eenindsh,itbovaisas5eDsogirgfyuonetgnrtr0hoiuNrspmferoega0lgoauaaisCasAf-atpevfnngttatyiwgoelnlowtegntneoesaehossehtusstxtvaonb.esehtucuiriipauigaciTxcss-edacbUslcoluohtpfmhpoadiplksCualaenyllriacedoebllecrgwselioodytoodvreitremtoupnhoadofvsedhstufllto’.neniiorhtediiaAvspisasRsgor,seahteiphertnumtg‘traailgrtwmehyagne,ychesvt’oervha.aouicnsoeeeorpEtyAemtteeaeyifrasl.acuretywaaetnCttpicalershrtcdtldwltaonaohrserelidDvanilitpaveexanviefenAcvfeaoraenavestpouedalersuhm,tdeoirsratnligccebflasenlveosmollestyiidgeeawrouoaapiudieasnoshm-llrectr.isoorIgerhaWtdialfrcIeeghndldyesrvonefeigeo’ato,ricfnPshn1flnmoftateltaa4ahthtema,lvcihc3n.ceefteieey,nfar,iacl
hDrowsiiwstCwnneehclaihdhaisdaiegrttes,tialhidh’gcsidcnrmazelhiltatysnueohiastorlgsdnetneepkaottdgeoiehtienpfnneaitaaieIooidrtrgrtacsrsintharlenpthuedateohodtoeentnarwrersidd,t,wndnmethnTfisktitaioelehn.itlttlrmlrtBetehailiarthmondsoeheripdaatgetaeiaehidgnmsnrslfatyueegttibprm,aoodnmuloorisdniietnalnfmeinheafswtdsesttureecisteeeaatmrpabdcsrsfs,tvi,ioaraetCglaiaeviuhocbsbnncehn.irielostnnoyrdaTuaousioulnCashsn.fltfgtlpdeRceoahil1hnehynafnae2ua,iatrtadv,imphrh0anditeHepe0ohsevaande0ceeAahn’tmdsataulyeamhuraQtusaerbroaectcletauoonlbtekbrryiennlfiv,seeecaediha.antciesysIett.td, A-UicUoWtrcsaanreuoolfnaganlnlnfbaaacnaenfbotdrssmionisdmsseuttelfrldashentrriotpiilnoeriutnlit-rnegsncuermnmmgrgeeevaanfhtdineaiuntwmdegasetdrldmmlriprlialoybayantssaoo,shlpt,eeicnftsasmeeotraescsthasrngphaiaaioanegemlna-ensftadnfnubleccytcaalshtvleirmfiryegeeciienaoisdnenslehtoafhcieeotlgarmfesotdnlitaviisaohouacnnaunwreguesnctglipdietysmseadtsapIsthostwclhrtaosatihtaaecyeumnerha-etatlelimAsesialnmpcdlnsrnhagoatlaugyopfadneesunoms.taldlatgwoiadehdBIteldtnrxcheiaipdrsgucenapsicu,rlektvtgliAoewwloehniy.avfggsrrahieonesoahteawetrhitutbhiemhirthdotelhsagsaheedatnvtervts.eulahe,esIndsecs.ieey-s
AjcwJwNhMnecasrd1oeeoythao1ilhenoouesasnemva,rwonartx5rcustjseiynrhdie0ohniciocrWntec0teesegcrooantytgorrpdot,wuuoeniAfserbvnmrrrtdgsmislehomeeeeced.hwamgesoadio.stemnturrhsptI,rttrtinntihwemhe1ihwpcddlrea5ameaaheoaoeor9yt’tBestsemorfti0ephtrhdtSbirehoaeousonte,erenoerhiddmiasyststneunawfoehiritgteancgicotssuahregnaech.fasltnmeoAmentaahtTtnhs,toenAw2tumhehmtehoudt0hseemawfeles,fatrieobr0rirofolehdTyi1grr0limcdrsiar’9ii0ntgdidactssevhc3.drgtetmtsegaar0osFioewcoasnofsuifwrethnumltfsihpaeaenrreasagywirorssadf’eltsch,rmtkeakJaetahopfsfeowernCefaaome.eSdostxeraaouaBseiohpytoApnbnasoyutA.ulllssadeesooelOtnlacdrnitrCohgtaihibotaeshramgiee’laosirsso,egsbdrtsvtuavoaisisolernstt,iewtesegah,ltnyeNew jwfftcttTIpcauhhhoonaonrhhicuseeevmcs1eute-nei.iaC9rspeamdcwnSe9enrlamioido8emeatnvmvh,rohFeapeieattansusetenhunrtldfnchshecetsbajehtiauaroerovciavvemcnounteaeegeosfgrenosahistbssaobldintiohomrsegnhlneooargeh.oeeedvntitpT-fhsmhheetbrataehe,elaoeasDcrisosrftsniheeeotrnnafoeaiecaroressn,eafstlyeuleswobreowlhandpbfaeoreFediyitrccfrrnhe.cfraaheiisddoeHhnsundufjomlesddfeeaarfsreiv’lnsroshrtswle‘hse,odmiich’tynsteemssoraehaacihnasvaeetutoyelafhneotvmmilsavhedldeiceeHinrofeadnaialnssnnapoleggattltnroaueAannefetdtraeorhvoevlytsdradweaneeesfearnft.tkiyoca’ntiaafectdy,’dtss.
AtttctcaIitYsshhhhthsumogoesleeedeagleaatilaoatsgetncCCdbltehtaleondeullhsagesbooasotleotnuvvcsultHiafteonieiwttdfssisehntwgwtonoppahiedawtonmteeebeharowmcooienoneagnClppaatuansthsfllhyatenodee’itshlrefey.’f'ef,isssiekrfeTnccptaborloiaodeeAhsinnmorrlennneneygnlimlisgttAieefeourhhaetsvetwrfnlrauhrraiitweossidmeaeocscekfseskeotoaltatu,nraalataonhsnelricstlrseettneiteaforv.rmimseocenstseWtsduhom.dialoal2nAnaiyuhlhaukd0dettnipiihtued0nlnHnhodelamia-nysenet3vetlsiinrohaootua0ceSnhtnneftnmi0acoebagpCrbontnynsutroethmotetehtpsmaaiin-aahsleareCneeRrtaielfdssos.PloiroownSrnoasahsvshtcogmfaaioiitsossffewaircr
12
Times change
The questions follow the same order as the information in the text.
1 WADBC hrscdeeueinlsrruaptTacpriitipmnasoentidHthntatetoeotadtasfopnitnnheidcamnutsolpiutatioctcwerhetahadasnonttwnhaoderiitttssescphfooeaamvacderteraptlyohrorcihiinavnagtetde,dmdhbieeoinnerwentthahsmesaigtacnadaiverfee.ic.aa.nt.
2 WABCD htTTTTmoahhhhtieNeeegayyyyrroaewbatrnhtgewtheelrsrieoeeeAhervtidamuoezdnldeewdadrrtiiweahcttahbahaaco.traJheutotehtstodeheaferNwAtcheehceeawoaarsedpltMiooiaesln'stseoastxgtnighhiccsreaoteoosd.urtihypbnaeaotcthbfoeeommaur1ieltgy9tmr3hah0eonusrt?nrseoteruserotsmephhtaaaiiskndteeircndeaabitlneyldyCthbtareyanvafthiedrleasl.ettdimm. iegrants
3 TBADCheqpisluuolwugeinrsgsitttetriesaootrtnuetuthtshthaehoetsewtatrshcahiecgduunipmtriihafoairccnnayaasnaleomcfa‘eOrtbchoirhetfisaopoaenrcotethlucsoeeaagrnlsivctdlioaenirlsagytdtahhgnteioocsoeetrrosyet'rhmi(mclaiaatanlryemkraeb3ibcg0eolr)ewartdnoarstocs.nhgtire.avveemlleedn.t.
4 AWCBD hTTTTtahhhhhteeeeepioCCCCslillllanoooontvvvvdiiiiissss.s pppeeeexoooepppmllleeeplwcmifoieauerydledhtbhahyvaetevheebeahrerleaienedfseottrhenoenftchatehbeseimltimotayitighntorelaabfnniudtnigdladrfootpneurrpiSmsoattinhotitevaerexRmpbolioosgaarrteasIn.sthltasenwdco?eraesto. n
people's descendants must have spread out in search of new territory.
5 ATDBChesssinuhurdgopeigwspceeoasasrttreetscsashtrtthlhhytaehatmatatttrhihggDeeruoaCmfunilgtroesslvnatwitssspeeWprrteteolaopelmplroasloseceirenhedhaAsbadoysmprlceehiaanriisrcgcrthuaiiceeiwsaddttseeAordauembttmheorauoinctsatnpaloritevkivveeilreoy2uAf0srm,lo0yme0tr0hiEcoyauuenrgaorhlapstn.eag.guoa.ges.
6 WABDC hTTICathhetieersdtaoIveciaeinerrs-tluAaythargctlerelhaywahveiaermoidltllpeeolorrigstsstislspteiatrbstoselaiebgraatenbboiollfoyfiuciontcakdhtnihontpesgiremopfootophsfraisocsaibtfrrloomoenuuirtgttoeehruaeftttoheiAroattnmihtnsaeoetrfnvioecetoaahrdrnilesysxcuroimospatupiesgtltdeilr.eia.nsne.t.s took?
7 ABDTCimhathhoiutsethmhrroeyearsnmoHeuaraegeryacmhtahoaenntixoenpdtashlemocheriraadavlteraieedoynaeitnlorroeodfeafixtdrhaceyearctvbtesaefectaeaoecnmbtcsfeapovdueuentinsisdtdiienonrionnttthhwtfeheeiitaQsChsiullbDooelvceaeiarn.sytilCloaFynhee.ardr.ljeo'tst.e Islands because
Times change
CVocabularv
Wordlist on page 210 of the Coursebook.
Changes
cFbheoogroiqnsuneeinmsgtiuo(sn0t)sb. e1-a4p,pcroomprpialetteefeoarcthheofgathpes ginapbsowthitshenatwenocreds.frTohmertehiesbaonx.exTahmepvleerbatytohue
0 ba HI'vee cchhaannggeedd my mind - I'll have the soup instead of the prawn cocktail.
places with Jean so that he could sit nearer the blackboard.
1 a FIM'voaeodtjbruiadsltlf_os_tr_a_ra_Df_e_aev_i_od_f_B£_e2£c53k,mh00aim0llifowrno,ams_m__y_c_u_r_r_e_n_t_a_cfrcoomunMt taonmchyessatevrinUgnsiatecdcotounRt.eal
b
2 a WTulinthehecreoapnmtuuabrfsoelkirsetthodaiwbnwgalhyrcydionshmeshpchihasanodsyoenlah'tttae,dxsotnbeohokiss.homewitosrka,ttJeanmtieosn__a_w__a_y_f_r_o_m_
b
children s
3 ba TSehveesrnalowoflheeorpbarodokhasshave been _t_o__li_f_e_a_tfaolrtittueldeevsisoifonup. to 6,000 metres.
4 a wTThheeerejnaaecwlkiettttolewwtaeosroabtlipogechrktf,ehcatsfidt,rabmutaItichaaldlyt_h_e__t_r_o_u_sers ________ because they
b the appearance of the town.
2 Underline the word A, B, C or D which best fits each space.
1 Halwe'asys wasc.hanged at all since I last saw him - just as lively and outgoing as he
A slightly B hardly C subtly D nearly
2 The seat is ____ adjusted by pulling on this lever here.
A highly B fully C openly D easily
3 Prices vary____ , so do shop around before you buy your barbecue.
A widely B instantly C completely D closely
4 Icnutrse,stphoonusgehtoonglryovweirnyg critici.sm, the government modified its plans for education
A barely B fundamentally C slightly D faintly
5 aTomhaejrorcriendteitr,nsahtieonal chtariannsoffodrmepeadrttmheenbtusstionreesss. from a string of small shops into
A radically B revoltingly C enormously D increasingly
Complete each of the gaps with one of the words from the box.
1 Ydoouyoshuoguoloddg.o away somewhere for the weekend. A change o f. will
cdafootishtrnprcileetdtaaecuuacwintntdreiietoeeosnsn
2 Aa tcfhirasntgmeyopfa_r_e_n_t_s_r_e_f_u_s_e_d_t_o. let me go off travelling on my own, but then they had
14 3 After a very slow start, the car chase gives the film a much needed change of
4 Ibnecaamcoemapflaertmeecrh. ange o f__________ he gave up his job in teaching and
5 Tprheeviwoiuns msixargkaemdeas. change in th e __ ________of the team, which had lost its
6 pDaetsipeintet’tsh_e__o_p_e_r_a_ti_o_n__o_n_h. is eye, there has been no significant change in the
7 _F_o_r_m__a_n_y__y_e_a_rs,toanmtia-ksme oitkiilnleggcalamfoprapiegonpelres thoadsmcoaklleedinfboarras acnhdancgafeesin. the
8 The legalization of divorce reflected a change in _____________ towards marriage.
Times change
Language focus
Grammar reference on page 216 of the Coursebook.
1 nCeoerdretcot wthreitfeomlloowreintghasennotennecwesorbdy. cThhaenrgeinisgatnheexuanmdeprlleinaetdthweobredgoinrnwinogrd(s0.)Y. ou may
0 hIakvneokwnohwimn since we were at school together.
1 We would have a parrot, but he flew away one day when I was cleaning his cage.
2 The service was terrible; when our dessert arrived, Paul still ate his starter!
3 I have met some very interesting people on my holiday last year.
4 This must be about the tenth time I eat in this restaurant.
5 It's a long time since we don't see each other.
6 It wasn't the first time she was catching him taking money from her purse.
7 I'd like to stay in London longer, but we had to get back for Sandra’s wedding.
8 yI'edstreartdhaeyr!you didn't give him my phone number - he phoned me three times
9 You did nothing but complain since we've been here.
10 She was about sitting down, when she noticed the chair was broken.
2 Complete each of the gaps with an appropriate tense or form of the verb in brackets.
O
Derek Taylor, 87, is one of Britain’s longest-serving Santas: he (1 ) (put) on his red suit and
(manage) to hold down his job in a
(2 )white beard for nearly 50 years now. He believes he
Rotherham department store for so long by adapting to the changing attitudes of the children he
(3) (meet) down the years. ’Back in the 1950s, children (4 )_____________ (believe) in
Father Christmas totally and (5 )_____________ (ask) lots of questions, like "Where exactly do you live?"
or' "How do you manage to squeeze down chimneys?” Nowadays they just tell me about the presents they
want. Of course, the toys they ask for (6 )____________ (change) dramatically over the years. In the old
days, if you (7)
(say) you would try and bring them the doll or roller skates they wanted,
their faces (8) (light) up. Now it’s all mobile phones, computers and DVD players.’
(1 )O
I’ll never forget the time I _____________ (go) to the hairdresser's in the early 1950s for my first perm,
or ‘permanent wave’, after I (2 ) (see) a picture of Gina Lollobrigida with one in a film
magazine. I (3 )_______________(work) in a shop at the time, and I (4 ) (book) an
(wash) and cut
(5 )appointment for 1.30 pm on Wednesday afternoon, my half day off.
my hair, the hairdresser rolled it into tight and rather painful metal curlers. He then connected the curlers
to wires from a machine that looked as if it (6 )____________ (just/land) from outer space! He chose that
(7 )moment to tell me he ____________ (experience) problems with the machine for the last few days
and that the ‘baking’ procedure (8) _____________ (take) a little longer than expected. In fact, I
(9 ) (spend) over six hours in the hairdresser’s altogether and_(10)_____________ (not/
arrive) home until well after 8 o’clock! At one point during my long ordeal, after I (11)_____________ (sit)
in the same chair for about four hours, my worried husband phoned the hairdresser’s to ask what time I
(12) (leave). It was the first time I(13) (ever/have) a perm, and I decided
there and then that it (14)_____________ (be) my last!
15
Times change
( Use of English
( CAE Fart 3 ) Word formation
btFoeogfroiqnrunmeinsagtiwo(n0os)r.d1-th10at, fuistse itnhethweogradpgiinvetnheinscaampietallisnea.t Tthheereendis oafnseoxmaemopflethaet ltihnees
Book review: Walls have Ears by Mark Mitchell
Avid (0)_ readers of Mark Mitchell’s critically acclaimed historical novels will not READ
LATE
be disappointed by his (1 )_________ offering, Walls have Ears, a simple, but BEAUTY
(2) _____ ___ written tale of childhood innocence in a world of adult corruption. ADAPT
SATISFY
Mitchell, a former history teacher, shot to fame three years ago thanks to the television STAR
SELL
(3) _____ ___ of his fourth novel, Baroque of Ages, which followed the fortunes of VARY
two teenage siblings in seventeenth-century Britain. Despite the author’s (4)________ DISCOVER
with the TV production, (5)
Marian Blackshaw and Edek Sobera, it was a THREAT
HISTORY
huge success and (6 )_________ of his books for children rocketed overnight as a
(7)result. Walls have Ears is a _______
on the central theme of Baroque of Ages,
though this time set against the background of Hadrian’s Wall during its construction in
the second century. The chance (8)_________ by two young friends of a plot to
assassinate the Roman Emperor responsible for the defensive wall turns their world
upside down. The children are sworn to secrecy, but their conscience (9)_________
to get the better of them. (10)________ have criticized Mitchell for being too
liberal with the facts, but this will not deter his young fans from queueing up for their
copy of the book when it is released on June 20th.
( CAE Part 4 ) Gapped sentences
aFCloloruthrqsrueeebesotsoieoknn.tseHn1ec-re5es.bisIenlaontwhe,isxthaemixnepkrlceoisf(e0o,)n.theewwoordrdosnrleyqwuihriecdh ccaann bbee fuosuenddaopnprpoapgreia2te7lyofinthe
0 Tbohoekreinhgaosvbeeresneaasrheocleidnatys. shift towards domestic tourism with fewer people
Tcrhiemgeopvreervnemnteinotnp. lans to shift its attention away from punishing crime to
I’m changing to a different shift next week so I’ll be starting work much later.
1 The aim of the campaign is to an end to poverty in our inner cities.
Tthheesptuudrpeonstse. of using old films in the classroom is to ____________history alive for
Tlohcealnveiwllawgeartse.r pump will about a significant change in the lives of the
2 tTohmeree.were scratches along both of my car when Julia returned it
My mother always__________ with my brother whenever we have an argument.
Tnuhme cboearcohfagsokoeddpElarnyeersst.o to change___________ so both groups had an equal
16
Times change ^
3 The_________of the painting is thought to be the artist’s mother.
_T_h_e_f_e_s_ti_vatol ocrhgaanngizee.rs would like to point out that all times and dates of events are
aSwomkweaprodl.iticians change th e ___________ rather than answer a question they find
4 It's dangerous to ___________ lanes on the motorway without indicating first.
Awoltrhko.ugh we flicked the___________a number of times, the machine would not
Wthee wneilwl nsoofltownagreernbeexutsminogntthhe. old accounting software after we_________ over to
5 I came home to find my son___________ up bits of glass from the kitchen floor.
The holiday brochure showed majestic forests over the mountains.
Tdehpeanretmwebnot.ss has promised there will be changes within our
( CAE Part 5 ) Key word transformations
Futhsoeer fbqierustewtssteieeonnntestnh1cr-ee8,e,uacsoninmdgpstilhxeetewwothoredrdss,egicinvocenlnud.dsDienongtnethnoectewcshooarndthggaeitvtiehtneh. aHwseoarredsiimsgiaivlnaerne.mxaYemoaupnlimengu(0st)ot.
0 1haven't driven an automatic car for several years.
LAST
It’s several years since Ilast drove an automatic car.
1 This is your third warning from me this week about being late for work.
NOT
This is the third time this week I _____________________ be late for work.
2 I think Anita must have gone on a diet recently because she’s quite slim now.
HAS
It looks as dieting because she's quite slim now.
3 I always hated pasta when 1was a child but now I cook it regularly.
USE
I ______________________ pasta when I was a child but now I cook it regularly.
4 Ifrwieenndt wtoahnatevde musytoowlivneloinoksuacththaedaepparretsmsienngtpalnadce1! couldn't understand why my
SEE
Hwaanvtiendg_u_s_t_o_l_iv_e__in__s_u_c_h__a_d_e_p_r_esmsiynsgelpf,laIcceo! uldn’t understand why my friend
5 We wanted to continue our mountain trek but the weather was too bad.
LIKE
We on with our mountain trek but the weather was too bad.
6 Ihwotaeln.t to inform you that I was not satisfied with the standard of service in your
EXPRESS
I would_____________________ with the standard of service in your hotel.
7 I wanted to stay in last night but my flatmate insisted we go out.
SOONER
I ______________________in last night but my flatmate insisted we go out.
8 Didn’t you want me to tell the staff about your resignation?
RATHER
Would_____________________ the staff know about your resignation?
17
Times change
Writing
(CAEParti ) Formal and informal letters
1 Read the following two Writing Part 1 tasks.
A ytYftoorooieuypunorhhdeuaapvevaaxeesrpkemjliuanfasoigdntreibahn,begeaeornnwuhdtohoytnilhciodheauarywae.sxhepoterelakicdcstatshyfw.irsoeRtmoreeraiyncdoaotulthrtseoafumrtiirseafongafdacsRztoiolnremyetteaae.dnrYvdaenogrudtiivrswifenrrmgiieteehnndeatr,hlateahdtsevtewincrreoitttooetensynohuorw
B Yieatmhxdoepvpuletrahooritauvnivserineemhmgjaeuvwensnetthstpi.bcarehnoedmnastpophtneeecdantsoywtoweeuseerktyeosonwuhoirhstitatsoevarettioicmsaftlaahtcdeoteout,rrraayvnoaefdnlRwdaogrmmeitnaeeck.yaiC.nlRegertetrtaaeeidcrnottmahosempTmeiemcnatsgsdoaaonztfi'isonnTesouforsr,
Timson's Historical Tours
fa n ta s tic guide! Includes guided visits to the Pantheon, the Colosseum, the
d id n ’t g e t th e re - Sistine Chapel and a coach trip to the ancient Roman port
coach broke down
of Ostia. _____
There will also be two free days for you to do your own three - guide
sick on ia s t day
exploring with the help of our excellent guidebook,
no i t is n ’t
provided free of charge. — -------------
but not cost of
Cost: f 1,600, including return flights, four-star adm ission to
accommodation with bed and breakfast and coach trips in m onum ents!
and around Rome.
-- --------- --------------------- -------------------------------------------------
andi I ’m off -\o wiAh T\r^son'-5 TOvJrS
o p \ o pnex^ monAh. I'd be reaWy \nAeresAed
Ao hear how yovj on. T)\d \A a\\
SmooAhly ? Tdd you eaA we\\?
yes, b ut o p1 haven'A been abroad for aa^es and I'd
re s ta u ra n ts
like Ao as prepared as possible. I s
very pricey
2 P ?Ahere anyAhiny^ 1 ShodId know before 1
2 Aulentatdenerd.rlWiBnrebidteelionowfnoearmrweaotthriodenfiniirnsetAahc,ahtlhfgeaopifn.tfhToehrmetwraeol ilsleetatttenerr,esxtoraemcqopumlierpeadlet tbtehyetthhbeeeggtaainpsnksisin.ngUB(s0,e)tt.hheeformal
Times change
© ----------------------------------------------------------- o
Dear Sarah P&ar t>ir or Madam
Just api back -from Rome and found your letter I havejust (o) returned from Pome, where I spent a weefc
on one of'(our historical tours. I would lifceto express
waiting for me. I had a very good week there m>| general ( 0 ________________ with the holiday,
- the guide, Francesca, really made it for me and during which I learnt a great (2)________________
I learnt loads about the history of Rome. She about Pome and its history. This was largely due to the
really knew her subject and she explained things excellent work of the guide, Francesca, who impressed
so well. everyone with her (? )________________ and the
quality of her (4)_______________ .
So all in all I really enjoyed the holiday, but I’ve
just written to Timson’s to tell them about two I feel I should, however, drawyour
or three things that happened when 1 was there.
It’s really a way of helping them to make things © __________ _____ to a number of incidents
better for future tours - like the one you're
gping on next month! which occurred, in the hope that this may help you
to (M four service in future.
For one thingTwe never made it to Ostia CO , our planned visit to Ostia
because the coach broke down shortly after was cancelled, asthe bus broke down soon after our
(8 )________________and your local representative
we left and the local rep didn’t send another f l ) __________ _____ to send a replacement. In
one to replace it. Also, we had three free days (10) , our two free days became
rather than two, because our guide suddenly fell three, owing to the unexpected 0 0 ______________
III at the end and we were left to look after of our guide on the final day; once again, wewere not
ourselves. One last thing that’ll be of particular provided with a substitute. (12)_______________ ,
interest to. you - I only found out when I got I was rather surprised to (i? )________________
to Rome thrffc we haodurstoelvpeas,y to get into all the on my (14)________________ in Pomethat
ancient monuments which 1 thought
( © _______________ fees to ancient monuments
was* a bit cheeky considering the price. were not included in the price of the holiday.
That last point is certainly something for you to h> a result of my experience, I would like to make a
bear In mind when you go - make sure you ... number of recommendationsfor future tours.
------------------ •—---—— -----——j-J ! I -------- --——
wNoriwtec1o0m0p-1le2t5e ewaocrhdosfftohreelaetcthersle,tutesrin. g the following plans as a guide. You should
A Giving advice to your friend B Making recommendations to Timson’s
^5_^y75_^5_^5Y5_^5’^5_<f5 d3 d5 £5
costs o f admission - take arrange alternative if bus'
enough money breaks down, guide sick etc
guidebook poor - buyyour own make ad more explicit,
eg admission costs
restaurants can be pricey
- check in guidebook/ask guide Improve guidebook {say how)
about cheap ones
-----—------•——j,------------——: {—--:---- •----
D on't fo rg et! W hat to expect i
Continue each letter using the same In Part 1 you will be expected to write only one
informal or formal register. task type of 180-220 words.
Ena each letter in an appropriate way.
Use a wide range of language.
19
Gathering information
(C A E Part 2 ) ( Reading
Gapped text
Yr(e1om-u6o)av.reeTdhgfeorrioenmgisttoohnereeeaexdxtrtaarnactp.exaCrthraaogcortasfeprhofrmwomhaicmthhaeygpoaauzriadngoernaarpothticsnleeA.e-dSGitxothpueasreoa.ngeratphhast fhiatsveeabcehengap
Read through the whole of the base text (the main text with the gaps) before you start to make
your choices.
The house of maps
The w o rld o f g eo grap hy ow es a big
debt to Stanfords, suppliers o f maps
to the w o rld fo r over 150 years. Peter
W h itfie ld traces the com pany's early
history.
During the winter of 1887, art critic John Ruskin
to a well-known London shop for help: Gentlem
you any school atlas on sale at present w ithout railroads
in its maps? O f all the entirely odd stupidities o f modern
education, railroads in maps are infinitely the oddest to my
mind. The recipient of this rather strange appeal was the
firm of Edward Stanford, the map-seller who had made
’himself pre-eminent in his field.
f „ ___ a It was under the second Stanford's direction that the
The first Edward Stanford launched his business in
1853 when he took over the map shop of Trelawney firm's publishing programme reached its high-point
Saunders in Charing Cross, London. He had left
school at 14 to learn printing, moving on to work in a with Stanford's London Atlas o f Universal Geography,
number of shops before joining Saunders in the map
trade. Of course there were trade rivals but what put first issued in 1887, containing almost 100 detailed
them ahead was Stanford's recognition that the 19th
century was experiencing a rising demand for maps of maps. As a textual companion to the atlas, the
all kinds.
firm also published the magnificent Stanford's
!M
Compendium o f Geography and Travel, a six-volume
Of the personality of the first Edward Stanford
we know little, but his son, the second Edward encyclopaedia of geography written by a team of first-
Stanford who became head of the firm in 1882,
emerges more clearly, thanks to the survival of class scholars. |
both business and personal papers. In his business
letters he made it clear that Stanfords was no mere H1
shop, but a service for gentlemen governed by
gentlemen. His correspondents included some of the This could only be of benefit to sales and the rewards
outstanding geographers of the age, many of whom were substantial. Stanford prospered, the business
commissioned Stanfords to make maps for them. was entirely his own and he spent its profits freely.
He sent his three sons to Oxford University, bought
a large villa in a London suburb and invested in the
stock exchange. This prosperity was a world away
from the lowly tradesman's upbringing his father had
known in the 1830s. A reversal of fortune, however,
was soon to come.
20
mGathering information
He would have been relieved to know that all three This freed 5tanfords to concentrate on retailing and,
sons survived and that Edward Fraser Stanford finally, to take advantage of the revolution in travel
returned from the Middle East to become director that began to gather pace in the late 1960s. The
of the business. But a historical and social chasm package tourist heading for the beaches has little use
had opened up between the pre-war world and the for maps, but for the independent traveller, maps are
1920s. The family's earlier prosperity, a university essential companions. By importing maps from the
education and the army had transformed the mental four corners of the globe, Stanfords has maintained
horizons of the Stanford children: they lost their its unique role as a leader in mapping and travel
enthusiasm for trade and preferred their lives as literature, even though this material is no longer
officers and gentlemen. published by Stanfords itself.
A Local governors, railway or mining engineers, E Whether you sought an Ordnance Survey map of
newspaper editors and tourists all increasingly an English county or the goldfields of South Africa,
required maps, and within a few short years of his such a reputation meant that Stanfords was always
appointment at the shop, Stanford had initiated a the first port of call. Over 150 years later, Stanfords
map-publishing programme that would become the continues to flourish as a map-seller, and is still
most comprehensive in England. After securing the renowned for its small but intriguing role in Britain's
rights to sell official maps produced by overseas and political and social history.
colonial survey authorities, he set about reducing
this detailed survey information into smaller-scale F The First World War was to all but eliminate the
accurate and up-to-date maps.
firm. Many of its staff became soldiers; private
B In contrast to his dealings with these figures, there foreign travel virtually halted overnight; and all three
of Stanford's sons were commissioned as junior
were the day-to-day arguments with resentful trade officers. The effect was catastrophic and the strain
rivals and tedious officials, not to mention insolent on the ageing 'governor' proved fatal: when he
customers. On more than one occasion Stanford died the firm was deep in debt and its future looked
hears himself verbally abused when he asks for dark.
overdue payments.
G This was a risk that Stanford was willing to take.
C Alongside these achievements, the Stanford name
Their property was rebuilt and reopened at Covent
was synonymous with the maps of Ordnance Survey Garden with a splendid new showroom and space
but they also acted as sales agent for many other for all the cartographical and printing work on the
official bodies, including The Royal Geographical floors above.
Society and the War Office. Its role as distributor
of these official survey maps gave the business a
. unique status, reinforcing the perception that its
own maps must be authoritative and accurate.
D Consequently, some vital energy seemed to desert
the business: the golden age of Stanfords' map-
publishing was over, and the firm was ill-equipped
to survive the years of economic depression ahead.
The struggling business was eventually sold to
George Philip and all Stanfords' map-making
activities were absorbed into those of the parent
company.
21
Gathering information
Vocabulary
Wordlist on page 210 of the Coursebook.
Adjective and noun collocations
1 tCchooelmloCpcolauetteressetwbhoeitohckrt.ohseswadojredctuivseinigntbhoeldc.luAelsl btheelocwo.llEoaccahtioonfsthheavaensawppeersariesda innouunnitws h1i-c3h of
Across
3 _H_e__h_o_p_e_s_ttoo fbuelcfiolmhies wbuorrlndinchgampion.
5 mTbahokeuekdtihtbc-rwheeaandte.wrainsgf_il_le_d__w_i_t_h_tohfefreshly
6 Mcoouasritlpserhofofdetuscchttiasvv.ee_p__ro_v_e_d__t_oobfemtharekmetoinsgt
8 Tdehme oonrgsatrnaitzieorns wclaasim‘a trheastotuhneding
11 -It1mwaadsegaetwtineglctoirmede of losing. to win
12 _sSbe_ohq_oeu_kn_e._lo_two__fhaoecfrewshrutihgtieenldgyapauosnputucinclaegrssffiruslt
Down
421 WTHTTtTohhhheeteeeehcspngPoetiioerullcilwvelmadhessoareepsfnv.maMmoepeleeaidlnlrnncitthslhotocaeeulstarhatibyesmceseirdessgintedateh_vra__daec__atc_o_yut_f_hs_fa_ee_an_d_dn_d_oe_oa_mfoumopfnofpucqnr,ebuosmdlattirtlsseaiuhfwtnyisinoiteenygnegg_pgmw_sfi_o.ani_ssrg_lt‘e_a_ha__ed_d__fi_iis_nn.m_ga_la_s._l_t_o_h_e__r _C_ina\brienleatt.ion
1970
wFoitrheiat.ch noun you wrote in exercise 1, write two further adjectives which collocate
Verb and noun collocations
1 tMheatgcrhoeuapcmh oufstthceolnloocuantes iwnitthhethbeoxnotouno.nTehoefftihrsetgornoeuphsasobf eveenrbdso1n-e8f.oArlyl othue. verbs in
ianfcohramllaetnigoen scuhcacnegses aan parmobblietimon a paosssmibeilllity
1 achieve deserve enjoy meet with &ucce&&
2 achieve fulfil pursue realize _______
3 broadcast gather provide publish _______
4 face present rise to take up _______
5 bring about call for cope with resist________________
6 come up against face up to resolve run into _______
7 ignore look into overlook rule out _______
8 detect get rid of give off leave _______
22
Gathering information
fCirosmt opnleeteheaascbheeonf tdhoengeafposrwyoituh. the appropriate form of a verb from exercise 1. The
1 He was a brilliant musician, who thoroughly deserved the success he had
- though I don't think it made him any happier.
2 She still finds time to _________ her ambition to become a professional opera
singer, though she is aware she may never achieve it.
3 I've been_________ information on minority languages for my next book.
4 The recent dramatic increase in the number of burglaries_________ a major
challenge to the police.
5 The only way to progress is by welcoming change, n o t__________it
6 The company faced a number of problems, most of which it has now tackled and
successfully __________ .
7 We're currently__________the possibility of opening new premises; it depends on
the company's performance over the next year.
8 It stinks of smoke in here! Could you open the window to _________ the smell?
Word formation
sCeonmtepnlceete. Teahcehregiaspawn ietxhaamnpaleppartotphreiabteegfionrnmingof(t0h)e. word in capitals at the end of the
You may need to use the negative form of an adjective or adverb.
0 As a student, I'm still financially dependent on my parents. FINANCE
1 Unfortunately, many people are still worryingly__________of the IGNORE
facts about AIDS.
2 There are ______ versions of Vivaldi's Four Seasons, but this COUNT
recording is by far the best I've heard.
3 We'll have to walk to the village - it's _ to cars, ACCESS
4 We have discussed these problems o n ______ occasions and NUMBER
still nothing has been decided.
5 N ot__________perhaps, sales of air conditioning systems increased SURPRISE
considerably during the recent hot spell.
6 Bed o f Roses, widely seen as the finest__________work about the LITERATE
period, was published in 1976.
7 After several attempts, he finally passed his driving SUCCEED
test in June last year.
8 A _________ study of farming procedures in fifteen African countries COMPARE
has just been published.
9 Unemployment rose__________last year. DRAMA
10 As a special__________offer, there is a 10% discount on all kitchen INTRODUCE
units in the new range.
23
Gathering information
Language focus
Grammar reference on page 217 of the Coursebook.
Casotmwpolewteoredasc.hTohfetrheeisgaapnsewxaitmhptlweoatwthoredbs.egCinonnitnragct(i0o)n. s (eg haven’t, don’t etc) count
0 She went on holiday with her friends, though we’d rather &he had come with us.
1 It was a terrible film. I wish w e_____________the French one instead.
2 She found out from Jerry, but I’d ____________ told her myself.
3 rIef aitchheaddnan't_a_g_r_e_e_m_e_n__t.__ Eleanor's excellent negotiation skills, we might never have
4 I should____________ my gloves - my hands were freezing.
5 eMxopsetnesimveplCoyhereisstmwaosulhdamprpeefre.r_____________been given a bonus rather than an
6 ____________ known he intended to resign, I'd never have sacked him.
7 Itof ohnellpy_y_o_u_.________ spoken to me about it before; I done something
8 The accident_________ have happened if he hadn’t __________ at 90 miles an hour.
Tanicskw(e✓rs) athreospeoessnidbilneg. s which can complete the sentences. Either one, two or all three
1 ABIC’dyIhmoahvuuaevchehgaovarnaemetthooselhtdroormpbpiekinethgtehoatnrnumtahy.coarw. n.
2 ABICf swsshhhheeeadwutiswdoenudo'lutdtlwond'atgynehottauvtmodeeosi?netoevityteeoldul ,yyoouu
to her party.
she wasn't at home.
3 AIBCf iwwwt eeeh'avcddeoidnuen'lntd'jtbohgeyaeeevtndewfooeeurat.rttsehenelvoreausitnsvi,edrey. much.
4 ABICcihwofuaimdltdhyinot'uptntahortathevnebetefsedinhnoaanfndeocnrii'tatthlfsiesunupafpinpnpcoaoirnatrcletlidyoalfmmseu.ypppoarret notfs.my parents.
5 AIBCf yynitoooguutho’pleilnusrgsefhagwsrtteohetuar.ilttd.bhuattpopne,n.
6 ABCI wwhhiaasohdduIlhmdaohdraemvteoimrmeeotritmoe tediomtoeevdteooryedtvoheiernyvgte.hriyntgh.ing.
7 ABICf Ihhhweee'dewhrahoedautnvlo'detlnpet'otnaidhpdaahviyitemibptatabchiakdec. kimt sobonaoecnyk.,.
8 AIBC'llisitffheItolhluhahlatdep’srpsawhelenrhibgatotehytsionweeutiethrthehesriy.ntoekud.?
24
Gathering information
Use of English
( CAE Parti ) Multiple-choice cloze
bFeosrtqfuitessetiaocnhsg1a-p1.2T, hreeareditshaenteexxtabmeplolewaatnthdethbeengidnenciindge(w0)h.ich answer (A, B, C or D)
Don't forget! V
Read the text through first before you start to make your choices.
Garbology
To most people, landfill sites are (0 ) holes in the ground where waste
(1 ) is buried. To garbologists, however, they provide a valuable (2 ) of
information about a population’s activities in areas such as food consumption and
waste disposal. G arbology is a branch of ethnography, a science which abandons
traditional methods of (3 )----- _ market research information, such as questionnaires
and focus groups, in favour of (4 ) observation of people and their habits.
The world's (5 )_____ garbologist, Professor William Rathje, is also an archaeologist.
6Archaeologists study past cultures by examining the ( )
of objects and
buildings, but the basic principles of archaeology can also be applied to the
discarded rubbish of present-day civilizations in order to (7 ) a better
understanding of how people behave now. As founder and director of the Garbage
Project at the University of Arizona, Professor Rathje has ( 8 ) over 30 years of
his life to the archaeological study of modern refuse.
His work is of (9 )_____ interest to commerce; companies need to understand the
lives of their consumers in order to create brands which will be of most (10) _ to
them. Rathje’s (1 1 )_____ can help them achieve this. In addition, his analysis of the
composition of landfill sites reveals a greater need not only to recycle more rubbish,
but also to (12) _ _ down on the amount of rubbish we produce in the first place.
0 A easily B simply C bluntly D directly
1 A selection B product C fabric D material
2 A spring B origin c source D fountain
3 A holding B meeting c obtaining D comprising
4 A near B close c tight D hard
5 A heading B leading c charging D fronting
6 A rests B ruins c relics D remains
7 A gain B learn c make D gather
8 A conveyed B devoted c apportioned D spent
9 A high B large c great D deep
10 A function B serving c use D purpose
11 A outcomes B findings c implications D derivations
12 A lower B cut c bring D get
25
Gathering information
( CAE Part 4 ) Gapped sentences
Ftehxortreraeqcusteessnottineonnpcsaegs1e.-5I3n,1tthahininsdke3xo2efroocfinsteeh,ewthCoeroduwroosnerldbysoworekhq.iucHhireecrdeanicsabanenbueesxefadomuanppldperio(n0p)tr.hiaeterelyadininagll
0 Tthheemchtoeflecaovme.plained that everyone was getting in his and ordered
Ron is determined to win this competition and I can't imagine him going out of his
tV^.V________ to help anyone else.
Imwuasesusmur.prised that none of the people I asked knew the way to the
1 Thahpepheenaidnmg iansttehrismsuchstotoalk. e urgent_____________to stop the bullying that is
I had to stop and rest before I climbed the final___________ of the lighthouse.
Icfaymopu. get lost in the woods, you should retrace your__________and go back to
2 Tdrheeagmroituwp obuellidevreeadcthhenusomnbge_r_1_._______ a good chance of being a hit but didn't
Bcheiilndgrethneaot nsclyhocohli.ld with an American accent, I _________ out amongst the other
Mcoyupldatroengtest_m__e_r_e_le_a_s_e_d.by m e all the time I was in prison and did everything they
3 Would you for a cup of coffee while you're waiting to see Mr Williams?
Our society should take m ore__________ of the elderly and treat them with respect.
tMroaurbtilne.doesn't seem to _________that his aggressive behaviour could get him into
4 ePxoplilcoedneodwyedstoeurdbatyth. at anyone will__________responsibility for the bomb that
Tanhyeoonled. lad y 's that she had seen a UFO was never taken seriously by
Iffuytuoruehcaavreinasnuaracnccidee. nt and m ake a _______________ , you will have to pay more for
5 sMtainteismteersnht baveefobreeesnpetoalkdintog wtoatihteunptrielstshaebFoourtetihgne iSneccidreetnatr.y_________ a formal
uTnhleikseulbyjteoctboefrleesgoallvizeidnsgodornu.gs is one of those controversial which is
Isnpetchiealnreexptotwrtoon the health coafrethceriNsiast.ional Reporter we will be bringing you a
( Writing
( CAE Part 1 ) Formal letters
1 tRaeskads itnheAf-oCllobwelionwg WtheritqinugesPtiaornt. 1 task. Before you write your answer, do the related
wYcealxoahnpusielscwaa.hirTsneypihonaseugtpnuewhdwrayhavriyrinettgyeimcoaaluaetldeaafeebtcetsooeloulrtmlhteteogaeelnptihibronoerteaptnshroe,yeswaasPnlshadptoorauktphclddeelaorlnrseeeoedsatiturthboeletears,lcooorlefocfsasBapelldoslaiu.ntbcrdrvhaienirnyygg.cttRoaornetra.hiedYedtoahouretuihcatalrbvetyiecaylrneeod,auodrn
26
Gathering information
‘Library should close,’says councillor --k nonsense!
too fa r fo r many LOCAL COUNCILLOR David Markham has called for the Not what our
closure of the public library in Blatchington’s Parkdale area. survey says
• Your letter should According to Mr Markham the Parkdale library is underused.
be consistently with most residents preferring the larger Central Library in where’s th e p ro o f?
formal. Green Street. ‘A great deal of money has been injected into
the Parkdale library.’ explained Councillor Markham, ‘yet local
• See pages 21 residents have failed to take advantage of the facilities. The more im p o rta n t
and 194 of the building could be converted into a sports facility.’
Coursebook for
information on to have a decent
writing formal
letters. Class survey of Parkdale residents lib ra ry
How often do you use the Parkdale library?
AOtnlceeasotrtthwreiceetaimweeseakweek 389%% ANbevoeurt once a month 4112%%
Write your letter in 180-220 words. You do not need to include postal addresses.
A Summarizing'the information in the survey
Which of the following sentences would be more appropriate for your letter? Why?
1 Iotinnmloyeus1ra2s%wurenveeekyv, e39r8%u%soeufistt.heeitpeoonpcleeowretwinicteeraviweweeekd, u4s1e%thgeoPtahrekrdeaaleboliubtraornycaetalemasotntthhreaend
2 Aonlmlyoastrhelaaltfivoeflythsomsealrlepseidrceenntstaignetesraviidewtheedyvmisaitktehenolibursaeryo faittslefaasctiloitnicees aatwaelle.k and
B Using your own words
wWtmhhaehitecberhroeixaip.tl.oTesCxhspoeibrmnelsempslyeeaostte.cuhesahecoahcuhlodfseathnveoteigndaccpeostpoiynitnhsgeenththeaenncldaewnsgr1iut-at4egnwe ncitoohtneotanoienneotdhfetihnneethnweosuipnnapspueftrroamrticle
journey claim evidence priority
1 __________should be given to the improvement of the existing service.
2 Acelnatrrgee. number of residents are unable to make the long__________into the town
3 Your__________that local residents do not use the library is untrue.
4 There is little__________of this investment.
C Building on the information
nSoutcecsesasnfsuwl earnisnwgeerascehxopfanthdeoqnuoensteioonrstwbeoloowf.the points in the input material. Make
1 Wtoohfaatrtyfopresmoafnpyeople might find it difficult to travel into the town centre?
2 wWhhearte’sevthideepnrcoeomf?ight there be to prove a lack of investment in the library?
3 Wmohrye iismapolirbtraanrtytoimhpaovretaandt?ecAenntdliwbrhayryis a new sports facility less important?
You are told to write 180-220 words, so you may not be able to use all your ideas.
27
Work time
( CAE Part 3 ) Reading
Multiple choice
Ychoouoasreethgeoianngstwoerrea(Ad,aBm, CagoarziDn)e warhtiicclheyaobuouthtiwnkorfkitsanbdeshtoalcidcaoyrds.inFgotroqtuheesttieoxnts. 1-7,
No cure for the summertime blues
Paul Gould looks at the highs o f going away and the lows as your post-holiday glow fades.
Irrespective of the destination, it's the coming back a day or two. There's the gratification of colleagues
that hurts. As you trudge in to work and go back to asking where you've been. It can be quite amusing
the old routine, post-holiday blues hit whether you've for the first morning when you can show off by telling
been to a tropical paradise or simply spent a week people you've been to exciting places having more
at a local campsite. It is a recognized psychological fun than them. But then day-to-day hassles crowd in
pattern: we switch to a low after a high, we get thick and fast. The holiday may well have seemed like
despondent when a spell of basking in bliss is abruptly ages at the time, but now it shrinks to a tiny blip. You
ended. feel cheated.
For me, that bliss was tasted at its most Perhaps holidays give us an unrealistic taste of
intoxicating tw o years ago in a secluded bay in fantasy. I detect something altogether darker: they
southern Crete in Greece. At the time, a fortnight compel us to see how much aggravation, tedium
seemed to expand into a way of life. Days were taken and mediocrity we put up with the rest of the time.
up with massage, sunbathing, swimming and yoga. On a more paranoid note, is it possible we've been
There was constant laughter amongst friends. Being intoxicated by a cynical holidays industry? Are
a wage-slave seemed inconceivable: I was born to holidays just a mechanism whereby we swap our role
dance and sing and be pampered. This, I felt, was as producers in the great big economic machine for
how life should be. More unsettling, though, was my that of the consumer? Professor Cooper confirms
conviction that life could be like this. If only I could my fears: 'We go on holiday and become consumers
cling on to this happy state, my potential for joy and and because work is so time-consuming, the way we
creativity would be unlocked. justify it is to use the money to make us feel better
about our limited existence, saying: "A t least I can
It couldn't last. The blues set in even before the afford a nice holiday".' Surely we can't just blame the
holiday ended. What we needed, one of our group industry? Some of my best holidays have simply been
declared, was a post-holiday trauma support group. times when I chose to hang out w ith friends, have
Is trauma too strong a word? Cary Cooper, professor long conversations, feel carefree. Professor Cooper
of psychology at the University of Manchester, says believes these are opportunities that allow us to invest
the symptoms are undoubtedly genuine: 'It's things in relationships.
like being more aggressive or more withdrawn, mild
depression, feeling tired even after a good night's After a holiday, Professor Cooper advises going
sleep. Really, you're angry at the lifestyle you're re back to work gradually: 'Do only the stuff that needs
entering but you can't take it out on your lifestyle so immediate attention, leave on time, go to the gym.'
you take it out on other people.' Thank goodness w ork-life balance has entered
public debate. It is high time we got agitated about
So what of my hope of clinging on to that holiday the realisation that four weeks' holiday a year and
feeling? My resolutions were to continue yoga classes, a working week of 40 hours plus means we can set
to take up massage and to rise above stress. Couldn't aside no time or energy for things that matter, such as
I maintain that way of life? 'The reason you don't is our partners, our children, our friends, staying healthy,
that people get really absorbed in work, then get on or cooking instead of ready meals. But Professor
the train or whatever, and by the time they get home Cooper's advice so far can only help so much. A more
they're exhausted and just flop in front of the TV,' revolutionary solution is downshifting. 'People see the
says Professor Cooper. The post-holiday glow may last
28
Work time
gap between a normal human life and the treadmill all. In his acclaimed book The A rt o f Travel, Alain de
existence and realize the cost is too great,' he says. 'So Botton sums up this yearning: 'Few seconds in life are
they think: "Why not work for a smaller company or more releasing than those in which a plane ascends to
set up on my own?"' the sky ... its ascent is a symbol of transformation. It
can inspire us to imagine analogous, decisive shifts in
Yet the long-hours culture is probably only part our own lives; to imagine that we too might one day
of the problem. That post-exotica depression is also surge above much that looms over us.' So perhaps the
brought on by sheer boredom, noisy neighbours only way to cure post-holiday blues is to start planning
or, worse, domestic issues causing tension. The the next one as soon as you get back.
traditional saying is 'There's no place like home' but
it sometimes seems there's no place like away from it
AIBCDn hoaapfrcaaficprseauepcgrtewrnpwaheprheoehenpgnlaoaerandhwehlo,eiolttsihlhsdidealoiaywtfytlhtrehhiateavsesarhnrbosoieualtiegtdbingoaeenycesuntlisontsctsathahhttiaoeisotrfitrynp.i.wonsgot.-rkh.oliday feelings of depression
ADBDCurdacreseiesntrtoeetgannrihmtinfsiusihhnleheedaodbclaoiotdtouuatlthsydtaeiamnnrctahiClwialnrunoetsgatrieekio,ninintnthgohehfafiohwtsrawrbphiaetpiehymiranosvweefisloalsfisu..vri.ng.
WADBC hIIHPttaeothcoladaipdnsoleaeacyshassaPuecvsrraeoeionfapeuoesstnoseiolnpmyrdlepeiCnnataocccrrytybeoaetCosnhoeapcovtoeprenraefifuronumbrsameeanliasweuntvrncheeepiscaslahebwtaoawsiulatrothenrtatktrdraw.ayuuameymxatai?os.twsairndas poethrseorsn..
WDABC hTTTTahhhhteeeeayyyyrelufeaexnwceadlkegeagtrtsheoeetsrlhadtmitomeauebwagnoththeuaettlthnhpdeeeidsohetcipsoimcplleirlediiwbnatiehyhneotgtyohhienmtayetvaoeheidantbhdtteaoeewiincnraocsabmoatlloicmlfeokeaistasgthyttuoolewerswto.c.orhkraknf.ogre.a few days?
DAIBCn wbrfpeoeaoccrokruakgesgenlroonianznepergrheettholfraievhtaieofso,rsunuterhssrshettriitanwphtseirooiitrtrnhdesesreuyrosptfhtaeoaetrveviaoseefrfrtnoyhsedroagdactlyietgaiclmolitfieseendt.ga.otfouf.sn. holiday forces people to
AIBDCn pehiplneilagucrrhssoautlguriagarrdaatheegptehtwphepsheoieixpoac,ldpheovleonaofentfoPtotahrfpgoetrefhovesetsaeoslwsufoterrpaietCobeofoorp'pouslpeetaretbisrhmoe'secnsipoarirmlsowrpiteonoolrgasktaisinloesglnfas-herhoemiupvprsasl.ol.iyde.d.
TADBChpsdcehoriwsooncmwrtoirtuaoetsrhtreat'esgptpepheluoeperpeaipldoseouep'ssarleeedthirfdneraeoatrummisrviisesnskdewg-tfttitralthiohknemegwqrsdhudoaolreetwtaaatdnhmtieobaiynnemgfafocroarotrebumeoatrhluleTeytwhyaegaaodArrdierofitfnnreoegrtafeoldTniyfartea.c.lvhifeieelsvitsey.lteo.
Work time
Vocabulary
Wordiist on page 211 of the Coursebook.
A Adjectives of personality
Match each of the adjectives to an appropriate description.
insdlaupsdtraisohus adpopmroinaceheraibnlge sinagtltee-nmtiivneded trucsotnwceoirttehdy
1 She always works very hard.
2 He doesn’t take much care over his work.
3 She’s so friendly and easy to talk to.
4 He thinks he's so intelligent - it’s extremely irritating.
5 The staff are always so polite and helpful.
6 Her only aim is to become managing director.
7 Your secret is safe with her.
8 fHoer ttrhieeisrtfoeecloinngtrsoolroothpeinrsiownsit.hout any consideration
B Time
Complete each of the gaps with one of the words from the box.
atot aosiudte foonr oofff uinp
1 Sorry, I can’t stop to chat - I'm a little pressed time.
2 We had hoped to discuss the matter in the meeting but we ran _____ of time.
3 I always try to se t some time each day to read the newspaper.
4 We have a huge garden, which takes most of my free time.
5 Nshoetbmecaonmy epseofpamleohuasv.e heard of her, but it’s only a matter time before
6 I did as much as I could the time available.
7 Wheeredyident.’t arrange to meet _ any specific tim e, but I’m surprised he's not
8 He is retiring from his post in order to devote more time his family.
9 sSmhealalltwalaky.s gets straight to the point; she doesn’t like to waste time
10 Aanlltepnreagtanlacnatrew.omen in this country have the right to take tim e___ work for
Add the expressions in bold in B to your vocabulary notebook.
30
Work time
C Skills
diCtoeonmmepoflofevrteoytcohaueb. uclraorsyswwohridchbycoslololvciantgesthweitahntahgerawmosr.dEsakcihllsa.nTswheefriirsstaosnineghlaes-wboeredn
Across
4 mop truce
11810 lrcioocsmeecipchlamannotuntain
Down
2675931 pbaaaaaurenlmscnsueatsnaicitecligorsilepnrhatiagangerlnaeergaillet zoo
( Language focus
^ fjj^ Grammar reference on page 218 of the Coursebook.
Punctuation
Emaiscthakliense. Tinhtehree ifsolalonweixnagmaprlteicalet tchoenbtaeignisnanipnugn(c0t)u.ation mistake. Correct the
0 A heating company near Birmingham has introduced group hugs to ii£tss workforce
1 in a drive to boost staff morale. Since, employees at Farrelly Engineering started
2 hugging first thing in the morning and last thing at night; profits have more than
3 doubled Now the firm is introducing other initiatives, including soothing music
4 and regular nights' out at company expense. The idea came after Jerry Farrelly,
5 the director went on a motivational course in an attempt to improve morale. He
6 explained, that while many of his staff were suspicious at first, they soon came to
7 appreciate the regime. Often new staff raise their eyebrows when they see what
8 goes on, but we have found they soon get into the mood,' he said. Padma Mistry
9 who works in the aceounts-department, commented on the difference between the
10 attitudes of men and women, 'The girls decided among themselves to start hugging
11 each other/ she explained. 'The men dont want to join in, but they have tried to
12 shake each others hands each day. A hug is a superb start to the day. We never
13 argue now as everything is so relaxed. Its a really fun place to work.' Rob Carter,
14 who has worked for the firm for five years said he used to work long hours and get
15 very stressed. However that's all changed. 'It may sound strange, but I actually look
16 forward to going in to work on Monday now, he confessed/
31
Work time
( CAE Part 2 ) Use of English
Open cloze
Fgaopr.qUuseestoionnlys o1n-1e5w, roeraddintheeatcehxgt abpe.loTwhearnedisthainnkexoafmthpelewaotrtdhewbheicghinbneinstgf(it0s).each
• Read the text throu gh first before you start to make your choices.
• The emphasis is on gram m atical words, such as prepositions, auxiliary verbs and articles.
Female butlers
A new breed of butlers has appeared (0) on the scene; increasingly, it seems ( 1 ) rich and
famous are turning (2 ) women to perform the little domestic duties of everyday life. But (3 )____
female butlers are in ever greater demand, they are also in short supply. Ivor Spencer, who runs the
(4 )___ traditional of the well known butler schools, (5 ) trained only eight women in 21 years.
Even at the more progressive butler academies, (6) __ as Robert Watson’s Guild of Professional
Butlers, fewer than one (7 )_____ fourtrainees are female.
Butlerine Sarah Whittle says that women are in demand (8) they’re less stuffy than men. 'We’re
better (9 ) picking up on people’s m oods,’ she says. 'And we can organize several things at
( 1 0 )___ : it’s in our nature to multitask.’ Whittle (1 1 ) expected to be smart and professional
(12) _____ duty, but she does get glamorous perks - presents of chocolate, cham pagne and, on
(13) ___ __occasion, an expensive pair of shoes. But the job has its downside. Hundred-hour weeks are
(14) ___ uncommon, the hours are unsociable and the tasks often(1 5 )____ than glamorous.
( CAE Part 3 ) Word formation
tbFoeogfroiqnrunmeinsagtiwo(n0os)r.d1t-h1a0t, fuistse itnhethweogradpgiinvetnheinscaampietallisnea.t Tthheereendisoafnseoxmaemopflethaet ltihnees
Sales manager
As part of its major new programme of (0) expansion RAL Cosmetics is seeking to EXPAND
REPRESENT
appoint a dynamic sales professional to run a team of sales (1 )___________ in DETERMINE
LEAD
the UK. You will be highly-motivated, with the drive and (2 ) tobe the
ATTEND
best In your field. You will also have strong (3 )__________ qualities and be an APPLY
effective communicator. The position will involve frequent travel to Europe for PREFER
COMPETE
(4 )____________ at international sales conferences, as well as training courses at INSURE
CHALLENGE
our head office in Lyon. Priority will be given to those (5 ) whocan
RECEIVE
demonstrate a good working knowledge of French. Previous experience in the cosmetics
industry is (6 )___________ though not essential. We guarantee a comprehensive and
(7) ___________remuneration package, including a company car, private health
(8) __________ and a contributory pension scheme. If you feel you have the necessary
qualities and background, and enjoy working in a (9 )___________, high-paced
environment, send your CV to Alain Sylvestre, 22 rue Marivaux, 69142 Lyon, France.
Closing date for (10)__________ of applications: September 25th.
32
Work time
( CAE Part 5 ) Key word transformations: gerunds and infinitives
uCansoidmngspitlxehtweeowthrodersds, eignciocvlneundd.siDnegnottenhnoectewcsohoradtnhggaievt eitnth.heHawseoraersdiismgaiinvlaeernxm.aYmeaopnulienmg(u0ts)o.t uthsee fbierstwt seeenntetnhcree,e
0 She will often panic if there is a problem.
TENDENCY
She to panic in the face of a problem.
1 I was surprised when he said he wouldn't work overtime.
RHIEisFUSAL
2 Don't bother to read that book. as a surprise to me.
WORTH
I t ____________________________that book.
3 Shall I carry your bag for you?
T.TTCF.
W o u ld _____________ your bag for you?
4 He tried very hard to stop smoking.
EFFORT
H e ________________________ up
5 Iwfhoeunnhdeitsiamidptohsasti.ble not to laugh
HELP
when
he said that.
6 Ithf eyobuusd.on't leave now, you'll miss
BETTER
Yyoouu'l_l_m__is_s_t_h_e__b_u_s_._____________ else
7 I find it difficult to remember names.
DIFFICULTY
I ____________________________names.
8 They made us clean up the mess.
MADE
We up the mess.
9 She didn't like the fact that he had been treated so badly.
BEING
She objected____________________________so badly.
33
Work time
Writing
( CAE Part 2 ) Reports
1 Read the following Writing Part 2 task.
Aainbnothiunettetwhrnaeyastyiitoounuaantligornpeseieonapyrlceohusprgerconoudupntthirseyi.craYfrroreyueinsthgimooueul.dtY:aonuihnavveestbigeaetnioansiknetdo tcohwanrgitienga trreepnodrst
• tdheastcryiobuentghepecohpalnegsepsetnhdatthheaivreftraekeetnimpelace over the last twenty years in the way
• say whether these changes have been for the better or the worse
• suggest how you think the situation might develop in the future.
Write your report in 220-260 words.
Tthhehelepmfyooildluo-.w1T9inh6ge0nsr.ewPprouitrtetthwaeassupiawtrarabigtltereanhpehiansdiainnngsthwfeoerrcoetorarctehhcetptoaarrsdakgerra,abuposhvi.negbtyhae Bunridtiesrhlinpeedrswonoridns to
• 1 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................
The growth in popularity of the car has made once popular pastimes rather dangerous. Street
games such as football, skipping or marbles are no longer such a common sight. Similarly,
cycling on the open road is becoming less attractive, particularly with the construction of
motorways, which began at the end of the last decade. Sadly, youngsters now spend more
time in the home, where another invention has radically transformed their habits.
• 2 ................................................................
The main difference between now and twenty years ago is the increased wealth and
g i^ te r amount of free time available to young people. This, in itself, represents a welcome
change, but two other developments have restricted the nature and quality of leisure time
activities.
• 3 ................................................................
It is highly likely that television will continue to dominate the lives of our youth in the years
to come. Teenagers and people in their twenties may well spend most of their spare time
at home, simply watching TV programmes or listening to their latest long-playing records.
They might even begin to wish they had less free time on their hands.
• 4 ................................................................
The purpose of this report is to comment on recent changes in the way young people make
use of their spare time in my country and to consider possible future trends.
• 5 ................................................................
Where previously whole families would gather round the radio to listen to a gripping drama,
now children fight with their parents over which of the two television channels they should
select. Courting couples rarely go ballroom dancing or join long queues outside cinemas
and music halls as they once did; instead, they stay in to watch television or perhaps worse,
attend wild pop concerts or parties, where they dance in uncontrolled ways.
,— ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- j i;— i ............................................. — — — 1—
-
34
Work time
3 Find examples in the model of the following:
Language used to compare the past Different ways of referring to
and the present people
eg once popular pastimes
eg youngsters
Language used to make future Different ways of referring to free time
eg cIot nistihniugehl.y.. likely that television will
4 tUhnedcehralinngeetshhoasevewboeredns faonrdtheexpbreetstseironosr twhheicwhoresxep.ress the writer's opinion on whether
eg This, in itself, represents a welcome change ...
5 uTexshipenrgewsnrsioitoeunrnosinfratthhtheeermretpohdoaerntl uavnseesrswbsae.rc.Foonrseisatcehntolyf tfhoermfoalllorwegiinsgte,rf.inSdomtheetiemqeusi,vathleisntinvolves
a The car has become more and more popular ...
b ... especially because they’ve built motorways ...
c ... young people have more money and more free time.
6 Now write your own answer to the question on page 34.
Useful languag HBSRHSSHmi
Refer to the fo llo w in g sections in the W ordlist o f the Coursebook:
• Possibility: page 209
• Change: page 210
D on't fo rg et!
• Plan your answer before you w rite .
• Use a consistently form al register.
• Link one paragraph w ith the next, as inthe model.
• Give your report a title and each o fyourparagraphs a heading
35
Getting on
( Reading
( CAE Part 1 ) Multiple choice
Yfrietolsautbiaeorsnetsgahocipicnsog.rdFtoionrrgeqtauodetsthhtieroetneesxet1.x-t6ra, ccthsowosheicthhearaenaslwl ecron(Ac,erBn,eCd ionr sDo)mwehwicahyywoiuththink
Homestay Families required for
Overseas Students
GLOBAL LANGUAGES are currently seeking potential
families w ho could offer homestay accommodation to
our students. Being a homestay provider means offering
accommodation to one or more students (one room per
student) from tw o weeks up to a six-month duration.
Families may opt for providing board and lodging
over Christmas, for which they would receive a 20%
supplement. Both homestay families and overseas students
are required to complete a detailed questionnaire regarding
their preferences and requirements to ensure successful
placements. Prior to being registered as one of our families
it is essential that you agree to socialize with your students
for a minimum of tw o hours per evening
over the weekend. A homestay co-ordinator can be
contacted 24 hours a day in case of emergency.
Our students are of diverse nationalities and come to
England with a view to improving their English, but
also to discover England's many cultural attractions.
They tend to be independent-minded
organize trips and outings individually or w ith their
peer group. You may also find that they will often
eat out, although they are advised to notify their
homestay family if they do not require an evening
meal. Homestay providers who receive the most
positive feed-back are the ones who allow their
students to integrate within their family. It is the
opportunity for this kind of relationship which
usually makes students go for the homestay
experience and why we offer this kind of
accommodation.
1 TABDCmoubhttbatsbhahsicoeeetkteecluwamieaieadrbcpitra.llcsietyelotesiausnnppt.ndogstoyee.ntodnossfttfiasusbe.spdrilaeeaintnchydtcofotmaohmrasemeatstttosahatydemuapdstoreicouonhvnntoitodidnoleufraur,tilrilnagmogecfeanapmttwuebisiltlythioc 2 ABDCSbteuctwhdacdhaoraoeeaeuuvmnnnsneatteotsnsnrtettxyotohlwe.iveofnteieiyusdsmehs.lteaottohbtcoeoahyuprortaroaerlnsiepvegapietnrahegerexttahhclooeuofinrmraseioefoiaswnnmtasnaiylbfyfoyoo.oprdetii.ognn
Getting on
Extract from novel usually strikes most people as reserved and dignified. At
that moment, however, he had the pure intensity of a
"Sometimes I regret that I ever married into a Chinese little boy playing with a battleship.
family," Phil said when he heard we had to go to San I pretended to be equally busy, perusing the help-
Francisco, a hundred miles round-trip from our house wanted section. Three months ago, I took a position as
in San Jose, made worse by weekend football traffic. a speech and language clinician with the local school
Although he's become genuinely fond of my mother district. And while I was basically happy with the job
over the fifteen years we've been married, he's still I secretly worried I had missed a better opportunity.
exasperated by her demands. And a weekend with My mother had put those thoughts in my head. Right
the extended family is definitely not his preferred way after I announced I had been chosen over tw o other
to spend his days off from the hospital. "Are you sure candidates for the same position, she said, "Two? Only
we have to go?" he said absently. He was busy playing two people wanted that job?"
with a new software program he had just loaded onto
his laptop computer. He pressed a key. "H otcha!"* he * H otcha is slang expressing d e lig h t o r success.
exclaimed to the screen, and clapped his hands. Phil
is forty-three years old and with his wiry gray hair he 4 jAABCofbt,fopwedersofealhctshtsheiiettdcehri.eooawdnntr.chsiehteerernrwmehdaaosdsthhitneeorlthdhwaehdawesnrironmotnsologotmohfkieeeerlwddabafooyofruweatnonhvroeikotr.huesr
D wished she had kept it secret from her mother.
bTABDCahtetsesilmuhmwegosprpgwhlihyteiepasatrst'hdiritasnehifetfafoePePtrrrhhPdseiiheltnlo'risitlsts‘lmoaiaigdcliniesktsotoolpreffienPbnmghodaiyhslt'eusphrrlic.iasthyytaii.rmnagcewt.erit.h a
Machine rage is dead ... long live emotional computing
You have spent the last 20 minutes talking to an fields, scientists are now creating computers and robots
automated call centre. A passionless, computerized that can detect, and respond to, users' feelings. The
voice drones out assurances and urges you to press yet discoveries are being channelled by Humaine, a £6
another key. Your blood pressure soars. Finally you hurl million programme that has just been launched by the
your phone at the wall. Or your teenage son becomes European Union to give Europe a lead in emotional
immersed, with increasing agitation, in a computer computing. As a result, computers will soon detect
game. As his temper worsens, his performance our growing irritation at their behaviour and in turn
declines until he ends up trashing the console in a fit generate more sympathetic, human-like messages or
of adolescent rage. Computer angst - now a universal slow down the tempo of the games they are running.
feature of modern life - is an expensive business when Robots will be able to react in lifelike ways, though
you come to think of it! we may end up releasing some unwelcome creations
too. 'Computers that can detect and imitate human
Fortunately, the days of the unfeeling machine will emotion may sound like science fiction, but they are
soon be over. Thanks to breakthroughs in artificial already with us,' said Dr Dylan Evans, a key Humaine
intelligence, psychology, electronics and other research project collaborator.
5 WAmBDC ohIIImItdaettttetcedctimdshemaononinembodestreselspeonrcttossgohho.usytneslc.oftiwaubliuonnlresgicpteytteeio?froorafnipeccleithenilioleitonshvsteebihneaiegntnwptytehretnoheedbniinrelefdgsamemwwlfwaii-ltycyhi.otohnutrtol. 6 AWtDCBhehrtRcEdCCasoeoeuteooosvmhcbarpmmeoourooplepppnmtonasuuedwprdattmemhpeeentdraraoaetssnsroyntiaewwlonrtghedesdiidasrcllaiiallov.evnbpbbmeniotdheeteseluu?cuauytpahbnptlcenliaeoeouqokrpmsuilteoooelenepgrrla.syuyts.dh.otpejecurriolssaetglaatrsndhakdemiilnirlrmosbbeeodhtastoviniour
37
Getting on
Vocabulary
Wordlist on page 211 of the Coursebook.
Adjective and noun collocations
aMdajetcchtiveeaschinotfhtehgernoouupnms uinstthceolbloocxatteo wonitehothf ethneogurno.ups of adjectives 1-8. All the
1 brotherly first true unrequited
relationship 2 inner mixed negative strong
argument 3 courting elderly married young
4 close love-hate rocky stable
love 5 best close mutual school
6 adoptive extended immediate single-parent
feelings 7 heated furious fierce pointless
8 family social rising heightened
fam ily
friend
couple
tension
2 Complete each of the gaps with an appropriate adjective from exercise 1.
1 dI ehpaevnedas on what moodrIe'mlatiinonwshheipn wI giteht tmoywjoorbk;.how I feel about it usually
wItawyaosfath_i_n_k_i_n_g_.______argument: neither of us was ever likely to change the others
HHeerrmlaitoenset,nwovheol sishoawtaslenoofinte_re_s_t__in_her yloouvneg; Radomssiriesr.besotted with his boss
wSaanndt rhaesrptoarleenatds hhearvoew__n__li_fe_,__b_u_t_t_hefeye'dlinbegshaapbpoiuetrhifershgeoidnigd tsoolcivleosaebrrtooadh;omthee.y
We're not inviting any aunts or uncles and so on - just th e_____________family.
6 I met Paul on holiday and he's become quite a friend.
7 Tabhoeupthtohteoigr rfaoprhthcshoomwinsgawyeodudningg_.________ couple speaking to a priest, probably
8 Fofacfaerd-rweaitchhimngoupnoltiitnicga_l_r_e_f_o_r_m_s_._ tension, the government introduced a number
Language focus
^ Grammar reference on page 220 of the Coursebook.
Relative clauses
Conolryreocntethweofrodl.lowing sentences by changing the underlined word. You should write
1 We thought it was horrible, so we gave it to my mother, she loves that kind of thing.
2 TinheFrpalnaknfeurtot.ok off over two hours late, what meant I missed my connecting flight
3 He was criticized for giving a speech on a subject about that he knew very little.
4 There are two or three people in the photo which name I can't remember.
5 We're going back to the same hotel that we stayed last year.
6 I still don't understand the reason because they decided to close the sports centre.
7 My eldest son, that lives in Japan now, hardly ever comes back to visit us.
8 Kate and Steve were the only two people from work to came to our wedding.
38
Getting on ^
Alternatives to relative clauses
1 Infinitives with 'to' can be used:
T• hearfeteirs wnoorthdsinlgikteososumgegoenset, tnhoabtotdhye,carnimytehsinagreectco.nnected. (= nothing which suggests)
T• hetroeraerpelasceeverrealaltdivisehcelsautosecshcooonsteaifnroinmg. a(=msoevdearlavledribs.hes which you can choose from)
hHT•ahesaehfeantveseerrxbpterhucporneam)rsseeostnhlietkoeolttdaheleksftiwrpsietl,rl sgtoheent enexevtxreatr, httohoemruoennwloyarakmn.ad(r=astuthhpoeenrn.lae(tx=itvtpehese.rsooldneswthpoertsaolnksw) ho
2 Relative clauses can be reduced by using:
AW• nhyaoops’nretehswaetnaptnetpiransrgotinfcuisrpitlhteteirnginfnoerxmt atotioyno,usrhboruoltdhecro?nt(a=cpt ePrestoenr Wwihleoy.is(=siAttninyogn)e who wants)
cT•hhaeargtpwea.os(t=mpmearnetinacirwprlheeos.tewderine/hcaodnnbeecetnioanrrwesittehdt)he robbery have been released without
1 Which famous siblings are described in each of the following pairs of sentences?
1 a VTtoSrtheoehernpeeyuhrnsEyianiwriwentanhas2eos0cttf0hhit2anhe.maeolpononiefolyantoWsinicsiot2mel0lrbes0cl0eetdvtaohenrnedtcwo2hi0pan0lmna1eyp,rib'eosaunctshhip, 4 a pFdfMhiiilavmsainecansshpaneasphelefootdlhaipbntenioetndluegegdrafa,ontdtouohsrsiihesnoeegfmaehJruraistsnohieefcaitaatglihsgnchtracoebrouerhonpeatcrchdeaoertcmrtastwhpnaerceniersadeliglnesegidsothfeersr.
b b
2 a WAa fghtoeer-nkaaMrraticcpeho,aweRlearwlefadwsbafyosuaurs,luahwailsnlyfmatothhweeerfirgresatnvgteoihnpeimh. one TJePRhovahroheidebdsneeibkdrnwiiteloc,langeekstdr,tnatohoahpniwbehsdaynybcohdrkaoueofutfnewhepgsecaernthssi.oiotsatnmlsasmuoateasntlpkyheieecvaiiesyotronBctuslooenbtabghbreeaywst,ethhtltheeaocetdthdeCeideIrA.
b his. m other.
5 a
BpeOaSalauonlsismerniieenteolreeefdotsahtsfsho,aetennhDdefwugiiivnclriuetkmthehbSiobnerooslgua1ttphco9fkae3namr0egnssrodo.'ewunAa.soseNrfeipil'agmaihnstmta:aortheutehsMetfaooOcunhpnkeeedryait, b
3 a
b
2 Rewrite the underlined parts of the above sentences using relative pronouns.
Example: 1 a the only sisters who have ever played each other
39
) Getting on
( Use of English
( CAE Part 4 ) Gapped sentences
tFhorreequseesnttieonncses1.-5H,etrheiniskaonf eoxnaemwploerd(0o)n. ly which can be used appropriately in all
0 The other children would often laugh at her, call her names and make her cry.
Alan Kelcher was very laid-back, and let his pupils call him by his first name.
Give her a call and ask her to go out with you.
1 Hneoaurstehpertiocwesn centre.dramatically last year and they bought themselves a small flat
tIhaelwmaoyms tehnotuIgshetttehyaetsloovnehaetr.first sight only happened in films but I ______for Jill
H e out with his father after a blazing row and hasn't spoken to him since.
2 TcohuenPtrrieessi,dwenhtoh, ihgehlsiagihdt,ewd etrheenow ‘therecllaotsieosntsohfipalltiheas't. existed between the two
Runeiloatnisonwsilwl citahllmaasntraigkeemneenxtt hwaeveek.not improved and there's a chance the
hI enrevpeerrfluikmeed. kissing my grandmother, because I couldn't stand th e ______sm ell of
« i ..
3 He had a friendly, open face and she an instant liking to him.
Ihneramppoetahrearn. ce Emily after her father, but she inherited her intelligence from
Iptretty goosdo.me time to sort out our marriage problems, but now our relationship is
4 Ttohgeeyt'hveer.had a of disagreements recently, but normally they get on fine
Can you reverse the car a little more so we can it to the caravan?
Tcehleebwrahtoinlegrtehsetairusrialnvterhwadedbdeienngbaononkiveedrsbayrya. middle-aged m arried_____
5 His lateosft tnhoevelal sctencternetsuorny.the uneasy relationship between the two countries at the
The last person I expected to up at our wedding was my ex-boyfriend!
fIauthseura. lly to my mother for help or advice: she’s a better listener than my
40
Getting on
( CAE Part 1 ) Multiple-choice cloze
fFiotsr eqaucehstgioapn.s T1h-1er2e, irseaadn tehxeamtepxltebaetlotwheabnedgidnenciindge (w0h).ich answer (A, B, C or D) best
Dutch children enjoy their freedom
‘Let them be free’ is the (0 ) _______ rule for child-rearing in the Netherlands. No wonder
Dutch kids have been (1 )_________Europe’s most fortunate by a recent UNICEF survey.
From a tender age, their opinions are (2 ) __________, their wishes respected, and there is
no homework until their last year in preparatory school. Some would (3 )_________that the
tendency of Dutch society to encourage infants to experience whatever they please has
(4 ) a whole generation into spoilt, undisciplined brats. Others say family
members are remarkably ( 5 ) ________ with one another, feeling free to say anything, and
6that the way parents ( )
with their children’s anxieties means that the children
are well-adjusted, which is (7 ) _________ up by the results of the survey.
Dr Gerrit Breeusma, head of development psychology at the University of Groningen says
the survey’s results came as no (8 ) ___________ . ‘Children have always played a very
important role in Holland but there were (9 ) within families during the Sixties,
usually over matters of discipline and conformity. As a result, the generation growing up at
that time have made sure they (1 0 )___________ on better with their kids,’ he added.
However, in several Dutch police precincts, such liberalism is not viewed positively. In an
attempt to (1 1 )____________ underage heavy drinking, police have taken to bringing home
teenagers and threatening parents with obligatory attendance at courses on excessive
alcohol problems or hefty fines unless they keep their children under (1 2 )_________ .
0 A golden B iron C solid D fixed
1 A compared B put C rated D assessed
2 A regarded
3 A argue B valued c recognized D measured
4 A resulted B criticize c defend D judge
5 A alike B created
6 A empathize c brought D turned
7 A shown B open D careful
8 A doubt B understand c true
9 A beliefs B held c analyse D handle
10 A follow
11 A tackle B difference c made D backed
12 A control B conflicts
B carry c consequence D surprise
c decisions D contradictions
B supervise c get D continue
B limits c extinguish D dispose
c restriction D rule
41
C Writing
( CAE Part 2 ) Essay
1 Read the following Writing Part 2 task.
Yyoorouusothcoaiavwlercirtoeencanennectletysioshanyas,dwgaievcrielnagmssyodoreeubruaostepef,iunilinoiwnn hoaicnchhtihesevtiufndoglelnsoutwscicdnegissscs.utaYstseoemudrewtnehta.ecthheerrhkansoawslkeeddge
Its’ not what you know, hut who you know that counts.
Write your essay in 220-260 words.
2 What does the statement above mean? Do you have a similar saying in your language?
3 Rbeeasdt stuhme mfoallroiwzeisngthseamauptlheoar'nsspwoeirntanodf vdieewci.de which of the following sentences a-c
a WKkGfrnoneeonmoawewltrlkhleaenydldlogypgweees.lopeipsedlagmekeib.onergen,eupfsieetoffpurloleminremtlhyaemklioonnrgegs-ootnecmitahiletcihoransnnoechciaatvlioicnnogsntanhneedctripiogonhostrsethoracpnieaolthpceloeinrbneencetifoint s,
bc
This is an English saving which Vias an equivalent in many languages. Indeed, a major
reason for mankind's global existence today is that humans rely on one another for
survival. However (i), humans also have a brain capable of storing a great deal of
information. To what extent (2), then, is knowledge of less importance than social
connections?
‘Some would argue that knowing the 'right' person is the ke>f to success. An example of
this is when people are only accepted into social circles due to their relationship with
'VIPs': in other words (?) by knowing the right person, you can gain entry into golf clubs,
exclusive restaurants and so on. Furthermore (4), in certain cultures, it is common
practice for parents to request that acquaintances or relatives in positions of power find
work for a son or daughter.
I personally believe, however, that a person must have the right knowledge to do their
work successfully. You cannot rely on an employer's goodwill forever if you are not
performing well. In most cases (5), getting ahead at work requires intelligence and a
natural aptitude for thejob. Likewise (b), successful academic performance requires
in-depth knowledge of a subject. Admittedly (T), it sometimes happens that certain weak
students are assessed more favourably than they deserve because their parents have
'friends in the right places', but eventually they will have to prove their true ability in the
real world.
In conclusion, while (8) it may be true that knowing the right people can allow you to
obtain what you desire more quickly, it is knowledge that will allow you to hold on to it.
42
Getting on
4 Wesshaiychfoolflotwhe? three paragraph plans, A, B or C, on page 68 of the Coursebook does the
5 Match the underlined words and phrases 1-8 in the sample answer to explanations a-h.
This word/phrase ...
a means 'in the same or similar way',
b could be replaced with 'In general'.
c iisdeuasewdetaokesra.y that you agree that something is true, although it may make your main
d is used to add an additional idea, statement or example to the previous one.
e could be replaced with 'how much'.
f is used to introduce a contrasting point to the previous statement,
g can be replaced with 'Although'.
h is followed by an explanation of the previous statement.
6 Write an essay giving your opinion on one of the following statements.
1 Ythoaunngwipnenoipnlge. should be taught that participation and team work is more important
2 Young people today have much easier lives than young people did a generation ago.
3 Details of people's private lives have no place in a national newspaper.
4 Work cannot be truly satisfying unless it is well paid.
5 It is inadvisable to get married before your mid-twenties.
Before you w rite
.
• Each num bered statem ent in exercise 6 deals w ith a them e from Units 1-5 o f the Coursebook
W hen you have chosen w hich essay you are going to w rite , look back at the un it w ith the
same num ber and note do w n any vocabulary you could use in your answer.
• Choose one of the paragraph plans A, B or C on p68 of the Coursebook.
• M ake notes about the con te n t o f each paragraph before you w rite the essay.
• Decide w hich o f the phrases and expressions on pages 69 and 197 o f the Coursebook you
could use.
43
( Reading
( CAE Part 4 ) Multiple matching
1 pRthaearatadgshrpaeaprihassgp,rratohpbehaswbl1ryitaenrd's 2to. nIne tshheoswes
a sdcoegpstiicnatlhreegcalardssinrogotmhe. use of
b oimnpthreesscehdildwrietnh.Henry's effect
c umnackoinnvginacneyddtihffaetreHnecne.ry is
2 Ycad(1Ahro-ot1og-iucG5silae,n)ern.ceathTmhbgoheooooeuicrsnepletagattsfhrhtrsaoeoargomnerroefaomfatpenhdh.ccetseFap.oomnafrerahaqwyaguvsbrepiaesnaptgpihoesanrs
In which paragraph are the following mentioned? 1
a way that students can overcome their fear of making mistakes
the criteria regarding the selection of an appropriate dog 2
the claim that a dog has increased the students' attendance at school 3
a motivating reason for students to keep up with their school work 4
evidence to back up the theory that dogs can improve physical well-being 5
the celebrity status that a dog has recently acquired 6
people eventually being persuaded that a dog at school is beneficial 7
a misunderstanding concerning the treatment of a dog 8
a dog's popularity not attracting negative feelings 9
the inability to explain how a dog can have a relaxing effect 10
tthheeiwr prirtoebr’lsebmeslief that young people are unwilling to talk about
a decision which was taken to avoid provoking people 11
12
the accusation that schools have dogs just to attract media attention 13
haawdenlcootmaentpicoispiatitveedeffect on a group of people that Wendy Brown 14
ptheeopfulen’sdahmapepnitnaelsrseason why dogs can have a positive impact on 15
44
All in the mind?
Paws for thought
Buying Ma daong’sfboerstafrsicehnodolisisanl’stoaabaurskeifnugl cmlaasdsriodeoam, saasysisstManatr.y Braid.
wnAmeieatmhHr ebhSneihsrreyssffoioiuseflldfttuh.hleWeeyuhcenoasdtmeiasvpnperdurethgetehldonessssitayvacrehhaiosierfcv,hewDomrohoelon,nfhititsealsidoshfsHoocgehtghnoereodyrl claooncndatlrhoicsvhefuarrsvcyohueprsoi.tseTsihfboeloyed.ds’oo nwateedsetthtleedfuonnd s atpop rbouaychhiinmg
hssathttbiiumerrdso.leaTindmuh.tpeesYlipnaegtuothptDd,ieleranssopvpnspyaifteyieeaoltrdrhainlelrHgeCtishogaehenvnattm-lpeiueleirebnnvlKtiifcsianiacogmatn,dCoutinhhlnageatryBiloterhnaistel,alsiHpna2ade,n0anoni0rred0yel wPochfffEarroinuoomhsTmpmmaioHoiltelywdesse.savannuyttIewtorcnreychiHnhol’stlitenheasilnbfoebpisrewndeicyhnnehoaegpneeirlxsrtfrmncio.ytachoebWilofnni?lelucegdowAomrDruaueptlsrghdnnwpoeensantedsemo’rftetleirlkeunittaslneogtad,legngysnstdluehwianmdnfegeJodrgaeuobteidrwlnslnsiowietitgatehrdlhnu,wieewnAdnneaieilsvtllhhkHldeworeaHelyirhsannnrtceeusihrrfnnwnyitiirnhbceeyihdigeesrt.
is simply a pupil’s best friend. Their teachers make iBcblniaeervlsoemownolivnnnwe,gdtoeh!xnienp‘Hfrlfloalueuionennornidyrnc.gedhPutaohersnrianhtbgateeepveassetncanthfhafedarmotmsui.eas‘beNstbtsiioiennvtcggeapssua,stsurahetfcafcsoHhefaaesltvsnsh,ero’eyif,nhipnwsalaidahslnltoysa,’
wehfsotvauhcsedouniesmfnbiortpinssgrtogttahveorreerdiitarvuseprasdnuceaprsdtuiiilxeopmbnmersiehcogfanoauvtcrlhiahosHriuleyaervgneaorfmnyo, .driesTnteahhtn.eescyiuorpuselraeraysgdsetoohdnges,mwdaoohnrgode, says Brown, ‘but a very welcome benefit.’
atBFhlureCesihaord,uoayldwpbrnteihmeednaosrgccy.ohsnOoctohtalhcoetdoeroldgsfocbbhryeo3co6eoliscgmhhseituldscarchehcnroaasowzlesti?hthkeBeerMemonwuotltnobioehngraraeyslt
eeBuxlpsp‘eIl,tac’siilsnahssacsAerrdasn,zndyHoreatewbntoorWyudtraiiiHsfntewoanrflriwfyg.iahny‘tS,sao1l5iawn,rghweethhnceolaIslrisgokoesoomemtoveewtcriyamhotecenrhsee,’ awatroenetMdrepikeouvbsilnbeeorhetl,rdaoMrv.yuTiuothssukattrahotafekwlfyaa,mpsairneltormtheborabledeseecmyrh,yshoe,faoairvrlhssewtaavohbgeneoroen.s.uAthgeRsehpiodtpwseieehafdsreJorjomufhogsnrtobwslnetdaiionnerndnge,
they’re held. He helps me focus and get on with it.’ laasrtihehntaceeyxadriawltemocttooyyirrnhedalgaiesbmdsoiisn,nu’otfostnltaushmya.eesdniCuJswcolphethrrsi,oolndMsnnsrogtoeuountsnohnk.reocadytkienarrtgheeiaessvdoersmentcdoheputoMlhcaoeiyulndssgckwhaooinkhsrae.gpbn‘eaeTtrtthhtitenoeiiygonr
AhHitsheneesndtirsurreyedu’swynasisnossuogmarfy.et‘esItftohoHwfiyneweognhfrramyylhlaatihbsgvieiesachaHimclneaidagnlb,mhrMoytiunilbtsgiecsb.kiBenBhirfnuoilstugwehhnaneabcnwlkeednotawonolw’ththtishloleeruttohghuwahest UfHcbtsapGiesthnhoethdounoebtalreiustfemnirltiyi-cvPdrtyItreaaie’eycrssmovtcetjyrrhetioeftseencoaeiciusfeoahcntehfwcmrlynoher.eniepsei.cl.apIatuoftarhltSBgbduBniiniishcsinlopbieudsitneaslcesntttfglhpihaa’ttbltaahetadsyoDrebtetcvesuvalrenotisidiledoroetetvuo.issu’vurDtitgppwniBrerooaseetoaetsuhhfn.nrclbnotseydiasIodtmfoachtlHfriunli’aehsfeaecissaefzrothnhitetlneceouhuitirtsluCoalnneyWdystlcfcdh.rthhkiedeosrreireDeilniaenornosslnmylrsogduydmsgasWciagi,atnnsf‘aioihiiInnrgdgononfosicshnonmmttmsatkhrahdoaeniaeblehaestknylleielsetQ-pcnpoieahshmrssvoteduumeuoteep,erbeamwlheeuenptjatotaeeinlathnehtmaawcanhd’deeassrtl
look after him and everyone wants to walk Henry.’ as ever. He’s just become the first animal to be made
caUnlansihssrooonnoom-rarianyssrimsetcaeonmgt.bneitrioonf othf ehispusbelrivcicseesrvaisceas cuanniionne
AkcripBpwlaCnoeoinrrrdicfoneoudotlWoskshupunwveimeoscJennendenausngbrc.olnecld‘ysieWegdeayerbshfaoeteoaboBfeSaftvdnufrrenampeiyosrdddpetiawhtounsetresawnsgtudgoorn,srriempdhegiiatbslcfaseheewualssrAehelncyreiabenhnarpvasesoedonrefecelorrodfaohneteblfaritowocsllscldsloetkouh’nhsomloimncenogafdhstsgen.wcesi.stod’la‘Jeohnodaucutdfanrnhtnletiitiedtesonsenhaercg’.edhnlsboaslaiaIoe.nvcmcytvrdeoSh,etawrnaihoellIbwsdmeaaddosrgurihecatemurchoapBenttolap,ewrm’Jfthruosfuotoiiawtmuhrlnviywiscpngeyeest.
tfmDrrooomuTrebhlaeelidkretewlscychouitloedtrehceaeancvnhetnereredseifbdfuciecotduuflltewdiletass.hthWaaavthesattthapobtlhulseeec,ykdienaodntgedslaliwwgdeheonragett,
people-loving animal. Step forward then puppy Henry,
purchased from a local breeder. Julie looks after him
cshaatHhtanfiiemteniremnrrseirimacydnslhc’asaohslgoootsoirvcnlmoeheeblaerotutshmohdoplawgeuetcneohrupttspo.puwl‘-bteTctaoiihosnnauemgrftpyoodporosloamnaevteieaibengmtbireihtnoe.detifndWgottohrtoetehtob,a’tbwusthtoayhaehoyinaanskstsksedcBdchomrwaogoilteowgmhalhnenleotad.d‘cAhbleykaotlaohesvusodueett,
45
All in the mind?
Vocabulary
Wordlist on page 212 of the Coursebook.
A Sleep
Complete each of the gaps with one of the words from the box.
The neighbours had a party last night and we didn’t g e t___ sleep till about 3.
I stayed_______to watch the boxing last night - it started just after midnight.
oOnucre.daughter still doesn’t sleep the night - she always wakes up at least
She went to bed exhausted and immediately fell a deep sleep.
Tlohsee raenviyewsleoefphi_s_p__e_rf_oritm. ance was far from complimentary, but he wasn't going to
I'm going to sleep _______it tonight and I'll let you know my decision tomorrow.
Iofctohueldfnil'mt t.ell you what happened - 1nodded_______just before the end
8 A surprisingly high percentage of the population suffers
insom nia.
B Abilities
Match each sentence beginning 1-6 with an appropriate ending a-f.
Thahsisahnigehyley talented artist faocrcofiugnutrinegs,waonrdkhteo lheiasvwesifael,l Pthaem.
Ra egaoliozdinegahre did not have ftohre mpiaunsoic,anhde gtoaovke uupp tarcytiinngg tionslteeaardn.
hTahde yaonuonsgereporter clearly fRourslsaianng,uGagreeesk, aanndd hPaoslitsahu. ght himself
Hhaeveadamhietsadthat he doesn’t faorre dmeitsatailkaenndfomrapnhyotoofghriaspwhso.rks
Da advaebdhidanitdhimself; he is feoxrclausgivoeosdfostrotrhye apnodpuhlearwtraobtleoisde.veral
aatbDuIilYdearnidnwtooudlodnan'tydthreinagm. of getting
QQD3EHH1Baeniantgubrialilnfglauiarl he has
Study the expressions in bold in B for one minute. Then cover the sentence endings a-f and look
only at the beginnings 1-6. How rnany expressions can you remember? IW m
■HHRm HhMRHHHHRBHHHHHHhBHhM
C Adjectives in film reviews
Match each of the adjectives to an appropriate description.
mcloicvhiendg ovgerirp-hpyinpged exsctruuncniiantigng unincnoonvvainticvieng
1 Both the plot and the characters were difficult to believe.
2 It contains some very new and original animation techniques.
3 We’ve seen this type of thing so many times before.
4 It had me on the edge of my seat.
5 It didn't five up to the expectations created by all the publicity.
6 Take a big box of tissues to this one - you’ll need them.
7 Painful to watch; the most boring film of the year.
8 She gave an amazing performance - her most impressive yet.
46
All in the mind?
Language focus
Grammar reference on page 220 of the Coursebook.
1 Ithne1f-i5rsbt esleonwte,ndceec.ide which sentence, a or b, follows on more naturally from
1 CUanpitteadin, iJsoihnnthSeimnemwss, tahgeaicno.ntroversial chairman of league leaders Greendale
a tTnTpmhlehhaeaieeygt5cehi5h9nrb9s-t-oay’eyguewneaartaasriirgo-n-Boensolstrldtodnboemefyxcoiw-gu1rAmh0ticrb%pmeholrayuiCfyeroixetsthf-yrfBAseio’cyrrwenomfrma.aSygiawloettsfuiofcrbihdcwyaeCiyr1ni,h0tyt%ahoseiniafrntSshnaeetomyuuirf-ndafaciilnyeatdohl hacwiussipnbinemtheteanentictraihnoseannmgotaoiu-infnciscnuteatdl cbuyp
b
2 AMfutesreuPmariisn, tMhiasdmrida,gnwihfiecreenittcwoillllecretimonaionfupnatiinltiJnagnsuamryo.ves to the Reina Sofia
a AhgaTonirahangdvenuaettnemhxsiUezpbhLaeoiFPtbrnir,ioeotswninofoschrln,eheiciahdnihdnactisdlshnuuegebdrveaifeonienxtngenchaseitnbsw1gcpi%toiioiaaonlmnonsotf,aorUijgrtoLsearPdnpS,irzbpwoayafhtiniatiosicsnnhthsuo,dmbteiahnvbnecoekltaruserdostasifnn1.l%dgeattodwhfienoigtFmsrfepiannrjooacnfrhicStisinpatslaounrtiahsnhecbaeartnsk, s
b
3 Annette Sawyer is the brainiest student in town!
a yTfTaolehhlraeeera-lpsneoievyxlodetpepnfeulreonpo-fmimylheafeBarrrorkr-GmaionylCdgtTSofihnEpreotHeormxniGga,BmChprSasaS,EsyctatheooorxnreoacplHmortieroigdnspheafnmtSoitorc,anhrakonposyalippnheuarapsslillhbefaelreveovnemeanaTwwoipafatrrhoddeneer,ddepxtathoasempt ossmir,xapatrerkreeessnce-ionnrtd.
b
4 Ta hceurdiroiuvserinocfiadednetliwvehiiychvaonccisurrreecdovinertihneg cinenhtorespoiftaWl forrotmhinhgeaydesitnerjudraiye.s sustained in
a APcPraalauuosllrhrRRyeoodpbbaieenrrrktttssoedooaffolKKuotriisrnniyggdsspettaootrhnnkeeLLmdaannoaeeiun,,tsSSpihhdoooesrrtteehohhefaafimmmce,,awiiannsapHhsoeoasrnwtpoahesfirfsioScwnteraheiyneisthHwwoamaaryspeehcwrrohaSmesterhne.eehdte, into by
b
5 dEuvreirnygthtihnegirisstdaoynaetttoheenWsuilrteonmHaxoitmelu. m comfort and relaxation for our guests
a tRTdoihosdeotuimcsrltbseuaarannbrceeyer.osnuod.tocnleoatnceodmuenitnilto1lcalmeaneaycohudraryooinmourdnetirlto1laavmoiedapcohsdsiabyl,eso as not
b
Everything is done to ensure maximum co m fort and relaxation fo r our guests
during th e ir stay at the W ilton Hotel.
47
All in the mind?
2 TChoemrepliesteantheexsaemcpolnedastetnhteenbceegisnontihnagt(i0t)h. as a similar meaning to the first sentence.
0 Everyone knows she is a close friend of the Prime Minister.
She \&known to be a doee friend of the Prime Minister
.
1 It is understood that the company is planning a takeover bid for its rival.
The company_____________________________________________________.
2 Police say the offences took place on Monday.
The offences_____________________________________________________.
3 It is believed that the injured motorcyclist was travelling at over 100 mph.
The injured_____________________________________________________.
4 Experts thought that infected chickens were responsible for the outbreak of flu.
Infected chickens_____________________________________________________.
5 They alleged she had lied in order to protect her boyfriend.
S h e _____________________________________________________.
6 Someone stole my camera last weekend.
I h ad _____________________________________________________.
7 Your eyes need testing.
You need_____________________________________________________.
8 My foot became stuck in the hole.
I ___________
( Use of English
( CAE Part 2 ) Open cloze
gFaopr.qUuseestoionnlys o1n-1e5w, oreraddintheeatcehxtgabpe.loTwhearnedisthainnkexoafmthpelewaotrtdhewbheicghinbneinstgf(it0s).each
Snoring
Sleep deprivation can make us very angry, which is (0) why snoring - the human equivalent of a car alarm
(1 ) set off at night - can be so irritating. Most people snore occasionally, but in middle age about 40 per
cent of men and 20 per cent of women (2 ) ______ so regularly. Snoring can ruin relationships and be intensely
embarrassing. Snorers (3 ) go into hospital, for example, may worry that they’ll keep the whole ward
awake. But snoring doesn’t (4 ) (5 )afflict the unafflicted; snorers may also disturb
and feel
sleepy during the day.
Snoring can sometimes be a symptom of a more serious condition. Up (6 ) six per cent of men and two
per cent of women suffer from sleep apnoea, a syndrome in which breathing (7 ) significantly disrupted
during sleep. Some people may start off (8 ) uncomplicated snorers, but develop sleep apnoea as they
(9)get older. The word apnoea is derived _______ the Greek and means ‘no breathing’. People (1 0 )_____
sleep apnoea have airways that become obstructed during sleep. Typically, they snore loudly, stop breathing,
struggle (1 1 ) air, partly wake up (although often unaware of it), gulp a bit, and then recommence
snoring. The cycle may (1 2 ) repeated over 100 times an hour.
(13) surprisingly, people with sleep apnoea feel unrefreshed in the morning. They may have problems
concentrating during the day, feel depressed and fall asleep (1 4 ) socially unacceptable times. At worst,
5 )they can fall asleep (1 ______ driving or operating dangerous machinery.
48
All in the mind?
( CAE Part 3 ) Word formation
Fbtoeogfroiqnrunmeinsagtiwo(n0os)r.d1t-h1a0tufsites tihnethweogrdapgiivnenthien scaampiteallsinaet. tThheeernedisoafnsoemxaemopfltehaetlitnhees
Genetic genius
According to a recent study the best (0) m u&icians are born, not made. MUSIC
RESEARCH
( 1 ) at St Thomas’s Hospital in London claim that genes are
GREAT
responsible for up to 80 per cent of our ability to recognize pitch, the key
VARY
to musical ( 2 ) _______ . The discovery by the hospital’s Twin Research CONTAIN
RESPOND
Unit, the largest of its kind in the world, accounts for the prevalence of musical NOTICE
families from the Bachs to the Corrs and the Strausses to the Jacksons. In a RECOGNIZE
(4)‘distorted tunes test’ over 500 twins were played a (3 )___________of popular RELY
KNOW
songs, each __________ a number of errors. A comparison of the
PREFER
(5 ) of identical twins with those of non-identical twins revealed
that the former were ( 6 )_______ better at spotting the mistakes. The
(7)results of the study suggest that for some children, music lessons may only go
so far in improving musical abilities such as pitch . However,
parents hoping to save money on lessons cannot use the test as an early
indicator of musical potential: it is (8 ) ___________ for children under 12, who
do not have sufficient (9)_____ of the tunes played. For its next project,
the Twin Research Unit will test whether identical twins can tell us if genes have
a role to play in a (1 0 )___________ for classical, jazz or pop music.
f Writing
( CAE Part 2 ) Article
1 WRehaidchthoef ftohlelovweirnsigoWnsriistinmgoPrearltik2eltyastko abnedputhbelistwheodv?eGrsiivoenrseoafsothnes sfoamr yeoaurrtiacnleswbeerlo. w.
You see the announcement below in Live and Learn, an international magazine.
The Ig days ofyo
We invite you, our readers, to subm it an article on the secondary school
you used to attend or are attending now.
W e'd like you to:
© tell us ab ou t the positive and negative aspects o f your secondary school
© give your overall opinion o f the education you received or are receiving
© say h o w typical the school was or is o f oth er schools in your country.
We will publish the most interesting article from each country.
Write your article in 220-260 words.
49
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