BOOK OF ABSTRACTS IBD2023

98 Facilitative Ecological Processes in Regenerating Mangrove Forests: A Comprehensive Approach to Ecological Mangrove Restoration Aor Pranchai1,2 , and Michael Jenke1,2 1Special Research Unit for Mangrove Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand 2Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Mangrove ecosystems face challenges from sea level rise, deforestation, and environmental degradation. However, the complex facilitative interactions driving mangrove regeneration are often not well-understood, limiting efforts to develop cost-effective and ecologically sensitive restoration strategies. Through aerial surveys in Thai salt flats and field studies in northern Brazil, we explored how herbaceous plants, macrofauna, and woody debris foster the natural regeneration of mangroves. In a degraded dwarf forest in northern Brazil, the association between mangrove trees, salt marsh vegetation, and immobilized coarse woody debris was found to foster recolonization, suggesting a crucial ecological process in mangrove recovery. Herbaceous vegetation and coarse woody debris retain tidally dispersed propagules, facilitating mangrove recolonization, while regeneration relies on local propagule supply due to limited tidal dispersal. Further investigation into density-dependent interactions among mangroves revealed the importance of facilitation within clusters of mangrove seedlings. In a dwarf mangrove forest, a shift from facilitation to competition was observed under varying stand densities, highlighting the positive neighborhood influence among plants at low density and the more competitive interactions at higher densities. Utilizing high-resolution aerial surveys in Thai salt flats, we identified a web of synergistic interactions among herbaceous plants, macrofauna, and mangrove trees accelerating the mangrove expansion into upper intertidal areas. The spatio-temporal patterns of mangrove regeneration revealed that sedges and macrofauna facilitated mangrove growth into higher-elevated areas of low tree density, with sedges trapping seeds and increasing seedling survival, and macrofauna's bioturbation creating undulating microtopography favorable for large-sized propagules. Collectively, our findings illustrate the complex biotic interactions that govern mangrove regeneration, offering practical guidance for restoration efforts. It emphasizes the benefits of assisting natural regeneration over artificial planting, reducing costs while enhancing biodiversity, complexity, and resilience. Here, we advocate for an integrative approach that considers not only mangrove trees but also hydrological, edaphic, faunal, and other floral components as parts of the dynamic mangrove ecosystem. Our findings provide a roadmap for restoration strategies that not only restore mangrove ecosystems but also ensure their long-term sustainability and resilience. KEYWORDS: Facilitation; Ecological Restoration; Benthos; Nurse Plant; UAV

99 Diversity and Abundance of Benthic Gastropods on Rocky Intertidal Shore of Bislig Bay in Bislig City, Surigao Del Sur, Philippines Nicky Marie Q. Limpangog1,* , Ace E. Carmen1 , Annielyn D. Tampus1 , Maria Luisa S. Orbita1 , and Maria Lourdes Dorothy G. Lacuna1 1Department of Marine Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Andres Bonifacio Ave, Iligan City, 9200 Philippines *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Bislig bay is well-known for its rich fishing grounds with marine life such as gastropods. They are regarded as excellent ecological indicators, providing a window into the overall status of the ecosystem. Thus, this study was done to provide adequate information on the diversity and abundance of the benthic gastropods. On February 10-13, 2023, the field samplings were done in three (3) different locations namely Barangay Tabon, Barangay Labisma, and Barangay Bucto in Bislig City, Surigao del Sur, Philippines by using the transect-quadrat method during low tides. Twenty-two (22) gastropod species were identified, all belonging to Class Gastropoda. A total of twenty-two (22) gastropod species were identified in Bislig Bay, of which twenty (20) were edible and twenty-one (21) were epifauna in distribution. Diversity profile revealed station 3 to be highly diverse (H’=2.413) when compared to the other two stations. It is suggested that the high diversity in station 3 may be attributed to the place being less accessible since it is an island and the need of a boat to reach the location so the presence of gleaners are limited. Majority of the edible gastropods were the chief contributor for the high abundance of the population in each sampling site. These edible species, Monodonta labio, Lunella cinerea, and Strombus mutabilis were the most dominant and abundant gastropods in all sampling stations. KEYWORDS: Gastropoda; edible; non-edible; epifauna; Bislig Bay.

100 Know your enemy in hundred battles: Fall armyworm population genetics Chitsanuphong Phanthian1,2 , Nontivich Tandavanitj2 , and Chatchawan Chaisuekul2,* 1Zoology program, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand 2Center of Excellence in Entomology: Bee Biology, Biodiversity of Insects and Mites, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Fall armyworms (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, has been classified into corn and rice strain based on Sanger sequencing. Barcode-Tagged (BT) sequencing was developed for higher fidelity and lower cost than Sanger sequencing. This study aimed to examine the genetics of FAW specimens using the BT sequencing. Caterpillar specimens of FAW were collected from 20 locations around Thailand, with about 100 individuals per location, and molecular analysis was conducted up to five randomly selected specimens per location. Two genes were amplified, including COI (a mitochondrial gene) and Tpi (a nuclear gene). The PCR products were then sequenced using BT sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using maximum likelihood and neighbor-joining methods. The results showed that the BT sequencing was found to be useful for handling the problem of multiple DNA bands due to unspecific primers. Phylogenies from COI showed that specimens from several locations could be completely separated into corn-strain and rice-strain when compared with reference sequences. However, both strains were found in Tak, Chiang Mai, Nan, and Khon Kaen, which are major corn growing areas in Thailand. Meanwhile, the Tpi sequences could not be compared with reference sequences due to technical problems. Thus, phylogenies were constructed using only the sequences from this study, which revealed that specimens from different locations were mixed in different clades. In conclusion, these results suggest that BT sequencing can be used for molecular analyses and that there are mixed strain populations of FAW in Thailand. This study provides a preliminary understanding of the genetics of FAW in Thailand and highlights the potential of BT sequencing as a cost-effective and reliable method for future research. Further studies could explore the implications of the mixed strain populations of FAW for pest management strategies. KEYWORDS: Pest management; Barcode-Tagged sequencing; molecular analysis; interstrain hybid; crop plantation; agriculture.

101 Use of aquatic insects as bioindicators of water quality in conjunction with chemical parameters to monitor water quality of Pranburi River, Prachuap Khiri Khan Jedsada Kongkasurichay1,* , Nudchanard Rukklin1 , Panisa Rodpai1 , Nidanuch Sungpia1 , and Komson Hongpadharakiree1 1Sirinart Rajini Mangrove Ecosystem Learning Center, Paknampran, Amphur Pranburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, 77220 *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Aquatic insects have been used as bioindicators of water quality in conjunction with chemical parameters to monitor water quality in Pranburi River, Prachuap Khiri Khan, where samples were collected in May 2023 from 2 sites, namely Tha Sadet Infantry Center, Thanarat Camp representing the Reference site and Chaloem Phrakiat Rama IX Pier representing the Polluted site. Aquatic insect samples were collected using spoon nets and species were classified. Water samples were also collected for quality assessment via chemical analysis and calculation of diversity index, Biomonitoring Working Party Score (BMWP Score), and Average Score Per Taxon (ASPT). A total number 715 aquatic insects were found to be of 33 families from 8 orders, namely Trichoptera, Ephemeroptera, Hemiptera, Odonata, Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Plecoptera, and Diptera. The order Trichoptera has the highest number of families. The Shannon-Wiener Index, H is between 1.03-2.20, which is considered moderate. The Average Score Per Taxon (ASPT) is between 7.00-7.24, indicating that the water sources are of medium to quite good quality which is inconsistent with certain chemical analysis factors. Therefore, further studies on water quality must be conducted using other physical and chemical methods along with biological measurements. These parameters are essential to continuously monitor the water quality of Pranburi River to serve as a database for the people and for the authority to manage water resources, while knowledge on the use of aquatic insects as biological indicators for monitoring water quality should be transferred to the community. KEYWORDS: Aquatic insect diversity; water quality; mangrove forest; Pak Nam Pran; Sirinart Rajini Mangrove Ecosystem Learning Center

102 Pollination networks of bee pollinators along elevation gradients in Doi Inthanon National Park Teeradate Srimaneeyanon1 , Alyssa B. Stewart2 , and Natapot Warrit1,* 1Center of the Excellence in Entomology: Bee Biology, Biodiversity of Insects and Mites, Department of Biology,Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Wang Mai, Pathum Wan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand 2Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Thung, Phaya Thai, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Bees are known to pollinate diverse flowering plants in terrestrial habitats, including mountainous area. However, the study on pollination network between flowering plants and bees from highland terrain in Thailand is still largely unknown. This study aims to analyse pollination network between flowering plants and bee pollinators along elevation gradients at Doi Inthanon National Park (DINP). Flowering plants and bees were observed and collected in a plot size of 2 x 2 m2 (n = 273 plots) during the morning (08:00–12:00 h) and afternoon periods (13:00–17:00 h) along 5 vegetation-type elevations (8 collecting stations). Fieldworks were carried out for 3 seasons including cool-dry, hot-dry, and hot-wet in 2022. Results found 3,151 bees from 85 taxa that pollinated 109 plant taxa at DINP. The pollination networks reveal different bee compositions on each elevation, which correlated with its environmental parameters. The eusocial bees, especially the Asian cavity-nesting honey bee, Apis cerana, and stingless bee of genus Tetragonula are the most abundant pollinators found at DINP, since eusocial bees are abundant in their worker numbers per colony and possibly more adaptable to the changing environments. Many native specific bees restricted to different elevations were also reported from this study, including Bombus (Melanobombus) eximius, Euaspis polynesia, Megachile (Callomegachile) faceta, and M. (C.) umbripennis. This study is the first to reveal different bee pollinator compositions along elevation gradients in one of the highest mountain terrain in Thailand. KEYWORDS: Conservation; pollination ecology; vegetation type.

103 Colonizers on marine garbage—the observation in Prasae Sub-district, Rayong Province Jenjit Khudamrongsawat1,* , and Kanokporn Panpong1 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Rajathewi District, Bangkok, Thailand *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Marine garbage washed ashore provided evidence of marine organisms utilizing garbage as their habitats. Although problems of such an association have not been obvious in Thailand, the arrival of alien species because of marine garbage has been documented in other countries. In this study, a preliminary observation of marine organisms on garbage was conducted in Prasae Sub-district, Rayong Province. Three quadrats covering the area of 600 m2 were sampled on the beach. Nine hundred and nine pieces of garbage were sampled. Most were plastic (79.65%), polystyrene foam (2.42%), and rubber (2.20%) while others included aluminium cans, glass, robes, and organic debris. Among plastic, rubber and polystyrene foam garbage pieces, 11.62% was colonized with marine organisms, which were goose barnacles Lepas anserifera, rock barnacles Amphibalanus amphitrite, the bryozoan Arbopercula, serpulid polychaete tubes, one unidentified cnidarian species, and two unidentified bivalves. This finding suggested the potential dispersal of marine organisms using garbage as their facilitators. Management of garbage in coastal beaches may have to consider methods of garbage disposal to control unexpected problems from these organisms. KEYWORDS: Beach; colonizers; invertebrates; marine garbage.

104 Species diversity, abundance, and habitat use of birds in Sirinart Rajini Mangrove Ecosystem Learning Center, Prachuap Khiri Khan Nudchanard Rukklin 1,* , Jedsada Kongkasurichay1 , Panisa Rodpai1 , Nidanuch Sungpia1 , and Komson Hongpadharakiree1 1Sirinart Rajini Mangrove Ecosystem Learning Center, Paknampran, Amphur Pranburi, Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, 77220 *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Study of species diversity, abundance, and habitat use of birds in Sirinart Rajini Mangrove Ecosystem Learning Centre, Prachuap Khiri Khan was conducted through surveys and data collection on the species of birds within the site. This study aimed to create a database of the biodiversity of the site to assist area management. Site surveys and data collection were conducted along the line transects covering a distance of 3.5 kilometers between April 2020 - March 2021, for a total of 12 times. Amounts and types of birds found were classified and grouped according to their use and characteristics, and the data were analyzed to determine the diversity of bird species and the abundance of birds in the area. The diversity of birds was found to be of 15 orders, 40 families, 75 genera, and 100 species, divided into 70 endemic birds and 30 migratory species. Most bird species were found to be of 22 families, 28 genera, and 40 species. Shannon-Wiener Index (H´) value is between 2.80-3.12, which was highest (H'= 3.12) in November 2020 during the migratory season of birds. These birds were also grouped according to the style of feeding guild in a total of 10 groups, with piscivores (p) the largest number of species, representing 29.0 percent and insectivores/nectarivore (in) the smallest group, representing 2.0 percent of the total number of bird species surveyed. KEYWORDS: Bird diversity; abundance; mangrove forest; Pak Nam Pran; Sirinart Rajini Mangrove Ecosystem Learning Center

105 Genetic diversity and population genetic structure of common butterfly lizard Leiolepis belliana (Hardwicke & Gray, 1827) on islands in eastern Gulf of Thailand Nutthanun Khantasup1 , Thongchai Ngamprasertwong1 , and Nontivich Tandavanitj1,* 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Butterfly lizardsof the genus Leiolepis Cuvier, 1829 are ground-dwelling lizards in the family Agamidae. In Thailand, overhunting and anthropogenic habitat alteration have resulted in widespread population declines. Despite numerous conservation efforts, knowledge regarding population genetic structure and genetic diversity in butterfly lizards, particularly the common butterfly lizard, Leiolepis belliana (Hardwicke & Gray, 1827), remains limited. This study utilized the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene to investigate the population genetic structure of the common butterfly lizard on islands in the eastern Gulf of Thailand, where native and reintroduced populations occur sympatrically. Tail tissue samples were collected from nine island and mainland localities. Analyses of mitochondrial cytochrome b sequences (n = 59; 1,100 bps) revealed 11 haplotypes, with haplotype diversity (h) and nucleotide diversity (π) within each locality ranging from 0–0.859 and 0–0.009, respectively. These values were comparable to those of other butterfly lizard species, but relatively high compared to other critically endangered lizard species. Significant genetic differentiation and distinct genetic structure were observed among L. belliana populations on most of the islands. The phylogenetic tree indicated close genetic relationships between L. belliana specimens from the eastern Gulf of Thailand and those from southern Thailand, suggesting that the population genetic structure of L. belliana was shaped by both historical geographic events and human activities. These findings highlight the importance of genetic assessment for effective conservation of butterfly lizards and provide valuable insights for devising concise mitigation plans and formulation of clearly defined conservation units. KEYWORDS: Butterfly lizards; eastern Gulf of Thailand; genetic diversity; Leiolepis belliana; population genetic structure.

106 Study of Bamboo mushroom in Huaytak -Teak Biosphere Reserve and the application of forest leaf litter mixed with bamboo sawdust for mushroom cultivation. Chanjira Ayawong1,* , Phanin Sintawarak 2 , Baramee Sakolrak 2 , Piyangkun Lueangjaroenkit 3,4 , and Surachet Inpai5 1Research Center for Forest Reservation 1 (Lampang), Ngao district, Lampang 52110, Thailand 2 Forest and Plant Conservation Research Office, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Bangkok 10900, Thailand 3Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand 4Biodiversity Center, Kasetsart University (BDCKU), Bangkok 10900, Thailand 5Ban Huad Subdistrict Administrative Organization, Ngao district, Lampang 52110, Thailand *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: The study of bamboo mushroom (Phallus spp.) was carried out in Huaytak -Teak Biosphere Reserve, Ngao district, Lampang province during the fiscal year 2022-2023. This research was divided to two methods: survey of bamboo mushroom in natural areas and the use of leaf litter mixed with bamboo sawdust for mushroom cultivation. The objectives of this study are 1) to collect the biodiversity data of bamboo mushroom in Northern Thailand, the mushroom species information will supporting the Man and Biosphere Reserve Programme (MAB), and 2) to reduce open-burning activities and forest fire from fallen leaf that causing pollution and PM2.5 during dry season. The mushroom survey and collect resulted as forty-nine samples; these were identified by morphological feature studies. Twenty-three samples of short veiled: P. duplicata, and twenty-five samples of long veiled mushroom: P. indusiatus and one sample of P. multicolor were recorded. Almost of them are edible except P. multicolor. These could be cultivated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and water agar(WA) media. Young mushroom (eggs) and mature stage were collected from the areas. Tissue isolation was investigated by cutting egg mushroom and placed onto PDA. The mature mushroom samples were dried at 50-60 ⁰C in oven for 24 hours for further molecular identified. Morphological detailed of spores and cap features were studied. The falling leaf litter was collected from dry dipterocarp and mixed deciduous forest in January to March each year, leaves were swept and pressed for storage. The sawdust was collected from bamboo production process in Ngao district, mixed with other organic materials used as substrates for Phallus culture (Thai variety) to produce mycelia in mushroom spawn. The result revealed that mushroom mycelia growth rapidly than use of rubber sawdust. For mushroom cultivation, decayed leaf litter mixed with bamboo sawdust had used for cultivated in plastic plot. Young mushroom was produced after inoculation for 45 days and harvested as egg stage to obtain fruiting weight and avoided rotting from insects. KEYWORDS: Bamboo mushroom; bamboo product; Phallus; mushroom cultivation; leaf litter

107 ETHNOMEDICINAL Uses and Bioactive Properties of Some Foliose and Fruiticose Lichens in Selected Mountains in Mindanao, Philippines Mariza M. Baiño 1,* , Andrea G. Azuelo2 , Ehlrich Ray J. Magday2 , Arman P. Nuezca2 , Edgar M. Anud2 , Maricel M. Gonzales3 , Roselynn Grace G. Montecillo2 , Lalaine G. Sariana2 ,Hermie M. Abaquita4 , and Vergil B. Tagalogan2 1Master Teacher I, Bukidnon National School of Home Industries, Maramag, Bukidnon, 2 Faculty of Science Education Department, College of Education, Central Mindanao University (CMU), 3Master Teacher I, San Miguel National High School, Maramag, Bukidnon, 4 Teacher I, Halapitan National High School, San Fernando, Bukidnon. *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Two growth forms of lichens such as Foliose and Fruticose was identified on their ethnomedicinal uses and bioactive compounds based on existing literature reviews.Transect and quadrat methods in the field was employed in three montane forest in Mindanao, Philippines namely; Mt. Malambo, Mt. Kitanglad and Mt. Lumot. Data results on its significance in the field of ethnobotany was based from the current research investigations. Research field investigations showed a total of 294 species across the three montane forests. Of these, 86 species belonging to 27 genera and 16 families in Mt. Lumot. One hundred eleven (111) species belonging to 31 genera and 14 families in Mt. Kitanglad; and 97 species, 30 genera and 13 families in Mt. Malambo. The three mountain sites were compared as to the lichen diversity with ethnomedicinal uses and its bioactive properties.The present study revealed six (6)Fruiticose lichens and seven (7) Foliose lichens distributed in three mountains. These lichens species exhibit significant medicinal values such as antifungal, antioxidant, antiviral, antiseptic and cytotoxic effects. KEYWORDS: Bioactive compounds; Ethnobotany; Foliose; Fruiticose; Lichens; and Mindanao.

108 Halting the 6th extinction by local participation: Sompong’s rasbora Trigonostigma sompongsi case example. Chavalit Vidthayanon1 1SeubNakhasathien Foundation 140 Tiwanon Rd, Tambon Bang Kraso, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Sompong’s rasbora Trigonostigma sompongsi (Critically Endangered) is one of the world's 100 most threatened species reported. The last stronghold population was discovered in 2013 by Thai naturalist group, then lead to effort to halting this fish and its ecosystem from extinction through local participatory survey and planning for protect the habitats, including education activities and citizen sciences practices. The fish inhabits in seasonally floodplain which is only few remain in Thailand, so call Thung Yai Tharu- Pak Pli, Nakonnayok province, covering less than 100,000 Rai, in the Bangpakong Basin. Nearly all of this floodplain used as paddyfield for one-year rice farming and fish ponds, mixed with small water bodies and marshlands. The habitat is home of diverse fish species, at least 90 fishes occurred with the rasbora and over 20 species of shellfishes, amphibian etc. Apart from rice, this ecosystem is highly services and value for over 1000 households on food security, especially fishes, shellfishes and waterplants. Conservation project was granted by the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF/IUCN) for one and half year following by challenge to sustain the implementation of local organization in the long future. KEYWORDS: 6 th Extinction; Sompong’s rasbora Trigonostigma sompongsi ; threatened ecosystem

109 Toward FAIR database management and fast methods for biodiversity monitoring in Southeast Asia Julien CLAUDE1,2 1Chulalongkorn University, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, THAILAND 2 Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution de Montpellier, UM/CNRS/IRD, Montpellier, FRANCE Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Regular and rapid monitoring of biodiversity is a necessity for conservation policy. Southeast Asia is a megabiodiverse region of the world and has undergone some of the most rapid environmental changes in the last fifty years, linked to economic and demographic changes. Land conversion and the destruction of natural habitats have profoundly altered the region's wildlife, and scientific reports show that the conservation status of most species is deteriorating to alarming levels for the majority of species monitored. Environmental planing made by governments is expected to generate further fast environmental changes over the next 30 years, and could have both positive and negative impacts on biodiversity (greening cities, reforestation / increased demand for electricity and energy production / climate change). In real-time indicators of the state of biodiversity and its trends are needed to develop and evaluate sustainable conservation policies for transforming the world and achieving the 14th and 15th goals of the United Nations at different spatial scales. Few indicators are available in the region because the indigenous academic world employs and trains relatively few people in conservation biology and scientific communities are not using the same protocoles. The available data tend to be biased in terms of taxa: they concern emblematic vertebrates that are already subject to conservation policies (hornbills, big cats, large mammals); they are highly spatially biased (often focused on protected areas); and they may have taxonomic biases (when successive/independent groups of experts have produced data that can not be independly validated). The Living Planet Index, developed by WWF and the Zoological Society of London, is seducing and has shown that it can be useful and is already showing international and regional trends. Unfortunately, it suffers the aforementioned biases and it is difficult to apply to Southeast Asia. As I will show, it is not yet operational at the national level for ASEAN. Indeed, ASEAN is one of the least monitored regions, with fewer than 100 terrestrial vertebrate species and fewer than 30 freshwater vertebrate species reported. Governments have sponsored inventories, but these potential available data for completing this open database often suffer from problems of exclusivity and confidentiality. To be more efficient, ongoing programmes should consider satisfying the community in line with the FAIR approach for data management (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, Reusability). Improving biodiversity monitoring will be easier in the future for Southeast Asia. Obtaining relatively rapid indicators is not impossible with the development of several recent scientific and technological tools: new imaging techniques and aerial or satellite surveys, cyber and participative -taxonomy, environmental DNA analyses. The development of international participative taxonomy networks using IA to identify taxa is one of the most promising. Its costs are reduced and several initiatives meet the FAIR principles. Among others, eBird, iNaturalist and Pl@ntnet networks and applications are becoming popular and can feed georeferenced transnational databases such as GBIF. They can be used in university and school programmes and offer a chance to quickly transform existing databases. They allow large databases to be built in a limited time (e.g. Bioblitz) and are open to all citizens. Scientists can feed databases using these applications and they can improve identification by being active identifiers. A small review of their progress, use and limitation in Southeast Asia is given and a discussion regarding FAIR approaches is provided. KEYWORDS: Database management, FAIR, conservation, Global change, Artificial intelligence, citizen science

110 Fungal Endophyte from Rare and Endangered Lady’s Slipper Orchid, Paphippedilum spp. (Orchidaceae) and Conservation approach based on Mycorrhizal Fungi Association Piyangkun Lueangjaroenkit1,2,* , Ramon uttamavetin1 , Patchareeya Boonkorkaew3 , Narong Koonkhunthod4 , Baramee Sakolrak4 , and Winanda Himaman4 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand 2Biodiversity Center, Kasetsart University (BDCKU) Bangkok 10900, Thailand 3Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900 Thailand 4 Forest Entomology and Microbiology Research Group, Forest and Plant Conservation Research Office, 61 Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Phahonyothin Road, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Lady’s slipper orchid is one of rare and endangered plant due to their physiology and habitat that are difficult for them to survive in nature. It is therefore necessary to rely on mycorrhizal fungi to promote the growth and improve survival rate of the orchids. This study aimed to isolate, identify endophyte and mycorrhizal fungi from the roots of Paphippedilum spp. and prove the alternative method to conserve the lady’s slipper orchid. Isolation and identification of fungi from 2 lady’s slipper orchid as Paphiopedilum charlesworthii and Paphiopedilum villosum. The total of 23 isolates were found, which 9 isolates from P. charlesworthii, mostly in the genus Xylaria. 14 isolates from P. villosum mostly in the genus Tulasnella. Symbiotic seed germination (co-culture with mycorrhiza fungi Epulorhiza sp. DT4_1) indicated that no seed germination was observed in 2 months. However the co-culture with mycorrhiza fungi Epulorhiza sp. DT4_1 with seedling indicate that seedlings co-cultured with DT4_1 had 67% new root germination percentage, which was higher than the control with only 33% new root germination percentage.Moreover, seedlings co-cultured with DT4_1 had over average new root length of seedlings from control. Thus, this study demonstrated opportunity to use fungi for the alternative method to conserve the Lady’s slipper orchid. KEYWORDS: Paphiopedilum spp.; Mycorrhizal fungi; Seed germination; Seedling growth

111 Synthetic seed production of Hedychium longicornutum Griff. ex Baker RodjanacornChuengpanya1 , Patcharawan Sornyotha1 ,Atchara Muangkroot1 , and NgarmnijChuenboonngarm1,* 1Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Hedychium longicornutum Griff. ex Baker is a rare terrestrial or epiphytic Zingiberaceous species in Thailand. It has been using for curing illness in Thai traditional medicine. Moreover, this species has a high potential to be promoted as a new economic ornamental plant due to its exotic inflorescences . H. longicornutum also has an important role in the ecosystem by acting as a roost-site for spottedwinged fruit bat (Balionycteris maculata). H. longicornutum in natural habitat, which restricts only in Yala and Hala-Bala in Narathiwat provinces, is decreasing because of human disturbance activities. Therefore, a conservation strategy for preventing the vanishing of this valuable plant from the forest is needed. Synthetic seed (synseed) production is considered as the cost-effective technique that allows vast conservation of plant germplasm under low storage space. This technique is also regarded as one of the efficient ex situ plant preservation methods. Synseed can be stored for a period of time with retaining the ability to grow into a true-to-type plantlet. From the advantages of synseed on plant germplasm protection, this study investigated the method for producing synseed from different explant types of H. longicornutum. The 6 – 7 cm high in vitro plantlets were excised to obtain 1 cm of starting materials which divided to leafy-shoot base (LB) and stem containing node (SN) at 0.5 cm in length of each. These 2 explant types were suspended in a solution composed of liquid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, 30 g/L sucrose, and sodium (Na) alginate (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 % w/v). Each explant was subsequently pipetted and dropped into CaCl2 solution (50, 100, 150, and 200 mM). After 25 min of polymerization, synseeds were collected and cultured onto MS medium supplemented with 15 µM N6 - benzyladenine for 8 weeks to monitor the germination ability of synseeds. The observation on the synseed formation in every CaCl2 solution found that synseeds produced from 1 and 2% (w/v) Naalginate showed soft and easily fragile beads, whereas the treatment of 3 – 5% (w/v) Na-alginate showed proper bead formation. The results found that 4% (w/v) Na-alginate with 100 mM CaCl2 and 150 mM CaCl2 were the optimum conditions for LB and SN explants. These conditions showed the germination of new shoots and roots at 100% and 60% in LB explant, and 78% and 35% in SN explants. Each LB explant in synseed could produce average number of shoots (5.4) and roots (1.7) more than SN explant (3.6 shoots and 1.0 root per seed). Moreover, LB synseed was produce 24% higher shoot and 64% longer root of plantlets when comparing with SN synseed. The germinated shoots from synseeds exhibited more growth and developed into the complete plantlets after culturing onto MS medium for another 8 weeks. Our findings may help the maintenance of plant diversity in Thailand and ensure the sustainability of plant use and conservation. This synseed production method of H. longicornutum could be utilized as a tool for its large-scale propagation, so the plant germinated from synseed could be used for plant reintroduction or supported human demand without interrupting the plant in nature. This method could provide a mass germplasm transfer between places, which further allows the establishment of a plant conservation network. KEYWORDS: artificial seed production; Hedychium; rare plant; plant conservation; Zingiberaceae.

112 In situ conservation of rare Rivea ornata depends on ensuring the presence of its specialized pollinators Natthaphong Chitchak1 , Alyssa B. Stewart1 , and Paweena Traiperm1,* 1Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Rivea ornata (Roxb.) Choisy is a member of the morning glory family recognized by its distinctive sphingophilous pollination syndrome. Thailand is located on the edge of the global distribution of this species, and its occurrence in the country is considered rare. In this study, we aimed to investigate two factors that fundamentally contribute to the reproductive success of this species, i.e., pollinator dependency and mating system, in order to gain a better understanding of its life history for future conservation planning. We employed time-lapse photography and video recordings to observe floral visitors and conducted bagging experiments to study the mating system. Our findings revealed that R. ornata is obligately xenogamous and heavily reliant on pollinators for successful reproduction. The pollinators correspond to its pollination syndrome, with nocturnal hawk moths serving as the primary pollinators, supplemented by other lepidopterans, i.e., skippers, settling moths, and diurnal hawk moths. Moreover, natural fruit and seed set were found to be relatively high. Therefore, our study indicates that the continued persistence of these specialized pollinators is a critical factor for the reproductive success of R. ornata in their natural habitats. KEYWORDS: Breeding system; Convolvulaceae; Ipomoeeae; outcrossing; pollination.

113 Bumblebees of Thailand and their bioeconomic potential as crop pollinators Chawatat Thanoosing1,* , Prapun Triyasut2 , Alfried Vogler3,4, Paul Williams3,4, and Natapot Warrit1 1Center of Excellence in Entomology: Bee Biology, Biodiversity of Insects and Mites, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Wang Mai, Pathum Wan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand 2Program in Biology, Faculty of Science, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubon Ratchathani, 34000, Thailand 3Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK 4 The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK *Corresponding author, email: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus Latreille) are important pollinators especially for crops in the Solanaceae family (tomatoes, aubergines, and chillies)due to their unique pollination process: ‘buzz pollination’. Bumblebee colonies, especially the renowned European species, Bombus terrestris (Linnaeus), can be kept in artificial boxes (bombiculture) and commercialised for scientific research in laboratories and for crop pollination in greenhouses. However, commercialized introduced bumblebees cause problems including genetic contamination to wild populations, and pathogens. To prevent the causes, local bombiculture is recommended. In Thailand, the fundamental knowledge of bumblebees is poorly known because of the inaccessibility of their habitats and lack of the recent records. Here, we aim to provide more basic information of bumblebees in Thailand, including distribution range, phenology, nesting biology and food plants, which are important for developing local bombiculture and gaining bioeconomic values. The records of Thai bumblebees were retrieved from museum collections and recent surveys. Seven species in six different subgenera of bumblebees have been recorded in Thailand, including, B. bellardii (Gribodo), B. breviceps Smith, B. eximius Smith, B. flavescens Smith, B. haemorrhoidalis Smith, B. montivagus Smith, and B. rotundiceps Friese. We found two bumblebee nests of two species, B. breviceps and B. montivagus in Doi Inthanon, Chiang Mai. Pollen samples from these nests were sampled and identified using pollen acetolysis and metabarcoding. At least twelve plant species, including Solanum sp., were potentially identified from pollen samples, based on pollen metabarcoding, which inferred that these bumblebees were generalists. This shows that the bumblebees essentially provide ecosystem services as pollinators in Doi Inthanon. Our works show that metabarcoding is a useful tool for identifying pollen grains. For the next steps, bumblebee rearing boxes would be set in the areas for monitoring bumblebee food plants throughout the year. This would provide more accurate phenology of Thai bumblebees and food plants which are vital for bombiculture in Thailand. KEYWORDS: Bombiculture; DNA barcoding; highland agriculture; palynology; pollination; metabarcoding

114 Towards Sustainable Conservation: Investigating Avian Diversity and Feeding Guilds in a Seasonal Wetland Sandip Pal1,* , and Rupam Debnath2 1Department of Zoology, Barrackpore Rastraguru Surendranath College, Barrackpore, West Bengal, India 2Department of Zoology, West Bengal State University, Barasat, West Bengal, India *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: India, known for its rich biodiversity, plays a significant role in global avifauna with a contribution of more than 13% of the world's bird species. Birds play crucial role in maintaining ecosystems and exhibit important community interactions. However, anthropogenic activities have led to a rapid decline in bird populations. Understanding the community structures of different species is crucial for ecosystem restoration efforts. The present study aimed to explore the avifauna, and identify their feeding guilds in a seasonal wetland. Existing literature highlights the significance of studying community structures and species interactions. The study area, Bortir Bil, located in West Bengal, India exhibits a changing agricultural landscape and functions as a seasonal wetland. Bortir Bil experiences flooding during the monsoon season, while remaining dry in other seasons except the post-monsoon period. The area becomes popular among tourists during the monsoon, attracting activities such as boating, fishing and photography. The cultivation of various crops in these fields creates feeding habitats that support the presence of both beneficial and pest bird species. The study has already documented 61 bird species and identified five feeding guilds. Among the 61 species, two are categorized as 'Vulnerable' and one as 'Near Threatened.' Overall, this research contributes to our understanding of avifauna diversity, community structures, and the imperative for sustainable conservation efforts. KEYWORDS: Avian Diversity; Avifauna; Bortir Bil; India; Seasonal Wetland.

115 MICROENVIRONMENT of Some Macrolichens in a Montane Cloud Forest, Lorega, Bukidnon, Philippines Maricel M. Gonzales1,* , Andrea G. Azuelo2 , Ehlrich Ray J. Magday2 , Arman C. Nuezca2 , Roselynn Grace G. Montecillo2 , Leovelyn C. Dumaog3 , Alryn T. Mercader4 , Mariza M. Baiño5 , Vergil B. Tagalogon2 , and Razel S. Manegdeg6 1Master Teacher I, San Miguel National High School, Maramag, Bukidnon, 2 Faculty of Science Education Department, College of Education, Central Mindanao University (CMU) 3 Teacher III, Pangantucan National High School, Pangantucan, Bukidnon 4Master Teacher I, Pangantucan National High School, Pangantucan, Bukidnon 5Master Teacher I, Bukidnon National School of Home Industries, Maramag, Bukidnon 6DepEd Teacher, Sinangguyan National High School, Don Carlos, Bukidnon *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: The dynamics of epiphytic foliose macrolichens confined in a montane cloud forest in Lorega, Bukidnon, Philippines was surveyed and investigated. Some species of foliose macrolichens and their associated microenvironment and richness along conifer stands and understorey communities were surveyed and documented. Transect method through inventory on a 200-meter distance was employed. Research findings indicate a total of 34 epiphytic foliose macrolichens species belonging to 12 genera and 5 families. The most dominant species rich in this order belongs to the family of Parmeliaceae, Physciaceae, Coccocarpiaceae, Lobariaceae, and Collemataceae. The species of microenvironments are habitats for foliose macrolichens are confined on tree trunks, barks, decayed litters. As noted, the macrolichens cover increase with stand age thus its richness seemed strongly influenced by the stand age of conifers and understorey vegetation. Exploration and documentation of lichens flora and their richness in montane vegetation are of crucial importance for conservation and land plant biodiversity. KEYWORDS: Conservation; documentation; epiphytic; foliose; microenvironment; species-rich.

116 Monitoring and Assessment of the Status of Bats in Rajjaprabha Dam: A Case Study of Rare and Threatened Species (Hipposideros pendleburyi, Ia io and Eudiscopus denticulus) Pipat Soisook1 1Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Natural History Museum, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: This project assessed the diversity and abundance of bats in Rajjaprabha Dam between October 2020 and September 2021 with a particular interest of monitoring three rare and threatened species; Hipposideros pendleburyi, Eudiscopus denticulus and Ia io. A series of six field surveys has been undertaken both in forest fragments of Rajjaprabha Dam and surrounding locations where likely to be the roosting caves of the tree targeted species; including Prakai Petch Cave, Pakarang Cave and Panturat Cave. Bats were captured with a harp trap, mist net in the forest, or with hand net in the cave with an aid of photography. Acoustic survey using bat detectors was also employed. The Thailand’s endemic Hipposideros pendleburyi was found both in Rajjaprabha Dam’s Plant Genetic Protection Area and in Panturat Cave, where a population size of 800 individuals was estimated – which is the largest record of the colony of this vulnerable species. Another threatened species, Pteropus vampyrus – the largest bat in Thailand, was also found in a large colony of up to 600 individuals at a small island in the middle of Rajjaprabha Dam’s reservoir. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that the specimen of Eudiscopus denticulus from Rajjaprabha Dam is clearly clustered together with specimens from the upper part of the country but showed a significant difference to be separated from India and Indochina populations, and therefore to be named and described as a new subspecies. Another interesting finding is that three different species of Thick-thumb bats Glischropus spp. were found in the study area. One of which is the common species in the south of Thailand and previously known in the area, Glischropus tyopus. The second species, based on morphology, bacula and genetics, include the species that much larger and similar to Glischropus bucephalus which has been regarded as an Indochinese species and not supposes to be occurred in the South. Another one, very small species identified as Glischropus aquilus which previously known only from Sumatra and this is the first record in Thailand. KEYWORDS: Biodiversity; Chiroptera; conservation; biogeography; peninsular Thailand; Rajjaprabha Dam.

117 Taxonomic characterization of Solicoccozyma terricola, an unrecorded yeast species isolated from soil in South Korea Inyoung Choi1 , and Srinivasan Sathiyaraj1,* 1Department of Bio & Environmental Technology, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul 01797, Republic ofKorea *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: In the current study, we have isolated yeasts from the soil samples collected from Cheongju city, Chungcheongbuk province, Republic of Korea. Identification of yeast strains was performed using molecular taxonomy and conventional taxonomy. The molecular taxonomy was done based on the analysis of the D1/D2 region of the 26S rRNA gene sequence compared with the closely related reference strains using the basic local alignment search tool (BLAST). Conventional taxonomy was carried out by determination of biochemical characteristics using an API 20C AUX kit, and cell morphology that was observed using a phase contrast microscope. One yeast strain, strain GW1-3, was identified to be Solicoccozyma terricola belonging to the class Tremellomycetes in the phylum Basidiomycota. The strain had oval-shaped cells with polar budding cells. This yeast species has never been officially recorded in the Republic of Korea. KEYWORDS: Basidiomycota; Tremellomycetes; unrecorded yeast; 26S rRNA gene

118 Taxonomic characterization of Starmerella bacillaris, an unrecorded yeast species isolated from soil in South Korea MyungKyumKim1,* , and Ji Yun Son 1 1Department of Bio &Environmental Technology, SeoulWomen’sUniversity,Seoul 01797,Republicof Korea *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: In the current study, we have isolated ascomycetous yeasts from the soil samples collected from Nowon-gu,Seoul city, Republicof Korea. Identification of yeast strains was performed using molecular taxonomy and conventional taxonomy. The molecular taxonomy was done based on the analysis of the D1/D2 region of the 26S rRNA gene sequence compared with the closely related reference strainsusing thebasic local alignment searchtool (BLAST). Conventional taxonomy was carried out by determination of biochemical characteristics using an API 20C AUX kit, and cell morphology that was study using a phase contrast microscope. One yeast strain, strainGR9, was assignedto be Starmerella bacillaris in the order Saccharomycetales of the phyla Ascomycota. The strain had oval-shaped cells with multilateral budding. This yeast species has never been officially recorded in the Republic of Korea. KEYWORDS: Ascomycota; Saccharomycetales; unrecorded yeast

119 Demography of Nilgiri langur(Semnopithecus johnii) in Periyar Tiger Reserve, Kerala, India Sajinu K Rasack1,* , and C. Gunasekaran1 1Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India – 641046 *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: In a few areas of southern India's Western Ghats, the Nilgiri langur (Semnopithecus johnii) has not been given the full consideration it deserves. To ascertain the distribution, demography, and status of Nilgiri langurs, we carried out a study in the Periyar Tiger Reserve in the Indian state of Kerala. Using the map of the research area, we drew grid cells measuring 5 km2 , and we used GPS to take walks inside each grid cell. We compiled demographic and geographic information on the Nilgiri langur group. The study's findings include an analysis of the social organization traits of Nilgiri langurs in various Periyar Tiger Reserves They can be found everywhere and have been seen a height 2019 metres (in Kottamala), one of the highest peaks in the Periyar Tiger Reserve. The majority of the troops were seen at elevations of 750 to 1500 meters. There are usually 3 to 23 members in a troop. KEYWORDS: Periyar Tiger Reserve; Nilgiri Langur; Demography; Troop size

120 Floristic diversity and the impact of invasive plants in Megamalai Tiger Reserve, India Muthu Karthick Nagarajan1,* , Vivekananthan Mani1 , and Manochandran K1 1Care Earth Trust, 21, Thillai Ganga Nagar, Chennai, 600061, India *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Recent conservation goals are focussed towards the higher altitude moist forests, boasting many rare and endangered plants. The diversity indices of lowland woody flora were determined in the newly declared Tiger Reserve in southern India. Thirty quadrats of 10x10 m size are established in the area earmarked for removal of invasive species by the park management has been subjected to detailed floristic analysis starting from inventory to derivation of diversity indices like Shannon-Weiner, Simpsons, Fisher’s Alpha and Jaccard Index. This intervention highlighted the enhanced diversity index of the plants along with the distribution of endemic plants of the drier parts of Western Ghats like Excoecaria oppositifolia var. crenulata (Wight) Chakrab. & M.Gangop. Calculation of Important Value Index shows that Atalantia monophylla DC., Albizia amara (Roxb.) Boivin, Tamarindus indica L. to be the most dominant species in the Southern Dry Mixed Deciduous forests type of the landscape. The plant diversity is kept in check by the invasive Lantana camara L., being dominant in many quadrats. Following the assessment, a site-specific invasive species removal program has been formulated with the local park management. KEYWORDS: Invasives; tiger reserve; diversity indices; park management.

121 Session 2: Biodiversity and Climate Change Poster Presentations

122 The effects of temperature and humidity on soil bacterial communities in Khao Samroi Yot National Park Wareerat klubjaidai1,* , Winanda Himaman 1 , and Baramee Sakolrak1 1 Forest Entomology and Microbiology Research Group, Forest and Plant ConservationResearch Office, Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation, Bangkok 10900 *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: The primary purpose of this research was to study the relationship between the numbers of three groups of soil bacteria, (bacteria, rhizobia and actinomycetes) and environmental factors such as air temperature, air humidity, soil temperature and soil moisture. Three permanent 40x40 m2 sample plots were conducted at locations in the Khao Samroi Yot National Park namely Khao Samroi Yot National Park office (in front of the headquarter), the Khao Samroi Yot National Park Protection Unit 1 (NP 1) and the Khao Samroi Yot National Park Protection Unit 3 (NP 3). Soil samples were taken from three sites and the numbers of bacterial colonies were measured by standard plate count. The results showed that the total bacteria accounts ranged from 2.13x104 to 1.97x106 cfu/g of dry soil. The isolation of rhizobia had value of 7.77x103 to 2.04x106 cfu/g of dry soil. The total of actinomycetes counts showed the number on humic acid vitamin agar (HV) and starch casein agar (SC) form 7.13x103 to 2.09x105 and 5.57x103 to 1.79x105 cfu/g of dry soil,respectively. In this study, we used the Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient to examine the relationship between environmental conditions and the population of soil bacteria. Air temperature were significantly correlated with numbers of rhizobia (r=0.85) and actinomycetes on HV agar (r=0.68) in NP 1 plot. Air humidity showed an effect on the numbers of actinomycetes on SC agar (r=0.71) in front of the headquarter office. Soil temperature has a negative correlation with the number of actinomycetes on HV agar (r=- 0.64) in NP 3 plot. Although soil moisture was negatively correlated with the number of actinomycetes on HV agar (r=- 0.64) in NP1, it had a positive relationship with total bacterial count (r=0.75) in front of the headquarter office. The result suggests that soil bacteria can potentially be used as a bio-indicator to detect climate change in Khao Sam Roi Yot National Park. In addition, this study indicated that the bacterial load relationship can be used as baseline to minimize the impacts on natural resources caused by climate change. KEYWORDS: Soil bacteria; Khao Samroi Yot National Park; bio-indicator; climate change; ramsar sites. .

123 Biomass and Carbon Stock Assessment of Mangroves in Baliangao, Misamis Occidental, Mindanao, Philippines Carmel Kilien A. Manon-og1,* , Anne Sherlyn G. Bungcasan1 , Karen Grace J. Magahin1 , Ralfh Zary M. Paclipan1 , Maria Luisa S. Orbita1 , and Ronaldo R. Orbita2 1Department of Marine Science, College of Science and Mathematics MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Tibanga, Iligan City, Mindanao, Philippines 9200 2Department of Professional Education, College of Education MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Tibanga, Iligan City, Mindanao, Philippines 9200 *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Mangrove forests serve a critical role in climate regulation and climate change mitigation. The trees and shrubs, as well as the soil beneath them, serve as highly effective carbon sinks and storage sites. This study was conducted to determine the biomass and carbon sequestration potential of mangrove stands in Baliangao, Misamis Occidental. A total of 30 sampling plots were established to facilitate inventory and measurement of trees. There were a total of 2,293 individuals belonging to three orders, three families, three genera and four species were recorded from the ten sampling sites. Species of Rhizophora were found and dominated the whole sampling area. The mangrove stand in Baliangao was remarkable because of their high carbon stock potential and ability to sequester carbon. Recognizing the entire natural and reforested mangrove forests, it is estimated that about 4.2 million t C has been sequestered and stored in 1,071 hectare mangroves in Baliangao, Misamis Occidental hence proper forest management is essential to sustain and improve its capacity to help mitigate climate change. KEYWORDS: Biomass; carbon stock; climate change; mangrove.

124 Predicting the impact of climate change on the distribution of Argyreia collinsiae in Thailand using species distribution modelling Poompat Srisombat1,2,3,* , Alyssa B. Stewart2 , Natthaphong Chitchak2 , Pantamith Rattanakrajang2 , and Paweena Traiperm2 1M.Sc. Program in Plant Science, Faculty of Graduate Studies, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand 2Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand 3Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Understanding how species respond to climate change is crucial because it is one of the most important environmental issues confronting the world today. Species distribution models (SDMs) are considered a valuable tool for analyzing the potential impact of climate change on species prospective ranges, aiding in the evaluation of their conservation status, especially for endangered species. In this study, we predicted the habitat suitability of Argyreia collinsiae (Craib) Na Songkhla & Traiperm, a widespread morning glory in Thailand, employing its occurrence data in conjunction with seven bioclimatic factors (mean diurnal range, mean temperature of wettest quarter, mean temperature of warmest quarter, annual precipitation, precipitation of wettest month, precipitation of driest month, and precipitation of warmest quarter) under current climatic conditions and two future time periods (2050’s and 2100’s). The results of the SDMs revealed highly accurate predicted distributions, supported by true skill statistics and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve exceeding 0.8. As predicted climate change progresses over time, the total area of suitable habitat for A. collinsiae in the future climatic scenarios was anticipated to decrease. Therefore, it is important to direct attention towards climatic issues encompassing all plant groups and other organisms, rather than solely focusing on rare species, in order to formulate comprehensive conservation planning for the future. KEYWORDS: climate modelling; Convolvulaceae; species range.

125 Assessing the carbon sequestration potential of macroalgae in coral reefs at Ko Tan, Surat Thani Province Wichin subpala1,* ,Charernmee Chamchoy1 , Thamasak Yeemin1 , Sittiporn Pengsakun1 , Wanlaya Klinthong1 , Laongdow Jungrak1 , Wiphawan Aunkhongthong1 , and Makamas Sutthacheep1 1Marine Biodiversity Research Group, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, 10240, Thailand *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Blue-carbon ecosystems play a critical role in nature-based climate solutions through their ability to store and sequester carbon. Current estimates of the role of macroalgae in global carbon sequestration mainly rely on data from temperate kelp forests, leaving the carbon storage capacity of tropical macroalgae in live biomass uncertain. This study aims to investigate the carbon sequestration potential of macroalgae in the coral reef ecosystems at Ko Tan, Surat Thani Province. Field surveys were conducted to assess the abundance and diversity of macroalgal species in the coral reefs of Ko Tan. Subsequently, the samples of macroalgae were collected and analyzed in the laboratory to determine their carbon content and carbon sequestration capabilities. Macroalgae in the study area were mostly found in areas covered by diverse substrate types such as dead corals, rubbles, and sand. The dominant macroalgae were Turbinaria conoides, Padina australis, and Acanthophora sp. The highest coverage of macroalgae was 96.4%. The highest macroalgal biomass was found in P. australis, followed by T. conoides, Acanthophora sp. with the carbon storages of 579, 490 and 481 g DW.m-2 , respectively. The total carbon storage in macroalgae at Ko Tan was 160.24 tC, with the highest carbon storage in T. conoides (96%). The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the carbon sequestration potential of macroalgae in coral reef ecosystems in the Gulf of Thailand. The results of this study also enhance our understanding of the carbon dynamics in the coral reef ecosystems, thereby providing valuable insights for conservation and management approaches. Moreover, evaluating the capacity of macroalgae to sequester carbon presents promising opportunities for implementing nature-based solutions to combat climate change and maintain the ecological integrity of coral reefs. KEYWORDS: Biomass; blue carbon; climate change; coral reef; macroalgae.

126 Generating Site-Specific Allometric Equations for Aboveground and Belowground Biomass of Mangroves in Siargao Island, Surigao del Norte, Mindanao, Philippines Frence Eliza E. Elecho1, * , Maria Luisa S. Orbita1 , Maria Lourdes Dorothy G. Lacuna1 , Jaime Q. Guihawan2 , and Ronaldo R. Orbita3 1Department of Marine Science, College of Science and Mathematics MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Tibanga, Iligan City, Mindanao, Philippines 9200 2Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Tibanga, Iligan City, Mindanao, Philippines 9200 3Department of Professional Education, College of Education MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Tibanga, Iligan City, Mindanao, Philippines 9200 *Correspondence author, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Application of allometric equations for quantifying mangrove forests aboveground and belowground biomass is an essential step related to efforts of climate change adaptation. Generalized allometric equations have been applied for estimating biomass and carbon storage of mangrove forests. However, adopting a generalized allometric equation to estimate the biomass generates uncertainty due to the variation in the environment, species and zonation. A common specialized allometric equation for the Philippine mangroves has not been established. Therefore, formulating site-specific allometric equations using mangrove measurements (diameter at breast height, tree height, basal area, crown length, crown width, crown area, number of roots) is important to accurately quantify the biomass. Siargao Island is considered to have the largest continuous stand of mangrove with an estimated 9,000 ha of fair condition mangrove forests. This study was aimed to formulate site-specific allometric equations for mangroves in Siargao Island, Mindanao, Philippines using destructive method which yielded four (4) significant allometric equations (p<0.05): two for total tree biomass, one for aboveground biomass, and one for belowground biomass. With these, utilization of these equations is highly recommended to measure the biomass as well as carbon stock in Siargao Island, avoiding laborious effort and ecological destruction. KEYWORDS: Siargao Island; allometry; biomass

127 Diversity of marine fungi associated with marine sponges at Hin-Ploeng Pinnacle, Rayong province Kanokkorn Longmatcha1,* , Worawut Chaiyasaeng1,2, and Jamrearn Buaruang1 1Marine Microbe Environment Research Unit, Division of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkapi, Bangkok, 10240, Thailand 2Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkapi, Bangkok, 10240, Thailand *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Marine sponges can acquire small particles of food and oxygen by filter feeding. It is during the feeding process that many micro-organisms up to 40% of the sponge biomass especially, marine fungi were founded the most in marine sponges. The objective of this research is to marine fungi associated with marine sponges to investigate climate change in the marine environment. Sponge (Xestospongia testudinaria) samples were collected from Hin-Ploeng Pinnacle, Rayong province at depths of 10, 15, and 20 meters using SCUBA diving, and marine fungi were isolated from the samples by tissue transplanting method in Malt Extract Agar with 70 % seawater, which was stored for 5-7 days at 28°C. The separating genus of marine fungi from marine sponges by light microscope. The result of marine fungi showed 357 isolates were identified in 6 species such as Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus spp., Emericella sp., Penicilliumspp., Trichoderma sp., and sterile mycelium. A. flavus and Penicillium spp. were found at all depths. Aspergillus spp. and sterile mycelium were found at depths of 15 and 20 meters. Emericella sp. was presented only at a depth of 15 meters and Trichoderma sp. was shown only at a depth of 20 meters. A. flavus at a depth of 10 meters was found in 168 isolates, while at depths of 15- 20 meters were showed A. flavus in 60-61 isolates. The diversity of marine fungi obtained from each depth is the first-time study in this research. So, that needs to be studied further by collecting original sponge colony samples to study the changes of marine fungi that were associated with the sponges to monitor climate change of the marine environment in the future. KEYWORDS: Diversity; filter feeder; marine environment; marine fungi; marine sponge.

128 Extraction of Bio-Silica from Sugarcane Leaf Sheath Yupadee Paopun1,* , Piyanan Thanomchat 1 , Nustsaba Kronburee1 , and Napat Kaewtrakulchai2 1Scientific Equipment and Research Division, Kasetsart University Research and Development Institute, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand 2Biomass Conversion and Bioenergy Research Unit, Kasetsart Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Product Improvement Institute, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand *Corresponding author, e-mail:[email protected] ABSTRACT: Silica is naturally deposited in various parts of sugarcane such as roots, stems, shoots, leaves and leaf sheaths. Large amount of the sugar cane leaf sheath becomes agricultural waste in the crop field. The farmers use the easiest and cheapest burning the waste in the field which causes air pollution (PM 2.5), health hazard and global warming. The extraction of bio-silica from sugarcane leaf sheaths is an effective alternative to reduce pollution and increase the value to the agricultural waste. The objective of the study was to investigate extraction methods of bio-silica from leaf sheaths ofthe 4 most common cultivars of Thai sugarcanes, including KK3, KPS01-12, LK92-11 and UT84-12. The samples were digested with 3 M hydrochloric acid for 2 hrs and calcined in a muffle furnace at 1000 °C for 2 hrs. The purity of silicon dioxide was determined with energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF). The crystallinity and morphology of bio-silica were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), respectively. The results show that the white ash from the sugarcane leaf sheath of 4 cultivars consisted of 91-95 wt % silicon: 91.83 wt % in KK3, 94.53 wt % in KPS01-12, 92.67 wt % in LK92-11, 91.90 wt % in UT84-12. The means of silicon content in the sugarcane leaf sheath are not statistically different. XRD analysis shows that each sample contains silica in a mixture of minority crystalline phase and majority amorphous phase. All four samples have about similar XRD patterns. FESEM images show that the bio-silica nanoparticles are agglomerated and form spherical shape and cocoon. The cluster sizes are 162±38.17 nm for KK3, 181±41.86 nm for KPS01-12, 189±45.10 nm for LK92-11 and 177±33.41 nm for UT84-12. The content of bio-silica in the ash of the sugarcane leaf sheaths are 2.13±0.04 % in KK3, 2.20±0.18 % in KPS01-12, 2.28±0.08 % in LK92-11 and 2.13±0.04 % in UT84- 12. A comparative study of extracting bio-silica from leaves is on-going. In conclusion, the sugarcane leaf sheath is an agricultural waste that contains abundant silica and can be extracted for further uses in several industrial applications such as organic compounds and heavy metal absorbents, rubber industries, and composite materials for fertilizer. KEYWORDS: Sugarcane; bio-silica; leaf sheath; extract; ash

129 Follow-Up and Evaluation of Resulting Effectiveness of Electrical Insulator Artificial Habitats: A Pilot Study in Pattani and Narathiwat, Thailand Theerakamol Pengsakul1 1 Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: This research is based on a follow-up evaluation of the artificial coral fish house project from insulating insulators: Pilot area in Pattani and Narathiwat provinces at the Internal Security Operations Division 4 with the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) Southern Operations Department. Results of the study of the marine population survey, It was found that most of the fish species survey were found in coral reefs, including grouper, Cephalopholis formosa, Cephalopholis sp., Epinephelus malabaricus, Lutjanus russelli, L. lutjanus, andL. argentimaculatus. The most common fish groups are Siganus javus and S. guttatus. It was demonstrated that fish movement in and out of artificial reefs was placed at different points of the project to increase fish population. The results of the study were from the surveys of peoplein the villages at the artificial coral placement and nearby. The total number of people in the area was 394 households. It was found that people noticed a very positive economic and social impact (mean 3.9). In 2019, when people had an annual household income of 120,000 baht, it was proved the social return rate of the project. During the first year of the project from 2017 to 2019, the result was 1.69, indicating the cost of investment per 1 baht, able to generate social results of 1.69 baht. It is worth the investment, and able to respond to the wisdom of society, and the environment can be targeted and effective. The results exhibit the production of information through multimedia. We continue to design and develop under URL: http://csr-egat.ml/, and will continue to improve further until completion of the project. It was confirmed that all these media have been created to disseminate more knowledge, understanding, and promoting marine environment conservation. Video on the awareness of environmental issues has been made. The results of the study used the public relations kiosk as a medium for news distribution. It was found that the Windows operating system could add and upload programs that performs more functions, and control by the remote-control system that can be modified the presentation slides at any desired time. We would suggest that this project should be continued on further studies. Therefore, this survey showed that to build a nesting patch is promising for creating a healthy ecosystem of artificial coral reef species. This resulted in complex living structures and increasing the supply of fishery resources in Thailand, that will be the distribution of knowledge in one form for the best interests of Thailand on line with the strategy of the Marine Development Plan of the Southern Provinces as well. KEYWORDS: insulators; artificial coral; marine animal population; public survey; information media

130 Session 3: Biodiversity and BCG Economy Models Poster Presentations

131 Isolation and Identification of Fungi by Enrichment on Atmospheres of Monoaromatic Hydrocarbons from Gut of Amphipod, Floresorchestia amphawaensis Tita harunto1,* ,Maneekarn Yoo-iam2 , Prapaipid Chairattanamanokorn2 ,and Piyangkun Lueangjaroenkit1,3 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand 2Department of Environmental Technology and Management, Faculty of Environment, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand 3Biodiversity Center, Kasetsart University (BDCKU) Bangkok 10900, Thailand *Corresponding author, e-mail:[email protected] ABSTRACT: Gut of Amphipod, Floresorchestia amphawaensis were enriched on an inert solid support at low humidity and under a controlled atmosphere rich in volatile aromatic hydrocarbons. Styrene were provided as the sole carbon and energy source via the gas phase. After 2 months, fungi were isolated on two different media (BHI and MEA). Twenty isolates were obtained from both media. The identification based on morphological and genetic features revealed that they belonged to two phylum Ascomycota (85%) and Basidiomycota (15%). All of them can be classified to 4 different genera. Four genera including Fusarium, Sporothrix, Trametes and Aspergillus were isolated form MEA, while only Aspergillus and Trametes were obtained from BHI medium. This results implied that culture medium positively influenced the diversity of the cultivable fungi. In addition, we found that Sporothrix sp. FA1M5, Sporothrix sp. FA1M6, Sporothrix sp. FA1M7, Sporothrix sp. FA1M10 and Trametes polyzona FA1M11 can produced aromatic degrading enzymes (Laccase and manganese peoxidase) and show high efficiency on aromatic dye decolorization in 21 days. These fungi from gut amphipod might be used to clean up contaminated soil or environmental problems of monoaromatic hydrocarbon especially styrene. KEYWORDS Fungi; Styrene; Gut; Amphipod; Floresorchestia amphawaensis; Bioremediation

132 BCG Economy Model Antagonistic microbe Biodiversity Nong Suea Organic Community Enterprise Pathum Thani Province Sukhan Rattanaloeadnusorn1,* , Arranee Chotiko1 ,Jutamanee Srisoot1 , and Podjarin Phasuk1 1 Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Klong 6, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani Province 12110, Thailand *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT: The biodiversity of antagonistic microbes based on BCG model of Nong Suea Organic Farm Community Enterprise at Pathum Thani Province, the network of Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi and various agencies, used Plan- DO-Check-Act process to develop a new platform of research utilization. The inputs of this research composed of 4M, including Men (community leaders, farmers, and RMUTT researchers), Material resources (microbial concentrates on organic nano fillers), Machine technology/innovation (xxx) and Methods (xxx). The research was initiated by (P) integrating foundation of microbial morphology, biochemistry, molecular identification, and biodiversity of antagonist fungi to create ideas of powerful antagonistic microbes for xxx. (D) Biotechnology was used as a major tool to produce innovative microbial concentrates immobilized on nano-organic fillers, which was certified by IFOAM. Concurrently, the production process of the concentrates was also patented. They were scaled up and utilized by an OEM company according to the method written in the patent. The research outputs, outcomes and impact of the innovation, the microbial concentrates, were monitored and evaluated. (C) The research knowledge, the innovative technology and their outputs were disseminated and utilized by Nong Suea Organic Farm Community Enterprise to obtain a new product, veggie powder, which was certified by GMP and HCCP. Lastly, (A) all stakeholders in this research analyzed outputs, outcomes and impacts on the area base and the network in increasing economic value, reducing environmental problems, sustainably increasing the quantity and quality of biological products. KEYWORDS: Antagonistic microbe; BCG Economy Model; Community Enterprise

133 Preliminary screening for some bioactivities of Cannabis sativa sativa (hemp) leaf extract Chanpen Chanchao1,* , Rapeewit Mekpan1 , Peerawut Chuenmajcha1 , Phanthiwa Khongkarat1 , Thitipan Meemongkolkiat1 , and Krieng Kanchanawatee1 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phayathai Road, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Cannabis sativa sativa (hemp) have been very interesting in alternative medicine and cosmetics recently. Here, leaves of C. sativa sativa were focused. The crude ethanol extract(CEE) with the yield of 8.28 % was prepared. The character of CEE was green and viscous. By high-performance liquid chromatography, the amount of cannabidiol (CBD), Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was 0.184 and 3.139 %, respectively. The amount of 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate, p-coumaric acid, vitexin, rutin, kaempferol, and chrysin was 0.069 %, 0.057 %, 0.485 %, 0.163 %, 0.063 %, and 0.077 %, respectively. 1) For anti-skin ageing activity, CEE [0.1 mg/mL (w/v)] could inhibit the ageing relating enzymes which were collagenase at 17.10 1.75 %, elastase at 46.21 1.31 %, and hyaluronidase at 97.43 2.00 %, respectively. 2) In addition, the CEE is potential in anti-oxidation activity. By 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 1,082.09 ± 74.58 micrograms/mL while, by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, the CEE at 0.5 and 1.0 mg/mL (w/v) showed the better anti-oxidation activity significantly. 3) The CEE could inhibit the growth of acne-causing bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes). It could inhibit the growth of S. aureus significantly at 250 mg/mL (w/v) and the growth of P. acnes significantly at the starting concentration of 50 mg/mL (w/v). 4) For the antilipoxygenase(lox) involving in inflammation, the CEE at the starting concentration of 1 mg/mL (w/v) could significantly inhibit the lox activity. Hence, it obviously shows that CEE of C. sativa sativa is promisingly potential for application in healthy products or cosmetics. KEYWORDS: Alternative medicine; bioactivity; Cannabis sativa sativa; crude extract; health; herb.

134 Fungal Phytopathogens That Caused Durian Foliar Blight and How to Control Them Ananya Sahathippayakul1,* , Weerasin Sonjaroon 2,3, Chatsuda Sakdapetsiri4 , and Piyangkun Lueangjaroenkit1,5 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand 2School of Integrated Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand 3Kasetsart University Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900 Thailand 4Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaengsaen, Kasetsart University Kamphaengsaen campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand 5Biodiversity Center, Kasetsart University (BDCKU) Bangkok 10900, Thailand *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Durian is one of the most economically important fruit crops in Thailand. Most diseases in durian that damage agricultural products are caused by fungi. Previews research has reported the presence of chemicals that farmers commonly use in agricultural products. In this study, we isolated and identified fungi from samples of disease-infected durians from durian orchards in Chanthaburi Province. We obtained 15 isolated of plant pathogenic fungi. From molecular Identification, found 3 genera of fungi. Most of them were Phomopsis as 42.86%, followed by Colletotrichum and Fusarium were 35.71% and 21.43%, respectively four species of Colletotrichum have been found, one of them possibly as a new species. We selected interesting fungi to test the efficiency of ZnO nanoparticles, which have a low toxin, at 1, 2.5, and 5 mL/L. We found that ZnO nanoparticles had a good efficiency against phytopathogens in durian, the efficiency was increased with increasing concentration of ZnO nanoparticles. In vivo, at 5 mL/L, ZnO nanoparticles have the ability to decrease the incidence of disease from Colletotrichum sp. DL2-1 58.83% and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides DL6-1 81.12%. The results show to be another alternative for agriculturists to control the fungal cause of disease. The studying of fungal phytopathogens can help to control the disease and develop resistant plants against phytopathogens. KEYWORDS: plant pathogenic fungi; Durio; Phomopsis; Fusarium; Collectotrichum; ZnO nanoparticles

135 Exploring carotenoid production potential in red yeast isolated from Thai flowers Pirapan Polburee1,* , Thippawan Kodpan2 , Krittawan Tondee1 , and Nontakorn Wimoolchat1 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, 2114 Sukhumvit 23, Bangkok 10110, Thailand *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Microbial synthesis of carotenoids has garnered significant attention as an eco-friendly alternative to conventional synthetic methods and its facile extraction for impressive yield. This study delves into the efficacy of carotenoid production by a red yeast strain, as well as the biodiversity of red yeast species from Thai flowers. The chosen high carotenoid-producing yeast strain underwent rigorous evaluation through shaking flask cultivation. The research involved the collection of 32 distinct flower samples from Bangkok and Ayutthaya provinces in Thailand. Subsequently, yeasts were meticulously isolated and identified the species using nucleotide analysis of the D1/D2 domain of the large subunit (LSU) rRNA gene. Remarkably, SWU-FKT03 emerged as the top performer, boasting an impressive carotenoid production rate of 196.55 mg/L among the 36 red yeast strains isolated. Further investigations focused on optimizing the culture conditions for carotenoid production by this yeast strain. The results were promising, as carotenoid production surged to 288.27 mg/L when 20 g/L of glucose and 10 g/L of monosodium glutamate served as the carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. These findings underscore the potential of the red yeast SWU-FKT03 as a high-yield carotenoid producer when cultivated in shaking flasks, exhibiting a remarkable 1.5-fold increase under the optimized conditions. These results hint at the potential of the approach for future large-scale carotenoid production. KEYWORDS: carotenoid; red yeast; Thai flowers; Yeast diversity; Microbial Synthesis; optimization

136 Plant Growth Promoting Activities and Antagonistic Activities of Endophytic Fungi Strain R3G3 Isolated from Organic Rice Roots against the Rice Blast Fungus, Pyricularia oryzae Vassana Supapongsri1,* , Keeratiya Thabchan2 , Kantinan Leetanasaksakul3 , and Piyangkun Lueangjaroenkit1,4 1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand 2 International Undergraduate Degree in Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand 3National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand 4Biodiversity Center, Kasetsart University (BDCKU) Bangkok 10900, Thailand *Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: Rice is a crucial crop for many people worldwide, especially in regions like Asia, Latin America, and parts of Africa. Thailand is one of the largest exporters of rice, exporting around 7 million tonnes per year. However, the prevalence of rice blast disease, caused by Pyricularia oryzae, has led to crop damage and a decline in rice exports in Thailand. Nowadays, farmers use chemicals to eliminate disease, which can have negative effects on humans and the environment. Therefore, this study aim to investigate plant promoting abilities and antifungal activity against rice blast fungi, Pyricularia oryzae of endophytic fungal strain R3G3 in vitro and under greenhouse conditions. The endophytic fungi strain R3G3 which isolated from organic rice root was identified as Aspergillus cejpii based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis. After 7 days, dual culture assay showed that strain R3G3 has an antagonistic effect on Pyricularia oryzae Guy11 and 40.3 with radial growth inhibited by 68.95% and 73.33%, respectively. The production of IAA in the PDB was detected using Salkowski’s test. After 7 days of incubation, the results showed that the strain grown in PDB with tryptophan produced a higher concentration of IAA (25.45 µg/mL). But it not has the potential for phosphate solubilization. The inoculation of A. cejpii R3G3 promoted rice growth with the growth parameters of shoot height, root length, wet weight, and dry weight increasing and the chlorophyll content of the rice plants also increased by 13.64 mg/mL. In addition, strain R3G3 also helps the rice to produce grains faster by 15 days. The result obtained from this study concluded that A. cejpii strain R3G3 has the ability to promote plant growth by produced phytohormone and inhibit the growth of the rice blast fungus Pyricularia oryzae in vitro and under greenhouse conditions. Therefore, endophytic A. cejpii R3G3 has the potential to be a promising eco-friendly biocontrol agent and plant growth promoter for rice cultivation. KEYWORDS: Endophytic fungi; Aspergillus cejpii; plant growth promoting activity; Antagonistic activities; Rice blast

137 Comparative Study on Growth and Biomass of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Rhodophyta, Solieriaceae) using Floating Cage and Long Line Method in Selected Areas of Mindanao, Philippines Karen Grace J. Magahin1, * , Carmel Kilien A. Manon-og1 , Ralfh Zary M. Paclipan1 , Maria Luisa S. Orbita1 , Ivane P. Gerasmio1 , Annielyn D. Tampus1 , and Ronaldo R. Orbita 2 1Department of Marine Science, College of Science and Mathematics MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Tibanga, Iligan City, Mindanao, Philippines 9200 2Department of Professional Education, College of Education MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology, Tibanga, Iligan City, Mindanao, Philippines 9200 *Corresponding author, email: [email protected] ABSTRACT: From 2021-2022, a comparative study on growth and biomass of farmed Kappaphycus alvarezii cultured in floating cages and long line (monoline) in selected areas of Mindanao (Kolambugan, Tubod, Ozamiz, Dinas, Dimataling, Tabina, Sindangan, Jose Dalman and Dapitan) was conducted during northeast monsoon (or amihan). Results showed significant higher specific growth rate (SGR) and biomass values in monoline than in floating cages in all of the sampling areas. Tubod, Dimataling and Sindangan have the highest SGR and biomass. The environmental parameters in all sampling areas were within the tolerable limit suitable for K. alvarezii cultivation. Significant correlations in SGR and biomass with environmental parameters were detected in some sampling areas. The SGR in floating cages was more than the required 3.5% day-1 for commercial eucheumatoid farming hence floating cages was feasible in all sampling areas of Mindanao. However, cultivation of K. alvarezii in floating cages should not be more than two weeks to avoid seaweed deterioration. It is strongly recommended that the newly introduced floating cage should be used as nursery cage instead of using as an alternative method for Kappaphycus farming. KEYWORDS: Floating cage; Kappaphycus alvarezii; Mindanao

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