Obe_FKSK

Outcome Based Education
(OBE)

Hasil Presentasi

Pada akhir sesi pembelajaran, peserta akan dapat:
1. Menerangkan konsep, falsafah, prinsip dan

penggunaan OBE.
2. Menerangkan alasan penggunaan OBE oleh

Kementerian Pendidikan di Malaysia.
3. Menerangkan perkaitan OBE dengan polisi

kerajaan.

Academic Program HEP

Credit System based on Want to offer? MOE
Academic Workload MQA
JPA/ Prof.Bodies
Learning Outcomes

Level of Qualification 3 Approval?
Comply with Accreditation?
Provisional
Accreditation MQF?

MQA-01

AUDIT 9 Recognition?
(COPPA)

Full Accreditation Further studies
MQA-02
OBE???
Malaysian
Qualifications

Register

Why OBE?

NST August 20, 2003

Metro March 7, 2000

Why OBE?

• About 44,000 graduates are without jobs as they have
nothing outstanding to offer to the job markets although
they possess degrees and diplomas.

• Professor Emeritus Datuk Dr Khoo Kay Kim of Univ.
Malaya said mainly caused by students memorising
facts without knowing how to apply them in a particular
situation.

• “As a result, most of them can’t even do simple things or
solve simple problems. Another factor is their Another
factor is their laid-back attitude.

NST August 20, 2002

Employers rate the importance of candidate

qualities/skills

• Communication (verbal & written) 4.69
• Honesty/Integrity
• Teamwork skills 4.59
• Interpersonal skills
• Strong work ethics 4.54
• Motivation & initiative
• Flexibility/adaptability 4.50
• Analytical skills
• Computer skills 4.46
• Organisational skills
• Detail oriented 4.42
• Leadership skills
• Self confidence 4.41
• Friendly/outgoing personality
• Well mannered / polite 4.36
• Tactfulness
• GPA (3.0 or better) 4.21
• Creativity
• Sense of humour 4.05
• Entrepreneurial skills/risk taker
4.00

3.97

3.95

3.85

3.82

3.75

3.68

3.59

National Association of 3.25 Nace Research,
Colleges and Employers 3.23 Job Outlook, 2005

(Prof. Zita Fahmi)
Former Deputy CEO MQA

1996 - Akta 546 – Akta Majlis Pendidikan Negara
1996 - Akta 555 – Akta Pendidikan Tinggi Swasta 1996
1997 - Lembaga Akreditasi Negara (LAN)
2002 - Kod Amalan Jaminan Kualiti IPTA di Malaysia, BJK,

KPM
2002 - Draft of Malaysian Qualifications Framework (MQF)
2005 - MQF tabled in Parliment – not passed
2006 - Revision of MQF
2007 - Pelan Strategik Pendidikan Tinggi Negara (PSPTN)
2007 - MQF retabled in Parliament - PASSED
2007 - Akta 679 – Akta Agency Kelayakan Malaysia (MQA)

OBE dalam Akta 679

MQA

• Malaysian Qualifications Agency (Agensi Kelayakan Malaysia).
• Sebuah badan berkanun.
• Ditubuhkan dibawah Akta Kelayakan Malaysia untuk:

1. Melaksanakan MQF (Malaysia Qualification Framework/
Kerangka Kelayakan Malaysia)

2. Mengakredit program dan kelayakan institusi pengajian
tinggi.

3. Mengawasi dan mengawal selia kualiti dan standard
pemberi pengajian tinggi (HEP).

4. Mengadakan dan menyelenggara MQR (Malaysian
Qualifications Register/ Daftar Kelayakan Malaysia)

OBE dalam MQF

MQF

(Malaysian Qualification Framework)

• MQF is an instrument.
• develops and classifies qualifications.
• based on a set of criteria that is approved nationally

and at par with international practices,
• and which clarifies the earned academic levels,

learning outcomes of study areas and credit
system based on student academic load.

Quality Documents

1. Code of Practice for Programme Accreditation (COPPA)
2. Code of Practice for Institutional Audit (COPIA)
3. Code of Practice for Open and Distance Learning

(COPDL)
4. Programme Standard
5. Standards
6. Guides to Good Practice (GGP)
7. Malaysian Qualification Framework (MQF) + Malaysia

Qualification Register (MQR)

What is OBE?

OBE is education based on producing particular
educational outcomes that:
• focuses on what students can actually do after they

are taught;
• expect all learners/students to successfully achieve

particular (sometimes minimum) level of knowledge
and abilities.

IT’S

NOT

WHAT WE WANT TO TEACH,

IT’S
WHAT THE STUDENTS SHOULD LEARN

OBE Requisites

• Identified clearly what the students must learned.
• The student’s progress is based on demonstrated

achievement.
• Multiple instructional and assessment strategies to

meet the needs of each student.
• Provide adequate time and assistance for each

student to reach the maximum potential.

Therefore, OBE ………………

• OBE is an educational process.
• Directed/focussed at achieving certain specified outcomes

in terms of individual student learning.
• Outcomes - key things students should understand and

be able to do or the qualities they should develop.
• Both structures and curricula are designed to achieve those

capabilities or qualities.
• Educational structures and curriculum are regarded as

means not ends. If they do not do the job they are
rethought (Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI)).







Pembinaan

Learning Outcome

Hasil Presentasi

Pada akhir sesi, peserta akan dapat:

1. Menyerangkan komponen dalam learning outcome.
2. Membentuk learning outcome mengikut komponen

bagi aras domain yang berbeza.
3. Menerangkan kaedah pemetaan CLO vs PLO.

OBE PROCESS

Curriculum PEO Program

Curriculum REVIEW Academic Level Standards

Planning (1) Program Learning
Outcomes (PLO)
CQI Report

Closing the Loop (CDL) Curriculum Bloom’s
Taxonomy
Evaluate / analyse
Course L. Outcomes (CLO)
Evaluating (4)
Developing (2)

TL Activities Assessments

Entrance/Exit Surveys SLT Bloom’s
Test Blueprint Taxonomy
Lesson Plan
Marking Scheme Rubrics Implementing (3) Credit Hour
Student Portfolio
Evidences Curriculum
Bloom’s
Documenting
Formative Assessment Taxonomy
Summative Assessment

Compliance to MQF

(1) Level of Qualifications
MQF (2) Learning Outcomes

(3) Credit System

MQF Level Of Qualifications

Level MGC* Skills Sectors Academic

8 80* Advanced Diploma Vocational & Doctoral
40 Diploma Technical Masters
Postgraduate Dip
7 30 Certificate 3 Advanced Diploma Postgraduate Cert
20 Certificate 2 Diploma Bachelor
120 Certificate 1 Certificate Graduate Dip
Graduate Cert
6 60 Advanced Diploma
30
Diploma
5 40 Certificate
4 90
3 60
2-
1-

Learning Outcome

• Penyataan yang menjelaskan tentang apa yang
pelajar perlu tahu, faham dan boleh lakukan
setelah selesai satu tempoh pengajian.

• Merupakan rujukan bagi standard dan kualiti serta
pembanguan kurikulum dari segi pengajaran dan
pembelajaran, penetapan kredit dan penilaian
pelajar.

The 3 Domains of Educational Goals

Cognitive Affective

The Head The Heart

Psychomotor 3H

The Hand

Learning Outcomes

Social skills & Communication, Ethics, professionalism

responsibilities LO3 leadership & team LO5 & humanities LO4

Scientific method, critical thinking Lifelong Learning & Entrepreneurial &
and problem solving LO6 Info. Mgt LO7 Managerial Skill LO8

LEARNING Knowledge Affective Practical
DOMAINS LO1 Skills LO2

Cognitive Psychomotor / skills

Higher order Evaluation Internalising Origination
lower order values Adaptation
Synthesis Complex Overt
Analysis Organisation Response
Application Valuing Mechanism
Comprehension Guided Response
Knowledge Responding
Set
Bloom,1956 Receiving
Perception
Krathwohl,1964
Simpson,1972

(GGP Student Assessment, MQA, 2013)

1. Knowledge (C)
2. Practical Skills (P)
3. Social Skills and responsibilities (A)
4. Ethnics, professionalism and humanities (A)
5. Communication, leadership and team skills (A)
6. Scientific methods, critical thinking and problem

solving skills (C)
7. Lifelong learning and information management skills

(A)
8. Entrepreneurial and managerial skills (A)

Different Levels of Learning Outcomes

Programme Educational Objectives Few years after Competent nurses who
(PEO) Graduation – 4 to 5 years are …..

Employer Survey, Alumni Survey

Programme Learning Outcomes Upon graduation - ..will be able to demonstrate
(PLO) Nine (9) MOE critical thinking skills to solve
Learning Outcomes

My3S, Exit Survey, Prog.Survey

Course Learning Outcomes (CLO) Upon course completion .. will be able to explain the
Weekly/Topic Outcomes Use Bloom’s Taxonomy of physical principles of ……
Learning Domains (C/A/P)

Sum/Form/Cont. Assessments

Upon topic completion .. will be able to explain
Use Bloom’s Taxonomy of Archimedes principle of ……
Learning Domains (C/A/P)
Shahrin Mohamed, 2007
Sum/Form/Cont. Assessments

Programme Educational Objectives
(PEO)

• 4 hingga 5 penyataan yang menggambarkan sifat
graduan setelah 4 hingga 5 tahun bergraduat.

• Melibatkan 7 atau 8 domain MQA LO.
• Boleh menggabungkan domain MQA dalam 1 PEO.
• Sejajar dengan kehendak industri.
• Mengikut visi dan misi universiti.

Programme Educational Objectives
(PEO)

 Attributes of graduates 4 to 5 years after graduation

Programme Learning Outcomes (PLO)

• Penyataan tentang kemahiran pelajar selepas tamat
pengajian.

• Sejajar dengan standard program.
• Mengandungi 7 - 8 domain MQA LO.
• Satu penyataan untuk satu domain.
• Pemetaan 1 PLO ke 1 MQA LO.

Programme Learning Outcomes (PLO)

 WPLOh1atAspptluy dnuersnintgsknwowilleldbgeeinacblinlicealtporacdticoe.upon graduation

PLO2 Perform safe and competent nursing practice skills.
PLO3 Acquire team and interpersonal skill that are appropriate to employment.
PLO4 Apply ethical professional and Islamic values in nursing profession.
PLO5 Communicate the information and idea to healthcare professional and

community effectively.
PLO6 Apply problem solving and critical thinking skill effectively.
PLO7 Inculcate the interest of lifelong learning and research.
PLO8 Demonstrate leadership and organizational skills in nursing practice.

LO1 LO2 LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6 LO7 LO8
Knowledge Practical Social Ethics, Communi Scientific Lifelong Entrepre
Skill Skill and professio cation, method, learning neurship
/ responsi nalism leadershi problem and and
/ bilities and p & team solving informati manager
humaniti skills and on al skills
/ es critical manage
thinking ment

PLO1 Apply nursing knowledge in /
clinical practice. /
PLO2 Perform safe and competent
nursing practice skills. /
PLO3 Acquire team and /
interpersonal skill that are
appropriate to employment. /
PLO4 Apply ethical professional
and Islamic values in nursing
profession.
PLO5 Communicate the
information and idea to healthcare
professional and community
effectively.
PLO6 Apply problem solving and
critical thinking skill effectively.
PLO7 Inculcate the interest of
lifelong learning and research.
PLO8 Demonstrate leadership and
organizational skills in nursing
practice.

Course Learning Outcome (CLO)

 Penyataan tentang kemampuan pelajar selepas
menamatkan suatu kursus.

 Dinyatakan dalam penyataan yang mengandungi:
1. action verb,
2. condition dan
3. standard.

 Penyataan boleh diukur dan dinilai.
 Boleh dipetakan kepada domain pembelajaran

Taxonomy Bloom.
 Ditulis dengan ayat yang jelas.

3 Components of a Course Outcome

1. VERB (describes what the learner will be doing, or the behaviour)

By the end of this course/semester, students should be able to:
a. describe the principles used in designing X.
b. evaluate the strengths and weakness of …

Avoid these words
Well-written verbs must be (SMART) - understand
- Specific
- Measurable - appreciate
- Achievable - know
- Realistic - learn

- Time frame - aware

- Observable - familiar

3 Components of a Course Outcome
(samb.)

2. CONDITION (context under which the behaviour is to occur)

• describe the principles used in designing X.(V)
• orally describe the principles used in designing X. (V&C)

• design a beam. (V)
• design a beam using Microsoft Excel design template .(V&C)

3 Components of a Course Outcome
(samb.)

3. STANDARD (criteria of acceptable level of performance)

• describe the principles used in designing X.(V)
• orally describe the principles used in designing X. (V&C)
• orally describe the five principles used in designing X. (V&C&S)

• design a concrete beam. (V)
• design a concrete beam using Microsoft Excel worksheet. (V&C)
• design a concrete beam using Microsoft Excel worksheet based

on MS EN 1992-1-1: 2010 (NATIONAL ANNEX) (V&C&S)

Tips Menulis CLO

1. 1 CLO perlu mempunyai:

a. V + C @
b. V + S @
c. V + C + S

2. 1 action verb dalam 1 CLO.
3. Penyataan boleh diukur dan dinilai.

Poor CLOs

Poor:
• Students will understand how to use technology

effectively.

Better:
• Students will be able to use word processing,

spreadsheets, databases, and presentation graphics
in preparing their final research project and report.

Poor CLOs

Poor:
• Students will be able to know the seven steps of the

research process.

Better:
• Students will be able to describe the seven steps of

the research process when writing a paper.

Contoh CLO

Course learning outcomes (CLO):
CLO1: State the microscopic and macroscopic structure of
respiratory and cardiovascular system.
CLO2: Explain the physiology and the systems precisely.
CLO3: Explain the importance of function for the systems.

Contoh CLO

Course learning outcomes (CLO):
CLO 1- Apply the nursing process according to basic needs of
client safe and effectively.
CLO 2- Develop therapeutic relationship among healthcare team,
patients, and community.
CLO 3- Demonstrate the skills of assessing health status basic
needs and clinical problem solving.

Student Learning Time
dan Assessment

? Student Learning Time

(SLT)

• MASA PEMBELAJARAN YANG EFEKTIF.
• MERANGKUMI SEMUA AKTIVITI BAGI MENCAPAI HASIL

PEMBELAJARAN YG SPESIFIK.
• GUIDED AND INDEPENDENT LEARNING.
• LECTURE, TUTORIAL, PRACTICAL, SELF STUDY, RETRIEVE

INFORMATION, PREPARE AND PRODUCE ASSIGNMENTS,
PREPARE AND SITTING FOR EXAMINATIONS.
• 1 KREDIT = 40 NOTIONAL HOURS

? Student Learning Time
(SLT)

(LJM SOP 2018)

MQF Credit System

Lecture Outcome Based Education Content based Learning
Practical 1 Credit = 40 notional hours 1 Credit = 16 contact hours
1 Credit = 2 week 1 Credit = 2 weeks
Practical
(LJM SOP 2018) = 42 hours/week
= max 7 hour/day-day shift
= 10 hours/day-night shift
1 Credit = 80 notional hours
= 40 hours/week
= 7 hours shift duty
= 5 days/week