SPEF - Cleaning - Manual 1

Southern Plus East Fremantle

Basic Principles of Cleaning Procedure

1. Purpose

The purpose of this document is:

 To demonstrate the accepted cleaning procedures that are required in a healthcare setting

 To ensure employees understand and demonstrate how to use the chemicals and equipment
and the reasons for their use

 To ensure employees understand and demonstrate infection control precautions and how
correct work practices enhance them

 To ensure employees understand the need for high standards of cleaning

 To ensure these procedures are followed at all times

 To demonstrate the accepted cleaning procedures that are required in a residential care setting
and to ensure; employees understand and demonstrate how to use the chemicals and equipment
and the reasons for their use; employees understand and demonstrate infection control
precautions and how correct work practices enhance them. Employees understand the need for
high standards of cleaning.

2. Scope

Shared Services

 Human Resources

 HSEQ Advisor
Site/Operations

 Site Manager

3. Steps

When cleaning services are performed by Southern Plus employees, the aim is to:

1. Provide a clean environment;
2. Control the spread of infection;
3. Follow a systematic, simple approach;
4. Prevent build-up of dust to stop germs; and
5. Provide a professional service, treating everyone with respect.

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Residential Basic Principles of Cleaning

When performing our cleaning services, it is the responsibility of all employees to follow the
basic cleaning principles:

Step Description Person
Responsible

Using Chemicals When using chemicals the following principles All Southern Plus
should always be considered: Cleaning Services
Employees
 We try to keep the number of chemicals to a
minimum;

 There are certain chemicals for certain jobs – all
employees need to be trained in the use of each
one;

 Turn and refold when soiled - don’t make the
cloth too wet;

 Do not spray chemicals directly onto the surface,
unwanted chemicals will be in the air, other
surfaces might be sprayed by mistake and the
chemical will be wasted;

 NEVER spray chemicals near food, crockery,
glasses and cutlery or people; and

 ALWAYS follow safe work procedures and wear
correct personal protective equipment.

Dusting Tips  Always use a high duster; All Southern Plus
Cleaning Services
 Using a high duster properly, always make Employees
cleaning more efficient ad safer;

 Make sure the duster head is bent away from the
handle at an acute angle; and

 Important: don’t stand to close to the surface
being cleaned.

If your view of the duster surface is poor, the duster
may not cover the entire surface

Standing further back gives you a much better view
of the surface being cleaned.

How to Dust Surfaces  It is important that the entire surface is covered; All Southern Plus
and Cleaning Services

 Use a continuous stroke from one end of the Employees
surface to the other:

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Residential Basic Principles of Cleaning
Step
Description Person
Responsible

Continuous strokes from one end to the other, All Southern Plus
overlapping slightly Cleaning Services
Employees
 Always remember that dusting is not polishing

 Important – DO NOT use a circular motion as
you will miss some of the surface;

Using a circular motion, you will clean areas more
than once, and you will work harder than you need.

Colour Coding You are not allowed to: All Southern Plus
Cleaning Equipment Cleaning Services
 Store clean items of different colours together Employees
Cleaning is Based on (i.e. They are not to be even touching);
Common Sense
 Store or launder soiled items of different colours
together;

On your housekeeping cart, try:

 Storing the clean clothes in separate plastic bags
and remove each one when required; and

 Using different bags to hold different soiled items
of different colours.

The following information will provide logical cleaning All Southern Plus
steps. It is important that all employees follow them Cleaning Services
carefully as they will help achieve consistently high Employees
standards with the least possible effort.

Consistency (achieving the same high standards
room after room and day after day) is a key word.

The cleaning system will help you achieve your
personal as well as the facility’s goal in providing the
best possible service to your clients. The main
system is known as the ‘Six Cleaning Steps’.

They will be clearly identified on your cleaning
schedule.

The Six Cleaning Steps:

1. Waste Removal

2. Damp – Wiping / Spot Cleaning

3. Bathroom Cleaning

4. Dry Mopping Vacuuming

5. Wet Mopping

6. Inspection

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Residential Basic Principles of Cleaning

Step Description Person
Responsible
The Cleaning Steps
Step 1 – Waste Step 1 – Waste Removal All Southern Plus
Removal Cleaning Services
 Look for visual signs of Infectious waste (clinical Employees
areas) or sharp objects - report any found to our
supervisor / manager;

 When possible empty contents of bin into a
larger waste bag - leave the original bin liner;

 Always replace the liner if soiled e.g. wet due to
partially filled disposable cups and always in
pantries;

 If the liner has been removed, don’t let debris or
dust escape when emptying;

 If removing the bag, tie it up while in the bin;

 It can save time to store a small number of clean
bags in the bin under the liner being used;

 Check and clean the bin as necessary normally
using a determined detergent;

 When putting in a new bag - push out trapped
air; and

 Don’t push the air out of a filled bag or hold a
filled bag against your body.

High Dusting (Only on Scheduled Days) All Southern Plus
Cleaning Services
 It is important to carry out high dusting first to Employees
prevent dust from falling onto lower surfaces if
already cleaned, otherwise you will have to clean
them again;

 Always clean in a clockwise or anti-clockwise
direction;

 Working in one direction you will not:

o Miss any surface;

o Clean surfaces more than once;

o If you have to leave your work you will know

where to re-start and not miss any surface;

o Clean every horizontal surface as you come
to it, even the smallest - gathered dust can
breed germs no matter how big the surface
is.

 Use an impregnated cloth attached to the high
duster or spray the high duster with a neutral
detergent;

 If you can reach high surfaces without straining,
damp wipe using a duster;

 Vents, lights, tops of doors, shelves, pictures and
window frames can all be cleaned using a high
duster;

 Hold on to picture frames with one hand while
dusting to stop it moving; and

 Take care not to touch glass, mirrors or TV
screens with the high dusted treated with the
neutral detergent.

Note: Don’t high dust if people are directly below the
surface being dusted

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Residential Basic Principles of Cleaning

Step Description Person
Step 2 Damp Dusting Responsible
– Spot Cleaning
 Use the same ‘circular’ clockwise or counter All Southern Plus
Step 3 – Bathroom clockwise method described earlier; Cleaning Services
Cleaning Employees
 When you decide which way to work around the
room - STICK WITH IT for every room;

 Remember to fold the cloth and spray it with
neutral detergent;

 Clean every cleared horizontal surface as you
come to it;

 Don’t’ forget - dust gathers on even the smallest
surface (light switches, power points, etc.);

 Soiling left to gather will be harder to remove
later on;

 Check for and clean any marks as you come to
them;

 A stronger chemical may be needed for stubborn
marks;

 Test a small area first - take care not to remove
paint; and

 DON’T use neutral detergent on glass / TVs /
mirrors - it will smear.

Where you are most likely to find marks:

 On doors “near handles” or “push plates”;

 Smudges on windows;

 On walls near light switches; and

 On doors hit by wheelchairs, trolleys, shoes.

 Bathrooms - including sinks, toilets, showers and All Southern Plus
floors must be cleaned thoroughly each day; Cleaning Services
Employees
 Check the shower 1st;

 Spray soap residues with specialised chemical;

 Check especially, below shoulder height, soap
dish, drain and edges;

 Move to sink while chemical reacts (2 to 3 mins);

 Normally spray neutral detergent directly onto
the surface; and

 Clean both inside and out.

Check

 The base of the taps;

 The plughole – join with sink and inside;

 Soap dishes;

 Outside of the sink;

 Pipe-work;

 Use only the specified amount of chemical
cleanser – you will make unnecessary work for
yourself rinsing it away. Only use the cleanser
periodically – not every day unless absolutely
necessary;

 Drips on the outside of the sink or dust on the
pipe-work will dramatically reduce the overall
quality; and

 Next clean the mirror and then go back to the
shower if needed, Remove splashes on the tiles
or sink.

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Residential Basic Principles of Cleaning
Step
Description Person
Responsible

Why Don’t You Clean The Mirror First? All Southern Plus
Cleaning Services
You might splash it when you clean the sink and Employees
need to clean it again.

 Try using dry paper towel or cloth first if liquid is
needed try water;

 If glass cleaning chemical is needed - use as
little as possible - the more you put on the longer
it will take you to wipe off!;

 Start at the top, not lower down - chemical
will run down; and

 The corners are often missed.

Cleaning Toilets All Southern Plus
Cleaning Services
Imagine the room split into a clean area and a Employees
dirty area – clean the clean area first!

YOU MUST dispose of the cloth used to clean the
toilet - do not use it to clean any other surface.

Remember you must wear gloves. If you use rubber
gloves you must be washing them frequently during
cleaning and certainly after you have cleaned a
toilet.

Clean the toilet:

 Cistern, hand rail, toilet holder;

 Top of the seat cover;

 Outside of the bowl and pipework;

 Underside of cover and top of seat;

 Underneath seat; and

 Rim of toilet and beneath water line.

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Residential Basic Principles of Cleaning

Step Description Person
Responsible

Step 4 – Dry Mopping In Corridors All Southern Plus
/ Vacuuming Cleaning Services
 Hold the mop against the wall at a slight inwards Employees
angle;

 Push the length of the corridor (up to about 40
m);

 Turn at the end and repeat in the opposite
direction;

 Overlap on each sweep (approx.. 10cm);

 Don’t lift the mop from the floor; and

 Use a scraper to remove attached spoil;

In Rooms or Confined Spaces

 Select a smaller mop (approx.. 60cm );
 Use the ‘S’ stroke method;
 Overlap with each pass;
 Do not leave piles of dirt to collect later - use

dust pan and brush; and
 When mop is soiled, vacuum or brush off dirt.

Vacuuming (carpeted floors)
 Work from back of room;
 Overlap slightly with each pass;
 Try not to ‘over vacuum’; and
 Vacuum along the edges weekly.

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Step Description Person
Responsible

Step 5 – Wet Mopping In Corridors All Southern Plus
Cleaning Services
 Erect ‘Wet Floor’ sign(s); Employees

 Place mop against wall;

 Move along length of corridor (up to 30m max.);

 If no skirting, take care not to soil wall;

 Use ‘S’ Stroke walking backwards to beginning -
keep away from wall;

 Complete half corridor at one time - unless it is
closed; and

 Repeat on other side.

In Rooms and Confined Spaces

 Erect ‘Wet Floor’ sign;

 Wring out mop well and draw it along walls;

 Start ‘S’ Stroke from back of room;

 Move light furniture as you go or mop under
them;

 Make sure walls, doors and furniture are not
splashed;

 Split larger rooms into sections; and

 Change water frequently - about every four
patient rooms or earlier if the water is dirty.

Hold the handle upright and close to the body -
Keep your back as straight as you can = less
strain on it

Always keep the leading edge pointing in the
direction you are mopping and turn it with the ‘S’
stroke

IMPORTANT All Southern Plus
Cleaning Services
 Change water frequently to maintain infection Employees
control;

 You will spread germs from area to area; and

 Mop with dirty water and the floor could be dirtier
when it dries than before you started.

Step 6 – Your One of the most important steps in cleaning takes All Southern Plus
Inspection only seconds. Cleaning Services
Employees
ASK YOURSELF - Have you completed each task
successfully?

 Missed one of the steps?

 Satisfied with the quality?

 Replaced furniture?

Find a problem - Correct It!

OPPORTUNITIES FOR IMPROVEMENT

 See something that needs repair - report it by
completing an Opportunity For Improvement
Report; and

 Report faults to your supervisor the same day,
but REPORT DANGEROUS FAULTS
IMMEDIATELY.

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Residential Basic Principles of Cleaning

Document Control

Revision Description of Revision Date Owner Approver
1.0 First release 18/05/2018 Natasha Keirnan Carol Bain

Related Legislation and Standards

Legislation / Standard
Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing: Infection Control Guidelines for the
Prevention of Infectious Diseases in the Health Care Setting, January 2004

Cleaning Standards for Victorian Public Hospitals 2000, Revised February 2005

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Cleaning Daily Procedure

If issues are identified please report them urgently to the Hospitality Lead

BEDROOMS 
1. Check trolley is stocked with micro fibre & chemicals
2. Start at the admin toilets, clean toilets- fill hand wash and paper towels, front offices and 

foyer empty rubbish bins, wipe door handles, glass sliding doors, metal frames, chairs, dust 
picture frames, window sills, , skirting, stables, vacuum floors
3. Richmond area – clean area as per foyer, dust wood feature wall and library. Clean 
kitchenette and sink area, ensure furniture is arranged correctly 
4. Clean public toilets all the way to the nurses station, vacuum hallways and clean hallway 
sinks 
5. Wipe and vacuum elevator 

6. Clean all resident rooms in Richmond corridor 
7. Clean Preston point public toilets, vacuum hallways, wipe nurses station, hand rails, 

skirtings 
8. Clean all resident rooms in Preston point 
9. Clean next nurses station, café, vacuum hallway and theatre including chairs and hallway 

sink 
10. Clean client rooms, vacuum hallways, skirtings, hand rails etc.

11. Clean hairdresser, private dining, fine dining, public toilets, vacuum and mop floors 

12. Clean staff room including kitchen area, table, toilets 

13. Vacuum delivery area, meeting rooms, mop hallway, clean sills, empty bins

14. Do a second round of public toilets checking paper towel, hand soap, toilet paper

15. Check hallways to see if any need re-vacuuming

16. Ask manager if there are any additional jobs that need completing

17. Clean trolley, empty rubbish, stock for tomorrow

Room Cleaning

1. Park trolley inside room as not to block hallway
2. Clean bathroom with microfiber & water, chemicals once a week, special attention to

toilets, behind toilets, sinks, corners & floor
3. Dust room and empty bins

4. Vacuum floors including door runners

5. Wipe skirtings, windows, side tables, door handles, doors

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Residential Cleaning Daily

Document Control

Revision Description of Revision Date Owner Approver

1.0 First release 19/09/2018 GM Service Delivery GM Service Delivery

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Cleaning Equipment Procedure

1. Purpose

The purpose of this document is:

 To ensure that cleaning equipment and tools are kept in a clean and workable condition.

2. Scope

Site/Operations

 Cleaning Staff

 Hospitality Lead

3. Steps

Cleaning Equipment
Includes all mechanical and hand equipment, cleaning trolleys, and all appropriate signage
required for cleaning.
Staff's responsibility:

 To ensure all cleaning equipment/areas etc. are clean and tidy at all times particularly at the end
of the shift;

 To report all faulty, broken or damaged equipment to Cleaning and Environmental Services
Manager / Supervisor so equipment can be repaired or replaced. This provides a safe working
environment and reduces risks to yourself and other staff members; and

 To replace all consumables ready for the next shift and your fellow team members.
The following is a list of practical steps to ensure that cleaning equipment and tools are kept in a
clean and workable condition:

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Residential Cleaning Equipment

Step Daily/After Use
Brush - Scrubbing Description

 Wash out in warm water and neutral detergent;
 Rinse in warm water; and
 Shake and store.

Brush – Toilet  Rinse in running water after use;
 Shake dry; and
 Store on hook provided in the area.

Micro fibre  Microfibre to be cleaned in accordance with manufacture instructions

Cleaner’s Storage Area All cleaning storage areas must be kept locked when not working in the
room.

Daily
 Clean the sink and sluice; and
 Tidy the floor
Weekly
 Damp mop the floor.
Monthly
 Clean all the horizontal surfaces and scrub the floor surface; and
 Clean vents.

Microfibre Cleaning Cloths Dirty cloths and mops are to be removed daily and taken to dirty linen area,
and Mops clean un-used mops and cloths are to be returned the cleaning stores.

Cleaning Trolley  To be damp cleaned daily and stocks replenished for the next shift;
Consumables  No personal items are to be placed on the trolley;
 All cleaning chemicals are to be labelled and stored appropriately; and
 Lids on pour bottles closed etc.

 Replenish as required; and
 Ensure sufficient supplies are left available in areas such as liquid hand

soap, paper hand towels, paper rolls and toilet rolls.

Electrical Equipment  Check all electrical equipment for up to date tagging;

 Check all leads and power outlets for cuts or faults before and after use;

 Ensure the machine and power point is switched off before plugging into
power point;

 Wipe over the outside of the machines including the electrical cord prior
to storing in the appropriate area; and

 Report all faults immediately.

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Residential Cleaning Equipment

Step Daily/After Use
Vacuum Cleaner
Description
Equipment Faults
 Check vacuum bag weekly or more frequently if required;
Replacement cleaning  Disposal of full bags into general waste;
supplies from the Cleaning  Replace filters when required; and
Services Office  Clean floor tools and brushes by removing all threads etc.

Cleaning Services Equipment:
 Report all equipment faults to Cleaning and Environmental Services

Manager / Supervisor.

 Vacuum bags / filters for the upright vacuum;
 Brushes toilet;
 Mops;
 Safety glasses;
 Leather gloves / wiz bin;
 Liners / wiz bin;
 Tape / rubber bands / for waste and linen;
 Consumables; and
 Cleaning chemicals.
If you are unsure please ask the Hospitality Lead.

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Residential Cleaning Equipment

Document Control

Revision Description of Revision Date Owner Approver
Carol Bain
1.0 First release 24/05/2018 Natasha Keirnan

Supporting Documents Document Title
Infection Control
Document No.
SCC-RIS-FOR-0012

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Cleaning of Bathrooms and Procedure
Amenities with Micro Fibre

1. Purpose

The purpose of this document is:

 To ensure that the Cleaning Services provided by Southern Plus meet the Client’s expectation as
documented in the contract.

 To minimise potential for cross infection and maintain bacterial control.

 To ensure correct cleaning equipment is used.

 To ensure all fixtures, fittings in bathrooms and amenities are free from soil, soap and body fluids.
Furthermore to ensure that all consumable items are in sufficient supply and waste removed.

 To ensure all hard floors are cleaned efficiently without harming the surface.

 This procedure is to be used at all times when cleaning of bathrooms and amenities are
performed.

2. Scope

Site/Operations

 Cleaning Staff
 Hospitality Lead

3. Steps

When performing our cleaning services, it is the responsibility of all employees to follow these
steps:

Step Gather Required Equipment Person Responsible
1. Step One  Gloves;
 Damp clean red cleaning cloth in line with Infection All Southern Plus
2. Step Two Cleaning Services
3. Step Three Control Policy; and Employees
 Correct cleaning agent.
All Southern Plus
Waste Removal Cleaning Services
 Ensure all waste is removed. Employees

Chemicals All Southern Plus
 Ensure you are using a separate cloth, and the Cleaning Services
Employees
appropriate chemical for each toilet and prior to
moving to different location / area.

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Residential Cleaning of Bathrooms and Amenities with Micro Fibre

Step Person Responsible

4. Step Four Cleaning of Toilets All Southern Plus
Cleaning Services
 When finished with the toilet brush it is to be rinsed, Employees
then shake out the excess water and placed to dry;

 Cleaning the toilet includes the toilet bowl, seat and
lid, cistern and fittings;

 Neutral detergent can be used on the rest of the toilet
area;

 Wipe dry with a clean dry red cloth; and

 The toilet areas are to be checked at the beginning of
the shift, tidy if required, then cleaned thoroughly
during the shift.

5. Step Five Cleaning of Hand Basins / Sinks All Southern Plus
Cleaning Services
 Clean hand basins / sinks and fittings using correct Employees
chemical and microfibre

 All areas are to be wiped dry with a clean dry red
cloth.

6. Step Six Cleaning of Shower Areas All Southern Plus
Cleaning Services
 Use assigned chemical on a daily basis for cleaning; Employees

 Wipe surfaces dry after cleaning; and

 It is important for walls and tiles to be kept as dry as
possible to avoid problems with mildew

7. Step Seven Cleaning of Windows / Mirrors All Southern Plus
Cleaning Services
 Clean mirrors using water only; Employees

 Wipe dry with a glass cleaning cloth;

 Clean windows / glass panels as above or use a
squeegee; and

 Exterior high windows can be cleaned with
extendable brush\squeegee system.

8. Step Eight Cleaning and Restocking of Soap / Hand Towel All Southern Plus
Dispensers Cleaning Services
Employees
 Clean with assigned chemical and red cleaning cloth;
and

 On replacing contents wipe inside of container to
remove any dust / paper towel or soap build up.

There are a number of different processes that are used to clean hard floor surfaces in the
Facility.

Depending on the Cleaning Services Schedule for a particular area all or some of the following
may apply:

 Dust mopping;
 Damp mopping; and
 Floor scrubbing using machines and sweeping.

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Residential Cleaning of Bathrooms and Amenities with Micro Fibre

Procedural Steps

Step Description

Microfibre Dry Mop Floor  Remove remaining dust and litter from all hard floor surfaces
including floor edges and corners using a dry Micro-fibre mop;

 Only a clean dry mop to be used;

 Always mop in a figure 8 pattern and position the Mop close to the
torso and keep back straight;

 After use remove litter collected from the floor using banister brush
and dustpan; and

 Store the mop upright; remove the mop head after each use.

Microfibre Damp Mop Floor  Equipment available: mop and measuring jug;

 Remove soil and dirt from hard floor surfaces;

 Wet floor warning signs must always be displayed, prior and during
damp mopping process and removed once the floor is dry;

 When using the mop it is to be reasonably dry to help reduce risks
of slips and falls and using correct microfiber procedure; and

 When mopping it is important to maintain correct body posture.
Stand upright and keep your mop close to you and do not stretch
out.

Spot Mop  As part of the check cleaning process, remove spots, spillage or
ingrained dirt from hard floors using the same method as for damp
mopping; and

 Nursing staff are responsible for the process of cleaning spillages of
urine, faeces, vomit or blood in clinical areas.

Desired Result The floor is free of dust, grit, litter, other build up (different types
of floors will require different maintenance).

Vinyl Covered Floors  Micro-fibre damp mop with neutral detergent and water
Surfaces

Stairwells  Stairwells are swept with a Dust-pan and brush, and damp mopped
on a weekly basis or as required.

Ceramic Tiles/Non Slip  Ceramic tiles, and non-slip vinyl floors, such as bathrooms, toilets,
Vinyl showers, and dirty utility rooms, are damp mopped daily.

 Remove litter with dustpan and brush; and

 These floors should never be sealed and nothing should ever be
used to make these floors slippery.

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Residential Cleaning of Bathrooms and Amenities with Micro Fibre

Oates Colour Coding for Safer Cleaning General Cleaning
 Developed in accordance with industry standards Kitchen Areas
 Reduces the risk of cross-contamination
 Simple and easy to understand method Bathroom Areas
 Ensures the right product is used to clean the right zone Infectious Areas
 Minimise the risk of bacteria transfer
 Improve hygiene levels
 Increase product longevity by only using when and where

necessary

How To Use Dx1 Pads

 Place the pads upright in empty bucket

 Pour in solution (100ml/ per pad)

 Lay pads flat on their back so microfibre is facing up (this allows for
solution to penetrate pad)

 When ready to mop, turn the pads over and use the telescopic
handle to pickup

How To Use Flat Mop

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Residential Cleaning of Bathrooms and Amenities with Micro Fibre

Dx1 Specifications & Care
Care Instructions:
 Wash DX1 Pad separately in hot soapy water (up to 60⁰C), rinse and allow to drip dry (preferred).

Can also be machine dried quickly on a delicate setting.
 Machine washable in hot water (up to 60⁰C).
 Place DX1 Pad in laundry bag to help avoid linting.
 Rinse thoroughly and roll the pad whilst gently squeezing to remove excess water.
 Wash or rinse DX1 Pad often to avoid dirt and dust build-up.
 Hang to dry in a well aired place, preferably outside.
 Ensure the pads are thoroughly dried after being washed.
Important:
 Do not use fabric softener, chlorine or bleach solutions and Do not iron

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Residential Cleaning of Bathrooms and Amenities with Micro Fibre

Document Control

Revision Description of Revision Date Owner Approver
1.0 First release 21/05/2018 Natasha Keirnan Carole Bain

Supporting Documents

Document No. Document Title
Southern Cross Care Waste Management Document

Australian Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of infection in
Healthcare (2010)

Environmental Cleaning Policy PD 2012_061

NSW Health, Environmental Cleaning Standard Operating Procedures

WA Infection Control and Prevention in Residential Care

Standard for Cleaning Services NSW Department of Health August, 1996

http://www.cec.health.nsw.gov.au/programs/hai

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Cleaning Standards (Elements) Procedure

1. Purpose

The purpose of this document is to ensure correct cleaning standards are identified and
communicated.

Items to be cleaned in a residential care setting have been broken down into 14 generic
elements. It is critical that the elements are cleaned to the required standard. These standards
are to be used at all times when cleaning is performed.

2. Scope

Shared Services

 Internal Audit Team
Site/Operations

 Hospitality Lead

3. Cleaning Standards (Elements)

The Tables below are example cleaning standards based on the “Elements” prescribed in the
Cleaning Standards for Victorian Public Hospitals 2000, Revised February 2005.

3.1 Building

Element Requirement

External fire  Landings, ramps, stairwells, fire exits, steps, entrances, porches, patios, and
features, and stairwells balconies, eaves, external light fittings are free of dust, grit, dirt,
exits leaves, cobwebs, rubbish, cigarette butts and bird excreta;
stairwells
 Handrails are clean and free of stains; and

 Garden furniture is clean and operational.

Walls, skirtings  Internal and external walls and ceilings are free of dust, grit, lint, soil, film and
and ceilings cobwebs;

 Walls and ceilings are free of marks caused by furniture, equipment or staff;

 Light switches are free of fingerprints, scuffs and any other marks;
 Light covers and diffusers are free of dust, grit, lint and cobwebs; and

 Polished surfaces are of a uniform lustre.

Windows  External and internal surfaces of glass are clear of all streaks, spots and marks,
including fingerprints and smudges; and

 Window frames, tracks and ledges are clear and free of dust, grit, marks and
spots.

Doors  Internal and external doors and doorframes are free of dust, grit, lint, soil, film,
fingerprints and cobwebs;

 Doors and doorframes are free of marks caused by furniture, equipment or staff;
 Air vents, relief grilles and other ventilation outlets are kept unblocked and free

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Residential Cleaning Standards (Elements)

of dust, grit, soil, film, cobwebs, scuffs and any other marks;
 Door tracks and door jambs are free of grit and other debris; and
 Polished surfaces are of a uniform lustre.

Element Requirement

Hard Floors  The floor is free of dust, grit, litter, marks and spots, water or other liquids;

 The floor is free of polish or other build-up at the edges and corners or in traffic
lanes;

 The floor is free of spots, scuffs or scratches on traffic lanes, around furniture
and at pivot points;

 Inaccessible areas (edges, corners and around furniture) are free of dust, grit,
lint and spots;

 Polished or buffed floors are of a uniform lustre; and

 Appropriate signage and precautions are taken regarding pedestrian safety of
newly cleaned or wet floors.

Soft Floors  The floor is free of dust, grit, litter, marks and spots, water or other liquids;

 The floor is free of stains, spots, scuffs or scratches on traffic lanes around
furniture and at pivot points;

 Inaccessible areas (edges, corners and around furniture) are free of dust, grit,
lint and spots; and

 Where carpets are vacuumed / cleaned, this is done in accordance with section
5 of Australian Standard No. 3733.

Ducts, Grills  All ventilation outlets are kept unblocked and free of dust, grit, soil, film,
and Vents cobwebs, scuffs and any other marks; and

 All ventilation outlets are kept clear and uncluttered following cleaning.

3.2 Fixtures

Element Requirement
Electrical
Fixtures  Electrical fixtures and appliances are free of grease, dirt, dust, encrustations, marks,
and stains and cobwebs.
Appliances
 Electrical fixtures and appliances are kept free from signs of use or non-use.
Furnishings
and  Hygiene standards are satisfied where the fixture or appliance is used in food
Fixtures preparation.

 Rangehoods (interior and exterior) and exhaust filters are free of grease and dirt on
inner and outer surfaces.

 Motor vents etc. are clean and free of dust and lint.

 Drinking fountains are clean and free of stains and mineral build-up.

 Insect killing devices are free of dead insects, and are clean and functional.

 Hard surface furniture is free of spots, soil, film, dust, fingerprints and spillages.

 Soft surface furniture is free from stains, soil, film and dust.

 Furniture legs, wheels and castors are free from mop strings, soil, film, dust and
cobwebs.

 Inaccessible areas (edges, corners, folds and crevices) are free of dust, grit, lint and
spots.

 All high surfaces are free from dust and cobwebs.
 Curtains, blinds and drapes are free from stains, dust, cobwebs, lint and signs of use

or non-use.

 Equipment is free of tapes / plastic etc. which may compromise cleaning.

 Furniture has no odour that is distasteful or unpleasant.

 Shelves, benchtops, cupboards and wardrobes / lockers are clean inside and out
and free of dust and litter or stains.

 Internal plants are free of dust and litter.

 Waste / rubbish bins or containers are clean inside and out, free of stains and
mechanically intact.

 Fire extinguishers and fire alarms are free of dust, grit, dirt and cobwebs.

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Element Requirement
Pantry
Fixtures  Fixtures, surfaces and appliances are free of grease, dirt, dust, encrustations, marks,
and stains and cobwebs.
Appliances
 Electrical and cooking fixtures and appliances are kept free from signs of use or non-
Toilets and use.
Bathroom
Fixtures  Motor vents etc. are clean and free of dust and lint.
 Refrigerators / freezers are clean and free of ice build-up.

 Note: kitchens are not included in the cleaning standards. Kitchens are audited as
part of State Based Legislative requirements.

 Porcelain and plastic surfaces are free from smudges, smears, body fats, soap build-
up and mineral deposits;

 Metal surfaces, shower screens and mirrors are free from streaks, soil, smudges,
soap build-up and oxide deposits;

 Wall tiles and wall fixtures (including soap and cream dispensers and towel holders)
are free of dust, grit, smudges / streaks, mould, soap build-up and mineral deposits;

 Shower curtains and bath mats are free from stains, smudges, smears, odours,
mould and body fats;

 Plumbing fixtures are free of smudges, dust, soap build-up and mineral deposits;
 Bathroom fixtures are free from odours which are distasteful or unpleasant;

 Polished surfaces are of a uniform lustre;

 Sanitary disposal units are clean and functional.; and
 Consumable items are in sufficient supply.

3.3 Patient Equipment

Element Requirement

Patient  Equipment is free from soil, smudges, dust, fingerprints, grease and spillages;
Equipment  Equipment is free of tapes / plastic etc. which may compromise cleaning;
 Equipment legs, wheels and castors are free from mop strings, soil, film, dust and

cobwebs;
 Equipment has no odour that is distasteful or unpleasant; and
 Equipment is free from signs of non-use.

3.4 Environment

Element Requirement

General  The area appears tidy and uncluttered;
Tidiness  Floor space is clear, only occupied by furniture and fittings designed to sit on the floor;
 Furniture is maintained in a fashion which allows for cleaning; and
Odour  Fire access and exit doors are left clear and unhindered.
Control
 The area smells fresh;
 There is no odour that is distasteful or unpleasant; and
 Room deodorisers are clean and functional.

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Document Control

Revision Description of Revision Date Owner Approver

1.0 First release 22/05/2018 Natasha Keirnan Carole Bain

Supporting Documents

Document No. Document Title

Client Contract

Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing: Infection
Control Guidelines for the Prevention of Transmission Of Infectious
Diseases in the Health Care Setting, January 2004

Cleaning Standards For Victorian Public Hospitals 2000, Revised
February 2005

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General Cleaning – Hard Floor Procedure
Surfaces

1. Purpose

The purpose of this document is:

 To ensure all hard floors are cleaned efficiently without harming the surface.
 To ensure that the Cleaning Services provided by Southern Plus meet the Client’s expectation

as documented in the contract.
 To minimise potential for cross infection and maintain bacterial control.
 To ensure correct cleaning equipment is used.
This procedure must be followed at all times when general cleaning hard floor surfaces is
performed.

2. Scope

Site/Operations

 Cleaning Staff
 Hospitality Lead

3. Steps

There are a number of different processes that are used to clean hard floor surfaces in the
Hospital.
Depending on the Cleaning Services Schedule for a particular area all or some of the following
may apply:

 Dust mopping;
 Damp mopping; and
 Floor scrubbing using machines and sweeping.

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Residential General Cleaning – Hard Floor Surfaces

Procedural Steps:

Step Description

Microfibre Dry Mop Floor  Remove remaining dust and litter from all hard floor surfaces
including floor edges and corners using a dry Micro-fibre mop;

 Only a clean dry mop to be used;

 Always mop in a figure 8 pattern and position the Mop close to the
torso and keep back straight;

 After use remove litter collected from the floor using banister brush
and dustpan; and

 Store the mop upright, remove the mop head after each use.

Microfibre Damp Mop Floor  Equipment available: mop and water bottle;

 Remove soil and dirt from hard floor surfaces;

 Wet floor warning signs must always be displayed, prior and during
damp mopping process and removed once the floor is dry;

 When using the mop it is to be reasonably dry to help reduce risks of
slips and falls; and

 When mopping it is important to maintain correct body posture.
Stand upright and keep your mop close to you and do not stretch
out.

Spot Mop  As part of the check cleaning process, remove spots, spillage or
ingrained dirt from hard floors using the same method as for damp
mopping; and

 Nursing staff are responsible for the process of cleaning spillages of
urine, faeces, vomit or blood in clinical areas.

Desired Result: The floor is free of dust, grit, litter, other build up (different types
of floors will require different maintenance).

Vinyl Covered Floors  Micro-fibre damp mop with neutral detergent and water.
Surfaces

Stairwells  Stairwells are swept with a Dust-pan and brush, and damp mopped
on a weekly basis or as required.

Ceramic Tiles/Non Slip  Ceramic tiles, and non-slip vinyl floors, such as bathrooms, toilets,
Vinyl showers, and dirty utility rooms, are damp mopped daily.

 Remove litter with dustpan and brush; and

 These floors should never be sealed and nothing should ever be
used to make these floors slippery.

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Document Control Date Owner Approver
Revision Description of Revision 22/05/2018 Natasha Keirnan Carole Bain
1.0 First release

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General Cleaning – Soft Floor Procedure
Surfaces

1. Purpose

The purpose of this document is to ensure all soft floors and carpets are cleaned efficiently
without harming the surface.

2. Scope

Site/Operations

 Cleaning Staff
Site Manager

3. Steps

There are a number of different processes that are used to clean soft floor surfaces in the
Hospital. Depending on the Cleaning Services Schedule for a particular area all or some of the
following may apply:

 Vacuuming;
 Removal of spots and spillages; and
 Periodic carpet extraction.

Step Description
1. Remove Litter
 Litter which cannot or should not be removed by a vacuum
2. Vacuum Clean cleaner is to be collected with a dustpan and brush

 Remove dust and soil using vacuum equipment complying
with filtration standard in patient areas;

 This process includes all soft floor surfaces, edges and
corners; and

 Check filters and replace per manufacturer’s instructions.

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Step Description

3. Remove Spots and  Inspect area and remove all visible litter;
Spillages  Remove spills and stains from soft floor covering using as

appropriate spill kits provided in designated areas;
 Ensure wet floor caution signs are visible during cleaning

and drying process;
 Vacuum carpet area when dry; and
 Using as appropriate, the carpet extraction or spotter

machine (available via Cleaning and Environmental
Services Manager / Supervisor.

4. Carpet Clean (Periodically)  Vacuum carpet prior to carpet clean;
 Place wet floor danger signs prior to cleaning;
 Spot clean heavy stains;
 Follow manufacturer’s instructions with chemical dilution;
 Use fans where possible to assist drying time / Good

ventilation is required; and

 Vacuum carpet when dry.

Desired Result:  The floor is free of soil and stains.

Carpet:  All carpet floors are to have a full vacuum weekly and high
traffic vacuum daily;

 Carpets are to be shampooed every 12 to 24 months or on
a needs basis.

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Document Control Date Owner Approver
Revision Description of Revision Michael Jordon
1.0 First release 22/05/2018 Natasha Keirnan

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General Cleaning – Administration Procedure
Areas

1. Purpose

The purpose of this document is:

 To ensure correct procedures are followed to maintain high standards of cleaning and to ensure
employees understand correct cleaning procedures

 To ensure that the Cleaning Services provided by Southern Plus meet the Client’s expectation
as documented in the contract.

 To minimise potential for cross infection and maintain bacterial control.

 To ensure correct cleaning equipment is used.
These steps should be followed at all times when general cleaning of administration areas is
performed.

2. Scope

Site/Operations

 Cleaning Staff
 Hospitality Lead

3. Steps

Step Description

1. Office Areas  Microfibre Trolley (stocked appropriately);
 Detachable Mop;
 Micro-fibre general cleaning cloths; and
 Neutral detergent.

2. Waste Removal  Remove all the waste in the area daily.

3. Note: Break the following  High dusting in the areas;
tasks up so that each day
you do enough to complete  Damp dusting of all fixtures, furnishing and horizontal surfaces, chairs
them all on a weekly basis.  (including legs), phones and filing cabinets; and

Full carpet vacuum (this includes under furniture and behind doors and

along edges).

4. Staff Kitchenettes: Daily  Remove all waste;

 Check and restock consumables where necessary;

 Wipe down horizontal surfaces and the outside of microwaves, fridges
; and

 Damp Mop floor.

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Residential General Cleaning – Administration Areas

Step Description
5. Staff Bathrooms: Daily
 Remove all waste, and restock consumables where necessary; and
 Clean bathroom as per procedure Cleaning Bathrooms and Amenities.

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Document Control

Revision Description of Revision Date Owner Approver

1.0 First release 22/05/2018 Natasha Keirnan Carol Bain

Supporting Documents Document Title
Document No.
Australian Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of infection
in Healthcare (2010)

Environmental Cleaning Policy PD 2012_061

NSW Infection Control Policy PD 2007_36

NSW Health, Environmental Cleaning Standard Operating
Procedures.

Standard for Cleaning Services NSW Department of Health
August, 1996

http://www.cec.health.nsw.gov.au/programs/hai

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High Level Infection Control Procedure
Cleaning

1. Purpose

The purpose of this document is:

 To ensure that high level source isolation and infection cleans are completed efficiently
 To ensure that the Cleaning Services provided by Southern Plus meet the Client’s expectation

as documented in the contract.
 To minimise potential for cross infection and maintain bacterial control.
 To ensure correct cleaning equipment is used.
This procedure should be used at all times when high level isolation room cleaning is
performed.

2. Scope

Site/Operations

 Cleaning Staff
 Hospitality Lead
 Clinical Lead

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Residential High Level Infection Control Cleaning

3. Steps

Correct colour coded cleaning equipment is to be used at all times:

1. High Level Isolation indicates that the patient in the room is highly infectious; and

2. High Level Isolation Signage - At the patient door there will be colour coded signage,
which indicates why the patient is isolated. Please refer to the coloured signage for details.

Step Description

1 Check with Nurse Staff member to check with nurse prior to commencing cleaning

2 Daily Cleaning Daily cleaning seven (7) days per week by cleaner

3 Collect Required Collect all the required equipment for the isolation clean.
Equipment Equipment required for EACH isolation room:
 Detachable mop head and handle;
 Microfibre high dusting tool;
 Microfibre cleaning cloths moistened with water; and
 Chemicals.

PPE Required  Put on disposable gloves (place in bin on completion and before
leaving the room);

 Long sleeved plastic gown is to be worn. (place in bin on completion
and before leaving the room);

 Mask; and

 Safety glasses

4 Equipment  Move the cleaners trolley as close to the door as possible so that you
Preparation have access to it without exiting the room;

 Wipe high dusting tool and mop handles with neutral detergent;

 Wipe over cleaner bottles;

 Fit clean detachable mop head and high dusting tool to handles;

 Moisten cloths with water;

 Wash hands at nearest sink with soap OR rub hands with alcohol
based hand rub;

 Put disposable gloves on; and

 Proceed into the room

5 Cleaning the Patient’s  Always work around the room starting with the tasks at the top of the
Room
room and working your way down and towards the doorway;

 Empty rubbish bin in patient room and remove and replace patient
waste bag and rubbish bin lining;

 Wipe all horizontal surfaces, including:

o Ledges;

o Furniture;

o Flat surfaces;

o Bed;

o Sills;

o Door tops;

o Windows; and

o Door handles with moistened cloths;

 Check back of the refrigerator for dust and dirt; and

 Clean the outside surface of the air conditioning vents

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Residential High Level Infection Control Cleaning

Step Description

6 Cleaning the En-Suite  Empty rubbish bin. Remove and replace bin lining;
(clean last)
 Wipe all horizontal surfaces and door handles (including towel, toilet

paper and soap dispensers);

 Clean the hand basin and fittings including mirrors;

 Wipe over front of automatic flusher / sanitiser when finished sterilising.
This is important as otherwise this unit could be hot to touch. (if
applicable); and

 Clean the toilet and fittings.

7 Mopping the Floor  Damp mop the floor in the patient’s room from furthest point to the
door.

8 Leaving the Room  Place mop head, high dusting tool heads and cloths into transparent
plastic bag and then into blue trolley bag;

 Remove and dispose of used gloves into general waste bag and rub
hands with alcohol based hand rub;

 Remove disposable apron and place in general waste bag and rub
hands with alcohol based hand rub;

 Remove and wipe safety glasses and rub hands with alcohol based
hand rub;

 Remove mask if one was required and rub hands with alcohol based
hand rub;

 Take all other used equipment to cleaners room and rub hands with
alcohol based hand rub;

 Put on new gloves;

 Wipe over all chemical pour bottles taken into patient room;

 Wipe mop handle with alcohol wipe;

 Remove gloves; and

 Wash hands at nearest sink with soap OR rub hands with alcohol
based hand rub.

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Document Control

Revision Description of Revision Date Owner Approver
1.0 First release 22/05/2018 Natasha Keirnan Carol Bain

Supporting Documents

Document No. Document Title

44945_Decitex_Training_V11_EXT

Influenza Outbreak Procedure Southern Cross Care

Infection Controls Self Directed learning Southern Cross Carte

Australian Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of infection in
Healthcare (2010)
Environmental Cleaning Policy PD 2012_061
NSW Health, Environmental Cleaning Standard Operating Procedures
NSW Infection Control Policy PD 2007_36
Standard for Cleaning Services NSW Department of Health August, 1996

http://www.cec.health.nsw.gov.au/programs/hai

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Laundry Considerations and Washing Procedure
Parameters

1. Purpose

The purpose of this document is to outline the principles and parameters of laundering.

2. Scope

Site/Operations
 Hospitality Lead

3. Procedures

3.1 Part A – Laundry Considerations
Textiles become soiled or stained to a degree determined by their use.
Soil and stains differ only in their ease of removal. Soil can be removed in normal laundering.
Stains require separate treatment with chemicals.

Types of Soil
Soil may be categorized into five groups, as follows:

 Soluble (e.g. soft drink, sugar, salt, perspiration);
 Protein (e.g. food residues, faecal matter, blood, urine);
 Particulate (solid) (e.g. clay and other earths, dust, carbon);
 Oily (e.g. fat and oil, candle grease, cosmetics, ointments, mineral oil, grease); and
 Acidic (eg. due to oxidation and other degradative processes, Items (a), (b) and (d) above are

usually slightly acidic).
These soil types are not mutually exclusive. Usually at least two of Items (a), (b), (c) or (d) are
present together. Gravy, for example, generally contains meat juice (protein), fat, soluble
materials such as salt, and carbohydrates. Salad dressing generally contains oily, soluble,
acidic and protein types of soil.

Soil Removal
The mechanism of soil removal involves the following stages:

 Wetting and penetration of the fabric by the water, with the aid of laundry chemicals;
 Separation of the soil from the fabric by:

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Residential Laundry Considerations and Washing Parameters

o Solution of soluble soil;

o Solution/dispersion of protein soil;

o Dispersion of solid soil;

o Emulsification of oily soil; and

o Neutralisation of acidic soil.
However, the process of soil removal in the wash operations is governed by at least the
following independent factors:

o Time;

o Temperature;

o Concentration of laundry chemicals;

o Mechanical action; and

o Liquor ratio.
For the successful removal of soil, these factors should be balanced. If, for instance, (and this is
not recommended) agitation is reduced (e.g. by overloading the machine and thereby restricting
proper movement of the fabric) then time, temperature or laundry chemical concentration should
be increased separately or in combination to allow for the total combined effect.
Similarly, if the temperature is reduced, more time, more laundry chemical or more agitation
would be required for equivalent soil removal.
Water (dip) level has an effect on soil removal independent of its effect on mechanical action. In
instances of very low water levels, insufficient water will be present to adequately suspend the
soil.
The aim of good washing is to obtain maximum soil removal with minimum fabric damage.
It is desirable to obtain good soil removal with the final finish, colour, handling and appearance
of the fabric as close to new as possible.

Care of Textiles
In caring for textiles, consideration should be given to fibre type, fabric structure and garment
structure.

Fibre type
There are three broad groups of fibres:
1. Cellulosic Fibres
The following precautions should be taken with cellulosic fibres:

 Avoid excessive agitation and handling of wet viscose fabric, because of its poor wet strength;
and

 Avoid overexposure of linen (flax) to excessive chlorine bleach as that may cause it to
‘cottonise’ (i.e. to undergo chemical damage due to exposure of the linen to chlorine bleach).

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2. Protein Fibres
The following precautions should be taken with protein fibres:

 Avoid alkalis and chlorine bleaches, as they chemically damage the fibre;

 Avoid excessive agitation, as this causes felting and, in the case of wool, which has poor wet
strength, it may cause fibre breakage;

 Avoid excessive heat in pressing, as this causes fibre yellowing and fibre brittleness;

 Avoid excessive heat in washing, as this increases the chances of felting, and

 May cause chemical damage to the fibre.
3. Synthetic And Cellulose Ester Fibres
The following precautions should be taken with synthetic and cellulose esters:

 Avoid excessive heat, because the thermoplasticity of synthetic and cellulose ester fibres
causes them to be distorted by heat, some more easily than others;

 Polyacronitrile and cellulose esters are the most heat-sensitive of the common apparel fibres.
Polyolefins (e.g. polypropylenes and polythenes) and the polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-type fibres
should not be exposed to heat. The heat-set temperatures used for cellulose esters (e.g.
acetate) and polyacronitrile (e.g. acrylic) may be exceeded if care is not taken;

 Avoid direct contact of linen with high alkaline concentrated washing powders, because they
can cause segmentation of elastomerics and the loss of their holding power, chemical changes
in cellulose esters (e.g. acetate) which leads to a change in lustre (which is non-reversible) and
causes polyester to slowly dissolve;

 Avoid steam (e.g. from an iron), because it may cause changes in lustre;

 Ensure that chlorine bleaches do not affect synthetic fibres because chlorine tends to cause
these fibres to yellow; and

 Follow solvent labelling instructions because some synthetic fibres are affected by common
solvents, e.g. acetone will dissolve acetate fibre (acetone is the solvent used in nail polish
remover).

Fabric Structure

Three of the most common structures of fabric are as follows:
1. Woven Fabrics
Woven fabrics are the most stable fabric type, but loosely woven structures made from bulky
low-twist yarns may give the following problems:

 Yarn distortion in the wash;

 Yarn distortion in tumble drying;

 Yarn flattening in pressing;

 Fabric distortion in the wash and during tumble drying; and

 Change in dimensions in the wash and tumble dry processes. Satins and sateens are liable to
snagging which will cause major local fabric distortion, especially with low-strength fibres such

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as viscose and acetate, pilling and differential shrinkage, especially if the face fibre is different
from that in the body of the fabric or if defective threads have been used.

2. Knitted Fabrics
The problems that may occur in laundering include the following:

 Agitation in washing may distort the structure, especially with loose knit garments; and

 Fabric distortion and change in dimensions may occur due to tumble drying.

Note:

To minimise distortion, it is suggested that the knitted garments be placed into a mesh bag
during washing and tumble drying.

Most knitted garments, even if labelled as non-shrink, may shrink if tumble dried.

Excessive temperatures during pressing may cause permanent distortion because heat-set
temperature may be exceeded.

Loosely knit goods can often snag on zippers and buttons on other garments.

This can give rise to local distortion or thread breakage depending, mainly, on fibre type.

3. Laminated Fabrics
The base fibres used for laminated fabrics are usually of a ‘loose’ structure and can also suffer
from problems mentioned in Items (a) and (b) above. The following should also be noted:

The adhesion between the fabrics may be loosened or destroyed by laundry (or dry-cleaning
chemicals) or agitation. This causes the fabrics to peel apart, or may cause local bubbling of the
fabric composite which cannot be rectified.

To avoid problems, ensure that all the materials used are compatible, especially with respect to
dye fastness, and that the garment has a care label with the correct information included.

4. Garment Structure
The following aspects are worth considering:

Blends

When applying washing agents, always treat the fabric as if it is composed entirely of the most
sensitive fibre.

Colourfastness

The colourfastness to laundering is dependent upon not only on the laundering process but also
the fibre type, dye used, and the method of application. It is suggested that the garment or
fabric should be test-treated in an inconspicuous section for colourfastness prior to washing the
entire garment. If the fastness of dyes is in doubt, the article should be dried quickly and not left
in contact with other articles.

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Prints

Special care is required when laundering printed or floral items such as sheets or bedspreads,
particularly in regard to the use of bleach and washing and ironing temperatures. Do not mix
with white sheets which may be bleached in order to prevent fading.

3.2 Part B – Washing Parameters

3.2.1 Machine Load

The correct machine load is crucial to the efficiency of production, and also markedly affects the
amount of soil removal.

The ratio between the volume of the machine cage and the mass of the items in the washing
machine determines the degree of loading. It has been established by trials, in most
circumstances, that the most satisfactory degree of loading is 10 L of cage space for every
kilogram of washing (i.e. a ratio of 10:1). In the case of continuous batch washing (CBW) the
ratio is about 40:1.

Overloading has several disadvantages. First, the amount of mechanical action is reduced
because the load has less space to move and the efficiency of soil removal is correspondingly
decreased. Moreover, since the heavier load carries more soiling than a load of normal weight,
the liquors have to suspend a larger amount of soil. Finally, the efficiency of rinsing is reduced
because the added water cannot readily penetrate the heavy load. Extra rinses do not correct
this situation.

Underloading increases the amount of wear on fabrics. Moreover, an underloaded machine
requires virtually the same amount of heat, water and other washing materials, so time, water,
power and chemical supplies are wasted.

3.2.2 Dip

Variations in dip influences chemical concentration as well as the amount of mechanical action
imparted to the load. The lower the dip, the higher the degree of mechanical action.

3.2.3 Temperature

Many chemical actions will not take place unless heat is applied and most reactions can be
accelerated by raising the temperature. The higher the temperature of the wash liquor (up to a
certain level), the more efficient will be the soil removal. The degree and type of soiling will also
govern the temperature chosen for an operation. Another reason for raising the temperature is
to achieve thermal disinfection.

Accurate thermometers should be installed on all machines. Different temperatures are required
for different fibre types, e.g. wool, silk, cotton and polyester/cotton. Varying temperatures can
adversely affect all fibres except cotton.

3.2.4 Time

Some means of timing the various operations is essential for quality as well as efficiency.

Sufficient time is needed in a wash for soil removal to be achieved. However effective the
cleaning properties may be, soil is not removed instantaneously. Washing and mixing times are

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to be determined after the appropriate temperature of the wash is achieved.
The time required for individual operations depends on several factors, including the following:

 Washer design and speed;

 Size of water inlets and pressure available;

 Size of dump valves or outlets;

 Degree of loading;

 Soil conditions; and

 Supplies addition, solution and mixing.

3.2.5 Number of Wash and Rinse Operations
The number of washes is determined by the degree of soiling and the removal of soil from the
linen to the point where rinsing can begin.
A large percentage of heavy soil is removed from the fabric in the break-wash. Additional
washes and rinses remove most of the remainder.
Removal of soil from textiles being processed does not ensure that the textiles will be clean.
The soil should be effectively removed from the machine before the cleaning process is
complete. As much as 50% of water in an operation is retained by the linen in the machine. For
example, in a one-wash-one-rinse process, half the soil is removed from the machine in the first
operation, and half the remaining soil is removed by the rinse process. This leaves 25% of the
soil in the liquor and the textile load.
Because of this, there should be at least three rinse operations.

3.2.6 The Wash Cycle
Note: The objectives to be achieved by washing are as follows:

 To remove local and general soiling;

 To remove stains;

 To restore or maintain the original condition of the physical characteristics of textiles (eg.
softness, stiffness, fullness of pile);

 To maintain the original whiteness of white work and the brightness of coloured work;

 To minimise chemical and mechanical damage; and

 To reduce to a minimum the amount of microbiological contamination after laundering.
It should, however, be understood that for economic reasons a wash cycle should be performed
using the minimum of time, labour, services and chemical supplies.
The wash cycle usually consists of the following stages:

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Break-wash

The break-wash is the most important operation of the washing process. The purpose of the
break-wash cycle is to remove loose soil and blood. The break-wash should have a high dip (ie.
water level) and a low temperature. The temperature should not rise above 35°C. Alkali may be
used and sometimes detergent or emulsifier is added. Alkalis can start the saponification and
emulsification of greasy soils. Hardness salts can be removed from some soils.

Wash

The wash process is where the remaining soil from the article is removed with soap or detergent
which suspend the soil in solution. Depending on the nature of the fabric and to meet the
disinfection requirements, Clause 3.5 needs to be complied with.

Bleach

The bleaching process is primarily used to remove stains. It also enhances whiteness and
provides disinfection. Although soiled articles use up active bleach, bleaching does not remove
soils. The bleaching process involves either oxygen or chlorine bleaches. The quantity of bleach
added to the machine and the residual measured after completion of the operation, depends
very much on the degree of soiling and temperature of the wash water. Temperature increases
will accelerate the release of oxygen or chlorine. As a guide, for effective soil or stain removal,
the Table below indicates appropriate residual chlorine or hydrogen peroxide after a bleaching
operation.

RESIDUAL CHLORINE OR HYDROGEN PEROXIDE IN THE BLEACH OPERATION OF THE
LAUNDRY PROCESS FOR EFFECTIVE SOIL / STAIN REMOVAL

Bleach Degree of pH Temperature Initial bleach Residual bleach
soiling or C added to a 45 after 8 min
staining kg cotton load
mg / L

Sodium Light 10 – 10.5 55 – 60 100 mL 10 – 20
hypochlorite Medium 250 mL 30 – 40
(12.5% available Heavy 600 mL 50 – 80
chlorine)

Organic chlorine Light 10 – 10.5 60 – 65 50 g 10 – 20
(20% available Medium 120 g 30 – 40
chlorine) Heavy 300 g 50 – 80

Hydrogen peroxide Light 11 – 11.5 75 – 85 30 mL 50 – 70
(50% available Medium 50 mL 100 – 120
oxygen) Heavy 80 mL 200 – 300

Sodium perborate Light 11 – 80 - 90 150 g 50 -70
tetrahydrate (10% Medium 1015 250 g 100 – 120
available oxygen) Heavy 400 g 200 - 300

Rinse

Rinsing is an operation designed to remove all suspended soils and residual laundry chemicals
from the linen being laundered by means of dilution. The time of each rinse depends on the
mixing criteria of the system used. Normally a rinse takes about 2 min to 3 min. This operation
should be repeated several consecutive times.

Sour
Sour is used in the last rinse to neutralise any residual alkali. The correct pH of the last rinse

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water squeezed from the linen is essential. Incorrect pH can cause the following detrimental
effects:

 Chemical wear (damage);

 Allowing of fabric;

 Skin irritation and rashes;

 Bad odour;

 Fading of coloured articles; and

 Fabric finishing problems such as wrinkling.
The Table below contains recommended final pH for some laundry processes.

RECOMMENDED FINAL pH OF SOME LAUNDRY PROCESSES

Type of work pH required
Flat work e.g. bed linen 6.0 – 7.5
Starch work e.g. table linen
Rough dry e.g. bath towels, nappies 5.5 – 6.0 (prior to starching)
Work wear e.g. uniforms 6.0 – 7.0
6.0 – 7.0

Conditioning

Fabric softeners are used to reduce static electricity build-up in ironers and as a softener for
towelling-type products.

Starching
Starching is an operation which is usually carried out in the last rinse.

3.2.7 Finishing Of Washed Linen

At the end of the washing process as much water as possible is removed from the linen by
either hydroextraction which uses centrifugal force, or by means of a membrane press which
uses pressure.

After this primary extraction, the moisture retained in the linen should be in the range of 45% to
60% of the original mass of the dry linen. Further removal of moisture can take place in tumble
dryers, drying rooms, finishing tunnels, garment presses or flatwork ironers. The method used
will depend on the nature of the product being laundered.

Garment presses and flatwork ironers not only remove moisture but also provide a smooth
finish to the product. Referring specifically to flatwork ironers, it is stressed that unless the
overall finishing system is fully compatible, the ironer bed temperature should not exceed 180°C
if problems relating to fabric damage (e.g. heat-setting) and excessive shrinkage are to be
avoided.

Generally, the ironer is a multi-roller machine having padded rollers and a polished bed that is
heated (up to 150°C) by using steam or heat transfer oil. By appropriate adjustments of their
speed, steam-heated ironers process a variety of fabric compositions, fabric weights and
retained moisture, without problems. However, with the introduction of oil-heated ironers, the

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ironer bed temperature could be raised to 220°C. Although an increased ironer bed temperature
may seem to be advantageous to increasing production by increasing the speed of the ironer,
unfortunately, unless the whole finishing system can be synchronised (i.e. having the ironer,
feeder and folder all working at the same speed) the increased ironer bed temperature can in
fact cause fabric degradation and excessive shrinkage. (Most polyester / cotton sheeting fabrics
are heat-set in the textile mill at between 190°C–200°C to impart stability to the fabric. If this
heat setting temperature is exceeded then the fabrics will become unstable and shrink
excessively. Trials carried out on ironers with bed temperatures of 200–220°C showed fabric
shrinkage on 50/50 polyester / cotton fabrics (160 g/m2) of 15–20%.) With the fabric weights
and fabric compositions in use today (i.e. 140–160 g/m2, 100% cotton or 50/50 polyester /
cotton) ironer bed temperatures of 170°C– 180°C are sufficient to achieve optimum ironer
output without causing excessive fabric degradation or shrinkage.

As the ironer bed temperature is critical, it is essential that the temperature gauges on the ironer
are regularly calibrated to ensure that they reflect actual bed temperatures. (Bed temperatures
can be tested and ironer temperature gauges checked, by passing thermal strips, attached to
linen, through the ironer on a regular basis.)

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Document Control

Revision Description of Revision Date Owner Approver
1.0 First release 22/05/2018 Natasha Keirnan Carol Bain

Supporting Documents

Document Title
AS/NZS 4146: 2000 Laundry Practice
Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing: Infection Control Guidelines for the
Prevention of Transmission of Infectious Diseases in the Health Care Setting, January 2004

Health and Safety Handbook (Compass-Safety-001-HBK-001)

Laundry Operations (Medirest-Hcare-Services-505)

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Laundry Dail

If issues are identified please report them urgently to the Hospitality Lead.

BEDROOMS

DUTIES
1. Take dirty linen trolley and collet dirty linen and personals and remove rubbish
2. Wash, dry and fold microfiber cloths and mops
3. Wash, dry and fold napkins
4. Label any personal clothing as required
5. Wash, dry and fold linen and towels
6. Wash, dry, press and fold personal clothes
7. Take rubbish to designated bins
8. Check linen bags are stocked in dirty laundry rooms
9. Return clean linen/towels to trolley and linen cupboard
10. Return clean personal clothing on clean personal trolley to rooms
11. Empty lint compartment in dryers

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