杭州 Dip-1O XU TIANTIAN F233D0510
Day 1 Here are some steps for ancient painting restoration. Full color and pick-up: Full color refers to coloring the repaired painting to eliminate color differences and restore the integrity of the picture. This step requires detailed coloring based on the color and style of the original work. • It was a very magical experience. I had come into contact with and learned about physical restoration of ancient paintings before, and it was my first time to experience the steps and finished products of AI restoration. I visited the graduation exhibition and saw many different works. I remember one work that used color very skillfully and had strong color contrast skills. This is a design on the theme of marine environmental protection. The entire project uses blue flexibly, giving people a sense of tranquility. • The first lunch I tried at Zhejiang University. Not as delicious as expected,. I watched a large-screen projection and experienced a video similar to the naked-eye 3D effect. The group prepares an prelimilary draft. Have some focused group discussion. Group Discuss: • Choose between lyrics and music • Ancient paintings, ancient poems, etc. We finally chose songs with Chinese artistic conception. 1.Looking to combine individual images in your work or create with an overall artistic conception? 2.Refer to ancient painting techniques and tones? 山河图 青花瓷 Mountain and river map blue and white porcelain A small town in Jiangnan, misty and rainy Mountains, rivers, desert smoke • We have a team of 8 people, 2 leaders, and 6 AI.
八 仙 Some pictures exported with Ai. The key words that Ai helps us extract keywords. • Some research and development on key information extraction of songs. Such as the types of Huizhou architecture, the patterns and styles of plants mentioned in the songs, etc. • Our group used some researched materials such as cranes, pavilions,plants, mountains and rivers to make a collage. • This is a very interesting composition. “Mountain and river map” “blue and white porcelain”
Day 2 Explained some famous ancient Chinese paintings. Nymph of the Luo River 八 仙 • "Pictures of Luo Shen Fu" is in the form of a long scroll, taking the development of the story as a clue, and placing the characters' storylines in the natural mountains and rivers in sections to unfold the picture: Cao Zhi and his party rested on the bank of Luoshui, Luo Shen appeared on the water, and Cao Zhi Unable to let go, Lingbo finally returned. Cao Zhi searched for the Goddess of Luo on the Luoshui River, and finally set out on the road full of melancholy. • Some pictures exported with Ai. • This is a very interesting composition. 中兴四将图 The four generals of Zhongxing 1.Zhang Jun: Southern Song Dynasty general, Fengxiang Province Chengji. He successfully resisted the Jin Army, and later participated in Qin Kuei's peace policy and pursued the king. 2.Han Shizhong: Famous military general, Suide soldiers in Yan 'an Prefecture. Known for his bravery, he defeated the Jin Army many times and was awarded the posthumous title of "loyal Wu". 3.Liu Guangshi: From a family of generals, security guards and soldiers. Although he performed mediocrity in the war against the Jin, he was instrumental in putting down the Hebei uprising and was awarded the title of 鄜 king. 4.Yue Fei: A famous general in the Southern Song Dynasty, Xiangzhou Tangyin. Known for his patriotism, he repeatedly defeated the Jin Army, was wrongly killed, and recovered his reputation. Confucius
Day 3/4 • We learned the ancient method of mounting paintings, which is to use rice slurry and glue to smear on the paper, and pay attention to the use of the word "rice" on the paper. • We invited Gabrielle to write Chinese and experience Chinese culture. • Have lunch at Xiaohezhi Street. • Mr. Zhang showed us an ancient piece of paper that is about 800 years old. In addition, Mr. Zhang also introduced us to gold-edged paper and some ancient production techniques. • 谁能拒绝会撒娇的猫 猫！！！！！！
• We try to use some Ai app to create some pictures. Shutters, Nyonya pattern, traditional Chinese flower window, outside the window is a constantly changing natural landscape, changes throughout the year, multi-level, advanced sense, space design, 3D relief, fine details, tunnel composition, imagination, advanced sense, subtle, hollow design, light and shadow, 3D, minimalist vector painting, Romance, fine detail, wide view, epic detail, 16k • To a certain extent, the development of artificial intelligence (AI) has brought many benefits to modern society, including improving production efficiency, promoting accurate decision-making and prediction, providing personalized services, innovative solutions, and making personal life more convenient .
Day 5/6 • Tells about architecture and modern culture in Paris. • It talks about many architectural sketches and designs that are prototyped or inspired by the human body. • We visited the 3D workshop of Zhejiang University. • Our Saturday trip to West Lake.
• We learned about the life, architectural characteristics and architectural works of the master architect Le Corbusier. We also learned about his proposed measurement dimension, modulor. Five Points Architecture Corbusier's five points of architecture were one of his fundamental principles. The five points are: load-bearing structure (pilotis), horizontal windows, free plan, free facade and roof garden. These elements emphasize the functionality and openness of the building, moving it away from traditional closed structures. Load-bearing structures (Pilotis) The base of the building uses independent pillars, allowing the entire building to float above the ground. The idea is to create more open floor space, increasing ventilation and light. horizontal windows Corbusier emphasized the importance of horizontal windows, allowing the interior of the building to fully enjoy natural light while creating continuous visual connections. free plane Freed from traditional structural constraints, Corbusier advocated free plan, allowing for a more flexible layout of interior spaces. free facade As opposed to traditional load-bearing walls, Corbusier encouraged the design of free facades, so that the exterior walls of the building are no longer load-bearing components and can be designed more flexibly. roof garden Advocate for the design of gardens on building roofs to provide green space, improve the environment, increase natural ventilation, and create more public spaces in cities. Modularity and standardization Corbusier advocated modularity and standardization in architecture, achieving economy and efficiency in construction through standardized elements and proportions. Le Corbusier
Day 12-16 • I attended an experience sharing session with the student leaders of Zhejiang University and learned about their creative approaches. • This article introduces the dynasty changes and outstanding thinkers in Chinese history. • We learned about the silk umbrellas in Hangzhou, participated in the production, and painted the umbrella surface.
• We visited the Zhejiang University Museum and learned about glass, the historical evolution of glass. We also visited the splendid cultures of the three ancient civilizations on the Silk Road. http://xhslink.com/N0eAzN 平编底 四角孔编底 斜纹编底 I saw some bamboo weaving crafts at Tsutaya Bookstore. Daily Highlight
1.Ancient times: Mysterious rock paintingsThe origin of Chinese painting can be traced back to rock paintings in ancient times. With bold lines and primitive colors, these rock paintings depict scenes of hunting, sacrifice, and war. They are the predecessor of Chinese painting, showing the ancient ancestors' observation and expression of life. 2.Qin and Han dynasties: paintings on silk and muralsWith the development of society, painting gradually moved from rock walls to silk and silk fabrics. Silk paintings from the Qin and Han dynasties, with their delicate brushstrokes and rich colors, show people, animals, myths and legends. At the same time, murals are also popular in palaces, tombs and other buildings, becoming a symbol of power and status. 3.Tang and Song dynasties: The rise of Chinese paintingDuring the Tang and Song dynasties, China's economic development reached its peak and great achievements were made in culture and art. The painting style of this period gradually matured and formed a unique Chinese painting. Landscape, flowers and birds, figures and other themes are widely involved, and the skills of ink and composition are increasingly exquisite. 4.Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties: the rise of literati paintingIn Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, literati painting gradually rose and became the mainstream of painting. Literati painters express their feelings and thoughts in the way of combining poetry, calligraphy, painting and printing. They pursue the interest of brush and ink, and emphasize the true revelation of personality and emotion, so that Chinese painting is closer to life and humanity. 5.Modern and contemporary: the innovation and development of Chinese paintingSince modern times, Chinese painting has continuously innovated and developed on the basis of inheriting tradition. The artists absorbed the nourishment of Western painting and explored new methods and techniques of expression. At the same time, they pay attention to real life, reflect the spirit of The Times, and make Chinese painting full of new vitality and vitality. Confucius meets Laozi
CHINESE ARCHITECTURE Research
Ancient Chinese Architecture Factions 中国古代建筑派系 北方（ North ）： •京派(Beijing Style) •晋派(Jin style) 南方（ South ）： •皖派(Anhui Style) •闽派(Fujian Style) •苏派(Su Style) •川派(Sichuan Style)
•皖派(Anhui Style) •闽派(Fujian Style) •苏派(Su Style) •川派(Sichuan Style) 川派： 代表：川西吊脚楼，傣族竹楼，侗族鼓楼 特点：建筑规模宏大，布局对称，讲究威严和气势，多 采用木结构和青砖，屋顶多为庑殿顶或歇山顶。 Representatives: Western Sichuan Diaojiaolou, Dai Bamboo Tower, Dong Drum Tower Features: The buildings are large in scale, symmetrical in layout, and pay attention to majesty and momentum. They mostly use wooden structures and blue bricks, and the roofs are mostly veranda tops or resting tops. 苏派： 代表：东山雕花楼，同里退思园，北厍古镇 特点：街巷纵横，河道交错，以其精美的木雕装饰而闻名 ，建筑结构复杂，雕刻工艺精湛。 Representatives: Dongshan Diaohua Building, Tongli Tuisi Garden, Beishen Ancient Town Features: The streets are crisscrossed by alleys and rivers. It is famous for its exquisite wood carving decoration, complex building structure and exquisite carving craftsmanship. 皖派： 代表：徽派建筑，呈坎村，棠樾牌坊群 特点：白墙黛瓦(墙体白色，屋顶黑色瓦片),高 楼深院。 Representatives: Huizhou architecture, Chengkan Village, Tangyue Archway Group Features: white walls and black tiles (white walls, black roof tiles), high-rise buildings and deep courtyards. •马头墙：高高的马头墙，既美观又防火。 闽派： 代表：南靖土楼，福州三坊七巷 特点：以精美的雕刻和独特的红色砖墙而 闻名。布局合理、装饰精美、工艺精湛、 耐久实用。 Representatives: Nanjing Tulou, Fuzhou Sanfang Qixiang Features: It is famous for its exquisite carvings and unique red brick walls. Reasonable layout, exquisite decoration, exquisite craftsmanship, durability and practicality.
•京派(Beijing Style) •晋派(Jin style) 京派： 代表：北京故宫、四合院、长城 特点：建筑规模宏大，布局对称，讲究威严和气势，多采用木结构和青砖，屋顶多 为庑殿顶或歇山顶。 Representative: Beijing Forbidden City, Siheyuan, Great Wall Features: The buildings are large in scale, symmetrical in layout, and pay attention to majesty and momentum. They mostly use wooden structures and blue bricks, and the roofs are mostly veranda tops or resting tops. 晋派： 代表：窑洞 特点：建筑风格冬暖夏凉，坚固耐用。 Representative: Cave Dwellings Features: Architectural style, warm in winter and cool in summer, sturdy and durable
苏派建筑 的历史演变 The Historical Evolution of Su Style Architecture
苏派(Su Style) •历史 (History) •建筑布局 (Construction Layout) •建筑结构和形式 (Architectural Structure and Form)
历史 History
1. 起源与早期发展 （Origin and early development ） 春秋战国 （Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period） 苏派建筑的起源可以追溯到春秋战国时期。江苏地区因其丰富的自然资源和发达的手工 业，逐渐形成了独特的建筑风格。早期的苏派建筑受中原文化影响，注重功能性和实用 性。 The origin of Su style architecture can be traced back to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The Jiangsu region has gradually formed a unique architectural style due to its rich natural resources and developed handicraft industry. The early Su-style architecture was influenced by the Central Plains culture and focused on functionality and practicality. 2. 隋唐时期（Sui and Tang Dynasties） 隋唐时期，随着大运河的开通，苏州成为重要的交通枢纽和经济中心。此时期的苏派建 筑开始吸收外来文化元素，建筑风格逐渐趋于华丽。例如，苏州的寺庙和园林建筑在这 一时期开始兴起。 During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, with the opening of the Grand Canal, Suzhou became an important transportation hub and economic center. During this period, Supai architecture began to absorb foreign cultural elements, and the architectural style gradually became more gorgeous. For example, temples and garden architecture in Suzhou began to rise during this period.
3. 宋元时期（Song and Yuan Dynasties） 宋元时期是苏派建筑发展的重要阶段。苏州作为南宋的经济中心之一，建筑风格进一步 发展和成熟。宋代苏派建筑以精巧细致、雅致秀丽著称，讲究比例和线条的和谐。著名 的苏州园林如拙政园、留园等大多建于这一时期。 The Song and Yuan Dynasties were an important stage in the development of Su style architecture. As one of the economic centers of the Southern Song Dynasty, Suzhou's architectural style further developed and matured. The Su style architecture of the Song Dynasty is famous for its exquisiteness, elegance and beauty, and pays attention to the harmony of proportion and lines. Most of the famous Suzhou gardens such as the Humble Administrator's Garden and the Liuyuan Garden were built during this period. 4. 明清时期（Ming and Qing Dynasties） 明清时期是苏派建筑的鼎盛时期。此时的苏派建筑不仅在江苏地区盛行，还影响到全国 其他地区。明清时期的苏派建筑在形式上更加多样化，特别是园林建筑达到了前所未有 的高度。苏州园林以其布局精巧、空间利用巧妙和造景艺术高超而闻名。 The Ming and Qing Dynasties were the heyday of Su-style architecture. At this time, Su-style architecture was not only popular in Jiangsu, but also affected other parts of the country. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Su-style architecture became more diverse in form, especially garden architecture, which reached unprecedented heights. Suzhou gardens are famous for their exquisite layout, clever use of space and superb landscaping art.
5. 现代发展（Modern development） 进入近现代，苏派建筑在西方建筑思潮的冲击下，经历了一定程度的衰落。 然而，随着文化复兴和保护传统文化的呼声高涨，苏派建筑在现代得到了保 护和传承。许多现代建筑在设计中融合了苏派建筑的元素，如庭院布局、传 统瓦屋顶等，形成了现代与传统相结合的新风格。 In modern times, Su-style architecture has experienced a certain degree of decline under the impact of Western architectural trends. However, with the rising calls for cultural revitalization and protection of traditional culture, Supai architecture has been protected and passed on in modern times. Many modern buildings incorporate elements of Supai architecture in their design, such as courtyard layout, traditional tile roofs, etc., forming a new style that combines modernity and tradition.
建筑布局 Construction Layout
苏派建筑分为民居建筑、园林建筑、沿街商店建筑和文化建筑等 几种类型。 大多数建筑都园林与居家建筑的结合，达成私家即景的特点。 Su Style buildings are divided into several types: residential buildings, garden buildings, street shop buildings and cultural buildings. Most of the buildings are a combination of gardens and residential buildings, achieving the characteristics of a private scene.
苏派建筑一般分为正门（大门），影壁，前厅，正厅， 厢房，书房，厅堂，花厅，寝室，后院，并用花窗， 漏窗，廊道连接池塘，假山，天井等装饰景观。 此外，风水也是中国传统建筑中非常重要的一环。如 坐南朝北，建筑布局中轴对称等。 Su Style architecture is generally divided into main entrance (gate), screen wall, front hall, main hall, wing room, study, hall, flower hall, bedroom, and backyard, and uses flower windows, leaky windows, corridors to connect ponds, rockeries, patios, etc. to decorate the landscape. In addition, Feng Shui is also a very important part of traditional Chinese architecture. For example, if you sit south and face north, the building layout will be axially symmetrical, etc.
影壁 Screen Wall 是中国传统建筑中用于遮挡视线避险聚气美化大门的墙壁，是中国古代庭院的一 种附属建筑，通常有砖、瓦、石材、木料、琉璃等砌成，由座、身、顶三部分组 成。 古代的影壁通常还与风水联系在一起，用来抵挡寒风和邪恶的东西，减小风的势 头，在减缓了恶风冲煞的同时走起到了风水中辟邪的作用。 It is a wall used in traditional Chinese architecture to block sight, avoid danger, gather energy and beautify the door. It is an accessory building in ancient Chinese courtyards. It is usually made of bricks, tiles, stone, wood, colored glaze, etc., and consists of a seat, body and roof. Partially composed. In ancient times, screen walls were often associated with Feng Shui. They were used to ward off cold winds and evil things, reduce the momentum of the wind, and at the same time slow down the evil winds and play a role in feng shui to ward off evil spirits.
座山影壁 八字影壁 一字影壁 撇山影壁 There some structure names and typical types.
庭院多设在厅堂或书房前后，缀以湖石、花木、亭廊，组成建筑物 的外景。 基本布局方式：以厅堂作为全园的活动中心，面对厅堂设置山池、 花木等对景，厅堂周围和山池之间缀以亭榭楼阁，或环以庭院和其 他小景区，并用蹊径和回廊联系起来，组成一个可居、可观、可游 的整体。 Courtyards are mostly located in front and behind halls or study rooms, and are decorated with lake stones, flowers, trees, pavilions and corridors to form the exterior view of the building. Basic layout method: use the hall as the activity center of the whole garden. Facing the hall, set up mountains, ponds, flowers and trees, etc., and surround the hall and between the mountains and ponds with pavilions and pavilions, or surround it with courtyards and other small scenic areas, and use paths and corridors. Connected together to form a livable, viewable and travelable whole.
山池 Rockery and Pool 花木 Plants 回廊 Cloister 影壁 Screen Wall
榭 亭 楼 阁
景区和空间：在有限的面积内构成富于变化的风景，通过划分景区 和空间突出风景主题和特色，做到移步换景色的效果。 Scenic spots and spaces: Construct a varied scenery within a limited area. By dividing scenic spots and spaces, the theme and characteristics of the scenery are highlighted to achieve the effect of changing scenery with each step.
建筑结构和形式 Architectural Structure and Form
1.庭院式建筑：这是苏派建筑的一大特色，多个建筑围绕一个或多个庭院，形成一个封 闭或半封闭的空间。 2.廊道式建筑：通过廊道连接各个建筑，形成一个整体，增加了建筑的连贯性。 3.厅堂式建筑：主要用于接待客人和举行重要活动，通常为建筑群中的主体建筑，规模 较大，装饰华丽。 4.楼阁式建筑：包括各种楼阁、亭台、塔楼等。这类建筑高低错落，形态各异。 1.Courtyard-style building: Multiple buildings surround one or more courtyards, forming a closed or semi-closed space. 2.Corridor-style buildings: Corridors connect various buildings to form a whole, increasing the coherence of the building. 3.Hall-style building: It is mainly used to receive guests and hold important activities. It is usually the main building in the building complex, with large scale and gorgeous decoration. 4.Pavilion-style buildings: Including various pavilions, towers, etc. This kind of buildings are scattered in height and shape in different shapes. 建筑形式 Building Style
1.木结构建筑：以木材为主要建筑材料，采用榫卯结构，具有柔韧性好、抗震性 能优等特点。 1.砖石结构建筑：以砖石为主要材料，多用于寺庙、桥梁等需要较高强度和耐久 性的建筑。 2.混合结构建筑：木结构与砖石结构相结合，充分利用各自的优点，增强建筑的 整体性能。 1.Wooden structure building: Using wood as the main building material, it adopts mortise and tenon structure, which has the characteristics of good flexibility and excellent earthquake resistance. 2.Brick and stone structure buildings: Using masonry as the main material, it is mostly used in temples, bridges and other buildings that require higher strength and durability. 3.Hybrid structure building: The combination of wooden structure and masonry structure makes full use of their respective advantages to enhance the overall performance of the building. 建筑材料 Building Materials
苏派建筑的结构主要包括基础结构、框架结构、屋顶结构、墙体结构、门窗结构、室内结构、庭院与园林结构、装饰结构和水景结构。 The structure of Supai architecture mainly includes basic structure, frame structure, roof structure, wall structure, door and window structure, indoor structure, courtyard and garden structure, decorative structure and waterscape structure. 基础结构确保建筑的稳定性，框架 结构以木材为主，采用榫卯结构连 接。 The basic structure ensures the stability of the building. The frame structure is mainly made of wood and is connected by mortise and tenon structure. 建筑结构 Building Structure 门窗结构以木质材料为主，雕刻精美。 The door and window structures are mainly made of wooden materials and are exquisitely carved. 天花板和地板装饰讲究。 The ceilings and floors are elegantly decorated. 装饰结构包括木雕、砖雕、石雕和彩绘等。 Decorative structures include wood carvings, brick carvings, stone carvings and paintings.
门与窗 Door and Window 苏派建筑拱门按照形状分为几何造型门洞，植物造型门洞，器物造型门洞。 Su Style architectural arches are divided into geometric door openings, plant-shaped door openings, and utensil-shaped door openings according to their shapes. 几何造型洞门（Geometric shape Gate） 月洞门 方洞门 六角洞门 八角洞门 Moon Cave Gate Square Cave Gate Hexagonal Cave Gate Octagonal Cave Gate 植物造型洞门（Plant shaped Gate） 海棠洞门 葫芦洞门 贝叶洞门 Haitang Cave Gate Hulu Cave Gate Bayeux Cave Gate 器物造型洞门（Utensil-shaped Gate） 汉瓶洞门 玉圭洞门 如意头洞门 片月形洞门 佛教印洞门 书卷形洞门 Han Ping Cave Gate Yugui Cave Gate Ruyi Head Cave Gate Moon-shaped Cave Gate, Buddhist Seal Cave Gate, Scroll-shaped Cave Gate Door
苏派建筑的窗户分为推窗，格子窗，漏窗，风窗，空窗，长 窗，半窗，盲窗等类别。推窗包括平推和高低滑动式，便于 通风。格子窗则分为方格和圆格，兼具透光与装饰。漏窗有 几何和植物图案，创造光影效果。风窗具备挑开和遮风功能， 调节室内气候。 The windows of Supai buildings are divided into sliding windows, lattice windows, leaky windows and wind windows. Empty windows, long windows, half windows, blind windows and other categories. • Sliding windows include flat sliding and highlow sliding types to facilitate ventilation. • Lattice windows are divided into square and round lattice, which have both light transmission and decoration. • The louvers have geometric and botanical patterns, creating light and shadow effects. • The wind window has the function of opening and blocking the wind to adjust the indoor climate. Window
Window 空窗 漏窗 Question: What are the functions of these different types of doors and windows, and why are they needed? •引景入室：通过窗户将室外景观引入室内，增强空间的延展性和融合感。 •通风透光：促进室内空气流通和自然光线的引入。 •视线引导与空间分割：引导视线，营造视觉焦点，巧妙分割空间。 •移步换景：在行走中不断变换视觉体验。 •Introducing the scenery into the room: Introducing the outdoor scenery into the room through the windows, enhancing the ductility and integration of the space. . •Ventilation and light transmission: Promote indoor air circulation and the introduction of natural light. •Sight guidance and space division: guide the sight, create visual focus, and cleverly divide the space. •Changing scenery as you move: constantly changing your visual experience while walking. 半窗 长窗 盲窗
Pattern 苏州园林中的漏花窗包括几何图案漏窗、植物图案漏窗和动物 图案漏窗。几何图案漏窗以菱形、六边形等几何形状的镂空图 案构成；植物图案漏窗以梅花、莲花、竹叶等植物图案为主； 动物图案漏窗则雕刻有蝙蝠、龙凤、鱼等动物图案。 Flower windows in Suzhou gardens include geometric pattern windows, plant pattern windows and animal pattern windows. The geometric patterned windows are composed of hollow patterns of geometric shapes such as diamonds and hexagons; the plant patterned windows are mainly plant patterns such as plum blossoms, lotus, bamboo leaves, etc.; the animal patterned windows are engraved with animal patterns such as bats, dragons, phoenixes, and fish.
Pattern 苏州园林中的漏花窗包括几何图案漏窗、植物图案漏窗和动物 图案漏窗。几何图案漏窗以菱形、六边形等几何形状的镂空图 案构成；植物图案漏窗以梅花、莲花、竹叶等植物图案为主； 动物图案漏窗则雕刻有蝙蝠、龙凤、鱼等动物图案。 Flower windows in Suzhou gardens include geometric pattern windows, plant pattern windows and animal pattern windows. The geometric patterned windows are composed of hollow patterns of geometric shapes such as diamonds and hexagons; the plant patterned windows are mainly plant patterns such as plum blossoms, lotus, bamboo leaves, etc.; the animal patterned windows are engraved with animal patterns such as bats, dragons, phoenixes, and fish.
Pattern meaning Ten thousand character pattern ，卍（wàn）字纹， also called Wanshou Brocade, the pattern is like a rotating shape, which means ten thousand blessings, long life, all the best, and endless life. Ice crack pattern lattice flower The shape has no fixed rules, which symbolizes the ever-changing natural cracks in the solid ice. It means that the ice and snow are melting, the cold winter is over, the earth is rejuvenated, and all things are revived. It also means "perfect and accessible in all directions". Octagonal style lattice flower The octagonal shape allows a larger lighting area in the room. The octagonal shape has a festive and auspicious meaning. I-shaped lattice pattern It is shaped like the word "work", horizontally and vertically, symbolizing people's integrity. Pattern style lattice pattern A square or circular loop pattern is formed by horizontal and vertical short lines, shaped like the character "Hui". It means long-lasting happiness, longevity and good luck, and also gives people the inspiration to move forward and neverending. Plum blossom style lattice flower It is a pictographic pattern of the changing seasons from winter to spring. The plum blossoms are fragrant, and the connotation is that all things are solitary and I am unique, representing the noble conduct of a gentleman.
Hu XueYan’s Former Residence 胡雪岩故居
Door 洞门：（又名地穴）洞门除供人出入，空窗除采光通风 外，在园林艺术上又常作为取景的画框，使人在游览过程 中不断获得生动的画面。 小院往往在洞门、空窗后面置石峰、植竹丛芭蕉之类，形 成一幅幅小品图画，是苏州古典园林常用的手法。 Cave door: (also known as crypt) Cave door not only allows people to enter and exit, but also has empty windows for lighting and ventilation. It is also often used as a picture frame in garden art, allowing people to continuously obtain vivid pictures during the tour. In small courtyards, stone peaks and bamboo and banana plants are often placed behind cave doors and empty windows to form sketches, which is a commonly used technique in Suzhou classical gardens.
Door Hand-painted basic patterns of some door in buildings.
彩色玻璃窗： •局部房间采用彩色玻璃窗，透过阳光，彩色玻璃折射出斑斓的光影效果，增加了室内的 色彩和层次感。 Stained glass windows: •Some rooms use stained glass windows. Through sunlight, the stained glass reflects colorful light and shadow effects, adding to the color and layering of the interior. Window Question： What did stained glass windows represent in ancient times, and were glass windows common? • Wealth and Power: • Due to their high cost, stained glass windows symbolized the wealth and status of their owners and could only be afforded by wealthy families and royal palaces. • Religion and the Sacred: • In religious buildings, stained glass windows create a sacred atmosphere, giving a sense of mystery and awe through light. • Aesthetics and Art: • Stained glass windows beautify the building through different colors and patterns, showing exquisite artistic effects and reflecting the artistic level and craftsmanship of the time.
Window Hand-painted basic patterns of some flower windows in buildings.
娘惹建筑 Nyonya architecture
历史 History • 形成期：从10世纪起，华人与马来人开始通婚，形成早期的峇峇娘惹族群。这一时期的建筑主 要采用传统的马来风格，以木材和竹子为主要材料，屋顶用叶子覆盖，建筑功能以满足基本居 住需求为主。 • Formation period: Starting from the 10th century, Chinese and Malays began to intermarry, forming the early Baba and Nyonya ethnic group. The buildings of this period mainly adopted the traditional Malay style, with wood and bamboo as the main materials, and the roofs were covered with leaves. The building functions were mainly to meet basic living needs. • 发展期：到了19世纪，峇峇娘惹文化开始影响当地风俗，建筑风格呈现多元融合。这一时期的 建筑开始融入中式和西式元素，如中式的瓷砖和木雕以及西式的窗户和阳台，形成了独特的娘 惹建筑风格。 • Development period: In the 19th century, Baba and Nyonya culture began to influence local customs, and architectural styles showed a diversified integration. The architecture of this period began to incorporate Chinese and Western elements, such as Chinese tiles and wood carvings and Western windows and balconies, forming a unique Nyonya architectural style. • https://art.ltn.com.tw/article/paper/1241319
历史 History • 鼎盛期：20世纪初，峇峇娘惹文化达到顶峰，经济繁荣，文化影响力扩大到多个领域。这一时期 的建筑更加奢华，不仅装饰精美，还采用了更多样化的材料和技术，如大理石地面和精致的玻璃 窗，显示了峇峇娘惹家族的财富和地位。 • Heyday: At the beginning of the 20th century, Baba Nyonya culture reached its peak, the economy prospered, and cultural influence expanded to many fields. The buildings of this period were more luxurious, not only exquisitely decorated, but also using more diverse materials and techniques, such as marble floors and exquisite glass windows, showing the wealth and status of the Baba and Nyonya families. • 现代传承期：现今，峇峇娘惹文化通过博物馆、文化活动等形式得到保护和传承。这一时期的建 筑重视历史价值的保护，同时将传统元素与现代设计结合，既保留文化遗产又满足现代生活需 求。 • Modern inheritance period: Today, Baba and Nyonya culture is protected and passed on through museums, cultural activities and other forms. The architecture of this period attaches great importance to the protection of historical value, while combining traditional elements with modern design, retaining cultural heritage and meeting the needs of modern life. • https://art.ltn.com.tw/article/paper/1241319
新加坡的店屋最初建于 1840 年代，属于早期店屋风格，后来逐渐 发展为过渡风格、晚期店屋风格、装饰艺术风格，随后又发展为现 代风格。这些店屋以华南地区（新加坡早期移民大多来自华南地 区）的传统木屋为基础，但融合了亚洲和欧洲的 影响。 Singapore's shophouses were originally built in the 1840s in the early shophouse style, which gradually evolved into transitional style, late shophouse style, Art Deco style, and then modern style. The shophouses are based on traditional wooden houses from southern China, where most of Singapore's early immigrants came from, but incorporate Asian and European influences. https://www.culturally.co/blog /the-beauty-of-singapore-speranakan-shophouses 虽然店屋里住着来自各个种族的人，但大多数娘惹家庭都 是商人，他们会把这些建筑当做自己的家。娘惹家庭搬进 来时很容易看出来！他们的店屋通常色彩鲜艳——鲜艳的黄 色、蓝色、绿色、红色或白色。 Although the shophouses were inhabited by people of all races, most of the Nyonya families were businessmen who would treat the buildings as their homes. It was easy to tell when the Nyonya family moved in! Their shophouses are usually brightly coloured - vivid yellow, blue, green, red or white. https://www.jalanjalan.me/main/map/all/jalandojalaneat-jalanshop-jalansee-jalanhuat 1900-1940 年的晚期店屋风格以标志性的土生华人瓷砖为特色， 这些瓷砖装饰着店屋的墙壁和地板。土生华人用这些色彩鲜艳 的瓷砖装饰他们的房子和家具，因为他们相信花卉图案和鲜艳 的色彩会给家庭带来长寿、财富和繁荣。20 世纪上半叶，店 屋风格的子类别也开始兴起，如 洛可可风格 或 中国风风格。 The late shophouse style from 1900-1940 featured iconic Peranakan tiles that adorned the walls and floors of the shophouses. The Peranakan used these brightly coloured tiles to decorate their houses and furniture as they believed that floral patterns and bright colours would bring longevity, wealth and prosperity to the family. In the first half of the 20th century, subcategories of shophouse styles also began to emerge, such as Rococo or Chinoiserie. Early shophouse style Transitional style Late shophouse style Art Deco style