早期店屋（18 世纪） 1.连续店屋的前部出现了一排连续的镶板或百叶窗。 2.二楼/上层采用木墙和普通砖石壁柱。 3.较早的时候，店屋里使用亚答砖，但是它容易着 火，所以被中国粘土瓦片取代。 Early shophouse (18th century) 1.A continuous row of panels or shutters appeared at the front of the continuous shophouses. 2.The second/upper floor has wooden walls and plain masonry pilasters. 3.Earlier, attap bricks were used in shophouses, but they caught fire easily, so they were replaced by Chinese clay tiles. 传统店屋（19 世纪） 1.前墙改成了砖石结构，上面有石膏像或陶瓷渲染装 饰。 2.屋檐下方加有雕带装饰，上面有绘画或陶瓷展示。 3.壁柱的顶部被扩大，以支撑 4.壁柱也变得更高并且上面有石膏装饰。 Traditional shophouse (19th century) 1.The front wall was changed to a masonry structure decorated with plaster statues or ceramic renders. 2.There are frieze decorations under the eaves, and there are paintings or ceramic displays on them. 3.The tops of the pilasters were enlarged to support 4.The pilasters also became taller and had plaster decoration on them. 海峡折衷风格店屋 (1900-1940) 1.受西方文化影响，因此包含一些西方风格 2.全长落地窗 + 一对全长木质百叶窗 3.更宽的车顶 4.采用古典设计的壁柱 Straits Eclectic Shophouse (1900-1940) 1.Influenced by Western culture and therefore contains some Western styles 2.Full length French window + pair of full length wooden blinds 3.Wider roof 4.pilasters in classical design 装饰艺术店屋（1940-1960） 1.最有可能采用的是欧洲风格。 2.正面采用细长的矩形、圆形和连续的水平带 3.钢筋混凝土用于创建更多悬臂设计 Art Deco Shophouse (1940-1960) 1.Most likely it will be in European style. 2.The front features elongated rectangles, circles and continuous horizontal bands 3.Reinforced concrete is used to create more cantilevered designs
Window 1. 百叶窗（Louvered Windows） 特点： •通风良好：百叶窗的设计允许空气流通，同时提供遮阳和隐私。 •木制或铁制：通常使用木材或铁作为材料，叶片可以是水平或垂直排列。 示例： •新加坡加东区的娘惹住宅中常见的木质百叶窗。 2. 花格窗（Peranakan Floral Motif Windows） 特点： •装饰性强：窗框和窗格上雕刻有复杂的花卉和植物图案，具有很高的艺术价值。 •彩色玻璃：有时配有彩色玻璃，增添视觉美感。 示例： •马六甲的传统娘惹建筑中的花格窗。 3. 窗花（Paper Cut Windows） 特点： •纸质或丝质窗花：窗户上贴有剪纸或丝织的花纹，通常为几何或植物图案。 •文化融合：结合了中国剪纸艺术和马来图案设计。 示例： •乔治市的娘惹住宅中的窗花设计。 4. 法式窗（French Windows） 特点： •落地窗设计：从地板延伸到天花板，通常为双开窗。 •玻璃材质：大面积玻璃窗格，提供充足的自然光线和外部景观视野。 示例： •新加坡和马六甲的娘惹建筑中常见的法式窗。 •新加坡加东区的娘惹住宅中的铁艺窗。 1. Louvered Windows Features: Well-ventilated: The design of the blinds allows air circulation while providing shade and privacy. Wooden or Iron: Usually wood or iron is used as the material, and the blades can be arranged horizontally or vertically. Example: Wooden blinds commonly seen in Peranakan houses in Katong district, Singapore. 2. Peranakan Floral Motif Windows Features: Highly decorative: the window frames and panes are carved with intricate floral and plant patterns, which are of high artistic value. Stained Glass: Sometimes stained glass is provided to add visual beauty. Example: Lattice windows in traditional Nyonya architecture in Malacca. 3. Paper Cut Windows Features: Paper or silk window decoration: A paper-cut or silk-woven pattern, usually a geometric or plant pattern, is affixed to the window. Cultural fusion: combines Chinese paper-cutting art and Malay pattern design. Example: Window grille designs in Peranakan homes in George Town. 4. French Windows Features: Floor-to-ceiling window design: Extends from floor to ceiling, usually double-hung windows. Glass material: Large area glass panes provide ample natural light and views of the external landscape. Example: French windows commonly found in Peranakan architecture in Singapore and Malacca. Wrought iron windows in a Nyonya house in Katong district, Singapore.
5. 铁艺窗（Wrought Iron Windows） 特点： •复杂的铁艺装饰：窗格由精美的铁艺图案构成，既美观又安全。 •多功能性：既用于通风和采光，也用于防盗。 示例： •新加坡加东区的娘惹住宅中的铁艺窗。 6. 推拉窗（Sliding Windows） 特点： •节省空间：推拉设计不占用额外空间，适合狭窄的空间。 •材料多样：可以是木质、铁质或玻璃材质。 示例： •马来西亚槟城的娘惹建筑中常见的推拉窗。 7. 彩绘玻璃窗（Stained Glass Windows） 特点： •色彩丰富：彩绘玻璃窗用不同颜色的玻璃拼接成各种图案，通常具有宗教或自然主题 。 •装饰与功能结合：不仅美观，还能过滤光线，营造柔和的室内氛围。 示例： •新加坡和马六甲的娘惹住宅中的彩绘玻璃窗。 8. 传统中式窗（Traditional Chinese Windows） 特点： •中式元素：采用传统的中式窗格设计，如回纹、祥云等图案。 •木质窗格：通常为木质结构，雕刻精美。 示例： •乔治市的蓝屋（Cheong Fatt Tze Mansion）中的中式窗。 这些窗户设计不仅在功能上满足了通风、采光和安全的需求，同时也通过丰富的装饰 和文化元素，展示了娘惹建筑的独特魅力和多样性。 5. Wrought Iron Windows Features: Complex Iron Art Decoration: The window panes are composed of exquisite iron art patterns, which are both beautiful and safe. Versatility: used both for ventilation and lighting, and for security against theft. Example: Wrought iron windows in a Nyonya house in Katong district, Singapore. 6. Sliding Windows Features: Space Saving: The push-pull design does not take up extra space and is suitable for narrow spaces. Various materials: can be made of wood, iron or glass. Example: Sash windows commonly found in Peranakan architecture in Penang, Malaysia. 7. Stained Glass Windows Features: Colorful: Stained glass windows use different colors of glass spliced into various patterns, often with religious or natural themes. Combination of decoration and function: not only beautiful, but also filtering light and creating a soft indoor atmosphere. Example: Stained glass windows in Peranakan houses in Singapore and Malacca. 8. Traditional Chinese Windows Features: Chinese elements: adopt traditional Chinese window pane design, such as pattern, auspicious clouds and other patterns. Wooden Pane: Usually a wooden structure with intricate carvings. Example: Chinese windows in the Cheong Fatt Tze Mansion in George Town. These window designs not only functionally meet the needs of ventilation, lighting and security, but also demonstrate the unique charm and diversity of Nyonya architecture through rich decorative and cultural elements.
娘惹窗户的种类包括“Fa Lai”和英伦风格的木质白叶窗。其中，“Fa Lai” 是一种独特的开窗方式，将壁缝搭配上一块滑动式板条，窗户在关闭 时被视为立面的一部分。此外，英伦风格的木质白叶窗也是常见的选 择，这种窗户能在炎热的夏天阻挡阳光。 Types of Nyonya Windows include "Fa Lai" and English style wooden white leaf Windows. The "Fa Lai" is a unique way of opening the window by matching the wall gap with a sliding slat, and the window is seen as part of the facade when closed. In addition, English-style wooden Windows with white leaf are also a common choice, which can block out the sun on hot summer days. “Fa Lai”窗户的设计原理和安装方法有哪些特点？ 无立柱转角处理：这种设计提高了通透性和美观性，使窗户看起来更 加开阔。 框包扇结构：镶嵌式框包扇结构设计使得侧框整洁平整，边框更窄更 轻盈，视野更大。 娘惹窗户在性能上具有节能保温、防尘降噪和抗风压等优点，在美观 性上则通过隐藏式拉手、无立柱转角处理和框包扇结构等设计，提升 了整体的视觉效果和使用体验。 What are the design principles and installation methods of "Fa Lai" Windows? Column-free Angle treatment: This design improves transparency and aesthetics, making the window look more open.Frame and fan structure: The Mosaic frame and fan structure design makes the side frame clean and flat, the border is narrower and lighter, and the field of view is larger.In terms of performance, Nyonya window has the advantages of energy saving and heat preservation, dust and noise reduction and wind pressure resistance. In terms of beauty, it improves the overall visual effect and use experience through hidden handle, no column Angle treatment and frame wrap fan structure design. • The Nyonya family follows the Chinese architectural style and uses porcelain carvings to decorate the roof beams. Most of them are auspicious patterns or birds, animals, flowers and trees, such as pine cranes symbolizing longevity, peonies symbolizing wealth, guava or guava symbolizing fertility. The patterns of the Eight Immortals' magical implements, etc., are totems that bless the home, peace, good weather, and everything goes well. chromeextension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglcle findmkaj/https://tuengr.com/V08/069. pdf Traditional Courtyard of Shophouse (Air-well) Source: http://sunyatsenpenang.com, Accessed on 10/07/2017 • Sunflower-type skylights—The sultry weather in Southeast Asia requires skylights to regulate the indoor temperature. It is very common in Nanyang architecture. Sunflower fan, also known as banana, is a common tropical plant in Southeast Asia. In the past, bananas were often used to fan the wind and cool down, which was extended to mean "fanning" the wealth in.
Biography • http://xhslink.com/EERrFM • http://xhslink.com/sJqCGM • https://www.chinahighlights.com/travelguide/architecture/examples.htm • https://www.chinahighlights.com/travelguide/architecture/roofs.htm • http://xhslink.com/Yy5iIM • http://xhslink.com/UClOKM • https://www.chinahighlights.com/travelguide/architecture/siheyuan.htm • http://xhslink.com/mWYoTM • http://xhslink.com/QsUETM • https://www.gujianchina.cn/news/show-5414.html • https://www.toutiao.com/article/7104543156883964454/?wid=1718617848222 • https://www.hangchow.org/index.php/base/news_show/cid/11387 • https://peimunalexis.wixsite.com/ployalexis/single-post/2017/12/04/whats-baba-nyonya-exterior-and-interior • https://babanyonyaculture.wordpress.com/2016/08/13/baba-nyonya-building/ • https://mmb-nyonya.blogspot.com/p/testing.html • https://risis.com/blogs/diary/exploring-peranakan-style-architecture-celebrating-a-beautiful-heritage • https://ericgo.com/singapore-koonsengroad/ • https://art.ltn.com.tw/article/paper/1241319 • https://www.culturally.co/blog/the-beauty-of-singapore-s-peranakan-shophouses • https://travelertina.blog/2018/12/14/the-peranakan-life-visiting-baba-house/ • 江南私家园林考——《拙政园花窗造型研究》-湖北美术学院湖北省非物质文化遗产研究中心 (hifa.edu.cn)
Comparison of two buildings Window 娘惹窗户和中国古代花窗在材料、图案设计、功能与美学、 文化背景等方面有明显差异： 1.材料： 1. 娘惹窗户：主要采用优质木材和彩色玻璃，也 使用金属配件。 2. 中国古代花窗：多用木材、砖石等，部分高档 窗户会使用玻璃。 2.图案设计： 1. 娘惹窗户：融合多元文化元素，色彩丰富。 2. 中国古代花窗：强调传统文化图案，如梅兰竹 菊、龙凤图案。 3.功能与美学： 1. 娘惹窗户：强调通风、采光功能，追求装饰效 果和艺术性。 2. 中国古代花窗：主要用于通风、采光和遮挡视 线，图案注重对称和均衡。 There are obvious differences between Nyonya windows and ancient Chinese flower windows in terms of materials, pattern design, function and aesthetics, and cultural background： • Material: • Nyonya Windows: Mainly made of high-quality wood and stained glass, metal fittings are also used. • Ancient Chinese flower windows: mostly made of wood, masonry, etc., and some high-end windows use glass. • Graphic design: • Nyonya windows: integrating multicultural elements and rich colors. • Ancient Chinese flower windows: emphasize traditional cultural patterns, such as plum, orchid, bamboo, chrysanthemum, dragon and phoenix patterns. • Functionality and aesthetics: • Nyonya windows: emphasize ventilation and lighting functions , and pursue decorative effects and artistry. • Ancient Chinese flower windows: mainly used for ventilation, lighting and blocking sight, with patterns focusing on symmetry and balance. Outcome
“窗(window)”这个词在古英语里，叫eyethul，意思为窥视洞。在《美国 传统词典》写道，window是从古斯堪的那维亚人自创的“隐喻 语”(kenning)演变而来。意思是“换一种说法描述某事物”。人们开始把这 个词用作比喻词。例如“眼睛是心灵的窗户”。 安妮·弗里德伯格在《虚拟视窗》中写道:“窗户是一个通路(opening)，是 用于采光、通风的孔隙。它可以打开、可以合上;它分隔这里和那里、内 部和外部、前面和后面的空间。” The word "window" in Old English is called eyethul, which means peephole. In the "American Heritage Dictionary", it is written that window evolved from the "metaphoric language" (kenning) created by the ancient Scandinavians. It means "to describe something in another way." People began to use the word as a metaphor. For example, "The eyes are the windows to the soul." Anne Friedberg wrote in "Virtual Window": "A window is an opening, a pore used for lighting and ventilation. It can be opened and closed; it separates here and there, inside and outside. Space outside, front and back.” Inspiration
窗作为一种观法 | Interpret Culture in Architectural View. • 语言学家Yasunari Ueda认为在各国语言中，窗这个词的形成 与窗本身的功能分化和概念的形成有关。它的词源主要分为 三种类型：风之眼，洞口和眼睛。 • 社会学家Geory Simmel 认为窗户有两个基本含义，首先它 是一条以观看为目的的视觉路径，其次是建筑内部和外部之 间建立的单方面联系。 Window as a way of viewing • Linguist Yasunari Ueda believes that the formation of the word window in various languages is related to the functional differentiation and concept formation of window itself. Its etymology is mainly divided into three types: eye of the wind, hole and eye. • Sociologist Geory Simmel believes that windows have two basic meanings, firstly it is a visual path for the purpose of viewing, and secondly it is a one-sided connection established between the interior and exterior of a building. 窗与“取景框” •窗，建筑构件之一，用于墙壁中的空洞部分。 •窗字最早为“囱”，《说文解字》中：“囱，在墙曰牖，在屋 日囱。象形。窗，或从穴。”远古先民的穴居在屋顶开口， 既可以采光又可以进出，起到门的作用，有行为属性。 • 中国传统美学中，窗是“取景框”，可以显景，本身亦成为 “景”。窗与生活场景有关，是感受世界的媒介。 Window and “viewing frame” •Window, one of the building components used in the cavity in the wall. •The earliest word for window is "chimney". In "Shuowen Jiezi": "Chimney is called a chimney when it is on the wall, and it is called a chimney when it is in the house. Pictogram. Window, or from a hole." Ancient ancestors lived in caves at the roof openings, which can be The lighting can be entered and exited, functioning as a door with behavioral attributes. • In traditional Chinese aesthetics, the window is a “viewing frame” that can show the scene and also becomes the “scenery” itself. Window is related to life scenes and is a medium for experiencing the world.
French windows with louvred timber shutters and fanlight, framed by moulded plaster architrave, 28 Sago Street shophouse. Stained glass windows，Chicken Farm Street, Malacca, Malaysia Glass painted Windows https://art.ltn.com.tw/article/paper/1241319 大莲之家， https://www.archdaily.cn/cn/934672/gahnjjiudian-ke-ke-niang-re-de-chuan-tong-te-sestudiolocomotive/5e4ab4c26ee67e293700002ahotel-gahn-studio-locomotive-photo
Shutters, Nyonya pattern, traditional Chinese flower window, outside the window is a constantly changing natural landscape, changes throughout the year, multi-level, tunnel composition, advanced sense, space design, 3D relief, fine details, tunnel composition, imagination, advanced sense, subtle, hollow design, light and shadow, 3D, minimalist vector painting, Romance, Artstation popular colorful vanilla oil, 3D relief, fine detail, wide view, epic detail, 16k
Extraction element •Graphical extraction of shutters in Nyonya architecture •Ten thousand character pattern •Patterns on tiles or textiles, such as flowers and various birds •Copper coins
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Outcome https://youtu.be/xxct0vv_fzo https://youtube.com/shorts/FBIpDwXhMH4?feature=share • The window is the same as the viewfinder. Everything outside the window is a unique painting that is constantly changing. I want to make a unique picture frame to record beautiful moments.