ჟურნალი 1 (1) 2024 წ. - სრული

23ebh eTnografiul-istoriul-genealogiuri kvlevis centri yovelTviuri Jurnali # 1 (1) 2024 w. .

aq SesaZloa yofiliyo Tqveni reklama `warsuli mkvidri saZirkvelia awmyosi, rogorc awmyo momavlisa~ ilia WavWavaZe

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 saredaqcio werili `mxolod warsulis codniT daucavs yovels ers Tavisi erovneba, Tavisi arseboba, Tavisi vinaoba~ ilia WavWavaZe eTnografiul-istoriul-genealogiuri kvlevis centrma `arianqarTlma~, 2024 wlis ianvridan, daiwyo yovelTviuri, istoriuleTnogrfiuli, SemecnebiTi, eleqtronuli Jurnalis - `memkvidreoba~ gamocema. genealogiuri kvlevis centris JurnalSi Sesul, istoriul,, eTnografiul,-genealogiur da sxva xasiaTis statiebSi farTod iqneba gamoyenebuli multimediuri masala, rac egzom mravalmxrivsa da sainteresos gaxdis periodul gamocemas. istoriuli, eTnografiuli da genealogiuri Tematikidan gamomdinare, saqarTveloSi sadReisod arsebuli problemebi, gadaWris gzebi da miznebi: problemebi: saqarTveloSi mcxovreb, TiTqmis yvela gvarmodenilobas gaaCnia sakuTar sagvareulosTan dakavSirebuli Tqmulebani Tu legendebi ... TiToeuli aseTi gadmocema, ara marto qarTuli, aramed msoflio aramaterialuri kulturis Zeglia da gansakuTrebul dacvasa da movla patronobas saWiroebs, rac Cvenda samwuxarod, mizezTa da mizezTa gamo momavlis saqmed rCeba. dro ki gadis … winaprebTan erTad ikargeba da imarxeba is codna, rac ZvelT, didis rudunebiT, metnaklebad srulad moutaniaT Cvenamde; sazogadoebis mniSvnelovan nawilSi sakuTari genealogiis codnis done dabalia, Sesabamisad darRveulia sagvareulonaTesavuri kavSirebi; emigrirebul pirTa didi nawili, saqarTvelosa da sakuTari sagvareulos istoriis ucodinarobis gamo, advilad wyvets kavSirs deda samSoblosTan da sanaTesaosTan.

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 gadaWris gzebi: saqarTveloSi mcxovreb sagvareulTa uxuces wevrTa mier, Cvenamde motanili, zepirsityvieri genealogiur-eTnografiuli masalis Segroveba, damuSaveba da publikacia, rac mniSvnelovan Rirebulebas warmoadgens, rogorc Cveni qveynis, agreTve msoflio kulturuli memkvidreobisaTvis; saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa Soris, saqarTvelosa da sakuTari sagvareulos istoriis codnis donis amaRlebis xelSewyoba, rac ganapirobebs, saqarTveloSi mcxovreb nebismieri erovnebis warmomadgenlis srulyofil integrirebas sazogadoebaSi da mis gvarmodenilobis wevrTa Soris naTesauri kavSirebis ganmtkicebas. miznebi: saqarTvelos mosaxleobaSi arsebul aramaterialur kulturis ZeglTa moZiebisa da dacvisadmi interesis gazrda; genealogiis, rogorc damxmare istoriuli disciplinis popularizacia; saqarTvelos genealogiur-eTnografiul monacemTa cifruli bazis Seqmna. yovelTviur Jurnal `memkvidreobaSi~ ganxiluli iqneba Temebi: genelogiis safuZvlebis gacnoba da Tematur terminTa ganmartebani; masalebi saqarTveloSi mcxovreb calkeul sagvareuloTa istoriebis Sesaxeb; saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxis, qalaqis Tu soflis Taobaze Semdgari istoriulul-eTnografiuli kvlevebi; saqarTvelos istoriisa da eTnografiis, calkeuli aspeqtebis Semcveli publikaciebi; istoriul dokumentTa foto-aslebi, maTi teqstebi da ganmartebani; informacia, sagvareuloTa, calkeul ojaxebis winaprebsa da momavali Taobis Sesaxeb; saubrebi, qarTvelur saqmeTa moamagenTan.

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 3 s a r C e v i: 1. ciklidan - genealogiis anabana a. genealogia da genealogiis istoria saqarTveloSi - gv. 4; b. ras gvamcnobs Tqveni gvarsaxelis fuZe - gv. 5; g. toponimika - gv. 6. 2. ciklidan - masalebi saqarTveloSi mcxovreb sagvareuloTa istoriis Sesaxeb a. masalebi vasaZeTa sagvareulos istoriis Sesaxeb (nawili I) - gv. 6-23; b. anotacia - `masalebi gvexiZeTa sagvareulos istoriis Sesaxeb~ - gv. 24-34; g. istoriul-SemecnebiTi videorgoli SeylaSvilTa sagvareulos istoriis Sesaxeb - gv. 35-38; d. uZvelesi dokumenti, romelSic pavliaSvilTa gvarsaxeli ixssenieba - gv. 39-41. 3. ciklidan - aRwera `saqarTveloisa~ a. aWaris istoria da materialuri kulturis Zeglebi - gv. 42-57. 4. ciklidan - `qarTlis cxovrebis~ miviwyebuli furclebi a. qarTveluri sarwmunoeba - gv. 58-71; b. ilia WavWavaZis dabadebis TariRis dadgenisaTvis - gv. 72-74. 5. ciklidan - werilobiTi wyaroni gvamcnoben (istoriuli dokumentis foto-asli, misi teqsti da ganmarteba) a. 1781 wlis 29 dekembers, qarTl-kaxeTis mefis erekle II-is mier, Tavis 5 wlis qaliSvil, Tekla batoniSvilisadmi miwerili werili - gv. 75-76. 6. ciklidan - qarTvelur saqmeTa moamageni (saubrebi) a. saubari moZraoba `gavadroSianoT saqarTvelos~ lider giorgi vasaZesTan - gv. 77-84. 7. saaxalwlo xumrobebi a. anotacia - masalebi TovlispapaSvilTa sagvareulos istoriis Sesaxeb - gv. 85-88; b. saaxalwlo tradiciebi saqarTveloSi - gv. 89-94.

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 4 ciklidan genealogiis anabana genealogia da genealogiis istoria saqarTveloSi genealogia - berZnuli sityvaa da qarTulad sagvareulo xes an nusxas niSnavs. genealogia - istoriis damxmare disciplinaa, romelic Seiswavlis: sagvareuloTa warmomavlobas, gvarmodenilobaTa ganvlil gzas, avlens naTesaobiT kavSirebs sxvadasxva gvarCamomavlobaTa Soris da adgens sagvareulo nusxebs. genealogia mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli sxva, damxmare istoriul dargebTan: heraldikasTan, epigrafikasTan, qronologiasTan, sfragistikasTan da sxva. XI saukuniT TariRdeba, saqarTveloSi Semdgari, aqamomde moRweuli uZvelesi genealogiuri naSromi - sumbat daviTis Zis Txzuleba `cxovreba da uwyeba bagratonianTa~. Cvenamde moaRwia, XIV-XVIII saukuneTa manzilze Semdgarma, saqarTveloSi mcxovreb calkeul feodalur saxlTa sagvareulo nusxebma, matianeebma da qronikebma, romelnic mraval saintereso masalas Seicaven, imdroindel qarTvelTa yofisa da konkretul gvarmodenilobaTa genealogiis Taobaze, romelTa sadidebladac dawerila es naSromebi. bagrationTa dinastiis genealogiuri xis Sedgenis pirveli mcdeloba qarTlis mefes vaxtang VI bagrations ekuTvnis, misi janiSinobis periodSi, 1703-1712 wlebSi, Sedgenil iqna `bagrationTa genealogiuri xe~, romelic adamidan iwyeba da vaxtang VI-is SvilebiT sruldeba. saqarTveloSi genealogiis fundamentur, mecnierul Seswavlas safuZveli Cauyares didma qarTvelma istorikosebma da sazogado moRvaweebma. eseni arian: eqvTime TayaiSvili, ivane javaxiSvili, Tedo Jordanii, sargis kakabaZi, niko berZeniSvili, elene metreveli ...

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 5 ras gvamcnobs Tqeni gvarsaxelis fuZe qarTuli memkvidreobiTi saxelebi (sagvarovno saxeli, rogorc leqsikuri erTeuli), fuZeSi arsebul sityvaTa mniSvnelobis mixedviT, Semdgom jgufebad SegviZlia davalagoT: a). gvarsaxelTa udidesi nawili warmoqmnilia winaparTa pirsaxelebisa da metsaxelebisagan. Sesabamisad, maT fuZeSi fiqsirdeba winapris, sagvareulos fuZemdeblis sakuTari an zedmet saxelebi. papunaSvili - gvarsaxeli migvaniSnebs, rom sagvareulos fuZemdebels sakuTari saxeli `papuna~ rqmevia; qinqlaZe - gvarsaxeli migvaniSnebs, rom sagvareulos fuZemdebels metsaxeli `qinqla~ utarebia. b). gvarsaxelTa erTi nawili, warmoqmnilia winaparTa warmomavlobisa da sadaurobis aRmniSvneli sityvebisagan. mis fuZeSi devs winapris erovnebis, tomis an sacxovrebeli adgilis aRmniSnveli saxelwodeba. korinTeli - gvarsaxeli migvaniSnebs, rom sagvareulos fuZemdeblis winaparT an sofel korinTaSi unda ecxovraT, an misi mflobelni unda yofiliyvnen. mesxiSvili - gvarsaxeli migvaniSnebs, rom sagvareulos fuZemdebeli mesxTa toms miekuTvneboda; g). daxasiaTebis Semcveli gvarsaxelebi. maT fuZeSi devs winapris raime niSnis mixedviT daxasiaTebis Semcveli sityva, rogoricaa garegnoba, asaki, qonebrivi mdgomareoba da sxva. nazRaiZe - gvarsaxeli migvaniSnebs, rom sagvareulos fuZemdebels sisxli uzRia (samagiero gadauxdia). obolaZe - gvarsaxeli migvaniSnebs, rom sagvareulos fuZemdebeli oboli yofila; d). xelobisa da Tanamdebobis aRmniSnveli gvarsaxelebi. maT fuZeSi Sesulia winapris xeloba-Tanamdebobis aRmniSnveli saxelwodeba. amilaxori - gvarsaxeli migvaniSnebs, rom sagvareulos fuZemdebeli amilaxori - mejinebeTuxucesi yofila. mWedliSvili - gvarsaxeli migvaniSnebs, rom sagvareulos fuZemdebeli mWedeli yofila.

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 6 t o p o n i m i k a toponimika onomastikis Semadgeneli nawilia, romelic Seiswavlis geografiul dasaxelebas, mis mniSvnelobas, agebulebas da warmomavlobas. gansazRvravs toponimis gavrcelebis areals da zogjer asaksac. toponimTa erTobliobas toponomika ewodeba. toponimikis monacemebs farTod iyenebs sxvadasxva mecniereba: istoriuli geografia, eTnografia, genealogia, arqeologia, ekonomikuri istoria, enaTmecniereba, folkloristika da sxvani. toponimi mraval sxvadasxva informacias Seicavs. magaliTad: toponimma sarkineTma garkveuli samsaxuri gauwia arqeologebs dmanisis maxloblad, uZvelesi rkinis sabados mikvlevaSi. istoriul cnobebTan erTad toponimia mniSvnelovani wyaroa ama Tu im xalxis, tomis an sxva eTnikuri jgufis pirvelsacxovrisa da migraciis kvalis dasadgenad. saqarTvelos toponimiaSi dadasturebuli sparsuli, arabuli, Turquli, osuri da sxva fenebi, rac am enebze molaparake xalxebis saqarTveloSi migraciaze miuTiTebs. Tavis mxriv, `mogzauroba~ arc qarTuli toponimebisTvisaa ucxo. magaliTad: kaxeTis sofelTa saxelwodebebi: martyofi, ninowminda da sxva, gvxvdeba fereidanSi, iranis erT-erT provinciaSi, sadac mravali saukunis winaT gadaasaxla qarTvelni iranis Sahma abas I-ma. xSirad toponimebi werilobiT Zeglebze ufro asakovania. am SemTxvevaSi toponimia istoriuli leqsikologiis, istoriuli fonetikisa da dialeqtologiis kvlevis sagania. toponimebi, gansakuTrebiT mTebisa da wylebis saxelebi, rogorc yvelaze Zveli da myari erTeulebi, SedarebiT kargad inaxaven arqaizmebsa da dialeqtizmeb, rac xels uwyobs kvlevas ama Tu im enis substratis gamoyofaSi, garkveul teritoriaze Zveli enis aRdgenasa da misi gavrcelebis arealis SemosazRvraSi. saqarTveloSi toponimikuri muSaobis dasawyisi, vaxuSti batoniSvilis saxelTanaa dakavSirebuli.

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 7 ciklidan masalebi saqarTveloSi mcxovreb sagvareuloTa istoriis Sesaxeb m a s a l e b i v a s a Z e T a sagvareulos istoriis Sesaxeb RvTisa da eris samsaxurSi dgoma qarTvel kacs odiTganve hqonda gacnobierebuli. yoveli qarTvelis SegnebaSi ido, rom erTi Senakadi iyo im didi mdinarisa, romelsac saqarTvelo hqvia. icoda, rom sagvareuloTa TanadgomiT uZlebda qarTveli xalxi uamrav Wir-varams. nebismieri gvarmodenilobis warmoSoba, gamravleba da gansaxleba uSualo da pirdapir kavSirSia eris bedTan, radganac swored calkeul qarTul sagvareuloTa ganvlil gzaTa jami, krebuli, warmoadgens saqarTvelos bolo aswleulebis istorias. TiToeuli gvarCamomavloba eris simdidrea, ganumeorebeli da TviTmyofadia Tavisi arsiT. Sesabamisad, sagvareuloSi Semavali yoveli adamianic eris istoriis nawilia, misi jvris mtvirTveli. sagvareulos winaSe Rirsebis dacva, Sesisxlxorcebuli hqonda gvarmodenilobaTa TiToeul wevrs, rameTu odiTgan kargi kacoba kargi gvarobis ganmsazRvreli iyo. zogierT rCeul gvariSvilTa sagmiro saqmem uZveles istoriul wyaroTa meoxebiT moaRwia Cvenamde; zogierTis Rvawli ki xalxis xsovnaSia Semonaxuli da Taobidan Taobas gadaecema; mravalTa vaJkacobisa da samSoblosadmi Tavdadebis ambavi ki JamTa avbedobisa da gamo daviwyebas mieca da maT Sesaxeb cnobebi, Cvenamde moRweulma, qarTulma sigel-gujarma da legendebma ar Semogvinaxa. qarTlis cxovrebis - saqarTvelos istoriis cixe-simagris mSeneblobaSi Tavisi wili aguri vasaZeTa ZirZvelma da saxelovanma sagvareulomac dado.

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 8 Tavidanve unda iTqvas, rom qarTuli istoriul-eTnografiuli masala vasaZeTa da vacaZeTa memkvidreobiT saxelebs ar ganasxvavebs. saqarTveloSi mcxovreb, TiTqmis yvela gvarmodenilobas gaaCnia Tavis sagvareulosTan dakavSirebuli Tqmulebani Tu legendebi ... TiToeuli aseTi gadmocema, ara marto qarTuli, aramed msoflio aramaterialuri kulturis Zeglia da gansakuTrebul dacvasa da movla patronobas saWiroebs, rac Cvenda samwuxarod, momavlis saqmea. dro ki gadis, … winaprebTan erTad imarxeba da ikargeba is codna, rac ZvelT, didis rudunebiT, metnaklebad srulad moutaniaT Cvenamde. sofel efratis mcxovrebni `sofel efratidan Camosaxlebulad Tvlian TavianT Tavs amJamindeli xelvaCauris municipalitetis sofel maxoSi mcxovrebi vasaZeni, romlebmac ician, rom efratSi maTi winapari vacaZeTa gvarsaxels atarebda (efrats mosaxle vacaZeni dRes Turqul gvarze (qaia) iwerebian). es faqti Cven davadastureT eTnografiuli eqspediciis dros, orad gayofil maWaxlis xeobis zeda nawilSi, anu zeda maWaxelaSi, kerZod, sofel efratSi, romelic dRes arTvinis vilaeTis borCxis olqSi Sedis. efratelma vacaZeebma dagvidastures, rom osmalebma isini `qeSiSoRlad~ monaTles, radgan maTi winapari mRvdeli anu qeSiSi yofila. am mxareSi, vacaZis sagvareulo yvelaze gvian

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 9 gamusulmanebula. araa gamoricxuli, rom mRvdeli vacaZe adgilobriv efratis eklesiaSi moRvaweobda, romelic Tamar mefis dros maWaxlis dedaeklesiad iTvleboda (arqanjelo lambertis cnobiT, XVII saukunis I naxevarSi efratis eklesia wminda RvTismSoblis saxels atarebda). efratel vacaZeTa ganayofebi, romlebic dRes vasaZeebad iwerebian, cxovroben aWaris sxvadasxva soflebSic, agreTve guriaSi da sxva~ (n. kaxiZe; `etratze ametyvelebuli istoria~; baTumi 2013 w; gv. 52). vasaZeTa (vacaZe) gvarsaxelis etimologia aqamde gamocemul mecnierul, lingvistur SromebSi naklebadaa ganxiluli. naSromSi `masalebi vasaZeTa (vacaZe) sagvareulos istoriis Sesaxeb~ am Temaze detalurad arc Cven SevCerdebiT, radganac patronimis etimologiis axsna, Cvens mTavar mizans ar warmoadgens. qvemoT warmogidgenT vasaZeTa (vacaZe) gvarsaxelis etimologiis Cveneul varauds, magram aqve davsZenT, rom vasaZeTa (vacaZe) memkvidreobiTi saxeli Semdgom lingvistur kvleva-Ziebas saWiroebs. winapris sakuTari saxelidan moudiT gvarsaxelis fuZe vasaZeT. `vasa~, `vasasi~ sakuTari saxeli yofila qalisa Zvel saqarTveloSi (al. Rlonti; `qarTveluri sakuTari saxelebi (anTroponimTa leqsikoni)~; Tb. 1986 w; gv. 64). memkvidreobiT saxelTa umravlesobas safuZvlad winapris saxeli, an zedwodeba udevs. meore nawili cxovelis, frinvelis, mcenaris, saojaxo nivTis, musikaluri instrumentisa Tu sxva daniSnulebis mqone sagnis saxelwodebisagan iRebs saTaves. vacaZeTa (vasaZe) memkvidreobiTi saxelis Ziri - cxovelis saxelwodebas warmoadgens. qarTuli gvarsaxelebis fuZeSi xSirad gvxvdeba cxovelTa saxelwodebani, magaliTad: melia, mgelaZe, vefxvaZe, lomiZe, turaSvili, erkemliZe, vacaZeTa (vaci - mamali Txa) da sxva. amrigad memkvidreobiTi saxeli vasaZe (vacaZe) eponimiuri tipis patronimTa rigs ganekuTvnebian, mis fuZeSi fiqsirebulia winapris, sagvareulos fuZemdeblis anTroponimi. saqarTveloSi amJamad vasaZis garda, sxva derivatuli formis `vasa~, `vaca~ - Ziriani qarTuli gvarsaxeli ar gvxvdeba (a. silagaZe, a. ToTaZe; `gvar-saxelebi saqarTveloSi~; Tb. 1997 w; gv. 84). patronimi vacaZe saqarTveloSi amJamad moqmed memkvidreobiT saxelTa Soris ar fiqsirdeba. gvarsaxeli msgavsi aqvT da Zirad da sisxlad erTni arian odiTgan zemo maWaxelas xeobaSi mdebare, sofel efrats mosaxle vasaZeni (vacaZe).

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 10 maWaxelas istoriuli Temi samxreT-dasavleT saqarTveloSi, aWaraSi mdinare maWaxelas da misi Senakadebis: mindieTis wylisa da efratis Relis xeobebSi mdebareobs. am mxareSi adamianis cxovrebis kvali gviandeli brinjaos xanidan Cvens dromde TiTqmis uwyvetad modis. Tavisi geografiuli mdebareobiT, maWaxela mniSvnelovan rols asrulebda samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos, upirveles yovlisa, Woroxis xeobis mxaris ekonomikur da kulturul cxovrebaSi. maWaxelas xeobis warsulis Sesaxeb mniSvnelovani cnobebia daculi uZveles qarTul xelnawer dokumentSi, romelic cnobilia `maWaxlis xeobis sulTa matianis (tbeTis sulTa matiane)~ saxelwodebiT. masSi moxseniebulia maWaxelas TemSi imxanad mosaxle sagvareuloTa patronimebi, adgilis saxelebi, romlebic am gvarsaxelebs ukavSirdeba. XVII saukunis I meoTxedSi osmalebma daipyres mTeli samcxe-saaTabago. amave periodidan lazeTTan erTad, aWara-maWaxela Camoaciles saqarTvelos; mitacebuli teritoriebi sanjayebad (olqebad) dahyves. Tavdapirvelad calke olqs warmoadgenda maWaxela, romelic Cildiris (axalcixis) vilaieTSi Sedioda. ruseT-osmaleTis 1877-1878 wlebis omis Semdeg 1878 wels berlinis kongresis gadawyvetilebiT, maWaxela, saqarTvelos sxva istoriuli teritoriebTan erTad, osmalTa uRlisagan droebiT ganTavisuflda. am omis Semdeg maWaxlis mosaxleobis didi nawili TurqeTSi gadaixvewa: muhajiroba ganapiroba ruseTis xelisuflebis mier xelovnurad Seqmnilma mZime pirobebma (regionebSi ruseTi somxebs ufro endoboda, amave dros, sulTnis TurqeTs iafi muSaxeli esaWiroeboda). sofeli efrati

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 11 dRes maWaxelas erTi nawili, zemo maWaxela, kvlav TurqeTis sazRvrebSia moqceuli, qvemo maWaxela ki saqarTvelos SemadgenlobaSi, amJamindeli xelvaCauris municipalitetSi Sedis. qvemo maWaxelis soflebia: zeda CxutuneTi, qveda CxutuneTi, CiquneTi, cxemlara, skurdidi, aWarisaRmarTi, qedqedi, sindieTi, Janivri, gorgaZeebi, safutkreTi da sxva. TurqeTis respublikis sazRvrebSia zemo maWaxelis soflebi: xerTvisi, mindieTi, akria, qvabiskavi, zedvake da efrati. Cvenamde moRweuli uZvelesi werilobiTi wyaro, romelSic vacaZeTa (vasaZe) gvarsaxeli gvxvdeba XV saukuniT TariRdeba. samxreT-dasavleT saqarTvelos erT-erT istoriul provinciaSi - SavSeTSi (amJamad TurqeTis teritoria), romelic CrdiloeTiT uSualod aWaras esazRvreba, mdebareobs tbeTis saydari. misi maSenebeli qtitori yofila tao-klarjeTis bagrationTa ufrosi Stos (SavSeT-klarjeTis mflobelTa) warmomadgeneli gurgen I kurapalatis Ze, eriTsTavTerisTavi aSot III kuxi (-918 w.), manve dasva aq pirveli episkoposi, mtbevari (tbeli) stefane. sumbat daviTis Ze bagrationi amis Sesaxeb gvamcnobs: `aSot erisTavT-erisTavman, Zeman gurgen kurapalatisaman, romelsa ewoda kuxi, aRaSena tbeTi SavSeTs da ganasrula igi yovelTa gangebiTa da dasua pirvelad episkoposad ... stefane, uwyebiTa sulisa wmindisaTa~ (`qarTlis cxovreba~; t. I; redaqtori: s. yauxCiSvili; Tb. 1955 w; gv. 380). tbeTis taZarSi XII-XVII saukuneTa manZilze dgeboda SemwirvelTa saxelobiTi sulTa mosaxseniebelni - etratze Sesrulebuli saaRape CanawerTa vrceli nusxa. taZris SemwirvelTa Soris, amJamad TurqeTis teritoriaze mdebare saqarTvelos istoriul provinciaTa - SavSeTis, klarjeTis, eruSeTisa da zemo maWaxlis xeobis mcxovrebni yofilan. nusxaSi moxseniebuli pirni, ZiriTadad dabali fenis, glexobis warmomadgenelni arian, romelTa sagvareuloTa didma nawilma saukuneebs gauZlo da dResac `momqmed~ gvarmodenilobebad gvevlinebian. `tbeTis sulTa matianeSi~ qarTuli gvarsaxelebi warmodgenilia TiTqmis yvela im sufiqsiT, romelnic uwin da nawilobriv dResac awarmoeben qarTul gvarsaxelebs. esenia: -Ze, -Svili, -ur (-ul), -fxe, -ti, -Si, -ar, -eT. XV saukuniT TariRdeba nusxuri damwerlobiT Sesrulebuli, `tbeTis sulTa matianis~ is nawili, romelSic vacaZeTa (vasaZe, vacaeT) memkvidreobiTi saxeli ixsenieba: Canaweri qaragmebis gaxsniTa da mxedruli transliteraciiT ase ikiTxeba:

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 12 `sulsa vacaeT nikolozisa da misisa meuRlisa naTelis Seundven RmerTman~. interess moklebuli ar unda iyos `matianeSi~ -eT sufiqsiani ramdenime gvarsaxelis CamoTvla, romelTac Semdgom -Ze daboloeba miuRiaT: gaTenieTi - gaTenaZe, giorgaeTi - giorgaZe, dolieTi - doliZe, siraeTi - siraZe, cxadaeTi - cxadaZe, TavxeleTi - TavxeliZe da sxvani da sxvani. aqedan gamomdinare vacaZeTa da vacaeTTa gvarmodenilobaTa erTsisxloba eWvs ar iwvevs. tbeTis taZari (pavlinovis foto 1888 w.) XV-XVI saukuneebiTaa daTariRebuli `mateanis~ is nawili, romelSic kvlav ixsenieba vacaZeTa gvarsaxeli: Canawerebi qaragmebis gaxsniTa da mxedruli transliteraciiT ase ikiTxebian: `sulsa vacasZisa nikolozis da misisa meuRlis Tinas Seundven RmerTman~. `sulsa vacasZisa nikolozisa Seundven RmerTman~. `sulsa samadelisa vacasZisa nikolozisa Seundven RmerTman~. Cvensi azriT, `tbeTis sulTa matianeSi~ moxseniebuli oTxi nikoloz vacaZeni (vacaeTi) sxvadasxva pirovnebebi unda iyvnen. rogorc, bolo Canaweridan irkveva, erTi nikoloz vacaZe sofel smadas (smada - adigenis municipalitetis soflebis didi smadisa da patara smadis Zveli saxelwodeba) saxlobda.

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yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 18 bolo CanawerSi moxseniebuli nikoloz vacaZe sofel smadas ZirZveli mkvidri ar unda gaxldeT. Cvenis azriT, imxanad sofel smadas mosaxle nikoloz vacaZis gvarCamomavlobis Tavdapirveli, Ziri, samkvidro sacxovrisi, sofeli efrati unda yofiliyo. istoriisaTvis ucnob mizezTa gamo, aqedan unda gadasuliyo, uxsovar droSi, efratel vacaZeTa sagvareulos nawili samcxis sofel smadaSi samosaxlod. am mosazrebas amyarebs is faqti, rom sofel efratis toponimikaSi gvxvdeba iokonimi `vacieTi~, rac vacaZeTa gvarmodenilobis efratSi xangrZlivi mkvidrobis damadasturebelia. XV-XVI saukuneebiTaa daTariRebuli `mateanis~ CanawerebSi moxsniebuli vacaZeTa gvarsaxeli: `sulsa vacasZisa iovanes da misis meuRlis mariamis Seundven RmerTman~. `sulsa vacasZisa giorgis da misa meuRlisa mariamis Seundven RmerTman~. (ruseTis federaciis mecnierebaTa akademiis aRmosavleTmcodneobis institutis sankt-peterburgis ganyofileba; qarTul xelnawerTa fondebi; P-10 (P-13)). `tbeTis sulTa matianeSi~ moxseniebulia maWaxlis Temis ramdenime sofeli: zedvake, CiquneTi, CxutuneTi, efrati, xerTvisi (`yovelTa zedvakiT SemomwirvelTa~, `yovelTa evfratiT SemomwirvelTa~, `yovelTa xerTvisiT SemomwirvelTa~ ...) da iq mcxovrebi sagvareuloni. matianiseul gvarsaxelTa daboloebebi maWaxlis TemSi, ramdenime saxis sufiqsiTaa warmodgenili: -eT (giorgaeT, abeslameT, quabeleT, TevTieT, mefutkrieT, vacaeTi …); -Ze (basilasZe, kibelisZe, kirkitisZe, kortanelisZe, mWedlisZe, WaRumelisZe, sixaruliZe, vacasZe, mofirnasZe, pilpilasZe, civnarasZe, gorgoSasZe, gundarisZe, gorgasZe, SamanasZe, daviTaZe,…); -Svili (miqaSvili, malaymasSvili, qavTarasSvili ...), -uri/- uli (qoqoluri, TevTiuri, abeslamuri, gabriCiuli, verZauli ...). `tbeTis sulTa matianeSi~ moxseniebul, amJamad TurqeTis teritoriad miCneul, zemo maWaxlis xeobaSi mcxovrebTa, STamomavalT dResac axsovT TaviaanTi Zveli qarTuli gvarsaxelebi, Tumca TurqeTSi qarTuli gvarsaxelis tareba oficialurad didi xania akrZalulia: qavTaraZe, gorgaZe, futkaraZe, ZnelaZe, malaymaZe, kaxiZe, mofrinaZe, kirkitaZe, kortiZe, qoqolaZe, SamaniZe, dumbaZe, gundariZe, jinWaraZe, goraZe, gvianiZe, kiboriZe, TevTiZe, doloRniSvili, gvariSvili, faSiaSvili, civnariZe, faRava, qaTamaZe, vacaZe (vasaZe) ... matianeSi moxseniebul sagvareuloTa nawili ki iZulebuli iyo garideboda mters da

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 19 saqarTvelos sxvadasxva mxares Sexizvnoda. gadmocemiT: `rac aqedgan xalxi gaiqca gurjistanisaken, imdeni xalxi arc erTis aqauris mxridgan ar gaqceula iqiTkeno~. Tavidanve unda aRiniSnos, rom lixT-imereTSi Semdgar qarTul sigel-gujarSi vasaZeTa gvarsaxeli mcire raodenobiT ixsenieba, rasac garkveuli mizezebi gaaCnia: lixT-imereTis notio hava, romelic katastrofuli siCqariT iwvevda uZvelesi dokumentebis dazianebaganadgurebas. amasTanave qarTlis samefosTan SedarebiT dasavleT saqarTveloSi naklebad Camoyalibebulma saxelmwifo struqturebma, saubaria im biurokratiul aparatze, romelic nebismieri faqtis; boZebis, yidva-gayidvis, azatoba-Tarxnobis, sxvadasxva xasiaTis nusxadavTrebis Tu aRwerebis Seqmnasa da Senaxvas uzrunvelhyofs, agreTve ngrevam, Zarcvam da sisxlTa wvimebma, qarTlis cxovrebas ganuwyvetliv Tan rom sdevs, Cvenamde moRweul werilobiT da istoriul wyaroTa simwire ganapiroba. sofeli efrati aqamomde moRweul istoriul masalaSi vasaZeTa patronimi XVII saukunis II meoTxedidan moixsenieba. Cvenis azriT vacaZeTa ZirZvel sagvareulodan vasaZeTa gvarmodenilobis gamoyofa XV saukunesa da XVII saukunis II naxevramde periodSi unda momxdariyo. TavisTavad Cndeba kiTxva: Tu gvarmodeniloba XV saukunidan an ufro Zveli droidan arsebobs, ratom ar ixsenieba qarTul werilobiT wyaroebSi XVII saukunis II meoTxedamde? vin icis, iqneb ixsenieboda da albaT asec iqneboda, magram uamravi dokumenti ganadgurebulia: dakargulia imereTis samefos da guriis mTavris saxlis arqivis didi nawili,

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 20 romelic mraval Zvirfas, maT Soris uZveles, tyavze (etrati) daweril sabuTs Seicavda, aRar arsebobs guriis droebiTi mmarTvelobis da ozurgeTis mazris arqivebi, romelic 1896-1898 wlebSi yasbebs mihyides, rac gadarCa 1920-1921 wlebSi qaRaldad gayides. amave xanebSi aseve qaRaldad gaiyida guriis sasoflo sazogadoebebis arqivebic. ramdenime wliT adre, 1915 wlis ianvarSi, ruseTSi gaizida da iq samoqalaqo omis xanZarSi Caiferfla quTaisis sagubernio arqivis nawili, romelSic dasavleT saqarTvelos da maT Soris guriis sabuTebic inaxeboda. dakargulia guriis xinos, Semoqmedisa da jumaTis saepiskoposo kaTedris sabuTebi. imereT-guriis 1819-1820 wlebis ajanyebis dros, rusTa generalma aleqsi aleqsandres Ze veliaminovma, guriis mTavris, mamia V gurielis biZis, qaixosro gurielis sasaxle gaanadgura, romelSic SesaniSnavi biblioTeka gaxldaT ganTavsebuli. wignTsacavSi ki, rogorc cnobilia, am mxareSi Sedgenili qarTuli xelnaweri wignebi da unikaluri dokumentebi yofila daculi. uamravi saeklesio davTari da eklesiaSi Semonaxuli sabuTi ganadgurda guriis eklesiebTan erTad bolSevizmis wlebSi. rogorc ukve iTqva, Cvenamde moRweuli uZvelesi qarTuli werilobiTi wyaro, romelSic vasaZeTa gvarsaxeli dRevandeli formiT gvxvdeba XVII saukunis II meoTxediT TariRdeba. XI saukuniT TariRdeba xelnaweri wigni `svinaqsari~ (krebuli, romelSic Sedioda wmindanebis martviloba-cxovrebaTa Semoklebuli redaqciebi), romelzec mogvianebiT, XVI-XVII saukuneebSi mravali sxvadasxva xasiaTis minaweria datanili. xelnaweri wignis 63 v gverdze mxedruli damwerlobiT Sesrulebul minawer sulTa mosaxseniebelSi vkiTxulobT: `sulsa vasaZisa moZRurisa gedeosa da misaTa mama dedaTa Seundnes RmerTman ...~ (xelnawerTa erovnuli centri; A-97). xelnaweri wignis furclebze tao-klarjeTs, aWara-guriasa da imereTs mosaxle mravali piris sulis moxaxseniebeli ikiTxeba, rogorc Cans tao-klarjeTSi osmalTa moZalebis Semdgom (XVII saukunis I meoTxedSi osmalebma daipyres mTeli samcxe-saaTabago. amave periodidan lazeTTan erTad aWara-maWaxeli Camoaciles deda-samSoblo saqarTvelos), saqarTvelos am uZveles kuTxeebidan ltolvilma qristianebma, giorgi mTawmindlis naTargmni es Zvirfasi wigni, jer guriaSi, Semdeg, imereTSi gadmoxiznes. CvenTvis saintereso minaweri, romelSic Zirad zeda maWaxlel, sofel efratel vasaZeTa, yofil

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 21 vacaZeTa sagvareulos gvarsaxeli ixsenieba. aRsaniSnavia, rom vacaZeTa memkvidreobiTi saxeli ukve vasaZis formiTaa dafiqsirebuli. Sesabamisad minaweri vasaZeTa sagvareulos nawilis guriaSi saxlobis xanas miekuTvneba, radganac `svinaqsari~ im droisaTvis, swored guriaSi inaxeboda. es periodi ki daaxloebiT XVII saukunis II meoTxeds unda moicavdes. amasTanave, `svinaqsarze~ datanil, daaxloebiT imave periodis, msgavsi xeliT Sesrulebul minawerebSi moxseniebul gvarsaxelTa mixedviT Tu vimsjelebT, sulis mosaxsenieblis es nawili, aSkarad guriaSi unda SeedginaT (ufro zusti lokalizacia ver xerxdeba). minawerSi RvTis winaSe SendobiT moxseniebul eklesiis samsaxurSi mdgar moZRvars gedeon vasaZes aSkaraa, rom raRac Rvawli miuZRoda im eklesiis mimarT, romelSic im xanad, es `svinaqsari~ inaxeboda. Tavisuflad SesaZloa, rom moZRvari gedeon vasaZe guriis im eklesiaSi msaxurobda, romelSic imxanad daculi gaxldaT xelnaweri wigni da RmrTisadmi erTgulebis sanuqfod unda daetanaT misi da misi ojaxis wevrTa sulis mosaxseniebli `svinaqsarze~. minaweri cxadyofs, rom moZRvar gedeon vasaZe eklesiis samsaxurSi mdgara, rac TavisTavad mis ganswavlulobaze migvaniSnebs. rac Seexeba, im xanad vasaZeTa sagvareulos socialur mdgomareobas - eWvgareSea, rom im droisaTvis, saeklesio samsaxurSi dgomas, SeZlebuli ojaxiSvilni Tu aRwevdnen, aRzrdisa da swavla-ganaTlebis SeZena mxolod ekonomiurad Zlier, dawinaurebul sagvareuloTa wevrT SeeZloT. yovelive zemoT Tqmulidan gamomdinare, XVII saukunis II meoTxedi vasaZeTa sagvareulos aRzevebis xanad unda miviCnioT. am periodSi vasaZeTa gvarCamomavlobis warmomadgenelni, dawinaurebul saero da saeklesio samsaxurSi unda mdgariyvnen. radganac sagvareulodan mxolod erTi an ori kacis aRzeveba sruliad gamoricxulia. Cven mier zemoT naxseneb moZRvar gedeon vasaZis gverdiT am gvarmodenilobis sxva, ganswavluli wevrebic unda mdgariyvnen, romelTa Sesaxeb cnobebma, mraval mizezTa da gamo, Cvenamde ver moaRwies. Semdgomi wlebis qarTul sigel-gujrSi guria-aWaras mosaxle Zirad efratel vasaZeTa gvarmodeniloba aRar ixsenieba. samwuxarod, saukuneTa manZilze aWara da qvemo guria qarTul saxelmwifoebrivi marTvelobis qveS ar imyofebodnen da Sesabamisad, am periodis, qarTuli werilobiTi masalac ar moipoveba. mraval werilobiT wyaros arc zemo gurias mosaxle Zirad efratel vasaZeTa Taobaze mouRwevia dRemde.

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 22 aqamomde moRweul saarqivo-dokumentur masalaSi zemo gurias mosaxle vasaZeni XVIII saukunis bolo meoTxedidan moixseniebian. XIX saukuneSi moRvawe didma qarTvelma istorikosma dimitri baqraZem, 1873 wels, imogzaura guria-aWaraSi da 1878 wels qalaq sanqtpeterburgSi, qarTvelTaTvis egzom saSur masalaze dayrdnobiT gamoqveynda, naSromi `arqeologiuri mogzauroba guriasa da aWaraSi~. wignSi Sesulia, mkvlevaris mier mikvleuli uamravi sabuTis anotacia. baton dimitri baqraZes am mogzaurobisas guriaSi orasze meti istoriuli dokumenti Seukrebia. zogis sabuTis dedani, zogisa ki asli mkvlevars sanqt-peterburgSi wauRia da mecnier mari brosesaTvis gadaucia. werilobiTi masalis mcire nawili broses Tavis naSromebSi aqvs gamoyenebuli, vrceli nawili ki, savaraudod, ruseTis arqivebSi unda iyos mimofantuli. qvemoT mogvaqvs dimitri baqraZis mier gamoqveynebul naSromSi `arqeologiuri mogzauroba guriasa da aWaraSi~ Sesuli im dokumentis anotacia, romelSic vasaZeTa gvarsaxeli ixsenieba. dimitri baqraZes wignSi am sabuTis mxolod mokle Sinaarsi aqvs Setanili. mogvianebiT, baton dimitris baqraZis mier Segrovili masalis mxolod mciredi nawili daubrunda saqarTvelos, romelic centralur saistorio arqivSi inaxeba. guriaSi giorgi V gurielis, gurielad zeobis wlebiT (1756-1758, 1765-1771 da 1776-1788 w.w.) TariRdeba giorgi V-isa da mis vaJiSvilTa, svimon da vaxtang batoniSvilTa mier, `erTgul msaxur~, ioane asaTianisa da misi SvilTadmi boZebuli yma-mamulis wyalobis sigeli. sabuTSi sofel askanas (ozurgeTis municipaliteti) mcxovreb, aznaur asaTianTa glexis, gabriel vasaZis, erTi komli ixsenieba; - me (giorgi V) saZmo (ioane asaTianis uZeod gardacvlili Zmis, beJan asaTianis naqoni yma-mamuli) mamuls mTxovdi da Cemi brZanebiT erTi

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 23 komli glexi gabriel vasaZe misi `saxl-kariT, Wur-mamuliT~ dauTme iasela asaTians; magram axla am wyalobis wigniT pirobas gaZlev, rom arc me, arc Cemma Svilma araferi ar gTxovoT Seni Zmis beJanis souli mamulidan. sigelis mowmeni yofilan: giorgi, bebur da zaal jayelni. sabuTi dawerilia mdivan ieses xeliT. dokuments boloSi uzis giorgi V-is beWedi (Д. Бакрадзе; `Археологическое путешествие по Гурии и Аджаре~; Санкт-Петербургъ, 1878 г; ст. 208, 313). Cvens mier zemoT motanil sabuTis anotaciaSi moxseniebuli, askanel - aznaur asaTianTa glexi, gabriel vasaZe da momdevno sabuTSi moxseniebuli gabriel vasaZe savaraudod erTidaigive pirovneba unda iyos. 1782 wels dawerila winamZRvar nikoloz wulukiZis mier sofel gamoCinebulis (samtrediis municipaliteti) eklesiisadmi boZebuli SewirulobaTa wigni. sabuTSi winamZRvris mier asaTianisgan daxsnili gabriel vasaZe da misi Svilebi gogiela, iesela da maxarobela vasaZeni ixseniebian: `q. Sen, uZlevelo mxedaro giorgi da sadguri Senisa gamoCinebulisa, eklesiasa me, mosavman Senman wulukiZem nikolozman ase, rom asaTianisagan davixseni vasaZe gabriel da misi Svili gogiela, iesela da maxarobela, Semogwire maTis col-SviliT, begraT davadevi bxarauloba, weliwadSi erTi maspinZloba mis saxlSi. sxva amis meti gadasaxadi arasferi saTxovari amis amas ar sTxoos: arc yanoba da arc muSis bxarauloba. awe eseviTarad gagviwesebia; da vinc Cveni Semdegi winamZRvari iqneT, es kaci gebralebodes. aw vinc es wigni SeSalos, isimc SeiSleba sjulis qristianobisagan; masamc risxavs Tavad dausabamo RmerTi da yoveli misi wmindanni zecisani da qveynisani, xorcieli da uxorconi. SeCvenebulic iqneba oTxTa patriaqTagan, SvidTa krebaTagan, aTormetTa mociqulTagan. SemSleli amisi SeSalos RmerTman. damamtkicebeli amis akurTxos RmerTman. aw aris amisi mowame: fxeiZe beri, kandelaki giorgi, misi Zma beri da nikoloz da parTen, SaniZe giorgi, xelosani SaniZe daviT, xaxala da xosrua, kiwmarisSvili giorgi. me, avalians mamukas damiweria da mowameca var amisi. daiwera qoronikons aTas Svidas oTxmocdaors~. (saqarTvelos erovnuli saistorio arqivi; fondi 1448; sabuTi # 3228). (gagrZeleba ixileT Jurnalis momdevno nomerSi).

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 24 a n o t a c i a masalebi gvexiZeTa sagvareulos istoriis Sesaxeb RvTisa da eris samsaxurSi dgoma qarTvel kacs odiTganve hqonda gacnobierebuli. yoveli qarTvelis SegnebaSi ido, rom erT Senakads warmoadgenda, im didi mdinarisa, romelsac saqarTvelo hqvia. icoda, rom sagvareuloTa TanadgomiT uZlebda qarTveli xalxi uamrav Wirvarams. nebismieri sagvareulos warmoSoba, gamravleba da gansaxleba uSualo da pirdapir kavSirSia eris bedTan, radganac swored calkeul qarTul sagvareuloTa istoriaTa jami, krebuli warmoadgens saqarTvelos bolo aswleulebis matianes. TiToeuli sagvareulo eris simdidrea, ganumeorebeli da TviTmyofadia Tavisi arsiT. Sesabamisad, sagvareuloSi Semavali yoveli adamiani, eris istoriis nawilia, misi jvris mtvirTveli. sagvareulos winaSe Rirsebis dacva, Sesisxlxorcebuli hqonda gvarmodenilobis TiToeul wevrs, rameTu odiTgan kargi kacoba, karg gvariSvilobas gansazRvravda. zogierT, rCeul gvariSvilTa namoRvawari uZveles matianeTa furclebzea daculi. zogierTis Rvawli da sagmiro saqmeni ki xalxis xsovnaSia Semonaxuli da Taobidan Taobas gadaecema. unda aRiniSnos, rom qarTlis cxovrebis - saqarTvelos istoriis cixe-simagris mSeneblobaSi Tavisi wili aguri gvexiZeTa ZirZvelma da saxelovanma sagvareulomac dado. gvexiZeTa gvarsaxelis etimologia, aqamomde gamocemul mecnierul, lingvistur SromebSi naklebadaa ganxiluli. naSromSi `anotacia - masalebi gvexiZeTa sagvareulos istoriis Sesaxeb~ am Temaze detalurad arc Cven SevCerdebiT; radganac, patronimis etimologiis axsna, Cvens mTavar mizans ar warmoadgens. qvemoT warmogidgenT gvexiZeTa memkvidrebiTi saxelis etimologiis ganmartebas, TumcaRa aqve davsZenT, rom gvexiZeTa gvarsaxeli Semdgom lingvistur kvleva-Ziebas saWiroebs. winapris sakuTari saxelidan moudiT gvarsaxelis fuZe gvexiZeT. `gvexi` - zedmetsaxeli unda yofiliyo kacisa Zvel saqarTveloSi.

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 25 balszemoT svaneTs mosaxlenni unayofo, xriok, qvian miwas - `gvexs~, `gvehs~ (legvexli) uxmoben; magar, umwifar xilze ityvian `gvexl~, `ligveh~ - fqva, `xi~ - xar, `gve xi~ - damfqvavi xar (mewisqvile); `gvi (gve)~ - guli. `gve xi~ - guli xar (lingvisturi ganmartebebi ekuTvnis baton sergo gvexiZes). am CamonaTvalidan romelime, Tavdapirvelad, Tikunad qceula kacisad, xolo Semdgom gvexiZeTa gvarsaxelis fuZeSic damkvidrebula. amgvarad, memkvidreobiTi saxeli gvexiZe, eponimuri tipis patronimTa rigs ganekuTvneba, eseigi mis fuZeSi fiqsirebulia winapris sagvareulos fuZemdeblis anTroponimi. saqarTveloSi gvexiZeTa gvarsaxelis garda sxva `gvex~ - Ziriani, derivatuli formis qarTuli memkvidreobiTi saxelebi ar gvxvdeba (a. silagaZe, a. ToTaZe; `gvarsaxelebi saqarTveloSi~; Tb. 1997 w; gv. 58). sofel daryas wminda giorgis saxelobis eklesia gvarsaxeli erTi aqvT da Zirad, sisxlad erTni arian odiTgan zemo imereTs, sofel daryas mcxovrebi gvexiZeni. saCxeris municipalitetis sofeli darya, sofel Walis TemSi Sedis da imereTis platoze, mdinare yvirilas marcxena napirze mdebareobs. soflis dasaxeleba `darya~, igive `darg yau~ osTa eniTgan qarTulzed, `grZel soflad~ iTargmnis. eTnografiuli imereTi or nawilad - zemo imereTad da qvemo imereTad iyofa. imereTSi gamoiyofa agreTve okriba, romelic ZiriTadad dRevandeli tyibulis municipalitetis teritorias moicavs. `zemo imereTi~ feodaluri xanis gvian saukuneebSi gaCenili terminia. ufro adre imereTis aRmosavleTi mxaris saxelwodeba argveTi (margveTi) iyo. leonti mrovelis cnobiT argveTi (margveTi) moicavda teritorias raWis

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 26 mTebidan fersaTis mTebamde da lixis qedidan rionamde. Tavdapirvelad, argveTSi Sedioda okribac. marTalia, saqarTvelos yvela eTnografiuli regioni gamoirCeva stumarTmoyvareobiT, magram imeruli stumarmaspinZlobis wesebi gansakuTrebulia. imereli glexkaci Tavisi etiketiTac cnobili iyo. vaxuSti bagrationi imerlebs Semdegnairad gvixasiaTebs: `xolo kacni da qalni, viTarca vsTquT, egreca iuwye, garna uSuenieresadca da uuhaerovnesadca, vinaiTgan glexTaca Svilni migvanan warCinebulTa SvilTa. sufTani samoselT gamwysoni; egreTve cxenTa, da iaraRTa, da saWurvelTa, cqvitni, kiskasni, enatkbilni, msubuqni, ficxni, brZolasa SemarTebelni da Zlierni, da ara sulgrZelni mas Sina da sxuiTa Sinaca, uxvni da momxueWeni, dReisis mZibelni, xualisis ara gammkiTxvelni, momReral-mgalobelni da mwignobarni warCinebulni. sarwmunoebiTa da eniT arian qarTvelTa Tana aRmsarebelni aramed ucqvitesad moubarni~ (vaxuSti batoniSvili; `aRwera samefosa saqarTvelosa - qarTlis cxovreba~; t. IV; Tb. 1973 w; gv. 745-746). Cvenamde moRweul qarTul sigel-gujarSi gvexiZeTa gvarsaxeli, Tavdapirvelad, XVIII saukunis dasawyisidan, Sida qarTlSi ixsenieba, rasac garkveuli mizezebi gaaCnia; dasavleT saqarTvelos notio hava katastrofuli siCqariT iwvevda uZvelesi dokumentebis dazianebaganadgurebas. amasTanave, qarTlis samefosTan SedarebiT, imereTis samefoSi naklebad Camoyalibebulma saxelmwifo struqturebma, saubaria im biurokratiul aparatze, romelic nebismieri faqtis - boZebis, yidvagayidvis, azatoba-Tarxnobis, agreTve sxvadasxva xasiaTis nusxa-davTrebis Tu aRwerebis Seqmnasa da Senaxvas uzrunvelhyofs. agreTve, ngrevam, Zarcvam da sisxlTa wvimebma qarTlis cxovrebas ganuwyvetliv Tan rom sdevs, imereTis samefoSi Semdgar, Cvenamde moRweul istoriul wyaroTa simwire ganapiroba. gvexiZeTa gvarCamomavlobis wevrTa gansaxlebis arealiTa da sagvareulos wevrTa raodenobiT Tu vimsjelebT, gvarmodeniloba sakmaod Zvelia da daaxloebiT XVII saukunis dasawyisSi unda iRebdes saTaves. TavisTavad Cndeba kiTxva: Tu sagvareulo XVII saukuneSi ukve arsebobda, xSirad ratom ar gvxvdeba qarTul werilobiT wyaroebSi? vin icis, iqneb gvxvdeboda da albaT asec iqneboda. garda zemoT motanili mizezebisa, uamravi dokumenti ganadgurebulia Cveni uvicobisa da gamo: 1914-1915 wlebSi, pirveli msoflio omis dros, osmaleTis armias Tbilisis, quTaisis da baTumis dakavebis mcdelobebi hqonda. swored am saSiSroebis gamo, ruseTSi, CrdiloeT kavkasiis qalaq

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 27 giorgievskSi, gaizida da iq 1920 wlis seqtemberSi, samoqalaqo omis xanZarSi, Caiferfla, quTaisis guberniis miwaTmoqmedebisa da saxelmwifo qonebis arqivi TiTqmis mTlianad, romelSic dasavleT saqarTvelos uamravi sabuTic inaxeboda. ganadgurebas gadarCenili uZvirfases werilobiT ZeglTa mcire nawili, 1923 wels saqarTvelos daubrunda da amJamad saistorio centralur arqivSi aris daculi (s. kakabaZe; saistorio moambe - `saarqivo saqmis Sesaxeb saqarTveloSi~; 1924 weli; gv. # 267). saqarTveloSi mcxovreb, TiTqmis yvela gvarmodenilobas gaaCnia Tavis sagvareulosTan dakavSirebuli Tqmulebebi Tu legendebi ... TiToeuli aseTi gadmocema, ara marto qarTuli, aramed msoflio aramaterialuri kulturis Zeglia da gansakuTrebul dacvasa da movla patronobas saWiroebs, rac Cvenda samwuxarod, momavlis saqmea. dro gadis … Cvens winaprebTan erTad imarxeba da ikargeba codna, rac Cvens ZvelT, didis rudunebiT, metnaklebad srulad moutaniaT Cvenamde. ase ubnoben gvexiZeni: adre, Cvens winaparT gvarsaxelad `gvexi~ utarebiaTo. gvar-tomis winamZRols, mxne, brge vaJkacs `gigil gvexi~ rqmevia. Sua saukuneebSi, sofel daryis Tavze didi dasaxleba yofila, romelsac `WabukmTas~ uxmobdnen. swored aq ucxovriaT gvexiZeTa winaparT. mTaSi, mdgar sofels `lekni~ dascemian da wminda giorgis saxelobis eklesiis axlo midamoebidan, maTi fexmZime rZali gautacniaT. gamohkidebia `gvexTa~ mdevari momxdurT, magram urjulo mterTan brZolaSi sruliad amowyvetilan, gadarCenila mxolod, gatacebuli fexmZime qali, romelsac biWi SesZenia. swored am biWisgan movdivarTo gvexiZeni. amasac ubnoben gvexiZeni: Cveni gvarmodenilobis mfarvel, Zlier salocavad, sofel daryis teritoriaze, WabukmTis namosaxlarSi mdgari, VIII-IX saukuneebiT daTariRebuli, wmida giorgis saxelobis salocavi iTvlebao. rogorc ukve iTqva, aqamomde moRweul qarTul werilobiT wyaroebSi, gvexiZeTa gvarsaxeli, XVIII saukunis dasawyisSi, Sida qarTlSi, fiqsirdeba. adreve, jer kidev XVII saukunis miwuruls, gvexiZeTa gvarmodenilobis nawili, istoriisaTvis ucnob mizezTa gamo, zemo imereTis, sofel daryadan Sida qarTlis sofel oZisSi (xaSuris municipaliteti) unda gadasuliyo samosaxlod. 1715 wels, nikoloz mrovels (orbeliSvili) Seudgenia ruisis samwysos davTari - Sida qarTlis istoriis umniSvnelovanesi wyaro.

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 28 davTarSi aRwerilia, eklesiis kuTvnili, Sida qarTlis 84 sofeli, romelnic dRes ZiriTadad xaSurisa da qarelis municipalitetebSi, anu ruis-urbnisis eparqiaSi Sedis. davTarSi Setanilia aseve iseTi dasaxlebuli punqtebi, romelnic dReisaTvis aRar arseboben. davTari sakmaod vrcelia amitom mogvaqvs mxolod sofel oZisis mcxovrebTa aRwera, romelSic gvexiZeTa gvarsaxeli gvxvdeba: `... oZisi: q. abazaZe revaz. sawiravi aZes. q. RvarZlaZe beJua. q. RvarZlaZe daTuna. q. RvarZlaZe beruka. q. JRenti daTuna. q. maWaraSvili beri. q. solakaZe beri. q. maWaraSvili ivane. q. JRenti Semaza. q. joreliSvili beri. q. gvexiZe Tamaza. q. gvexiZe ivana. q. gvexiZe nasyida. q. gvexiZe beri. q. bregvaZe beruka. q. kobalaZe sosia. q. kobalaZe zazuna. q. liparitaSvli paata. q. kiknaZe nasyida. q. kiknaZe Tevdora. q. kiknaZe Tamaza. q. kiknaZe sexnia. q. kiknaZe paata. q. kiknaZe biZina. Z. kiknaZe oTia. q. kiknaZe zuita. q. kiknZe esita. q. kiknaZe beria. q. kiknaZe Sio ...~ (`masalani statistikuris aRwerilobisa XVIII saukuneSi~; gamocemuli: e. TayaiSvilis redaqtorobiT; Tb. 1907 w.).

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 29 sofeli oZisi XVIII saukunis 20-ian wlebSi, Sida qarTlSi, musulman momxdurTa morigi Semosevebma sistematiuri xasiaTi miiRo. qarTlSi maTi parpaSi, TandaTan ufro gaZlierda da 1723 wels, qarTlis samefoSi, osmalTa mmarTveloba - `osmaloba~ damyarda. osmaleTis laSqarma Tbilisi da qarTlis sxva cixe-qalaqebic daipyro. didi mondomebisa da miuxedavad maT qarTlSi mefis xelisuflebis gauqmeba ver SesZles. magram faqtobrivad, mTeli Zalaufleba osmalTa xelSi gadavida. qarTvel feodalT, romelnic osmaleTis samsaxurSi Cadgnen, mamulebi osmaluri wesiT daumtkices. 1724 wels osmaleTis winaaRmdeg mowyobil did ajanyebaSi qarTvelni damarcxdnen. 1727 wels, qarTlis mefe ieses gardacvalebis Semdgom, mas memkvidre ar dauniSnes da amiT qarTlSi mefoba gaauqmes. qarTlis gamgeblad ishak-faSa daniSnes, rasac qarTvelma xalxma brZoliT upasuxa. 1735 wels qarTlSi didi ajanyeba daiwyo. qarTlelebma iranelTa daxmarebiT osmalebi qarTlidan gandevnes da roca, qarTls TiTqos unda amoesunTqa, daiwyo kidev ufro sastiki yizilbaSoba, romelic TiTqmis aTi wlis Semdgom, 1744 wels, Sewyda. qarTlis samefos cxovrebis swored am areul da awewil

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 30 monakveTSi, xdeboda Sida qarTlis da ara marto Sida qarTlis, dawiokebuli mosaxleobis soflidan sofelSi gaxizvna. SesaZloa, qarTlisaTvis am avbediTi periodis manZilze, Sida qarTlis sofel oZiss mosaxle gvexiZeTa gvarCamomavloba kvlav, mSobliur keras, zemo imereTs dabruneboda an rogorc, imxanad qarTlSi mosaxle, ara erTma sagvareulom, qarTlSi gadmosul gvexiZeTa gvarCamomavlobamac, ver gauZlo omebs, Zarcvas, SimSilsa da siduxWires da arseboba Sewyvita. XVIII saukunis Sua wlebidan, gvexiZeni imereTis samefoSi Semdgar sabuTebSic Canan. 1751 wlis 18 maisis `gasuls~, SeudgeniaT oTar gvexiZisa, misi saxlis kacisa da batonis, aznaur, zedgin abazaZis mier Tavad, beri (pirsaxeli) wereTlisaTvis micemuli gadawyvetilebis wigni: `q. ese gadawyvetilebis wigni mogec me, gvexiZem oTarma, da Cem saxlis kacma da batonma Cemma abazaZem zedgin, Sen, bers wereTels, da Sens Svilebsa, ase rome, xefinis xevSi xiznaT videq da abaSiZem zurab damyida col-SvilianaT. moxvel da Cemi coli Sen daixsen. axla gasyiduli movel da wamogedeve. is Cemi coli qalisTvin gagetanebina! is veRar iSovne, da imisi magier Tu ram iqneboda, gamogarTvi da gagirigdi. im qalis saqmeze SenTan xeli aRar mqondes. sxvaSi Sen aras erie, ubralo iyav da marTali gamoxvel. vinc Cemi damyidveli aris, me vici da iman. Sen gagirigdi; dRes da dReis iqiT SenTan xeli aRar mqondes; sikeTis meti aRara darComila ra salapariko Cveni Tqvenzeda. aris amisi mowame; WiRlaZe zal, jegaZe Sio, jobaZe goderZi, goglaZe daTua, xaCiZe daTuna da Tamaza. me, murvans, damiweria da mowameca var amisi. daiwera maisis Tvramets gasulsa, qoronikons ulT (1751 w.).~ (xelnawerTa erovnuli centri; Hd-909). `xefinis xevi~ ewodeba, zemo imereTis, xaragaulis municipalitetis soflebis, vertyvilasa da nadaburs Soris mdebare teritorias, swored iq unda mdgariyo xiznad oTar gvexiZe Tavisi ojaxiT. xizans, im xanad, axalmosaxle, miwis armqone glexs uxmobdnen, romelic sarCos mebatonisagan naqiraveb miwaze miRebuli Semosavlidan iRebda. XVIII saukuneSi Semdgar, qarTul sigel-gujarSi glexni gvexiZeni Canan, viTarca mowmeni da misandonni: qarTvelisa da imereTis mefeTa, kaTolikos-patriarqTa, TavadTa, aznaurTa da uaznoTa. RmrTisa da saqarTvelosa da bagrationTa taxtis ZlierebisaTvis, gvexiZeTa sagvareulos meomarni gamodiodnen: calkerZ, imereTis samefo laSqarSi: zemo imereTis sasardloSi: Tavad wereTelTa droSis qveS da

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 31 calkerZ, qarTlis samefo laSqarSi: memarcxened mimsvlel-mcemelTa sadroSoSi, Tavad amilaxvarTa droSis qveS. rusTa imperiis batonobis Jams Semdgar mraval saeklesio Canawersa da sxvadasxva saxis dokumentaciaSi fiqsirdeba, imxanad ZiriTadad imereTs mosaxle gvexiZeTa gvarmodeniloba. qvemoT movitanT, XIX saukuneSi Semdgar, ramodenime dokuments, romelnic egzom sainteresoa gvexiZeTa sagvareuloTa istoriisaTvis. XIX saukunis sxvadasxva periodidan, saqarTvelos yvela moqmed eklesiaSi iwarmoeboda aRsarebis mTqmelTa siebi da mrevlis dabadebis, naTlobis, qorwinebisa da gardacvalebis aRricxva. CvenTvis sainteresoa gvexiZeTa sagvareulos wevrTa mier dasaxlebuli soflebis eklesiaTa `metriCeskis wignSi~ gakeTebuli Canawerebi: imereTis sofel Walis (saCxeris municipaliteti) wminda giorgis saxelobis eklesiaSi Semonaxul aRsarebis mTqmelTa siebis Tanaxmad, 1841 wels soflad aznaur abaSiZeTa sabatono glex gvexiZeTa sam komls ucxovria: I. ivane beris Ze gvexiZe - 87 wlis; coli misi: darejan andrias asuli - 82 wlis; Svilni maTni: a). simon - 52 wlis; coli misi: barbare Tevdores asuli - 42 wlis; Svilni maTni: daviT - 12 wlis; grigol - 5 wlis; b). giorgi - 32 wlis; coli misi: maia papunas asuli - 31 wlis; Svilni maTni: TinaTi - 7 wlis; irine - 3 wlis. II. beri ivanes Ze gvexiZe - 52 wlis; coli misi: Tamar Tamazis asuli - 42 wlis; Svilni maTni: aleqsi - 12 wlis; sofia - 4 wlis.

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 32 III. giorgi beris Ze gvexiZe - 87 wlis; coli misi: Tamar giorgis asuli - 82 wlis; Svilni maTni: a). Tevdore - 48 wlis; coli misi: anna beris asuli - 44 wlis; b). kviria - 37 wlis; 3). simon - 34 wlis; coli misi: marine zaqarias asuli - 32 wlis; Svilni maTni: maqsime - 4 wlis. (quTaisis saxelmwifo arqivi; aRsarebis mTqmelTa siebi; fondi 21; anaweri I). feodalur xanaSi, sofel Walis mimdebare teritoria, Sedioda raWis saerisTavoSi da mas raWis erisTavi, kaxaber I ganagebda. gvian feodalur xanaSi, Wala Tavad abaSiZeTa samflobelo gamxdara. sofeli Wala Temis centria, romelSic Sedian soflebi: darya, drbo, zemo qarzmani, TedeleTi, perevi, sakoxia, sinaguri, speTi, tbeTi, qvemo qarzmani, Rona, Wurnali, jria, xaxeTi da jalabeTi. qvemoT movitanT Cvens xelT arsebul ramodenime saeklesio Canawers, romlebSic gvexiZeTa gvarsaxeli gvxvdeba. XIX saukunisa da XX saukunis dasawyisSi, zemo imereTis, erT-erTi uZveles soflis, speTis wminda macxovris eklesiaSi Semdgar metrikul CanawerebSi gvxvdeba, gvexiZeTa gvarsaxeli. `metriCeskis wigni micemuli saqarTvelo-imereTis uwmindesis sinodis kantoriTgan, imereTis eparxiis, Sorapnis mazris, soflis speTis (saCxeris municipalitetis sofeli speTi, imereTis maRlobze, mdinare yvirilis marcxena napiras mdebareobs) macxovris saxelobis eklesiasa Sina, Casawerlad dabadebulTa, qorwinebiT SeuRvlilTa da gardacvalebulTasa ... 1868 weli. daqorwinebulTaTvis: 9 ianvars daqorwinebulan: glexi gogia maqsimes Ze gvexiZe 15 wlis pirveli qorwinebiT da ioseb CxituniZis asuli magdan pirveli qorwinebiT 15 wlisa. sarZlos mxriT TavdeBbi beJan ivanes Ze CxituniZe. 1883 weli:

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 33 dabadebulTaTvis: 16 marts daibada mariam gvexiZe, romlis naTliac Tevdore giorgis Ze CxituniZe yofila. qvemoT movitanT batoni sergo gvexiZis mier mowodebul sofel daryis erT-erTi aRweris monakveTis Canawers da asls, sadac gvexiZeTa oTxi komlia Setanili: `... aznaur ioane abaSiZis glexni: ... ... giorgi gvexiZis komli, romelic oTxi mamakacisa da oTxi qalisagan Sesdgeboda; otia gvexiZis komli, romelic erTi mamakacisagan Sedgeboda ... aznaur daviT abaSiZis glexni: simon gvexiZis erTi komli, romelic ori mamakacisagan da eqvsi qalisagan Sesdgeboda;

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 34 uflisa gvexiZis komli, romelic ori mamakacisagan da erTi qalisagan Sesdgeboda ...~ (quTaisis saxelmwifo arqivi; fondi 98; anaweri 830; furceli 32). ukvalod ar Cauvlia gvexiZeTa sagvareulos Tavdadebul winaparTa garjas, rameTu jiSi arsebobs, memkvidreoba arsebobs, niWi ar ikargeba. Jami Jams misdevs ... erTguleba, vaJkacoba da Tavdadebis unari Taobidan Taobas gadaecema ... gardasul dReTa dideba da pativi arc uaxloes warsulSi, XIX-XX saukuneebSi dahklebia gvexiZeTa niWier da Sromismoyvare sagvareulos, romlis mravalma warmomadgenelma naTeli kvali datova saqarTvelos istoriaSi. amJamad gvexiZeni ZiriTadad cxovroben: imereTSi, saCxeris municipalitetSi soflebSi: daryaSi, savaneSi, argveTsa da merjevSi. agreTve mravlad arian qalaqebSi: Tbilissa da quTaisSi. saqarTveloSi gvexiZeTa did-pataris, qudosan-mandilosnis saerTo raodenoba as ocdaaT suls aWarbebs. mTlianad saqarTveloSi gvexiZe - 138 suli, aqedan: saCxeris municipalitetSi - 79, TbilisSi - 33, dedofliswyaros quTaisSi - 8 da sxvagan ufro mcire raodenobiT (a. silagaZe, a. ToTaZe; `gvar-saxelebi saqarTveloSi~; Tb. 1997 w; gv. 58). RmerTma amravlos gvexxiZeTa ZirZveli da saxelovani sagvareulo. `anotacia - masalebi gvexiZeTa sagvareulos istriis Sesaxeb~, mxolod wina etapia srulyofili naSromis Sesadgenad, romelSic Seva, gvexiZeTa sagvareulos zogadi istroriisaTvis egzom saintereso, istoriul-eTnografiuli masala da sasurveli soflis, Tqven, uSualo winaparTa saeklesio Canawerebi.

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 35 istoriul-SemecnebiTi video rgoli SeylaSvilTa da SeyelaSvilTa sagvareuloTa istoriis Sesaxeb s c e n a r i masalebi SeylaSvilTa da SeyelaSvilTa sagvareuloTa istoriis Sesaxeb RvTisa da eris samsaxurSi dgoma qarTvel kacs odiTganve gacnobierebuli aqvs. yoveli qarTvelis SegnebaSi devs, rom igi, erTi Senakadia im didi mdinarisa, romelsac samSoblo, saqarTvelo hqvia. nebismieri gvarCamomavlobis warmoSoba, gamravleba da gansaxleba, uSualo kavSirSia eris bedTan, radganac swored calkeul qarTul sagvareuloTa ganvlil gzaTa jami, warmoadgens saqarTvelos bolo aswleulebis istorias. qarTlis cxovrebis - saqarTvelos istoriis cixe-simagris mSeneblobaSi Tavisi wili aguri SeylaSvilTa ZirZvelma da saxelovanma sagvareulomac dado. winapris zedmet saxelidan moudiT patronimis fuZe SeylaSvilT. uZveles qarTuli sigel-gujarSi SeylaSvilTa gvarsaxeli Tavdapirvelad SeyrilaSvilis formiT gvxvdeba, `Seyrila~ ki `ficiT Seyrili~ kacis metsaxeli unda yofiliyo Zvel saqarTveloSi. gvarsaxeli msgavsi aqvT da sisxlad erTni arian, odiTgan zemo imereTs, sofel gorisas mcxovrebni SeyrilaSvilni igive SeylaSvilni. saqarTveloSi mcxovreb, TiTqmis yvela gvarCamomavlobas gaaCnia Tavis sagvareulosTan dakavSirebuli Tqmulebani Tu legendebi ... SeylaSvilTa sagvareulos nawilSi daculi erTi gadmocema gvamcnobs, rom maTi winaparni qvemo raWidan Camosulan samosaxlod, zemo imereTis sofel gorisaSi, sagvareulos salocavi am soflad mdgari `Txmorisis wminda giorgis~ saxelobis eklesiaa. Txmorisi ki sofelia qvemo raWaSi. SeylaSvilTa sagvareulos nawinili, am faqtis gamo ZirZvel sacxovrisad sofel Txmoriss miiCnevs.

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 36 SeylaSvilTa gvarCamomavlobis meore nawilSi Semonaxuli Tqmulebis Tanaxmad, maT ZvelT odiTgan Sida qarTlis sofel flevSi ucxovriaT. JamTa ukuRmarTobisa da gamo SeylaSvilTa winaparni, fuZesacxovrisidan ayrilan da zemo imereTis soflebSi: gorisaSi, ConToTsa da korboulSi gadasulan samosaxlod. JamiTi-Jamad zemo imereTs mcxovreb SeylaSvilTa sagvareuloSi gaCenilan Sto-gvarebi. eseni arian: `serelebi~, `lekiSvilebi~, `CaxCaxeebi~, `kozmaneebi~, `koRuebi~, `kobaleebi~, `komaneebi~, `kotuebi~, `makaraSvilebi~, `megrelebi~, `oboleebi~, `quTurebi~, `Stolarebi~, `WiWikosanebi~ da `yafiaRebi~. sofel gorisas "Txmorisis" wminda giorgis saxelobis eklesia Cvenamde moRweul qarTul sigel-gujarSi SeyrilaSvilTa, imav SeylaSvilTa gvarsaxeli, XVII saukunis II naxevridan fiqsirdeba. 1660-1681 wlebSi, imereTSi bagrat IV-is mefed zeobis Jams SeudgeniaT, xelmwifis mier, erTgul Tavad qaixosro, pata, beJan da qvel wereTelTaTvis micemuli yma-mamulis wyalobis wigni. dokumentidan irkveva, rom mefes Tavad levan abaSiZis kuTvnil mamulze mosaxle sami komli kaci, maT Soris sofel gorisas mcxovrebi SeyrilaSvilni Tavad wereTelTaTvis uboZebia. 1789-1810 wlebiT, imereTSi solomon II-is zeobis xaniT TariRdeba Tavad papuna da beJan wereTelTa gayris Taobaze Semdgari ganCineba, romelSic wereTelTa glexni, sofel korboulis mkvidrni papuna, Tamaza da sesiki SeylaSvilni da sofel gorisas mcxovrebi patiki SeylaSvili da erTi vinme SeylaSviliseuli nasaxlari ixsenieba.

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 37 XVII-XVIII saukuneTa manZilze Semdgar, qarTul sigel-gujarSi SeyrilaSvilni, igive SeylaSvilni Canan, viTarca mowmeni da misandonni: imereTis mefeTa, kaTolikos-patriarqTa, TavadTa, aznaurTa da uaznoTa. RmrTisa da saqarTvelosa da bagrationTa taxtis ZlierebisaTvis, SeylaSvilTa sagvareulos meomarni, komlze kacad gamodiodnen: imereTis samefo laSqarSi: zemo imereTis sasardloSi: Tavad wereTelTa droSis qveS. 1820 wlis 16 Tebervals dawerila sofel dunTas mcxovreb glex ivanika oTikis Ze zabaxiZis mier Tavad beJan wereTlisaTvis micemuli miwis nasyidobis wigni, romlis mowmeTa Soris wereTelTa saTavados xelosani daTiki SeylaSvilic saxeldeba. xelosnis saxelos, Tanamdebobis mflobelni, ZiriTadad sofelTa gamgebelni da wvril, sadavo saqmeTa gamrigeni iyvnen, romelnic mniSvnelovani privilegiebiT sargeblobdnen da Sesabamisad, msaxur glexTa Soris yvelaze maRal, gaaznaurebis gzaze mdgom fenas warmoadgendnen. imereTis zogierTi soflis eklesiaSi Semonaxul saeklesio CanawerTa mixedviT, XIX saukunis 40-iani wlebis dasawyisSi SeylaSvilTa gvarCamomavlobis wevrT ucxovriaT soflebSi: gorisaSi, dunTaSi, korboulsa da sairxeSi. 1872 wlidan ki SeylaSvilni qalaq quTaisSi damkvidrebulni Canan. SeylaSvilTa gvarCamomavlobaSi, Zalzed, mravaladaa daculi, eTnografiuli masala, maTi sagvareulos wevrTa, dro da dro zemo imereTidan saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi gadasaxlebis Taobaze. SeylaSvilTa sagvareuloSi Semonaxuli kidev erTi Tqmuleba wereTelTa karzed momsaxure ZmaTa pavle da kiko SeylaSvilTa Sesaxeb mogviTxrobs: erTxelac, wereTels kiko umizezod gaurozgavs. ver autania kikos damcireba da Tavadi moukvdinebia. Semdgom sisxlisRvras gamoridebian Zmebi da jer samcxe-javaxeTis sofel CorCanSi gaxiznulan, Semdgom ki aqedanac ayrilan da Sida qarTlis sofel waRvlSi gadasulan samosaxlod. umcrosi Zma petre ki sofel gorisaSi darCenila da misi STamomavalni dRemde, aq `serelebis~ ubanSi cxovroben. gadmocemas adasturebs, 1864 wels, Sida qarTlis sofel waRvlSi Catarebuli aRweris davTari, romelSic moxseniebulni arian, sofel gorisidan, gadmosaxlebuli Zmebi, pavle da kiko giorgis Ze SeylaSvilni. romelTa STamomavlnic, XX saukunis dasawyisSi, SeyelaSvilTa gvarsaxelze dawerilan.

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 38 ukvalod ar Cauvlia SeylaSvilTa sagvareulos Tavdadebul winaparTa garjas. rameTu, jiSi arsebobs, memkvidreoba arsebobs, niWi ar ikargeba. Jami Jams misdevs ... erTguleba, vaJkacoba da Tavdadebis unari Taobidan Taobas gadaecema ... gardasul dReTa dideba da pativi arc uaxloes warsulSi, XX saukuneSi dahklebia SeylaSvilTa niWier da Sromismoyvare gvarCamomavlobas, romlis mravalma warmomadgenelma naTeli kvali datova saqarTvelos istoriaSi. gansakuTrebiT aRniSvnis Rirsia 2008 wlis 11 agvistos ruseTsaqarTvelos omis dros, sofel SindisTan momxdar brZolaSi, daRupul `Sindisis gmir~, kapral ilia SeylaSvilis simamace. samSoblos usazRvro siyvarulisa da gamo msaxurobda ilia saqarTvelos Tavdacvis jarebSi, daWrili megobris gadasarCenad, erTgulebam gadaadgmevina is nabiji, romelmac samwuxarod misi sicocxle Seiwira. ilia SeylaSvili dajildovebulia medliT `mxedruli mamacobisTvis~. ilia SeylaSvili dakrZalulia muxaTgverdis ZmaTa sasaflaoze. Tbilisis erT-erT quCas ki misi saxeli ewoda. 2018 wlis gazafxulze Zirad gorisel Temur iuris Ze SeylaSvilis iniciativiT SeylaSvilTa da SeyelaSvilTa sagvareuloebis warmomadgenlebma gvarCamomavlobis wevrTa gasaerTianeblad da dasalocad daiwyes mzadeba. daiwera RvTismSoblis miZinebis saxelobis sagvareulo xati, Seiqmna sagvareulo niSani da droSa. 2018 wlis 21 oqtombers TbilisSi, samebis sakaTedro taZarSi Seikribnen SeylaSvilni da SeyelaSvilni, romelnic saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqma, uwmindesma da unetaresma ilia II-m daloca. amJamad, SeylaSvilebi da SeyelaSvilebi cxovroben: imereTSi, qarTlSi, kaxeTSi, samcxe-javaxeTSi, samegreloSi, afxazeT-samurzayanoSi, guriaSi, aWarasa da mciredni, saqarTvelos sazRvrebs miRma. saqarTveloSi mcxovreb SeylaSvilTa did-pataris, qudosanmandilosnis saerTo raodenoba 1312 sulia, SeyelaSvilTa ki 287 suli. RmerTma amravlos SeylaSvilTa da SeyelaSvilTa ZirZveli da saxelovani sagvareuloni. QR kodis meSveobiT, gadaxvalT Cvens iuTubi gverdze, sadac atvirTulia SemoqmedebiT jguf `genezisis~ mier momzadebuli, istoriul-SemecnebiTi video rgoli - `masalebi SeylaSvilTa da SeyelaSvilTa sagvareuloTa istoriis Sesaxeb~.

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 39 uZvelesi dokumenti, romelSic p a v l i a S v i l T a gvarsaxeli ixsenieba winapris sakuTari saxelidan moudiT gvarsaxelis fuZe pavliaSvilT. `pavle~, `pavlia~ - pirsaxelia kacisa saqarTveloSi. amrigad, patronimi pavliaSvili eponimuri tipis memkvidreobiT saxelTa rigs ganekuTvneba, eseigi mis fuZeSi fiqsirebulia winapris, sagvareulos fuZemdeblis anTroponimi. gvarsaxeli erTi aqvT, xolo Zirad da sisxlad sxvani da sxvani arian pavliaSvilni, rameTu JamiTi-Jamad da alag-alag, sxvaTa da sxvaTa pavliaTa STamomavalT pavliaSviloba gahgvarebiaT. pavliaSvilTa erTi gvarmodeniloba gigaurTa ZirZvel sagvareulodan iRebs saTaves. qarTl-kaxeTis soflebSi gigaurTa sagvareulodan mravali axali gvarmodeniloba warmoiSva. uwin axali gvCamomavlobis warmoSoba sayovelTaod gavrcelebuli movlena yofila saqarTveloSi. Zveli sagvareulo jer komloba-mamiSvilobad, budobad iSleboda, Semdeg ki amis safuZvelze Cndeboda axali gvarsaxelebi. gigaurTa sagvareulodan mravali axali Stonayari gvarCamomavloba warmoiSva. Zirad gigaurni arian: qsneli - TorelaSvileni, mawiaSvilni, mamamTavriSvilni, rostevaniSvilni, gaTenaSvilni, Woxurni, gabrielaSvilni, xrikulni, pavliaSvilTa nawili ... aragveli - Citaurni, cixelaSvilni, TaTaraSvilni, kotoraSvilni, papiaSvilni, gogiSvilni, SalvaSvilni, buCaSvilni, jiqurni, jiquraulni, gudaSvilni, mijaxtaSvilni, meliwkaurni, qadagiSvilni, babulaSvilni, pirmasaSvilni, qafiaSvilni, ferxulni, jangiraSvilni, RaniaSvilni, TaTikaSvilni, fridonaSvilni, saRiraSvilni, Canadirni, yarsimaSvilni, maxaraSvilni, merabaSvilni, namgalaurni, laSarulni, lixiSvilni, jlantiSvilni, buCaSvilni ... fSaveli da gudamayreli - anTaurni ... axmeteli - CaCaurni ... TianeTeli - meWiaurni ... aqamomde moRweul werilobiT wyaroebSi pavliaSvilTa gvarsaxeli XVI saukunis I naxevridan fiqsirdeba.

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 40 1523 wels SeudgeniaT, qarTlis mefis, daviT X-isa (zeobis wlebi 1505-1525) da qarTlis sxva didebulTa mier Tavad baraTaSvilTa gayris ganCineba, romelSic germanoz baraTaSvilisa da mis ZmaTa wilxvedri, sofel enageTs (TeTriwyaros municipaliteti) mosaxle erTi vinme pavliaSvili ixsenieba. sabuTi sakmaod vrcelia, amitom mogvaqvs SemoklebiT: `ze adidnes RmerTman mefeTa mefoba patronisa daviTisa, romlisa brZanebiTa davsxediT Cuen baraTaSvilTa saxlisa da mamulisa gasayoflad: TuiT patroni mefeTa mefe daviT da patroni luarsab, amilaxori Taya, ciciSvili merab, baraTianni iarali da orbeli, TurmanisZe rostevan, tfileli antoni, solaRaSvili Salva, wiTelaSvili giorgi, qavTarasZe Salva da SatberaSvili burnaS - gugunasa, qumsisa da germanozisa, Tayasa, gostasabisa, falavanxosrosa saqmisa gasaCenelad ... ... (Semdgom modis Tavad baraTaSvilTa ojaxebisaTvis mikuTvnebul yma-mamulTa nusxebi) ... ... miuxda maTa mamuli da soflebi germanozs da misTa ZmaTa ... ... mixuda enageTs: erT wilad daTonaSvili, kideve daTonaSvili; erT wilad asaTaSvili; erT wilad janiaSvili; erT wilad kideve enageTs: farilusaSvili, daguidebia zeda velijana; erT wilad TomiaSvili, daguidebia pavliaSvili; erT wild yaragozaSvili, daguidRebia qoStama; kidee enageTs: yurSiaSvili, daguidebia Taguis kudaSvili; kideve enageTs: maxtumaSvili; erT wilad memSuildiSvili; kideve e enageTs: aruwa, daguidebia zeda mWedeli ...~

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 41 sofeli enageTi sofel enageTis RvTismSoblis saxelobis eklesia Cveni organizaciis mier kvleva - `masalebi pavliaSvilTa sagvareulos istriis Sesaxeb~ araa Catarebuli. zemoT motanili masala mxolod wina etapia srulyofili naSromis SedgenisaTvis, romelSic Seva, pavliaSvilTa sagvareulos zogadi istroriisaTvis egzom saintereso, istoriul-eTnografiuli masala da sasurveli soflis, Tqven uSualo winaparTa, saeklesio Canawerebi.

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 42 ciklidan `aRwera saqarTveloisa~ aWaris istoria da materialuri kulturis Zeglebi aWara istoriulad saqarTvelos erT-erTi uZvelesi kuTxea, romelic geografiulad mesxeTis nawils Seadgenda. aWaris teritoria qvis xanidan moyolebuli yofila dasaxlebuli, rasac am periodis, aWaraSi aRmoCenili, uZvelesi arqeologiuri Zeglebi adastureben. aWara Tavdapirvelad, istoriul wyaroebSi ixsenieba, rogorc `aWaris xevi~, `aWaris xeoba~. aWara sam ZiriTad nawilad iyofa: zemo aWarad - romlis centri Tavdapirvelad sofeli didaWara yofila, Semdgom sofeli xixani da mogvianebiT ki xulo; centraluri aWara - romlis centric Suaxevi gaxlavT da qvemo aWarad - romlis centrsac qeda warmoadgens. saxelwodeba `aWara~ VII saukunidan fiqsirdeba. mecnierTa varaudiT `aWaras~ ukavSirdeba geografiuli saxeli `aWi~. Tavis mxriv ki es orive saxelwodeba ukavSirdeba `Wans~ da niSnavs `saWanos~. mTiani aWara Tavidanve unda iTqvas, rom saqarTveloSi qristianoba aWaridan Semovida. es udidesi mniSvnelobis istoriuli movlena dakavSirebulia qristes mociqul - andria pirvelwodebulTan, romelmac qristianoba saqarTveloSi, pirvelad aWaraSi iqadaga: `... Sevida queyanasa

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 43 qarTlisasa, romelsa didaWara ewodebis, da iwyo qadagebad saxarebisa ...~ (`qarTlis cxovreba`; tB. 1955 w; gv. 39). aWara rogorc erTiani saqarTvelos istoriuli mxare, werilobiT wyaroSi, qarTvelTa pirveli mefis, farnavaz I-is mefobis dros ixsenieba. leonti mrovelis cnobiT, farnavaz mefes Tavisi mmarTvelobis dasawyisSive qveyana saerisTavoebad dauyvia da erisTavni ganumwesebia: `... gagzavna oZrxis erisTavi, da misca taSiskariTgan vidre arsianTamdis, nostis TaviTgan zRuamdis, romeli ars samcxe da aWara ...~ (`qarTlis cxovreba~; Tb. 1955 w; gv. 24). VIII saukuneSi aWara, `qarTvelTa samefos~, bagrationTa samflobelos nawilia, xolo XI saukunis II naxevridan saqarTvelos erTiani feodaluri saxelmwifos SemadgenlobaSi Sedis. am periodSi zemo aWara klarjeTTan erTad abuseriZeTa saerisTavos Seadgenda da mniSvnelovan kulturulsaganmanaTleblo da politikur centri gaxldaT. XIII saukunis Sua wlebidan, aWara mis mezoblad arsebuli samcxe-saaTabagos samTavros erT-erT saerisTavos warmoadgens. XV saukunis Sua wlebSi, yvaryvare II jayelma, erTiani saqarTvelos ukanasknel mefesTan, giorgi VIII-sTan brZolaSi daxmarebisa da sanuqfod, aWara guriis samTavaros uwyaloba. XV saukunis bolos, kaxaber II gurielis mmarTvelobis dros Turqebma SeZles am teritoriebis mitaceba, magram istoriuli samarTlianoba rostom gurielma maleve aRadgina da Turqebi qaTuli miwebidan gandevna. rostom gurielis gardacvalebis Semdgom (1566 weli), XVI saukunis 70-ian wlebSi, osmaleTma sxva qarTul teritoriebTan erTad aWarac kvlav daipyo, zemo da qvemo aWaris sanjayebi daarsa da Cildiris (axalcixe) vilaieTs SeuerTa. XVI-XVII saukuneTa mijnaze, osmalTma aWaraSi TavdacviTi nagebobaTa mSenebloba daiwyo, am periodSia agebuli baToganis - dRevandel baTumis cixe-simagreni. 1609 wels, mamia II gurielma TurqeTis jarebi gaanadgura, aWara muslimanTagan gaanTavisuflda da igi guriis samTavros SeuerTa. 1614 wels, aWara kvlav osmalebis xelSi aRmoCnda, Turqebi lazeTsa da baTums xelaxla daeuflnen. maT baTumi livas, anu sanjayis mTavar qalaqad aqcies. baTumis sanjayi Worox-aWariswylis SesarTavidan cixisZiramde miwebs moicavda. osmalTa batonobis dros regionSi fexi moikida mahmadianurma sarwmunoebam. aWaris mmarTveloba, sanjay-begoba, ximSiaSvilTa sagvareulos xelSi gadavida, romelnic garegnulad sulTnis morCilni yofilan, Tumca garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi faqtobrivad damoukideblad ganagebdnen maTze daqvemdebarebul mxares. 1829 wlidan osmalebma aWara trapizonis vilaieTs, lazistanis sanjays SeuerTes.

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 44 1877-1878 wlebis ruset-osmaleTis omis monawileni 1878 wels, ruseT-osmaleTis omis Semdgom, dadebuli sazavo xelSekrulebis safuZvelze, aWara ruseTis imperiis SemadgenlobaSi gadavida. axlad SemoerTebuli aWaris administraciuli dasaxeleba baTumis `okrugi~ gaxda. 1883 wels, baTumisa da arTvinis `okrugebis~ gaerTianebis safuZvelze Seiqmna baTumis olqi, romelic quTaisis gubernias daeqvemdebara. `... aWara, anu awindeli baTumis olqis erTi nawili, mdebareobs guriis samxreTiT. misi sazRvrebia: aRmosavleTiT - arsianis mTa, romelic kaspiisa da Savi zRvis mdinareebs hyofs erTmaneTisagan. garda amisa, arsiani mTaa sazRvari aWarisa da axalcixis mazrisa; CrdiloeTiT - aWaris qedi, romelic arsianis mTis gagrZelebas Seadgens da romelic guria aWaras erTmaneTisagan sazRvravs; samxreTiT - SavSeTis qedi, isic arsianis mTis Stoa da hyofs aWariswyals da mis Stoebs im mdinareebisagan, romelnic erTvian mdinare Woroxs marjvniT. xolo, dasavleT aWara Tavdeba sofel kibesTan, erTi kilometris moSorebiT im adgilidan, sadac mdinare aWariswyali mdinare Woroxs erTvis ...~ (Tedo saxokia; ` mogzaurobani guria aWara samurzayano afxazeTi~; baTumi 1985 w.). aWaris kuTvnilebis sakiTxi araerTxel wamoiWra ruseTis imperiis daSlis Semdgomac, 1918 wlis 3 marts, brest-litovskis sazavo xelSekrulebis Sedegad

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 45 osmaleTma miiRo baTumis, yarsisa da ardaganis olqebi. ramdenime dReSi qalaq trapizonSi daiwyo amierkavkasiis komisariatisa da osmaleTis delegaciaTa molaparakebebi, romlis mizanic gaxldaT baTumis, yarsisa da ardaganis olqebis saxelmwifoebrivi kuTvnilebis garkveva, mxareebi ver SeTanxmdnen da molaparakeba Sewyda. osmaleTma Setevebi ganaaxla, qarTulma mxarem osmaleTis jarebis SeCereba mxolod mdinare ColoqTan SeZlo. 1918 wlis 4 ivniss, qalaq baTumSi saqarTvelosa da osmaleTs Soris daido xelSekruleba, romlis ZaliTac aRsdga ruseTosmaleTis, 1877-1878 wlebis, omamde arsebuli sazRvrebi. osmaleTs darCa saqarTvelos istoriuli teritoriis didi nawili. mogvianebiT 1918 wlis oqtomberSi, mas Semdeg rac osmaleTi pirvel msoflio omSi damarcxda da iZulebuli gaxda xeli moewera `mudrosis zavze~, saqarTvelosa da osmaleTs Soris gaformebulma xelSekrulebam Zala dakarga. mas Semdeg, rac sabWoTa ruseTma daipyro amierkavkasia da kvlav daumezoblda TurqeTs, dRis wesrigSi dadga, samxreT kavkasiaSi ruseT-osmaleTis saxelmwifo sazRvrebis dadgena. 1921 wlis 16 martis moskovis ruseT-osmaleTis xelSekrulebiT, dadginda osmaleTis Crdilo-aRmosavleTi sazRvari, romlis mixedviTac sabWoTa ruseTma TurqeTs dauTmo saqarTvelos istoriuli teritoria: arTvinis, artaanis da yarsis `okrugebi~. saqarTveloSi sabWoTa xelisuflebis damyarebis Semdgom, saqarTvelos revkomis 1921 wlis 16 ivlisis dekretiT, aWara Tanamedrove sazRvrebiT avtonomiur sabWoTa socialistur respublikad gamocxadda. saqarTvelos damoukideblobis aRdgenis Semdgom, aWaris avtonomiurma respublikam SeinarCuna politikuri statusi. amJamad, aWaris avtonomiur respublikaSi Sedis: xelvaCauris, qobuleTis, qedis, Suaxevis, xulos da avtonomiuri respublikis administraciuli centris, qalaqi baTumis municipalitetebi. aWara saukuneTa manZilze aqtiur monawileobas iRebda saqarTvelos aRmSeneblobiT qmnadobaSi. swored amaze metyveleben, aWaris teritoriaze SemorCenili sakulto nagebobaTa, cixe-simagreTa da qvisTaRovan xidTa naSTebi. aWaraSi osmalTa xangrZlivi batonobis Jams mravali qristianuli taZari daingra. gadarCenil eklesiaTa Soris gamoirCeva: sxalTis mamaTa samonastro kompleqsi xulos municipalitetis sofel yinCaurSi, mdinare sxalTis (xixanis) xeobaSia aRmarTuli. igi sxalTis eparqiis centrs warmoadgens. monasteri sxvadasxva nagebobaTagan Sesdgeba: eklesia, mcire eklesia, marani, samarxebi.

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 46 sxalTis mTavari taZari didi zomis darbazuli nagebobaa, romelsac samxreTi da dasavleTi mxridan midgmuli hqonda karibWeni. amJamad erTi maTganis mxolod TaRovani Sesasvlelia SemorCenili, meore ki karga xnis dangreulia. amis garda taZars CrdiloeTi mxridan hqonia minaSeni, rasac misi kedlebis kvalic mowmobs. Zeglma Cvenamde Zalzed dazianebuli iersaxiT moaRwia. kedlebis udides nawils Camoclili hqonda sapire qva, mZimed iyo daSavebuli CrdiloeTisa da aRmosavleTis fasadebi, arc Sida mopirkeTebuli kedlebi Semonaxula dazianebis gareSe, qvebi aklia kedlebs Zvel nawilSi, aRmosavleTis mxridan, jvris formis sami mSvenieri CuqurTma amSvenebs taZars. sxalTis mamaTa samonastro kompleqsi aRdgeniTi samuSaoebis dawyebamde taZars saxuravi ar hqonda. monasters araerTi SekeTeba-restavraciis kvali emCneva. eklesiis interierSi moxatulobis fragmentebia SemorCenili. taZris aRmosavleT fasadze datanilia asomTavruli warwera: `R(merT)o ieso, S(eiwyal)e n(ikoloz)i~. sxalTis taZari XII saukunis Sua wlebiT TariRdeba, samxreTis karibWe ki cota mogvianebiT iqna miSenebuli. xalxuri

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 47 Tqmuleba sxalTis monastris agebas Tamar mefes ukavSirebs da arc mis amSenebel, xixanis xeobis mcxovreb, saamSeneblo ostatobiT ganTqmul, xelosnis saqmes iviwyebs: `sxalTis eklesiis mSenebeli ostati iseTi gonieri da didi angariSis mcodne yofila, rom mas winaswar gamouTvlia ramdeni cali qva dasWirdeboda am eklesiis asagebad. adgilze qvebi xelidan xelSi gadacemiT mohqondaT, roca Senobis damTavrebas erTi qvaRa aklda, aRmoCnda, rom qvebis maragi damTavrebuliyo. ostatma rom dainaxa, angaSSi movtyuvdio, sircxvlis veRar gauZlo da Tavi moikla. roca aWaras aRmosavleTiT urdoebi Semoesien, maSin Tamar mefem xixanis cixes Seafara Tavi da iqidan miwisqveSa saidumlo gziT, sxalTis eklesiaSi dadioda salocavad. mters am faruli gzisTvis miugvnia da xelmwifis Sepyroba daupirebia. Tamar mefe mters cocxali ar Cabarebia, sawamlavi daulevia da Tavi mouklavso~. xinowmindis saepiskoposo taZari aWaraSi, qobuleTis municipalitetis sofel xinoSi mdebareobs, romelic IX saukuniT TariRdeba. Senoba XVIII saukuneSi, osmalebis laSqrobis dros dazianda da sadReisod mxolod nangrevebiRaa SemorCenili. xinowmindis kompleqsis mTavar nagebobas eklesia warmoadgenda, romlic damxmare mSeneblobebTan erTad galavniT yofila garSemortymuli. xinowmindis saepiskoposo taZari

yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 48 Cexedanas eklesia 1609 wels mamia II gurielis mier, Tavisi mcirewlovani Svilis, manuCaris sulis Sesawynareblad aris agebuli. taZari mdebareobs, qobuleTis municipalitetis sofel cxrafonaSi. Cexedanas taZari ierusalimis jvris monastris metoqed daadgines, rac niSnavda, rom guriaSi Casul ierusalimis patriarqs wirva aq unda aResrulebina. amJamindeli eklesia XX saukunis 90-ian wlebSi dangreuli Zveli eklesiis saZirkvelzea daSenebuli. vernebis eklesia xulos municipalitetis sofel vernebSi, SemaRlebul borcvzea aRmarTuli, romelic XI-XIII saukuneebiT TariRdeba da osmalTa batonobis xanaSi Zalzed dazianda da dResdReisobiT istoriuli Zeglis mcire nawilia SemorCenili. taZari darbazul nagebobas warmoadgens, samxreTis minaSeniT, romelic saZvaled iyo gamoyenebuli. darbazi aRmosavleTiT sworkuTxedSi moqceuli naxevarwriuli afsidiT sruldeba. ZiriTadi sivrce grZivi kedlebis profilirebuli pilastrebiTa da kamaris sabjeni TaRebiT, sam monakveTad iyo danawevrebuli. sakurTxevlis TaRic impostebiT yofila Semkuli. kaloTis eklesia