yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 49 kaloTis eklesia XI-XIII saukuneebis Zeglia, romelic xulos municipalitetis sofel kaloTaSi mdebareobs. eklesia darbazul nagebobas warmoadgens samxreTis minaSeniT, es ukanaskneli saZvaled gamoiyeneboda. darbazi aRmosavleTiT naxevarwriuli afsidiT sruldeba. kaloTis eklesiis kedlebi mopirkeTebuli yofila kargad damuSavebuli qvis filebiT, romelnic Semkulni yofilan CuqurTmebiT. vanaZeebis eklesia XII-XIII saukuneebiT TariRdeba da xulos municipalitetis sofel vanaZeebSi mdebareobs. taZari ganadgurebulia, SemorCenilia mxolod misi mcire naSTebi. eklesiis aRmosavleTi da samxreTi kedlebis fragmentebi TiTqmis aRar aris Semonaxuli, ufro ukeT Cans aRmosavleTisa da samxreTis kedlebis nawili. eklesiis teritoriaze mimobneulia safasado wyobis fragmentebi, kamaris da TaRis qvebi da lorfinis filebi. sacixuris eklesia IX-X saukuneebiT TariRdeba da xulos municipalitetis sofel sacixurSi mdebareobs. taZarma mxolod nangrevebis saxiT moaRwia Cvenamde, SemorCenilia aRmosavleT, dasavleT da CrdiloeT kedlis nawilebi. Turme eklesia darbazul nagebobas warmoadgenda. xSirad sacixuris eklesias `jvarTans~ uwodeben. Tikinauris eklesia X-XI saukuneebiT TariRdeba da xulos municipalitetSi mdebareobs. eklesia mcire zomis darbazul nagebobas warmoadgenda, romelic dResdReobiT saZirkvlis donemdea dangreuli zvaris wminda giorgis eklesia qedis municipalitetis sofel zvareSi mdebareobs. nageboba darbazuli tipisaa da aRmosavleTiT naxevarwriuli formis Sverili afsidiT sruldeba. eklesias dasavleTiT karibWe aqvs miSenebuli, romelic sami mxriT, TaRebiTaa gaxsnili. taZris yvela sarkmeli da Sesasvlelic TaRovania. fasadebs sada profilis mqone lavgardani Semouyveba. garda lavgardnisa, fasadebze aranairi dekoratiuli elementi ar gvxvdeba. eklesiis dasavleTiT kvadratuli moxazulobis, samsarTuliani samreklo dgas, romelic karibWis funqciasac asrulebs. aWara saqarTvelos sazRvrispira regionia, Sesabamisad istoriul aucileblobas warmoadgenda mis teritoriaze gamagrebiTi, TavdacviTi nagebobaTa mSenebloba. aWaris TavdacviT nagebobaTa Soris unda gamovarCioT: petras cixe, istoriuli cixe-qalaqi qobuleTis municipalitetSi, sofel cixisZiris teritoriazea gaSenebuli. cixe aaSena ioane strategosma 535 wels. mkvlevarebi varaudoben, rom SoTa rusTavelis `vefxistyaosanSi~, mravaljer naxsenebi qajeTis cixe, swored petras cixe-
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 50 simagrea. zRvis piras, kldovan borcvze mdebareobda petras akropolisi, romelic miuval cixed iTvleboda. aqedanaa misi berZnuli saxelwodeba `petra~, romelic qvas, kldes aRniSnavs. aqamomdea SemorCenili cixis, sasaxlisa da jariskacTa sacxovreblis nangrevebi, maT Soris, VI-VII saukuneebis bazilikis saZirkveli, romelic petras saepiskoposo kaTedralis naSTia da agreTve sxva saintereso artefaqtebi. 1908 wels, aRmoaCenil iqna mdidari samarxi. napovnia oqros CarCoSi Casmuli didi broli, romelic ermitaJSi inaxeba. petras cixe gonios cixe baTumidan samxreTiT, 12 kilometris daSorebiT, mdinare Woroxis marcxena sanapiroze mdebareobs. saqarTveloSi erTerTi uZvelesi dasaxleba am cixis irgvliv yofila gaSenebuli. gonioafsarosis cixes unikaluri strategiuli mniSvneloba hqonda da icavda Woroxisa da aWariswylis xeobebis Semosasvlelebs, romelic samxreTdasavleT saqarTvelosa da regionebs Savi zRvis sanapirosTan akavSirebda. swored amgvari mdebareobis gamo iqca gonios cixe jer romis imperiis, Semdeg ki - bizantiisa da osmaleTis erT-erT citadelad aRmosavleT SavizRvispireTSi. Sesabamisad, cixe moicavs ramdenime fenas: romauls (Zv.w. III-IV s.s.), bizantiurs (VI-VII s.s.) da osmalurs (XVI s.). gonios cixe agreTve, warmoadgenda saqarTvelos mefeebis erT-erT strategiul TavdacviT obieqts, romelic Seucvleli
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 51 gaxldaT momxvdurTa dasaxvedrad. gonio-afsarosis istoria mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli argonavtebis miTTan. cnobilia, rom swored aq dakrZala mefe aietma Tavisi vaJi afsarosi, romelic gaqceulma argonavtebma mokles. gadmocemis mixedviT, aqvea dakrZaluli qristes Tormeti mociqulTagan erT-erTi - mataTa. xixanis cixe mdebareobs sxalTa-xixanis wylis saTaveebSi, arsianis mTis erT-erT ganStoebaze, aWara - SavSeTis sazRvarze, zRvis donidan 2235 metr simaRleze. cixesimagreSi Sedis sxvadasxva nagebobani: galavani, koSkebi, eklesia da sxvadasxva daniSnulebis SenobaTa naSTebi. xixanis cixe yvelaze mniSvnelovani cixea aWaraSi. igi metad strategiul adgilzea aRmarTuli da qarTvel didebulTa erT-erT TavSesafars warmoadgenda. gadmocemis Tanaxmad, roca mteri Tbilisisa da goris simagreebs sZlevda, qarTvelni swored am cixe-simagres afarebdnen Tavs. cixe-simagris saamSeneblo wyobaSi ori fena gamoirCeva: uZvelesi - X-XI-isa da axali, osmalTa mflobelobis xanis, XVII-XIX saukuneebis. cixis farTobi ramdenime heqtars Seadgens, romlis mxolod mcire nawilia movakebuli, umetesi ki damreci da cicaboa. xirxaTSi mdebare, mravali nagebobis nangrevia moRweuli Cvenamde, maTgan zogi nawilobriv aris Semonaxuli, zogierTi ki sruliad gasworebulia miwasTan. xixanis cixe kavianis cixe mdebareobs qedis municipalitetSi, kavianis serze, mdinare Wvaniswyalisa da aWariswylis SesarTavis marcxena mxares. misi simaRle zRvis donidan 550 metria. cixe maRlobidan gadmohyurebs mdinare aWariswylis xeobis mTavar magistrals. safortifikacio nageboba, ori ganyofilebisagan Sedgeba. pirveli ganyofileba, Cvenamde moRweuli
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 52 fosoebis mixedviT, savaraudod savaraudod samsarTuliani Senoba, SesaZloa, raRac daniSnulebis saTavso yofiliyo. kedelze ori saZirkveli da ori sarkmelia datanili. cixis am koSkSia SemorCenili kavianis cixe swori formis ormo, romelic Selesilia kiriT. cixis meore ganyofilebaSi, romlis farTobi 112 kvadratul metrs aRwevs, kargadaa Semonaxuli sam sarTuliani, arawesieri marTkuTxedis formis CrdiloeTis koSki. koSkSi Cayolebulia sarkmlebi. agreTve, kargadaa Semonaxuli cixis ezos dasavleTiT mdebare kedeli. cixe aSenebulia fleTili qvebiT, SigadaSig riyis qvebic gvxvdeba. zendidis cixe qedis municipalitetis amave dasaxelebis sofelSi maRal goraze mdebareobs. VII-IX saukuneebSi baTum-artanujis savaWro ekonomikuri kavSiris mTavari ZarRvi qedaSi gadioda, rogorc vaxuSti bagrationi gvamcnobs: `... mcire qalaqis msgavsad daba qedaSi ...~ cxovrobda aWaris begi. gamomdinare aqedan qedas saTanado dacva esaWiroeboda. aWaris xeobaSi sxva TavdacviT nagebobebTan: begoSvilebis, civasulas, saRoreTis, mTis ubanis, CxutuneTis da sxva cixeebTan erTad, zendidis cixes, ara marto qedis, aramed xeobaSi gamaval savaWro strategiuli gzebis dacvac evaleboda. zendidis cixe-simagris agebis TariRi CvenTvis ucnobia, magram miuxedavad amisa arqiteqturuli detalebi misi warmoSobis adreul saukuneze migvaniSnebs. cixe-simagrem Cvens dromde Zalian dazianebuli, TiTqmis dangreuli saxiT moaRwia.
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 53 civasulas cixe XI-XIII saukuneebiT TariRdeba da agarisRelesa da aWariswylis SesayarSi, civasulad wodebul adgilis zemoT, sasires goras aRmosavleT nawilSi mdebareobs. cixes strategiuli mniSvneloba aqvs. masSi moxvedra mxolod Crdilo-dasavleTidan, viwro bilikiTaa SesaZlebeli da misi ZiriTadi funqcia aWariswylis xeobasa da agariswyalze gamavali gzebis gakontroleba gaxldaT. maRal, kldovan koncxze agebuli simagre TiTqmis miuvalia. civasulas cixem Zalzed dazianebuli iersaxiT moaRwia Cvenamde. misi farTobi daaxloebiT 400 kvadratuli metria. fleTili qviT nagebi cixis konturi; mrudxazovnad miyveba kldis konturs. dResdReobiT SemorCenilia cixis CrdiloeTi da samxreTi kedlebi da nawilobriv aRmosavleTi mdebare kedlis zemo nawili. aWara cnobilia TaRovani xidebiT, romelnic ZiriTadad Zvel savaWro-saqaravne gzebzea ganlagebuli. xidebis aSenebisaTvis adgilobrivni viwro da advilad misadgom adgilebs irCevdnen. teqnikuri TvalsazrisiT, qvis xidebi mxolod TaRovani Sendeboda, rac Seexeba xidebis parametrebs igi transportis saxeobasa da mniSvnelobaze iyo damokidebuli. zogjer sigane erTi qarTuli urmis zomas utoldeboda. iq sadac urmis gadaadgileba SeuZlebeli iyo, viwro xidebs aSenebdnen, romelnic fexiT mosiaruleTaTvis da sapalne transportisaTvis gamoiyeneboda. dReisaTvis aWaraSi SemorCenilia sul 28 TaRovani xidi. gagacnobT ramodenime maTgans: dandalos xidi
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 54 dandalos xidi, saqarTvelos qvis TaRovan xidebs Soris sanimuSo Zegladaa miCneuli. is qedis municipalitetSi, sofel dandaloSi, saavtomobilo gzidan ramodenime metrSi mdebareobs. rTuli konstruqciiT naSenebi xidi, Txeli TaRiT da daxvewili proporciebiT gamoirCeva. savaraudod, xidi agebulia IX_X saukuneebSi. sulxan-saba orbelianis mixedviT, `dandalo" lagams, anu piris maxes, niSnavs. am mdinareze xidis ageba did siZnelesTan - mdinaris damorCilebasTan iqneboda dakavSirebuli, amitomac, advili safiqrebelia, saxelwodeba `dandalo" aWariswyalze xidis agebis, anu mdinaris damorCilebis, misTvis lagamis amodebis SinaarsTan iyos dakavSirebuli. maxunceTis TaRovani xidi - qedis municipalitetis sofel maxunceTSi, gzis piras maxunceTis CanCqerTan axos mdebareobs. xidi didi zomisaa da kldis bunebriv burjebs eyrdnoba. igi aSenebulia vulkanuri warmoSobis kldis qviT, xids saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi utardeboda aRdgeniT-gamagrebiTi samuSaoebi. nageboba savaraudod, IX_X saukuneebSia aSenebuli. xabelaSvilebis xis TaRovani xidi ramdenime saukunis win Wvanis xeobis soflebis, xulosTan dasakavSireblad augiaT. xidi Tavdapirvelad yavriT yofila gadaxuruli, magram dazianebuli saxuravi meoce saukuneSi TunuqiT Caanacvles. axali saxuravi dRes Telis, wablisa da muxisgan nageb xids amSvenebs. soflis mkvidrTa gadmocemiT xidi 300 wlis win auSenebiaT. misi sigrZe 25 metria, xolo savali nawilis sigane ki 120 santimetri. xabelaSvilebis xis TaRovani xidi
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 55 furtios qvis TaRovani xidi zemo aWaraSi, sxalTis xeobisken mimaval gzaze mdinare aWariswyalzea gadebuli. daaxloebiT ori saukunis win aWaraSi didi wyaldidoba yofila. aWariswyali mTidan Camotanil uzarmazar lodebs moagorebda. mTel xeobaSi ismoda Turme misi Rriali. gzad yvelaferi gaunadgurebia, Camourecxavs mTis ferdobebi, mouTxria xeebi, wauRia saxlebi, magram furtios xidisTvis Zvrac ver uqnia. xidi IX-X saukuneebs ganekuTvneba da sxalTiswylis xeobaSi arsebul Zvel gzebs, aWariswylis xeobaSi gamaval centralur gzasTan akavSirebda. xeobas metad xelsayreli georgafiuli mdebareoba hqonda. am xidis gavliT miemerTeboda umoklesi saqaravne gza zRvispireTisken. xidis ZiriTadi nawilis sigrZe 35 metria, burjebad xidis orive mxares gamoyenebulia bunebrivi klde da swored amiT unda aixsnas, rom es xidi dRemde dauzianebelia. xidi maRalmTiani aWaris saukeTesod Semonaxuli kulturis Zeglia. cxemvanas xidi
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 56 cxemvanas xidi kintriSis xeobaSi mdebare sofel didvakesTan axlos mdebareobs. cxemvanas xids xelovnuri burji mxolod marjvena mxareze aqvs, marcxenaze ki burjis movaleobas bunebrivi klde asrulebs. legendis Tanaxmad, es xidi Tamaris brZanebiT yofila agebuli. did SoTasTan Sesaxvedrad mobrZanebul dedofals mdinare kintriSi adidebuli daxvedria. msaxurebs oqros taxtrevanze dausvamT da ise gadauyvaniaT mdinaris meore napirze. mdinareze gadasvlisas dedofals qoSi wyalSi dakargvia da ubrZanebia: `am adgilas iseTi xidi aigos, rom verc mdinarem, verc drom, veraferi daakloso~. dedoflis brZaneba SeusrulebiaT da es xidi augiaT. xidis agebis TariRad XII saukunea miCneuli. varjanaulis xidi qobuleTis municipalitetis centridan 20 kilometris moSorebiT mdebareobs. xidi sakmaod didi, farTo da maRalia. aqvs naxevarwriuli moxazulobis forma. xidi ukeTesi stiliTaa agebuli, vidre me-XI-XII saukunis xidebi. igi mTlianadaa Cafluli kintriSis floraSi da avTenturad erwymis garemos. maxos xidi maxos xidi agebulia xelvaCauris municipalitetis sofel maxoSi, romelic Woroxis marcxena Senakadze mdebareobs. xidi erTTaRiani wriuli formisaa. is sxva xidebTan SedarebiT patara zomisaa da dabali TaRi aqvs, rac xids gamorCeul vizuals aZlevs. istoriuli wyaroebis
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 57 Tanaxmad maxos xidi Woroxis satvirTo-sanaosno gzis erT-erT mniSvnelovan damakavSirebel punqts warmoadgenda. cxemlaras xidi amave dasaxelebis sofelSi, mdinare maWaxelaze, sofel cxemlaraSi mdebareobs. xidiT sofel cxemlaras mosaxleoba XX saukunis 60-ian wlebSi sargeblobda. naxevarwriuli TaRis moxazulobis xidi sakmaod viwroa da gankuTvnili yofila fexiT gadaadgilebisaTvis. maWaxelas xeoba cnobilia Tofis warmoebis tradiciebiT. Zvelad am xeobaSi mdidari samWedlo-saxelosnoebi mdebareobda, romlebSic saojaxo da sasoflo-sameurneo iaraRebTan erTad cecxlsasroli da civi iaraRic iWedeboda. xucubnis or TaRovani xidi aSenebulia 1924 wels, italiuri warmoSobis arqiteqtor, avgustu vercis mier, romlis damxmare yofila matveci (maTe) lazaridi sofel axalSenidan. xucubnis xidi rkinabetonisa da bazaltis qvisgan aris nagebi. mirveTis TaRovani xidi mirveTis TaRovani xidi sofel mirveTSi, aWariswylis gadasaqcevidan 7 kilometrSi mdebareobs, romelic savaraudod XI-XIII saukuneebSia agebulia. calke aRniSvnis Rirsia aWaris xis meCeTebi, romelTa Sesaxebac Jurnalis uaxloes nomerSi gveqneba dawvrilebiT saubari. Zalzed saSuri saqmea, aWaris mosaxleobaSi aqamomde Semonaxuli, aramaterialur kulturis ZeglTa, istoriul-eTnografiul TqmulebaTa da gadmocemaTa Segroveba, Semdgom damuSaveba da gamocema, rac am unikaluri masalis dacvis upirobo garanti iqneba.
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 58 ciklidan `qarTlis cxovrebis~ miviwyebuli furclebi qarTveluri sarwmunoeba `dideba pirvel morige xvTaebasa yvelaze Zliersa da ufrossa, morige RmerTsa, qveyanierebis wes-rigis damdebsa ...~ amonaridi xevisberis locvidan msoflio sazogadoebriv-ekonomikur-kulturul formaciaTa Soris qarTvelur civilizacias erT-erTi mowinave adgili ukavia. aRsaniSnavia is faqti, rom uZvelesi istoriisa da kulturis mqone qarTvelurma xalxebma sakuTari religiuri samyaroc warmoSva, rasac Cvenamde moRweuli, uZveles saukuneebSi, qarTvelur xalxTa mier Seqmnili, mkafiod erovnuli Taviseburebebis mqone, msoflio mniSvnelobis Tqmulebebi, ritualebi da xelovnebis nimuSebi gvamcnoben. saqarTvelos, gansakuTrebiT mTian regionebSi, aqamomdea SemorCenili, mdidari eTnografiuli masala qarTveluri religiis Sesaxeb. dReis gadmosaxedidan, amouxsneli ritualebi da petroglifebi, qarTveluri religiuri samyaros yofierebis amsaxveli es vizualizirebuli, umniSvnelovanesi xelovnebis nimuSebi, mizezTa da mizezTa gamo, mkvlevarTa mier naklebadaa Seswavlili. petroglifi, gamoqvabulTa kedlebsa da Werze, agreTve kldeze Tu calkeul qvebze amotvifruli uZvelesi gamosaxulebaa. naxatebi da bareliefebi amotexvis, an amokawvris meTodiTaa Sesrulebuli. mxatvrobis am nimuSebs erTmaneTisagan Tematika da Seqmnis teqnika ganasxvavebs. saqarTvelos TiTqmis mTel teritoriaze mimofantuli, dRemde amouxsneli petroglifebi, uZveles ritualebs asaxaven da sakralur ambebs mogviTxroben, romelTa mowmec Tavad naxat-bareliebTa Semoqmedni gaxdnen, anda, ama Tu im religiuri gadmocemis, maTTvis xelmisawvdomi formiT ukvdavyofa moaxerxes. Tavis droze, qvaze datanil mxatvrobis namuSevrebs magiuri mniSvneloba unda hqonodaT.
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 59 sabednierod, am qmnilebaTa nawilma aTaswleulebs gauZlo da Cvenamde am saxiT moaRwia. es, uZvelesi qvebze datanili namuSevrebi, did samsaxurs gviweven Cven winaparTa sarwmunoebisa Tu yofiTi detalebis dadgenaSi. sofeli farsma. wminda giorgis salocavi. gmiri kopala cxenze civilizebuli samyaro, kanonmdeblobis doneze gansakuTrebul yuradrebas aqcevs, qveynebSi arsebul petroglifTa dacva-patronobas da yovelmxriv xels uwyobs am unikaluri masalis saTanado Seswavlasa da
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 60 populiarizacias. Cvens mezobel azerbaijanSi, somxeTsa Tu CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi, saxelmwifo kanonmdebloba icavs aqamomde moRweul am metyvel xelovnebis nimuSebs da swored saxelmwifo dafinansebiT mecnierebi, ukve ramodenime aTwleulia, rudunebiT icaven da ikvleven pertoglifebs. uaRresad sainteresoa, ZiriTadad saqarTvelos mTianeTSi, aqamomde Semonaxuli qarTveluri religiis RvTiur personaJTa Taobaze arsebuli eTnografiuli masala - gadmocemebi, legendebi da Tqmulebani. swored aseT, aramaterialur kulturis ZeglebSi asaxul siuJetTa SejerebiT, metnaklebad srulad xdeba SesaZlebeli, erTRmerTiani qarTveluri religiis zogadi konturebis moxazva. ... da modgara Jami SeWirvebisa da siZulvilisa, da mravalTa saqveynos mcxovrebTa, dev-kerpTa momZlavrebisa gamo avi dro dasdgomiaT. dedamiwas devni da macilni dahpatronebian, Zali uyviaT saymozed. dedamiwaze rigis damdeb `morige RmerTs~ - dev-kerpTagan gasaTavisufleblad da saqveynozed wesis dasadebad, xTiSvilni kopala, iaxsari da pirquSi saomrad aRuWurvavs, uboZa maTvis: bedis bedauri, cecxlis fesviani maTraxi, laxti, laxvari, navTis wyali, far-maxvili da avsulebTan saomrad gamougzavnia. gadmocemaTa mixedviT es xTiSvilni `naxorcivlari~, ramdenadme adamianuri bunebis matarebelni RvTaebani yofilan, romelTac dev-kerpTa winaaRmdeg brZolaSi exmarebian: xmala, fuZis angelozi, Subnuri - gveleSapis (gveli) aRiT (saxiT), beri baaduri, Tergvauli da sxvani da sxvani. karawiswveri, kopalas samTo salocavi liqokSi
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 61 kopalas xatis umTavresi sabrZanisi liqokis xeobaSi, karatis mTaze mdebareobs. RvTaebis ZiriTadi funqciaa dev-kerpTa alagmva, velzed moklulis, zvaviT an wyliT momkvdaris, TviTmkvlelobiT gardacvlilis sulis eSma-macilisa da ufrisagan gamoxsnaa. amave jvarSi xdeba fsiqikurad daavadebuli pirovnebis `dakoWva~. iaxsari kopalas moZme, devTa natyvevari xTiSvilia. misi xatis umTavresi sabrZanisi sofel SuafxoSia. misi taxtis ymani arian qistaurni. sodeli darTlo. iaxsaris xati pirquSi atarebs meore saxelsac - mWedeli. igi xTiSvilebs da maT ymebs uWedavs sabrZolo da sameurneo iaraRebs, vercxlis Tasebsa da samkaulebs. mis mier gaWedili Tasebi Senaxulia jvarSi - `cecxlis alianSi~. xatis umTavresi sabrZanisi sofel bacaligoSia. beri baaduri saxmTo wminda giorgidac moixsenieba. beri baaduri xevsurTa umTavresi molaSqre RvTaebaa. xatis sabrZanisi mdebareobs sofel gudanSi, romlis ymanic WinWaraulni arian. pirimze - cidan sinaTlis svetad Camosuli. moixsenieba giorgi oqrosmSvildianis saxeliTac. ganagebs dar-avdarsa da ca-Rrubelsa. umTavresi sabrZanisi sofel CirdilSi, saCalis mTazea. fuZis angelozi - pirimzes mode (dobili), mdebareobs sofel ukanaxoSi. fuZis angelozsa da pirimzes loculoben gudamayrelni da fSavelni. naxarela - WinWaraulTa saTemo salocavia. ZiriTadi sabrZanisi ki sofeli gudania.
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 62 TeTri mTis qori - Tergvauli. es uZvelesi RvTaeba piriqiTa xevsureTSi, lebaiskaris mTaze mdebareobs da kistnel - Satilionnic loculoben, miabareben bavSvebs. daTvis jvarze asuli mlocvelni ixdian quds da msxverpls swiraven. giorgi naRvarmSvenieri (naRvrispirisa) - nayofierebis, mesaqonleobisa da miwaTmoqmedebis RvTaeba. Zvelad molaSqre RvTaebac yofila. mdebareobs sofel xaxmatSi. xeli samZimari - giorgi naRvarmSvenieris mier qajaveTidan moyvanili xTiSvilTa toli Zalisa da SeZlebis mqone dobili. mdebareobs sofel xaxmatSi. aStos jvari sofel danoSi mTavarangelozi - es RvTaeba, iseve rogorc giorgi da adgilis deda, sxvadasxva saxes atarebs. aRsaniSnavia, rom mTavarangelozisa da gudanis jvris ymani gvianobamde erTmaneTs mtrobdnen da zogierT sofelSi erTmaneTze Zalmomreobis gamo adgilidan ayrilan kidec. crolis saneba - wulis momcemi da monadire-mekopreTa RvTaeba. mdebareobs xades da kaloTanelTa salocavic aris. amaT garda gvxvdeba sxva jvar-xatebic: petre naRvrispirisa (sofeli xitale), nabakuri (sofeli daTvisi), unjis angelozi (sofeli Rele), devT deda (sofeli roSka), bro - karismezobeli (sofeli WimRa) da sxva da sxva.
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 63 gudanis jvari - RvTaeba da misi saxelobis samlocvelo xevsureTSi qadagi xatobaSi
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 64 qadagi, berdeda, WinWaraulis qali (gadaRebulia sofel lebaiskarSi)
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 65 qarTveluri religiis Seswavlis konteqstSi aucilebelia qadagTa Sesaxeb arsebuli eTnografiuli masalis gacnoba. Semonaxulia qadagmkiTxavTa mier `jvarT enaze~, eqstazSi warmoTqmuli sakraluri teqstebi, romlebic religiur-miTologiur-magiur xasiaTs atareben. qadagad dacemulni, qadagebisas warmoTqvaven winadadebebs an terminebs, romlebic dRevandel yoveldRiur metyvelebasa da yofaSi ar gvxvdeba. `jvari Tavis enaze~ ametyvelebs eqstazSi Sesul qurumebs, romelnic RvTaebaTa nebas gamocanebiT gadmogvcemen. aRsaniSnavia, rom qadagTa mier qadagebis dros warmoTqmul teqstebidan zogierTi termini, Zvel qarTvelur enaSi iyo damkvidrebuli da dRevandel salaparako metyvelebaSi aRar ixmareba. nasoflar arTxmos da sofel axalcixis Sua, maRal mTaze, Ralanguris wminda giorgis saxelobis salocavi mdebareobs. Ralanguris wminda giorgis dReobis aRniSvnis Taobaze Zalzed saintereso cnobebia Semonaxuli: `Zuelebs uTqmia, ro zaiT, su wverze, aris Ralanguris wmida givargi, qviT aris gamayvanili. kaci mxriv (xevsurebisgniT gamigonia) mdgara, aman amas miawoda qva, iman - amas, asula TavCi da egre augia koSki. vera varT Cven mamswureblni, rodisaa agebuli, locviT Cvenc vloculobT. Ralangurobas Ramis TeebiT avdivarT, xatebs gamaabzaneben dekanozebi. saklavebs hxocen, kuretebsa. kai ludebsa da sasmelebs aitanenke, mRerian Zveleburad, raic vinme icis da axlurad.~ Ralanguris wminda giorgis dResaswauls aRdgomidan 101-e dRes, aucileblad samSabaTs aRniSnaven. Ralangurobis dResaswaulze qadagad dacema icodnen, rasac xevsurulad aiZraxa erqva. moxeuri dialeqtiT umZraxi - utyvia. didi qarTveli eTnografi, sergi makalaTia Tavis naSromSi `xevi~ gvamcnobs: `qadagobisas qali qadagi gaSeSdeboda, pirqve daemxoboda da dadumdeboda, rogorc momakvdavi. qadags xalxi moexveoda da TanagrZnobiT SesTxovda Ralanguris wminda giorgis, qalisTvis eSvela, gaeTavisuflebina. ramodenime wuTis Semdeg qadagi mSviddeboda da gons modioda~ xevsureTSi da sxva eTnografiul kuTxeebSi qadagi qali metyvelebs, xevSi umZraxia, dums. qadagi jvarT-enis sagangebo terminebs iyenebda. xevSi qadagi jvarT enis terminebs ar iyenebs da SesaZlebelia daviwyebuli aqvs, radgan Ralanaguris wminda giorgi xevsuruli salocavia, magram xevSi damkvidrebuli. (gagrZeleba ixileT Jurnalis momdevno nomerSi).
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 66 aqve, upriani iqneba, gavecnoT vaJa-fSavelas 1889 wlis 24 Tebervlis gazeT `iveriaSi~ gamoqveynebul publicistur da eTnografiul werils: kopala da iaxsari - devebis mebrZolni `fSavlebs devebi borotmomqmedebad hyavT warmodgenili da ara keTil sulad, rogorc indoelebs. fSavlis warmodgeniT devi aris axovani, tani xSiris balniT aqvs Semosili, devi dRe imaleba da Rame gamodis sanadirod. devs ise arafris eSinia, rogorc maxvilisa da cecxlisa. devi kacs hgavs saxiT, magram misi saxe umsgavsia, wels zeviT RoriviT jagari asxia. devebs winaT unavardniaT xalxze: uJletiaT xalxi, uWamiaT; wyalic ki ar usmeviaT ara sulierisTvis; qveyana Sewuxebuli, SeZrwunebuli yofila imaTgan. magram Cndebian xatebi da isini utexen devebs brZolas. cxoveli xatebi, romelTac gaJlites devebi, arian kopala da iaxsari. fSaveli dResac uCvenebs adgils, sada da sad gadauxdiaT am gmirebs devebTan brZola. devebi, fSavlis warmodgeniT, dResac arian, magram imalebian da ucdian dros, rom xatebis vedreba gadavardes; isini monatrulni arian, xalxma aRar iwamos da uarhyos xatebi. es Tu moxda, maSin isev gamovlen devebi safrebidam da daiwyeben nardiSobas. kopala saxeliania iaxsarze. fSaveli dedakaci, roca iwyevleba, kopalas da mis laxts axsenebs: `Se gmiris kopalais laxtnakravo~. kopala, fSauris zepirgadmocemiT, yofila ixinWas (adgilia) berad; Sesmenia, rom fSavi devebisagan didad Sewuxebuli da Seviwroebuliao, amdgara da wamosula xalxis mosaSvelad. devebis umTavresi sadguri da simagre cixe-gors (adgilia) yofila.
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 67 kopala devebTan stumrad misula, rogorc gzadakarguli monadire, da Rame devebTan uTevia. meore dRes devebs dauwyiaT Tavisi Cveulebrivi varjiSoba - qvis srola. kopalasac uTxovnia, rom miecaT devebs neba gamoecada Tavisi Tavi. devebs beri masxarad augdiaT, magram, roca kopalas gausrolia qva da devebis safalavno mijnisaTvis gaaucilebia bevriT Sors, devebs Tavzari dascemiaT. kopalas miuyvia xeli, gauJletia devebi da imaTi cixe-darbazi TiTon dauWeria, imaTgan davlad darCenia qva. dRes es qva aragvis pirasaa, iq, sadac kopalas salocavia, da hqvian `kopalas qva~. karTanaSi (adgilia) myofs devebs gaugiaT cixegorel devebis zarali. maSin aqedam erTi Tavgamodebuli devi wasula `kopalas qvis~ gamosataceblad cixegors da moutacnia kidec, magram amohSxamebia bolos. kopala sanadirod yofila, dabrunebula Sin da unaxavs - qva aRar aris, mixvedrila mizezs da gamosdgomia qurds kvaldakval, ramdenime versis siSoridam daunaxia devi, Semourtyorcia iqidam isari, devic mouklavs da qvac dautovebinebia iq, sadac dResac aris igi qva mravaltanjuli. iqve axlos hqonia am devs binadroba. kopala misula imis saxlSi da hxedavs, rom moklulis devis dedas jara udgia da mSvildis bawars grexs, anu, rogorc fSaveli ambobs, sZaxs. - ras sZax, bebero?.. Svilebi sadRa gyavso? - hkiTxa kopalam devis dedakacs. - mSvildis bawars vgrexo, - upasuxa man: - erTi Svili cixe gors wavida, kopalas qva unda mostacos, da meore sanadirod aris wasulio. am laparakSi rom arian, kopalam Sehxeda mTaze da dainaxa, rom devi, amave dedakacis Svili, avTandili, modis; cals mxarze gaudvia didi Wandari da meoreze - iremi. kopalam esrola isari da mohkla devi avTandili. devi dagorda, gamoqanda iqidam da Tan wamoiRo aremare, risaganac gakeTda, viTomc, is Rrma xevi, romelsac fSaveli `avTandilis saqans~ uwodebs. avTandilis saqani `kopalis qvis~ pirdapir aris. kopala aqedam cixe-gors brundeba da iqidam ixinWas, Taviss saberoSi. es ambavi Seityo cxraTavianma devma, romelsac karTaneli erqva, da Seukra gza kopalas. karTana friad viwro adgilia aragvis xeobaze da am adgils, fSauris zepirgadmocemiT, darqmevia saxeli `karTana~ devis karTanelisagan, romelsac gamudmebiT aq ucxovria; - es devi karTaneli eponimiur pirad gamodis. midis kopala ixinWas da hxedavs karTanas, devi karTaneli gawolila gzaze. devis danaxvam kopala SeaSina; man ganizraxa gza
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 68 aeqcia devisaTvis. devma es SeniSna da SeuZaxa: `sad miiparebi, kopaliao?!~ meti Cara ar iyo, kopala unda SesWideboda devs. imaTi brZola dilidam saRamomde gagrZelda; kopalam sZlia devs, cxrave Tavi moaWra da mSvidobiT miaRwia Taviss saberoSi. devebma kidev Tavi-Tavs moiyares da ifiqres, xalxi xatebisa da RvTis Tayvaniscemas ar daiSlis, Tu ar gavJliteTo. adgnen da dauwyes aragvs gubeba karTanaSi, aSenebden maRals, uzarmazar kedels, hfiqrobden, imdenad daagubon aragvi, rom zRvad iqces da walekos mTeli fSavi. kopalam es Seityo, wamovida da dRiur muSad daudga devebs. erTs dRes ki uSvela, marTalia, devebs devurs borots saqmeSi, magram meore dRes gulma aRar mouTmina da gaswyvita yvelani. karTana (fSavi), kopalas salocavi, savaraudod kopalas biusti kopalas isris wveri, anu zro, wauxda da imis gasakeTebineblad wavida mWedels pirquSTan. es pirquSic xatad iTvleba, viTom imasac uxocia devebi, magram vrcels ambavs imis moqmedebisas xalxurs zepirgadmocemaSi vera vpoulobT, am TqmulebaSiac verafer vaJkacad ixateba. kopala exveweba pirquSs, gamikeTe rkinis zro da erTi beWedio. pirquSi uarze dadga, ar ausrula kopalas Txovna, magram male dasWirda kopalas Tavi. kopala daRonebuli Tavis saberoSi, `samwirveloSi~ dabrunda. devebma gaiges, rom kopala pirquSTan namdurevad aris da aRar uSveliso. Seipyres pirquSi devebma da waiyvanes xuSxevs (adgilia).
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 69 kopalam es ambavi gaigo, pirad usiamovnebas ar mihxeda da gaswia pirquSis saSvelad. devebs TavianT binaze mieswroT, kopala veRarafers gaxda, bolos RmerTma xeli moumarTa: devebma erTi devi Tavis karebidgan gaaZeves, moikveTes. SemTxveviT kopalam es devi Seipyro da gamohkiTxa mas, - Tu rogor daamarcxebda devebs da pirquSs rogor gamoixsnida. devi jer uarze dadga, magram kopalam mokvla daupira devs. devs SeeSinda da aswavla: `roca xeebs Tavisi Crdili gauswordebaT, devebi maSin isadileben, bangs daleven da daiZineben da kargi droc imaTis daxocisa maSin ariso~. kopalac ise moiqca, rogorc devma daariga, da gaJlita devebi. TviTon es mokveTili devi ki gaiqca da verxvelSi gamoCenils devs - `verxvlis buRas~ Seexizna. verxvlis buRam Tavis TanamoZmes Semweoba aRmouCina da Seeba kopalas da TiTqmis damarcxebac daupira, magram kopalas mTavarangelozi moeSvela da moakvlevina verxvlis buRa. kopala gamarjvebam gaamxneva da devebiT savse mTa-bari aavso devebis mZovriTa da imaTis sisxliT morwyo dedamiwa. iaxsari angelozi iyo da angelozad Camovida cidam. sadac dRes SuafxoSi saydaria, iq devebis sadguri iyo. saxelad am adgils erqva `avis-gori~. iaxsari gadis pirdapir da hJlets devebs laxtiT aqac da sxvaganac: gadaurCa mxolod erTi calTvala devi da gaeqca; devi axads `wawadas tbaSi~ Cavarda, iq unda damaluliyo. iaxsaris laxtiT gaxleCili qva, roSkis xeobaSi iaxsari tbas ar SeuSinda da Tan Cahyva tbaSi, sadac mohkla calTvala devi. sisxli devisa amovida maRla Ziridam, gadaefina tbas da
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 70 mTlad dahfara, gaeba zed ablabudasaeb. iaxsari, radgan wminda iyo, angelozi, RvTis Svili, ver amovidoda maRla, rom devis sisxli ar miscxeboda da ar gauwmindurebuliyo. darCa xati iaxsari tbaSi. xalxma gaigo es ambavi da didad Seswuxda. qadagis piriT xalxma RmerTs SesTxova, eswavlebina mas xalxisaTvis saSualeba iaxsaris tbidam ganTavisuflebisa, amoyvanisa. RmerTma qadagisave piriT gamoucxada, eSovnaT oTxrqa, oTxyura cxvari da imis sisxliT gaenaTlaT tba, e. i. sisxli am cxvrisa CaeRvaraT tbaSi, anu Sig CaeklaT cxvari. fSavSi bevri eZebes oTxrqa, oTxyura cxvari, magram ver moiZies. bolo dros xevsureTSi aRmoCnda es saocari cxvari. RvTis brZanebisamebr, waiyvanes da Cakles cxvari wawadis tbaSi. maSinve cali piri tbisa gaixsna da iaxsari mtredisfrad amovida tbidan, Semojda tbis pirad qvazed da daiwyo mxrebis bRerta, sworeba. es ambavi TviT xalxurs leqsSiac naTlad aris gamoxatuli. Tumca kopalazedac gvindoda gvepovna xalxuri leqsi, magram xalxSi kopalazed leqsad araferia naTqvami. ai leqsi iaxsarze: RvTis karze SaviyareniT RTiSviln samocdacxranio; qvemoT, boloSi Camovje me, xati iaxsario. gadmodges saswor-Careqi, kvirav*, gviWire Tvalio, Camairiges RTiSvilTa, vervin gaugdo qario. gadavxe erTi avwie, RmerTo, Sen mame Zalio, samoclitrians rkinasa qveS gauvlie qario. `avis-gors~ SamamikideT Cemi patara zario. dahkran, xma axads movides, iq daiweron jvario. devs mauqnie sagmiro, kldes maafara Tavio, klde oTxad gavanaTose, devs gamovsTxare Tvalio. wawadas tbaSi Cavarda,
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 71 miZrna da moZrna tbanio. RTisagan viyav SaTvlili, Tan Cavyev iaxsario. devi movigde tbaSia, Tavs davamtvrie fario, amosvliT veRar amuel, sisxliT Samikra wyalio. xati dagvrCeba tbaSia, Sawuxdnen Cemni ymanio; maiyvanes da Camokles oTxrqa, oTxyura cxvario. RvTisagan iqna bZaneba, memre gaixsna wyalnio; Samovje beRlis qvazeda, Samovibertyen mxarnio~. SeniSvna: * kvira Zlieri angelozi yofila, fSavlebis warmodgeniT, da imis sadideblad, mosaxseneblad aris dadebuli kvira-dRe uqmad. abudelauris tba
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 72 ilia WavWavaZis dabadebis TariRis dadgenisaTvis saqarTvelos marTlamdideblur eklesias yovelTvis mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs eris ganviTarebaSi da cxovrebaSi. Zalian bevri adamianisTvis ucnobia is istoriul-dokumenturi masala, romelic dRemde swored eklesiis wyalobiT Semoinaxa. saubaria XIX saukunis im dokumentaciaze, romelic `metrikuli Canawerebis~ saxeliTaa cnobili. mrevlTa aRricxva mravalmxriv sainteresoa, radgan igi warmoadgens saqarTvelos yvela moqmedi eklesiis morwmuneTa mTeli saukunis, rig regionebSi ki saukuneze meti periodis dabadeba-naTlobis, qorwinebisa da gardacvalebis Canawerebs. mrevlis aRricxva sruldeboda naTlobisas, jvriswerisas da gardacvalebisas. amjerad gvinda yuradReba SevaCeroT, yvarlis, ioane naTlismcemilis Sobis saxelobis eklesiaSi, 1837 wlis 26 ianvars gakeTebul Canawerze, romelic ilia WavWavZis dabadebis TariRs hfens naTels. rogorc farTo sazogadoebisTvisაა cnobilia, 1837 wlis axali stiliT 8 noembers da Zveli stiliT 23 oqtombers daibada ilia WavWavaZe. zemoTaRniSnuli Canaweris Tanaxmad, Cven gadaWriT, SegviZlia
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 73 vTqvaT, rom es TariRi arasworia. vinaidan, 1837 wlis 26 ianvars gakeTebul CanawerSi vkiTxulobT: `wigni micemuli saqarTvelo-imereTis uwmindesis mmarTeblis sinodis kantoriTgan Telavis uezdis, soflis yvarlis, ioane naTlismcemlis Sobis Statski eklesiasa Sina krebulisadmi, Casawerlad dabadebulTa, qorwinebiT SeuRlvilTa da gardacvalebulTa Cylz (1837 w.) wlisaTvis~ am saerTo saTauris Semdgom ikiTxeba: `ianvris ocSi, amave soflis mcxovrebels, Tavad porudCiks grigol paatas Zes WavWavaZes da sjuliersa colsa missa, magdanas qristefores asuls, daebadaT vaJi ilia. saxli ganunaTle da naTliscema srulvyav amave soflis ioane naTlismcemlis Sobis eklesiis mRvdelma daniil ioanes Zem zurievman. naTlisRebis dros iyo amave eklesiis mnaTe mose ivanes Ze fxotiaSvili. mimrqmelad iyo Telavis uezdis, sofels qistauris mcxovrebeli, gardacvalebulis Tavadis, giorgi erisTavis meuRle nino malxazis asuli~. (saqarTvelos centraluri saistorio arqivi; fondi 489; saqme # 301). grafaSi `ricxvi monaTvlis dRisa~ Cawerilia `kv~ rac niSnavs 26. amrigad, vxedavT, rom nacvlad CvenTvis cnobili TariRisa, Tavadi ilia WavWavaZe dabadebula 1837 wlis 20 ianvars, monaTlula, imave wlis 26 ianvars da Sesabamisi Canaweric amave drosaa gakeTebuli. iSviaT SemTxvevebSi msgavsi tipis Canaweri SesaZloa ar Seesabamebodes realobas da dabadebis TariRi arasworad iyos Cawerili, es im SemTxvevebs Seexeba, roca bavSvis dabadebidan naTlobamde ramdenime Tvea gasuli. Cvens SemTxvevaSi ki dabadebisa da naTlobis TariRebs Soris eqvs dRiani Sualedia. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom orive TariRi garkveviT ikiTxeba da wakiTxvis cdomilebac gamoricxulia. agreTve faqtia rom, yvarelSi, 1837 wels, arc erTi, sxva ilia WavWavaZe ar dabadebula. Tu davuSvebT, rom CvenTvis aqamde cnobili TariRi, 1837 wlis 23 oqtomberi realuria, ibadeba kiTxva, rogor SeiZleboda saeklesio `metrikul wignSi~ momxdariyo Canaweri ilia WavWavaZis dabadebisa da naTlobis Taobaze, mis dabadebamde TiTqmis aTi TviT adre. swored es faqti gvafiqrebinebs, rom cnoba ilias dabadebis TariRis TariRi Cvenamde arasworadaa motanili. umjobesi iqneba Tu ilia WavWavaZis dabadebis dRes, am metrikuli Canaweris mixedviT 20 ianvars vizeimebT.
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 74 QR kodis meSveobiT, gadaxvalT iuTubi gverdze, sadac atvirTulia, telekompania `rusTavi 2-is~ 2014 wlis 9 noembris dilis gadacemaSi gasuli siuJeti - ilia WavWavaZis dabadebis saidumlo! genealog qeTi papunaSvilis aRmoCena ...
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 75 ciklidan werilobiTi wyaroni gvamcnoben (istoriuli dokumentis foto-asli, misi teqsti da ganmarteba) 1781 wlis 29 dekembers, qarTl-kaxeTis mefis erekle II-is mier, laSqrobidan miwerili werili, Tavis 5 wlis qaliSvil, Tekla batoniSvilisadmi 1781 welis 29 dekembers, qarTl-kaxeTis mefe erekle II laSqrobidan, werilis ugzavnis Tavis 5 wlis qaliSvilis, Tekla batoniSvils. mefes Svilis gasaxarad, werili yvela samefo beWdiT daubeWdavs. swored aman Semogvinaxa xuTenovani beWedi legendiT `erekle~ qarTul, somxur, berZnul, laTinur da sparsul enebze. gTavazobT werilis srul teqsts: `Tekla biWsa Teklas, mamisa da dedis sixaruls. madli, wyaloba da mSvidoba RvTisa mier da RvTismSobelisa mier da didisa mowamisa evstaTi sakvirvelmoqmedisagan. samaradisod ganmravldes mis zeda. Teklunav Cemo, Seni sibrZniT savse wigni momivida, romlisganac Sen xom ici da gonieri qalica xar, rogorc miameboda da maamebda magram ucxos ostatobiT da mdivnobiT iyo Seni garjiloba, ufro rom arabuls xels gemsgavsebina, metis siRrmisgan vera aRmovikiTxeT da verc ar SevityveT. SenTvis axla pirs kocna momixsenebia. Cem magierad dedaSenma gakocos. eqvsi kargi broweuli gamomigzavnia, xval RvTiT kidem bevrs Saqris yinuls da nuRls da Saqars gamogigzavni da Tu RvTis neba iqneba Cvenc wamovalT. dekembris kT (29), qoronikons uჲT (1781 w.)~. (werili daculia erovnul arqivSi, Zvel sabuTebis dednebis koleqciaSi; fondi 1448; sabuTi # 189).
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 76 Tekle batoniSvili - qarTveli poeti, erekle II-is asuli. daibada 1776 wels qarTl-kaxeTis samefos mefis erekle II-isa da misi mesame meuRlis darejan dadianis ojaxSi. Tavisi mebrZoli xasiaTis gamo mas mamamisi `Tekle-biWs~ eZaxda. 1800 wlis 7 seqtembers colad gahyva Tavad vaxtang orbelians, sagarejos mouravs. romelTanac SeeZinaT oTxi biWi: aleqsandre (1801-1869 w.w.), nikolozi (1803 w.), dimitri (1806- 1882 w.w.) da vaxtangi (1812-1890 w.w.). qarTl-kaxeTis bagrationTa ojaxis sxva wevrebisagan gansxvavebiT, ruseTis imperiis mier samefos aneqsiis Semdeg igi ar gadausaxlebiaT. mas mieniWa wminda ekaterines ordenis mcire jvari. misi meuRle msaxurobda ruseTis armiaSi da mokles kaxeTis 1812 wlis ajanyebis dros. Tekle batoniSvilis leqsebSi gamoxatulia Zveli didebis dakargviT gamowveuli sevda. poeti uCivis ubedobas da patimris mZime xvedrs. 1832 wels Tekles saxli TbilisSi iqca im qarTveli TavadTa da inteligenciis TavSeyris adgilad, romlnic ukmayofiloni iyvnen rusuli mmarTelobiT. dagegmili ajanyeba, romelic miznad isaxavda damoukidebeli qarTuli samefos aRdgenas, gamJRavnda Ralatis gamo da SeTqmulebi policiam daapatimra. 1832 wlis SeTqmulebaSi monawileobisaTvis, Tekla batoniSvili gadaasaxles qalaq kalugaSi, sadac cxovrobda 1834 wlis 11 oqtombridan 1835 wlis 6 maisamde. amis Semdgom neba darTes dabrunebuliyo TbilisSi, sadac cxovrobda gardacvalebamde. gardaicvala 1846 wlis 11 marts. dakrZalulia mcxeTis sveticxovelSi.
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 77 ciklidan qarTvelur saqmeTa moamageni (saubrebi) saubari moZraoba `gavadroSianoT saqarTvelos~ lider giorgi vasaZesTan. - mogesalmebiT batono giorgi. minda gacnoboT, rom genealogiuri kvlevis centris `arian-qarTlis~ mier dafuZnda yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~, romelic aqtiurad gaaSuqebs, rogorc Cveni qveynis warsulis miviwyebul furclebs, agreTve, sazogadoebas gaacnobs, awmyoSi
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 78 moRvawe qarTveluri saqmis moamageTa Rvawls da ra Tqma unda, gansakuTrebul adgils dauTmobs, Cveni momavali Taobis warmoCinebas. gadawyda, rom Jurnalis ciklis - `qarTveluri saqmis moamagenis~, pirveli respodenti Tqven, moZraoba `gavadroSianoT saqarTvelos~ lideri giorgi vasaZe yofiliyaviT. - mogesalmebiT batonebo, kidev erTi sasikeTo saqmisaTvis mogikidebiaT xeli `arian-qarTlelebs~. aucilebelia, momavalma Taobebma icodnen Cveni qveynis warsuli da sakuTar sagvareuloTa adgili saqarTvelos istoriaSi. adamianma Tu Tavis winaparTa ganvlili gza ar icis da arc interesdeba am TemiT, vfiqrob igi, srulyofil pirovnebad ver Camoyalibdeba. Cven, mama-papaTa magaliTze unda izrdebodnen momavali Taobebi. samSoblos istoriisa da sakuTari, gvarmodenilobis wevrTa namoRvawaris codnis gareSe, ver avaSenebT bednier momavals. usasrulod unda gagrZeldes, Cven winaparTa mier dafuZnebuli Rirseuli wes-Cveulebebi, yofaqcevis normebi. Cven ki Cvenis mxriv, axleburad unda gaviazroT mama-papaTagan Cvenamde motanili tradiciebi, SevmatoT axali aspeqtebi da gadavceT momaval Taobebs. - Tqvens mimarT, Cveni pativiscema wlebis win gaCnda, rodesac sakuTari sagvareulos istoriis kvlevis surviliT anTebulma mogvmarTeT. imTaviTve, igrZnoboda TqvenSi, ara marto sakuTari gvarCamomavlobis, aramed, yovelive qarTulis mimarT didi siyvaruli da pativiscema. - bavSvobidan mqonda Cemi mogvareebis mimarT, erTobisa da siyvarulis gancda, rodesac Cemi gvaris adamiani mxvdeba mas rogorc dedmamiSvils ise viReb, aseTi gamoTqmac ki gvaqvs erTmaneTSi: `imravlos Senma gvarmao.~ pasuxi ki aseTi iyo: `Cemma ki ara Senma gvarma imravloso.~ - gvaxsovs, rogor geswrafebodaT winaparTa ganvlili gzis gacnoba da rodesac Cveni kvlevis safuZvelze gairkva, rom axlandel TurqeTis teritoriaze, mdinare maWaxelas xeobis saTaveSi mdebare sofel efratSi saxlobdnen vacaZeTa gvarmodenilobis STamomavalni, romelTa ZirZvel sagvareulosac, saukuneTa win gamohyofia vasaZeTa gvarCamomavloba, maSinve miznad daisaxeT, Tqvens sagvareulos warmomadgenlebTan erTad CasuliyaviT, sofel efratSi, gagecnoT sisxliT naTesavni da urTierToba aRgedginaT maTTan. mogviyeviT vasaZeTa gvarmodenilobis wevrTa vizitis Taobaze TurqeTSi. - Cveni sagvareulos istoriis gamokvlevis Sedegad da gansakuTrebiT im faqtma, rom Cveni naTesavebi, amJamad TurqeTis
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 79 teritoriaze saxloben, dagvawyebina fiqri, gamogvenaxa maTTan Casvlisa da gacnobis gzebi. kanSi veRar veteodiT. dRedaRam Cvens fiqrad da dardad iqca, rac SeiZleba male SevxvedrodiT maT. ... da ai dadga dRec da CavediT sofel efratSi. ver aRvwer ra emociebiT aRsavse Sexvedra iyo. bednierebisagan vtirodiT orive mxare, Tumca ra orive, Cven erTni viyaviT da viqnebiT marad. damxvdurebma miwebi mogvizomes TaviaanT ezoebSi, saxls agaSenebinebT aqo, xSirad, rom CamoxvideT xolmeo. mas Semdgom, erTmaneTSi mokiTxva da mimosvla gvaqvs. vcdilobT, Wirica da lxinic saerTo gvqondes. ai ra Sedegebi moaqvs Tqvens saqmianobas Cemo kargebo, Cemo `arian-qarTlelebo~. efratis Sexvedraze dokumenturi filmic gadaviReT da Sesatyvisi saxelic `sisxlis yivili~ davarqviT. sxvaTaSoris minda am filmis prezentacia gavakeTo aq, niuiorkSi, raTa gavuRvivo qarTvelobas sakuyTari sagvareulos warsulis codnis interesi. - Zalian gagvikvirda rodesac SevityveT, rom samSoblos tovebdiT da amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi gadadiodiT sacxovreblad. TqvenTvis es nabiji egzom mtkivneuli unda yofiliyo. ram gadagawyvetinaT emigraciaSi wasvla? - RvTis nebis gareSe albaT erTi Tmis Reric ar Camouvardeba adamians. gavicani Cemi mogvare, Zalian kargi qalbatoni da man mirCia rom Semevso mwvane baraTi da rodesac movigeT ojaxi vfiqrobdiT kidec wavsuliyaviT Tu ara. madlobeli var uflis, radgan aq Zalian kargi qarTvelebi gavicaniT da Zlierad vudgavarT erTmaneTs gverdiT.
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 80 vakeTebT bevr qarTul saqmes da TiToeuli CvenTaganis mizani male samSobloSi dabrunebaa, Cvens ganswavlul momaval TaobasTan erTad. - batono giorgi, viciT, rom Tqven ojaxiT xarT wasuli emigraciaSi. meuRle, qalbatoni lia, yovelmxriv mxarSi gidgaT, Tqvens mier wamowyebul, nebismier erovnul saqmianobaSi. Tu SeiZleba gagvandeT saidumlo, qalbatoni lia, rogor uZlebs Tqvens aseT aqtiur xasiaTs. - namdvilad ar aris advili, Cemi gaZleba, magram Zalian erTgulad da mTeli SemarTebiT midgas gverdiT, Cemi meore naxevari, risTvisac didad madlieri var misi. - misabaZi qarTvelni brZandebiT Tqvenc da Tqveni meuRlec. Svilebic amerikaSi qarTul nacionalur cekvebs swavloben, maTac ar ukargavT fesvebs da im kulturas aziarebT, romlidanac isini
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 81 aRmocendnen. rogorc viciT, Tqveni Svilebi, axlaxan gastrolebiT iyvnen saqarTveloSi. ra emociebiT dabrundnen bavSvebi amerikaSi? - me, Cemi meuRle da amerikaSi myofi Cveni qarTveli megobrebi vcdilobT, qarTveloba ar davukargoT Svilebs da amisaTvis maqsimums vakeTebT. erTxel maT gavexumreT, wels ar giSvebT saqaTveloSio da iseT dReSi Cavardnen mivxvdiT, rom cudi xumroba gamogvigvida. bavSvebs yovel weliwads uxariaT saqarTveloSi wasvla, Tavis naTesavebTan Sexvedra da iqauri siwmindeebis monaxuleba. Cvenc vcdilobT, rom es survili SevusruloT da rac SesaZlebloba aqvT samSoblos moaxmaron. maTi swavla-ganaTleba da winsvla iqiTaa mimarTuli, rom isini samSoblos gamoadgnen. Cveni ojaxis mTavari mizania, rom bavSvebma ar daiviwyon sakuTari ena, mamuli da sarwmunoeba. sacekvao ansambl `fesvebis~ Semadgenloba, sami Tvis win iyo saqarTveloSi, koncerti hqondaT filarmoniaSi. moiares saqarTvelos kuTxeebi. bavSvebi erTmaneTs ejibrebodnen, `aq me unda viyido miwa~ da `aq meo ...~. am emociebis Semxedvare mivxvdiT, rom Cveni, mSoblebis garjas ukvalod ar Cauvlia. - sainteresoa Tqveni axali wamowyebac `gavadroSianoT saqarTvelo~, rodis da saidan gaCnda es idea? - erovnul saqmeTagan, rac Cavifiqre da movindome uflis wyalobiT yvelaferi gamomivida. vidre ideis ganxorcielebas daviwyeb, Cems megobrebTan erTad ganvixilav mis av-kargianobas da rom CamovyalibdebiT, mere viwyeb moqmedebas. `gavadroSianoT saqarTvelos~
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 82 wamowyeba arc ise ioli saqme gaxldaT. minda qarTuli droSa frialebdes yvela qarTvelis ojaxSi. amayi var Cveni droSis istoriiT, romelic daniis droSis Semdeg, siZveliT meorea msoflioSi. Cveni xuTjvriani droSa sxvadasxva kompoziciebiT XIV saukunis I naxevridan Cndeba, istoriul wyaroebSi. masze gamosaxul simboloebs da fers mniSvnelovani datvirTva aqvs, TeTr fonze datanili jvari, kuTxeebSi oTxi mcire jvriT, zogadqristianuli simboloa da macxovarsa da oTx maxarobel angelozs aRniSnavs, TeTri feri umankoebas, siwmindes da sibrZnes, xolo wiTeli simamaces, samarTlianobas da siyvaruls niSnavs. qarTuli, wminda xuTjvriani droSa yvelgan siamayiT unda aRvmarToT. Cveni mizania, daviwyoT saqarTvelos gadroSianeba sakuTari saxlebidan. yvelam ojaxSi, organizaciaSi, ubralod quCaze, sofelSi Tu qalaqSi aafrialos Cveni wminda da ulamazesi droSa. saqarTvelos droSis istoria da mis simboloTa arsi, gamokiTxulis oTxmocma procentma ar icis, rac Zalzed cudia. pataraobidan unda CavunergoT da vaswavloT Cvens STamomavalT, droSis mniSvneloba da arsi, swored esaa Cveni moZraobis Canafiqri. mjeravs, rom ufali dagvexmareba am kargi saqmis ganxorcielebaSi. moZraoba `gavadroSianoT saqarTvelo~ araa politikuri organizacia, qarTuli droSis pativiscema yvela CvenTaganis valia. aRaraa qiSpobis dro, yoveli CvenTagani droSis garSemo unda gaverTiandeT, samSoblos mxolod erTobiT Tu gadavarCenT. italieli kartografis, anjelino dulCeris, 1339 wliT daTariRebuli ruka - batono giorgi, eris gaerTianeba, gamTlianeba, swored Tqvennairi, arapolitizirebuli adamianebis wamowyebiT SeiZleba iqnes miRweuli. - udaoa, patriotuli suliskveTebiT xarT gaJRenTili. xSirad gxedavT Tqven da Tqvens ojaxs qarTul nacionalur samosSi
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 83 gamowyobils, saqarTvelos sapatriarqos CoxosanTa sazogadoebis wevri brZandebiT albaT? - diax gaxlavarT, Tavad uwmindesi da unetaresi, saqarTvelos kaTalikos patriarqi ilia II gaxlavT CoxosanTa sazogadoebis Tavmjdomare da misi wevroba didi pativia CemTvis. yovelTvis momwonda qarTuli nacionaluri samosi. ganumeorebeli SegrZnebaa, roca erovnuli tanisamosiT gacvia, TiTqos gakeTilSobilebs da kargis keTebisaken gibiZgebs. manhetenze ase gamowyobils, roca ki gagvivlia, ver agiRwerT ra saocari gamometyvelebiT gviyureben ucxoelni, moswonT, gaCereben da aRfrTovanebulni gekiTxebian, sadauri xar, romel kulturas warmoadgens es samosio. - Tqvens momaval gegmebs xom ver gagvacnobdiT? - Cemi samomavlo gegmaa, aq myof, samagaliTo qarTvel emigrant, goCa gutaSvilTan erTad, qarTvelTa erTiani Sekreba movawyoT, radgan yvela mxris qarTveloba cal-calke ikribeba. kuTxuri, politikuri da religiuri gansxvavebis miuxedavad, gaverTiandeT qarTvelebi da am dRes `erTobis dRe~ davarqvaT. saqarTveloSi araa `erTobis dRis~ aRniSvnis tradicia, swored aseT wess gvinda CavuyaroT me da goCam safuZveli.
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 84 - bolos, ra rCevas miscemdiT emigraciaSi wasvlis msurvel qarTvelobas? - Cemi rCeva iqneba, yoveli qarTveli kargad dafiqrdes ramdenad uRirs mas samSoblos datoveba, ra perspeqtiva elis mis am qmedebas da Semdeg gadadgas Sesabamisi nabiji. gansakuTrebiT minda gavafrTxilo is pirovnebebi romelTac ukve yavs ojaxi, araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar datovos Tavisi colSvili saqarTveloSi, Tu wasvlaa, erTad wavidnen emigraciaSi. amgvarma saqcielma xeli Seuwyo ojaxebis ngrevasa da Zalzed Seamcira Sobadoba. ojaxis erTad yofniT iwyeba eris erTad yofna, es ar unda dagvaviwydes. - warmatebas gisurvebT batono giorgi, am axal, 2024 wels, Tqveni winsvlisa da gamarjvebis weli yofiliyos es weli. QR kodis meSveobiT, gadaxvalT iuTubi gverdze, sadac atvirTulia istoriul-SemecnebiTi dokumenturi videofilmi - `sisxlis yivili~
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 85 saaxalwlo xumrobebi anotacia - masalebi T o v l i s p a p a S v i l T a sagvareulos istoriis Sesaxeb qarTlis cxovrebis - saqarTvelos istoriis cixe-simagris mSeneblobaSi Tavisi wili aguri TovlispapaSvilTa ZirZvelma da saxelovanma sagvareulomac dado. TovlispapaSvilTa gvarsaxelis etimologia arcerT aqamomde gamocemul lingvistur naSromSi ganxiluli araa. Sesabamisad patronimis fuZis semantikuri sarCuli Seuswavlelia. naSromSi warmogidgenT TovlispapaSvilTa gvarsaxelis etimologiis savaraudo ganmartebas, magram aqve davZsenT, rom TovlispapaSvilTa memkvidreobiTi saxeli Semdgom lingvistur kvleva-Ziebas saWiroebs. winapris maxasiaTebel sakuTari saxelidan moudiT gvarsaxelis fuZe TovlispapaSvilT. `Tovlisa~ - gavrcelebuli zedmetsaxeli yofila kacisa Zvel saqarTveloSi. sagvareulos fuZemdeblis maxasiaTeblis mixedviT warmoqmnili gvarsaxelebi xSirad gvxvdeba qarTul patronimTa Soris. amrigad, TovlispapaSvilTa memkvidreobiTi saxeli eponimuri tipis gvarsaxelTa rigs ganekuTvneba, radgan mis fuZeSi fiqsirebulia winapris, sagvareulos fuZemdeblis anTroponimi `Tovlisa~. patronim TovlispapaSvilis pirvandel, ZirZvel formad `Tovlispapa~ unda iqnas miCneuli, sadac `Tovlisa~ - pirsaxelia kacisa, xolo memkvidreobiTi saxelis daboloeba `-papa~ - saqarTvelos mTianeTSi SemorCenili, Zveli qarTuli gvarsaxelis mawarmoebeli formaa da kuTvnilebas, modenilobas, Camomavlobas aRniSnavs. saqarTveloSi gvxvdeba derivatuli formis `Tovl~ - Ziriani Semdegi qarTveluri gvarsaxeli: Tovlisbabua da Tovlisbabuava - odiSarTa, Tovlbba - afxazTa, TovlisbabueiSvili - gurulTa, TovlisbabuaZe - imerTa, TovlisbabuaSvili - raWvelTa, Tovlisbabuani - svanTa, TovlipapaSvili - kaxelTa, TovlispapaiZe - TuSTa, Tovlispapaurni - moxeveTa da TovlispapaSvilni - qarTlelTa. am
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 86 SemTxvevaSi saubaria mxolod gvarsaxelTa fuZis msgavsebaze da ara gvarmodenilobaTa erTsisxlobaze. gvarsaxeli erTi aqvT da Zirad, sisxlad erTni arian TovlispapaSvilni, rameTu erTi vinme, metsaxelad `Tovlisas~ STamomavlT TovlispapaSviloba gaugvardaT. odiTgan saqarTvelos budobda TovlipapasSvilTa gvarmodeniloba. ioane batoniSvili gvamcnobs - `TovlispapaSvilTa winaparni arian laplandiiTgan mosulni saqarTvelosa Sina da eseni Cndnen rusTa batonobisa Jamsa da traqtatsa Sina ar ariam moxseniebulni~. santaklausi laplandiaSi saqarTveloSi mcxovreb, TiTqmis yvela gvarmodenilobas gaaCnia Tavis sagvareulosTan dakavSirebuli Tqmulebani Tu legendebi ... TiToeuli aseTi gadmocema, ara marto qarTuli, aramed msoflio aramaterialuri kulturis Zeglia da gansakuTrebul dacvasa da movla patronobas saWiroebs, rac Cvenda samwuxarod, momavlis saqmea. dro ki gadis, … winaprebTan erTad imarxeba da ikargeba is codna, rac ZvelT, didis rudunebiT, metnaklebad srulad moutaniaT Cvenamde. ase ubnoben: erT sisxl ariano TovlispapaSvilni - qarTvelni, santaklausni - skandinavielni, dedmarozovni - rusni, per-noelni - frangni, befananni - italielni, iul tomtenni - Svedni da frau folenni – germanelni da sxvani da sxvani; isini aqamomde biZaSviloben da erTurTSi qals ar aTxoveben. Cvenamde moRweul qarTul saistorio wyaroebSi TovlipapasSvilTa gvarsaxeli XIX saukunis II aTwleulidan ixsenieba.
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 87 1813 wlis 31 dekembriT TariRdeba didebul axalwlionTa mier TovlispapaSvilTaTvis boZebuli wyalobis sigeli, romlidanac irkveva, rom TovlispapaSvilT saqarTvelosa Sina, saaxalwlod axali wlis milocva da mekvleoba sdebiaT valad. XIX saukunis pirvel aTwleulebSi Semdgar qarTul sigel-gujarSi TovlispapaSvilni Canan viTarca mowmenni da misandonni: axalwlionTa, fifqiaZeTa da TovliskaciSvilTa. gelodi TovlispapaSvili saaxalwlo mimosvlisas samSoblosa da saqarTvelosa da axalwlionTa modgmis ZlierebisaTvis, TovlispapaSvilTa sagvareulos mekvleni, qudze kacad - viTarca wesi ars meaxalwleTa, saaxalwlod mimodiodnen: qarTlis, kaxeTis, imereTis, samcxe-javaxeTis, guriis, aWaris, raWis, odiSisa da afxazeTis mamulebSi.
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 88 saqarTvlSi rusTa imperiis batonobis Jams Semdgar, sxvadasxva xasiaTis dokumentaciaSi, kameraluri aRweris davTrebsa da saeklesio CanawerebSi mravlad ixsenieba TovlispapaSvilTa gvarsaxeli. mogelodi TovlispapaSvili axaliwlis sufraze ukvalod ar Cauvlia TovlispapaSvilTa sagvareulos Tavdadebul winaparTa garjas; rameTu mekvleobis pativi, samSoblosaTvis usazRvro siyvarulis sanuqfod eZlevaT, gvarmodenilobis rCeul vaJkacT. jiSi arsebobs, memkvidreoba arsebobs, niWi ar ikargeba. Jami Jams misdevs ... erTguleba da Tavdadebis unari Taobidan Taobas gadaecema ... gardasul dReTa dideba da pativi arc uaxloes warsulSi, XIX-XX saukuneebSi dahklebia TovlispapaSvilTa niWier da Sromismoyvare sagvareulos, romlis mravalma warmomadgenelma naTeli kvali datova saqarTvelos istoriaSi. saqarTveloSi TovlispapaSvilTa did-pataris, qudosan-mandilosnis saerTo raodenoba ucnobia. RmerTma amravlos TovlispapaSvilTa ZirZveli da saxelovani sagvareulo. QR kodis meSveobiT, gadaxvalT Cvens iuTubi gverdze, sadac atvirTulia SemoqmedebiT jguf `genezisis~ mier momzadebuli, video rgoli - `masalebi TovlispapaSvilTa sagvareulos istoriis Sesaxeb~.
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 89 saaxalwlo tradiciebi saqarTveloSi saqarTvelos samefo karis saaxalwlo etiketi vaxuSti batoniSvilis cnobiT, saaxalwlo zeimi xelmwifis karzed, ciskris locvis aravlenamde iwyeboda. samefo ojaxTan, sasaxleSi, mekvled Wyondideli midioda. miubrZanebda jvarsa da xatsa da mefesa da dedofals Tvalwarmtac samkaulebsa da Saqars miutanda. ciskris locvis Semdeg mefes eaxlebodnen erisTavni, vazirni da sxvani da sxvani didebulni Tav-TavianTi ZRveniTa. mefesa da mis ojaxs mravalJamier sicocxlesa da janmrTelobas usurvebdnen. amis Semdgom sasaxleSi didi nadimi imarTeboda. trapezis damTavrebisTanave iwyeboda nadiroba. lado gudiaSvili - mefe rostevanisa da avTandilis nadiroba axal wlamde ramdenime dRiT adre, mejinibeTuxucesi mefes sam cxens miarTmevda, ori samefo cxeni iyo, erTi ki - jaglagi. jaglags klavdnen da xorcs sanadirod Segulebul, samefo sasaxlis maxloblad mdebare adgilas yridnen, raTa suniT cxovelni mietyuebinaT. ase moityuebdnen nadirs - meliebs, turebs, mglebs da saTanadod
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 90 Semorazul sivrceSi daamwyvdevdnen. samefo karze nadimis dasrulebis Semdgom gamouSvebdnen damwyvdeul cxovelT da mefe da didebulni iwyebdnen maTze nadirobas. monadireT, nadirisaTvis isari ar unda aecdinaT. visac mizani umtyunebda, imas weli cudad wauvidoda. nadirobis Semdgom mefe da misi amala gamxiarulebulni brundebodnen sasaxleSi. axali wlis aRniSvnis TariRisaTvis axali wlis aRniSvnis TariRi, saqarTvelos istoriis manZilze, xSirad icvleboda. VII saukunemde axal weli agvistoSi dgeboda, VII saukunidan IX saukunis 20-iani wlebis damdegamde - seqtemberSi, Semdgom ki axali wlis aTvla gazafxulis pirveli Tvidan - martidan iwyeboda. 1 ianvars, axali wlis dadgomis tradicia ki, XIV saukuneSi damkvidrda. saaxalwlo tradiciebi saqarTveloSi erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdeba, saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxis saaxalwlo tradiciebi, Tumca nebismieri maTganis mizani erTia - dResaswauls ise unda SexvdeT, rom axalma weliwadma TiToeul CvenTaganis ojaxs bedniereba, janmrTeloba, xvavi, baraqa, sikeTe da sixaruli moutanos. axali weli kargi saSualebaa `Zvelis dasaviwyeblad da axali cxovrebis dasawyebad", amitomac yvela cdilobs, axali wlis dReebSi cudze naklebi ifiqros da droc iseT adamianebTan gaataros, visTanac Tavs yvelaze kargad igrZnobs. Sesabamisad, axal wels gviwevs, ramdenime sufris Semovla da axlobelTa ojaxebis milocva-dalocvis ritualis Catareba. mekvle
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 91 mekvle tradiciis mixedviT, adamianebi Ramis 12 saaTs sakuTar WerqveS, ojaxis wevrebTan erTad xvdebian, amis Semdgom, winaswar SeTanxmebuli mimosvlis grafiki iwyebs moqmedebas. TumcaRa, manamde mekvleobis mniSvnelovani ritualia Casatarebeli. `mekvleoba~, stumar-maspinZlobis tradiciidan iRebs saTaves. qarTveli kaci, ucxo ojaxSi pirvelad rom Sedis, keTili iyos Cemi `fexio~ - iZaxis. stumris miReba, tradiciulad, ojaxis Rirsebad iTvleba da qarTvel kacsac uCndeba pretenzia - es Rirseba axali wlis pirvel wuTebSive daicvas. mekvle, pirvel yovlisa, stumars niSnavs da ojaxis wevris gareT gaseirneba da ukan Semobruneba mekvleobad ar iTvleba. sityvis Sinaarsidan gamomdinare, `mekvlem~ ojaxisken mimavali gza unda gakvalos. Tumca kvalic aris da kvalic, da es kvali, pirvel rigSi, `fexzea" damokidebuli. oRond aq `fexis~ zoma ki ara, `fexis~ avkargianoba igulisxmeba. ojaxis arawevris `fexis~ Semodgmas saxlSi simboluri datvirTva gaaCnia. `keTili da boroti" fexis cru rwmena CvenSi mxolod axal wels ar ukavSirdeba. Rirseul, Tavmomwone ojaxs stumrisTvis kari mudam Ria unda hqondes. saaxalwlod stumars ki ara `sasurveli" ki ara, aramed, `aucilebeli~ statusi eniWeba, amrigad mekvlis sakiTxi winaswar, rudunebiT unda mogvardes. mekvles Zvel saqarTveloSi winaswar irCevdnen. pirvel rigSi, is ojaxis axlobeli da sasurveli stumari unda yofiliyo. es
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 92 tradicia dResac SenarCunebulia. magram iseTebic arian, cxovrebaSi kacisTvis araferi rom ar uwyeninebiaT, magram maTi stumroba Tu ubralo danaxva viRac-viRaceebs cudad aqvT dacdili. mekvled, ra Tqmna unda, aseT adamians ar patiJebdnen. saqarTvelos kuTxeebSi mekvleobis rituali sxvadasxvanairad tardeboda. aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi mekvle venaxSi Sedioda da sagangebod Senonaxul yvelaze did mtevans, karg `yoC vazTan" dawuravda imis niSnad, rom weli mosavliani yofiliyo. venaxis ar qonis SemTxvevaSi, mekvles xorbali Semohqonda da iatakze mTesveliviT fantavda". mekvle `Semovdgi fexi, gwyalobdeT RmerTi! fexi Cemi - kvali angelozisa! weli sikeTe-saTnoebisa, mSvidobisa, baraqisa, siyvarulisa, gamravlebisa! RmerTma daglocoT kac-diaciT, Tqveni SvilebiT, akvnebis simravliT, pur-Rvinis daZvelebiT, zvar-yanebis sididiT, cxvar-Zroxis simravliT, kargi stumriTa da yvela mokeTiT! mraval axal wels!" - aseTia mekvlis dalocva.
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 93 dasavleT saqarTvelos saaxalwlod, ZiriTadad, CiCilaks dgamdnen. CiCilaks ZiriTadad Txilis xisgan amzadeben da merqnis anaTalebis burbuSelas xiliTa da `foCiani kamfetebiT" rTavdnen. CiCilakis mosarTavad kunelsac iyenebdnen, romelsac oTaxSi tyisa da bunebis efeqti Semoaqvs. kunelis wiTel marcvlebs, mZiviviT aasxavdnen da burbuSelaze garSemo axvevdnen. CiCilakis Tavi oTxadaa gayofili, WrilSi jvars svamen da am jvarze vaSls (axla ufro forToxals) da broweuls kideben. broweuli simravlis simboloa, vaSlebi ki, sijansaRis. zogierTebi, uxvi wlis imediT abazianebs Wedavdnen da CiCilakze hkidebdnen. CiCilakze gaputul yvinCilasac
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 94 Camoakonwialebdnen xolme, romelsac bolosa da frTebze bumbulebi hqonda datovebuli. imerlebi CiCilaks endroTi wiTlad Rebavdnen. arsebobs guruli - `kalpiani~ CiCilakic. Zveli qarTuli saaxalwlo sufra namdvilad ar iyo iseTi uxvi da mravalferovani, rogorc dRevandeli, magram aseT sufraze yvelaze kargad Canda saqarTvelos calkeuli kuTxeebis gastronomiuli tradiciebi da zogadad sufris fenomenisadmi damokidebuleba. imereTi Tavisi samzareuloTi yovelTvis gamoirCeoda saqarTvelos sxva kuTxeebisagan. imeruli saaxalwlo sufra mxaleulobisa da sakmazis mravalferovnebiTa da xorceulis metad originalurad damuSavebiT gamoirCeva. mTaSi saaxalwlo sufra ZiriTadad xorceulisagan Sedgeba, umeteswilad yovelgvari sakazmis gareSe. qarTl-kaxeTSi saSobaosaaxalwlo sufris mSvenebad nazuqi iTvleba. samezobloSi romeli qalbatonic yvelaze karg nazuqs daacxobs, momaval wels lxinisa Tu Wiris sufrebze swored igi iniSneba qalebis `ustabaSad~ da mTavar mzareulad. megrul saaxalwlo sufraze tradiciuli kerZebis: Romis, elarjisa da gebJalias garda, aucileblad keTdeba raime ucxo, megruli sufrisaTvis naklebad damaxasiaTebeli saWmeli, rac sufras gansakuTrebul lazaTs sZens. Zvel qarTul saaxalwlo sufraze Rvino aucileblad unda yofiliyo. cnobili ambavia, rom svanebi, mTiulebi, fSavlebi da sxva mTaSi mcxovrni qarTvelni, axali wlis wina dReebSi Rvinis sayidlad barSi Cadiodnen. mTaSi ra Tqma unda, sufraze ludic iyo da arayic, magram axali weli, Rvinis gareSe, xom warmoudgenelia.
yovelTviuri Jurnali `memkvidreoba~ # 1 (1) 2024 w. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 95 RmerTo, acxovne amis damwerni: gigi korinTeli, qeTevan papunaSvili, Tea RambaSiZe. Tumc raime cToma ixiloT, nu gvwyevT, aramed SegvindeviT. redaqciis misamarTi: saqarTvelo, q. Tbilisi, avTo varazis quჩa # 28, bina # 71 a sabanko rekvizitebi: s.s. GE30TB7850236080100015 saidentifikacio kodi: 405656213 telefoni: 5 55 78 61 17 veb gverdi: www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100009011895877
aq SesaZloa yofiliyo Tqveni reklama `warsuli mkvidri saZirkvelia awmyosi, rogorc awmyo momavlisa~ ilia WavWavaZe
genealogiuri kvlevis centri `arian-qarTli~ g T a v a z o b T: sasurveli sagvareuloze genealogiuri naSromis Sedgenas naSromSi Sesuli iqneba: - etapi pieveli: gvarsaxelis etimologia; sagvareulos warmoSobis areali; sagvareulos socialuri mdgomareoba; sagvareulos Sesaxeb arsebuli eTnografiuli masala; sagvareulos Sesaxeb arsebuli istoriuli masala; sagvareulos adgili qarTul laSqarSi; sagvareulosTan dakavSirebuli toponimebi; sagvareulos wevrTa gansaxlebis ariali da raodenoba. - etapi meore: sasurveli soflSi, XIX saukunesa da XX saukunis dasawyisSi Semdgar, aRwerebsa da saeklesio davTrebSi, sakvlevi sagvareulos wevrTa Ganawerebi. pirbeli da meore etapis erTad dakveTis SemTxvevaSi, saCuqrad gadmogecemaT, naSromi A4 formatis erTi cali an A5 formatis ocdaaTi cali wigni, agreTve istoriul-SemecnebiTi video rgoli da A3 formatis tiloze dabeWdili sagvareulo niSani. aRniSnul masalaze dayrdnobiT xdeba: naSromis A4 da A5 formatis wignis saxiT damzadeba; TqvenTvis sasurveli sabuTebis aslis A3, A2 da A1 formatis tiloze beWvda; sagvareulo niSnis Sedgena da A3, A2 an A1 formatis tiloze beWvda; TvalsaGino nakeTobis damzadeba: droSa, saaTi, maisuri, nardi da sxva; genealogiuri xis Sedgena - uSualowi naparTa saxelebi da dabadebis, qorwinebis, gardacvalebis TariRebi; istoriul-SemecnebiTi videorgolis damzadeba; dokumenturi filmis gadaReba; sasurvel sofelze istoriul-eTnografiuli naSromis Sedgena. misamarTi: saqarTvelo, q. Tbilisi, avTo varazis quჩa # 28, bina # 71 a telefoni: 555 781 761 veb gverdi: https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100009011895877 saidentifikacio kodi: 405656213 sabanko rekvizitebi: s.s. GE30TB7850236080100015