e-Programme Book i-ConSPADU 2021

programme book

the international conference on
sustainable practices,
development & urbanisation

Reimagining resilient sustainability:

An integrated effort in research, practices and education

organised by:

in collaboration with:

the international conference on
sustainable practices,

development & urbanisation

Reimagining resilient sustainability:

An integrated effort in research, practices and education

16 NOV 2021



CENTRE FOR FOUNDATION & GENERAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITI SELANGOR

Editor: Nurshahirah Azman

content

Welcoming Speeches

President & Vice Chancellor 01
Universiti Selangor

Dean 02
Centre for Foundation & General Studies

Deputy Dean of Academic 03
Centre for Foundation & General Studies

Director 04
The International Conference on Sustainability Practices,
Development & Urbanisation

i-ConSPADU Information

Background 05
Objectives 06
Themes 06

Event Schedule 07

Parallel Session for Live Presentations Schedule 08

Abstracts 09
List of i-ConSPADU 2021 Committee Members

Appreciation

WELCOMING SPEECH

by the President and Vice Chancellor of UNISEL

Esteemed scholars, In that spirit, University Selangor together with PADU are
distinguished guests,
ladies and gentlemen.. even more committed to promote the awareness of SDG to

the members of the public and governments to ensure the

achievement of SDG in Malaysia and this region. With the

theme 'Reimagining resilient and sustainability: Integrated

Effort in Research, Practice and Education', I-ConSPADU

2021 aims to promote social responsibility and realising

I am delighted to welcome all of you here in the

sustainable development in technology and industries. We

International Conference on Sustainable Practices,

also hope that through I-ConSPADU, we are able to

Development in Urbanisation 2021 (I-ConSPADU) organized

construct educational practices, exploring political

by the Centre for Foundation and General Studies (PADU) of

commitment and reshaping the economic sustainability

University Selangor.

through sustainable development.

The pandemic had taught us, that the progress of scientific Allow me to conclude by hoping that through I-ConSPADU,
research, the agility of educational policy, the continuous we hope that we are are able to realise our mission to
political stability and the collaborative social responsibility provide excellent learning environment and develop
are the main ingredients in ensuring sustainable and resilient competent, upright and ethical professionals and scholars.
recovery from the pandemic COVID-19. We now realise the Thank you for your participation on this international
importance of achieving SDG and the pandemic has taught conference and thank you for sharing your knowledge and
us of its importance. As Bambang Susantono, the Vice- insights through your commendable efforts in research and
President for Knowledge Management and Sustainable innovations.
Development of the Asian Development Bank (ADB)
remarked at the 8th Asia-Pacific Forum on Sustainable Assalamualaikum and thank you.
Development in last March:

“Our region was off track to achieve the SDGs even before
this crisis. We have been reminded of this fact and its dire
consequences many times in today’s event, and over the
course of last year However, we should remember that the
SDG agenda was designed to address the very fragilities
that the pandemic has exposed.”

Prof. Dato' Dr. Mohammad Redzuan b. Othman



01

PREFACE

by the Dean of Centre for Foundation & General Studies

Dear distinguished The success of this conference depends largely on the
delegates and guests.. tireless efforts of the organizing committee. I would also like
to extend my heartfelt gratitude to the all participants and
In preparation for writing this preface, I looked through old all parties who have been instrumental directly or indirectly
folders dating back in 2019 when I first became the Dean for in the fruitful accomplishment of IConSPADU 2021. In
Centre for Foundation and General Studies. In and amongst addition, I would like to take this opportunity as well to thank
the folders are the write-ups and proposals floating the the speakers and oral presenters for generously sharing their
ideas to cultivate and eventually making research, knowledge and research discoveries.
publication and innovation habitual in this centre. To certain
extent, I believe we succeeded in realizing this aim which We sincerely hope that this conference will benefit,
provided the courage to take a step further with the encourage and be an impetus to all participants to thrive for
organization of International Conference on Sustainable excellence in sustainability research. In addition, we trust
Practices, Development and Urbanisation (IConSPADU 2021). that IConSPADU 2021 will provide an avenue for networking
and continued friendship amongst the participants.
For most people, ‘sustainability’ is a gloried catchphrase.
The journey to build a sustainability-oriented world will be
However, the recent emergence of the Covid 19 pandemic challenging and exciting. As once Mahatma Gandhi said
and I quote “Be the change that you wish to see in the
has taught us to put sustainability at the heart of everything world.”

we do. Therefore, IConSPADU 2021 has arranged a great

selection of keynotes and invited speakers from around the

world to exchange and share the practices and experiences

in their respective fields emphasizing on zero waste and

circular economy, food and water security and

environmental resilience. We are confident this conference

will be both stimulating and informative and more

importantly presents as a platform that will educate on how

to integrate sustainability as a way of life.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Maegala Nallapan Maniyam

02

PROLOGUE

by the Deputy Dean of
Centre for Foundation & General Studies, UNISEL

Assalamualaikum and Greetings, Hence, Centre for Foundation and General Studies or Pusat
Pengajian Asasi dan Umum (PADU) would like to play our
Reimagining resilient sustainability: an integrated effort in part in steering the academician, students as well as our
research, practices and education. industrial partners to spearhead sustainable practise,
research and urbanisation in their respected fields,
This main theme emphasised the importance of synergetic particularly in Selangor.
initiatives across three major domains (research, practice
and education) in order to attain sustainable lifestyle for the PADU as the centre which provide foundation programs and
sake of our future generation. Thus, the International general studies courses as well as UNISEL as a tertiary
Conference on Sustainable Practices, Development and education institution imbued with moral values and ethics
Urbanisation (IConSPADU) 2021 is organised as a platform must set a leading example in advocating SDGs as they are
for sharing best practices, current research and discussing essentially elements of developing competent graduates
the best way forward to sustainably advance society without and future leaders. Our efforts may be modest, but the
compromising the ecosystem. message they contain is invaluable. On this occasion, I
would like to congratulate the committee of I-ConSPADU
Furthermore, this conference is part of the initiatives in and wish all delegates a fruitful discussions and knowledge
supporting the aim of Universiti Selangor (Unisel) to climb up sharing.
the UI Greenmetric World University ranking after
successfully ranked at 486 in our first attempt in 2020. Aside Last but not least, sustainability is another word for justice,
from that, I-ConsPADU 2021 hopes to raise awareness and for what is just is sustainable, whereas what is unjust is not.
foster positive attitudes towards sustainability, in line with
the implementation of the United Nations’ Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs) agreed upon in September 2015.
There are 17 goals and 169 targets on the agenda. SDGs
framework aims for balance of economic progress and
environmental protection, while also addressing the disparity
between rich and developing countries.

Dr. Hazeeq Hazwan bin Azman

03

INTRODUCTION

by the Programme Director

Assalamualaikum w.b.t. The same spirit and passion had been shown by the scholars
and collaborators that had contributed and participated in
In the traditional Malay custom, an opening word with a I-ConSPADU 2021. This conference would not be a success
with the support from all of you. I am also thrilled to have
piece of betel leave or Sekapur sirih symbolises the spirit of the privilege to work with the organizing committee who had
work tirelessly in making this event a success. With a humble
respect, sincerity, kindness, steadfast, brotherhood and heart and a sincere gratitude, I would like to thank the
collaborators, the participants, and committee members for
agreement. It is with the same spirit I welcome you to the your insights, supports and dedication to this event. I would
also like to take this opportunity to thank The Honourable
International Conference on Sustainable Practices, Datuk Seri Dr Hj Dzulkefley Bin Ahmad, the MP of Kuala
Selangor for his support by officiating this ceremony. My
Development in Urbanisation 2021 (I-ConSPADU 2021). This utmost gratitude to the Vice Chancellor, Yang Berbahagia
Prof. Dato’ Dr Mohammad Redzuan Bin Othman and the
event is another mile stone for Centre for Foundation and Managing Board of University Selangor for their endless
support to our cause. A special thank you to the Dean of
General Studies (PADU) to cultivate the culture of research PADU the ever lovely Associate Prof. Dr Maegala Nallapan
Maniyam for her continuous support and inspiration to all of
and innovations among the members of PADU and the us in PADU, and last but not least to all of my friends and
colleagues in PADU for being supportive and being an
academia community at large. The theme of this conference awesome lot! I wish all of you a productive and constructive
conference and have a great day.
is sustainability which covers various fields and academics

share their expertise in their respective fields. Apart from

that, this international conference is also a platform for

PADU and UNISEL in promoting the importance of

Sustainable Development Goals (SDG).

Though the pandemic had gravely affected the world, this
circumstances did not diminish the spirit of scholars,
education providers and authorities around the world to
continue the noble cause of providing knowledge and
enlightenment to the public at large. For we educators and
scholars understand that education will not just enlighten
the students but also the teachers.

‘Whoever desires the world, needs to master knowledge.
Whoever desires the hereafter, needs to master knowledge.
And to whoever desires both (the world and the hereafter),
needs to master knowledge.’ (Hadith Narrated by Ahmad)

Puan Hafiza Ab Hamid

04

about i-conspadu 2021

BACKGROUND

The International Conference on Sustainable Completely held virtually this time, this international
conference will be held on the 16th of November 2021
Practices, Development and Urbanisation (IConSPADU) where it aims to gather fellow academicians,
researchers, educators and policy makers to share
is an event conducted by the Centre for Foundation new findings, information or issues and challenges
faced as well as looking for thorough solution ideas
and General Studies (PADU), Universiti Selangor which is in line with the themes of sustainability and
modernity.
(UNISEL). It is a continued effort in research and

publication by the faculty following the successful first

conference previously held in 2019, The National

Conference of Foundation and General Studies

(PERSePADU) 2019.

05

about i-conspadu 2021

OBJECTIVES

To catalyse the sharing and discovery of new knowledge, information and issues concerning the
latest sustainability efforts among scholars and researchers.
To encourage the participation of young researchers and tertiary-level university students in
research and publication.
To raise awareness and educate the public on the importance of sustainability in various aspects
and fields

MAIN THEME

Reimagining Resilient Sustainability: An Integrated Effort in Research, Practices and Education

SUB-THEMES

Promoting social responsibility in achieving sustainability.
Realising sustainability development in technology and industries.
Constructing education in meeting sustainable development goals.
Exploring political commitment for sustainable development.
Reshaping economic sustainability.

06

EVENT SCHEDULE

8.30 AM OPENING RITES
8.50 AM Chairman's greeting, doa recital
9.00 AM
WELCOMING SPEECH
10.00 AM
12.30 PM Y. Bhg. Prof. Dato' Dr. Mohammad Redzuan Othman
2.00 PM President & Vice Chancellor of Universiti Selangor
3.00 PM
OPENING REMARKS
4.30 PM
Datuk Seri Dr. Dzulkefly bin Ahmad
Member of Parliament, Kuala Selangor

MONTAGE DISPLAY

PARALLEL SESSION

Selected live presentations

BREAK

KEYNOTE SPEECH

Dr. James Wilton-Ely

Reader (Assoc. Professor) in Inorganic Chemistry,
Imperial College London, UK

FORUM

Panel 1
Dr. Thomas Weinberger, Managing Director of STIRtec, Austria

Panel 2
Prof. Madya Dr. Amir b. Shaharuddin, CEO of Yayasan Waqaf
Malaysia

Panel 3
Prof. Madya Dr. Amjad M. Hussain, Assoc. Professor, Faculty of
Divinity
Marmara University, Turkey

CLOSING SPEECH

Prof. Madya Dr. Maegala Nallapan Maniyam
Dean, Centre for Foundation and General Studies, Universiti
Selangor

BEST PAPER ANNOUNCEMENT

PHOTOGRAPHY SESSION

07

PARALLEL SESSION schedule

SELECTED LIVE PRESENTATIONS

16 NOV 2021 (120 min)
10.00 AM MYT - 12.00 PM MYT

Room 1
ST: Science & Technology
Moderator: Pn. Wan Hazwani

PAPER ID TITLE PRESENTER

ST013 Personal Zakat Calculator Mobile Application with Mr Ahmad Naufal bin Tun Thamanian
ST005 Statistical Analysis Record Dr. Mohd Jumain Jalil
ST024 Ts. Mohd Jaamia Qaadir b. Mohd Badrin
ST028 Modification of Kinetic Modelling for Production Ts. Noor Halini Baharim
ST031 Expoxidized Palm Oil Based on Derived Oleic Acid Mr. Mohd Syahril bin Mohd Zan

Evaluation of Chromsystems High Performance Liquid PRESENTER
Chromatography Kit for Total Homocysteine
Determination in Plasma Prof. Madya Dr. Haslinda Sutan Ahmad Nawi
Removal Efficiency of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Ts. Muhammad Fairuz bin Abd Rauf
Solution Using Low Temperature Banana Pseudo Stem Ts. Rasidah binti Sardi
Biochar
Phylogenetic Relationship Among Blackwater Fishes in
North Selangor Peat Swamp Forest Exploitation 16S
RRNA Gene

Room 2
IT: Information Technology & Communication
Moderator: Pn. Fariha Diyana

PAPER ID TITLE

IT037 Assessing Community Readiness for Electronic
Monitoring Device Towards Community Well-Being
IT022
Game Development Framework for Parkinson Disease
IT018 Patient Rehabilitation

E-Sign Language: An Approach for Communities to
Learn Malaysian Sign Language

IT013 Analyses on Avalanche Effect in Cryptography Ms. Kamsiah binti Mohamed
IT015 Algorithm

Blockchain Interoperability on Healthcare: A Systematic Maryam Gharib AlJabri
Review

08

Room 3
BM: Business & Management
Moderator: Ms. Izzaty Hanani

PAPER ID TITLE PRESENTER

BM031 The Effect of Knowledge, Altruism and Trust on Norhasbi bt. Abdul Samad
Behavioural Endowment Intention Among Private Higher
BM005 Education Alumni
BM016
BM033 Community-Based Homestay Activities: Sustainable or Dr. Kamisah Supian
BM037 Perishable Tourism? Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nor Azilah Husin

Individual Factor on Halal Cosmetics Usage Among
Millennials: Social Influence as Mediator

Paraphrasing the Meaning and Measurements for Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nor Ashikin Mohamed Yusof
Socio-Economic Objectives in the Context of Malaysia

Consumers' Perception of Agricultural Market Products Ida Farina Muhammad Yunus
in Selangor: A Preliminary Study

Room 4
ES: Education & Social Science
Moderator: Ms. Mirza Madihah

PAPER ID TITLE PRESENTER

ES006 Tertiary Students' Perceptions on Using 360-degree Muhammad Anwar bin Mohd Kamal
ES062 Videos to Enhance Speaking Skills Nurshahirah binti Azman
ES053 Shahrizat bin Said
Sustaining Academic Staff's Engagement Through
ES017 Leaders' Motivating Language Sofea Cheah binti Azlan
ES016 Sharifah Izwan Tuan Othman
Increasing Knowledge, Awareness and Attitudes about
Slow Fashion through Green Awareness and
Sustainability in Community (GASCO) Educational
Module

UNESCO Creative City of Gastronomy: Melaka's
Potential From Local Community Perspective

Impact of Online Teaching and Learning Towards
Mental Health Status of University Students

09

ABSTRACTS

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

ST: SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
ENZYMATIC DECOLOURIZATION OF CONGO RED AND METHYL RED BY MALAYSIAN

RHODOCOCCUS

Maegala Nallapan Maniyam,a, b Anupriya Sundarajoo,a Hazeeq Hazwan Azman,a, b Hasdianty Abdullah c
and Nor Suhaila Yaacob a,b

aInstitute of Bio-IT Selangor, Universiti Selangor, 40000 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
bCentre for Foundation and General Studies, Universiti Selangor, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.

cFaculty of Engineering and Life Science, Universiti Selangor, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The textile industry consumes a lot of water, of which about 90 % is released in the form of wastewater. Textile wastewater
contains dyes as the main pollutant. Dyes are not only toxic, but also affect the aesthetic value of wastewater due to the
presence of strong colours. Inadequate treatment of textile wastewater leads to serious environmental problems and
negatively impacts the aquatic organisms. Therefore, in the present study, the ability of Malaysian Rhodococcus strains to
decolourize azo dyes was evaluated through the activity of azo dye-decolourizing enzymes. The cell-free extract of
Rhodococcus strain UCC 0016 exhibited higher titre of intracellular azoreductase by 317 % and intracellular laccase by
273 % compared to the extracellular counterpart, respectively. It was interesting to discover the presence of azoreductase
and laccase constitutively and the production of these enzymes escalated when induced with Methyl red. When these
enzymes were subjected to the decolourization of 0.5 g/L Methyl red, 99 % Methyl red-decolourizing activity was observed
in the absence of mediators after an incubation period of 2 hours, making this method attractive in terms of cost.
Furthermore, crude enzyme from Rhodococcus strain UCC 0010 optimized at acidic condition was analysed using SDS-
PAGE which revealed the visualization of protein band at approximately 40 kDa, which is consistent with the properties
of laccase. Collectively, these discoveries provided the fundamental information to further advance the features of the crude
enzymes namely using the immobilization technology for viable application in the bioremediation of textile wastewater.
Keywords: Azo dyes, Azoreductase, Decolorization, Laccase, Rhodococcus

PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES FOR WHEELCHAIR USERS IN KUANTAN CITY AREA

Liyana Mohamed Yusofa, Wan Nurul Nabilah Wan Suhaimib, Noor Asiah Mohamadc & Nurhidayah Azmyd

a,b,c,d Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

ABSTRACT
In encouraging independent living and improving social participation of wheelchair users in Kuantan area, the aspect of
accessibility plays a significant role. The key criteria that can improve accessibility in urban area are; the provision of the pedestrian
facilities and; the applicability of the design that centered on the needs and anthropology of the users. The aim of the paper is to
investigate the current provision and discourse the appropriateness of the accessibility key criteria applied for wheelchair users in
Kuantan. Standards and guidelines were analysed in generating applicable design criteria for wheelchair users that acted as checklist
that structured the on-site access audit of the current provision and usability of the facilities in the case study area. Grounded on
considerable empirical findings, the paper concludes that accessibility for wheelchair users in Kuantan city is deficient and in need
of improvement on walkway, parking space, ramp, kerb ramp, handrail, drain cover and passing space. Recommendations
highlighted may feasibly act as benchmark for local authorities and industry in improving the accessibility and wellbeing of
wheelchair users in city area.
Keywords: accessibility, independent living, pedestrian facilities, universal design, wheelchair users.

ST: SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

EFFECT OF TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR- BETA ON EXCISION WOUND
HEALING PROCESS TREATED BY MIKANIA MICRANTHA EXTRACT CREAM.

Sarimah MN1; Muhamad Syazwan M1; Hamidah AB1; Maegala Mallapan Maniyam2,3

1Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomedical Science department, Universiti Selangor
2Institute of BioIT, Universiti Selangor

3 Centre of Foundation and General Studies, Universiti Selangor

ABSTRACT

Mikania micrantha has been historically used as the traditional medicine to treat wound. One of the important growth factors in
wound healing process is transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta). However, no study is available to explain further about the
effects of M. micrantha on wound healing, especially on gene expression. The objective of this study was to assess the TGF-beta
gene expression in wound healing process by M. micrantha. Sprague dawley rat wound model is used. Rats were induced with 2cm
diameter wound at the dorsal area. The sizes of wounds being treated twice (2.0 ml) daily with M. micrantha extract cream was
compared with negative control (untreated wound) and positive control (Solcoseryl jelly) for eight days. Rats were sacrificed to
obtain their skin sample. RNA was isolated from the skin sample and was processed for amplification with real time PCR to evaluate
TGF-beta gene expression during the treatment. The result of wound size evaluations shows significant difference throughout eight
days of treatment (p <0.05). The difference of wound healing processes between M. micrantha extract cream and control groups in
this study as p<0.05. Gene expression evaluation showed upregulation of TGF-beta gene in the first two days and downregulation
on the later days. It is concluded that TGF-beta gene expression is increased in wound healing process with M. micrantha. Through
this research finding, Mikania micrantha extract cream could accelerate wound healing and may serve a novel therapeutic to treat
cutaneous wounds

Keywords: Gene expression, TGF-beta, wound healing process, wound size, Mikania micrantha

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF MIKANIA MICRANTHA AGAINST
PROPIONIBACTERIUM ACNE AND STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

Sarimah MN1, Nur Syahira J1, Hamidah AB1, Maegala Mallapan Maniyam2,3, Rozila A2

1Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomedical Science department, Universiti Selangor
2Institute of BioIT, Universiti Selangor

3 Centre of Foundation and General Studies, Universiti Selangor

ABSTRACT

The increasing development of resistance rate to commonly used antibiotics has prompted many research works to discover novel,
more effective, and easily accessible drugs. M. micrantha is a medicinal herbal known as the world's worst invasive alien species
that has a natural therapeutic effect that inhibits certain bacteria species growth. Therefore, in this study, ethanolic extracts of
Mikania micrantha were used against Propionibacterium acne and Staphylococcus aureus. Disc diffusion method was conducted
to observe the formation of a clear zone on the agar medium that indicated the zone of inhibition of the extract towards the tested
bacteria. The result showed that there was statistical significance at the lower concentration of the extract which is 100 mg/ml and
200 mg/ml against S. aureus but not effective against P. acne. However, using the higher concentration of ethanolic extract, which
is 300 mg/ml, has produced a greater inhibition zone against both bacteria, S. aureus (12.67 ± 0.58) and P. acne (14.33 ± 2.08) at a
p-value < 0.05. This probably indicates that the highest concentration can inhibit the bacteria much better as it contains a high
number of useful phytochemicals such as flavonoids and phenolic compared to the lower concentration. A further study should
explore by using a different plant extraction method and a pure active compound from the plant extract to study the effectiveness
of M. micrantha against the other bacteria.

Keywords: Antimicrobial, disc diffusion method, herbal plant, Mikania micrantha, Propionibacterium acne and Staphylococcus
aureus

ST: SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
EPOXIDATION OF PALM FATTY ACIDS DISTILLATED BY IN SITU PERACID

MECHANISM

Danial Nuruddin Azlan Raofuddin1, Intan Suhada Azmi2, Mohd Jumain Jalil1

1Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Kampus Permatang Pauh, 13500
Permatang Pauh, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

2Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Johor, Kampus Pasir Gudang, 81750 Masai, Johor,
Malaysia

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

Epoxides have become more frequent in recent years as a chemical precursor for the synthesis of a number of substances, including
alcohols, glycols, alkanolamines, carbonyl compounds, olefinic compounds, and polymers including polyesters, polyurethanes, and
epoxy resin. The epoxidation of palm oil-based oleic acid was carried out using a peracid mechanism that produced performic acid
in situ. The best epoxidation conditions were found to be a reaction mole ratio of formic acid to palm fatty acids (1:1), an aqueous
hydrogen peroxide to oleic acid unsaturation mole ratio of (1:1), and a reaction temperature of 45 °C.

Keywords: -

IN VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF AQUEOS EXTRACT OF MEDICINAL PLANTS
AND HERBS AGAINST PATHOGENS AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE BACTERIA (ARB)

Norashikin Mohd Anuar1, Yusmi Mohd Yunus1 and *Rozila Alias2,3

1Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universiti Selangor, Jalan Zirkon 7A/A, Seksyen 7, 40000 Shah Alam, Selangor
Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.

3Institute of Bio-IT Selangor, Universiti Selangor, Jalan Zirkon A7/A, Seksyen 7, 40000 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan,
Malaysia.

3Centre for Foundation and General Studies, Jalan Timur Tambahan 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.

*Correspondent Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Nature provides an abundance of medicinal plants and herbs that serve as the primary source of traditional medicines that can be
used to treat a variety of ailments. Because of their effectiveness and lack of adverse effects when compared to contemporary
synthetic medications. Issues of bacterial resistance to antibiotics is a serious global problem. Currently new novel antimicrobials
and/or new approaches to combat the problems are urgently needed. The aim of this study is to determine the antimicrobial activity
of aqueous extract of five medicinal plants (Pandanus amaryllifolius, Murraya koenigii, Cymbopogon citratus, Cymbopogon
nardus, and Curcuma Longa) and five herbs (Piper nigrum (black pepper), Syzygium aromaticum (clove), Cinnamomum verum
(cinnamon), Coriandrum sativum (coriander), Elettaria cardamomum (cardamom)) against 16 pathogens including antibiotic
resistance bacteria (ARB). The samples were collected from home and purchased from wet market at Shah Alam. Determination
of antibacterial effects were assessed by using well diffusion method against pathogens. From the results, Cinnamomum verum has
the most range antibacterial activities against 9 pathogens, followed by Curcuma Longa (7), Murraya koeniqii (6) and Piper nigrum
(5). These results showed that Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium cultures were inhibited by six aqueous extracts,
meanwhile E. coli O157 were inhibited by 5 aqueous extracts. Aqueous extract of Cinnamomum verum is the highest have
antibacterial activities, then followed by Curcuma Longa, Murraya koenigii, Piper nigrum and Pandanus amaryllifolius against the
tested pathogens. The result shows that these herbs have more effectiveness its antibacterial activities and well known as a
therapeutic agent. This study could be further to explore its effectiveness against the multi-drug resistance bacteria in future.

Keywords: Medicinal plant, herbs, antibacterial, pathogens, antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB)

ST: SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
MODIFICATION OF KINETIC MODELLING FOR PRODUCTION OF EPOXIDIZED PALM

OIL BASED ON DERIVED OLEIC ACID

Mohamad Heiry Mohd Azmia, Muhammad Amir Syazwan Che Mamat Azmana, Hamzah Hafizuddin Habria, Danial Nuruddin
Azlan Raofuddina, Intan Suhada Azmib, Mohd Jumain Jalila*

aSchool of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Kampus
Permatang Pauh, 13500 Permatang Pauh, Pulau Pinang, MALAYSIA.

bSchool of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Johor, Kampus Pasir
Gudang, 81750 Masai, Johor, MALAYSIA.

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

Vegetable oil's fatty acid content will undergo epoxidation to form epoxide. The purpose of the epoxidation reaction was to convert
of the carbon-carbon double bond by removing unsaturated material from the oxirane oxygen ring using oxidizing agents, in order
to increase the oxidative stability of epoxide. Furthermore, kinetic studies can be carried out by developing a single-phase kinetic
model and using MATLAB simulation to find the value of the kinetic rate constant, k, for each process. This study focuses on the
comparison of experimental and simulation data derived from simulation findings. Based on the findings of this study, it is possible
to conclude that the kinetic model suggested for the epoxidation process of palm oil accurately describes the experimental data.

Keywords: -

BIODEGRADATION OF CHOLESTEROL BY SELECTED MALAYSIAN
RHODOCOCCUS SPP.

Hasdianty Abdullah1,2, Mohd Fadzli Ahmad1,2, Maegala Nallapan Maniyam2,3, Hazeeq Hazwan Azman3 and Nor Suhaila Yaacob2,3

1Faculty of Engineering & Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor, Jalan Timur Tambahan,

45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor

2Institute of Bio-IT Selangor, Universiti Selangor, Jalan Zirkon A7/A, Seksyen 7, 40000 Shah Alam, Selangor 3Center for Foundation &

General Studies, Universiti Selangor, Jalan Timur Tambahan,

45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor

E-mail : [email protected]

Abstract – Cholesterol is an unsaturated alcohol which belongs to the steroid family that is required for the regular function of all
animal cells and is a key component of their cell membranes. It's also a precursor for important compounds including adrenal and
gonadal steroid hormones, as well as bile acids. In human’s body, cholesterol acts as a nonpolar lipid molecule that is bundled in
the bloodstream as a lipid-protein complex called lipoprotein. For decades, high cholesterol level in blood serum has been associated
with many cardiovascular diseases. As known, cholesterol is produced naturally in the cell. The excessive amount of cholesterol in
the body normally comes from the daily diet that are rich in cholesterol. Cholesterol degradation by microorganisms has become a
great interest of research because it is considered as a more natural and environmental-friendly method in degrading cholesterol.
One of the most studied microorganism that is able to assimilate cholesterol is Rhodococcus. This study presents the first effort
made to evaluate the potential of Malaysian Rhodococcus spp. in cholesterol assimilation. Twenty-three Rhodococcus isolates was
screened for their activity in degrading cholesterol in the cholesterol selective agar. From the screening result, Rhodococcus ruber
strain UCC0021 was observed to demonstrate the highest activity in degrading cholesterol. Hence it was selected for further
examination to evaluate its potential in degrading cholesterol in an actual food sample. In this regards, chicken egg yolk was
selected as the food sample. Egg yolk is known to have high cholesterol content that has always been an inconvenience due to
concerns about the relationship between dietary cholesterol and atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk. In this experiment, 500 µL of
egg yolk was incubated in a media containing the bacterium for 72 hours and the cholesterol content was measured using GC-FID.
At the final hour of incubation, the cholesterol content was reduced from 62 mg/100g to 42 mg/100g (32 % of reduction). This
study has successfully showed the ability of Rhodococcus ruber strain UCC0021 in degrading cholesterol in the selective agar as
well as in egg yolk. This indicates the promising potential of this bacteria in cholesterol biodegradation.
Keywords : Egg yolk, cholesterol biodegradation, Rhodococcus spp.

ST: SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
A LITERATURE REVIEW ON CYBER SECURITY LANDSCAPE IN MALAYSIA DURING

MCO

Mohd Noor Rizal Arbaina, Norzita Duriata, Norhayati Mohd Amina, Azar Fatiha Mohd Luda, Rozila Aliasa, Nurul Ain Ismailb &
Azlinda Azizc

aCentre for Foundation and General Studies Universiti Selangor, 45600 Bestari
Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

bFaculty of Education and Social Sciences
Universiti Selangor, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia

[email protected]

cFaculty of Communication, Visual Art and Computing Universiti Selangor,
45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia [email protected]

ABSTRACT
World Health Organization (WHO) announced that the Covid-19 disease outbreak is pandemic following a sharp
increase in cases around the world including Malaysia, high mortality rates, rapid spread of Covid-19 infection and
economic losses. All sectors are struggling to maintain security and business continuity but unfortunately a cases of
cyber-attack significantly increases over the years of pandemic and its cause a negative impact on society and
business. Aim of the research is to investigate the factors to change the cyber landscape and cyber threats that occur
in Malaysia. Explained that the preventive measures planned by the Government to curb cybercrime and the impact
of Covid-19 on society in particular and the country in general, can be implemented. The method are using a search
of peer-reviewed Cyber Security literature and relevant literature of mass media. Literature review considers number
of academic articles published 2020. Finally identifying cyber security threats during the Covid-19 crisis that changed
the cyber security landscape in Malaysia.
Keywords: literature review, Cyber-attack, Cyber security, Covid-19, movement control order (MCO).

PERSONAL ZAKAT CALCULATOR MOBILE APPLICATION WITH STATISTICAL
ANALYSIS RECORD

Ahmad Naufala, Juanita Zainudinb, Shuhadah Othmanc & Farah Farzanad

a,d Faculty of Computing & Multimedia
Kolej Universiti Poly-Tech MARA, 56100 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

ABSTRACT
In this era of technological advancement, the usage rate of zakat calculator mobile applications is significantly
evolving. However, existing zakat calculator mobile applications are limited to the calculation of zakat only and lack
additional features to manage personal zakat payment record. The objective of this study is to develop an efficient
zakat calculator mobile application with a statistical analysis record. The application is able to manage personal zakat
information and generate a statistical analysis graph. The development method of this application uses Livecode
programming language with SQLite as the internal storage. This paper focuses on the development process of the
zakat calculator mobile application. The application tested using unit and user acceptance tests to evaluate and analyse
the functionalities and significant usage of the application. The findings found that the efficiencies of personal zakat
management are significantly improved. In addition, the application is promising and beneficial for all Muslims in
managing personal zakat records efficiently.

Keywords: zakat calculator, mobile application, statistical analysis, SQLite, Livecode.

ST: SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Effects Of Ph, Temperature, And Antibacterial Activity Of Silver Nanoparticles From
Polygonum Minus Extract On Green Synthesis

NADZIRAH ABU Samaha,B, SALINA Muhamadc & ABDUL LATIF Ibrahinb

a,Centre for Foundation and General Studies
Universiti Selangor, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia [email protected]

bInstitute of Bio-IT Selangor
Universiti Selangor, 40000 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia [email protected],

[email protected]
cFaculty of Engineering and Life Sciences
Universiti Selangor, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The development of successful green chemistry techniques for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles has become a major focus of
researchers in recent years in order to find an eco-friendly technique for the processing of well-characterized nanoparticles. Metal
nanoparticles are gradually becoming attractive in their synthesis and application. In this study, the green synthesis of silver
nanoparticles (AgNPs) from silver nitrate (AgNO3) using the extract of Polygonum minus leaves as a reducing agent differed in
pH and temperature. The biosynthesized Polygonum minus silver nanoparticles (Pm-AgNPs) were characterized using different
techniques, such as UV−visible spectroscopy, Field emission scanning microscopy (FESEM), Scanning electron microscope
(TEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The results showed an increase in the rate of formation of silver nanoparticles
with increasing temperature, and the absorbance increases monotonically indicate that the alkaline pH is more favorable for the
synthesis of AgNPs at pH equal to 8. The observation of FE-SEM showed the size of AgNPs was produced in the range of 15 nm
– 25 nm while TEM image shows a well-dispersed silver nanoparticles with roughly spherical shape and size ranging particle size
6 – 21 nm. The EDX analysis provided a strong signal in the synthesized nanoparticles at 3 keV from the silver atoms, which
verified that the AgNP synthesis was successful. The synthesized silver nanoparticles have antimicrobial properties which showed,
an inhibition zone for two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacteria. The Klebsiella pneumoniae has better result compared
Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis.
Keywords: silver nanoparticles, Polygonum minus, antimicrobial.

EZMEDZA: AN MHEALTH APP FOR ELDERLY PATIENT IN SUPPORTING
MEDICATION SELF-MANAGEMENT

Azaliza Zainala*, Nur Farhanum Abdul Azizb , Nahdatul Akma Ahmadc , Haslinda Sutan Ahmad Nawid &
Mohammad Ashri Abu Hassane

a,b,d Faculty of Communication, Visual Art and Computing
Universiti Selangor, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

cFaculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences
Universiti Teknologi MARA,35400 Tapah, Perak, Malaysia [email protected]

eFaculty of Social Science and Foundation
PICOMS International University College, 68100 Batu Caves, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Mobile health (mHealth) has the potential to revolutionize health care delivery in developing countries like Malaysia. Despite the
fact that the elderly makes up the majority of medication users, mobile medication management apps are frequently targeted towards
younger populations. The objective of the study was to design and develop the prototype of medication reminder application for
elderly people. This study implemented qualitative and interpretive approach that included interviews with 15 elderly participants
(aged 61 to 74 years old) and 3 healthcare professionals for information gathering and testing purposes. EZmedZA medication
reminder application is a free app for Android phone users, that helps the elderly keep track of and remember their medications in
a simple way. It will aid in the management of prescriptions, doses, and pill reminders. We believe that the proposed system is
feasible and provides an innovative solution to encourage medication self-management amongst elderly users. This apps will help
in contributing to society by driving healthcare industry growth and productivity. Mobile application developers should find the
developed mobile phone based medication reminder application for elderly is a useful and valuable example application, and it
should help them in developing other mobile apps for elderly in the future.
Keywords: Healthcare, Medication Reminder, Mobile Application, Older Adults, Smartphone.

ST: SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine Degradation Effect on pH, Microbial Community and
Functional Diversity of Peat Swamp Soil Through Metagenomic Approach

Muhammad Naim Hassan, Nor Suhaila Yaacob & Mohd Fadzli Ahmad

=

Faculty of Engineering and Life Science
University Selangor, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia [email protected],

[email protected], [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Composition and diversity of microbial community are affected by soil pH, however, the study of microbes under reserved peat
swamp forest is less common. Peat swam forest has been categories as one of high acidic forest soils among the most nutrient-poor
terrestrial environment. To have a more comprehensive understanding of the ecology and functional of these microbial community,
profiling of peat swamp soil microbial community and structure was conducted with Raja Musa Peat Swamp Forest Reserved
(RMFR) in Selangor for its pristine soil that refer to its stability of microbial community and soil compositions, while focusing on
pH response against the microbial community. This study was conducted by using Whole Genome Sequences analysis
complimented with Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) and full shortgun metagenomic. The focuses were to clarify whether the
pH variations that naturally occurs effected the soil microbial functional biodiversity and its composition. Details analysis from
MG-RAST has shown the results which bacteria has dominated the community with 98.7 percent abundance while eucaryota 0.64
percent and archaea 0.52 percent. In phylum level, four highest abundances recorded which Proteobacteria hits with 56.09 percent
abundances, Actinobacteria 19.45 percent, Acidobacteria 8.47 percent and firmicutes 6.01 percent. In genus level, five highest
abundances have been identified where Burkholderia has 13.61 percent abundances, Candidatus Solibacter 7.78 percent,
Streptomyces 5.76 percent, Conexibacter 4.8 percent and Clostridium 3.84 percent abundances. Amino acid metabolism analysis
has identified a high percentage of valine, leucine and isoleucine where Burkholderia has 16 percent, Candidatus solibacter 13
percent, Streptomyces 17 percent, Conexibacter 13 percent and Clostridium 8 percent. Therefore, the acidic peat swamp soil was
significantly enriched in sequences of bacteria. MG RAST analysis also highlight that acid tolerance are the characteristic for this
genus, thus, has given them a competitive advantage in acidic soils.
Keywords: metagenomics; peat swamp; physiochemical; microbial community

THE EFFECT OF CYTOKININSON INVITRO SHOOT INDUCTION OF EXPLANT IN BOTH
SOLID AND LIQUID CULTURE SYSTEMS TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY OF
SMILAXMYOSOTIFLORA

Hafawati Che Li1, Noor Asiah Hassan1, Aziah Mohd. Yusoff and Hazeeq Hazwan Azman1,2*

1Department of Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Life Science, Universiti Selangor, 45600 Bestari Jaya,
Selangor, Malaysia

[email protected], [email protected]
2Centre for Foundation and General Studies,

Universiti Selangor, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
*[email protected]

ABSTRACT
Smilax myosotiflora is a medicinal plant due to its aphrodisiac, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The demand for this forest
resource resulted in its limited supply due to over exploitation. In line with Goal 15 in Sustainable Development Goals, protecting
and promoting sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, the liquid culture micropropagation of S. myosotiflora should be explored
in order to reduce the cost of labour and the regeneration time associated with the established solid culture system. This study could
lead to a viable supply of this culture for large-scale planting and commercialisation. The objective is to compare which culture
system is suitable for shoots regeneration of S. myosotiflora with the presence of cytokinins. Nodal segments from a clean culture
were cultured in a liquid medium containing Murashige and Skoog (MS) supplemented with two different types of cytokinin;
6Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and kinetin (KIN), at 0, 1.0, 2.5 and 4.0 mg/l added into the medium respectively. After the 5th to 6th
week of culture, the length of the shoots was measured. The new shoots were transferred into a multiplication medium to determine
its multiplication rate. The result showed 2.5 mg/l of both BAP and KIN in solid media demonstrated the highest multiplication
rate of 1.4 and 1.2, respectively. Whilst, the highest multiplication rate in MS (liquid) of 1.2 and 1.1 is observed in 2.5 mg/l of BAP
and 1.0 mg/l of KIN, respectively. In conclusion, MS (solid) supplemented with 2.5 mg/l of BAP was the best cytokinin for shoot
induction of S. myosotiflora. Follow up studies should be focusing on the rooting stage and exploring the scaffold system in order
to increase the efficiency of the liquid system. All of these could lead to a large-scale propagation and ex situ conversation, both
being essential for a sustainable supply of Smilax species.

Keywords: Smilax myosotiflora, shoot induction, cytokinin, solid culture, liquid culture, ubi jaga

ST: SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

PREPARATION OF PROTOPLAST FROM GLOMERELLA CINGULATA

Norazah Mohammad Nawawia, Farah Diba Abu Bakarb, Zulkiflie Zamrodc and Roohaida Othman

aCentre for Foundation and General Studies
Universiti Selangor, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia [email protected]

bFaculty of Science and Technology
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, 43600 Bangi, Selangor [email protected], [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Sustainability is influenced by various aspects especially in the field of agriculture. Agricultural sustainability includes meeting the
food resource demands but among the disturbing factors is pathogen infestation. More innovative technologies are needed to
overcome with the sustainability of centralized agricultural systems developing technologies which not adversely impact the
environment. Environmental sustainability problems are driven by increased use of fertilizers, agricultural machinery, irrigation
water and pesticides. Thus, new approach that will integrate biological and ecological processes into food production, minimizes
the use of hazardous substances is needed. Agricultural sustainability demonstrates a focus on genotype enhancement through a
variety of modern biological approaches and an increased understanding of the benefits of ecological and agronomic natural
management, manipulation and design. Among the pathogens in agriculture is Glomerella cingulate, a plant pathogenic fungus that
cause anthracnose disease that infects a variety of plants. The fungus secretes cutinase, a degradative and hydrolytic enzyme that
degrade cutin in order to traverse the cuticular barrier of the infected plant. In order to do genetic manipulation and study the
regulatory for the production of this enzyme, protoplast is needed as a tool in genetics and molecular research and in transformation
of DNA. In this study, a protocol for isolation of protoplast from G. cingulata was established including the effects of mycelial
age, concentration of enzymes and duration of lytic digestion on the yield of protoplasts. The highest yield of protoplast (7.2x107
protoplasts/ml) was achieved from a 3-day mycelial culture which was treated with 10 mM dithiothreitol and incubated with 4
mg/ml lysing enzyme for 3 hours at 30˚C. The frequencies of regeneration of the isolated protoplast are at 0.4% to 0.6% on a
complete medium compared to 0.03% on Potato Dextrose Yeast Extract Agar. The usefulness of protoplast isolation is relevant for
various applications involving genetic manipulation.
Keywords:Plant pathogen, Glomerella cingulate, Protoplast, Agriculture, Sustainability.

SULFURIC ACID TREATED-MONTMORILLONITE AS CATALYST FOR
HYDROTHERMAL CONVERSION OF GLUCOSE TO LACTIC ACID: A

PRELIMINARY STUDY

Nur Fatin Izzati Che Sama, S. M. Shahrul Nizan Shikh Zaharia, Farah Wahida Haruna and Hazeeq Hazwan Azmanb

aIndustrial Chemical Technology Programme, Faculty of Science and Technology,
Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia [email protected], [email protected],

[email protected] bDepartment of Science Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences,
Universiti Selangor, Jalan Timur Tambahan, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor, [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Lactic acid (LA) finds application mainly as the monomer in the production of the bioplastic poly(lactic acid). A route for
synthesising LA is via a retro-aldol reaction of glucose catalysed by montmorillonite clay (MMT). MMT is used mainly because
of its relatively high cation exchange capacity, which in turn effects the number of Brønsted and Lewis acid sites available. In this
study, we aim to compare pristine-MMT (P-MMT) and H2SO4-treated-MMT (S-MMT) in term of physicochemical properties,
and catalytic conversion of D-glucose to lactic acid. To accomplish this, we first refluxed a mixture of P-MMT and 30wt% H2SO4
at 80 °C for 8 h. The catalysts were characterised by the following analyses: x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and x-ray
diffraction (XRD). Regarding the conversion of D-glucose to LA, we initially loaded a hydrothermal reactor (Teflon-lined, 25 mL
and 3 MPa) with the following substances: the catalyst (P-MMT or S-MMT, 0.1 g), Dglucose (0.1 g) and water (15 mL). The
reactor was subsequently heated at 170 °C for 7 h. Finally, the product LA was quantified by an acid-base neutralisation reaction.
From the study, we observed that the use of S-MMT yielded ca. 68% of LA, around 9% higher than that generated by P-MMT. A
plausible explanation to this observation may be that the H2SO4-treatment slightly enhanced the number of Brønsted and Lewis
acid sites in MMT, as suggested by XRF and XRD analyses. Overall, further studies are required to optimise the production of LA.
This will enhance the viability of commercialised bioplastic from sustainable resources, in line with goal 9 and 15 of Sustainable
Development Goals (SDG) to promote sustainable industrialization.

Keywords: Glucose, hydrothermal, montmorillonite, lactic acid

ST: SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
READINESS FACTORS TOWARDS IR 4.0 USING COLLABORATIVE ROBOT

(COBOT) DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Nur Nabilah Noorahim, Yuzi Mahmud and Nor Hapiza Mohd Ariffin

Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

ABSTRACT
Small-to-Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and manufacturing industries need to be persistently competitive in the world requirement
to sustain their businesses during the Covid-19 Pandemic. The readiness factors (RFs) are required for the successful transition
towards the Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0) phase and implementation of Collaborative Robot (Cobot) in SMEs and the
manufacturing industry. However, SMEs and manufacturers lack the driving force towards the transition approaches of IR 4.0
which contributes to a low acceptance rate over modernizing infrastructure by using CoBot technology. Moreover, SMEs and
manufacturers also have an unclear understanding of IR 4.0 and difficulties in identifying suitable technology to enhance their
operational productivity. Therefore, this research aims to identify issues and challenges that influence the readiness factors of the
IR 4.0 transition to implement CoBot technology in SMEs and manufacturing industries. This paper uses narrative literature review
analysis to establish RFs of IR 4.0 phase and implementing CoBot in SMEs and manufacturing industries during the Covid-19
pandemic. The readiness factors are established by searching strategy using keywords to identify the issues and challenges in
implementing IR 4.0 using CoBot through citing and listing from 21 researched references and published papers. The result showed
human capital, economics, technology, management, internal and external factors are crucially attributed to readiness factors
throughout the Industrial Revolution 4.0 phase transformation and implementing CoBot technology. Therefore, identifying the
readiness factors for successful implementation of CoBot through IR 4.0 transformation can help SMEs and manufacturers as their
initial preparation on the technology acceptance by undertaking an end-to-end business perspective in SMEs and manufacturing
industry to future proof their businesses during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Keywords: Collaborative Robot, Industrial Revolution 4.0, manufacturing industries, Readiness Factors, SMEs

DESIGN OF A BNCT FACILITY AT MALAYSIAN NUCLEAR AGENCY WITH MCNP
CODE

Mohd Rafi Mohd Solleh, Mohd Zaini Ya’cob, Yusman Istihat, Rahmad Mohd Taib

1,2,3,4Fakulti Sains dan Bioteknologi, Universiti Selangor, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.

ABSTRACT
The objective of this research is to optimally design an arrangement for BNCT facility at a beam line through the thermal column
of Malaysian TRIGA MARK II Reactor. There is no similar research had been done at this thermal column and all TRIGA reactors
have different characteristics. The characteristics of the neutron beam needed are thermal neutron with a flux of 109 cm-2s-1.
Collimator, moderator and shielding components (room) with reactor core and thermal column were simulated with Monte Carlo
N-Particle Transport Code version 5 (MCNP5). Facility design was made with CATIA software.

Keywords: Boron, Neutron, Thermal column, Reactor, Collimator, Moderator, Shielding, Photon.

ST: SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

STUDY THE EFFECTS OF METAL ION MORDANT ON COTTON, LYCRA AND
CREPE FABRICS DYEING WITH COCONUT HUSK AS A NATURAL DYE

M.H. Rodiaha, H. Noor Asiaha, I. Nurhafizaha, M.N. Norakmaa, & I. Norazlinaa

aDepartment of Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor, Bestari Jaya Campus,
Jalan Timur Tambahan, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Natural dye from Cocos nucifera husk powder was extracted separately with 0.8 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and 0.8M sodium
carbonate (Na₂CO₃) solution. Extracted dyes were used to dye three types of fabrics (cotton, crepe and lycra) in presence of
aluminium potassium sulphate and copper sulphate as mordants using meta-mordanting technique. Among all fabrics used, crepe
fabric showed a better hue than the other two fabrics. Crepe fabric dyed without mordant was lighter in hue than metal ion mordanted
crepe dyed fabrics. The crepe fabrics dyed in presence of aluminium potassium sulphate as mordant are of a deeper hue than those
crepe dyed with copper sulphate as mordant. Lightness (L*) of crepe fabric dyed with 6% aluminium potassium sulphate is 55.5 %
higher than that without mordant. Based on observation, crepe fabric dyed with 4% and 6% of copper sulphate did not show a better
hue as the copper sulphate had reacted with the sodium carbonate dye. Half of crepe fabric’s surface turned to blackish colour as
the results of the reaction. Wash fastness properties of crepe fabrics dyed with 0.8 M NaOH dye and 0.8M Na₂CO₃ dye using 6%
of aluminium potassium sulphate as mordant ranged from poor (2) to good (4) and poor (2) to fair (3), respectively.

Keywords: Coconut, colour, dyeability, natural colorant and shade

PERFORMANCE OF CHROMSYSTEMS HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID
CHROMATOGRAPHY KIT FOR TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE DETERMINATION IN PLASMA

Muhammad Rezwan Rahmana, Mohd Jaamia Qaadir Mohd Badrinb, Sofwatul Mukhtaroh Nasohahc, & Izreen Supa’atd

a,b,dFaculty of Health Sciences
Universiti Selangor, 40000 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Institute for Medical Research
Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Homocysteine is an amino acid produced by chemical reactions involving adenosine. Elevated levels of homocysteine have been
associated with the development of cardiovascular, renal and neurological diseases. It is also an important biomarker monitored in
the management of genetic diseases such as the Inborn Disorders of Metabolism which causes defect in the metabolism of
homocysteine. The Chromsystems High Performance Liquid Chromatography Kit allows the plasma sample to be quantified by
high performance liquid chromatography at high precision. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of this kit in
terms of precision, accuracy, linearity, quantitation limit and reference range with reference to Clinical and Laboratory Standard
Institute guidelines. The accuracy of the kit was evaluated by using plasma reference samples from European Research Network
for evaluation and improvement of screening, diagnosis and treatment of Inherited Disorders of Metabolism, homocysteine spiked
samples, homocysteine standard solution and 20 plasma samples from healthy individuals. The coefficient of variations (CVs) for
the intra-assay and inter-assay precision were ≤1.68% and ≤2.83% respectively. Accuracy by bias and recovery were within -4.51
- 7.57% and 96 - 103%, respectively. A linear behaviour showed a good correlation in a range of 1 – 400 µmol/L with regression
equation, Y = -0.0269 + 0.9983X and r2 = 0.99. Total errors of homocysteine standards were ≤ 12.76%, less than allowable total
error which is ≤ 15.48%. The limit of quantitation was successfully verified at 0.4 µmol/L. The 20 healthy individuals studied had
normal homocysteine levels that lied within the reference range of ≤ 15 µmol/L. The kit test is valid for homocysteine analysis as
it met the requirement for method verification. The reliability of the Chromsystems High Performance Liquid Chromatography Kit
for Total Homocysteine coupled with a fluorescence detector was verified to be fit for intended purposes.
Keywords: Chromsystems, Evaluation, Homocysteine, HPLC, Plasma

ST: SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
PREDICTING THE CRACK LOCATION AND CRACK DEPTH OF STEEL RAIL DUE TO

VIBRATION USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS(ANN)

Aidie Zeid Muhammad Abdullah1, Mohd Arif Mat Norman1,

ac Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences,
Universiti Selangor, 45600, Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia [email protected], [email protected]

ABSTRACT
The paper aims to predict the crack location and depth in a rail track panel under clamp boundary conditions using Artificial Neural
Networks (ANN). In this study, the model rail track was used based on 60E1(European standard EN 13674-1) and has been model
as a solid structural using CATIA software. The free vibrations analysis of the rail track with the various crack models had
performed using MODAL analysis in ANSYS software. It can be observed that the modes shape of vibrations had different values
with the various crack model. The results obtained had used as data for train, validation, and test for the ANN model. The model
of ANN for predicting the crack of rail track had use Cascade-forward Back Propagation (CFBP). The validity of the ANN model
was by the determination coefficient of regression analysis (R2). It was found that the R2 (R: coefficient of determination) values
are 0.998 for train and test data, respectively. The predicted results by ANN were compared with the simulation results from
ANSYS to evaluate the performance of the ANN model in predicting the crack lengths dan locations. It can be observed that the
predicted results were in excellent agreement with the results of the finite element analysis (FEA). In general, this study is beneficial
and adds significant knowledge to the understanding of predicting the location and depth of crack using the ANN model.
Keywords: Crack detections, Finite Element Analysis, ANN, Railway.

SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC INFLUENCE AND SAFE BEHAVIOR IN AN AIRCRAFT
MANUFACTURING COMPANY

Haikal Shafari a, Nor Aslina Abd Jalil a, Mohammad Adam Adman b

a Cluster of Applied Sciences
Open University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia [email protected] ,

[email protected]

b Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology
Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang, Malaysia [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Workers in the aircraft manufacturing industry are exposed to a higher risk of increasing accidents due to unsafe behavior at the
workplace. This paper aims to determine the sociodemographic influence of safe behavior among workers. A total of 48
respondents participated in a survey conducted at an aircraft manufacturing company in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. The study
highlights that majority of the respondents had tertiary qualifications (62.5%) and have been working at the company for more
than three years (68.1%). This study also found that most respondents agree that safety at their workplace is appropriately in place.
Therefore, the education and working experience of the workers may raise safe behavior at the workplace. Good safety
management in an organization is also essential to motivate workers to work safely.
Keywords: Safety behavior, Safety management, Aircraft, Workers, Education.

ST: SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
THE POTENTIAL OF A SUSTAINABLE POLYLACTIC ACID (PLA) PRODUCTION VIA

MICROWAVE TREATMENT

Baarathyee Manogaran1*, Mohammad Syawal Mohammad Collin1, Hasdianty Abdullah1, Marini
Ibrahim1, Nor Suhaila Yaacob2, Maegala Nallapan Maniyam2, SM Shahrul Nizan Shikh Zahari3,

Hazeeq Hazwan Azman1,2

1Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
2Centre for Foundation and General Studies, Universiti Selangor, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
3Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan

*Corresponding Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Polylactic acid (PLA) as a bioplastic material has been extensively applied in various industries including packaging,
textile and biomedical industry due to their desired physical, chemical and biological characteristics. This polymer is
also used as filaments in 3D printing and as nanocomposites. Despite the various application of PLA being explored
in the industry, there is the demand for a higher yield, better efficiency, sustainable and economical process in PLA
production. Thus, this preliminary study is investigating the potential of PLA production via microwave treatment.
The work involves experimental study of the conversion of glucose to lactic acid (LA) followed by a systemic review
on the production of PLA from LA. With time as the independent variable, the highest yield of LA was observed after
40 minutes of microwave treatment at 180°C as indicated by benedict test and pH measurements. Based on the review,
it is suggested that the bicatalyst has a potential to increase the yield of PLA production from LA. Activated charcoal
(AC) and tungsten phosphoric acid (TGA) were proposed as the recyclable bicatalyst due to their role as an effective
adsorption and catalyst esterification respectively. Overall, the present study demonstrated that the simultaneous
conversion of glucose to PLA via microwave treatment offers a great potential towards a sustainable and economically
viable production of PLA polymers. A thorough study is required to optimize this process and future study should be
focusing on scaling up the system. A sustainable production of PLA would be able to drive the demand of this polymer
in the industry while supporting Sustainable Development Goal 12 towards responsible consumption and production.

Keywords: lactic acid, polylactic acid, microwave treatment, bicatalyst system

REMOVAL EFFICIENCY OF METHYLENE BLUE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING
LOW TEMPERATURE BANANA PSEUDO STEM BIOCHAR

Noor Halini Baharima), Fridelina Sjahrirb), Rahmad Mohd Taibc), Norazlina Idrisd) and Tuan Azmar Tuan Daude)

Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor, Jalan Timur Tambahan, 45600 Selangor, Malaysia

a) Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract. Treatment of pollutants in water through bioremediation technique becomes a great interest as it is
environmentally friendly, low cost and highly efficient. The removal efficiency of methylene blue from aqueous using low
temperature (300 °C) banana pseudo stem biochar as adsorbent was studied. Batch adsorption experiments were carried
out to determine the effect of pH (3-9), adsorbent dosage (0.05 – 0.30 g) and contact time (10 – 120 min). The removal
efficiency of methylene blue and adsorption capacity of banana pseudo stem biochar were calculated using the methylene
blue concentration measured with UV-VIS Spectrophotometer. The results showed that optimum adsorption occurred at
99% of methylene blue removal efficiency with optimum pH solution of 7, the adsorbent dosage was 0.25 g and 90 min of
contact time. The adsorption isotherms were well described by both Langmuir and Freundlich models, nevertheless the
experimental data were better fit with Freundlich model. The adsorption kinetic analysis showed the data complied well
with the pseudo-second order model indicating for the chemisorption mechanism. It is concluded that banana pseudo stem
biochar shows a good potential as an effective adsorbent for methylene blue dye removal from aqueous solution.

Keywords: banana pseudo stem, biochar, low temperature, methylene blue.

ST: SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES EFFICIENCY TOWARDS
ENERGY SAVING

Yeow Seuk Feia & Mohamed Faisal B Abdul Wadutha

Department of Engineering,
Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences
Universiti Selangor, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia [email protected] ,

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

Electrical energy is an essential need in providing a conducive learning environment for a university. However, the high operational
cost in Universiti Selangor (Unisel) has been a major concern to the university’s management where electricity bill being one of
the contributing factors. This study focuses on minimalizing energy consumptions through efficiency of electrical appliances,
luminosity, and selection of proper horsepower of air conditioning system. This study was conducted in two phases. The initial
phase involves modification of LR01 where 16 units of 40W rated fluorescent lamp being replaced with 16 units of 18W rated
LED lamp to observe the effect of efficiency based on lamp’s power rating towards energy saving. A kWh meter was also installed
to validate results from theoretical calculation and meter reading after modification of LR01. Next, a study on luminosity was
carried out and through theoretical calculation, a modification in LR01 on numbers of lamp to be installed were proposed. Analysis
on effect of the proposed modification were done theoretically to project the total of energy consumptions and amount of savings
obtained. A study on cooling effect and the horsepower of air conditioner needed for LR01 was done which leads to the proposed
modification on reducing units of air conditioner in LR01. Finding shows that with proposed modification that considers factors
of efficiency, luminosity and proper horsepower and units of air conditioner, significant value of energy consumption could be
saved in a period of 14 weeks (one long semester academic session. A real-time monitoring and control mechanism via Internet of
Things (IoT) should be considered in future study for forthcoming improvement towards a smart and effective energy saving
classroom in UNISEL.
Keyword: -

PRODUCTION OF POLYCLONAL ANTIBODIES SPECIFIC TO RIVER CATFISH
Hemibagrus nemurus VITELLOGENIN

Roshani Othmana, Sharr Azni Harmina, Siti Hasmah Mohtara, Moohamad Ropaning Sulonga, Mohd Syahril Mohd Zanb
and Zarirah Mohd Sulperic

aFaculty of Engineering and Life Sciences Universiti Selangor, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected],
bFaculty of Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi MARA, Negeri Sembilan Branch, Kuala Pilah Campus, 72000 Kuala Pilah,

Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia [email protected]
cFaculty of Agriculture Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang Selangor, Malaysia [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Vitellogenin (Vtg) has proven to be a simple biomarker for determining reproductive status in female fish and assessing endocrine
disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in male fish. Due to the complexity of Vtg molecules, a variety of polyclonal antibodies (PAbs) have
been developed for Vtg bioassays in various fish species. The aims of this study are to produce and characterize polyclonal
antibodies specific to the river catfish, Hemibagrus nemurus, in order to develop a reproductive assay. River catfish Vtg was
purified and partially characterized from the plasma of 17-estradiol (E2)-induced male fish using two-step chromatographic, water
precipitation, and ion exchange chromatography (IEX) methods. The purity of the river catfish revealed a high amount of 170 kDa
and 120 kDa by SDS-PAGE, which was confirmed to be Vtg by Western blotting. Rabbits were then immunized to generate PAbs
against the river catfish Vtg. Antibody serum samples were precipitated with saturated ammonium sulphate before being
centrifuged, dialyzed, and eluted using affinity chromatography. The collected PAbs were characterized, and a competitive ELISA
was developed to quantify plasma Vtg. The sensitivity of the Vtg assay was 2.35 ng/mL, with a maximum of 92.5% antibody
binding, corresponding to 31.2 ng/mL Vtg. The assay also has good intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation, which are
6.4 and 12.5%, respectively. Serial dilutions of plasma from female vitellogenic and estradiol-treated males show a high degree of
similarity to standard H. nemurus Vtg. The findings indicate that PAbs enable specific Vtg recognition in blood plasma, making
them more suitable for rapid and sensitive reproductive assay screening.

Keywords: vitellogenin, polyclonal antibody, Hemibagrus nemurus, river catfish.

ST: SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIP AMONG BLACKWATER FISHES IN
NORTH SELANGOR PEAT SWAMP FOREST EXPLOITATION 16S rRNA GENE

Mohd Syahril Mohd Zana, Roshani Othmanb, Nur Akmal Sulimanb, Norhisyam Mat Soutc,
Izzuddin Sazalib and Sharr Azni Harminb

aFaculty of Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi MARA, Negeri Sembilan Branch, Kuala Pilah Campus, 72000 Kuala Pilah,
Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia [email protected]

bFaculty of Engineering and Life Sciences Universiti Selangor, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

cCentre for Foundation and General Studies Universiti Selangor, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
[email protected]

ABSTRACT
Blackwater fish are native to Asian waters, the genetic diversity of which is unknown to the rest of the world. Despite the fact that
their scientific names are generally the same, the taxonomy of many blackwater fishes remains a mystery due to differences in
physical features depending on place of origin. The majority of species are difficult to recognize and discriminate among due to a
lack of well-defined characteristics for each species, ambiguous taxonomic categorization, and poorly resolved taxonomy. The 16S
rRNA gene was used as a molecular marker for species identification and phylogenetic relationships between Blackwater fish from
the North Selangor Peat Swamp Forest (NSPSF) and several species from the NCBI database. A total of 115 blackwater fish
samples were collected from the NSPF. Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis X (MEGA-X) was used to check all samples
for sequence discrepancies. The Neighbour-Joining (NJ) technique was used to calculate the tree's branch lengths using the Tajima
Nei model and Kimura 2-parameter model, then the Maximum Parsimony (MP) method to determine character change using the
tree length. The phylogenetic tree analysis using the NJ and MP methods reveals that the NSPSF blackwater fish species are similar
to various blackwater fish in the NCBI database, with a genetic distance of 0.15% and 15%, respectively, indicating high variability.
The base composition revealed that the 16S rRNA gene is still a conserved region, with a value of 44.04%. Therefore, the study
demonstrates that the 16S rRNA gene is well-suited for species identification research. The findings of this study can help to
understand the genetic relationships of several blackwater fish species from North Selangor Peat Swamp Selangor, as well as
contribute to species conservation efforts.
Keywords: blackwater fish, peat swamp forest, 16S rRNA, phylogenetic

POTENTIAL OF Rhodococcus pyridinovoran STRAIN UCC0018 AS THE PLASTIC WASTE
DEGRADATION AGENT FOR GREEN TECHNOLOGY

Hasdianty Abdullah1,2, Nor Suhaila Yaacob2,3, Mohd Fadzli Ahmad2 Maegala Nallapan Maniyam2,3, Hazeeq Hazwan Azman3
and Nurul Shafiqah Othman2

1Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor, Jalan Timur Tambahan, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor
2Institute of Bio-IT Selangor, Jalan Zirkon A7/A, Seksyen 7, 40000 Shah Alam, Selangor

3Centre for Foundation and General Studies, Universiti Selangor, Jalan Timur Tambahan, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor

[email protected]

ABSTRACT
As widely known, plastic has become an integral element of human culture. Despite posing a serious environmental hazard, plastic
continuously used in a variety of domains ranging from industries to agriculture to our daily lives due to its lightness, sturdiness,
inertness, and low cost. Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) is the thermoplastic that are commonly used to manufacture plastics
bags and other plastic products. However, the excessive use of LDPE has caused a major environmental problem when they are
accumulated in the environment. Currently, the physical and chemical methods of plastic degradation was proved to be inefficient
and posed other environmental issues. As a result, eco-friendly methods like microbial plastic decomposition are being pursued as
a better solution. This paper reports the potential ability of a Malaysian Rhodococci isolate obtained from Unisel Culture Collection
(UCC), the Rhodococcus pyridinovoran strain UCC0018 in LDPE biodegradation. The bacterium was cultured in nutrient broth
supplemented with LDPE fine strips to evaluate the degradation of LDPE by weight reduction test. Results obtained demonstrated
degradation activity where it reduced the weight of LDPE strips up to 5.2% after 24 hours of incubation. This result indicated the
promising potential of Malaysian Rhodococcus in degrading LDPE. Based on this discovery, the initiative intends to cultivate the
bacteria in large quantities, optimize the degradation activity, and work with the industry to turn the bacteria into a product that can
be utilized to address Malaysia's plastic waste problem.

Keywords: Rhodococcus, plastic biodegradation, Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE)

ST: SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

ANALYSIS OF COVID-19 INCIDENCE AND POPULATION DENSITY IN IDENTIFYING
COVID-19 HOTSPOT AREAS IN SABAH, MALAYSIA

1, Nazliah Ali2 and Farrah Anis Fazliatul Adnan*2 Siti Rahayu Mohd Hashim

1Mathematics with Economics Programme, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah,
Sabah, Malaysia [email protected]

2Environmental Science Programme, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Sabah,
Malaysia

[email protected], [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Malaysia recorded its first COVID-19 incidence in January 2020 and since then the pandemic has spread throughout
all the states and federal territories in Malaysia. Even though Sabah, one of the states of East Malaysia, only recorded
the first positive case of COVID-19 on 12th March 2020 which occurred during the second wave of the Malaysia
outbreaks, the state’s COVID-19 incidence is considered among the highest in the country. Since Sabah is the second
largest state in Malaysia and is surrounded by the South China, Sulu and Celebes seas, with a total land area of
approximately 73,904 km2 that comprises 27 districts and a population of about 4 million, the tasks and obstacles
faced by the authorities in monitoring and preventing the spread of COVID-19 are considered very challenging.
Therefore, this study aims to determine the rank of the districts throughout Sabah based on COVID-19 incidence and
population density. The data was collected from March 2020 to March 2021. Stem and leaf plot was used to group the
districts based on COVID-19 incidence and each districts were ranked based on incidence rates. The strength of the
two ranking methods were compared and discussed. Finally, a map of COVID-19 incidence hotspots for Sabah is
produced using ArcGIS. Five districts, namely Putatan, Tuaran, Lahad Datu, Kota Kinabalu and Penampang were
identified as the main hotspots for COVID-19 incidence rates in Sabah. Whilst, Tongod, Beluran Tenom, Ranau and
Kinabatangan districts have the lowest incidence rates. This study reveals that there is spatial variability in COVID-
19 incidence across the districts in Sabah, which could be attributed to the differences in population density. A simple
and practical categorisation method is necessary in order to provide input to relevant government bodies and agencies
in administering important resources to curb the COVID19 spread particularly in hotspot districts.

Keywords: COVID-19, Population Density, Stem and Leaf plot, Hotspot area, GIS

EVALUATION OF URINARY TRACT INFECTION AMONG NEONATES AND CHILDREN
USING UFEME AND URINE CULTURE

Daisy Diana Jimmy1, 2, Hamidah Abu Bakar1

aHealth Science Department, Faculty of Engineering and Life Sciences, Universiti Selangor (UNISEL), Shah Alam Campus,
Jalan Zirkon A7/A, Section 7, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. [email protected]

b Pathology Department, Hospital Simunjan, Jalan Gunong Ngeli, Simunjan, Sarawak, Malaysia. [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a common cause of serious bacterial illness among infants and children. The present study
evaluated urinary tract infection among neonates and children admitted to Hospital Simunjan, Sarawak using UFEME and urine
culture. Urinalysis testing was conducted using Urisys 1100 analyzer and Roche urine dipsticks consist of pads for the
determination of pH of urine, nitrites, blood, leukocytes, glucose, protein, and ketone levels. Using a microscope, the urine was
observed for elements such as pus cells, red blood cells, white blood cells, epithelial cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. Urine samples
were cultured on Cysteine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient agar (CLED), blood agar, and MacConkey agar plates to isolate and
identify clinically significant microorganisms present in urine causing UTI. Of 145 total cultures, 95 samples were cultured positive
for growth. 70% of the cultures contain mixed pathogens, 20% were positive for uropathogen E.coli, 4% Klebsiella spp, 3%
Proteus Spp and 1% Staphylococcus aureus. There was no significant difference using UFEME and culture to evaluate UTI
suspected in the present study (P>0.05). In conclusion, both UFEME and urine culture are important methods for the diagnosis of
UTI. UFEME is a rapid test aids in the early detection of infection and urine culture acts as a gold standard method, which can
distinguish between positive or negative growth culture, thus confirming the uropathogens infection. The present data can be used
as a reference and guideline to manage UTI cases and consequently, provides rapid and effective treatment for pediatric UTI.
Keywords: UTI, uropathogen, UFEME, urine culture, E. coli

ST: SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OVERALL THERMAL TRANSFER VALUE (OTTV) AND
COOLING LOAD FOR NON-RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL BUILDING IN MALAYSIA

Narendran Ramasenderan, Darveen Manokaran

Department of Mechanical Engineering
Nilai Universiti,

Persiaran Universiti, Putra Nilai, 1, Persiaran Kolej Bbn,
71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia [email protected],[email protected]

ABSTRACT
Climate change mitigation has become a prevalent topic for engineering practitioner in line with the turbulent change in our
weather patterns and cognizant of the United Nations Sustainable development goals, which lays the foundation to a host of
initiatives to resolve and manage these climate instabilities. As such, the need to address the energy efficiency and sustainable
urban energy consumption remains as one of the most challenging issues to overcome. High thermal loads and in efficient indoor
cooling strategies contribute to the greenhouse effect especially in cities. In this research we analyse the overall thermal transfer
value, of non-residential buildings towards minimizing their cooling needs. Moreover, the overall thermal transfer as the building
envelope can be optimized to diminish the energy consumption for cooling, without sacrificing the occupants comfort. An
investigation on the relationships and correlation between various externalities will be undertaken towards improving the reducing
the energy footprint whilst maximizing indoor comfort. We will showcase the nexus of interdependency between these externalities
and the optimal strategy to reduce the cooling need, and inadvertently cut the energy consumption of the building.

Keywords: energy, overall thermal transfer value, cooling load, commercial building

PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF BLACKWATER FISHES IN PEAT SWAMP FOREST USING
CYTOCHROME B GENE

Norhisyam Mat Souta, Roshani Othmanb, Nur Akmal Sulimanb, Deevamalar Murgayab, Sharr Azni
Harminb and Mohd Syahril Mohd Zanc

aCentre for Foundation and General Studies Universiti Selangor, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
[email protected]

bFaculty of Engineering and Life Sciences Universiti Selangor, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
cFaculty of Applied Sciences Universiti Teknologi MARA, Negeri Sembilan Branch, Kuala Pilah Campus, 72000 Kuala Pilah,

Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia [email protected]

ABSTRACT
The blackwater fishes are frequently difficult to identify and differentiate within species due to the lack of well-defined characters
for each species. The aim of this study is to use the cytochrome b (cyt b) gene to evaluate phylogenetic analysis on blackwater
fishes in a peat swamp forest. A total of 23 blackwater fish were collected from Raja Musa Peat Swamp Forest in Bestari Jaya,
Selangor. From the total number of individuals examined for the cyt b gene, eight species were identified, Helostoma temminkii,
Hemibagrus capitulum, Mystus singaringan, Leiocassis poecilopterus, Leiocassis poecilopterus, Clarias meladerma, Clarias sp.
and Belontia hasselti, with a range of similarity of 91.47 % to 99.64% in the NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information)
database. This study also shows that the cyt b gene is still a conserved region and allows for molecular species identification. The
genetic variation among blackwater fish species was determined by generating genetic distance with Molecular Evolutionary
Genetics Analysis X. (MEGA-X). The finding revealed that the nearest species is between Clarias sp and Clarias meladerma
(5.2%) due to similar family and the highest genetic distance (23.9%) between Helostoma temminkii and Clarias sp due to distinct
morphological characteristics. Based on the phylogenetic tree, two distinct clades were formed from the tree, with Myotis sp. acting
as the basal of the tree, proving that this species is not a blackwater fish. This study concludes that the cyt b gene is suitable for
molecular identification of blackwater fish species.

Keywords: blackwater fish, peat swamp forest, cytochrome b, phylogenetic

ST: SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

OCCURRENCE OF CAMPYLOBACTER SPP. IN MALAYSIAN
JUNGLE FOWL AND VILLAGE CHICKENS

Hazeeq Azmana, Saleha Abd Azizb & Abdul Latif Ibrahimc

aCentre for Foundation and General Studies
Universiti Selangor, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia

[email protected]

bFaculty of Veterinary Medicine
Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

[email protected]

cInstitute of BioIT,
Universiti Selangor, 40000 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

Campylobacteriosis is a common zoonotic foodborne human gastroenteritis caused by Campylobacter spp. As the largest
livestock market in Malaysia, poultry is also an important contributor of Campylobacter infections. Thus, this study is very
important to assess the occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in jungle fowl and village chickens in Malaysia since both
chickens are also consumed by the locals. In present study, 50 samples from village chickens and four samples from jungle
fowls were collected by mean of sterilized cotton cloacal swabs. 22 out of 50 (44%) samples of village chickens and 2 out
of 4 (50%) samples of jungle fowls were isolated with Campylobacter spp with biochemical test identified them as either
Campylobacter jejuni or Campylobacter coli. There is a concern over the public health since there is a high prevalence in
village chicken and jungle fowl. The research is mainly to increase public awareness since jungle fowl and village chicken
are associated with human population. They are not just found in uninhabited rural areas but also frequently found in
villages especially those that are close to the jungle. The emergence of Campylobacter in village chickens could put the
inhabitants of a particular village at a high risk due to the possibility of transmission or spread of infection. The isolation
of this bacteria from both birds could lead to further understanding of the ecology of Campylobacter spp. in poultry whilst
providing insight towards the potential development of vaccine and probiotics to control campylobacteriosis. Such action
could benefit the poultry market and food security in line with goal 2 towards zero hunger and goal 12, the responsible
consumption and production, in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG).

Keywords: Campylobacter, jungle fowl, village chickens, prevalence, campylobacteriosis.

ABSTRACTS

EDUCATION & SOCIAL SCIENCES

ES: EDUCATION & SOCIAL SCIENCES

GAMIFICATION IN EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Y S Rao1, R W M Mee1,*, K A Ghani1, L S Pek1, W Y Von1, M R Ismail2 and T S T Shahdan

1Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universiti Selangor, Malaysia
2Cluster of Education and Social Sciences, Open University Malaysia, Malaysia

*[email protected]

ABSTRACT
The concept of gamification has spread widely in recent years, supported by the development of technology. Gamification applies
game thinking and game mechanics in nongame contexts that support play to engage users in solving problems during teaching
and learning. Educators are increasingly faced with imparting and fostering sustainable practices on topics pertaining to
sustainability to primary school learners in Malaysia. Sustainability has become an essential topic in schools, usually embedded in
stories and language teaching. Therefore, this paper aims to explain how features of gamification impact learners’ engagement and
motivation in learning topics on sustainability. It is essential to know that gamification does not mean creating games but making
education more engaging and fun with play for learners without undermining its credibility. The theories of cognitive development
were the basis of teaching to encourage cooperative play activity and incorporate into cognitive play activity that encourages pupils’
motivation and self-determination. With its fun element, gamification can engage learners in sustainability issues, create a deeper
understanding of the topic, and relate it directly to learners’ values and decision-making process.
Keyword: -

INTERACTIVE ONLINE LEARNING TOOLS FOR LEARNER ENGAGEMENT

A Woo1, S F Omar2,*, L S Pek, 1, H S A Nawi2, R W M Mee1 and T S T Shahdan

1Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universiti Selangor, Malaysia
2Faculty of Communication, Visual Art and Computing, Universiti Selangor, Malaysia

*[email protected]

ABSTRACT
Technological advances offer a new shift of change to education for sustainable development. Education for sustainable
development encourages knowledge, skills, values, and behaviours to enable a more sustainable society. In this era, it is almost
impossible to come by without the help of technology. Technology is gradually incorporated into classroom instruction to increase
learner engagement and connection with teaching and learning materials. However, the advancement in technology has built a vast
gap between the median household income groups of T20, M40, and B40 in Malaysia. With the current emphasis of 21st Century
Skills in Education 4.0, learners coming from B40 (low-income) families, with an average family income below RM3,000, find it
difficult to cope in education. This paper aims to distinguish the attitudes of primary school learners from low-income families
towards the use of technology in the currents time. Besides, integrated features of online learning tools that encourage the
development of independent learning are identified. It is hoped that practical learning features for interactive online learning tools
could sustain the motivation of learners coming from B40 families inside and outside of the classroom.
Keyword: -

ES: EDUCATION & SOCIAL SCIENCES

IMPACT OF V.U.C.A. ON B40 CHILDREN’S SOCIO-EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING

Fatin Syamilah Che Yob, Afiq Azri Mohd Ghani, Lim Seong Pek, Md Rosli Imail, Rita Wong Mee Mee, Uzzairah Nabila
Ahmad Tazli, Tengku Shahrom Tengku Shahdan

1Universiti Selangor, Jalan Timur Tambahan, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
2Open University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

[email protected]

ABSTRACT
Emotions stimulate a harmonized set of cognitive, behavioural, and psychological response tendencies that mutually affect how
children react to the perceived challenges and opportunities. Emotion Regulation (ER) abilities grow over the period of infancy
and childhood and continue to become fully developed during the course of adolescence. The emotion regulation abilities are vital
to psychological well-being, academic achievement, and healthy social interactions and relations. In the situation of children from
low income (B40) group today, their learning development and future challenge are the key dimensions of the sustainability agenda.
In the volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity (VUCA) world, no other performance is relevant due to high speed of
change. This paper explores B40 children’s socio-emotional well-being in the VUCA era that impacts their development and
understanding of their well-being change. It is expected that the findings of this research will make attempts to understand B40
children’s emotion regulation with a focus on functional and dysfunctional emotion regulation strategies. Addressing protective
factors may help develop resilience and more effective ways of addressing the impact caused by sudden changes of the surrounding.
Keyword: sustainability, emotion regulation, development, well-being

SUSTAINABILITY LEARNING FOR OLDER ADULTS THROUGH TECHNOLOGY USE: A
SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW

N N M Zaid1, M F A Rauf2,*, N A Ahmad3, A Zainal2, F H A Razak3, and T S T Shahdan

1Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universiti Selangor, Malaysia
2Faculty of Communication, Visual Art and Computing, Universiti Selangor, Malaysia
3Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Mara, Malaysia

[email protected]

ABSTRACT
Digital technology influences our lives in various ways. Today, the escalating pace of social, economic, and technological changes
at home, at work, in the community, and in global society creates a perpetual need for everyone, including older adults, to engage
in lifelong learning habits. When it comes to learning and using technology, older adults are often stereotypically described as a
homogenous group that lags, causing them to have low or no interest, experience anxiety, or lack self-confidence. A common view
is that elderly citizens are usually hesitant and worried about using technological devices such as computers or smartphones and
feel nervous and diffident about their ability to use the latest technology. This paper aims to look into past researches on how
advanced technologies create sustainable learning opportunities for older adults. This study is conducted following the guidelines
of RepOrting standards for Systematic Evidence Syntheses (ROSES), explicitly designed for systematic reviewing and mapping
for environment management. The ROSES protocol aims to aid researchers in distinguishing a variety of physical, mental,
emotional, and social barriers that affect older adults’ ability to use information technology effectively.
Keyword: -

ES: EDUCATION & SOCIAL SCIENCES

EDUCATIONAL INEQUALITY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC AFFECTING STUDENTS'
PERCEPTION TOWARDS ONLINE LEARNING: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY AMONG THE

UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITY SELANGOR

Fariha Diyana Binti Awang Ali

Centre of Foundation and General Studies , Universiti Selangor Kampus Bestari Jaya, Selangor
[email protected]

The outbreak of COVID-19 has had a significant impact on the global educational system. It has prompted the closure of educational
institutions, which has had a negative impact on the global student fraternity. Therefore, this paper seeks to investigate what are
the major challenges that have been encountered by the students during the Covid-19 pandemic and how did COVID-19 affect the
process of education in Universiti Selangor. This paper also aims to explore the effects of educational inequality on students’
perception towards online learning. The researcher uses a questionnaire survey to collect data from 120 undergraduate students of
Universiti Selangor that will be distributed randomly through online form. Descriptive analysis will be used to analyse the personal
information and all measured variables meanwhile Chi-Square Test of Independence analysis will be used to determine whether
there is an association between educational inequality and students’ perception towards online learning. This study would be of
interest to both public and private educational institutions interested in identifying major challenges encountered by students during
online learning and determining what students expect from the quality of education available to them.
Keywords: educational inequality, students’ perception; E-learning; COVID-19.

TERTIARY STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIONS ON USING 360-DEGREE VIDEOS TOENHANCE
SPEAKING SKILLS

Muhammad Anwar Mohd Kamal1,2 and Rozila Alias1

1Centre for Foundation and General Studies, Universiti Selangor (UNISEL), Jalan Timur Tambahan,
45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia

2Faculty of Languages and Communication, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI),
35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia

Correspondent email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The aim of the study is to investigate tertiary students’ perception on using 360degree videos to enhance their speaking skills
and to explore factors influencing students’ perceptions of using 360-degree videos to enhance speaking skills. Data is
collected from 100 participants of a university in Perak, Malaysia. A quantitative design is applied and is survey based. Three-
sectioned questionnaires are segregated through Google Forms. The data is analyzed through frequencies, percentages, median
and interquartile range. The results indicated a mostly positive and welcoming reception of the use of 360-degree videos to
enhance speaking skills. However, certain matters are addressed in the findings. Several implications can be derived from the
study. This research increases the awareness amongst students of all levels that this technology exists and can be used to
enhance their speaking capabilities. From an educator’s standpoint, this study can help them to diversify their teaching methods
especially involving speaking skills.

Keywords: perceptions, 360-degree videos, speaking skills, factors influencing speaking skills

ES: EDUCATION & SOCIAL SCIENCES

THE IMPACT OF SELF-PERSONALITY TOWARDS CAREER CHOICE CONSIDERATION
AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN PETALING DISTRICT

Mohd Fahmi Abdul Hamid1, Arvindan Nayar Prabhakaran2 and Sallehatul Asfiah Mohamad Salleh1

1Faculty of Business and Technology, UNITAR International University, Kelana Jaya, Malaysia
2Faculty of Education and Humanities, UNITAR International University, Kelana Jaya, Malaysia

[email protected]

ABSTRACT
Career choice consideration is crucial for secondary school student in order for them to choose the field of study in tertiary level
and determine their future role in the society afterwards. This study was carried out to examine the relationship between career
choice consideration and personality type they poses. A random sample of 215 secondary school students were selected as the
participant for this study. Data were analysed using Microsoft Excel and Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 27.
Result indicated that there is a significant relationship between realistic, investigative and conventional personality type of student
and their career choice consideration. However, no significant relationship between career choice consideration and artistic, social
and enterprising personality type. Based on the result, it was also suggested counsellors should give priority to career guidance in
schools in order to enable students align their personality types with intended careers consideration
Keyword: Career choice, personality types, RIASEC

SUSTAINABLE INNOVATION IN TEACHING AND LEARNING OF PATTERN MAKING
SKILL FOR FASHION EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM

Sharifah Maryam Syed Azman (a)*, Mahyuddin bin Arsat (b), Nornazira binti Suhairom (b)
*Corresponding author

(a) Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Seri Iskandar, Perak, [email protected]
(b) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai, Johor, [email protected]
(c) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai, Johor,[email protected]

ABSTRACT
Pattern making is one of the most important skill-based courses in fashion educationn curriculum, where students learn clothing
construction through drafting, draping and creating basic pattern for garment production. The impact of textile waste and fast
fashion to the environment has been widely discussed in the fashion realm, locally and globally. To address the issue, fashion
education becomes the potential platform to integrate pattern making skill and sustainable innovation which can be delivered
through teaching and learning activities. The ultimate goal of this research is to develop a framework of sustainable innovation in
teaching and learning of pattern making skill for fashion educational programs. In the qualitative approach, the data were collected
from document analyses, interviews and observations. 21 participants including fashion educators, designers and pattern makers
are involved in interview sessions. The elements of sustainable innovation emerged from the thematic analysis are upcycling, zero-
waste, minimization and technology advancement. The study suggests that: 1) The learning objective must be concise and include
Design for disassembly, Up cycling and Transformational Cutting. 2) Learning activities to involve more peer and industry
collaboration. 3) Teaching strategies to infuse more problem-based learning and be technologically inclined and 4) Assessment on
sustainable innovation knowledge must be evaluated. The developed framework can be utilised as a guideline for higher education
institutions to implement sustainable innovation specifically in the teaching and learning for pattern making skills.
Keywords: Sustainability, Pattern Making, Fashion Education

ES: EDUCATION & SOCIAL SCIENCES

THE ROLES OF LANGUAGE CENTRES IN MALAYSIA

Franklin G. Talaue (a), Fazlinda Hamzah* (b), Mohd Azlan Shah Sharifudin (c), Nur Asyikeen Kamarudin (d), Soo Yew Phong (e)

(a) Binus University, Indonesia, [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2710-4611
(b) Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Melaka, Malaysia, [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8901-1520

(c) Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Melaka, Malaysia, [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9566-4771
(d) Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Melaka, Malaysia, [email protected], https://orcid.org/
0000-0002-3886-677X

(e) Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Melaka, Malaysia, [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9131-1925

ABSTRACT
Often disregarded as equal partners of academic faculties in universities and diminished to limited roles, the challenges faced by
language centres abound. Therefore, this study is undertaken to examine the responsibilities performed by a language centre as it
interacts with other academic departments in a university. Focusing on language centre staff and university content lecturers from
a university in Malaysia, this study explores the beliefs and attitudes of academic department lecturers towards language centre
management and services as well how language centre lecturers view their positions in terms of students’ language growth,
research, etc. The results show that there seems to be disconnects and inadequacies in encouraging collaborations between lecturers
in terms of teaching and learning and research ecosystem, resulting in unmet expectations from each other. The findings
demonstrate that there is a need to harmonise language and academic department operations as they move towards achieving their
institutional objectives.

Keywords: language centre, academic departments, university, focus group discussion

THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SUSTAINABLE
PRACTICES, DEVELOPMENT AND URBANISATION

Roslina Ismail (a)*, Latifah Abdul Ghani (b)

(a) University Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia, [email protected], 0000-0003-2195-5239
(b) Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus , Malaysia, [email protected], 0000-0002-0104-6110

ABSTRACT
Malaysia’s biodiversity policy is extensive. However, the conversion of over 100 hectares of the Batu Talam Forest Reserve (BTFR)
in Pahang into durian orchards left many people perplexed. This environmental politics scenario is not the only problem facing
Malaysia's protected areas. Is biodiversity governance in Malaysia fruitless? In this study, we analyse the performance of Malaysia
in protecting biodiversity over a 10-year period, between 2010 and 2020, and in comparison, with other Muslim countries. We also
examine the conversion of BTFR in the context of compliance with Section 425 of the 1965 National Land Code, the Framework
of Environmentally Sensitive Areas (FESA) and the 1984 National Forestry Act (NFA). We use a combination of semi-quantitative,
policy–science and qualitative methods. Data were obtained from official websites and social media of government agencies, non-
governmental organizations, politicians, and Yale University. The results show that Malaysia's biodiversity protection performance
decreased significantly over the ten years. It also shows that some actors do not comply with the Section, EFSA and NFA. All these
indicate that there are loopholes in Malaysia’s biodiversity governance. This paper highlights the ethical and political challenges
behind the policy to protect biodiversity in a multi-racial Muslim country. It also highlights the incoherence between the challenges
and the Islamic approach to protecting biodiversity. We recommend further research on the environmental ethics of key
stakeholders and their transparency when looking for government services related to protected areas. Its purpose is to inform
strategic discussions and develop appropriate responses to biodiversity governance.
Keywords: Durian fruit orchards, biodiversity governance, biodiversity protection performance, inform strategic discussions,
environmental politics

ES: EDUCATION & SOCIAL SCIENCES

EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF STRESSORS ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONG
HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS USING PLS-SEM APPROACH

Rohaiza Mohamad Idaris, Norliana Ahmad Shah, Siti Fatimah Abdullah
Faculty of Business and Accountancy
Universiti Selangor (Unisel)
E-mail: [email protected]

Mohd Hanafi Azman Ong
Department of Statistics and Decision Sciences
Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences,
Universiti Teknologi MARA (Segamat Campus), 85000 Segamat, Johor, Malaysia.

E-mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Stress is a prevalent component in every individual’s life, irrespective of race or cultural background. In education line, many
students experience stress during their academic years. It can either negatively or positively influence academic performance. Thus,
the aim of this study is to explore the relationship between stress and academic performance among Higher Education Institutions
students. The research also attempts to investigate each sources of stress that effecting academic performance. A quantitative
method in a form of questionnaire has been used to collect and analyze the data using PLS-SEM software. The sample includes
284 students from different Higher Education Institutions in Selangor. The findings show that the relationship factor has the greatest
impact on academic performance, followed by the factor body, mind, and feelings, campus life, and finally financial factors.
Therefore, it is recommended for students to maintain a minimalist, relaxing study place that is free of distractions and clutter is
one approach to lessen the amount of stress that students endure. On the other hand, practicing optimism and optimistic thinking
can also improve student's health, relationships, and academic performance.
Keyword: Stress, academic performance, Higher Education Institutions, PLS-SEM

SUSTAINABLE TEACHING STRATEGIES FOR GRADUATE COMPETENCY: EVIDENCE
FROM HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN MALAYSIA

Rosliza Mat-Zin(a)*, Ervina Alfan(b) Norita Mohd Nasir(c) & Norakma Abd Majid(d)

(a) & (d)Faculty of Business, Economics & Social Development Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu,
Terengganu, Malaysia [email protected]

(b) Department of Accounting, Faculty of Business & Accountancy Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
[email protected]

(c) Department of Accounting & Finance, School of Business Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor,
Malaysia [email protected]

ABSTRACT
It is increasingly important for higher education institutions (HEIs) to produce competent graduates to fulfil the ever-changing
industry demands. Fresh graduates are expected to acquire core competencies of knowledge, skills and attitudes before they join
the workplace. The study explores teaching strategies adopted by the private and public HEIs in Malaysia in the effort to equip
graduates with the necessary competencies. Using a thematic analysis from a focus group interviews, the study investigates how
lecturers embed ways to enhance graduate competencies within their teaching practices. Although the findings indicate that teacher-
centered approach to learning is evident, the use of student-centered approach including class discussions and exposure to real life
examples are also equally dominant. In addition, lecturers also employ multiple teaching and learning methods including the use
of technology-assisted tools. Whilst the current findings indicate that the use of multiple methods supports diverse and quality
learning experience in classrooms, it is nonetheless very limited evidence to suggest that this approach could enhance the highly
perceived competencies aspects such as soft skills and work-attitude. Hence, this finding unlocks an avenue to explore sustainable
teaching and learning strategies that not only inculcate knowledge acquisitions, but also equip graduates with competency areas
relevant to the industry needs
Keyword: teacher-centred, student-centred, higher education institutions, competency skills, sustainability

ES: EDUCATION & SOCIAL SCIENCES

UNISEL FOUNDATION STUDENTS’ ATTITUDE TOWARDS E-LEARNING AS A
SUSTAINABLE PLATFORM OF EDUCATION

Jayemogen Shanmugam(a) Fariha Diyana Awang Ali(a), Mirza Madihah Zainal(a), Muhammad Anwar Mohd Kamal(a) &
Nurshahirah Azman(a)

(a) University Selangor, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia

ABSTRACT
The Covid-19 pandemic has forced education institutions to adopt online platforms for teaching and learning. Online education
platforms are web or digital based applications which enable users to conduct and attend classes virtually. The implementation of
online classes through online platforms was sudden and rushed due to the increase and the prolonging of covid-19 cases. Over the
past year, these online platforms have become an essential tool in continuing the teaching and learning process across various
educational sectors. This paper aimed to explain the students’ attitude towards using e-learning platforms as a sustainable platform
of education and at the same time explore their perception of using e-learning as a sustainable tool. A set of questionnaires is
administered to 159 foundation students in Universiti Selangor, and the data obtained is statistically analysed to fulfill the research
objectives. As online education becomes an essential part of education, it is crucial to understand the sustainability of online
pedagogy and the impact it has on the students. Students may not have the same level of acceptance and views towards the use of
online platforms. The outcome of this study will assist educators and administrators in planning and using online platforms to
conduct online classes that suit the needs and expectations of the students.
Keyword: e-learning, sustainability, ELT, students’ attitude

UNESCO CREATIVE CITY OF GASTRONOMY: MELAKA’S POTENTIAL FROM LOCAL
COMMUNITY PERSPECTIVE

Azlan Cheah Sofea (a) & Napatah Nurul Najwa (b)

(a) Faculty of Business, Economics, and Social Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,
21300 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia

[email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0471-839X
(b) Faculty of Business, Economics, and Social Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,

21300 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
[email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0934-5817

ABSTRACT
In the post-COVID-19 era, UNESCO advised that cities should respond to the challenge by embracing the concept of becoming
UNESCO Creative Cities. This study was conducted to determine the community's readiness to be involved if Melaka is designated
as the Creative City of Gastronomy. This research applies the qualitative method of in-depth interviews with nineteen local
community representatives from community associations, NGOs, gastronomy-related operators, experts, and external organizations
and using thematic analysis to analyse the data. This study gains a comprehensive understanding of the Creative City of
Gastronomy, the awareness level of the community, the motivation factor of the local community as well as the challenges regarding
the local cuisine conservation efforts. The results show that the local community is ready to participate in the Creative City of
Gastronomy if the program is applied in Melaka. Besides, the resources for the creative city, such as the local communities, are
well ready, however, they need to be given more exposure and awareness related to the creative city and to be guided continuously.
Therefore, this study is beneficial to all stakeholders to transform the Melaka city area into sustainable and resilient in the post-
COVID era.
Keyword: Creative City of Gastronomy, UNESCO Creative City Network (UCCN), local community readiness, COVID-19,
response strategy

ES: EDUCATION & SOCIAL SCIENCES

SECURING ACADEMIC STUDENT FILE USING AES ALGORITHM FOR CLOUD STORAGE
WEB-BASED SYSTEM

Juanita Zainudin (a)*, Fatin Puteri (b), Faizah Miserom (c), Nurshafinas Roslan (d)

(a) Kolej University Poly-Tech MARA, 56100 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, [email protected]
(b) Kolej University Poly-Tech MARA, 56100 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, [email protected]

(c) Kolej University Poly-Tech MARA, 56100 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, [email protected]
(d) Kolej University Poly-Tech MARA, 56100 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Cloud storage is an invention technology that provides storage services to users. Recently, many universities or companies have
started using cloud storage services and realized its importance. However, preserving data security control in cloud storage is an
issue and a very challenging task to solve. This paper proposes a web-based system with encryption technique to address the
security and privacy issue in cloud storage in order to protect the data stored in the cloud. File Encryption Cloud Storage (FECS)
system is a web-based system which secure students’ academic files in cloud storage using encryption technique. The system can
encrypt students’ academic files in cloud storage to avoid from unauthorized access and misused risk. The targeted users are among
students of Kolej University Poly-Tech MARA (KUPTM). The development method of this system uses PHP and JavaScript
programming languages in Microsoft Visual Studio Code Integrated Development Environment (IDE) platform. The MySQL
database is used as the backend of the system. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) technique is used in this system. The AES
method shows successful result to the development of the system. Findings from the survey shows that the system is significant
and beneficial to KUPTM students.
Keyword: encryption, cryptography, cloud storage, security, academic

DEVELOPMENT OF RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS ON THE IMPACT OF HIGHER
EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS (HEIS) TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE SOCIO-ECONOMIC

DEVELOPMENT

Yati Ashikin Wahab, Norazly Nordin , Ng Ming Yip, Azar Fatiha Mohd Lud, Khairil Bariyyah, Wan Hazwani Wan Hamedi.

Universiti Selangor, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia, [email protected]

ABSTRACT
The development of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in a place will have an impact on the community and the area around the
HEIs. The development of the institution resulted in the demand for staff and students for various needs such as housing, various
basic necessities shops, food shops, and so on. As a result, social and economic activities in the affected areas will increase and
developed. This research is a study related to the development of instruments to survey the impact of the development of HEIs on
the socio-economic development of the surrounding communities. This instrument is important in assessing the impact of HEIs
development to the surrounding area and community and is used in making development planning systematically to achieve
sustainable development. The development of the research instrument involves several steps namely literature review, Focus Group
Discussion (FGD), development of questionnaires and validity of instruments through Subject-Matter Expert (SME). The
instrument developed is a questionnaire used to obtain data related to the impact of HEIs development on a community from a
socio-economic aspect.
Keyword: research instrument, Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), sustainable socio-economic development

ES: EDUCATION & SOCIAL SCIENCES

BUYING INTENTIONS: DO KNOWLEDGE, RELIGIOSITY, AND HALAL CERTIFICATION
MATTER?

Norhasdalina Hasim (a), Rohaiza Mohamad Idaris (b)*, Hairin Nisa Meor Nordin

(a) Faculty of Business & Accountancy, Universiti Selangor, Shah Alam, Malaysia, [email protected],
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6422-188X

(b) Faculty of Business & Accountancy, Universiti Selangor, Shah Alam, Malaysia, [email protected],
(c) Faculty of Business & Accountancy, Universiti Selangor, Shah Alam, Malaysia, [email protected]

ABSTRACT
The awareness of halal cosmetics products has become an essential element in our daily lives, especially Muslims. Hence, this
paper highlighted the factors of buying intentions on halal cosmetics among university students. The purpose of this study is to
identify the most important element influencing halal cosmetics buying intentions among knowledge, religion, and halal
certification. In addition, this study also determined the relationship between knowledge, religiosity, and halal certification towards
buying intentions among university students. The researchers adopted a quantitative approach in this research by distributing
questionnaires to 292 participants. The frequency, descriptive, and regression analyses were analysed using SPSS Software to
answer the objective of the study. The outcome of this study showed a strong relationship between buying intentions with
knowledge and religiosity. Meanwhile, halal certification showed no relationship towards buying intentions on halal cosmetics
products. With this discovery, future research work may be better described.
Keyword: Halal Cosmetics, Halal Certification, Buying Intentions, Knowledge, Religiosity

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTERNET USAGE AND CYBER BULLYING IN SOCIAL
MEDIA

S Salahudin Suyurno (a), Khairul Azhar Meerangani (b)*, Mohammad Fahmi Abdul Hamid (c), Abdul Rauf Ridzuan (d),
Muhammad Faidz Mohd Fadzil (e), Mohd Khairul Nizam Mohd Aziz (f)

(a) Associate Profesor, Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies, University Technology MARA Melaka, 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka,
Malaysia, E-mail: [email protected], ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8326-8827

(b)* Senior Lecturer, Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies, University Technology MARA Melaka, 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia,
E-mail: [email protected], ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1749-3206

(c) Senior Lecturer, Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies, University Technology MARA Melaka, 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia,
E-mail: [email protected], ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4923-7127

(d) Associate Profesor, Faculty of Communication and Media Studies, University Technology MARA Melaka, 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka,
Malaysia, E-mail: [email protected], ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8598-7673

(e) Lecturer, Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies, University Technology MARA Melaka, 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia, E-mail:
[email protected], ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9384-1834

(f) Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies, University Technology MARA Melaka, Malaysia, E-mail: [email protected], ORCID iD:
0000-0001-7751-8092

ABSTRACT

Malaysia is recorded as the 9th country in the world in terms of active use of social media, in fact almost 80% of the total population
of this country spend about 8 hours a day to browse the internet. The enforcement of the Movement Control Order (PKP) in 2020
saw a drastic increase in the traffic flow of the internet usage by 32% nationwide. However, there are a few parties who abuse
digital platforms by getting involved in cyberbullying activities to attract public attention and have fun on social media. Thus, this
study aims to analyse the relationship between the duration of internet use and signs of cyberbullying on social media. The study
was conducted using a survey design by adopting the quantitative method. A set of online questionnaires (Google Form) was
distributed to 436 respondents in Melaka, and the data obtained were analysed through SPSS 23.0 software. The study findings
concluded a significant difference in the mean score of cyberbullying behaviour according to the duration of internet use ((f =
8.857); (p < 0.05). All parties need to work together to create a safe and harmonious digital ecosystem, besides practising self-
control in social interactions, especially in the cyberspace.
Keyword: Internet, Cyberbullying, Social Media, Digital, Communication

ES: EDUCATION & SOCIAL SCIENCES

THE INFLUENCE OF INTERNET USAGE ON THE EMOTIONAL WELLBEING OF YOUTH

Mohammad Fahmi Abdul Hamid (a), Khairul Azhar Meerangani (b)*, S Salahudin Suyurno (c), Mohd Zaid Mustafar (d),
Muhammad Taufik Md Sharipp (e), Muhammad Yasin Omar Mukhtar (f)

(a) Senior Lecturer, Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies, University Technology MARA Melaka, 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia,
E-mail: [email protected], ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4923-7127

(b)* Senior Lecturer, Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies, University Technology MARA Melaka, 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia,
E-mail: [email protected], ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1749-3206

(c) Associate Professor, Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies, University Technology MARA Melaka, 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka,
Malaysia, E-mail: [email protected], ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8326-8827

(d) Senior Lecturer, Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies, University Technology MARA Melaka, 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia,
E-mail: [email protected], ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5260-8075

(e) Lecturer, Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies, University Technology MARA Melaka, 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia, E-mail:
[email protected], ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0803-497X

(f) Research Assistant, Division of Research, Consultation and Innovation, University College of Islam Malacca, Malaysia, E-mail:
[email protected], ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9002-5134

ABSTRACT
Malaysia is recorded as the 9th country in the world in terms of active use of social media, in fact almost 80% of the total population
of this country spend about 8 hours a day to browse the internet. The enforcement of the Movement Control Order (PKP) in 2020
saw a drastic increase in the traffic flow of the internet usage by 32% nationwide. However, there are a few parties who abuse
digital platforms to attract public attention and have fun on social media. Thus, this study aims to analyse the influence of internet
usage on the emotional well-being of youth. The study was conducted using a survey design by adopting the quantitative method.
A set of online questionnaires (Google Form) was distributed to 436 respondents in Melaka, and the data obtained were analysed
through SPSS 23.0 software. Results indicated that 63% of respondents use the internet more than 6 hours a day for various purposes
and needs. The use of the internet and social media has affected emotional well-being, which is lack of self-confidence (m = 3.85),
depression (m = 3.76), anxiety (m = 3.21) and suicide ideation (m = 2.37). The sophistication of technology shall not compromise
the human value of its users that it becomes a tool to manipulate and encroach on the rights of the fellow human beings. In fact,
the ethical use of social media and online applications enables the cyber space to be the great platform that is useful in carrying out
many activities and current needs.
Keyword: Internet Usage, Emotional Well-Being, Social Media, Digital, Communication

THE EDUCATIONAL CHALLENGES ON VIRTUAL LEARNING DURING PANDEMIC
PERIOD IN MALAYSIA

Ikmal Malik (a)*, Grace Derioh (b)

(a) Faculty of Business and Technology, UNITAR International University, Malaysia, [email protected]
(b) Faculty of Education and Humanities, UNITAR International University, Malaysia, [email protected]

ABSTRACT

In the present education situation during the COVID-19 pandemic, student has become one of the utmost prominent primacies for
education institutions due to lockdown. The paper is to examine the challenges that student is facing with virtual learning during
coronavirus pandemic. Virtual learning is currently the best option to slow down the spreading of COVID-19. However, it can be
challenging to the disabled, underprivileged, and marginalized students who had limited resources and accessibility. An online
questionnaire was distributed on (165) individuals within private university in Klang Valley area. The study used quantitative
approach and the data was analysed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results of study indicated a positive relationship
of technology literacy, motivation and self-efficacy on virtual learning. The findings indicate that educational institutions must pay
attention to the factors that keep students motivated and maintain their optimal performance, especially during the COVID-19
pandemic through virtual learning
Keywords: Education, Pandemic, Motivation, Virtual Learning, Self-Efficacy, Technology Literacy

ES: EDUCATION & SOCIAL SCIENCES

THE EFFECT OF SOCIAL MEDIA’S ON THE TOLERANCE OF A MULTICULTURAL
SOCIETY IN MALAYSIA

Khairul Azhar Meerangani (a), Mohd Sufiean Hassan (b)*, Dziauddin Sharif (c), Mohd Anuar Ramli (d), Mohammad Fahmi
Abdul Hamid (e), Ahmad Arif Zulkefli (f)

(a) Senior Lecturer, Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies, University Technology MARA Melaka, 78000 Alor Gajah,
Melaka, Malaysia, E-mail: [email protected], ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1749-3206

(b)* Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Communication and Media Studies, University Technology MARA Melaka, 78000 Alor Gajah,
Melaka, Malaysia, E-mail: [email protected], ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5044-4652

(c) Senior Lecturer, Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies, University Technology MARA Melaka, 78000 Alor Gajah,
Melaka, Malaysia, E-mail: [email protected], ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7251-0032

(d) Senior Lecturer, Academy of Islamic Studies, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, E-mail:
[email protected], ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5800-6876

(e) Senior Lecturer, Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies, University Technology MARA Melaka, 78000 Alor Gajah,
Melaka, Malaysia, E-mail: [email protected], ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4923-7127

(f) Senior Lecturer, Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies, University Technology MARA Melaka, 78000 Alor Gajah,
Melaka, Malaysia, E-mail: [email protected], ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0215-8480

ABSTRACT

Malaysia is a country where people of diverse ethnicity and religion live together in a society for so long, establishing a unique
multicultural identity. Nevertheless, the efforts to maintain the harmonious atmosphere is not easy, there are challenges especially
in the Industrial Revolution (IR4.0) era, where the development in information and communication technology (ICT) platforms
grows rapidly. Some of the digital media facilities offered are not utilised for their intended purpose, instead, they are now used as
provocative instruments. Unfortunately, freedom of speech and expression are misinterpreted, leading to ethnic and religion slurs,
as well as incitement to hatred. Thus, this study aims to analyse the effect of social media on tolerance in the multicultural society
in Malaysia. The study used a survey design by adopting the quantitative method. The set of online questionnaires (Google Form)
was distributed to 260 respondents, and the data obtained were subject to inferential analysis using SEM AMOS. The study findings
concluded significant impact of social media on tolerance in a multicultural society (β2 = 0.568). Thus, all parties need to work
together to create a harmonious social ecosystem, while practising self-control in their interaction between communities, especially
in the cyberspace.
Keywords: Social Media, Tolerance, Multicultural, Harmony, Communication

FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO SMARTPHONE ADDICTION: AN OVERVIEW FROM MENTAL HEALTH AND
PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING SPECTRUM

Siti Mariam Ali (a)*, Hasmi Mokhlas (b) & Ros Anita Yahya (c)

(a) Centre for Islamic Philanthropy and Social Finance (CIPSF), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UITM), Alor Gajah, Melaka,
Malaysia; [email protected]

(b), (c) Faculty of Business Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UITM), Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia;
[email protected], [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Smartphones today provide great opportunities, comfort, dependability, and everything a person requires. The inner intention of
this study is to explore how smartphones are affecting society and how smartphones unilaterally going to transform the culture,
social life, technology landscape, and another multifaceted spectrum of contemporary society. This study is an exploratory
examination of previous works of literature in the context of smartphone addiction and related contributing factors, with a focus on
emotional health and psychological well-being. Intrinsically as the study pertains, factors such depression, anxiety, stress,
loneliness, and parent-child communications emerged as crucial contributing factors to smartphone addiction. The researchers
emphasized several recommendations for future research in this area from the previous literature at the conclusion of the paper.
Keywords: smartphone, smartphone addiction, emotional health, psychological well-being

ES: EDUCATION & SOCIAL SCIENCES

LOCAL COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN COMMUNITY-BASED
TOURISM OF JAKUN TRIBE, SG. PEROH, JOHOR

Napatah Nurul Najwa (a)*, Azlan Sofea Cheah(b)

(a) (a) Faculty of Business, Economics, and Social Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia,
[email protected], 0000-0003-0934-5817

(b) Faculty of Business, Economics, and Social Development, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia,
[email protected], 0000-0002-0471-839X

ABSTRACT
Indigenous communities in most countries have settled in their traditional lands since before the existence of other communities in
one country. Their traditional culture is deeply embedded in their traditional lands and is closely linked to their customs and belief
system. However, the process of globalization in the form of development has slowly eroded the traditional culture of the indigenous
community and exposed it to the threat of cultural extinction. Tourism has been highlighted as a critical instrument for sustainable
development in rural indigenous communities, according to prior studies. The growing interest in indigenous culture as a visitor
attraction has benefited the growth of indigenous communities. Hence, community participation in tourism is an important factor
since they are the nucleus for decision-making and support in the development of their place. As a result, the focus of this study
will be on the local people of Jakun Tribe Kampung Orang Asli Sg. Peroh's preparedness and desire to engage in the establishment
of Community-Based Tourism (CBT). The scoring of community readiness was conducted to obtain the stages of community
awareness and readiness. It would obtain a complete knowledge of the level of awareness, preparedness, and inclination of the
society to engage in tourism expansion by utilizing a qualitative approach of in-depth interviews with the local community and
chosen organizations. The results showed that the local community is open to more opportunities in tourism development and ready
to participate. Therefore, this study is beneficial to all tourism stakeholders in outlining strategies for tourism development in the
indigenous village.
Keywords: Community-Based Tourism, Indigenous Community, Community Participation

MEASURING STUDENTS' EMOTION ON ONLINE LEARNING DURING COVID-19
PANDEMIC USING CONDITIONAL PROBABILITY APPROACH

Suriana Ishak (a)*, Emi Amielda Ahmad Mokhtar (a)*, Norhayati Abdul Jamil (a)*, Hafiza Haron (a)

(a) Kolej Universiti Poly-Tech MARA, Jalan 6/91 Taman Shamelin Perkasa, 56100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The COVID-19 pandemic, which started at the end of 2019, caused a significant impact on all industries, including education
sectors worldwide. In March 2020, the Malaysian government implemented the Movement Control Order (MCO), which closed
all schools and higher education institutions due to the pandemic. This situation disrupted classes and activities at the institution;
the only option available for students to resume learning was to go online. The sudden shift from offline and blended learning to
online learning had an impact on students' participation as well as the emotion in the learning process. This study aims to evaluate
the positive and negative emotions towards students' learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also aims to identify relationships
between students' emotions and the demographic variables such as gender, Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA),
socioeconomic status, and internet connection stability of students. Data were collected using a short version of the Achievement
Emotions Questionnaire (AEQ-S) from Kolej Universiti Poly-Tech MARA (KUPTM) students who undergo mathematics or
statistics class during the April 2021 academic session. The data were then analyzed using conditional probability and the Pareto
analysis approach. The findings showed that students have positive emotions (pride and enjoyment) towards online learning with
79.3% and 81.7%, respectively. The percentages of negative emotions (boredom, anger, hopelessness, and anxiety) towards online
learning are 7.3%, 7.3%, 12.2%, and 42.7%, respectively. These findings demonstrated a high level of students' positive emotions
towards online classes during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Keywords: Emotion, online learning, COVID-19

ES: EDUCATION & SOCIAL SCIENCES

THE FUTURE WE WANT – A STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVE OF POLITICAL COMMITMENT
TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA

Dr. Aarti Mehta Sharma (a)*, Dr. A. Senthil Kumar(b), Dr. R. Seranmadevi(c), Dr. Padmini Sasikumar (d)

(a) Associate Professor, Department of Professional Studies, Christ University, Bangalore, India
[email protected], ORCID ID: 0000-0002-8292-2839

(b) Assistant Professor, Department of Professional Studies, Christ University, Bangalore, India
[email protected], ORCID ID: 0000-0002-5081-9183

(c) Associate Professor, Department of Professional Studies, Christ University, Bangalore, India
[email protected], ORCID ID: 0000-0002-4559-4100

(d) Assistant Professor, Department of Professional Studies, Christ University, Bangalore, India
[email protected], ORCID ID: 0000-0002-4609-7982

ABSTRACT
As adopted by the United Nations, the 2030 agenda for sustainable development envisions the earth to be a better place by the year
2030 while giving a blueprint on the way to get there. The goal is to remove inequality, poverty, and strife while rejuvenating the
planet by taking care of the environment. As a developing country and the second most populous country globally, India will hold
the key to attaining these goals. The Indian government (GoI) is committed to realizing sustainable development goals as laid out
by the United Nations (UN). The National Agenda for inclusive growth and progress, as reflected in its motto of “Sabka Saath
Sabka Vikas” is closely aligned with the goals laid out by the UN. In the “Voluntary National review” submitted to the UN, India
has taken stock of the global agenda through the narratives of Sashakt Bharat - Sabal Bharat (Empowered and Resilient India),
Swachh Bharat - Swasth Bharat (Clean and Healthy India), Samagra Bharat - Saksham Bharat (Inclusive and Entrepreneurial India),
Satat Bharat – Sanatan Bharat (Sustainable India) and Sampanna Bharat- Samriddh Bharat (Prosperous and Vibrant India). To this
end, the GoI has also come out with an SDG Index to keep track of the progress made. This paper will study the progress made in
the schemes mentioned in the above narratives by using information from secondary sources and giving suggestions for
improvement.
Keywords: political commitment, schemes, SDGs, Sustainability, India

THE INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL, AESTHETIC AND INDIVIDUAL FACTORS ON
VIEWERS' SATISFACTION IN VIRTUAL ART EXHIBITION

Muhammad Fitri Samsuddin (a)*, Mohd Hanif Mohd Omar (b), Aidah Alias (c), Fazlina Mohd Radzi (d), Azmil Aswad Che Mat
@ Mohd Shukor (e)

(a) Faculty of Art & Design (FSSR), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia
[email protected]

ABSTRACT
The devastating effects of the COVID-19 global pandemic has forced most business transactions to shift from the conventional
approach to the online medium to ensure their sustainability during this critical period. Artists are also transforming their approach
from physical exhibitions to virtual exhibitions to ensure their business sustainability. Conventional or physical exhibitions draw
large audiences; however, due to the COVID-19 global pandemic, such gatherings are strictly prohibited. Thus, virtual museum
exhibitions will continue to be organised in the future, therefore, knowledge about factors that affect virtual exhibitions will be in
demand. This cross-sectional study intended to examine the influence of technological, aesthetic and individual factors on viewers'
satisfaction when experiencing a Virtual Art Exhibition. Data collection was carried out from May to June 2021 using an electronic
questionnaire (google form) as a study tool, which was adapted from previous studies. Viewers of virtual art exhibitions were the
unit of analysis and selected using the purposive sampling technique. Several virtual art exhibitions premiering in Melaka during
the COVID-19 pandemic were identified. Data were analysed using the SPSS 27 software involving correlations and multivariate
analyses. Findings reveal that only two factors were found to significantly influence viewers’ satisfaction, namely the aesthetic
value and individual (viewer) factors. This empirical evidence has outlined the fundamental aspects that will serve as a guideline
for artists by considering the aesthetic value and individual factors in preparing for future virtual exhibitions as well as highlighting
the importance of the technological factor in improving viewers’ satisfaction.
Keywords: Virtual art exhibition, technology, aesthetic, viewer's satisfaction

ES: EDUCATION & SOCIAL SCIENCES

CLOSING THE COMMUNICATION GAP : STUDENT ACADEMIC AFFAIRS CHATBOT
DESIGN

Nur Syufiza Ahmad Shukor a, Abdul Basir Efendi b, Haslinda Sutan Ahmad Nawi c & Siti Fatimah Omar d

Computing Department, FCVAC
Universiti Selangor

Bestari Jaya, Malaysia

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

ABSTRACT
The current young adult learners are very gadget and Internet savvy. The ubiquity of technology and machines has made them
more comfortable and convenient to communicate through machines rather than direct interaction with human. They are also very
good at information searching including the web search. However, most institutions where they are currently studying still having
the brick-and-mortar style of information sharing and dissemination. A very limited information is made available in the web site,
and one has to get further clarification from the department offices. This study helps to identify problems in dealing with the
inquiry process between students and the institution on academics related issues. Both interview and survey were conducted in
order to elicit the requirements of the systems design. The system design was developed based on the Rapid Application
Development (RAD) software development life cycle. The output is the system design for the student academic administrative
chatbot development. This paper will highlight on how information system would help the institution to bridge the communication
gap between two generations: the millennia and the Gen X – baby boomers.
Keywords: chatbot development, students’ sustainability, young adult learners.

THE LITERATURE REVIEW: A FOUNDATION FOR HIGH-QUALITY COMMUNITY BASED
REHABILITATION (CBR) RESEARCH IN MALAYSIA

Hamdan Mohd Salleh (a) *, Ng Ming Yip (b) , Affezah Ali (c), Norazly Nordin (d)
*Corresponding author

(a) University Selangor, Bestari Jaya Main Campus, Jalan Timur Tambahan, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia,
[email protected], 0000-0001-8704-9189

(b) University Selangor, Bestari Jaya Main Campus, Jalan Timur Tambahan, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor,
[email protected], 0000-0001-7246-8591

(c) Taylor’s University, 1 Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, [email protected], 0000-0002-9873-4429
(d) PICOMS International University College, City Campus, Jalan Tangsi, 50480 Kuala Lumpur, [email protected],

0000-0002-6653-4131

ABSTRACT
Community-Based rehabilitation (CBR) is a program created by the Disabled Development Department (JPPWD), Department of
Social Welfare (JKM). It is based on a strategy in the development of local communities for rehabilitation, training, education,
opportunities equalization and social integration of people with disabilities (PWDs). CBRs are implemented through integrated
efforts of disabled persons, families, communities and health services, education, vocational and social services. This program is
operated throughout the country with the active involvement of the community either at CBR or at home with the support of
teachers appointed by CBR. There is a need to re-examine the holistic effectiveness of CBR in Malaysia, there is a need to increase
research in both issues. Conducting a proper literature review helps both novice and experienced researchers select rigorous
research methodologies. Because of those reasons, this article was written based on a literature review surveys to guide researchers
that study the holistic issues of CBRs in Malaysia. The scope of the study mostly focuses on the role, effectiveness, perception,
expectations of stakeholders on CBRs. The goal is also to provide some insight into the issues and discussion surrounding the role
of CBRs in disability facilitations. The LR also serve as a gap analysis, to inform decision making around CBRs in Malaysia.
Searching for this study is primarily conducted through Google Scholars. The findings from the 47 review outlined a gap in the
literature related to CBR in Malaysia. Very few focusses on the teachers especially the overall career path, the curriculum and
training needs assessment.
Keywords: Literature Review, CBR/PDK, disability issues, people with disabilities (PWDs)

ES: EDUCATION & SOCIAL SCIENCES

IMPACTS OF ONLINE MATHEMATICS CLINIC PROGRAMME IN IMPROVING PRE-
UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE.

Hasnur Hidayah Kamaruddin (a)*, Norazah Mohammad Nawawi (b), Rahayu Md. Khalid (c), Norazlina Hanim Shamsudin (d) ,
Khairil Bariyyah Hassan (e), Norhisyam Mat Sout (f)

(a) Centre for Foundation and General Studies, Universiti Selangor, Selangor, Malaysia. [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Online education previously viewed as an option for those adult learners seeking higher education opportunities. However, Covid-
19 pandemic has changed that view which has made educators and students from all levels of education to adapt quickly to virtual
courses. Nowadays, online teaching and learning has been used extensively by education institutions including Universiti Selangor.
As a mathematics clinic is developed with the aim of helping students who find mathematics challenging and struggling to
understand the related subjects, the need to run this virtual program effectively is even more important. Therefore, it is necessary
to study the impact of attending a series of online mathematics clinic sessions on these respective students. In this research, students’
academic performance is evaluated and their perception is statistically analysed. Pre and post-survey are given to students in
Foundation in Management (FIM), Foundation in Information Technology (FIT) and Foundation in Science(FIS) who are the target
groups of these clinics. Results from the study should be able to support relationship which suggested that virtual mathematics
clinic could be an effective initiative to increase their confidence and competence towards mathematics -related subjects. At the
end of this study, it is also hoped that the development of virtual learning through these online mathematics clinics would not only
improve the learning outcome, but also help to improve the sustainability of education as a whole beyond any subject or level of
education.
Keywords: Academic performance, foundation students, online mathematics clinic, virtual learning

LIFELONG EDUCATION ACCORDING TO THE PERSPECTIVE OF MAQASID SHARIAH
AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDG)

*Hasri Harun (a) Hasliza Mohamad Ali (b)

(a) Institute of Maqasid Syariah, Centre of Excellence UNISEL Selangor Malaysia
(b) Centre of Foundation and General Studies, UNISEL Selangor Malaysia

ABSTRACT
Lifelong education is a very valuable process to ensure the well -being and continuity of life. In going through a
perfect educational process, the community can perform their responsibilities and roles perfectly and this in return,
can develop the country. However, in today's digital era, the awareness and interest among the community in
improving lifelong knowledge is very high, especially with the existence of ICT equipment that provides facilities to
learn more easily. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between the importance of lifelong education with the
maqāsid syariah and its relationship with the Sustainable Development Goals. The methodology used is the library
method with the application of textual and contextual analysis methods by taking into consideration the five elements
of maqāsid syariah. The results obtained show that lifelong education has a very significant relationship with the
maqāsid syariah. Lifelong education is the key to the preservation of the five elements of maqāsid syariah, namely
maintaining religion, intellect, self, lineage and property. In addition, maqāsid syariah also has a strong connection
with the sustainable development goals (SDG).
Keywords: Lifelong Education. Maqasid Shariah. ICT. Sustainable Development

ES: EDUCATION & SOCIAL SCIENCES

LANGUAGE FOR SUSTAINABILITY IN MALAYSIA CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

Khairul Firdaus Ne’Matullah (a)*, Lim Seong Pek (b), Siti Aisyah Roslan (c)

(a) Centre for Foundation and General Studies, Universiti Selangor, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia,
[email protected], 0000-0002-2524-4461

(b) Faculty of Education and Social Sciences, Universiti Selangor, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
[email protected] , 0000-0002-0322-7572

(c) Centre for Foundation and General Studies, Universiti Selangor, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
[email protected], 0000-0003-0869-0563

ABSTRACT
Delays in the completion of projects are often related to communication errors in the transmission and interpretation of instructions
at the construction site. It is well known that most construction firms use foreign labour on these projects as they are cheaper and
available in greater numbers. The purpose of this study is to determine how such communication problems affect progress in the
completion of a construction project. In particular, the effectiveness of using an interpreter as a mediator in giving site instructions
to foreign construction workers is examined. In this context, the term “interpreter” refers to a person who is also a foreign worker
but is responsible for giving instructions to other foreign workers. In order to test the hypothesis that inaccurate information during
handover may affect project progress, an online survey was distributed to various construction companies in Malaysia. The
respondents (civil engineers) from different states in Malaysia were asked to answer questions related to the issues in this research.
The findings revealed that several companies have concerns about timely project completion, especially when they rely on foreign
workers as interpreters to convey instructions at the construction site. These findings suggest that foreign workers (interpreters and
intermediaries) need to be adequately trained, especially in the handling of important information that, if passed on incorrectly,
could jeopardize meeting project deadlines. On this basis, adequate communication courses for interpreters should be provided
before the start of a project.
Keywords: Interpreter, Mediator. Communication, Language barrier

THE EFFECTS OF DOUBLE MAJOR DEGREE IN THE CHARACTERISTIC OF
GRADUATE’S TALENT IN MALAYSIA’S LEGAL PROFESSION

M.Y. Kamal(a)*, Z.M. Lukman(b), M.R. Qurratul(c)

(a) Minds Intellectual Academy, Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia, [email protected]
(b) Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia, [email protected]

(c) Asikin, Ain, Firah & Co, Pinnacle, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia, [email protected]

ABSTRACT
COVID-19 has recently given challenging time to all institutions especially higher education. The scenario has formally changed
from conventionally pedagogies towards the introduction of digital platform in teaching and learning in ensuring the university
sustainability. The sudden transition in educational industry has pushed the university to diversify the double degree major offered
in attracting local or international students to opt in. Many research had discovered the advantages of double major degree towards
university but it limits towards graduates’ talent’s characteristic. Hence, the aim of this research is to investigate the effects of
double major degree in the characteristics of graduate’s talent in Malaysia. The research was conducted qualitatively towards legal
profession industry with the involvement of 18 law graduates who completed the double major law degree offered by the university.
The outcome of this research showed that the double major law degree had developed five main characteristics which were
multitasking, adaptability, emotional intelligence, analytical skills and knowledgeable. These five main areas of talent characteristic
development, suit the demand in legal professional industry to produce well-rounded graduates in legal profession. As for the
recommendation, it gives an opportunity to the university to benchmark the outcome of this research in re-formulating the policies
and regulation towards offering double major degree on other courses.
Keywords: double degree, talent, legal profession, characteristic

ES: EDUCATION & SOCIAL SCIENCES

THE UNSPEAKABLE MENTAL HEALTH IMPACTS OF STREET HARASSMENT
AMONG WOMEN IN SELANGOR

Nor Zakiah Ismaila, Latifah Abd Latibb, Munirah Iliasc Kavitha Sri Annathuraid

a, Faculty of Communication, Visual Art and Computing Universiti Selangor, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
[email protected],

ABSTRACT
In recent years, women have regularly faced sexual harassment and violence in their everyday lives and that put them in dilemma
whether or not to disclose it with trustable people around them. However, the most prevalent sexual harassment such as street
harassment is too often ignored and treated as a simple and biological aspect of life that women have to accept such as starring,
wolf slander, stalking and sexual suggestive attitudes. Therefore, a quantitative survey involving 385 women has been conducted
to explore the unspeakable mental health impacts of street harassment among women. The analysis highlighted that all types of
street harassment have a significant value on the victim's mental health. Therefore, this study will give insight on the mental health
condition when dealing with street harassment and guidance in managing the effective action and strategies to prevent street
harassment among women.
Keywords: Street harassment, Mental health, Disclosure dilemma, Social responsibility.

EXTERNAL QUALITY ASSURANCE: DOES IT INFLUENCE HUMAN RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AT OMAN PRIVATE HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS?

Ali Salim Al Balushi (a)*, & Kamisah Supian(b)

(a) Faculty of Business and Accountancy, Universiti Selangor, Selangor, Malaysia
[email protected]

(b) Faculty of Business and Accountancy, Universiti Selangor, Selangor, Malaysia
[email protected]

ABSTRACT
This paper is intended to examine the effects of External Quality Assurance (EQA) on Human Resource Management Practices
(HRMPs) at the Private Higher Education Institutions (PHEIs) in Oman. Higher education in Oman has received unrivalled
attention from the government. This matter is true for both public and private higher education. The quality of all work related to
higher education is a mandatory requirement. Hence, all higher education institutions (HEIs) are required to maintain quality in
their strategies and operations. The EQA has been developed and nowadays is considered as an important tool to evaluate quality
at HEIs. The HRMPs is one of the sensitive issues which are vital to the organization and the staff. Therefore, it is crucial to
strengthen the HRMPs as the staff are the backbone of any organization. Consequently, staff satisfaction is essential to enhance
their performance and, ultimately, the organization performance. This study uses the qualitative design approach. Secondary data
is used to gather the information, including the Quality Audit (QA) and Institutional Assessment Outcomes Reports from
Institutional Standards Assessment (ISA) Accreditation Stages 1and 2 reports. The study is an essential step towards a sound
understanding of the HRMPs atmosphere at Oman PHEIs as this field has not got enough attention from researchers. The study
shows that the PHEIs in Oman have to be more proactive in providing the essential services for their staff through the HRMPs.
Keywords: External Quality Assurance, Higher Education Institution, Human Resource Management Practices, Private Higher
Education Institution

ES: EDUCATION & SOCIAL SCIENCES

DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN CAPITAL THROUGH DAKWAH -BASED FILMS: AN
ANALYSIS OF FILM MUNAFIK 1

Wan Yusnee Abdullaha, Dr Hajar bin Opirb & Ezatul Emilia Muhammad Arifc

a, Centre for Foundation and General Studies
Universiti Selangor,40000 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia [email protected]

bAcademy of Contemporary Islamic Studies
Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia [email protected]

c Faculty of Accountancy and Management
Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia [email protected]

ABSTRACT
The development of human capital is an important component in the process of producing a competent yet competitive generation.
This was embodied under the quality education cluster of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Films play an important
role as an educational platform that orientate values through the development of holistic characteristics. Although, it is realised that
there is lack of dakwah concept in film making among artists in the respective industry. Hence, this research aimed to analyse the
influence of dakwah based film towards a holistic development of human capital. This research will analyse the content of a film
using a qualitative approach. Findings from the study were analyzed through the integrated usage of CAVDI-xpro and ATLAS.ti
methods. Result attained from this research had shown that films do have significant influence towards the development of human
capital in terms of believe, moral values, dress, character building and characteristics.
Keywords: development, human capital, dakwah- based films, Munafik 1.

THE IMPACT OF THE FACTOR OF RACE ON THE TOLERANCE OF A MULTICULTURAL
SOCIETY IN MALAYSIA

Dziauddin Sharifa, Khairul Azhar Meeranganib, Mohd Sufiean Hassanc, Mohammad Fahmi Abdul
Hamidd, Abdul Qayuum Abdul Razake & Muaz Mohd Noorf

a,b,d,e,f Academy of Contemporary Islamic Studies Universiti Teknologi MARA, 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
cFaculty of Communication and Media Studies
Universiti Teknologi MARA, 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Malaysia is a country where people of diverse ethnicity and religion live together in a society for so long, establishing a unique
multicultural identity. Nevertheless, the efforts to maintain the harmonious atmosphere is not easy, there are challenges especially
in the Industrial Revolution (IR4.0) era, where the development in information and communication technology (ICT) platforms
grows rapidly. Some of the digital media facilities offered are not utilised for their intended purpose, instead, they are now used as
provocative instruments. Unfortunately, freedom of speech and expression are misinterpreted, leading to ethnic and religion slurs,
as well as incitement to hatred. Thus, this study aims to analyse the impact of race’s factor on the tolerance of multicultural society
in Malaysia. The study used a survey design by adopting the quantitative method. The set of online questionnaires (Google Form)
was distributed to 260 respondents, and the data obtained were subject to inferential analysis using ANCOVA. The study findings
concluded significant impact of race factor’s on the tolerance of multicultural society in Malaysia. Results indicated that Borneo
(M = 2.85, SD = 0.426) showed more racial tolerant, followed by Others (M = 2.75, SD = 0.614), Indian (M = 2.73, SD = 0.553),
Malay (M = 2.66, SD = 0.498) and Chinese (M = 2.52, SD = 0.635). Understanding on cultural and religious diversity is very
important in producing a harmonious and tolerant society. The nature of mutual understanding in every citizen is able to create a
society that respects, united and tolerates each other.
Keywords: Race, Tolerance, Harmony, Social Media, Plural Society

ES: EDUCATION & SOCIAL SCIENCES

FOSTERING ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF PRIVATE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS THROUGH
MENTORING PROGRAMME

Kastina Yusof (a)*, Norliana Ahmad Shah (b), Reeny Karlina Abdul Rauf (c)

(a) Faculty of Business and Accountancy, Universiti Selangor, Jalan Zirkon A 7/A, Seksyen 7, 40000 Shah Alam, Selangor,
Malaysia, [email protected], 0000-0002-5585-0315

(b) Faculty of Business and Accountancy, Universiti Selangor, Selangor, Malaysia, [email protected], 0000-0000-0003-
1107-7276

(c) Faculty of Business and Accountancy, Universiti Selangor, Selangor, Malaysia, [email protected], 0000-0000-0003-
0600-2739

ABSTRACT
Mentoring programme that involves mentors and mentees is a creative approach to help mentees strengthen their learning and
leadership skills, fostering their academic performance and inspiring them to develop their future careers. The aim of mentoring
program is basically to assist students in developing their learning environment to the maximum which can help to improve their
academic performance. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to evaluate the influence of mentoring program towards students’
academic performance in private university. It was a cross-sectional study involving 211 students. A self-administered
questionnaire consisting of demographic details, general perceptions on mentoring program, academic support, and mentor’s
characteristics was distributed. The data was analysed using the SPSS software. The results of the study showed that respondents
agreed that mentee’s perceptions, mentor’s characteristics and academic support have significant relationship with students’
academic performance. However, the study revealed that only mentee’s perception and mentor’s characteristics contributed to the
prediction of the influence on students’ academic performance. Therefore, the study concludes that mentee’s perceptions and
mentor’s characteristics are the key successful factors of the mentoring programme in fostering students’ academic performance.
Keywords: Academic performance, mentee, mentor, mentoring programme

THE PERCEPTION OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS AND TEACHERS ON
FLIPPED CLASSROOM IN ONLINE LEARNING

Abhirahmih Rajan1, Mohd Mustafa Izahar2, Ann Sofee Razali3
1,2Faculty of Education and Social Science (FESS),

Universiti Selangor, Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
[email protected], [email protected]

3Centre for Foundation and General Studies (CFGS),
Universiti Selangor, Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia

[email protected]

ABSTRACT

This study presents quantitative correlational research on the perception of secondary school students and teachers from
different secondary schools in Malaysia to examine the benefits and challenges of Flipped classroom technique online. A
sample of 100 respondents with 50 students and 50 teachers were selected to answer the questionnaires designed
respectively. The previous studies show that this method encourages active engagement compared to a traditional classroom
and produces a self-directed learner. According to the research findings, 26% of students agree that flipped classrooms are
more interesting than conventional ones. In addition, the teachers also agreed that the students are showing an active
engagement in the Flipped classroom online as it is more self-directed learning. There are particular challenges in this model
where 52% of the students revealed that it is not convenient to use this technique in online learning. Nevertheless, 20% of
teachers agreed that the students provide their total commitments to engage in flipped classroom techniques despite the
limitation of being involved in online learning. The study concluded that this method is not convenient in online learning.
Still, it trains the students to have a balanced interaction with the teacher. It also teaches them to gain more self-confidence
to adapt to tertiary education, preparing them for future education. Compared to traditional classrooms, the flipped
classroom model encourages students to actively participate in the flipped classroom, which develops the quality of
education.
Keywords: Flipped classroom, online learning, engagement, self-directed learning.