TANYA PENYAKIT IBD DAN PULLORUM FORUM PEMBACA
Saya ingin bertanya terkait Apa saja penyebab penyakit pullorum pada ayam?
penyakit IBD. Berapa masa
inkubasi penyakit IBD? (Yayuk, Purwakarta)
(Darmawan, Tangerang Selatan) Penyakit pullorum merupakan penyakit menular pada ayam yang
menimbulkan kerugian ekonomi yang besar, menyebabkan kematian
Terima kasih atas pertanyaannya. yang sangat tinggi terutama pada anak ayam umur 1-10 hari. Penyebab
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) penyakit adalah Salmonella pullorum yang ditemukan oleh Rettger di
merupakan penyakit menular akut Amerika pada 1899.
pada ayam berumur muda, ditandai
dengan peradangan hebat bursa Pengaruh lingkungan: Faktor-faktor predisposisi seperti udara kotor,
fabrisius dan bersifat imunosupresif sistem sanitasi yang tidak serasi, penyediaan makanan yang tidak baik dan
yaitu lumpuhnya sistem pertahanan dan penyakit-penyakit lain pada waktu yang bersamaan.
tubuh ayam, mengakibatkan turunnya
respon ayam terhadap vaksinasi dan Pencegahan diutamakan pada sanitasi dan tata laksana, dalam hal ini
ayam menjadi lebih peka terhadap perlu diperhatikan hal-hal seperti berikut:
patogen lainnya. - Sebelum kandang dipakai harus dibersihkan dan dilabur dengan kapur
Kerugian ekonomi yang diakibatkan atau disemprot dengan salah satu diantara NaOH 2%, formalin1-2%
cukup besar karena menyerang anak Giocide atau difumigasi dengan campuran formalin dan KMn04. Bila
ayam berumur muda (kurang dari tiga memakai litter, harus diusahakan agar tetap kering dan tetap dijaga
minggu) dengan tingkat morbiditas dan kebersihan serta ventilasi yang baik. Selain itu, kandang hendaknya
mortalitas tinggi. selalu terkena sinar matahari dan diusahakan bebas dari hewan-hewan
yang dapat memindahkan penyakit pullorum.
Masa inkubasi penyakit - Membersihkan selalu halaman, tempat pakan dan hindari dari sisa pakan.
berlangsung antara 2-3 hari. Ayam - Melaksanakan pengujian pullorum, terutama pada perusahaan
yang terserang ditandai dengan gejala pembibitan. Pengujian pullorum dilakukan minimal dua kali berturut-turut
depresi, nafsu makan menurun, lemah, dengan selang waktu 35 hari. Selanjutnya secara teratur diadakan pengujian
gemetar, sesak napas, bulu berdiri dan dua kali setahun.
kotor terutama bulu di daerah perut - Perusahaan penetasan dilakukan fumigasi dan disinfektan dari mesin
dan dubur, selanjutnya diikuti dengan penetas, alat-alat lainnya secara rutin fumigasi sebaiknya dilakukan dua
diare, feses berwarna putih kapur dan kali selama satu masa penetasan, yaitu sebelum memasukkan telur dan
kematian yang terjadi akibat dehidrasi. hari ke-20, 21 dengan memakai campuran pottasium permanganate
crystal, formalin 40% dalam perbandingan berat 1:2. ***
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ABSTRACT THE 5TH ILDEX INDONESIA, ATTENDED BY HUNDREDS antimicrobials, monitoring the amount of antimicrobials used in animals
PARTICIPANTS FROM 25 COUNTRIES and high levels of awareness play an important role in combating AMR.
The fifth International Livestock, Dairy, Meat Processing and Meanwhile, FAO Representative for Indonesia and Timor Leste, Rajendra
Aquaculture Exposition Indonesia (ILDEX) was officially held on 9-11 Aryal, stated that FAO would continue to support the Indonesian government
November 2022, at Hall 3A Indonesia Convention Exhibition (ICE) BSD in efforts to control AMR using the one health approach with support from the
City. A total of 117 participants from 25 countries participated in this United States Agency for International Development (USAID).
international exhibition.
TOXIC COMPOUNDS IN FEED
“This year is the 5th ILDEX since it was first held in 2013. ILDEX is
the only comprehensive livestock exhibition in Indonesia initiated by Sources of animal feed ingredients are generally obtained from
FMPI in collaboration with VNU Asia Pacific and supported by Indonesian agricultural products, livestock and fisheries. These materials are
livestock stakeholders and associations,” said the Main Director of PT produced directly from crops or processing results in the form of by-
Permata Kreasi Media, Drh Widiyanto Dwi Surya, as ILDEX organizer at products or agricultural and industrial waste processing. Because many
the Opening Ceremony, Wednesday (9/11). of these are plant products, various toxic compounds can be found in the
feed ingredients, known in English as toxicants.
He revealed, this year’s ILDEX was attended by as many as 5,000
visitors and presented 37 seminar topics, with 61 international and In this case it is necessary to distinguish between toxicants and
national speakers. “ILDEX is expected to become a promotional event poisons, poison compounds are generally poisons that can kill animals
and meet global livestock actors as a means of exchanging information in small amounts, but toxicants are compounds which when given to
and technology, to the livestock business,” he said. livestock can affect the growth or health of animals but not to the point
of being lethal, except for over doses. Toxicants can also be known as
While added Managing Director of VNU Asia Pacific, Igor Palka, anti-nutritional factors which inhibit the digestion of feed ingredients or
“At ILDEX Indonesia we carry out and internationalize trade shows and the absorption of nutrients in the digestive tract or have a negative effect
conferences from animal production and processing to technology, from on the body’s metabolism.
agriculture to innovation and from pets to the medical and laboratory
sectors. We apply his concepts and know-how across industries and In this and subsequent papers, we will focus on discussing toxicant
across all Asian countries. Through our international network and global compounds that are commonly found in feed ingredients. More thorough
reach, we are building and expanding the market in Indonesia to meet information can be read in a book written by Peter R. Cheeke from the
the demands of the country and society.” University of Oregon, USA or other similar books.
In addition, ILDEX is also a vehicle for promoting programs to improve Toxic sources (toxicants) in feed ingredients can be natural
the health and intelligence of the nation’s children through nutrition compounds contained in plants or animals, but can also be produced as
campaigns and increased consumption of animal protein. pollution when feed ingredients are produced or processed. For example,
a common toxicant found in soybeans is anti-trypsin (trypsin inhibitor),
“Because the livestock sector plays a strategic role, especially in food the aflatoxin compound in corn is not produced by the corn plant itself,
security in building children’s intelligence through consumption of animal but due to the growth of mold or fungus which produces aflatoxin
protein,” said the Regent of Tangerang, Ahmed Zaki Iskandar, who was metabolites in its growth.
also present to give a speech.
Heavy metal compounds often enter plants or fish or animals,
Because, he continued, if this momentum is not utilized properly, it because they are grown or reared in land/water conditions that contain
could become a problem in building the nation’s next generation towards heavy metals in them. For example, fish reared in ponds contaminated
the 2045 Golden Generation. “It is hoped that ILDEX can motivate and with mercury will produce contaminated fish meal.
encourage breeders to be able to produce quality products, so that
efforts to fulfill people’s consumption of animal protein can be achieved Another story is the case of selenium in the mid-19th century,
at affordable prices,” said Ahmed. namely the poisoning of sheep raised in pastures with high selenium
content. This is because the grass that grows contains high amounts of
Similar expectations were also conveyed by the Director General selenium and when consumed by sheep causes poisoning in livestock.
of Livestock and Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Nasrullah.
“Hopefully at ILDEX, what is something for our society can be shown. ASOHI’S LIVESTOCK BUSINESS OUTLOOK, STEPPING TO
This event is a meeting place for stakeholders, of course, a very good FACE GLOBAL UNCERTAINTY
momentum to build communication and business opportunities in
Indonesia so that it can move forward. This event is also a momentum “Stepping to Face of Global Uncertainty” was the theme raised at
to prove that Indonesia’s livestock sector is getting better, as well as the 2023 Livestock Business Outlook National Seminar organized by the
responding to the challenges that exist in our livestock sector.” Indonesian Veterinary Medicine Association (ASOHI), Tuesday (22/11), at
Tower 165, South Jakarta.
MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, WOAH & FAO DECLARATION
TO PREVENT ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE “Today we can meet in person, it is a reunion for all of us because it
has been more than two years that we have not been able to meet face
The Ministry of Agriculture together with the World Organization of to face. At this seminar, we want to find out whether our industry is in
Animal Health (WOAH), the Food and Agriculture Agency (FAO) together uncertainty or is it certain?,” said the Chairperson of ASOHI, Drh Irawati
with the poultry and pharmaceutical industries in Indonesia declared Fari in her remarks.
concrete steps to prevent antimicrobial resistance or Antimicrobial
Resistance (AMR) in Indonesia. She also added, “Therefore we must remain optimistic, because
our industry as a producer of animal protein is very important, we must
The declaration was held on Tuesday (22/11), which was also part unite and be committed to increasing animal protein which will also
of the talk show on Antimicrobial Resistance Control from an Industry have an impact on our business. Hopefully in the future the situation
Perspective (Commercial Poultry and Veterinary Medicine). This talkshow will continue to improve and the livestock business will also continue to
was held to commemorate World Antimicrobial Awareness Week develop rapidly, according to the government’s motto: Recover Faster,
(WAAW), which falls on 18-24 November 2022. Rise Stronger.”
The Director General of Livestock and Animal Health of the Ministry Apart from focusing on increasing animal protein, concern for animal
of Agriculture, Nasrullah, in his remarks stated. “This declaration is a health must also continue to be increased, bearing in mind that various
form of commitment and is a concrete step of industry support for the incidents of infectious animal diseases have recently appeared in the country.
National Action Plan for Antimicrobial Resistance Control 2020-2024.”
“The occurrence of disease outbreaks also requires us to be alert.
The poultry and pharmaceutical industries that signed the We realize that with the globalization of trade and information, the
declaration included PT Charoen Pokphand Indonesia, PT Japfa Comfeed unstoppable flow of traffic is a risk of entry and spread of animal diseases,
Indonesia Tbk, PT Medion Farma Jaya, PT Satya Samitra Niagatama, PT such as those that spread yesterday, including ASF, LSF and FMD,” said the
Agrinusa Jaya Santosa and PT Elanco Animal Health Indonesia. Director General of Livestock and Animal Health, represented by Acting
Directorate of Animal Health, Drh Ira Firgorita.
The six companies will participate in inviting other companies to be
committed to addressing AMR issues. “As a follow-up to this declaration, we “With the large potential for disease to enter, we must learn from
hope that the industrial sector can be directly involved in the preparation experience. In 2022 there will indeed be many tests of disease, can the
and implementation of AMR policies in the future,” said Nasrullah. livestock sector still continue to grow? Hopefully this discussion will
answer that.”
On the same occasion, Deputy for Coordinating Health Quality
Improvement and Population Development, Coordinating Ministry for Therefore, by holding this livestock business outlook seminar, she
Human Development and Culture, drg Agus Suprapto M.Kes, stated that really appreciates ASOHI. “Thank you to ASOHI for consistently holding
private commitment is important in achieving a reduction in the use of this seminar to produce useful formulations to face challenges in the
antimicrobials in broiler chicken farms due to prophylaxis. coming year,” she said.
According to him, the livestock industry is expected to implement Still similar to the previous seminars, this seminar again presented
compartmentalization, meet the Veterinary Control Number (NKV) speakers at the first session including from the Association of Poultry
requirements for laying hens and contribute to AMR/AMU surveillance. Breeding Companies (GPPU), the Association of Animal Feed Companies
“This is to ensure the quality of animal protein products is safe from (GPMT), the Association of Indonesian People’s Poultry (Pinsar) and the
antimicrobial resistance, so that children can grow healthy and smart, Indonesian Monogastric Association (AMI). While the second session
and avoid stunting,” he said. featured seminars from the Indonesian Sheep Goat Breeders Association
(HPDKI), the Indonesian Cattle and Buffalo Breeders Association (PPSKI)
WOAH Sub-Regional Representative for Southeast Asia, Dr Ronello and ASOHI. Also presenting guest speaker Dr. Ir Rizal Ramli MA as an
C. Abila, said increasing the practice of responsible and judicious use of economic expert. ***
102 EDISI 341 - DESEMBER 2022