Learning Graphic Design & Illustration

Creating an Illustration with the Drawing Tools Lesson 19 Discussion Topic

That line is called the Pen tool preview (or Rubber Band). Later, as you create Note: If the path looks curved, What do you have to do to let the Pen
curved paths, it will make drawing them easier because it is a preview of what you have accidentally dragged tool know you’re finished using it?
the path will look like. with the Pen tool; choose Edit >
Undo Pen, and then click again TEACHING TIPS
8. Position the pointer down and to the right of the original point, and click to cre- without dragging.
ate the next anchor point in the path. This might be a good time for students
to memorize a keyboard shortcut for
Click more points to create the zigzag line. Corner point Select > Deselect—if they haven’t already.
An anchor point that creates an Distinguish a Corner point, which creates
9. Click a third anchor point beneath the initial anchor point to begin creating a angle. an angle, from a Smooth point, which
zigzag pattern. Create a zigzag that has a total of six anchor points, which means connects two curves.
you will click the artboard three more times. Note: You can also drag across
a path to select it with the REVIEW THE
One of the many benefits of using the Pen tool is that you can create custom Selection tool. VOCABULARY
paths and continue to edit the anchor points that make up the path. Notice that
only the last anchor point is filled (not hollow like the rest of the anchor points), Corner point An anchor point that creates
indicating that it is selected. an angle.

10. Choose Select > Deselect.

Selecting Paths

The type of anchor points you created in the previous section are called corner
points. Corner points are not smooth like a curve; rather, they create an angle where
the anchor point is. Now that you can create corner points, you will move on to add-
ing other types of points such as smooth points to create curves in a path. But first,
you will learn a few more techniques for selecting paths.

Back in Lesson 15, “Techniques for Selecting Artwork,” you were introduced to
selecting content with the Selection and Direct Selection tools. Next, you’ll explore a
few more options for selecting artwork with those same Selection tools.

Try It!

1. Select the Selection tool ( ) in the Tools panel, and position the pointer directly
over a straight line in the zigzag path. When the pointer shows a solid black box
( ) next to it, click.

This selects the path and all of the anchor points. You can tell the anchor points
are selected because they become filled.

Move the path.

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LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION 443

TEACHING TIPS Lesson 19 Creating an Illustration with the Drawing Tools

Point out that the zigzag you’ve created Note: If the Pen tool ( ) were still 2. Position the pointer over one of the straight lines in the path. When the pointer
is a combination of straight paths and selected, you could Command- changes ( ), drag to a new location anywhere on the artboard. All the anchor
anchor points. The Selection tool selects click (Mac OS) or Ctrl-click points travel together, maintaining the zigzag path.
the entire zigzag, while the Direct selec- (Windows) in a blank area of the
tion tool selects whichever component of artboard to deselect the path. This 3. Deselect the zigzag path in one of the following ways:
the zigzag you point to. temporarily selects a Selection • With the Selection tool, click an empty area of the artboard.
tool. When you release the Ctrl • Choose Select > Deselect.
Notice how the zigzag transforms or Command key, the Pen tool is
depending on whether you direct select a selected again. 4. In the Tools panel, select the Direct Selection tool ( ). Position the pointer over
path or an anchor point. a straight line in the path, and when the pointer changes ( ), click the path to
reveal all of the anchor points.
You just selected the line segment (path). If you were to press Backspace or De-
lete (don’t), only that portion of the zigzag path would be removed.

Note: When you position the Selecting a segment.
pointer over a line segment that
is not already selected, a black, 5. Position the pointer over one of the anchor points and the anchor point will be-
solid square appears next to the come a little larger than the others, and the pointer will show a small box with a
Direct Selection tool pointer, dot in the center ( ) next to it (the figure shows this). Both of these indicate that
indicating that you will select a if you click, you will select the anchor point. Click to select the anchor point, and
line segment. the selected anchor point is filled (looks solid), whereas the deselected anchor
points are still hollow.

Note: If the entire zigzag path Selecting an anchor point.
disappears, choose Edit > Undo
Cut and try again. 6. Drag the anchor point to the left a bit to reposition it.
The anchor point moves, but the others remain stationary. This is one method
for editing a path, as you saw in Lesson 15.

7. Click in a blank area of the artboard to deselect.

8. Position the Direct Selection pointer over a straight line segment in the middle of
the zigzag shape. When the pointer changes ( ), click to select. Choose Edit >
Cut. This cuts only the selected segment from the zigzag.

9. Select the Pen tool ( ), and position the pointer over one of the end anchor
points that was connected to the line segment that was cut. Notice that the
Pen tool shows a forward slash ( ), indicating that if you click, you will continue
drawing from that anchor point. Click the point.

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444 LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION

Creating an Illustration with the Drawing Tools Lesson 19 Discussion Topic

Select the anchor point. What happens when you draw a line with
the Pen tool while you’re holding down
10. Position the pointer over the other anchor point that was connected to the cut the Shift key?
line segment. The pointer now shows a merge symbol next to it ( ), indicating
that you are connecting to another path. Click the point to reconnect the paths. TEACHING TIP

If the Smart Guides distract you, turn
them off.

Draw the new segment and merge it. Note: If Smart Guides are turned
off, you will need to press the
Drawing Straight Lines with the Pen Tool Shift key and click to create
constrained lines.
In previous lessons, you learned that using the Shift key as well as Smart Guides in com-
bination with shape tools constrains the shape of objects. The Shift key and Smart Guides Note: The points you set don’t
can also constrain paths drawn with the Pen tool to create straight paths in angles of 45°. have to be in exactly the same
Next, you will learn how to draw straight lines and constrain angles as you draw. position as the path at the
top of the artboard. Also, the
Try It! measurement you see in your
measurement label may not
1. Choose 2 from the Artboard Navigation menu in the lower-left corner of the match what you see in the figure,
Document window. and that’s okay.

2. Choose View > Smart Guides to turn on the Smart Guides.

3. With the Pen tool ( ) selected, in the area labeled Work Area, click where the
blue “start” square is to set the first anchor point.
Don’t worry if the Smart Guides are attempting to “snap” the anchor point you
create to other content on the artboard, making it difficult to click directly on the
“start” square. This is expected behavior and is sometimes why you might turn off
the Smart Guides when drawing.

4. Move the pointer to the right of the original anchor point approximately 1.5 in,
as indicated by the measurement label. It doesn’t have to be exact. A magenta
alignment guide appears when the pointer is vertically aligned with the previous
anchor point. Click to set another anchor point.
As you’ve learned in previous lessons, the measurement label and alignment
guides are part of the Smart Guides. When working with the Pen tool, you can
achieve finer measurements in the measurement labels when you zoom in.

5. Click to set three more points, following the same generic shape as shown in the
top half of the artboard. The new points are labeled 1, 2, and 3 in the figure.

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LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION 445

REVIEW THE Lesson 19 Creating an Illustration with the Drawing Tools
VOCABULARY
The magenta alignment guides that appear as you draw can be helpful for aligning
Smooth point An anchor point with points. Sometimes they align to content that you don’t necessarily want to align to.
direction handles for defining the shape
of the curve. Add three more points.

TEACHING TIP 6. Press the Shift key, and move the pointer to the right and down. When the mea-
surement label shows approximately 2 in, click to set an anchor point, and then
Pierre Bézier (bez yay) (1919-1999) was release the modifier key.
a French mathematician and engineer. Notice that the new anchor point may not be where you clicked. That’s because
He worked at the Renault car company the line has been constrained to 45°. Pressing the Shift key creates angled lines
and used what became known as Bézier constrained to 45°.
curves to design automobile bodies. He
was a leader in transforming design and 7. Position the pointer below the last point, and click to set the last anchor point for
manufacturing through the use of com- the shape (circled in the figure).
puter-aided design. Encourage interested
students to Google Bézier or look for The finished series of line segments.
Bézier curve videos on You Tube.
8. Choose View > Smart Guides to turn them off.
Smooth point
9. Choose Select > Deselect, and then choose File > Save.
An anchor point with direction
handles for defining the shape of Introducing Curved Paths
the curve.
In this part of the lesson, you’ll learn how to draw smooth, curved lines with the Pen
tool. In vector drawing applications such as Illustrator, you can draw a curve, called
a Bezier curve, with anchor points and direction handles. By setting anchor points
and dragging direction handles, you can define the shape of the curve. This type of
anchor point, with direction handles, is called a smooth point. Although drawing
curves this way can take some time to learn, it gives you some of the greatest control
and flexibility in creating paths.
The goal for this exercise is not to create anything specific but to get accustomed
to the feel of creating Bezier curves. First, you’ll just get the feel for how to create a
curved path.

Try It!

1. Choose 3 from the Artboard Navigation menu in the lower-left corner of the
Document window. You will draw in the area labeled “Practice.”

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446 LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION

Creating an Illustration with the Drawing Tools Lesson 19 REVIEW THE
VOCABULARY
Smooth Points vs. Corner Points
Direction handles Direction lines from an
Paths can have two kinds of anchor points: anchor point that end in round direction
corner points and smooth points. At a corner point, a points and are used to set a curve’s size
path abruptly changes direction. At a smooth point, path and shape.
segments are connected as a
continuous curve. TEACHING TIP

—From Illustrator Help Encourage students to complete practice
exercise on artboard 3 several times, and
2. Select the Zoom tool ( ) in the Tools panel, and click twice in the bottom half of Direction handles experiment with the direction handles and
the artboard to zoom in. the effect they have on the curve they
Direction lines from an anchor control. The Pen tool and its Direction
3. Select the Pen tool ( ) in the Tools panel. In the Control panel, make sure that point that end in round direction handles are all about feel, and it can take
the Fill color is None ( ) and the Stroke color is Black. Also, make sure the Stroke points and are used to set a some practice to develop that feel.
weight is still 1 pt in the Control panel. curve’s size and shape.

4. With the Pen tool selected, click in a blank area of the artboard to create a start-
ing anchor point.

5. Move the pointer away from the original point you created, and drag away from
the point to create a curved path.

Notice that as you drag away from the point, direction handles appear. The angle
and length of the direction handles determine the shape and size of the curve. Di-
rection handles do not print and are not visible when the anchor point is inactive.

Use the direction handle to set the curve’s size and shape.

6. Move the pointer away from the anchor point you just created to see the rubber
banding. Move the pointer around a bit to see how it changes.

Create additional curved segments.

7. Continue clicking and dragging in different areas to create a series of points.
8. Choose Select > Deselect. Leave the file open for the next section.

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LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION 447

Discussion Topic Lesson 19 Creating an Illustration with the Drawing Tools

What’s the difference between an Anchor
point and a Direction point?

Components of a Path A BCD

As you draw, you create a line called a path. A A. Line segment
path is made up of one or more straight or curved B. Anchor point
segments. The beginning and end of each segment C. Direction line
is marked by anchor points, which work like pins D. Direction point
holding a wire in place. A path can be closed (for
example, a circle) or open, with distinct endpoints
(for example, a wavy line). You change the shape of
a path by dragging its anchor points, the direction
points at the end of direction lines that appear at
anchor points, or the path segment itself.

—From Illustrator Help

Note: The artboard may scroll Drawing a Curve with the Pen Tool
as you drag. If you lose visibility
of the curve, choose View > In this part of the lesson, you’ll use what you just learned about drawing curves to
Zoom Out until you see the trace a curved shape with the Pen tool.
curve and anchor point. Pressing
the spacebar allows you to use Try It!
the Hand tool to reposition the
artwork. 1. Press the spacebar to temporarily select the Hand tool ( ), and drag down until
you see the curve at the top of the current artboard (on Artboard 3).

2. Select the Pen tool ( ) in the Tools panel. Drag from the “start” square, up to the
gold dot, and then release the mouse button.

Drag from the first anchor point . . .

This creates a direction line going in the same direction as the path. Up to this
point, you’ve started your paths by simply clicking to create an anchor point, not
dragging, as you did in this step. To create a more “curved” path, dragging out
direction lines on the very first anchor point can be helpful.

. . . and then the second one.
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448 LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION

Creating an Illustration with the Drawing Tools Lesson 19 Discussion Topic

3. Click the black point on the right side of the arch and drag down. Release the What happens to a curve when you pull a
mouse button when the pointer reaches the gold dot and the path you are really long direction handle from it?
creating follows the arch.
Note: Pulling the direction
If the path you created is not aligned exactly with the template, select the Direct handle longer makes a steeper
Selection tool ( ), and select the anchor points one at a time to show the curve; when the direction handle
direction handles. You can then drag the ends of the direction handles until your is shorter, the curve is flatter.
path follows the template more accurately.
Note: While drawing with the
4. Select the Selection tool ( ), and click the artboard in an area with no objects, or Pen tool, to deselect objects,
choose Select > Deselect. you can press the Command
(Mac OS) or Ctrl (Windows) key
Deselecting the first path allows you to create a new path. If you click to temporarily switch to the
somewhere on the artboard with the Pen tool while the path is still selected, the Selection or Direct Selection
path connects to the next point you draw. tool, whichever was last used,
and then click the artboard
If you want to try drawing the curve for more practice, scroll down to the where there are no objects.
Practice area in the same artboard and trace the curve. Another way to end a path is to
press the Escape key when you
Drawing a Series of Curves with the Pen Tool are finished drawing.

Now that you’ve experimented with drawing a curve, you will draw a shape that con- Note: Don’t worry if the path
tains several continuous curves. you draw is not exact. You can
correct the line with the Direct
Try It! Selection tool ( ) when the path
is complete.
1. Choose 4 from the Artboard Navigation menu in the lower-left corner of the
Document window. Select the Zoom tool ( ), and click several times in the top
half of the artboard to zoom in.

2. In the Control panel, make sure that the Fill color is None ( ) and the Stroke
color is Black. Also, make sure the Stroke weight is still 1 pt in the Control panel.

3. Select the Pen tool ( ). Click the blue “start” square, and drag up in the direction
of the arch, stopping at the gold dot.

4. Position the pointer over the black square to the right, and click and drag down
to the gold dot, adjusting the first arch with the direction handle before you
release the mouse button.

Use the gold dots to guide you. Note: As you drag out the
direction handles for an anchor
You’ll find that you spend a lot of time focusing on the path segment behind point, you can press and hold
(before) the current anchor point you are creating. Remember, by default there the spacebar to reposition the
are two direction lines for a point. The previous direction line controls the shape anchor point. When the anchor
of the previous segment. point is where you want it,
release the spacebar.

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LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION 449

TEACHING TIPS Lesson 19 Creating an Illustration with the Drawing Tools

If time permits, encourage students to Note: For more information Keep dragging up and down to add more curves.
complete the exercise on artboard 4 at about these attributes, see
least twice, and experiment with stroke Lesson 20, “Using Color to 5. Continue along the path, alternating between dragging up and down. Put anchor
with and fill color in the process. They Enhance Signage.” points only where there are black squares (points) and finish with the red “end” point.
can also round their stroke end caps and If you make a mistake as you draw, you can undo your work by choosing Edit >
corners in the Stroke panel. Undo Pen and then draw the last point again. Note that your direction lines may
not match the figures, and that’s okay.
The practice activities on artboards 5 and
6 are likely to take several rounds of prac- 6. When the path is complete, select the Direct Selection tool, and click to select
tice. Encourage students to be patient an anchor point.
and give themselves time—this is difficult, When the anchor point is selected, the direction handles appear, and you can
delicate work with a notoriously difficult readjust the curve of the path if necessary. With a curve selected, you can also
tool. Experts say the Pen will be your best change the stroke and fill of the curve. When you do this, the next line you draw
friend if you take the time to learn it. will have the same attributes.
If you want to try drawing the shape again for more practice, scroll down to the bot-
tom half of the same artboard (labeled Practice) and trace the shape down there.

7. Choose Select > Deselect, and then choose File > Save.

Converting Smooth Points to Corner Points

When creating curves, the direction handles help to determine the shape and size
of the curved segments, as you’ve already seen. Removing the direction lines from
an anchor point can convert a smooth curve into a corner. In the next part of the les-
son, you will practice converting between smooth points and corner points.

Try It!

1. Choose 5 from the Artboard Navigation menu in the lower-left corner of the
Document window.
On the top of the artboard, you can see the path that you will trace. You will use
the top artboard as a template for the exercise, creating your paths directly on
top of those. Use the Practice section at the bottom of the artboard for addition-
al practice on your own.

2. In the top part of the artboard, use the Zoom tool ( ), and click several times to
zoom in.

3. In the Control panel, make sure that the Fill color is None ( ) and the Stroke
color is Black. Also, make sure the Stroke weight is still 1 pt in the Control panel.

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450 LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION

Creating an Illustration with the Drawing Tools Lesson 19 TEACHING TIP

4. Select the Pen tool ( ), and pressing the Shift key, click the blue “start” Remind students of the keyboard shortcut
square and drag up to the gold dot. Release the mouse button, and then release they can use to unto their last step.
the Shift key.
Note: After you draw a path,
Pressing the Shift key when dragging constrains the direction handles to you can also select single or
multiples of 45°. multiple anchor points and click
the Convert Selected Anchor
5. Click the next black anchor point to the right, and pressing the Shift key, drag Points To Corner button ( ) or
down to the red dot. When the curve looks correct, release the mouse button, Convert Selected Anchor Points
and then release the Shift key. Leave the path selected. To Smooth button
( ) in the Control panel.
Now you need the curve to switch directions and create another arch. You will
split the direction lines to convert a smooth point to a corner point.

6. Press the Option (Mac OS) or Alt (Windows) key, and position the pointer over
the last anchor point created. When a convert-point icon (^) appears next to the
Pen tool pointer ( ), click and drag a direction line up to the gold dot. Release
the mouse button, and then release the modifier key. If you do not see the caret,
you may create an additional loop.

The convert point icon appears with the pointer when you convert the anchor point.

You can also Option-drag (Mac OS) or Alt-drag (Windows) the end of the direc-
tion handle (called the direction point). An arrow is pointing to it in the first part
of the following figure. Either method “splits” the direction handles so they can
go in different directions.

The split direction handles can go in different directions.

7. Position the Pen tool pointer over the next (third) black square point on the tem-
plate path, and drag down to the red dot. Release the mouse button when the
path looks similar to the template path.

8. Press the Option (Mac OS) or Alt (Windows) key, and after the convert-point icon
(^) appears, position the pointer over the anchor point or direction point and drag
up to the gold dot. Release the mouse button, and then release the modifier key.

For the next (fourth) point, you will not release the mouse button to split the
direction handles, so pay close attention.

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LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION 451

Lesson 19 Creating an Illustration with the Drawing Tools

9. For the fourth anchor point, click the next black square on the template path,
and drag down to the red dot until the path looks correct. This time, do not
release the mouse button. Press the Option (Mac OS) or Alt (Windows) key, and
drag up to the gold dot for the next curve. Release the mouse button, and then
release the modifier key.

10. Continue this process using the Option (Mac OS) or Alt (Windows) key to create
corner points until the path is completed.

11. Use the Direct Selection tool to fine-tune the path, and then deselect the path.
If you want to try drawing the same shape for more practice, scroll down to the
Practice area in the same artboard and trace the shape down there.

Combining Curves and Straight Lines

Of course in the real world, when you draw with the Pen tool, you won’t just create
either curves or straight lines. In this next section, you’ll learn how to go from curves
to straight lines and from straight lines to curves.

Try It!

1. Choose 6 from the Artboard Navigation menu in the lower-left corner of the
Document window. Select the Zoom tool ( ), and click several times in the top
half of the artboard to zoom in.

2. Select the Pen tool ( ). Click the blue “start” square, and drag up. Release the
mouse button when the pointer reaches the gold dot.
Up to this point, you’ve been dragging to a gold or red dot in the templates. In
the real world those obviously won’t be there, so for the next point you will drag
to create a point without much template guidance. Don’t worry, you can always
choose Edit > Undo Pen and try again!

3. Drag down from the second anchor point, and release the mouse button when
the arch roughly matches the template. This method of creating a curve should
be familiar to you by now.
If you were to click the next black anchor point (don’t), even pressing the Shift
key (to produce a straight line), the path would be curved. The last point you
created is a smooth anchor point and has a direction handle after the point.
You will now continue the path as a straight line by removing the leading
direction handle.

4. Position the pointer over the last point created (notice that the convert-point
icon appears [^]), and click to delete the leading direction handle from the
anchor point, as shown in the figure.

Deleting the leading direction handle.

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452 LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION

Creating an Illustration with the Drawing Tools Lesson 19 TEACHING TIP

5. Press the Shift key, and click the next point in the template path to the right to Take a moment and analyze the bottom
set the next point, creating a straight segment. right image—the lesson end file—as a
class. What shapes to students see? What
Shift-click the next point to create the straight segment. about straight and curved paths?

6. For the next arch, position the pointer over the last point created (notice that the
convert-point icon appears [^]), and then drag down from that point to the gold
dot. This creates a new direction line.

Drag down to add a new direction line.

7. Click the next point, and drag up to complete the arch.

8. Click the last anchor point you just created to remove the direction line.

9. Shift-click the next point to create the second straight segment.

10. Click and drag up from the last point created to create a direction line, and then
click and drag down on the end point to create the final arch.
If you want to try drawing the same shape for more practice, scroll down to the
Practice area in the same artboard and trace the shape down there. Make sure
you deselect the previous artwork first.

11. Choose File > Save, and then choose File > Close.
Remember, you can always go back and work on those Pen tool templates in the
19Practice_End_xx.ai file as many times as you need. Take it as slow as you need
and practice, practice, practice.

Creating Artwork with the Pen Tool

Next, you’ll take what you’ve learned and create some Note: Don’t forget, you can
artwork to be used in your project. To start, you’ll draw a always undo a point you’ve
coffee cup, which combines curves and corners. Just drawn (Edit > Undo Pen) and
take your time as you practice with this shape, and use then try again.
the template guides provided to assist you in drawing it.

Try It!

1. Choose File > Open, navigate to the folder hold- You'll create this image in
ing the data files for this chapter, and double-click this lesson.
19Start.ai to open it.

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LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION 453

TEACHING TIP Lesson 19 Creating an Illustration with the Drawing Tools

Drawing a Coffee Cup on pages 454 2. Choose View > Fit All In Window.
through 457 is a complicated sequence
that involves 18 separate steps. Encourage 3. Choose File > Save As, navigate to the location where your instructor directs you
students to take their time, be patient with to save files for this chapter's projects, and rename the file 19End_xx.ai. Click
themselves, save frequently, and use the Save. In the Illustrator Options dialog box, leave the options set at the defaults,
undo keyboard shortcut to erase and redo and then click OK.
any steps as needed.
4. Choose 1 Main from the Artboard Navigation menu in the lower-left
corner of the Document window, if it’s not already chosen.

5. Choose View > Fit Artboard In Window.

6. Select the Zoom tool ( ), and zoom in to the
cup at the bottom of the artboard.

7. In the Layers panel, select the layer named
“Artwork” if it’s not already selected.

8. In the Control panel, make sure that the Fill color is
None ( ) and the Stroke color is Black. Also make
sure the Stroke weight is 1 pt in the Control panel.

Select the Artwork layer.

Drawing a Coffee Cup

Now that you have the file open and ready, you’re going to put to use some of the
Pen tool practice you did in previous sections, by drawing a coffee cup. This next
section has more than the average number of steps, so take your time.

Try It!

Note: You do not have to start 1. Select the Pen tool ( ), and drag from the blue A
at the blue square (point A) to square labeled “A” to the red dot above it to
draw this shape. You can set set the starting anchor point and direction of
anchor points for a path with the first curve.
the Pen tool in a clockwise or
counterclockwise direction. 2. Continue on, dragging from point B to the red L K
dot, to create the first curve.
Start the first curve at point A.
The next point you create will be a simple
corner point.

3. Position the pointer over the point C, and click to set a corner point.

CC

BB

Drag to create the direction line at B, then click C.
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454 LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION

Creating an Illustration with the Drawing Tools Lesson 19 TEACHING TIP

4. Press the Shift key, and click point D to create D Note: If you find that the path If at any point you click on a multi-tool
a straight line. you are drawing has a fill of button and don’t see the options beneath
EF white, part of the template it, save your document and try again.
5. Position the Pen tool pointer over point D Click at D to complete a straight line. may be hidden. You can always
again. When the convert-point icon ap- change the fill to None
pears [^] next to the pointer, drag down from ( ) for the path you are drawing.
that point to the red dot. This creates a new
direction line.

DD

E FE F

Adjust the direction line at point D. Note: You can also press
the Option+Shift (Mac OS)
As you draw with the Pen tool, you may want to edit a curve you previously drew or Alt+Shift (Windows) keys
without ending the path you are drawing. Pressing a modifier key with the Pen to constrain the handles to a
tool selected, you can position the pointer over a previous path segment and perpendicular direction, which
drag to modify it, which is what you’ll do next. ensures that the handles are the
6. Position the pointer over the path between points C and D, and press the Op- same length.
tion (Mac OS) or Alt (Windows) key. The pointer changes appearance ( ). Drag
the path down to make the path curved, like you see in the figure. Release the Note: After releasing the mouse
mouse button and then the key. Now, you can continue drawing the path. button in the previous step, if
you move the pointer away and
CD then bring it back to point E, the
convert-point icon [^] will appear
E next to the pointer.

B
Use a modifier key to change path appearance.

Dragging the path turns the path into a curve, rather than a straight line. This
adds direction handles to the top anchor points.
7. Position the pointer over point E. Notice that as you move the pointer, you can
see the Pen tool rubber banding, which means you are still drawing the path.
Click point E to create a corner point and release the mouse button.
8. With the Pen tool pointer over point E, click and drag up and to the right from
that point to the red dot. This creates a new direction line.

DD

E FE F

Create a new direction line at point E.

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LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION 455

Lesson 19 Creating an Illustration with the Drawing Tools

9. Continue drawing the point at F by dragging from the anchor point to the
red dot.

EF

Note: You could also create the Drag to create the direction line at point F.
point in this step by dragging
and releasing the mouse button For the next point, G, you will create another smooth point, but you will edit the
when the pointer reaches the red direction handles independently using a modifier key as you draw. For the next
dot. You could then position the step, don’t release the mouse button until you are told.
Pen tool icon over the anchor 10. Begin dragging from point G to the red dot. When the pointer reaches the red
point. When the convert-point dot, without letting go yet, press the Option (Mac OS) or Alt (Windows) key, and
icon (^) appears next to the continue dragging from the red dot to the gold dot to make just that one direc-
pointer, you could drag out a tion handle longer. When the pointer reaches the gold dot, release the mouse
new direction handle. button, and then release the key.

E FE F

H GH G

Increase the length of the direction handle.

Next, you’ll create a smooth point, and split the direction handles.

11. Continue drawing the point at H by first dragging from the anchor point to the
gold dot, and then pressing the Option (Mac OS) or Alt (Windows) key and drag-
ging from the gold dot to the red dot.

HH

II

Split the direction handles at point H.

12. Continue drawing the point at I by first dragging from the anchor point to the
gold dot and then pressing the Option (Mac OS) or Alt (Windows) key and drag-
ging from the gold dot to the red dot.

456 LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION

456 LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION

Creating an Illustration with the Drawing Tools Lesson 19 Discussion Topic

What new shortcut did you learn in
step #18?

HH

II

Draw the curve at point I.

13. Continue drawing the point at J by dragging  I
from the anchor point to the red dot.
KJ Note: If you press and hold the
14. Begin dragging from point K to the red dot. As Shift key before you click and
you drag, press the Shift key to constrain the Adjust the curve at point J. drag from a point, the point will
direction handles. When you reach the red dot, be aligned with the previous
release the mouse button and then the key. point. That’s not what you want
in this case.
15. Continue drawing the point at L by dragging
from the anchor point to the red dot. Note: When creating a closing
anchor point, you can press the
Next, you’ll complete the drawing of the cof- spacebar to move the point as
fee cup by closing the path. you create it.

16. Position the Pen tool over the starting point A LK J Note: This is a shortcut method
without clicking. for deselecting a path while
Use Shift to constrain the direction keeping the Pen tool selected.
Notice that an open circle appears next handles at point K. You could also choose Select >
to the Pen tool pointer ( ), indicating that the Deselect, among other methods.
path will close if you were to click the anchor A
point (don’t click yet). If you were to click and
drag, the direction handles on either side of
the point would move as a single straight line.
You need to split the direction handles so the
final point is a corner point.

17. Press the Option (Mac OS) or Alt (Windows) L
key with the pointer still over point A. Click
and drag up and to the left. Notice that a The path will close if you click the
direction handle shows but is going in the anchor point.
opposite direction (it’s going down and to the
right). Drag until the curve looks right. Release A
the mouse button and then the key. L

As you drag up, another direction line appears Split the direction handles to com-
above the point. Without the modifier key, as plete the path.
you drag away from closing point, you are re-
shaping the path before and after the anchor
point. Pressing the Option/Alt modifier key on
the closing point allows you to edit the previ-
ous direction handle independently.

18. Command-click (Mac OS) or Ctrl-click (Windows) away from the path to dese-
lect it, and then choose File > Save.

LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION 457

LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION 457

TEACHING TIP Lesson 19 Creating an Illustration with the Drawing Tools

Like the Pen tool, the Curvature tool can Drawing with the Curvature Tool
be tricky for new users. Be patient, undo
as needed, and give yourself time to get With the Curvature tool ( ), you can draw and edit paths quickly and visually to cre-
the feel of it. ate paths with smooth refined curves and straight lines. Using the Curvature tool, you
can also edit paths while drawing or after the path is complete using the same tool.
Discussion Topic The paths it creates are composed of anchor points and can be edited with any of
the drawing or selecting tools. In this section, you’ll explore the Curvature tool while
How are the Curvature tool and Pen tools creating a spoon.
alike? How are they different?
Try It!
Note: You may want to zoom
in to the spoon template in this 1. Choose 3 Spoon from the Artboard Navigation menu in the lower-left corner of
section. the Document window.

Note: Like the Pen tool, you 2. Choose View > Fit Artboard In Window (if necessary).
don’t have to start at the blue Looking at the template path, you’ll see a vertical guide running through points
square (point A) to draw this A and I. After you draw half of the spoon, you will copy and reflect it around the
shape. You can set anchor guide and then join the two halves together.
points for a path with the
Curvature tool in a clockwise or 3. Select the Curvature tool ( ) in the Tools panel. Click the blue square at point A
counterclockwise direction. to set the starting anchor point.

4. Click point B and move the pointer away from the point.

5. Move the pointer away from point B, and notice the preview of the curve before
and after point B.

BBB

AAA

Create the first curve from point A to point B.

The Curvature tool works by creating anchor points where you click. The draw-
ing curve will “flex” around the points dynamically. Direction handles are created
when necessary to curve the path for you.

Note: The points you create with 6. Click point C, and then click point D. Move E
the Curvature tool can have three the pointer away from point D. D
appearances, indicating its current
state: selected ( ), corner point At this point, the path between points A and B C
(not selected [ ]), and smooth will no longer be affected by new points (E, F,
point (not selected [ ]). etc.), but the path is not following the template. B
While drawing with the Curvature tool, you can
go back and edit points as well as add points.

7. Hover the pointer over the path segment Continue the path from point C to
between the A and B points. When a plus (+) point D.

appears next to the pointer, click to create a new point. Drag the new point to the

red dot in the template, repositioning it to match the shape of the dotted template.

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458 LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION

Creating an Illustration with the Drawing Tools Lesson 19 TEACHING TIP

BB Be sure to point out the yellow note on
this page.

AA

Create a new point and drag it into position near point A.

8. Click point E, and then click point F. G
F
9. Shift-click to add point G.
E
Pressing the Shift key while clicking with the Cur- D
vature tool aligns the new point vertically (in this
case) or horizontally with the previous point. Notice C
that the path segments before and after point F are Continue the path from point
curved, but they need to be straight to follow the E to point G.
template. To convert a default smooth point to a
corner point, you can double-click a point you’ve
made with the Curvature tool.

10. Hover the pointer over the anchor point at F. When the pointer changes ( ),
double-click to convert the point to a corner point.

Double-clicking a point, which converts it to a corner point, has the effect of
splitting the direction handles for the point.

HH

GG

FF

Convert point F to a corner point. I Note: To close a path with the
H Curvature tool, hover the pointer
Next, you’ll add a new point and convert it to a G over the first point you created
corner point in one step. in the path, and a circle appears
Click at point H with a modifer key. next to the pointer ( ). Click to
11. Option-click (Mac OS) or Alt-click (Windows) close the path.
point H. I
By Option-clicking (Mac OS) or Alt-clicking H
(Windows) when you create a point with the G
Curvature tool, you create a corner point
instead of the default smooth point. Shift-click point I.

12. Shift-click point I.

13. Press the Escape key to stop drawing, and
then choose Select > Deselect.

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LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION 459

Discussion Topic Lesson 19 Creating an Illustration with the Drawing Tools

What’s involved in editing a curve you’ve Editing Curves
drawn with the Curvature tool? Do you
find it easier to work with than the Pen In this part of the lesson, you’ll adjust curves you’ve drawn using several methods
tool? Why or why not? learned previously and a few new ones.

Reflecting the Spoon Shape

Since the spoon you are creating is symmetrical, you drew only half of it. Now you’ll
copy, reflect, and join the spoon path to create a whole spoon.

Try It!

1. Choose View > Smart Guides to turn them on.

2. Select the Selection tool, and click to select the spoon path.

3. In the Layers panel, click the visibility column
(eye icon ) for the layer named “Template” to
hide the contents.

4. Press the Rotate tool ( ) in the Tools panel, and
select the Reflect tool ( ).

5. While holding down Option (Mac OS) or Hide the Template layer.
Alt (Windows), position the pointer over point I.
When you see the word “anchor” appear, click
with the modifier key held down.

6. In the Reflect dialog box, select Vertical if necessary, and click Preview. Click
Copy to copy the shape and reflect it in one step.

7. Select the Selection tool and Shift-click the original path to select both and press
Cmd+J (Mac OS) or Ctrl+J (Windows) twice, to join the paths together.

8. Choose Select > Deselect.

Use the Reflect tool and dialog box to create the other half of the spoon.

Rounding Corner Points

In Lesson 16, “Using Shapes to Create Artwork for a Postcard,” you learned about Live
Shapes and the ability to round corners. You can also round corner points on paths,
which is what you’ll do next.

460 LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION

460 LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION

Creating an Illustration with the Drawing Tools Lesson 19 Discussion Topic

Try It! Based on what they already know, what
tools do students think they’ll use to
1. Select the Zoom tool ( ), and click a few times on the top of the spoon to zoom in. complete the spoon?

2. Select the Direct Selection tool ( ), and drag across the two points shown in the TEACHING TIP
following figure to select them.
Notice that a Live Corners widget ( ) shows next to each of the anchor points. In Editing Paths and Points step #3, the
With both points selected, you can edit the radius of both by dragging one of the entire cup may highlight blue when you
Live Corners widgets or double-clicking one of them. drag across the handle, but only the lines
within the marquee will copy.
3. Drag the Live Corners widget on the right point toward the center of the spoon
just a bit to make the corners round. When the measurement label shows a radi-
us of roughly 0.1 in, release the mouse button.

4. Choose Select > Deselect.

Drag to select corner points. Adjust the radius of the corner Both corners are adjusted.
with the widget.

5. Choose View > Smart Guides to turn off the Smart Guides.

6. Select the Selection tool ( ), and click to select the spoon path.

7. Choose Edit > Copy.

Editing Paths and Points

Next, you’ll edit a few of the paths and points for the coffee cup you created earlier.

Try It!

1. Choose 1 Main from the Artboard Navigation menu in the lower-left corner of
the Document window.

2. With the Selection tool, click in the artboard to make it the active artboard. Note: You will need to select
Choose Edit > Paste to paste the spoon. Drag it off to the side for the moment. the spoon by its stroke since it
doesn’t have a fill.
3. Select the Direct Selection tool ( ), and starting
at the red X you see in the figure, drag across
the “handle” of the coffee cup to select just
that part of the path.

Selecting with the Direct Selection tool in Drag to select the handle.
this way selects only the path segments and
anchor points contained within the marquee
selection. Clicking with the Selection
tool ( ) selects the entire path.

4. Choose Edit > Copy and then Edit > Paste In Front.

5. Press Cmd+J (Mac OS) or Ctrl+J (Windows) to close the path.

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LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION 461

Discussion Topic Lesson 19 Creating an Illustration with the Drawing Tools

Why is it preferable for a path to include 6. Select the Selection tool, and Shift-drag the right, middle bounding point to the
as few anchor points as possible? left to make it smaller. See the last part of the following figure.

Paste the copied path section. Close the path. Adjust the size of the copied
path.

7. Select the Direct Selection tool, click the
anchor point you see in the figure to select it.
Drag the point to the right just a bit until it
roughly matches the figure.

8. Position the pointer over the part of the path Drag the anchor point to adjust the
you see in the following figure, and click to curve.
select the path.

Notice that the pointer changes appearance
( ) with the pointer over the path. This
indicates that you can drag the path, which
will adjust the anchor points and direction
handles as you drag.

Note: As you are dragging a 9. Drag the path up and to the left to make the curve a little less rounded. This is an
path with the Direct Selection easy way to make edits to a path.
tool, you can also press the Shift
key to constrain the handles to
a perpendicular direction, which
ensures that the handles are the
same length.

Select the path. Drag the selected path segment.

10. Choose Select > Deselect, and then choose File > Save.

Note: If you wanted to adjust Deleting and Adding Anchor Points
the direction handles instead of
dragging the path and wanted to Most of the time, the goal of drawing paths with a tool like the Pen tool or Curvature
see the direction handles for all tool is to avoid adding more anchor points than necessary. You can reduce a path’s
of the selected points, you could complexity or change its overall shape by deleting unnecessary points (and therefore
click Show Handles For Multiple gain more control over the shape), or you can extend a path by adding points to it.
Selected Anchor Points ( ) in Next, you will delete and add anchor points to the coffee cup path so that it has a
the Control panel. flatter bottom.

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462 LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION

Creating an Illustration with the Drawing Tools Lesson 19

Try It!

1. Select the Zoom tool ( ) in the Tools panel, and click twice, slowly, on the bot-
tom of the cup to zoom in.

2. With the Direct Selection tool ( ) selected, click the edge of the coffee cup path.

3. Select the Pen tool ( ) in the Tools panel, and
position the pointer over the anchor point at the
bottom, center of the cup (see the figure). When a
minus sign (–) appears to the right of the Pen tool
pointer ( ), click to remove the anchor point.

4. Position the Pen tool pointer over the bottom of the Click the anchor point to Note: With an anchor point
cup shape again. Look at the first part of the follow- remove it. selected, you can also click
ing figure for where. This time, when a plus sign (+) Remove Selected Anchor Points
( ) in the Control panel to
delete the anchor point.

appears to the right of the Pen tool pointer ( ), click to add an anchor point.

5. Move the pointer over to the right a bit, and click the path to add another point.
Leave this last point selected.

Click where indicated to add anchor points. Note: You could also convert
between corner and smooth
Adding points to a curved path means that the anchor points will most likely points by double-clicking an
have direction lines and be considered smooth points. anchor point (or Option-clicking
[Mac OS], Alt-clicking [Windows])
Converting Between Smooth Points and Corner Points with the Curvature tool, as you
saw earlier.
To more precisely control the path you create, you can convert points from
smooth points to corner points and from corner points to smooth points, using
several methods.

Try It!

1. Select the Direct Selection tool ( ), and with the last point still selected, Shift-
click the other point you added to the left. Click the Convert Selected Anchor
Points To Corner button ( ) in the Control panel.

Convert the anchor points to corner points.

2. With both points selected, click the Vertical Align Bottom button ( ) in the Con-
trol panel to align one point to the other. If the points align to the artboard after
clicking the align button, try again. Make sure that Align To Key Anchor is select-
ed in the Control panel first.

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LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION 463

Discussion Topic Lesson 19 Creating an Illustration with the Drawing Tools

What’s another way you could you add As you saw in Lesson 15, selected anchor points align to the last selected anchor
a straight, flat base to the bottom of point, which is known as the key anchor.
the coffee cup? (Hint: It involves the
Rectangle tool and Pathfinder panel.) 3. Press Down Arrow five times to move both
points down.

4. Choose Select > Deselect.

Note: If you find it difficult to 5. With the Direct Selection tool, click the coffee Move the selected anchor points down.
select the second anchor point, cup shape to show all of the anchor points.
you can also drag a marquee Click the anchor point labeled 1 in the figure
across the bottom of the first, and then Shift-click the anchor point la-
coffee cup to select the two beled 2. Click the Horizontal Align Left button
anchor points. ( ) to align them.

21

Select and align the anchor points.

6. Click the anchor point labeled 3 in the figure first, and then Shift-click the anchor
point labeled 4. Click the Horizontal Align Right button ( ) to align them. Leave
the path (and points) selected.

34

Select and align the right side anchor points.

Working with the Anchor Point Tool

Another way to convert anchor points between smooth and corner points is using
the Anchor Point tool. Next, you’ll convert anchor points using the Anchor Point tool
( ) and see how to split direction handles using this tool.

Try It!

1. Position the pointer over the Pen tool ( ), and
click and hold down the mouse button to
reveal more tools. Select the Anchor Point
tool ( ).

You will also see the Add Anchor Point tool (
) and the Delete Anchor Point tool ( ),

which are specifically for adding or removing
anchor points.

2. Position the pointer over the point with an Convert points using the Anchor
arrow pointing to it in the figure. Click to Point tool.
convert the point from a smooth point (with
direction handles) to a corner point.

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464 LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION

Creating an Illustration with the Drawing Tools Lesson 19 TEACHING TIP

3. Position the pointer over the anchor point below the point you just converted. Note: If you position the Anchor Encourage students to experiment
When the pointer looks like this , click and drag up. As you drag, press the Shift Point tool pointer over the end with the dashed line options in the
key. Drag up until you reach the anchor point above it. Release the mouse but- of a direction handle that is Stroke panel.
ton, and then release the key. split, you can press the Option
(Mac OS) or Alt (Windows) key
If the pointer looks like this , don’t drag. This means that the pointer is not over and, when the pointer changes
the anchor point and if you drag, you will reshape the curve. ( ), click to make the direction
handles a single straight line
With the Anchor Point tool, you can perform tasks such as converting between again (not split).
smooth and corner points, split direction handles, and more.

Next, you’ll do the same thing to the right side of the bottom of the coffee cup.

4. Position the pointer over the point with an
arrow pointing to it in the figure. Click to
convert the point from a smooth point (with
direction handles) to a corner point.

5. Position the pointer over the anchor point Convert the right side anchor points.
below the point you just converted. When the
pointer looks like this , click and drag down.
As you drag, press the Shift key. Drag down
until the end of the opposite direction handle
reaches the point above. Release the mouse
button, and then release the key.

6. Choose Select > Deselect, and then choose File > Save.

Creating a Dashed Line

Dashed lines apply to the stroke of an object and can be added to a closed path or
an open path. Dashes are created by specifying a sequence of dash lengths and the
gaps between them. Next, add a dash to a line.

Try It!

1. Choose View > Fit Artboard In Window.

2. In the Layers panel, click the visibility column for
the layer named “Text” to show the layer contents.

3. Select the Zoom tool ( ), and click twice to
zoom in to the red circles that are now showing.

4. Select the Selection tool ( ) in the Tools panel, Show the Text layer.
and click the dark gray path in the center of the
red circles.

5. Click the word “Stroke” in the Control panel to show the Stroke panel. Change Note: The Preserves Exact Dash
the following options in the Stroke panel: And Gap Lengths button
( ) allows you to retain
• Weight: 8 pt the appearance of the dashes
without aligning to the corners
• Dashed Line: Selected (By default, this creates a repeating dash pattern of or the dash ends.
12 pt dash, 12 pt gap.)

• First Dash value: 4 pt (This creates a 4 pt dash, 4 pt gap repeating pattern.)

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LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION 465

TEACHING TIPS Lesson 19 Creating an Illustration with the Drawing Tools

Toggle between the “Aligns dashes to • First Gap value: 2 pt (This creates a 4 pt dash, 2 pt gap repeating pattern.)
corners and path ends…” and “Preserves
exact dash and gap lengths” option at the • Aligns Dashes To Corners And Path Ends ( ): Selected
top of the page. What’s the difference? (the default setting)

Encourage students to experiment with Apply dashed stroke formatting.
the arrow options in the Stroke panel.
6. Press the Escape key to hide the Stroke panel.
In Try It! step #1, remember to hold down
the Shift key to adjust scale in increments 7. Choose File > Save, and leave the line selected.
of 10%.
Adding Arrowheads to a Path

You can add arrowheads to both ends of a path using the Stroke panel. There are
many different arrowhead styles to choose from in Illustrator, as well as arrowhead
editing options. Next, you’ll add different arrowheads to the dashed path.

Try It!

1. With the dashed line still selected, click the word “Stroke” again in the Control
panel to open the Stroke panel (or choose Window > Stroke). In the Stroke panel,
change only the following options:
• Choose Arrow 21 from the menu directly to the right of the word “Arrow-
heads.” This adds an arrowhead to the start (left end) of the line.
• Scale (beneath where you chose Arrow 21): 30%
• Choose Arrow 17 from the arrowheads menu to the far right of the word
“Arrowheads.” This adds an arrowhead to the end of the line.
• Scale (beneath where you chose Arrow 17): 50%
• Click the Extend Arrow Tip Beyond End Of Path button ( ).

Add arrowheads to both ends of the line.

2. Click the edge of the coffee cup path, and change the Fill color to White.

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466 LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION

Creating an Illustration with the Drawing Tools Lesson 19 Discussion Topic

3. Click the spoon shape, and change the Fill color to a light gray (We chose the What does the word fidelity mean? What
color with the tooltip that shows C=0 M=0 Y=0 K=10). effect do you think a Smooth (versus
Accurate) fidelity setting will have on the
4. With the spoon selected, choose Object > pencil line you’re about to draw?
Transform > Rotate, change the Angle to 90,
select Preview, and then click OK.

5. Drag the spoon into the position you see in the
following figure.

Adjust the rotation of the spoon.

Position the spoon as shown.

Working with the Pencil Tool

The Pencil tool ( ) lets you draw free-form open and closed paths that contain
curves and straight lines. As you draw with the Pencil tool, anchor points are created
on the path where necessary and according to the Pencil tool options you set. The
path can easily be adjusted when the path is complete.

Drawing Freeform Paths with the Pencil Tool

Next, you will draw and edit a simple path using the Pencil tool.

Try It!

1. Choose 2 Coffee Bean from the Artboard
Navigation menu in the lower-left corner of the
Document window.

2. Choose View > Fit Artboard In Window,
if necessary.

3. In the Layers panel, click the visibility column for Unhide the Template layer.
the layer named “Template” to show the lay-
er contents.

4. Select the Zoom tool ( ) in the Tools panel,
and click a few times, slowly, on the top of the
artboard to zoom in where you see “A.”

5. Choose Select > Deselect. In the Control panel, Note: When it comes to the
make sure that the Fill color is None ( ) and the Fidelity value, dragging the
Stroke color is Black. Also make sure the Stroke slider closer to Accurate usually
weight is 1 pt in the Control panel. creates more anchor points and
more accurately reflects the path
6. Click and hold down on the Shaper tool you’ve drawn. Dragging the slider
( ) in the Tools panel to select the Pencil tool toward Smooth makes fewer
( ). Double-click the Pencil tool. In the Pencil anchor points and a smoother,
less complex path.

Select Pencil tool options.

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LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION 467

TEACHING TIPS Lesson 19 Creating an Illustration with the Drawing Tools

Your coffee bean outline won’t be smooth Note: A window may appear Tool Options dialog box, set the following options, leaving the rest at their
as you are drawing it. That’s fine. The when clicking the Shaper tool. default settings:
pencil tool will smooth it for you—after Close it.
you release the mouse button. • Drag the Fidelity slider to the right, one position closer to Smooth. This will
Note: When editing a path with reduce the number of points on a path drawn with the Pencil tool and make
Step #9 at the top of page 468 is tricky. the Pencil tool, you may find that the path smoother.
Be patient, and wait for the asterisk to dis- a new path is created instead
appear from the pointer before you click of editing the original shape. • Keep Selected: Selected
and drag to reshape the path. You can always undo and make
sure that you finish back on the • Option Key (Alt Key on Windows) Toggles To Smooth Tool: Selected
original path (or at least close (The Smooth tool is used to smooth the path after it is drawn.)
to it).
• Close Paths When Ends Are Within: Selected

7. Click OK.

The asterisk (*) that appears next to the Pencil tool pointer indicates that
you are about to create a new path. If you don’t see the asterisk, it means
that you are about to redraw a shape that the pointer is near.

8. Starting at the red X in the template, click and drag A
around the dashed template path. When the pointer
gets close to the start of the path (at the red X), a
small circle displays next to it ( ) to indicate that if
you release the mouse button, the path will close.
When you see the circle, release the mouse button to
close the path.

Notice that as you are drawing, the path may not look

perfectly smooth. After releasing the mouse button,

the path is smoothed based on the Fidelity value that

you set in the Pencil Tool Options dialog box. Draw the path with the
9. Position the Pencil tool on or near the path to redraw Pencil tool.

it. When the asterisk disappears from the pointer, click

and drag to reshape the path. Make sure you wind up back on the original path.

Think of it as redrawing parts of the path.

AAA

Redraw the path to reshape it.

If you wanted to “smooth” parts of the path you drew, you could press the Op-
tion key (Mac OS) or Alt key (Windows) and drag along the path. This can simplify
the path and remove anchor points. This is possible because you selected Op-
tion Key (Alt Key on Windows) Toggles To Smooth Tool option in the Pencil Tool
Options dialog box earlier.

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468 LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION

Creating an Illustration with the Drawing Tools Lesson 19 MEET INDIVIDUAL
NEEDS
Drawing Straight Segments with the Pencil Tool
More advanced learners Encourage more
Aside from drawing more free-form paths, you can also create straight lines that can advanced learners to look ahead to the
be constrained to 45° angles with the Pencil tool. That’s what you’ll do next. finished coffee bean diagram on page 470
and try to recreate it without the instruc-
Try It! tions on these two pages.

1. Scroll down the artboard to see the template shapes labeled “B” and “C,” if you Note: When drawing the path,
can’t see them. after reaching the blue X, you
could have released the mouse
2. Position the pointer over the red X at the bottom of the path labeled “B.” Click button to stop drawing and then
and drag around the left side of the shape and stop at the blue X, but don’t just started drawing from the
release the mouse button yet. same place later on. You can
tell you are continuing a path
3. With the mouse button still down, press Option (Mac OS) or Alt (Windows), and with the Pencil tool when a line
drag a straight line that follows the flat edge of the shape. When you reach the red appears next to the Pencil tool
X again and a small circle displays next to the Pencil tool pointer ( ), release the pointer ( ), with the pointer
mouse button and then the key to close the path. positioned over the end of a path.

BBB

Draw from the red X to the Use a modifier key to drag the Close the path.
blue X. straight line.

4. Position the pointer over the red X at the bottom of the path labeled “C” (it’s
below “B”). Click and drag down around the right side of the shape and stop at
the blue X, but don’t release the mouse button yet.

5. With the mouse button still down, press the Shift key, and drag a straight line that
follows the flat edge of the shape. When you reach the red X again and a small
circle displays next to the Pencil tool pointer ( ), release the mouse button and
then the key to close the path.

CCC

Drag from the red X to the Press Shift to draw a straight line. Close the path.
blue X.

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Discussion Topic Lesson 19 Creating an Illustration with the Drawing Tools

How are the Join tool (the one you used 6. With shape “C” selected, choose Object >
in step #2) and the Object > Path > Join Transform > Rotate. In the Rotate dialog
command different? box, change the Angle to -25°, select
Preview, and then click OK.

Finishing the Coffee Bean Rotate the shape.

Now apply fill colors, drag shapes into posi-
tion, and group shapes to finish the coffee
bean.

Try It!

1. Choose View > Fit Artboard In Window.

2. Select the Selection tool ( ), and click to select the top shape labeled “A.”
Change the Fill color to the swatch named “CoffeeBean” in the Control panel.

Apply the CoffeeBean fill color. The finished coffee bean.

3. Click to select shape B, and then Shift-click to select E
shape C. Change the Fill color for both to the
swatch named “CoffeeBean2” in the Control panel. HG

4. Choose Select > Deselect. LK I
J
5. Drag shape B and then shape C onto shape A,
something like you see in the figure. Position the coffee bean
Feel free to adjust the individual shapes using any of group.
the methods you’ve learned so far.

6. Drag across all three shapes to select them and
choose Object > Group.

7. Choose View > Fit All In Window.

8. Drag the coffee bean group on front of the coffee
cup and spoon.

9. Choose Select > Deselect.

Joining with the Join Tool

In this lesson and earlier lessons, you’ve used the Join command (Object >
Path > Join) to join as well as close paths. Using the Join tool ( ), you can easily
join paths that cross, overlap, or have open ends using scrubbing gestures.

470 LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION

470 LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION

Creating an Illustration with the Drawing Tools Lesson 19 TEACHING TIP

Try It! Note: If you were to instead Encourage students to use what they’ve
join the ends of the open path learned to add a curved back rim to the
1. Choose View > Steam. This command will zoom in to the shapes above the cof- by pressing Cmd+J (Mac OS) or coffee cup image and place it behind
fee cup and also hide the layer named “Template.” Ctrl+J (Windows), a straight line the steam.
would connect the ends.
2. Move the mouse pointer over the Pencil tool ( ), press and hold the mouse MEET INDIVIDUAL
button, and select the Join tool ( ). NEEDS

Unlike the Join command (Object > Path > Join) you learned about in Lesson 17, More advanced learners Challenge
the Join tool can trim overlapping paths as it joins, and it doesn’t simply create a those who are ready to add a subtle drop
straight line between the anchor points you are joining. The angle created by the shadow to the cup. How do they keep
two paths to be joined are taken into account. the inside of the cup handle from casting
a shadow?
3. With the Join tool selected, drag across the two ends of the path on the right
(see the figure for which).

Drag the Join tool to join two ends of a path.

When dragging (also called scrubbing) across paths, they will be either “extended
and joined” or “trimmed and joined.” In this example, the paths were extended
and joined. The Join tool works on paths that are selected or not, but the result
of joining is not selected to continue working on more paths.

4. Drag across (or scrub) the excess part of the paths on the shape to the left to
remove them and close the path. In this case, the path was “trimmed and joined.”

Scrub the paths to trim them.

5. Choose View > Fit Artboard In Window.

6. Select the Selection tool, and drag across the “steam”
shapes to select them.

7. Change the Fill color to the swatch named “Steam”
and the Stroke weight to 0 in the Control panel.

8. Choose Object > Group, and drag the group down
like the following figure.

9. Choose Select > Deselect, and take a step back The completed project.
to admire all that you’ve accomplished in this lesson!

10. Choose File > Save, and then choose File > Close.

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Discussion Topics Lesson 19 Creating an Illustration with the Drawing Tools

What is an entrepreneur? Entrepreneurial Opportunities in Graphic Design

What are four basic working relationships Creativity often goes hand in hand with independence and drive. Yet, these qualities
you may need to establish before starting can create a bit of tension in relation to a business focus. There is a practicality to
your own graphic design business? graphic design: ads must sell, books must be readable, and websites must function
smoothly. In addition, design projects will need to be completed in a limited amount
of time or within a limited budget, will most likely need to be approved by someone
besides you, and will require revisions that can drive one mad. Each design requires a
monetary budget, as well, and must stay within its bounds. These practicalities reflect
the business side of design. It is less glamorous than pure aesthetic expression, but
just as important in the process of completing work.

One way that you can keep the creative spark alive in your work is to pursue entre-
preneurial opportunities rather than full-time employment.

Starting Your Own Practice

Graphic design programs don’t offer many courses on the business aspect of design.
The assumption is that you will learn the ropes while working for a firm, for example,
how to correspond with clients, how to take a project from start to finish, and how to
use good phone etiquette such as stating the name of the studio when answering a call.

Whether you are just entering the professional field or have worked for years in a studio,
starting your own practice means pushing aside the fear you may have about actually
doing it, and there will be many reasons to hesitate, including the financial insecurity of
not having a full-time job or the potential loneliness of working by yourself. Your survival
will rely on finding work and keeping clients, including getting work from larger studios
and agencies. There are four basic working relationships you may need to establish:

• An accountant to help you with bookkeeping practices and government tax
requirements. An accountant will be able to recommend whether you should
start your business as a sole proprietorship (a business owned by one person),
as a partnership (each partner being liable to the other), or as a corporation (the
business as a separate entity from the individuals who compose it). After getting
some initial advice, many solo workers handle day-to-day tasks such as invoicing
and expense tracking on their own, working with the accountant only for tax
preparation and larger needs.

• A lawyer whom you can turn to for legal advice on leases, overdue invoices, and
the basics on liability. A lawyer’s hourly fee will be much higher than yours, but it
will be worth it.

• A bank specialist to help you create a business checking account and suggest ways
to handle day-to-day transactions, such as using online and mobile banking tools.

• A professional printer or programmer who can guide you through production
processes such as file preparation and finishing techniques (trimming, folding,
binding, or programming languages). Nurture loyal relationships with your
collaborators who will be there for you as you grow your business and in some
cases provided you with preferred pricing.

When you start your practice, you will have some initial expenses. You can start out
working from home or in a shared office space to conserve funds. However, you will
need to invest in some business assets, such as a high-end computer and software
for the types of work you plan to do, mobile phone, tablet, high-quality printer for
printing concepts, proofs, and invoices (if applicable). You will need a high-speed

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472 LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION

Creating an Illustration with the Drawing Tools Lesson 19 Discussion Topics

Internet connection and possibly other media for transmitting large graphics files, Imagine you’re setting up your own
and your own website. A budget of up to $10,000 to get started is not unreasonable. graphic design studio in a home office.
Shop online for the computer hardware,
Promoting Your Business software, and other equipment and
supplies you’ll need to get started. Is a
In addition to promoting yourself through other professional relationships, you will $10,000 budget enough?
need to use a variety of methods for promoting your work:
• Personal website, resume, and design blog Why is volunteering included on the list of
• Digital samples provided online and via other media such as USB Flash drive ways to promote yourself?
• Profiles on social media such as LinkedIn
• Membership in professional organizations where you can network to meet peers

and clients
• Volunteering, to build contacts and portfolio pieces

Quoting and Billing

The arrangements you may make with clients may vary. Often, you’ll start with hourly
rates for various services. For example, you might charge $100 per hour for illustra-
tion and graphic services, $75 per hour for website design, and $45 per hour for page
layout services. Your rates will likely reflect the location where you do business, given
costs of living and relative business expenses for that area. For example, designers
located in the Midwest and South in the United States typically charge slightly less
than designers in the Northeast, where the cost of living and other expenses are
higher. Likewise, you might typically charge a lower rate when first starting out, then
raise rates as you build a portfolio.

When quoting a project, you break out the various activities to perform. For example,
say you are designing a poster for a client, with overall poster design time, some original
Adobe Illustrator artwork, time to create the overall publication in Illustator or Photoshop,
and client consulation and revisions. On each line of your quote, you would estimate
how many hours each activity would require, list the hourly rate, multiply by that rate, and
then total the line items. Following is an example of how a quotation might look:

ZYX Design
Project Quotation

Activity Hours Rate Line Item Total
Client Consult 1 50 50
Concept Design 2 50
Artwork Development 5 75 100
Layout 4 25 375
Revisions 2 25 100
Totals 14 50
675

If you have additional expenses that apply directly to the project, by all means apply
them. For example, in some cases, a client might also ask you to source printing for a
piece. In such a case, you would add any costs and taxes that apply to your invoice.
Traditionally, some agencies also make a standard markup, or added fee, of 10 to 20%
on services such as advertising placement or printing. This markup reflects the time
spent project managing the outside vendor on behalf of the client. For example, a
designer may need to travel for an onsite press check at the printer for a large print

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MEET INDIVIDUAL Lesson 19 Creating an Illustration with the Drawing Tools
NEEDS
job. It’s typical to include the markup without breaking it out as a separate line item,
More advanced students Encourage however some design shops do fully inform clients of markup rates for ethical reasons.
those who are interested in a graphic Even if you are asked by a client to provide a flat fee for a job, taking the time to develop
design career to research the very con- an internal quote will ensure you price the job appropriately rather than underpricing it.
troversial issue of whether independent
designers should bill clients by the hour Tools for Managing Deadlines and More
or by the project. What do proponents of
each side say are the advantages of the Graphic design work is heavily deadline driven, whether you’re working internally for a
billing strategy they prefer? company PR team or working on your own with your own clients. Some publications,
such as a company’s annual report, must be distributed by a particular deadline, pub-
Discussion Topics lications used to promote a special event must be available prior to that event, and so
on. If a job requires printing, the printer’s turnaround time likewise must be factored in
What does it mean to mark up something to the schedule. Here are some tips for keeping yourself on track with your deadlines:
like printing services? Do you think it’s fair • Understand the lead times for your vendors such as printers, and always build
to charge a markup fee? Why or why not?
them in to the schedule.
What techniques do you know and use • Use a scheduling tool such as an online calendar to track your deadlines. Both
as a student that might help you manage
deadlines (and more!) as an independent Mac and Windows computers include calendar software that you can sync
professional? with the cloud and other devices such as your mobile phone and tablet. Online
services such as Gmail also include easy-to-use calendar tools.
What is crowdsourcing? Have students • Learn to be a good manager of your email. Read and respond in a timely fashion.
research online to find out more and Flag items for follow up, if possible. Learn to create folders to organize messages
explore crowdsourcing opportunities for in your e-mail system.
fledgling graphic designers. • Take advantage of online team management and messaging platforms such
as Slack.
Comprehension Check • To stay on top of invoicing and paying your bills you can use online accounting
solutions such as FreshBooks. Some tools like the online version of QuickBooks
1. To draw a straight line, click with the let you create both estimates and invoices, make online payments, and work
Pen tool, and then move the pointer with your bank’s online banking features.
and click again. The first click sets the • To help collect ideas for a project, you can use a note-taking app such as
starting anchor point, and the second OneNote or Evernote.
click sets the ending anchor point of
the line. To constrain the straight line Beyond a Design Studio
vertically, horizontally, or along a 45˚
diagonal, press the Shift key as you As you saw in the Portfolio Builder at the end of Chapter 8, you can expand graphic
click to create the second anchor design options beyond your mere studio. You can take advantage of services such
point with the Pen tool. as CafePress to develop and distribute your own graphic designs in formats such as
T-shirts. You could create your own niche business such as designing posters for
2. To draw a curved line with the Pen local bands or record labels. You could participate in another business that crowd-
tool, move the mouse pointer over sources designs. You can even distribute your designs online for free or for a licens-
the location for the starting anchor ing fee through various services. You can explore a host of ways to branch out in
point, drag from that point to cre- business through graphic design.
ate the starting anchor point and set
the direction of the curve, move the Comprehension Check
mouse pointer to the location for the
ending anchor point, and then click 1. Describe how to draw straight vertical, horizontal, or diagonal lines using the
to end the curve or drag to create Pen tool ( ).
another point with direction handles.
2. How do you draw a curved line using the Pen tool?
3. Name two ways to convert a smooth point on a curve to a corner point.
4. Which tool would you use to edit a segment on a curved line?

474 LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION

3. To convert a smooth point on a curve to a corner point, use the Direct Selec-
tion tool to select the anchor point, and then use the Anchor Point tool to
drag a direction handle to change the direction. Another method is to choose
a point or points with the Direct Selection tool and then click the Convert
Selected Anchor Points To Corner button in the Control panel.

4. To edit a segment on a curved line, select the Direct Selection tool, and drag
the segment to move it, or drag a direction handle on an anchor point to
adjust the length and shape of the segment. Dragging a path segment with
the Direct Selection tool or pressing the Option/Alt key and dragging a path
segment with the Pen tool is another way to reshape a path.

474 LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION

Transforming, Positioning, and Drawing Chapter 9 REVIEW QUESTIONS

End-of-Chapter Activities 1. There are two types of rulers in
Illustrator: artboard rulers and global
Review Questions rulers. Artboard rulers, which are the
default rulers, set the ruler origin at
1. What is the difference between artboard rulers and global rulers? the upper-left corner of the active
artboard. Global rulers set the ruler
2. How do you change the ruler origin? origin at the upper-left corner of the
first artboard, no matter which art-
3. Name a method besides guides and rulers to position objects precisely. board is active.

4. What is the difference between rotating and reflecting? 2. Drag from the upper-left corner of
the document window where the rul-
5. How can you finish drawing a line or curve (path) with the Pen tool? ers intersect to the desired location,
such as left to the bottom-left corner
6. What panel can you use to create dashed lines and arrowheads on a selected path? of the document.

7. How can you change the way the Pencil tool works? 3. With the object selected, click the up-
per-left point of the reference point
8. How is the Join tool different from the Join command (Object > Path > Join)? locator in the Control panel, then
change the X and Y values.
Multiple Choice
4. Rotating moves the object around a
1. Which of the following is a region that can contain printable artwork in Illustrator? point (usually the center point) by the
a. workboard specified number of degrees. Reflect-
b. scratch area ing flips the object across an invisible
c. properties vertical or horizontal axis.
d. artboard
5. Either of the following answers is
2. A strip with marked intervals used to help you accurately place a measure objects is called a acceptable:
a. guide
b. ruler • Select the Selection tool, and
c. hash mark then click a blank area and
d. measurement label choose Select > Deselect.

3. A nonprinting line created from a ruler and moved over the document to help align objects is called a • Click the starting anchor point to
a. guide close the path.
b. ruler
c. hash mark 6. The Stroke panel, opened by click-
d. measurement label ing Stroke in the Control panel after
selecting a path.
4. Changing the size of an object by a certain percentage is called
a. constraining 7. To change the way the Pencil tool
b. dragging works, double-click the Pencil tool
c. scaling in the Tools panel to open the Pencil
d. upsizing Tool Options dialog box. There you
can change the smoothness, fidelity,
5. Clicking to create a new anchor point with the Pen tool selected creates this type of segment. and other options.
a. straight
b. curved 8. Unlike the Join command, the Join
c. closed tool can trim overlapping paths as
d. snapped it joins, and it doesn’t simply create
a straight line between the anchor
6. An anchor point that creates an angle is called a(n) points you are joining. The angle cre-
a. angle point ated by the two paths to be joined are
b. curved point taken into account.
c. smooth point
d. corner point

LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION 475

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. D
2. B
3. A
4. C
5. A
6. D

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MULTIPLE CHOICE Chapter 9 Transforming, Positioning, and Drawing

7. C 7. An anchor point with direction handles for defining the shape of the curve is called a(n)
8. B a. angle point
b. curved point
c. smooth point
d. corner point

8. Besides the Pen tool, name another tool you can use to create paths with smooth refined curves.
a. Stroke tool
b. Curvature tool
c. Eyedropper tool
d. Hand tool

Chapter 9 – Portfolio Builder

Using Curved Lines to Create a PR Graphic

Imagine you are the graphic designer who is part of the PR team for a nonprofit organization named Greenwood
Conservancy. The team is preparing a new fundraising campaign that will include online promotions, public
service announcements, special events, and promotional items. You want to create an illustration that can be
adapted for use in printed and digital materials needed for all phases of the campaign. The design needs to be
simple, bold, and colorful. You decide to draw an image combining an ash leaf, gingko leaf, and redbud leaf. In this
exercise, practice working with a variety of tools to create the artwork. Refer to the finished illustration as you go
to see how to put it together.

DIRECTIONS 4. Choose View > Rulers > Show Rulers if necessary.

1. In Illustrator, choose File > New to open a new, 5. Point to the Rectangle tool in the tools panel,
untitled document. In the New Document dialog press and hold the mouse button, and then select
box, change the following options: the Ellipse tool. Drag to draw an ellipse that’s
about 1 in wide by 1.75 in tall. (Watch the mea-
• Name: Leaves surement labels as you drag.)

• Profile: Print 6. Select the Pen tool in the Tools panel. Point to the
smooth anchor point at the top of the ellipse until
• Units: Inches you see anchor in pink. Press the Option (Mac OS)
or Alt (Windows) key to display the convert point
• Width: 6 icon. Click on the smooth anchor point at the top
of the ellipse to convert it to a corner anchor point.
• Height: 4
7. Choose Select > Deselect, then use the Pen tool
2. Click OK in the New Docment dialog box. to draw a straight line for the vein line from the tip
of the leaf to its base. (Click the top and bottom
3. Click File > Save As, navigate to the location where center anchor points, then press Esc.)
your instructor directs you to save files for this
chapter's projects, and rename the file PB09End_
xx.ai. Leave the default format selected, and click
Save. Click OK in the Illustrator Options dialog box.

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Transforming, Positioning, and Drawing Chapter 9

8. Choose Select > All, and then Select > Group. • Adjust the direction lines and position of the
9. Open the Swatches panel from the Control panel two smooth points on either side of the split
area to give a more rounded appearance to
Fill color drop-down and click the brown swatch the lobes.
with the value C=40 M=70 Y=100 K=50 to fill the
leaf. Close the swatches. • The tops of gingko leafs have a slightly ruffled
10. Next draw the Gingko leaf. Move the mouse appearance. To create this waviness, add five
pointer over the Ellipse tool in the Tools panel, anchor points to the top edges of each side of
press and hold the mouse button, and click the the split using the Pen tool, and then use the
Star tool. Click the document to display the Star Direct Selection tool to select and then pull
dialog box. Change Radius 1 to 1 in, Radius 2 to .5 up alternate anchor points. (You may find this
in, and Points to 4. When the star appears, resize easier to do at higher magnification.) Be sure
it to about 2 in wide and high, using the width (W) to click each anchor point to select it before
and height (H) entries on the Control panel. dragging it.
11. Select the Direct Selection tool on the Tools panel.
For each of the inner corners, click the anchor, • Finally, convert the left and right leaf points to
and then click the Convert Selected Anchor Points smooth points. Make any other adjustments
to Smooth button in the Control panel. You now necessary to make the leaf resemble the one
have four corner points at the ends of the star shown in the example illustration.
points and four smooth points toward the center
of the leaf. 13. Select the Selection tool from the Tools panel,
12. Use the Direct Selection tool to adjust anchor then select the object. Open the Swatches panel
points as follows. (Refer to the illustration for final from the Control panel Fill color drop-down and
arrangement of anchor points.) click the yellow swatch with the value C=0 M=10
Y=90 K=0 to fill the leaf. Close the swatches. (Hint:
• Select the top star point and drag it straight If you can’t find the specified swatch, click a similar
down toward the center of the leaf to create one. Or click the New Swatch button at the bot-
the split leaf shape. tom of the Swatches panel, type a Swatch Name,
use the sliders to set the C, M, Y, and K values, and
• Select each of the two lower smooth points click OK.)
and drag outward slightly to create a smooth-
er curve for the lower leaf edges. 14. Choose Object > Transform > Rotate, enter -20
in the Angle text box, and then click OK. (If the
• Drag the left and right star points upward and Transform command isn’t active, deselect and
inward a short distance to reduce the width of reselect the object, then try again.)
the leaf.
15. Select the Pen tool in the Tools panel. Add four
curved pen strokes similar to the ones shown in
the image at the beginning of this project. (Hint:
Don’t click the lowermost anchor point.) Use the
Selection tool to drag the lines into final position,
and any other tools to reshape them as desired.

16. Select all the paths in the gingko leaf with the
Selection tool, then choose Object > Group. Move
the ash and gingko leaves temporarily out of the
way as desired.

17. The redbud leaf requires more curved lines. Use
the Pen tool to draw the teardrop shape for the
right side of the leaf, as shown in the final illustra-
tion above.

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Chapter 9 Transforming, Positioning, and Drawing

18. Select the Selection tool, and drag to select the 22. Use the Swatches panel from the Control panel Fill
entire teardrop shape. Choose Edit > Copy. Then color drop-down and to fill each side of the leaf
click on the background to deselect the object. with the green swatch with the value C=85 M=10
Y=100 K=10 to fill the leaf. Close the swatches.
19. Choose Edit > Paste, and then Object > Transform
> Reflect. Leave Vertical selected in the Reflect 23. Select and group the dogwood leaf shapes.
dialog box, and then click OK.
24. Drag the three leaves into position, scaling
20. Choose Object > Arrange > Send Backward, then and overlapping them as shown in the finished
drag the left teardrop shape into position to form example above.
the leaf as shown.
25. Save and close the file, and close Illustrator.
21. With the Selection tool stilll selected, point to
the corner handle of each teardrop selection and
drag as needed when the rotate pointer appears
to adjust the rotation. Reposition the objects as
needed to form the leaf. Also adjust the curve of
the center vein as needed.

Chapter 9 – Critical Thinking

Developing a Project Quote for a Client

You have started your own design business, and have landed your first potential client. The Greenwood Modern
Art Museum would like you to develop a new logo, as well as a postcard introducing the logo to volunteers and
donors. Develop your own quote for the work, including these elements:

• Your company rate and contact iinformation.

• The types of consultation, research, and design activities you will be performing.

• The number of hours and hourly rate for each activity.

• Each line item total, and overall quote total.

You can develop your quote in a word processing, spreadsheet, or other program as desired. If you find a quote
template (or another similar template, such as an invoice), feel free to adapt and reuse it as desired. As required by
your instructor, either discuss your invoice result in groups or submit your example for grading.

478 LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION

478 LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION

Chapter 10

Working with Color
and Type

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LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION 479

CHAPTER 10 Chapter 10 Working with Color and Type
OVERVIEW
Lesson 20 | Using Color to Lesson 21 | Adding Type to a Poster
This chapter details the color and type Enhance Signage
tools and techniques at your disposal Create and edit area and point type
when you create artwork in Illustrator. Understand color modes and the main color controls Import text
Create, edit, and paint with colors using a variety of Create columns of text
Lesson 20: Key skills include creating methods Change text attributes
and painting fills and shapes, using the Name and save colors, and build a color palette Modify text with the Touch Type tool
Color Guide panel for inspiration, working Work with color groups Create and edit paragraph and character styles
with color groups, recoloring artwork, Use the Color Guide panel Copy and apply text attributes by sampling type
and more. The lesson concludes with an Explore the Edit Colors/Recolor Artwork features Wrap type around an object
overview of teamwork and leadership. Copy and paint appearance attributes from one object Reshape text with a warp
to another Create type on a path and on shapes
Lesson 21: Key skills include creating and Work with Live Paint Create text outlines
editing point type and column type, wrap- Explore teamwork and leadership
ping and reshaping columns of text, using End-of-Chapter Activities
the Touch Type tool to modify text, and
creating type on paths and shapes.

Files Needed for This Chapter:

20Start.ai

21Start.ai

21Text.txt

CT10Start.ai

PB10Start.ai

480 LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION 480

CHAPTER OPENER

In Chapters 8 and 9, you used shapes and drawing tools to create sophisticated
illustrations. In this chapter, you’ll dive into professional-level techniques for
applying and modifying multiple colors and types of text—two major components
of many graphic design illustrations.

MEET INDIVIDUAL NEEDS

More advanced learners: Choose up to three more advanced learners—including
any who are already familiar with Illustrator—to act as the Illustrator Shortcut Police.
As you move through the chapter—perhaps all the Illustrator chapters—it’s their job
to point out keyboard shortcuts for pull-down menu options or other commands.
Have them keep a running list to display or distribute to the class.

480 LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION

Using Color to Enhance Signage Lesson 20 FOCUS AND ENGAGE

Lesson 20 Overview Introduce the Lesson

In this lesson, you’ll learn how to do the following: Collect—or ask students to collect—and
examine photographs of commercial sig-
• Understand color modes and the main color • Use the Color Guide panel. nage for their use of color. As you review
controls. • Explore the Edit Colors/Recolor Artwork features. the skills listed in the Lesson 20 Overview,
• Copy and paint appearance attributes from one share that in this lesson students will learn
• Create, edit, and paint with colors using a variety to make organized and meaningful color
of methods. object to another. choices for their Illustrator artwork.
• Work with Live Paint.
• Name and save colors, and build a color palette. • Explore teamwork and leadership.

• Work with color groups.

Spice up your illustrations with colors by taking advantage of color controls in Adobe Illustrator CC. In this
information-packed lesson, you’ll discover how to create and paint fills and strokes, use the Color Guide panel for
inspiration, work with color groups, recolor artwork, and more.

Opening the Project File

In this lesson, you will learn about the fundamentals of color and create and edit
colors for a park sign and logo, using the Color panel, Swatches panel, and more.
To begin, you’ll open Adobe Illustrator and restore the default preferences.

Try It!

1. Start Illustrator, and then immediately hold down Ctrl+Alt+Shift (Windows) or
Command+Option+Shift (Mac OS) to reset the default settings.

2. When prompted, click Yes to confirm that you want to delete the Adobe Illustra-
tor Settings file.

3. Choose File > Open, navigate to the folder holding the data files for this chapter,
and double-click 20Start.ai to open it.

The project file for the lesson.

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LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION 481

TEACHING TIPS Lesson 20 Using Color to Enhance Signage

If in Chapter 6 you created a classroom Note: If you don’t see Reset 4. Choose File > Save As, navigate to the location where your instructor directs you
chart on RGB vs. CMYK—or had students Essentials in the menu, choose to save files for this chapter’s projects, and rename the file 20End_xx.ai. Click
create one in their notes—refer back to it Window > Workspace > Essentials Save. In the Illustrator Options dialog box, leave the options at their default set-
now. It should look something like this: before choosing Window > tings, and then click OK.
Workspace > Reset Essentials.
RGB 5. Choose Window > Workspace > Reset Essentials.
Note: To learn more about color
• For onscreen/web use (72 dpi standard) and graphics, search for “About Exploring Color Modes
color” in Illustrator Help (Help >
• Raw camera files are in RGB Illustrator Help). There are many ways to experiment with and apply color to your artwork in Adobe
Illustrator CC. As you work with color, it’s important to keep in mind the medium in
• Emailing/digital transfer converts which the artwork will be published, such as a print piece or a website. The colors
docs to RBG you create need to be described in the correct way for the medium. This usually
requires that you use the correct color mode and color definitions for your colors.
• Red, Green, Blue LIGHT combine The first part, color modes, will be described next.
to = white
Before starting a new illustration, you should decide which color mode the artwork
• “additive” colors should use, CMYK or RGB.

• gamut includes neon colors • CMYK—Cyan, magenta, yellow, and black are the colors used in four-color
process printing. These four colors are combined and overlapped in a screen
CMYK pattern to create a multitude of other colors. Select this mode for printing (in the
New Document dialog box or the File > Document Color Mode menu).
• For print use (300 dpi standard)
• RGB—Red, green, and blue light are added together in various ways to create
• Can convert RGB to CMYK in an array of colors. Select this mode if you are using images for onscreen
Photoshop presentations or the Internet.

• Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black INK When creating a new document by choosing File > New, each profile has a spe-
cific color mode. For instance, the Print profile uses the CMYK color mode. You can
• (black = K, not B, to avoid confusion change the color mode by clicking the arrow to the left of Advanced and making a
with blue) selection in the Color Mode menu.

• C + M + Y = black (sort of) Display the Advanced settings in the New Document dialog box to choose a color mode.

• “subtractive” colors When a color mode is selected, the applicable panels open, displaying colors in the
selected color mode. You can change the color mode of a document, after a file is
• printing in CMYK is called four-color created, by choosing File > Document Color Mode and then selecting either CMYK
process printing Color or RGB Color in the menu.

• gamut includes some pastels and 482 LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION
pure black

Choose File > New to display the New
Document window.

Set the Profile to Print if it isn’t there
already. What is the default document
size? What about the color mode? What
does PPI: 300 mean?

Change the Profile to Web. What happens
to the document size, color mode, and PPI?

Click Cancel to close the New Document
window.

Discussion Topic

How can you change—or verify—the
color profile of a document you’ve
already opened?

482 LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION

Using Color to Enhance Signage Lesson 20 TEACHING TIPS

Working with Color Write the following list on the board—and
encourage students to jot it in the margin
In this lesson, you‘ll learn about the traditional methods of coloring (also called of their notes—and check off each as you
painting) objects in Illustrator using a combination of panels and tools, such as the address it:
Control panel, Color panel, Swatches panel, Color Guide panel, Color Picker, and the
paint options in the Tools panel. Control panel

The Illustrator fill and stroke boxes on the Tools panel. Note: The Tools panel you see Color panel
may be a single column, and that
Before you jump into color, though, let’s discuss stroke and fill. In previous lessons, just depends on the resolution of Swatches panel
you learned that objects in Illustrator can have a fill, a stroke, or both. At the bottom your screen.
of the Tools panel, notice the Fill and Stroke boxes. The Fill box is white (in this case), Color guide panel
and the Stroke box is Black. If you click those boxes one at a time, you’ll see that Note: Throughout this lesson,
whichever you click is brought in front of the other and is selected. When a color is you’ll be working on a document Color picker
then chosen, it is applied to the fill or stroke, whichever is selected. As you explore with a color mode that was set to
more of Illustrator, you’ll see these fill and stroke boxes in lots of other places such as CMYK when the document was Paint options in Tool panel
the Color panel, Swatches panel, and more. created, which means that the
majority of colors you create will, At step #3, have students double click
As you will see in this section, Illustrator provides a lot of ways to arrive at the color by default, be composed of cyan, the Sign Bg swatch to open its Swatch
you need. You’ll start by applying an existing color to a shape and then work your magenta, yellow, and black. Options panel. What are the color’s
way through the most widely used methods for creating and applying color. CMYK values?

Applying an Existing Color

As was mentioned previously, every new document in Illustrator has a series of
default colors available for you to use in your artwork in the form of swatches in the
Swatches panel. The first method of working with color you will explore is to paint
a shape with an existing color.

Try It!

1. Choose 1 from the Artboard Navigation menu in the lower-left corner of
the Document window (if it’s not chosen already), and then choose View >
Fit Artboard In Window.

2. With the Selection tool ( ), click to select the large red shape.

3. Click the Fill color in the Control panel ( ), and the Swatches panel appears.
Position the pointer over swatches in the list to reveal a tooltip with the swatch
name. Click to apply the swatch named “Sign Bg.” Press the Escape key to hide
the Swatches panel.

By choosing the Fill color in the Control panel, you are telling Illustrator you
want to change the color of the fill for the selected artwork.

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LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION 483

Discussion Topic Lesson 20 Using Color to Enhance Signage

At step #4, notice what’s happened to the
Fill box in the tools panel.

Select the Sign Bg swatch in the Swatches panel.

4. Choose Select > Deselect to ensure that nothing is selected.

Creating a Custom Color Using the Color Panel

There are a lot of ways to create your own custom color in Illustrator. Using the Color
panel (Window > Color), you can apply color to an object’s fill and stroke and also edit
and mix colors using different color models (CMYK, for example). The Color panel
displays the current fill and stroke of the selected content, and you can either visually
select a color from the color spectrum bar at the bottom of the panel or mix your
own colors, changing the color values in various ways.

The Illustrator Color panel.

Next, you’ll create a custom color using the Color panel.

Try It!

1. With the Selection tool ( ), click to select the white bar above the green bar on
the sign, in the middle of the artboard.

2. Choose Window > Color to open the Color panel. Click the Color panel menu
icon ( ) and choose CMYK from the menu (if it’s not already selected), and
then choose Show Options from the same menu.

Note: You can drag the bottom Select the white bar above the green bar.
of the Color panel down
to reveal more of the color 3. In the Color panel, click the white Fill box (if it’s not selected). An arrow is point-
spectrum bar. ing to it in the following figure. Click in the light green part of the color spectrum
to sample a light green color and apply it to the fill.

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484 LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION

Using Color to Enhance Signage Lesson 20 Discussion Topic

Since the spectrum bar is so small, you most likely won’t achieve the same color At step #1 at the bottom of the page, how
as shown in the figure below. That’s okay, because you’ll edit it shortly to match. can you tell that the Fill box is selected?

Sampling a color from the spectrum bar fills the shape with light green. Note: Each CMYK value is a
percentage of 100.
If artwork is selected when you create a color in the Color panel, the color is
automatically applied.

4. In the Color panel, type the following values in the CMYK text fields: C=42, M=0,
Y=62, K=0. This ensures that we are all using the same color.

Type the values for each color.

Colors created in the Color panel are not saved anywhere except in the fill or
stroke of the selected artwork. If you want to easily reuse the color you just
created elsewhere in this document, you can save it as a swatch in the Swatches
panel. All documents start with a set number of swatches, as mentioned earlier,
but any colors in the Swatches panel are available to the current document only
(by default), since each document has its own defined swatches.

Saving a Color as a Swatch

You can name and save different types of colors, gradients, and patterns in the
Swatches panel as swatches so that you can apply and edit them later. Swatches are
listed in the Swatches panel in the order in which they were created, but you can
reorder or organize the swatches into groups to suit your needs.

Next, you’ll save the green color you just created in the Color panel as a swatch.

Try It!

1. Choose Window > Swatches to open the Swatches panel. Making sure that the
green Fill box is selected (an arrow is pointing to it in the figure), click the New
Swatch button ( ) at the bottom of the panel to create a swatch from the fill
color of the selected artwork.

Select the Fill box and click New Swatch.

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Discussion Topic Lesson 20 Using Color to Enhance Signage

How do you switch from Fill color to 2. In the New Swatch dialog box, change the following options:
Stroke color? • Swatch Name: Light Green
• Add To My Library: Deselected (In Lesson 26 you’ll learn all about libraries.)
Note: Naming colors can be an
art form. You can name them
according to their value (C=45, ...),
appearance (Light Green), or a
descriptive name like “text header,”
among other attributes.

Deselect Add to My Library.

3. Click OK.
Notice that the new Light Green swatch is highlighted in the Swatches panel (it
has a white border around it). That’s because it is applied to the selected shape
automatically. You may need to scroll in the Swatches panel to see it.

4. With the Selection tool ( ), select the third white tree from the left, on the top of
the sign.

5. In the Swatches panel on the right, drag the bottom of the panel down to see
more swatches. Ensure that the Fill box at the top of the panel is selected to
paint the fill of the shape, and select the swatch named “Light Green” to apply it.

Select the tree. Apply the swatch named “Light Green.”

When applying a swatch from the Swatches panel, it’s always important to select
the stroke or the fill first so that it paints the right part.

6. Click the Stroke box at the top of the Swatches panel to paint the stroke of
the selected shape (an arrow is pointing to it in the figure). Select the None
swatch ( ) in the Swatches panel to remove the stroke.

Select the Stroke box and then click the None swatch.

7. Choose Select > Deselect.

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486 LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION

Using Color to Enhance Signage Lesson 20 TEACHING TIP

Creating a Copy of a Swatch If, in step #2, Light Green isn’t at the top
left of the swatches panel (in the Fill box)
Next, you will create another swatch by copying and editing the Light Green swatch. reselect the tree you just filled.

Try It!

1. Click the green Fill box at the top of the Swatches panel.
2. Click the New Swatch button ( ) at the bottom of the Swatches panel.

With the Fill box selected, click New Swatch. Note: In the New Swatch dialog
box, the Color Mode menu lets
Clicking the New Swatch button creates a swatch from the fill or stroke color you change the color mode of
(whichever is active or up front at the top of the Swatches panel). If the None a specific color to RGB, CMYK,
swatch is applied, you won’t be able to click the New Swatch button (it’ll Grayscale, or another mode,
be dimmed). when you create it.

3. In the New Swatch dialog box, change the name to Orange, change the values Note: If the tree shape had still
to C=15, M=45, Y=70, K=0, and make sure that Add To My Library is deselected. been selected, it would be filled
Click OK. with the new orange color.

4. With the Selection tool ( ), click the white bar above the Light Green–filled bar
to select it. Click the Fill color in the Control panel, and click to select the color
named “Orange.”

Fill the shape with the new Orange swatch.

Editing a Swatch

After a color is created and saved in the Swatches panel, you can later edit that color
if you need to. Next, you’ll edit the Sign Bg swatch.

Try It!

1. With the Selection tool ( ) selected, click to select the large brown sign shape
you first applied a fill color to.

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LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION 487

Discussion Topic Lesson 20 Using Color to Enhance Signage

Why might you want to make certain 2. Make sure that the Fill box is selected in the Swatches panel, and then double-click
colors global? the swatch named “Sign Bg” in the Swatches panel. In the Swatch Options dialog
box, change the K value to 0, select Preview to see the change, and then click OK.

Change the K value for the swatch.

When you edit a swatch, artwork with the swatch color applied to the fill or
stroke will not be updated unless the artwork is selected or the swatch is a global
color (more about global colors in the next section). Editing a swatch will not
update the colored objects by default.

Creating and Editing a Global Swatch

Next, you will create a color and make it a global color. When you edit a global color,
all artwork with that swatch applied, regardless of whether it’s selected, is updated.

Try It!

1. With the Selection tool ( ), click to select the white bar above the orange bar.

Select the white bar above the orange bar.

2. In the Swatches panel, click the New Swatch button ( ) at the bottom of the
panel. In the New Swatch dialog box, change the following options:

Settings for the new global swatch.
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Using Color to Enhance Signage Lesson 20 Discussion Topic

• Swatch Name: Forest Green How can you tell that a swatch on the
• Global: Selected Swatches panel is a global color?
• Change the CMYK values to C=91, M=49, Y=49, K=0
• Add To My Library: Deselected

3. Click OK.
In the Swatches panel, notice that the new swatch is in the top row of colors,
to the right of the white swatch. When you selected the shape, it was filled with
white, so the white swatch was selected in the panel. When you click the New
Swatch button to make a new color, it duplicates the selected swatch and puts
the new swatch next to the original.

4. Click and drag the Forest Green swatch to the right of the Orange swatch to
keep them together.

Drag the global swatch to a new location.

As you interact with the Forest Green swatch, notice the little white triangle in
the lower-right corner. This indicates that it’s a global swatch.

5. With the Selection tool, click the second white tree from the left (see the follow-
ing figure). Make sure the Fill box is selected (active) in the Swatches panel, and
apply the new “Forest Green” swatch to the fill.

Select the tree. Apply the swatch.

6. Change the Stroke weight in the Control panel to 0 by either typing in the value
or clicking the down arrow to remove it.

7. Choose Select > Deselect.
Now you’ll see the power of a global swatch.

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Discussion Topic Lesson 20 Using Color to Enhance Signage

How might a global color be helpful if Note: You can change an 8. In the Swatches panel, double-click the Forest Green swatch. In the Swatch
you’re updating a corporate or school existing swatch into a global Options dialog box, change the K value to 24, select Preview to see the changes
color palette? swatch, but it requires a bit (you may need to click in another field to see the change), and then click OK.
more effort. You either need to
select all of the shapes with that
swatch applied before you edit
the swatch and make it global,
or you edit the swatch to make
it global and then reapply the
swatch to the content.

Changing a color in a global swatch changes it for all objects filled with that color.

All of the shapes with the global swatch applied are updated, even though they
weren’t selected.

Using the Color Picker to Create Color

Another method for creating color is to use the Color Picker. The Color Picker
lets you select color in a color field and in a spectrum either by defining colors
numerically or by clicking a swatch, and it is found in other Adobe applications like
InDesign and Photoshop. Next, you will create a color using the Color Picker and
then save that color as a swatch in the Swatches panel.

Try It!

1. With the Selection tool ( ), click the bottom white bar on the sign.

2. Double-click the Fill box at the top of the Swatches panel to open the Color Picker.

Note: You can also double-click
the Fill box (or Stroke box) in the
Color panel or at the bottom of
the Tools panel to access the
Color Picker.

Select the shape. Double-click the Fill box.

In the Color Picker dialog box, the larger color field shows saturation (horizon-
tally) and brightness (vertically) and is labeled “A” in the next figure. The color
spectrum bar (labeled “B” in the figure) shows the hue.

3. In the Color Picker dialog box, click and drag up and down in the color spectrum
bar to change the color range. Make sure that you wind up with the triangles in
an orange/brown hue (it doesn’t have to be exact).

Note: You can also change 4. Click and drag in the color field. As you drag right and left, you adjust the satu-
the color spectrum you see by ration, and as you drag up and down, you adjust the brightness. The color you
selecting H, S, B, R, G, or B. create when you click OK (don’t yet) appears in the New color rectangle, labeled
“C” in the figure. Don’t worry about matching the color in the figure yet.

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490 LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION

Using Color to Enhance Signage Lesson 20 TEACHING TIP

C Go to PANTONE.com and browse
the home page. What is PANTONE?
A What products do they sell? What is
B today’s PANTONE color of the day?
What resources are available under
Drag in the color spectrum bar. Drag in the color field. PANTONE Features? Students may find
the seasonal Fashion Color reports and
5. In the CMYK fields, change the values to C=40, M=65, Y=90, and K=33. 50 Years of PANTONE Color infographic
especially interesting.
6. Click OK, and you should see that the brown is applied to the fill of the shape.
Discussion Topic
7. In the Swatches panel, click the New Swatch button ( ) at the bottom of the Note: The Color Swatches
panel, and name the color Dark Brown in the New Swatch dialog box. Select button in the Color Picker shows At step #1, stretch the bottom of the
Global, make sure that Add To My Library is deselected, and then click OK to see you the swatches in the Swatches PANTONE+ Solid Coated swatches panel
the color appear as a swatch in the Swatches panel. panel and the default color books down and to the right until you can see
(the sets of swatches that come all the swatches in a single window. How
8. Choose Select > Deselect, and then choose File > Save. with Illustrator), and it lets you many colors are there?
select a color from one. You can
Using Illustrator Swatch Libraries return to the color spectrum by
clicking the Color Models button
Swatch libraries are collections of preset colors, such as PANTONE and TOYO, and and then editing the swatch color
thematic libraries, such as Earthtone and Ice Cream. Illustrator has default swatch values, if necessary.
libraries that appear as separate panels when you open them, and these cannot
be edited. When you apply color from a library to artwork, the color in the library
becomes a swatch that is saved in that document only and appears in the Swatches
panel. Libraries are a great starting point for creating colors.

Next, you will create a spot color, which prints using a spot ink, using a PANTONE+
library. You will then apply that color to a logo. When color is defined in Illustrator
and later printed, the appearance of the color could vary. This is why most printers
and designers rely on a color-matching system, like the PANTONE system, to help
maintain color consistency and, in some cases, to give a wider range of colors.

Sometimes it’s practical to use process (typically CMYK) and spot inks (PANTONE, for
instance) in the same job. For example, you might use one spot ink to print the exact
color of a company logo on the same pages of an annual report where photographs
are reproduced using process color. You can also use a spot-color printing plate to
apply a varnish over areas of a process color job. In both cases, your print job would
use a total of five inks—four process inks and one spot ink or varnish.

Adding a Spot Color Note: You could also choose
Window > Swatch Libraries >
In this section, you will see how to load a color library, such as the PANTONE color system, Color Books > PANTONE+
and how to add a PANTONE MATCHING SYSTEM (PMS) color to the Swatches panel. Solid Coated.

Try It!

1. In the Swatches panel, click the Swatch Libraries Menu button ( ) at the bottom
of the panel. Choose Color Books > PANTONE+ Solid Coated.
The PANTONE+ Solid Coated library appears in its own panel.

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LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION 491

Discussion Topic Lesson 20 Using Color to Enhance Signage

In your swatches panel, how can you 2. Type 755 in the Find field. As you type, the list is filtered, showing a smaller
tell PANTONE colors from process or and smaller range of swatches. Type another 5 so that 7555 appears in the
global colors? search field.

3. Click the swatch beneath the search field to add it to the Swatches panel. Click
the X to the right of the search field to stop the filtering.

Open the color library. Select the swatch after filtering the list.

4. Close the PANTONE+ Solid Coated panel.

Note: If you exit Illustrator with 5. Choose 2 Artboard 2 from the Artboard Navigation menu in the lower-left corner
the PANTONE library panel of the Document window.
still open and then relaunch
Illustrator, the panel does not 6. With the Selection tool ( ), click the first white-filled tree shape on the left. Make
reopen. To automatically open sure the Fill box is selected (active) in the Swatches panel, and select the PAN-
the panel whenever Illustrator TONE 7555 C swatch to fill the shape.
opens, choose Persistent from
the PANTONE+ Solid Coated
panel menu ( ).

Note: Now that you know a
number of ways to apply a fill
and stroke (the Swatches panel
and Control panel), you can use
either of those methods to apply
color swatches going forward.

Select the tree. Apply the PANTONE swatch.

7. Change the Stroke weight to 0 in the Control panel.

8. Choose Select > Deselect, and then choose File > Save.

PANTONE Swatches vs. Other Swatches
in the Swatches Panel

In the Swatches panel, you can identify spot-color swatches by the spot-color
icon ( ) when the panel is in List view or by the dot in the lower corner ( )
when the panel is in Thumbnail view. Process colors do not have a spot-color
icon or a dot. To learn more about color libraries and spot colors, search for
“About color” in Illustrator Help (Help > Illustrator Help).

Creating and Saving a Tint of a Color

A tint is a mixture of a color with white to make the color lighter. You can create a tint
from a global process color, like CMYK, or from a spot color.
Next, you will create a tint of the PANTONE swatch.

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492 LEARNING GRAPHIC DESIGN & ILLUSTRATION