Hindi Ganit 3rd

भारत का संविधान
भाग 4 क

मलू करव्त ्य

अनुच्देछ 51 क
मूल करत्व्य- भारत के प्रत्येक नागरिक का यह कर्वत ्य होगा कि वह –
(क) संविधान का पालन करे और उसके आदर्शों, ससं ्थाओं, राष्ट्र ध्वज और राष्रटग् ान

का आदर करे;
(ख) स्वततं ्रता क े लिए हमारे राष््रट ीय आदं ोलन को प्रेरित करने वाले उच्च आदर्शों को

हृदय में संजाएे रखे और उनका पालन करें;
(ग) भारत की प्रभतु ा, एकता और अखडं ता की रक्षा करे और उसे अक्ुणष ्ण रखें;
(घ) देश की रक्षा करे और आह्वान किए जाने पर राष्ट्र की सवे ा कर;े
(ङ) भारत के सभी लोगों मंे समरसता और समान भ्रातृत्व की भावना का निर्मणा करे

जो धर्म, भाषा और प्रदेश या वर्ग पर आधारित सभी भेदभावों से परे हो, ऐसी
प्रथाओं का त्याग करे जो स्त्रियों के सम्मान के विरुद्ध ह;ै
(च) हमारी सामासिक ससं ्कतृ ि की गौरवशाली परंपरा का महत्त्व समझे और उसका
परिरक्षण करे;
(छ) प्राकृतिक पर्यावरण की, जिसके अतं र्गत वन, झील, नदी और वन्य जीव हं,ै रक्षा
करे और उसका संवर्धन करे तथा प्राणिमात्र के प्रति दयाभाव रख;े
(ज) वजै ्ञानिक दृष्टिकोण, मानववाद और ज्ञानार्जन तथा सधु ार की भावना का विकास
कर;ें
(झ) सार्वजनिक सपं त्ति को सुरक्षित रखे और हिंसा से दरू रहे;
(ञ) व्यक्तिगत और सामहू िक गतिविधियों के सभी क्षेत्रों में उत्कर्ष की ओर बढ़ने का
सतत प्रयास करे जिससे राष्ट र् निरंतर बढ़ते हुए प्रयत्न और उपलब्धि की नई
ऊँचाइयों को छू ले;
(ट) यदि माता-पिता या सरं क्षक ह,ै छह वर्ष से चौदह वर्ष तक की आय ु वाले अपने,
यथास्थिति, बालक या प्रतिपाल्य के लिए शिक्षा के अवसर प्रदान करे ।























n nm±M Qw>H$‹S>m|dmbm Q>¡ZJ«m‘ (nhobr) V¡¶ma H$aZo H$s {d{Y &
EH$ dJm©H$ma H$mJO bmo &

Cg H$mJO H$mo ‘mo‹S>H$a, dJ© H$m ‘ܶq~Xþ kmV H$amo & Bgr àH$ma 12 3
Mmam| H$moam|$Ho$ ‘ܶq~XþAm| na {Mh²Z ~ZmAmo & AmH¥${V ‘| {XImE AZwgma, 4
aIo mIS§ > ItMH$a, dJ© H$o ‘ܶq~Xþ VWm H$mao m| H$o ‘ܶq~XAþ m| H$mo {‘bmAmo & 5

AmH$¥ {V ‘| {XImE AZgw ma, aIo mIS§ >m| na H$mQ>H$a nmM± Q>wH$S‹ >o V¶¡ ma H$amo & 12
n g§b½Z Q>¡ZJ«m‘ H$m Cn¶moJ H$aHo$, {ZåZ{b{IV àíZm| Ho$ CËVa kmV H$amo & 3

F Vwåhmao Q>¡ZJ«m‘ ‘| Hw$b {H$VZo {Ì^wO h¢ ? 54

F ³¶m g^r {Ì^wO g‘mZ h¢ ?

F ³¶m Xmo {Ì^wOm| H$mo {‘bmH$a, EH$ dJ© V¡¶ma {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡ ?

F ³¶m Xmo {Ì^wOm| H$mo {‘bmH$a, EH$ ~‹S>m {Ì^wO V¡¶ma hmoJm ?

F Bg Q>¡ZJ«m‘ ‘| {H$VZo dJ© h¢ ? {H$VZo MVw^w©O h¢ ?

F {MÌm| H$s q~{X¶m| H$mo {‘bmH$a, H$mJO na ItMr JB© AmH¥${V¶m± nhMmZmo & CZ‘| go {Ì^wOm| H$mo bmb a§J
‘|, dJm] H$mo Zrbo a§J ‘| VWm Am¶Vm| H$mo hao a§J ‘| a±Jmo &

- {ejH$m| Ho$ {bE : YmJo H$s ghm¶Vm go d¥ËV, Am¶V, dJ© VWm {Ì^wO O¡go AmH$ma {dX²¶m{W©¶m| go ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE H$h| & AbJ-
AbJ Q>¡ZJ«m‘ àmßV H$aHo$, CZgo AbJ-AbJ AmH¥${V¶m± V¡¶ma H$aZo Ho$ {bE {dX²¶m{W©¶m| H$mo àmoËgmhZ X| &

4

g§»`mkmZ

F ZrMo Xr JB© gmaUr ‘|, 1 go 10 VH$ H$s g§»¶mdmbo Mm¡IQ>m| H$mo bmb a§J ‘|, 11 go 20 VH$ H$s
g§»¶mdmbo Mm¡IQ>m| H$mo hao a§J ‘|, ... Bg àH$ma {d{^ÝZ a§Jm| H$m Cn¶moJ H$aHo$ g^r Mm¡IQ>m| H$mo a±Jmo &
99 19 78 45 59 80 67 98 46 47

18 82 79 8 40 39 97 5 68 26

51 4 58 88 13 75 17 95 52 16

83 81 71 34 87 1 96 38 25 27

32 77 2 76 12 63 53 60 9 37

65 10 100 14 64 24 11 94 93 36

31 72 41 55 29 54 22 35 3 48

84 30 15 6 86 23 62 61 70 69

57 66 56 73 33 89 7 42 92 49

44 85 28 74 20 50 90 91 21 43

n 26 go 99 VH$ H$s g§»¶mAm| H$m Ajam| ‘| boIZ & 29 CZVrg 30 Vrg
26 N>ã~rg 27 gËVmB©g 28 AQ²>R>mB©g 34 Mm¢Vrg 35 n¢Vrg
31 BH$Vrg 32 ~ËVrg 33 V¢Vrg 39 CZVmbrg 40 Mmbrg
36 N>ËVrg 37 g¢Vrg 38 A‹S>Vrg 44 Mdmbrg 45 n¢Vmbrg
41 BH$Vmbrg 42 ~¶mbrg 43 V¢Vmbrg 49 CZMmg 50 nMmg
46 {N>¶mbrg 47 g¢Vmbrg 48 A‹S>Vmbrg 54 Mm¡dZ 55 nMnZ
51 B³¶mdZ 52 ~mdZ 53 {VanZ 59 CZgR> 60 gmR>
56 N>ßnZ 57 gËVmdZ 58 AQ²>R>mdZ 64 Mm¢gR> 65 n¢gR>
61 BH$gR> 62 ~mgR> 63 {VagR> 69 CZhËVa 70 gËVa
66 {N>`mgR> 67 g‹S>gR> 68 A‹S>gR> 74 Mm¡hËVa 75 nMhËVa
71 BH$hËVa 72 ~hËVa 73 {VhËVa 79 CZmgr 80 Añgr
76 {N>hËVa 77 gVhËVa 78 AR>hËVa 84 Mm¡amgr 85 nMmgr
81 B³¶mgr 82 ~¶mgr 83 {Vamgr 89 Zdmgr 90 Zã~o
86 {N>¶mgr 87 gVmgr 88 AR>mgr 94 Mm¡amZdo 95 nMmZdo
91 B³¶mZdo 92 ~mZdo 93 {VamZdo 99 {ZݶmZdo
96 {N>`mZdo 97 gVmZdo 98 AR>mZdo

- {ejH$m| Ho$ {bE : {H$gr Q>mBb na g§»¶mE± {bIH$a AWdm g§»¶mH$mS>© aIH$a, CZHo$ Mmam| Amoa {dX²¶m{W©¶m| H$mo I‹S>m
H$a| Am¡a g§»¶mAm| H$mo H«$‘ go ImoOZo H$m Iob IobdmE± &

5

gm¡ (eVH$) H$m n[aM¶ Z§Xy : ‘¢Zo EH$ gm¡ (eVH$) aZ ~ZmE &
Q>moZr : ¶o gm¡ Jmo{b¶m± h¢ &
gmoZr : ‘¢ EH$ g¡H$‹S>m AWm©V
gb_m : ‘¢Zo BZ My{‹S>¶m| H$mo {JZm & 100 g§Vao bmB© &
¶o 10 XhmB© h¢ &

{e{jH$m : Vw‘‘| go à˶oH$ H$m H$hZm ghr h¡ & à˶oH$ Zo EH$ hr g§»¶m H$mo AbJ-AbJ àH$ma go
~Vm¶m h¡ & gm¡ H$m AW© h¡ eVH$ BH$mB© ¶m Ho$db gm¡, Xg XhmB© H$m AW© h¡ gm¡, g¡H$‹S>o H$m
^r AW© h¡ gm¡ Am¡a EH$ gm¡ H$m AW© ^r h¡ gm¡ &

g¡

gmoZr Zo Bg ‘mbm Ho$ 100 ‘ZH$m| H$mo W¡br ‘| S>mb {X`m & ¶h ~Z JB© g¡H$‹S>odmbr W¡br &

XhmB© (XeH$)
Vr{b¶m± AWm©V 1 g¡H$‹S>m
Vr{b¶m± &

20 én¶m| Ho$ 5 ZmoQ>
AWm©V én`o,
A Wm©V 1 g ¡H$‹S >m én `o &

6

nyU© g¡H$‹S>m (eVH$)

9 ‘ZHo$ Am¡a 1 ‘ZH$m {‘bH$a 10 ‘ZHo$ &
10 dñVwAm| H$m g‘yh AWm©V EH$ XhmB© (XeH$)

X B 99 Xmo A§H$dmbr g~go ~‹S>r g§»¶m h¡ &
9 9 Cg‘| 1 {‘bmZo na, VrZ A§H$dmbr g§»¶m
1 100 V¡¶ma hþB© &

1 0 0
VrZ A§H$dmbr g§»¶m 100 ‘|, XhmB© H$s ~mBª Amoa Z¶m ñWmZ g¡H$‹S>o H$m h¡ &
100 AWm©V g¡ X B 100, VrZ A§H$dmbr g§»¶m h¡ &

1 0 0

g¡ g¡ Xm¡ gm¡ g¡ g¡ g¡ VrZ gm¡

g¡ g¡ g¡ g¡ Mma gm¡ g¡ g¡ g¡ g¡ g¡ nm±M gm¡

g¡ g¡ g¡ g¡ g¡ g¡ g¡ g¡ g¡ Zm¡ gm¡

X X X X X X X X X X 10 XhmB© AWm©V 1 g¡H$‹S>m
AWm©V EH$ gm¡ (100)

X X X X X X X X X X 20 XhmB© AWm©V 2 g¡H$‹S>m
X X X X X X X X X X AWm©V Xmo gm¡ (200)

40 XhmB© AWm©V 4 g¡H$‹S>m
AWm©V Mma gm¡ (400)

50 XhmB© AWm©V 5 g¡H$‹S>m
AWm©V nm±M gm¡ (500)

7

VrZ A§H$dmbr g§»¶mE± … n[aM¶ g§»¶m $
F Imbr Mm¡IQ>m| ‘|, g§»¶mE± Ajam| ‘| {bImo & g¡H$‹S>m XhmB© BH$mB© A§H$m| ‘| Ajam| ‘|

I{‹S>¶m (Mm°H$) boIZ boIZ

g¡ 1 0 1 101 EH$ gm¡ EH

g¡ 1 0 2 102 EH$ gm¡ Xmo
g¡ 1 0 3 103

g¡ 1 0 4 104

g¡ 1 0 5 105

g¡ 1 0 6 106

g¡ 1 0 7 107

g¡ 1 0 8 108

g¡ 1 0 9 109

g¡ 1 1 0 110

- {ejH$m| H$o {bE : 100 I{S‹ >¶m| H$m {S>ã~m, 10 I{S‹ >¶m| H$s Wb¡ r VWm N>wQ>²Q>m I{S‹ >¶m| H$m Cn¶mJo H$aH$o g»§ ¶mE± {bIZo H$o {bE H$h| &

8



VrZ A§H$dmbr g§»¶mE± … boIZ ({bIZm) VWm dmMZ (n‹T>Zm) &
F Mm¡IQ>m| ‘| ghr g§»¶mE± ^amo VWm g§»¶mAm| H$m dmMZ H$amo &

101 211 321 431 541 651 761 871 981

102 212 432 652 762 872 982

103 213 323 543

104 214 434 544 764 874

105 325 435 655 875 985

216 766

107 217 327 437 547 657 877

328 438 768 988

109 219 659

110 220 330 440 550 770 880 990

F {XE JE AH§ $m| H$o g‘hy H$o à˶Ho $ AH§ $ H$m H$o db EH$ ~ma Cn¶mJo H$aH$o VrZ AH§ $dmbr g»§ ¶mE± V¶¡ ma H$amo &

1 123, 132, 213, 231, 312, 321
2 3

3

05 305, 350, 530, 503

ܶmZ aImo {H$ 035, 053 ¶o VrZ A§H$dmbr g§»¶m Zht h¢, ³¶m|{H$ h‘ ¶o g§»¶mE± Ho$db Xmo A§H$m|

H$m Cn¶moJ H$aHo$ 35 VWm 53 {bI gH$Vo h¢ & 4 3
61

78 H$moB© ^r g§»¶6m bmo 2 g¡H$‹S>o Ho$ 9 H$m 5 ~XbH$a ZB© 0 7 H$amo &
VrZ A§H$dmbr & CgHo$ ñWmZ A§H$ g§»¶m V¡¶ma
Cgr àH$ma, XhmB© VWm BH$mB© Ho$ ñWmZdmbo A§H$m| H$mo ^r ~XbH$a ZB© g§»¶mE± V¡¶ma H$amo &

- {ejH$m| Ho$ {bE : Wmn H$m AW© g¡H$‹S>m, Vmbr H$m AW© XhmB©, MwQ>H$s H$m AW© BH$mB©; Eogm g‘PH$a g§»¶mE± V¡¶ma H$admE± &

10

{nN>br g§»¶m, AJbr g§»¶m
F ZrMo Xr JB© g§»¶mnQ²>{Q>¶m| H$s g§»¶mAm| H$m dmMZ H$amo &

99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110

215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226

399 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410

F D$na Xr JB© g§»¶mnQ²>{Q>¶m| H$s ghm¶Vm go Mm¡IQ>m| ‘| g§b½Z AJbr g§»¶mE± {bImo &

D 105, D 220, D 409, D 219,

F D$na Xr JB© g§»¶mnQ²>{Q>¶m| H$s ghm¶Vm go Mm¡IQ>m| ‘| g§b½Z {nN>br g§»¶mE± {bImo &

D , 400 D , 107 D , 218 D , 110

F D$na Xr JB© g»§ ¶mnQ>²{Q>¶m| H$s ghm¶Vm go MmI¡ Q>m| ‘| gb§ ½Z {nN>br VWm gb§ ½Z AJbr g»§ ¶mE± {bImo &

D , 217 , D , 100 , D , 409 ,

F Xr JB© g§»¶m H$s g§b½Z AJbr g§»¶m, Cg g§»¶m go {H$VZr ~‹S>r hmoVr h¡ ?

F Xr JB© g§»¶m H$s g§b½Z {nN>br g§»¶m, Cg g§»¶m go {H$VZr N>moQ>r hmoVr h¡ ?

F 435 ‘| 1 {‘bmZo na AmZodmbr g§»¶m H$m¡Z-gr ?

F 435 ‘| go 1 H$‘ H$aZo na AmZodmbr g§»¶m H$m¡Z-gr ?

F Mm¡IQ>m| ‘| g§b½Z AJbr VWm g§b½Z {nN>br g§»¶mE± {bImo &

D 118 , 119 , 120 D , 200 , D , 391,
, 707,
D , 599 , D , 800 , D
,
F Xr JB© g§»¶m H$s AJbr, H$moB© ^r VrZ g§»¶mE± Mm¡IQ>m| ‘| {bImo &
, 601
D 555, 600 , 650 , 977 D 399, ,

F Xr JB© g§»¶m H$s {nN>br, H$moB© ^r VrZ g§»¶mE± Mm¡IQ>m| ‘| {bImo &

D 99 , 312 , 407 , 500 D, ,

- {ejH$m| Ho$ {bE : 100, 199, 300, 499, 201, 590 O¡gr g§»¶mAm| H$s AJbr VWm {nN>br g§»¶mE± ~VmZo H$m Aä¶mg
H$admE± &

11

"N>moQ>m-~‹S>m' hmoZo Ho$ {bE {Mh²Zm| H$m Cn¶moJ … < , >

F g§»¶mAm| H$m "N>moQ>m-~‹S>m' hmoZm {ZYm©[aV H$amo …

g§»¶mE± 8, 2 77, 59 39, 9 14, 35 67, 32

N>moQ>r g§»¶m

~‹S>r g§»¶m

n {Mh²Zm| H$m Cn¶moJ Y Y Y
Y Y Y
Y YY
Y YY
Y Y

5 > 2 H$m dmMZ : 5 ~‹S>r h¡ 2 go 2 < 5 H$m dmMZ : 2 N>moQ>r h¡ 5 go

27   91  49

40

27 < 40 H$m dmMZ : 27 N>moQ>r h¡ 40 go 91 > 49 H$m dmMZ : 91 ~‹S>r h¡ 49 go

F ZrMo {XE JE Mm¡IQ>m| ‘| >, < ‘| go ghr {Mh²Z ~ZmAmo &

10 >  9   9 10  5  3   3  5

50  49  49 50  23  25  73  75

500 499 499 500 500 300 600 400

Q>moZr : Xr JB© XmoZm| g§»¶mE± Xmo A§H$dmbr hm|, Vmo CZ‘| N>moQ>r-~‹S>r hmoZo H$m g§~§Y h‘ {ZYm©[aV H$a
gH$Vo h¢ na§Vw EH$ g§»¶m Xmo A§H$dmbr Am¡a EH$ g§»¶m VrZ A§H$dmbr hmo, Vmo ?

{e{jH$m : nhbo Xmo A§H$dmbr g§»¶mAm| ‘| go g~go ~‹S>r g§»¶m ~VmAmo &
Q>moZr : AmgmZ h¡ & Xmo A§H$dmbr g^r g§»¶mAm| ‘| 99 g~go ~‹S>r g§»¶m h¡ &
99 go ~‹S>r g§b½Z g§»¶m h¡ 100 & ¶h Vmo VrZ A§H$dmbr g§»¶m h¡ &
{e{jH$m : Vw‘ g‘P Vmo JE hmo Z, {H$ Xmo A§H$dmbr H$moB© g§»¶m, 99 ¶m Cggo N>moQ>r hmoVr h¡ & AV… dh

100 go ^r N>moQ>r hmoVr h¡ & VrZ A§H$dmbr H$moB© g§»¶m, 100 ¶m Cggo ~‹S>r hmoVr h¡ &
Q>moZr : Bg AmYma na ܶmZ ‘| AmVm h¡ {H$ VrZ A§H$dmbr g§»¶m, Xmo A§H$dmbr g§»¶m go ~‹S>r hr

hmoVr h¡ &
gb‘m : Cgr àH$ma {dMma H$a|, Vmo Xmo A§H$dmbr g§»¶m, EH$ A§H$dmbr g§»¶m go ~‹S>r hr hmoVr h¡ &
{e{jH$m : {~bHw$b R>rH$ &

12



~‹T>Vm-KQ>Vm H«$‘>

Q>moZr, gmoZr, gb‘m VWm Z§Xÿ H$mo J{UV {df¶ ‘| {ZåZmZwgma A§H$ {‘bo &
Q>moZr 70, gb‘m 87, gmoZr 79, Z§Xÿ 85

BZ g^r Ho$ A§H$ ~‹T>Vo H«$‘ ‘| VWm KQ>Vo H«$‘ ‘| {bImo &>
~‹T>Vm> H«$‘ : 70, 79, 85, 87 KQ>Vm H«$‘ : 87, 85, 79, 70

F ZrMo Xr JB© g§»¶mAm| H$mo ~‹T>Vo H«$‘ VWm KQ>Vo hþE H«$‘ ‘| {bImo &>

g§»¶mE± ~‹T>Vm> H«$_ KQ>Vm H«$_

55, 63, 40, 80

69, 9, 59, 70

14, 29, 47, 39

F g§»¶mAm| 122, 360, 325 H$mo F g§»¶mAm| 801, 617, 847, 799 H$mo

~‹T>Vo VWm KQ>Vo H«$‘ ‘| {bImo & ~‹T>Vo VWm KQ>Vo H«$‘ ‘| {bImo &

g~go N>moQ>r g§»`m : 122 g~go N>moQ>r g§»`m : 617
g~go ~‹S>r g§»`m : 360 A~ ~Mr hþB© g§»¶mE± : 801, 847, 799

~‹T>Vm> H«$_ : 122, 325, 360 BZ‘| g~go N>moQ>r g§»`m : 799
Bgo 122 < 325 < 360 Eogm ^r ~mX ‘| ~Mt : 801, 847
{bIVo h¢ & BZ‘| go N>moQ>r g§»¶m 801 VWm ~mXdmbr g§»`m 847 &
KQ>Vm H«$_ : 360, 325, 122 ~‹T>Vm> H«$_ : 617, 799, 801, 847
Bgo 360 > 325 > 122 ^r KQ>Vm H«$_ : 847, 801, 799, 617

{bIVo h¢ &
F g§»¶mAm| H$m ~‹T>Vm H«$‘ VWm KQ>Vm H«$‘ &

Xr JB© g§»`mE± ~‹T>Vm> H«$‘ KQ>Vm H«$‘

217, 211, 215 211, 215, 217 217, 215, 211

500, 400, 100, 600 100, 400, 500, 600 600, 500, 400, 100

519, 419, 619 419, 519, 619 619, 519, 419
785, 757, 8, 81 8, 81, 757, 785 785, 757, 81, 8
15, 100, 81, 167 15, 81, 100, 167 167, 100, 81, 15

F ZrMo Xr JB© g§»¶mAm| H$mo ~‹T>Vo VWm KQ>Vo H«$‘ ‘| {bImo &
D 117, 69, 50, 8
D 217, 271, 270 D 365, 73, 12, 116
D 527, 8, 324, 63
D 912, 27, 356 D 315, 215, 515 D 285, 407, 589, 360
D 88, 78, 75 D 909, 990, 999
D 888, 788, 688 D 500, 501, 499

D 105, 107, 101, 102

14

{XE JE A§H$m| X²dmam g~go N>moQ>r VWm g~go ~‹S>r g§»¶mE± {bIZm

{e{jH$m : A§H$m| 2, 3 VWm 5 X²dmam VrZ A§H$dmbr g§»¶mE± V¡¶ma H$amo &
gmoZr : ³¶m EH$ A§H$ Ho$db EH$ ~ma hr boZm h¡ ?
Q>moZr : hm± & Zht Vmo ~hþV A{YH$ g§»¶mE± V¡¶ma hm|Jr & 222, 232, 233, 323, 333, 235,

253 Eogr H$B© g§»¶mE± V¡¶ma hm|Jr &
gb‘m : à˶oH$ A§H$ H$m Ho$db EH$ ~ma Cn¶moJ H$a|, Vmo Ho$db 235, 253, 325, 352, 532

VWm 523, BVZr hr g§»¶mE± V¡¶ma hm|Jr &
{e{jH$m : A~ BZ g§»¶mAm| H$s VwbZm H$aHo$ N>moQ>r-~‹S>r g§»¶m {ZYm©[aV H$a|Jo &
Q>moZr : BZ g§»¶mAm| ‘| go, g§»¶mAm| 532 VWm 523 Ho$ g¡H$‹S>m| Ho$ ñWmZdmbm A§H$ g~go ~‹S>m

h¡ & BZ Xmo g§»¶mAm| H$s VwbZm H$aZo na, g§»¶m 32, 23 go ~‹S>r h¡, AV… 532 > 523 &
AV… A§H$m| 2, 3, VWm 5 go V¡¶ma hmoZodmbr g§»¶mAm| ‘| go g§»¶m 532 g~go ~‹S>r h¡ &
gb‘m : ¶hm± V¡¶ma hmoZodmbr g§»¶mAm| ‘| go g¡H$‹S>o Ho$ ñWmZ na A§H$ 2 dmbr g§»¶mAm| 235 VWm
253 ‘| go 35 < 53 Ho$ AmYma na 235 < 253 &
{e{jH$m : ~hþV AÀN>m !
Z§Xÿ : {XE JE A§H$m| X²dmam g^r g§»¶mE± V¡¶ma Z H$aHo$, ³¶m erK«Vmnyd©H$ g~go N>moQ>r g§»¶m VWm
g~go ~‹S>r g§»¶mE± V¡¶ma H$s Om gH$Vr h¢ ?
Q>moZr : hm± & g~go ~‹S>r g§»¶m Ho$ g¡H$‹S>o Ho$ ñWmZ H$m A§H$ g~go ~‹S>m hmoJm hr & ~Mr hþB© Xmo
A§H$dmbr g§»¶m V¡¶ma H$aVo g‘¶, ~‹S>r g§»¶m Ho$ {bE CZ‘| go ~‹S>m A§H$ XhmB© Ho$ ñWmZ
na AmEJm &
gmoZr : AV… ~‹S>r go ~‹S>r g§»¶m V¡¶ma H$aVo g‘¶, {XE JE A§H$m| H$mo KQ>Vo H«$‘ ‘| {bIZm Mm{hE &
O¡go-AnZo CXmhaU ‘| g~go ~‹S>r g§»¶m 532 hmoJr &
gb‘m : {XE JE VrZ A§H$m| X²dmam N>moQ>r go N>moQ>r g§»¶m H¡$go V¡¶ma H$aVo h¢, Bgo ‘¢ ~VmD±$ ³¶m ?
g¡H$‹S>o Ho$ ñWmZ na g~go N>moQ>m A§H$ {bIZm Mm{hE & BH$mB© Ho$ ñWmZ na g~go ~‹S>m A§H$
Am¡a ~Mm hþAm A§H$ XhmB© Ho$ ñWmZ na {bIZm Mm{hE & g§jon ‘|, {XE JE A§H$m| H$mo ~‹T>Vo
hþE H«$‘ ‘| {bIVo hr VrZ A§H$dmbr g~go N>moQ>r g§»¶m V¡¶ma hmoVr h¡ & O¡go, ¶hm± 235 &
gmoZr : na§Vw {XE JE A§H$m| ‘| eyݶ hmo, Vmo ³¶m Eogm hr H$aZm Mm{hE ?
{e{jH$m : Zht & d¡gm H$aZo na Vmo dh VrZ A§H$dmbr g§»¶m Z hmoH$a, Xmo A§H$dmbr hmoJr & O¡go, A§H$m|
5,0,2 H$mo XoImo & g¡H$‹S>o Ho$ ñWmZ na eyݶ hmoJm Vmo 025 VWm 052 g§»¶mE± V¡¶ma hmoVr h¢ &
na§Vw BÝh| 25 VWm 52 O¡gr Xmo A§H$dmbr g§»¶mAm| Ho$ ê$n ‘| {bIm OmVm h¡ & AV… ¶o Xmo
A§H$dmbr h¢ &
Z§Xÿ : {XE JE A§H$m| ‘| 0 hmo, Vmo eyݶoVa (eyݶ H$mo N>mo‹S>H$a Aݶ) A§H$m| ‘| go N>moQ>o A§H$ H$mo g¡H$‹S>o
Ho$ ñWmZ na aIZm Mm{hE &
gb‘m : eyݶ H$mo XhmB© Ho$ ñWmZ na {bIH$a, ~Mo hþE A§H$ H$mo BH$mB© Ho$ ñWmZ na {bIZm h¡ &

{e{jH$m : {~bHw$b ghr & A§H$m| 5, 0, 2 go ~ZZodmbr VrZ A§H$dmbr g~go N>moQ>r g§»¶m 205 h¡ &

F {XE JE A§H$m| X²dmam VrZ A§H$dmbr g~go N>moQ>r VWm g~go ~‹S>r g§»¶mE± {bImo & D 8, 5, 9

D 9, 4, 6 D 7, 0, 4 D 3, 9, 5

15

g§»¶m H$m {dñVm[aV ê$n

{e{jH$m : 824 ‘| {H$VZm g¡H$‹S>m, {H$VZr XhmB© VWm {H$VZr BH$mB© h¢ ?
gmoZr : 824 H$m AW© h¡ 8 g¡H$‹S>m, 2 XhmB© VWm 4 BH$mB© &
Q>moZr : AV… 824 = 800 + 20 + 4 &
Z§Xÿ : na§Vw Bg {d{Y go 203 H¡$go {bI|Jo ?
gb_m : 203 = 200 + 3
{e{jH$m : ¶h ghr Vmo h¡ na§Vw 203 = 200 + 0 + 3 O¡gm {dñVm[aV ê$n A{YH$ gw{dYmOZH$ h¡,

³¶m|{H$ Bg‘| g¡H$‹S>o Ho$ ñWmZ H$m, XhmB© Ho$ ñWmZ H$m VWm BH$mB© H$m A§H$ H$m¡Z-gm h¡, ¶h
g‘P ‘| Am OmVm h¡ & Bgr àH$ma 80 H$m {dñVm[aV ê$n 80 + 0 hmoJm &

¶{X EH$ A§H$dmbr g§»¶m "9' b| Vmo Bg g§»¶m H$m {dñVm[aV ê$n "9' hr hmoVm h¡ &

F {ZåZ{b{IV g§»¶mAm| Ho$ {dñVm[aV ê$n {bImo &

D 998 D 34 D 287 D 534 D 76 D 301 D 90 D 45 D 13

{e{jH$m : {dñVm[aV ê$n {X¶m J¶m hmo Vmo ³¶m CgHo$ AmYma na g§»¶m {bIr Om gH$Vr h¡ ?

500 + 30 + 7 H$mo ܶmZ go XoImo &

gb_m : ‘¢ à¶ËZ H$aVr hÿ± &

500 + 30 + 7 = 537

{e{jH$m : ~hþV AÀN>m !

F {dñVm[aV ê$nm| Ho$ AmYma na g§»¶mE± {bImo &

D 700 + 0 + 5 D 400 + 60 + 7 D 800 + 0 + 0
D 30 + 9 D 200 + 10 + 1 D 100 + 50 + 0
D 40 + 4 D 300 + 0 + 6

ñWmZr¶ ‘mZ

{e{jH$m : 400 + 40 + 7, ¶h {H$g g§»¶m H$m {dñVm[aV ê$n h¡ ?
Z§Xÿ : AmgmZ h¡, 447 &
gb_m : ‘Zmoa§OH$ h¡ & EH$ ~ma 400 Ho$ {bE A§H$ 4 H$m Cn¶moJ {H$¶m, O~{H$ ~mX ‘| 40 Ho$ {bE

A§H$ 4 H$m hr Cn¶moJ {H$¶m J¶m h¡ &
{e{jH$m : {H$gr g§»¶m Ho$ A§H$m| H$m ñWmZ hr CgH$m ñWmZr¶ ‘mZ {ZYm©[aV H$aVm h¡, Bgo ܶmZ ‘| aImo &

g¡H$‹S>o Ho$ ñWmZdmbo 4 H$m ‘mZ 400 h¡, O~{H$ XhmB© Ho$ ñWmZdmbo 4 H$m ‘mZ 40 h¡ & BH$mB©
Ho$ ñWmZdmbo 7 H$m ‘mZ Ho$db 7 hr h¡ & {H$gr g§»¶m Ho$ A§H$m| Ho$ ñWmZ Ho$ AmYma na, CZH$m
Omo ‘mZ hmoVm h¡, Cgo Cg A§H$ H$m ñWmZr¶ ‘mZ H$hVo h¢ &

16

{e{jH$m : g§»¶m 576 ‘|, 5 H$m ñWmZr¶ ‘mZ 500 Am¡a 7 H$m ñWmZr¶ ‘mZ 70 h¡ O~{H$ 6 H$m

ñWmZr¶ ‘mZ 6 Ho$ {OVZm h¡ & Bgo g‘P JE Z ? A~ Hw$N> Aݶ CXmhaU XoImo &

9 3 4 7 0 5

ñWmZr¶ ‘mZ 900 30 4 ñWmZr¶ ‘mZ 700 0 5

g¡ X B g¡ X B

4 4 4 6 3 9

4 600

40 ñWmZr¶ ‘mZ 30

400 9

F ZrMo Xr JB© g§»¶mAm| Ho$ AYmoao{IV A§H$m| Ho$ ñWmZr¶ ‘mZ {bImo &
919 , 135 , 20 , 305 , 480 , 32

n g§»¶m Am¡a {dñVm[aV ê$n … EH$ à¶moJ
{e{jH$m : VrZ A§H$dmbr g§»¶m Am¡a CgHo$
{dñVm[aV ê$n H$mo àm¶mo{JH$ ê$n ‘| {XIm
gH$Vo h¢ & CgHo$ {bE ~mBª Amoa {XImE

AZwgma H$mJO H$s EH$ nQ²>Q>r boH$a, CgHo$ gmV g‘mZ ^mJ H$amo & ‘Z ‘| VrZ A§H$dmbr
EH$ g§»¶m bmo & ‘mZmo 435 & H$mJO H$s Cg nQ²>Q>r na Cg g§»¶m H$m {dñVm[aV ê$n,
D$na {XImE AZwgma {bImo &
~mX ‘|, MQ>H$ ê$n ‘| {XImE JE aoImI§S>m| na, nQ²>Q>r H$mo {MÌ ‘| {XImE
AZwgma ‘mo‹S>mo &

‘mo‹S>Zo Ho$ ~mX "00 +' VWm "0 +' ¶o
nyU©V… T>±H$ OmE±Jo Am¡a g§»¶m 435 {XImB©
XoJr & ({MÌ XoImo &)

Bg àH$ma ‘mo‹S>Zo na, nQ²>Q>r na g§»¶m Am¡a Iwbo hþE ‘mo‹S>m|dmbr nQ²>Q>r na CgH$m {dñVm[aV ê$n {XImB©
XoVm h¡ &

- {ejH$m| Ho$ {bE : Bgr àH$ma ‘mo‹S>nQ²>{Q>¶m± V¡¶ma H$aHo$, VrZ A§H$dmbr {d{^ÝZ g§»¶mAm| Ho$ {dñVm[aV ê$n VWm A§H$m| Ho$ ñWmZr¶
‘mZ {dX²¶m{W©¶m| H$mo g‘PZo H$m Adga àXmZ H$a| &

17

g§»¶m 1000 H$m n[aM¶

h g¡ g¡ g¡ XX X h g¡ X B
g¡ g¡ g¡ XX X 1 1 1
g¡ g¡ g¡ XX X 9 9 9
1
g¡ X 10 10 10
1 0 0 0

h‘ XoI MwHo$ h¢ {H$ hm{gb H$m Omo‹S> kmV H$aZo na, 99 + 1, gm¡ (100) hmoVm h¡ & A~ h‘ I‹S>m
{dݶmg H$aHo$ Omo‹S> 999 + 1 àmßV H$a|Jo & 9 BH$mB© + 1 BH$mB©; 10 BH$mB© hmoVo h¢ & CZH$s EH$ XhmB©
(hm{gb) ~ZVr h¡ & 9 XhmB© + 1 {‘bH$a 10 XhmB© hmoVo h¢ & CZH$m EH$ g¡H$‹S>m (hm{gb) ~ZVm h¡ & 9
g¡H$‹S>m + 1 g¡H$‹S>m {‘bH$a 10 g¡H$‹S>m hmoVo h¢ & CZ‘| go nwZ… EH$ hm{gb AmVm h¡ & CgHo$ {bE EH$ Z¶m
ñWmZ V¡¶ma H$aVo h¢ & Cgo hOma H$m ñWmZ H$hVo h¢ & g§»¶m 1000 ‘|, hOma Ho$ ñWmZ na 1 Am¡a Aݶ g^r
ñWmZm| na 0 h¡ & Bg g§»¶m H$m dmMZ "EH$ hOma' H$aVo h¢ &



EH$ ‘mbm ‘| 10 ‘ZHo$ & Eogr 100 ‘mbmAm| ‘| Hw$b 1000 ‘ZHo$ h¢ &
AV… 100 XhmB© H$m AW© ^r 1000 hmoVm h¡ &

18

  Omo‹S> … hm{gba{hV  

g¡ g¡ g¡ g¡ g¡

g¡ g¡ g¡

Q>moZr Ho$ nmg à˶oH$ 100 ‘ZHo$dmbr 3 W¡{b¶m± h¢ & 8 W¡{b¶m± &
gmoZr Ho$ nmg d¡go hr 5 W¡{b¶m± h¢ & Hw$b W¡{b¶m± {H$VZr ?

XmoZm| Ho$ nmg H$s W¡{b¶m| ‘| Hw$b ‘ZHo$ {H$VZo ? 800 ‘ZHo$ &

F Q>moZr Ho$ nmg 100 én¶m| Ho$ 2 ZmoQ>, 10 én¶m| H$m EH$ ZmoQ> Am¡a 1 én¶o Ho$ 5 {g³Ho$ h¢ & gmoZr
Ho$ nmg 100 én¶m| H$m 1 ZmoQ>, 10 én¶m| Ho$ 3 ZmoQ> VWm 1 én¶o Ho$ 2 {g³Ho$ h¢ & XmoZm| Ho$ nmg
{‘bmH$a 100 én¶m| Ho$ {H$VZo ZmoQ> h¢ ? 10 én¶m| Ho$ Hw$b {H$VZo ZmoQ> h¢ ? 1 én¶o Ho$ {H$VZo {g³Ho$
h¢ ?

F {MÌm| Ho$ AmYma na V¡¶ma {H$E JE àíZ H$m {ZarjU H$amo & CXmhaU nyU© H$amo & CgHo$ {bE BH$mB¶m| ‘|
BH$mB©, XhmB¶m| ‘| XhmB© VWm g¡H$‹S>m| ‘| g¡H$‹S>m {‘bmAmo (Omo‹S>mo) &
g¡ X B

g¡ 1 g¡ 2 X 1 B 1 2 1
g ¡ g¡ ++
2 g¡ 1 X 3 B 2 1 3

g¡ g¡ g¡

F {MÌm| H$mo XoIH$a, g§»¶mE± {bImo Am¡a Omo‹S>mo & g¡ X B
+
g¡ + g¡ X B
g¡ X B 19
g¡ g¡
B
g¡ X

F ZrMo {XE Omo‹S> nyU© H$aHo$$CZH$m {ZarjU H$amo &

+ 25 04 + 2504 + 780 + 780 + 7153 + 1753


74 74

g§»¶mAm| H$m H«$‘ (ñWmZ) ~XbZo na ^r Omo‹S> dhr àmßV hmoVm h¡ &

F ZrMo {XE JE àíZm| H$mo hb H$amo &

D 376 + 2 D 403 + 64 D 125 + 144 D513 + 365

g¡ X B

3 7 6
+ 2
3 7 8

D 142 + 6 D 205 + 4 D540 + 35 D 20 + 436

F I‹S>m {dݶmg H$aHo$ Omo‹S>mo &

D 664 + 220 D 421 + 351 D 713 + 205 D 122 + 324 D 207 + 102

D 270 + 312 D 450 + 230 D 541 + 320 D 400 + 300 D 22 + 342

F Am‹S>o {dݶmg X²dmam {H$E JE {ZåZ{b{IV Omo‹S> H$m Aܶ¶Z H$amo &

g¡ X B g¡ X B g¡ X B






4 2 1 + 3 5 1 = 7 7 2


F Am‹S>o {dݶmg X²dmam Omo‹S>mo & D 527 + 261 D 623 + 215 D 203 + 302
20

VrZ g§»¶mAm| H$m Omo‹S>

F Omo‹S>mo &
‘m¶m Zo XþH$mZ go 2 én¶m| H$m a~‹S>, 3 én¶m| H$s nopÝgb B

VWm 4 én¶m| Ho$ a§JrZ I{‹S>E IarXo, Vmo dh XþH$mZXma H$mo 2
{H$VZo én¶o XoJr ? + 3 2 ‘| 3 {‘bm¶m, 5 Am¶m &
2+3=5 + 4 5 ‘| 4 {‘bm¶m, 9 Am¶m &
a~‹S> Ho$ 2 én¶o VWm nopÝgb Ho$ 3 én¶o {‘bmH$a 5 én¶o

hmo JE & BZ 5 én¶m| ‘| I{‹S>E Ho$ 4 én¶o {‘bmZo na 9 én¶o 9
h moVo h¢ & AWm©V 2 + 3 + 4 = 9

AV… ‘m¶m X²dmam XþH$mZXma H$mo 9 én¶o {XE OmE±Jo &

F Ab‘mar ‘| JrVm| H$s 3 nwñVH|$, H$hmZr H$s 21 nwñVH|$ VWm {MÌm| H$s 14 nwñVH|$ X BE
h¢, Vmo Cg Ab‘mar ‘| Hw$b {H$VZr nwñVH|$ h¢ ? 2 1
+1 4
21 + 14 + 3 = 38 + 3
Ab‘mar ‘| Hw$b 38 nwñVH|$ h¢ & $ 8

3

F ZrMo {XE JE àíZm| H$mo hb H$amo &

D X B D X B D X B D X B

++ 233 052 + + 121 521 ++ 5 023 ++ 21 5
2
1

D 453 + 104 + 112 D 105 + 3 + 20 D 202 + 34 + 11

g¡ X B

+ 4 5 3
+
1 0 4
1 1 2

D 200 + 10 + 1 D 143 + 2 + 2 D 3 + 42 + 233
D 352 + 313 + 21 D 451 + 224 + 112 D 104 + 2 + 3
D 303 + 444 + 122 D 5 + 12 + 372 D 400 + 40 + 4

21

  KQ>md … hm{gba{hV 

F {MÌ XoImo & CXmhaU H$m Aܶ¶Z H$amo & F {MÌ Ho$ AmYma na àíZ V¡¶ma H$amo VWm hb H$amo &
X B
X B

- 2 3
1 2

1 1

F g¡ X B B B g¡ X B
g¡
- 21 1 3 gd©àW‘ BH$mB© ‘| go BH$mB© KQ>mE±Jo &
1 1 ~mX ‘| XhmB© ‘| go XhmB© KQ>mE±Jo &

1 0 2 A§V ‘| g¡H$‹S>m| ‘| go g¡H$‹S>m KQ>mE±Jo &

F A{OV Ho$ nmg 257 én¶o h¢ & CgZo ‘ZmoO H$mo 150 én¶o Xo {XE, Vmo A{OV Ho$ nmg {H$VZo én¶o ~Mo,
Bgo ZrMo {XE JE {MÌ Ho$ AmYma na {ZYm©[aV H$amo &

F {H«$Ho$Q> Ho$ EH$ Iob ‘| B§½b¢S> Zo 245 aZ ~ZmE & ^maV X²dmam 123 aZ ~ZmE JE, Vmo B§½b¢S> Ho$ gmW

~am~ar H$aZo Ho$ {bE ^maV H$mo Am¡a {H$VZo aZ ~ZmZo n‹S>|Jo ?

B§½b¢S> Ho$ gmW ~am~ar hmoZo Ho$ {bE ^maV Ho$ 245 aZ hmoZo Mm{hE & g¡ X B
AV… 123 Ho$ AmJo Am¡a {H$VZo aZ ~ZmZo na Hw$b 245 hmo OmE±Jo, h‘| ¶h
kmV H$aZm n‹S>oJm & - 21 4 5
2 3

AWm©V 123 + = 245 & Mm¡IQ> H$s g§»`m kmV H$aZr 1 2 2

n‹S>oJr & ¶h g§»`m 245 ‘| go 123 KQ>mZo na {‘boJr &

22



  JwUm H$aZm (JwUZ)

{ejH${Xdg Ho$ Adga na {e{jH$m H$mo XoZo Ho$ {bE ~ÀMm| Zo EH$ nwînJwÀN> V¡¶ma {H$¶m &
CgHo$ {bE Q>moZr, gmoZr, gb‘m, Om°Z VWm Z§Xÿ à˶oH$ Zo 2-2 ’y$b bmE & gmoZr Zo CZ ’y$bm| H$m
EH$ gw§Xa nwînJwÀN> V¡¶ma {H$`m &

{e{jH$m : A{V gw§Xa ! {H$VZm AmH$f©H$ Am¡a ~‹S>m nwînJwÀN> ~Z J¶m h¡ &
¶h nwînJwÀN> Hw$b {H$VZo ’y$bm| go ~Zm h¡ ?

Q>moZr : à˶Ho $ Xd² mam bmE JE Xmo ’$y b, Bg àH$ma nmM± bmJo m| H$o {‘bmH$a Xg ’$y b hmo JE &
Om°Z : à˶oH$ Ho$ 2 ’y$b, Eogo Hw$b nm±M bmoJm| Ho$ ’y$b H$m AW© h¡, 2 H$mo 5 ~ma boH$a

{H$¶m J¶m Omo‹S> & 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 10 &
{e{jH$m : 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2, Bgo 2  5 Eogm {bIVo h¢ &

10, 2 Am¡a 5 H$m JwUZ’$b h¡ &
¶hm± ZrMo {MÌg‘yh {XE JE h¢ & AmAmo {JZ|, {H$ CZ‘| {H$VZo ’$b h¢ &

gmoZr : EH$ H$Vma ‘| 4 Zr~,y Ego r Xmo H$Vma| & Q>moZr : EH$ H$Vma ‘| 4
4 H$m XþJwZm AWm©V 8 Zr~y &
Irao, Eogr Mma

g§»`m 4 H$mo Xmo ~ma boH$a {H$E JE H$Vma| &

Omo‹S> H$m AW© h¡ 4 H$m XþJwZm & 4 H$m 4 JwZm,

AWm©V 16 Irao &

gb‘m : EH$ H$Vma ‘| Mma A‘ê$X,
Eogr VrZ H$Vma|, AWm©V

4 H$m {VJwZm 12 &

Om°Z : EH$ H$Vma ‘| Mma Am‘, Eogr
10 H$Vma| &
4 H$m Xg JZw m AWmV© 40 Am‘ &

24

JwUm H$aZm (JwUZ) gb‘m

D

Q>moZr gmoZr Z§Xÿ
à˶oH$ Ho$ nmg 3 J|X, AV… Hw$b {H$VZo J|X ?
3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 12
3 H$mo Mma ~ma boH$a {H$¶m J¶m Omo‹S> AWm©V 3 H$m Mma JwZm &
AWm©V 3  4 = 12 (3 Mm¡H$ 12)
D Bgr àH$ma ZrMo {XE JE àíZm| Ho$ Mm¡IQ>m| H$mo nyU© H$amo &

à˶oH$ Q>moH$ar ‘| N>h Am‘, Vmo Eogr VrZ Q>moH$[a¶m| ‘| {H$VZo Am‘ ?

6 + 6 + 6 = N>h H$m JwZm AWm©V 6  = (6 {V¶m± )

D 3 ~ÀMm| H$m EH$ g‘yh, Bg àH$ma 7 g‘yh ~ZmH$a ~ÀMo I‹S>o Wo, Vmo Hw$b {H$VZo ~ÀMo ?
3 H$m JwZm , VrZ gËVo , 3  =

F {MÌ XoImo Am¡a D$na H$s ^m±{V àíZ V¡¶ma H$aHo$ hb H$amo &

D EH$ H$mnr H$m ‘yë¶ 5 é., Eogr 9 H$m{n¶m| H$m ‘yë¶ {H$VZm ?
g§»¶m 5 H$mo 9 ~ma boH$a {H$¶m J¶m Omo‹S> AWm©V 5  9 &

5  9 = 45 &
AV… 9 H$m{n¶m| H$m ‘yë¶ 45 én`o &

{e{jH$m : nhm‹S>o dmñVd ‘| H«$‘ go {H$E JE JwUZ’$b hr h¢ & CZH$m Cn¶moJ H$aHo$
h‘ AmJo ~‹S>r g§»¶mAm| H$m JwUm (JwUZ) H$aZodmbo h¢ &
h‘ 2, 3, 4, 5 Am¡a 10 Ho$ nhm‹S>o ~mob|Jo &

25

JwUm H$aZm (JwUZ) Omo‹S> Ho$ ê$n ‘| {H$VZr {H$VZo JwUZ H$m Hw$b
dñVw ê$n ‘| ~ma JwZm ê$n dñVwE±

2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 Xmo 2 H$m 25 10
nm±M ~ma nm±M
JwZm>

5+5 ... , 5 H$m
Xmo ~ma ... JwZm ...  ...

... + ... + ... + ..., ... H$m ...  ...
... + ... nm±M ~ma ... JwZm >

.................... Xg, 10 H$m ...  ... .......
VrZ ~ma ... JwZm>

.................... Mma, ....... ...  ... .......
N>h ~ma

.................... ....... ....... ...  ... .......
26

6 H$m nhm‹S>m

6, EH$ ~ma 61=6
N>h EH$‘ N>h

6, Xmo ~ma 6  2 = 12
N>h XþZr ~mah

6, VrZ ~ma 6  3 = 18
N>h {V¶m± AR>mah

6, Mma ~ma 6  4 = 24
N>h Mm¡H$ Mm¡~rg

6, nm±M ~ma 6  5 = 30
N>h nMo Vrg

6, N>h ~ma 6  6 = 36
N>h N>H$ N>ËVrg

6, gmV ~ma 6  7 = 42
N>h gËVo ~¶mbrg

6, AmR> ~ma 6  8 = 48
N>h AQ²>R>o A‹S>Vmbrg

6, Zm¡ ~ma 6  9 = 54
N>h Zdm± Mm¡dZ

6, Xg ~ma 6  10 = 60
N>h Xhm± gmR>

27

7, 8 VWm 9 Ho$ nhm‹S>o
AmAmo, h‘ 6 Ho$ nhm‹S>o H$s Vah 7, 8 VWm 9 Ho$ nhm‹S>o V¡¶ma H$a| &

7  1 = 7 8  1 = 8 9  1 = 9
7  2 = 14 8  2 = 16 9  2 = 18
7  3 = 21 8  3 = 24 9  3 = 27
74 = 28 84 = 32 94 = 36
75 = 35 85 = 40 95 = 45
7  6 = 42 8  6 = 48 9  6 = 54
7  7 = 49 8  7 = 56 9  7 = 63
78 = 56 88 = 64 98 = 72
7  9 = 63 8  9 = 72 9  9 = 81
7  10 = 70 8  10 = 80 9  10 = 90

Omo‹S> H$s ghm¶Vm go nhm‹S>o

{e{jH$m : 6 H$m nhmS‹ >m V¶¡ ma H$aZo H$o 4 H$m 2 H$m Omo‹S> 6 H$m nhm‹S>m
{bE 6 H$o Xmo ^mJ H$a| & Og¡ -o nhm‹S>m nhm‹S>m
6 = 4 + 2 & A~ 4 VWm 4 2 4 + 2 = 6 6  1 = 6
2 H$o nhmS‹ >o bHo $a CZH$mo OmS‹o >|
Ama¡ 6 H$m nhmS‹ >m V¶¡ ma H$a| & 8 4 8 + 4 = 12 6  2 = 12
6 12 + 6 = 18 6  3 = 18
Q>moZr : {Og àH$ma 4 VWm 2 H$o nhmS‹ >o 12
go 6 H$m nhmS‹ >m V¶¡ ma {H$¶m 16
OmVm h,¡ Cgr àH$ma Cgo 5 8 16 + 8 = 24 6  4 = 24
VWm 1 H$o nhmS‹ >o H$s ghm¶Vm 20 10 20 + 10 = 30 6  5 = 30

go ^r ³¶m V¶¡ ma H$a gH$| Jo ? 24 12 24 + 12 = 36 6  6 = 36
{e{jH$m : {H$Ýht Xmo kmV nhm‹S>m| H$o OmS‹o >
H$s ghm¶Vm go ZdrZ nhmS‹ >m 28 14 28 + 14 = 42 6  7 = 42
16 32 + 16 = 48 6  8 = 48
V¶¡ ma {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡ & 32

Q>moZr : AV… 4 VWm 3 Ho$ nhm‹S>o 36 18 36 + 18 = 54 6  9 = 54
X²dmam 7 H$m nhm‹S>m V¡¶ma
{H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡ & 40 20 40 + 20 = 60 6  10 = 60

- {ejH$m| Ho$ {bE : Xmo AbJ-AbJ nhm‹S>m| Ho$ Omo‹S> H$s ghm¶Vm go 8 VWm 9 Ho$ nhm‹S>o V¡¶ma H$admE± & ¶h ^r ܶmZ

‘| bmE± {H$ Xmo nhm‹S>m| Ho$ KQ>md H$s ghm¶Vm go ^r nhm‹S>o V¡¶ma H$a gH$Vo h¢ &

28

9 H$m ‘Zmoa§OH$ nhm‹S>m 9 Ho$ nhm‹So$ H$m H$m¡VwH$ ({deofVm) 09
{e{jH$m : ‘¢ Vw‘ bmoJm| H$mo 9 Ho$ nhm‹S>o H$m EH$ H$m¡VwH$ ~VmVr hÿ± & 18
27
BH$mB© Ho$ ñWmZ na 9, 8, 7, .... H$mo 0 VH$ CbQ>o H«$‘ ‘| g§»¶mE± 36
{bImo & CZHo$ nhbo XhmB© Ho$ ñWmZ na g§»¶mE± 0, 1, 2 .... 9 H$mo H«$‘ go 45
{bImo & hmo J¶m 9 H$m nhm‹S>m V¡¶ma ! ¶h EH$ H$m¡VwH$ h¡ {H$ Zht ! 54
gmoZr : Aao dmh ! ‘oao ܶmZ ‘| Vmo EH$ Aݶ H$m¡VwH$ ^r Am¶m h¡ & nhm‹S>o ‘| 63
AmZodmbr à˶oH$ g§»¶m H$s XhmB© VWm BH$mB© Ho$ ñWmZdmbo A§H$m| H$m 72
Omo‹S> Zm¡ hr h¡ & 81
90
F ZrMo Xr JB© gmaUr ‘| 5  3 = 15 {XIm¶m J¶m h¡ & Imbr Mm¡IQ>m| ‘| ghr g§»¶mE±
^amo &

 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2 2 4 6 8 10

3369

448 16

5 5 10 15 20 25

6 36

7 49

8 64

9 81
10 10
100

- {ejH$m| Ho$ {bE : à˶oH$ {dX²¶mWu H$mo 1 go 100 H$s gmaUr V¡¶ma H$aZo Ho$ {bE H$h| & à˶oH$ {dX²¶mWu H$mo H$moB© EH$
nhm‹S>m XoH$a, Cg‘| AmZodmbr g§»¶mAm| H$mo a±JZo Ho$ {bE H$h| & Bg àH$ma V¡¶ma hmoZodmbo à{Vê$n
(AmH¥${V~§Y) H$m {ZarjU H$aZo Ho$ {bE H$h| &

29

F ZrMo {XE JE JwUZ (JwUm) nyU© H$amo &
3 5 7 8 6 7
 6  3  5  3  4  8

F ZrMo {XE JE {MÌm| Ho$ AmYma na, JwUZ (JwUm) Ho$ àíZ V¡¶ma H$amo VWm hb H$amo &
D ZrMo {XE JE {MÌ Ho$ AmYma na V¡¶ma {H$¶m J¶m àíZ -
EH$ H$Vma ‘| 6 ’$y b, Vmo Ego r 4 H$Vmam| ‘| H$w b {H$VZo ’$y b?
EH$ H$Vma Ho$ ’y$b
 Hw$b H$Vma|
Hw$b ’y$b

D

EH$ ~m°Šg ‘| J|X, Vmo ~m°³g ‘| Hw$b {H$VZo J|X ?

D

D

- {ejH$m| Ho$ {bE : EH$ A§H$dmbr Xmo g§»¶mAm| H$m Cn¶moJ H$aHo$, JwUm Ho$ àíZ V¡¶ma H$admE± Am¡a hb H$admE± &

30

JwUZ (JwUm) Ho$ {bE nhm‹S>o H$m Cn¶moJ

D qMQy> Zo AnZo OÝ‘{Xdg Ho$ {bE 5 én¶o à{V H$b‘ H$s Xa go 6 H$b‘| IarXt & Cgo XþH$mZXma

H$mo {H$VZo én¶o XoZo n‹S>|Jo ?

Õ Hw$b ‘yë¶ kmV H$aZo Ho$ {bE 5 H$m nhm‹S>m,  6 Hw$b H$b‘
nm±M N>H$ VH$ ~mobZm n‹S>oJm & 5 EH$ H$b‘ H$m ‘yë¶

nm±M N>h Vrg AWm©V 5  6 = 30 30 Hw$b én`o
Hw$b 30 én¶o XoZo n‹S>|Jo &

D EH$ H$Vma ‘| 8 nm¡Yo, Eogr 5 H$Vmam| ‘| {H$VZo nm¡Yo ?
Õ H$Vma| 5, àË`oH$ H$Vma ‘| 8 nm¡Yo &
8
H$s OmZodmbr {H«$`m : JwUZ & Ho$ nhm‹S>o H$m Cn¶moJ H$a|Jo &  5 Hw$b H$Vma|
AmR> nMo Mmbrg àË`oH$ H$Vma ‘| nm¡Yo
8

Hw$b nm¡Yo = 40 40 Hw$b nm¡Yo

D EH$ {S>ã~o ‘| 9 bS²>Sy> & Eogo 7 {S>ã~m| ‘| {H$VZo bS²>Sy> ?

H$s OmZodmbr {H«$`m : JwUZ (JwUm)  97 Hw$b {S>ã~o
9 H$m nhm‹S>m ~mob|Jo & EH$ {S>ã~o ‘| bS²>Sy>
Hw$b bS²>Sy>
Zm¡ gËVo

D EH$ gßVmh ‘| 7 {XZ, Vmo 4 gßVmhm| ‘| {H$VZo {XZ ?  4 Hw$b gßVmh
Õ 7 H$m nhm‹S>m ~mob|Jo & 7 EH$ gßVmh Ho$ {XZ

gmV Mm¡H$

Hw$b {XZ

D EH$ H$Vma ‘| 8 Q>mBb|
Vmo 3 H$Vmam| ‘| {H$VZr 8
 3 EH$ H$Vma H$s Q>mBb|  83 Hw$b H$Vma|
Q>mBb| ? H$Vma| EH$ H$Vma ‘| Q>mBb|

Hw$b Q>mBb| Hw$b Q>mBb|

D EH$ A‘ê$X H$m ‘yë¶ 6 én¶o h¡ &

Q>moZr, gmoZr, Z§Xÿ VWm gb‘m BZ Mmam| ‘?| à˶oH$ H$mo  64 EH$ A‘ê$X H$m ‘yë¶
EH$ A‘ê$X XoZo na {H$VZo én¶o bJ|Jo Hw$b ~ÀMo

Hw$b én¶o

31

JwUZ (JwUm) {H«$¶m Ho$ JwUY‘© …

 3  5
5 3

35 = 53

F ZrMo {XE JE JwUZ (JwUm) nyU© H$amo Am¡a Cgna {dMma H$amo &

65= 83= 76= 92=
29=
56= 38= 67=

g§»¶mAm| H$m H«$‘ ~XbZo na ^r JwUZ’$b dhr AmVm h¡ &

O¡go : 6  5 = 5  6 ; 8  3 = 3  8 ; 7  6 = 6  7 ; 9  2 = 2  9

F eyݶ Ho$ JwUZ (JwUm) H$m JwUY_©

2 + 2 + 2 + 2 H$m AW© h¡ 2  4 = 8
1 + 1 + 1 + 1 H$m AW© h¡ 1  4 = 4
0 + 0 + 0 + 0 H$m AW© h¡ 0  4 = 0

{H$gr ^r g§»¶m go "eyݶ' ‘| JwUm H$aZo na AWdm "eyݶ' go {H$gr ^r
g§»¶m ‘| JwUm H$aZo na, JwUZ’$b "eyݶ' hr AmVm h¡ & 0  4 = 4  0 = 0

F ZrMo {XE JE JwUZ (JwUm) nyU© H$amo …

24= = 4  2 7  0 = = 0  7 9  8 = =89
= 0  8 6  3 = =36
73= = 3  7 0  8 =

n Jwʶ, JwUH$, JwUZ’$b

 6 JwÊ`  5 JwÊ` {e{jH$m … JwUZ 6  5 ‘|, h‘ nhbr g§»¶m
5 JwUH$ 6 JwUH$ 6 ‘| JwUm H$aVo h¢, dh Jwʶ Am¡a Xÿgar g§»¶m

30 JwUZ’$b 30 JwUZ’$b 5 go h‘ JwUZ (JwUm) H$aVo h¢, dh JwUH$ Am¡a
àmßV CËVa 30 AWm©V JwUZ’$b h¡ & Bgr

àH$ma JwUZ (JwUm) 5  6 ‘|, 5 Jwʶ, 6 JwUH$ Am¡a 30 JwUZ’$b h¡ &

32

{g³Ho$ VWm ZmoQ>

F ZrMo {XE JE ZmoQ>m| Ho$ {MÌm| H$mo XoImo & CZHo$ ‘yë¶ Mm¡IQ>m| ‘| {bImo &

Bg ZmoQ> H$m _yë` én`o h¡ & Bg ZmoQ> H$m _yë` én`o h¡ &

Bg {g³Ho$ H$m _yë` én`o h¡ & Bg {g³Ho$ H$m ‘yë¶ én`m h¡ &

F Imbr Mm¡IQ>m| ‘| Hw$b aH$‘ (‘yë¶) {bImo & 650
én`o
D

D

én`o

D

én`o
33

33 C M Y K

Q>moZr : ‘oao nmg 3 ZmoQ> h¢ & CZH$m Hw$b ‘yë¶ 75 én¶o h¡ & Hw$b
gb‘m : ‘oao nmg ^r 75 én¶o h¢ na§Vw ‘oao nmg 5 ZmoQ> h¢ & én`o
Q>moZr : Eogm H¡$go hmo gH$Vm h¡ ?
Hw$b
Q>moZr Ho$ nmg Ho$ ZmoQ> Bg àH$ma Ho$ h¢ & én`o

Am¡a gb‘m Ho$ nmg Ho$ ZmoQ> Bg àH$ma Ho$ h¢ &

AWm©V XmoZm| H$m H$hZm ghr h¡ &
g§Oy : ‘oao nmg 100 én¶m| H$m 1 ZmoQ>, 20 én¶m| Ho$ 4 ZmoQ> Am¡a 1 én¶o Ho$ 6 {g³Ho$ h¢, Vmo

‘oao nmg Hw$b {H$VZo én¶o h¢ ?

amOy : Vwåhmao nmg Hw$b 186 én¶o h¢ &
A{ZVm : ‘oao nmg 4 ZmoQ> h¢ & CZH$m Hw$b ‘yë¶ 170 én¶o h¡, Vmo ¶o ZmoQ> H$m¡Z-go h¢ ?

` 100 ` 50 ` 10 ` 10
F ³¶m Aݶ {H$gr AbJ àH$ma go VWm 4 ZmoQ>m| H$s ghm¶Vm go 170 én¶o {XE Om gH$Vo h¢ ?

- {ejH$m| Ho$ {bE : H$mS>m] na g§»¶mE± {bIH$a {dX²¶m{W©¶m| go ZmoQ> V¡¶ma H$aZo Ho$ {bE H$h| Am¡a CZHo$ AmYma na Iob IobdmE± &

34

_mnZ

b§~mB©
{e{jH$m Zo Z§Xÿ VWm gmoZr go ‘oO H$s b§~mB© ZmnZo Ho$ {bE H$hm &

Z§Xy : Bg ‘oO H$s b§~mB© 11 {~ËVm| Ho$ ~am~a h¡ &
gmoZr : ‘oO H$s b§~mB© ‘oao 12 {~ËVm| Ho$ ~am~a h¡ &
gb‘m : Vw‘ XmoZm| Zo {~ËVo go hr Zmnm, Vmo ^r XmoZm| Ho$ ‘mn ‘| A§Va ³¶m| n‹S>m ?
Q>moZr : XmoZm| Ho$ {~ËVo g‘mZ h¢ ³¶m ?
Z§Xÿ : ‘oam {~ËVm gmoZr Ho$ {~ËVo go ~‹S>m h¡ Bg{bE Eogm hþAm &
{e{jH$m : ‘¢ EH$ hr b~§ mBd© mbr H$mJO H$s Xmo nQ>²{Q>¶m± XmZo m| H$mo XVo r h±ÿ & Cggo ¶h b~§ mB© Zmnmo Vmo !

Z§Xÿ : ‘oO H$s b§~mB© Bg 9 nQ²>{Q>¶m| Ho$ ~am~a h¡ &
gmoZr : ‘oao ZmnZo na ^r ¶h 9 nQ²>Q>r hr {‘bVr h¡ &
Z§Xÿ : h‘| Xr JB© nQ²>{Q>¶m± g‘mZ b§~mB©dmbr Wt, Bg{bE b§~mB© g‘mZ hr AmB© &
gb_m : AV… EH$ hr dñVw H$s b§~mB© g‘mZ gmYZm| go ‘mnZo na dh g‘mZ hmoVr h¡ &
gmoZr : ¶{X ‘wPo I{‹S>¶o (Mm°H$) H$s b§~mB© ZmnZr hmo, Vmo ³¶m ¶h nQ²>Q>r Cn¶moJr hmoJr ?

¶h nQ²>Q>r Vmo I{‹S>¶o go A{YH$ b§~r h¡ &
35

{e{jH$m : h‘ H$mJO H$s Bg nQ²>Q>r H$mo ‘mo‹S> X|Jo Am¡a CgHo$ g‘mZ ^mJ H$a|Jo & Cg‘| ~Zo BZ
N>moQ>o ^mJm| H$m Cn¶moJ I{‹S>¶o H$s b§~mB© ZmnZo Ho$ {bE {H$¶m Om gHo$Jm &

Q>moZr : Bg nQ²>Q>r H$mo VrZ ~ma ‘mo‹S>H$a CgHo$ 8 g‘mZ ^mJ H$a|Jo &

gb_m : Bg nQ²>Q>r Ho$ g‘rn ‘¢ I{‹S>¶m aIVr hÿ± &
Bg I{‹S>¶o H$s b§~mB© nm±M N>moQ>o ^mJm| Ho$ ~am~a h¡ &

Z§Xÿ : Bg nQ>²Q>r H$m Cn¶mJo H$aH$o ³¶m àdeo Xd² ma H$o XmZo m| I^§ m| H$o ~rM H$s Xaÿ r Zmn gH$| Jo ?
gb_m : Zht & H$mJO H$s ¶h nQ²>Q>r ~hþV hr H$‘ b§~mB©dmbr h¡ &
{e{jH$m : ‘oao nmg EH$ b§~r añgr (S>moar) h¡ & ‘mnZ Ho$ {bE CgH$m Cn¶moJ H$a|Jo &

Z§Xÿ : Bg añgr H$s ghm¶Vm go h‘ Bg àdoeX²dma Ho$ XmoZm| I§^m| Ho$ ~rM H$s Xÿar Zmn|Jo &
Q>moZr : àdoeX²dma Ho$ XmoZm| I§^m| Ho$ ~rM H$s Xÿar 3 apñg¶m| Ho$ ~am~a h¡ &
{e{jH$m : ~‹S>r b§~mB© ZmnZo Ho$ {bE A{YH$ b§~mB©dmbo gmYZ H$m Cn¶moJ gw{dYmOZH$ hmoVm

h¡ & H$‘ b§~mB© ZmnZo Ho$ {bE H$‘ b§~mB©dmbo gmYZ H$m Cn¶moJ H$aZm gw{dYmOZH$
hmoVm h¡ & A~ Vmo Bgo g‘P JE Z ?

36

{e{jH$m : H$n‹S>o H$s b§~mB© Mmho H$moB© ^r ì¶p³V Zmno Vmo ^r CgH$s b§~mB© g‘mZ hr hmoZr
Mm{hE & Bg{bE H$n‹S>o H$s XþH$mZ ‘| à˶oH$ XþH$mZXma, H$n‹S>m ZmnZo Ho$ {bE EH$

~‹S>r ‘mnZnQ²>Q>r (‘mnZr) H$m Cn¶moJ H$aVm h¡ &

Bg nQ²>Q>r H$s b§~mB© EH$ ‘rQ>a hmoVr h¡ & b§~mB© ZmnZo H$s ‘mZH$ BH$mB© (‘mÌH$)
‘rQ>a h¡ & 1 _rQ>a Ho$ 100 g_mZ ^mJ H$aZo na àË`oH$ ^mJ EH$ g|Q>r_rQ>a H$m hmoVm h¡ &

1 _rQ>a = 100 g|Q>r_rQ>a
gb_m : BgHo$ nhbo h‘Zo àdoeX²dma Ho$ Xmo I§^m| Ho$ ~rM H$s Xÿar H$mo añgr H$s ghm¶Vm go

Zmnm Wm & Cgo A~ ‘mnZnQ²>Q>r H$s ghm¶Vm go ‘rQ>a VWm g|Q>r‘rQ>a ‘| nwZ… Zmn|Jo &
Z§Xÿ : Xmo I§^m| Ho$ ~rM H$s Xÿar 3 ‘rQ>a 80 g|Q>r‘rQ>a h¡ &
Q>moZr : ‘ao o ~S‹ >o ^mB© H$‘ Xaÿ r ZmnZo H$o {bE H$§ nmg ~m³° g H$s N>mQo >r nQ>²Q>r H$m Cn¶mJo H$aVo h¢ &
{e{jH$m : Bg nQ²>Q>r na ~‹S>o {Mh²Zm| Ho$ nmg 1, 2, 3, 4 .... Eogm {bIm hmoVm h¡ & ¶o g§»¶mE±

g|Q>r‘rQ>a Xem©Vr h¢ & Xmo g‘rnr {Mh²Zm| Ho$ ‘ܶ N>moQ>o-N>moQ>o {Mh²Z hmoVo h¢ & ¶o {Mh²Z
g|Q>r‘rQ>a go ^r N>moQ>r BH$mB© (‘mÌH$) Xem©Vo h¢ &

Z§Xÿ : Bg ‘mZH$ nQ²>Q>r go h‘ I{‹S>E H$s b§~mB© nwZ… Zmn|Jo &
gb_m : Bg I{‹S>E H$s b§~mB© 8 g|Q>r‘rQ>a h¡ &

37



‘mnZ : dOZ (Ð춑mZ)
gmoZr : Bg J|X H$m dOZ 17 Jmo{Q>¶m± h¡ &

Z§Xÿ : Cgr J|X H$m dOZ ‘oao nmg H$s 10 Jmo{Q>¶m± hmoVm h¡ &

gb_m : Eogm H¡$go hþAm ? EH$ hr J|X H$m dOZ AbJ-AbJ H¡$go ?
Q>moZr : gmoZr X²dmam bmB© JB© Jmo{Q>¶m± N>moQ>r Wt Am¡a Z§Xÿ X²dmam bmB© JB© Jmo{Q>¶m± ~‹S>r Wt

Bg{bE Eogm hþAm hmoJm &
{e{jH$m : Aao, Eogm hmoVm h¡ & Bgr{bE Vmo XþH$mZ ‘| dOZ Ho$ ‘mnZ Ho$ {bE ‘mZH$ BH$mB¶m|

dmbo ‘mn AWm©V ~mQ> hmoVo h¢ &

‘mZH$ ‘mnm| H$s ghm¶Vm go EH$ hr dñVw H$m dOZ H$moB© ^r H$ao, dh g‘mZ
hr hmoVm h¡ & dOZ (Ð춑mZ) H$s ‘mZH$ BH$mB© (‘mÌH$) {H$bmoJ«m‘ h¡ &

‘wPo 1 {H$bmoJ«m_ ‘wPo 5 {H$bmoJ«m‘
e³H$a Mm{hE & Johÿ± Mm{hE &

‘wPo 2
{H$bmoJ«m_

Ádma
Xmo &

39

Xr JB© dñVwAm| H$m dOZ 1 {H$bmoJ«m‘ go H$‘ ¶m A{YH$ h¡, BgH$m AZw‘mZ H$amo VWm XþH$mZ
‘| OmH$a BgH$s ghr Om±M H$amo &

dñVw H$m Zm‘ AZw‘m{ZV dOZ 1 {H$bmoJ«m_ / ‘mZH$ ‘mnZ X²dmam
1 {H$bmoJ«m_ go H$‘ / 1
{H$bmoJ«m_ go A{YH$

Z‘H$ H$s nw{‹S>¶m
Jw‹S> H$s ~‹S>r S>br

50 {~ñHw$Q>
nm±M H$Q>moar e³H$a

Q>moZr : hbdm ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE ‘m± H$mo AmYm {H$bmoJ«m‘ e³H$a Mm{hE Wr & Ka ‘| Vmo e³H$a H$m

1 {H$bmoJ«m‘ H$m ~‹S>m nw‹S>m aIm hþAm Wm &

gb_m : {’$a Vw‘Zo ³¶m {H$¶m ?

Q>moZr : ‘¢ dh 1 {H$bmJo m« ‘ e³H$a VamOy H$o XmZo m| nbS‹ >m| na WmS‹o >r-WmS‹o >r aIVm J¶m Ama¡ XmZo m| nbS‹ >o

g‘mZ ñVa na hmo OmE,± Ego m XIo m & Bg àH$ma EH$ {H$bmJo m« ‘ e³H$a H$o Xmo g‘mZ ^mJ hmo

JE & AV… à˶Ho $ nbS‹ >o H$s e³H$a AmYm {H$bmJo m« ‘ hmo JB© & Cgo ‘m± H$mo Xo {X¶m &

gb_m : ‘oar ‘m± H$mo Vmo AmYo {H$bmoJ«m‘ dOZdmbr dñVwE± ~hþV ~ma bJVr h¢ &

Q>moZr : ‘¢ Vwåh| AmYo {H$bmoJ«m‘ dOZdmbm ‘mn (~mQ>) V¡¶ma H$aHo$ XoVm hÿ± & VamOy Ho$ EH$ nb‹S>o

na AmYm {H$bmoJ«m‘ e³H$a aIH$a, Xÿgao nb‹S>o na CVZo hr dOZdmbo N>moQ>o-N>moQ>o nËWa

aIH$a EH$ ê$‘mb ‘| ~m±YH$a aIVm hÿ± & dh hmo J¶m AmYo {H$bmoJ«m‘ H$m ‘mn &

gb_m : BgH$m AW© ¶h h¡ {H$ Bgr àH$ma h‘ nmd {H$bmJo m« ‘ dOZdmbm ‘mn ^r V¶¡ ma H$a gH$Vo h¢ &

F EH$ {H$bmJo m« ‘ H$o ‘mn VWm VamOy H$s ghm¶Vm go {ZåZ{b{IV dOZdmbo Mmdb/Jho /±ÿ Ádma Vmb¡ mo &

D 2 {H$bmoJ«m_ D 5 {H$bmoJ«m_ D 3 {H$bmoJ«m_ D AmYm {H$bmoJ«m_

F Vwåhmam dOZ {H$VZm h¡, Bgo kmV H$amo & H$jm Ho$ {‘Ì Ho$ dOZ go {H$VZm H$‘/A{YH$, dh ~VmAmo &

F dOZ H$aZo ‘| Cn¶moJr {d{^ÝZ àH$ma H$s VamOwAm| H$s OmZH$mar bmo & Cn¶moJ H$aHo$ XoImo &

D H$‘mZrXma VamOy D BboŠQ´>m°{ZH$ VamOy D S>§S>rdmbm VamOy (X§S>Vwbm)

D ‘Zwî¶ H$m dOZ H$aZodmbm VamOy

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