Yuvak Bharati Gujrathi

rQÓNyàs : Sy>Ap¡. Aphu bpbsp¡dp„ õ`óV$ fus¡ S>¡ bÞey„ lp¡e s¡ L$lu v¡$hy„, A¡ sdpfp `p¡sp_p rls_u hps
R>¡.

_„v$_„v$_ : A¡V$g¡ sd¡ A¡d L$l¡hp dpNp¡ R>p¡ L¡$ lz„ S|>Wy„$ bp¡gy„ Ry>„ ?
rQÓNyàs : L$v$pQ sdpfu ApMu tS>v$Nudp„ sd¡ Ap `l¡gu S> hpf kpQy„ bp¡ëep.
_„v$_„v$_ : Ap A`dp_ lz„ _rl kl_ L$fu iLy„$.
rQÓNyàs : A`dp__u hps _ L$fp¡, _„v$_„v$_ ! sdpfp Æh__u, sdpfp d__u A¡L$A¡L$ TuZpdp„ TuZu

A_¡ Mp_Nudp„ Mp_Nu rhNs_u Al] Ad_¡ SpZ R>¡. sd¡ `p¡s¡ A¡ L$lu v$p¡ A_¡ L$b|g L$fu v$p¡.
A¡ sdpfp `p¡sp_p apev$p_u hps R>¡ A¡ lz„ sd_¡ afu\u L$lz„ Ry>„.
_„v$_„v$_ : dpf¡ L$p„C L$l¡hy„ _\u A_¡ L$iy„ kp„cmhy„ `Z _\u.
rQÓNyàs : cg¡ S>¡hu sdpfu BÃR>p. (`pj®v$_¡) Sp `¡gp cp¡Nugpg_¡ bp¡gphu gph Sp¡J.

[`pj®v$ Spe R>¡.]

_„v$_„v$_ : cp¡Nugpg !
rQÓNyàs : A¡d ! Ðepf¡ lSy> sd_¡ A¡_u epv$ R>¡ Mfu ?
_„v$_„v$_ : cp¡Nugpg ! cp¡Nugpg ! Al] ¼ep„\u ? L¡$d L$fu_¡ Al] Apìep¡ ?
rQÓNyàs : sd¡ Al] Aphhp_p R>p¡ A¡ kdpQpf dýep A¡V$g¡ A¡_¡ syfs S> lpS>f fp¿ep¡. Ap Aphu

`lp¢Ãep cp¡Nugpg.

_„v$_„v$_ : (cp¡Nugpg_¡ Sp¡C fl¡sp„) cp¡Nugpg, cp¡NucpC.

cp¡Nugpg : lp, _„v$_„v$_ i¡W$, Ap¡mMpZ `X$u sp¡ Mfu !
_„v$_„v$_ : cpC, sd¡ Al]ep„ ?
cp¡Nugpg : iy„ L$fuA¡, cpC ? Ap A¡L$ A¡hu S>Np R>¡ Äep„ _p_p dp¡V$p, Nfub spg¡hp_ klz_¡ Aphhp_y„

lp¡e R>¡.
_„v$_„v$_ : cp¡Nugpg, iy„ L$l¡hy„ A¡ S> d_¡ kdSpsy„ _\u.
rQÓNyàs : ëep¡_¡ lz„ kdS>Z `pXy„$.
_„v$_„v$_ : b¡_u hpsdp„ sd¡ _plL$_p iy„ L$pd dp\y„ dpfp¡ R>p¡ ?
`pj®v$ : L¡$d vy$r_ep_u Mydpfu lSy> Esfu _\u ?
rQÓNyàs : _„v$_„v$_, sd¡ L$üy„ lsy„ L¡$ sd¡ tS>v$Nudp„ Ap`bm¡ ApNm Aph¡gp, Mfy„ ?
_„v$_„v$_ : lp, sv¹$_ Mfy„.
rQÓNyàs : Ap cp¡Nugpg_p v¡$Msp„ `Z sd¡ A¡d S> L$l¡ip¡ ?
_„v$_„v$_ : A¡ Adpf¡ b¡A¡ Sp¡hp_y„ R>¡.
`pj®v$ : Al]ep L$p¡C "Ad¡' _\u. Al] R>uA¡ dpÓ "lz„ A_¡ sy„ !'

42

_„v$_„v$_ : L¡$hp¡ _pgpeL$ R>¡ ! õhp\} !
rQÓNyàs : _„v$_„v$_, sdpfp rkhpe A¡ iåv$p¡ bp¡ghp_y„ buSp L$p¡C_y„ NSy>„ _\u. L$pfZ L¡$ õhp\®_¡ kpfy

rdÓ_¡ Nfv$_ dpf_pf...
_„v$_„v$_ : A¡ Mp¡V$u hps R>¡. d¢....
cp¡Nugpg : d¢ `Z A¡d ¼ep„ L$üy„ R>¡ ? d¢ sp¡ A¡V$gy„ S> L$üy„ L¡$ sd¡ S>¡_¡ Ap`bm L$lp¡ R>p¡ s¡_u `pR>m b¡ÓZ

hfk_p k„b„^dp„ sd¡ DQp`s L$f¡gp dpfp v$i lSpf ê$r`ep lsp.
_„v$_„v$_ : `Z... `Z...
rQÓNyàs : lSy>e lz„ sd_¡ L$b|g L$fu v¡$hp L$lz„ Ry>„. A„s¡ sp¡ sdpf¡ L$b|g L$fhp_y„ S> R>¡.
_„v$_„v$_ : `Z A¡dp„ dpfu v$p_s Mp¡V$u _ lsu, dpfu `pk¡ `¥kp \pe A¡V$g¡ syfs S> A¡ cp¡Nugpg_¡ `pR>p

Ap`hp dpNsp¡ lsp¡. `Z Ðep„ cp¡Nugpg NyS>fu Nep.
rQÓNyàs : A¡V$g¡ `R>u sp¡ sd_¡ AhL$pi S> _ dþep¡, `¥kp `pR>p Ap`hp_p¡ ! Mfy„ _¡ ?
_„v$_„v$_ : lp... _p...

[A„^pfy„ ]
[âL$pi \pe R>¡. kcpN©l v¡$Mpe R>¡. h¼sp sfuL¡$ fpS>¡îu A[Á_Ly$dpf cpjZ L$fsp lp¡e R>¡.]

A[Á_Ly$dpf : kÄS>_p¡, klz L$p¡C_¡ dp¢A¡ Ap`Z¡ kp„cmuA¡ R>uA¡ L¡$ âpdprZL$sp A¡ S> Æh_hl¡hpf_p¡
`pep¡ lp¡hp¡ Sp¡CA¡. âpdprZL$sp_p¡ A\® dpÓ ê$r`ep, Ap_p, `pC_u g¡hX$v¡$hX$ A¡V$gp¡ S>
_ L$fhp¡ Sp¡CA¡. L¥$gpkhpku _„v$_„v$_ i¡W¡$ Ap hõsy_¡ Æh_dp„ ApQfu bsphu lsu. L¡$V$gpL$
âk„Np¡_p¡ sp¡ lz„ kpnu füp¡ Ry>„. L$p¡C_u `Z Mp¡V$u `pC `p¡sp_¡ Ðep„ flu Spe A¡_y„ A¡d_¡ cpf¡
vy$:M lsy„ A_¡ A¡_p Mfp l½$v$pf dprgL$_¡ ip¡^u L$pY$u_¡ A¡_¡ A¡ fL$d _ `lp¢QpX¡$ Ðep„ gNu
A¡d_¡ Q¡_ _'sy„ `X$sy„. L¡$V$gp„L$ A_p\ bpmL$p¡_u rdgL$s L¡$ rh^hpAp¡_u `|„Æ A¡d_¡ Ðep„
A_pdsê$`¡ fl¡su A_¡ A¡dp„_p A¡L$A¡L$_u A¡ A„sf_u vy$hp `pdsp. Nusp_p¡ Apv$i® sp¡ A¡dZ¡
Æh_dp„ Dspep£ lsp¡...

[A„^pfy„ ]
[âL$pi \pe R>¡ Ðepf¡ rQÓNyàs_p¡ v$fbpf ×[óV$k„dyM Aph¡ R>¡.]

_„v$_„v$_ : S|>W$u hps, kph S|>W$u hps.
d|mu X$p¡iu : ApMu tS>v$Nu A¡Z¡ A¡_u S|>W$u hps d_phu. `Z Al] sp¡ L$b|g L$e£ S> R|>V$L$p¡ R>¡.
_„v$_„v$_ : `Z iy„ L$b|g L$fy„ ? sdpfy„ L$`pm ?
rQÓNyàs : _„v$_„v$_, sdpf¡ Ðep„ A_¡L$ S>Z A_pds d|L$hp Aphsp A¡ sp¡ Mfy„ _¡ ?
_„v$_„v$_ : lpõsp¡, A¡ sp¡ ipM h^pf¡ A¡V$g¡ klz L$p¡C d|L$u Spe; dpf¡ sp¡ D`f\u _pN S>¡d A¡_u Qp¡L$u

L$fhp_u. dmsfdp„ Aphu bv$_pdu.

43

d|mu X$p¡iu : _„vy$cpC, sd_¡ d¢ Aphp _p¡'sp ^pep®.
_„v$_„v$_ : d|mubpC, sd¡ d_¡ iy„ ^pep£' sp¡ A¡ kp\¡ lz„ L¡$V$gu r_õbs ^fphu iLy„$ ? dpf¡ buSy>„ `Z L$pd

L$fhp_y„ R>¡ L¡$ _rl ?
rQÓNyàs : buSy>„ L$pd A¡V$g¡ sp¡ ^_âp[às_y„ _¡ ? A\p£`pS>®__y„ S> _¡ ?
_„v$_„v$_ : lpõsp¡, S>¡ S>hpbv$pfu lp¡e A¡ sp¡ Av$p L$fhp_u S> _¡ ?
rQÓNyàs : lz„ A¡ S> L$l¡sp¡ lsp¡ ! Al] A¡ Myipg \sy„ lsy„. Ap A_pds fpMhu A¡ `Z A¡L$ A\p£`pS>®_

S> lsy„ _¡ ! L¡$V$gp_¡ sd¡ d|X$u `pR>u Ap`u ? L¡$V$gp_¡ Mfp¡ Ah¡S> `pR>p¡ Apàep¡ ? L¡$V$gp_p X$åbp
sd¡ Ap¡mìep ?
_„v$_„v$_ : Ap Mp¡V$u hps R>¡.
rQÓNyàs : Ap d|mubpC_p„ _pZp„ sd¡ `pR>p„ Ap`¡gp„ ?
_„v$_„v$_ : _p, L$pfZ L¡$ A¡ _pZp„ A¡d_p„ lsp„ S> _l] !
d|mu X$p¡iu : Ðepf¡ L$p¡_p„ lsp„ ?
_„v$_„v$_ : ^dp®v$p_p„. d|mu X$p¡iuA¡ A¡d L$lu_¡ S> d|¼ep„ lsp„.
d|mu X$p¡iu : _fv$d S|>W$pÏ„ R>¡, A¡hy„ d¢ L$ü„y S> _\u.
_„v$_„v$_ : A¡dp„ L$l¡hp_u S>ê$f iu ? L$p¡C_p¡ h„ihpfk lp¡e _rl sp¡ A¡_y„ ^_ sp¡ ^dp®v$p_y„ S> L$l¡hpe _¡ ?
rQÓNyàs : A¡V$g¡ L¡$ A¡_p hpfk A_¡ D`cp¡N L$f_pf sd¡ Mfy„ _¡ ?
_„v$_„v$_ : sd¡ gp¡L$ dpÓ A¡L$ S> rhQpf L$fp¡ R>p¡. A¡_u S>hpbv$pfu `Z kdÆ g¡hu Sp¡CA¡.
rQÓNyàs : L$p¡C_u ApMu tS>v$Nu_u L$dpZu sd¡ Ap¡mhu gp¡ A_¡ A¡_¡ c|M¡ dfhp_p¡ hpfp¡ Aph¡ A¡hp¡
rhïhpkOps L$fp¡. A¡ S> sdpfu S>hpbv$pfu _¡ ?
_„v$_„v$_ : d_¡ Al] Þepe dm¡ A¡d gpNsy„ _\u.
rQÓNyàs : L$pfZ L¡$ sd¡ kpQp¡ Þepe ip¡ R>¡ A¡ kdS>sp _\u.

[A„^pfy„ ]
[âL$pi. kcpN©l. îu Q¡s_ ìep¿ep_ Ap`sp lp¡e R>¡.]

Q¡s_ : Ap`Zp d_dp„ A¡L$ dpÞesp A¡hu ×Y$ \C R>¡ L¡$, vy$r_epdp„ dpZk Äepf¡ L$iy„ kÐL$pe® L$f¡ R>¡
Ðepf¡ A¡_u `pR>m A¡_p d_dp„ L$urs®_p¡ L¡$ A¡hp L$ip_p¡ dp¡l L$pd L$fsp¡ lp¡e R>¡. r_c£m k¡hp
SpZ¡ Ap vy$r_ep_u _rl, `Z AÞe L$p¡C vy$r_ep_u hõsy lp¡e A¡hu S> dpÞesp b„^pC NC R>¡.
õhN®õ\ i¡W$ _„v$_„v$_ Apdp„ A`hpv$ê$` lsp. A¡d dpfu Sps dprlsu D`f\u lz„ L$lu iLy„$ A¡d
Ry>„. L$urs®_u gpgkp L¡$ vy$r_ep_u hplhpl A¡ A¡d_u kMphsp¡_y„ L$pfZ _ lsy„. _„v$_„v$_cpCA¡
vy$r_ep_u gugu A_¡ k|L$u b„_¡ Sp¡C lsu. Æh_dp„ V$pY$ A_¡ sp` b„_¡ A¡dZ¡ h¡Wép„ lsp„.
hk„s A_¡ `p_Mf bÞ_¡ A¡dZ¡ A_ycìep„ lsp„. A¡ A_ych¡ A¡d_pdp„ klp_yc|rs â¡fu lsu.

44

k„h¡v$_p S>Nphu lsu. ldv$v$}_¡ Y„$Y$p¡mu_¡ SpN°s L$fu lsu. L$p¡C_p vy$:M `f `p¡sp_p¡ L$urs®rd_pf
fQhp_u ApL$p„np A¡dZ¡ fpMu _ lsu. A¡ L$l¡sp : L$p¡C_y„e vy$:M sgcpf `Z lz„ Ap¡Ry>„ L$fu iLy„$,
A¡_p S>¡V$gp¡ gpc d_¡ Ap tS>v$Nudp„ buSp¡ ip¡ dmhp_p¡ R>¡ ? dmu R>¡ s¡ k„`rÑ_p¡ D`ep¡N,
Sp¡ A¡ dpV¡$ \C iL¡$ sp¡ A¡_p S>¡hy„ buSy>„ L$ey„ kp\®L$ lp¡C iL¡$ ? A_¡ A¡V$g¡ S> A¡dZ¡ Myëg¡ lp\¡,
Dv$pf qv$g¡, ìe[¼s L¡$ k„õ\p, klz_¡ _cpìep„ R>¡. ApS>¡ Sp¡ _„v$_„v$_ i¡W$_u lw„apmu R>p„e Nydphu
lp¡e sp¡ s¡ `¡gp, kdpS>¡ rsfõL$pf¡gp„ A_p\p¡A¡ Nydphu R>¡.

[A„^pfy„ ]
[âL$pi, rQÓNyàs_p¡ v$fbpf ]

rQÓNyàs : Ðepf¡ sdpfy„ v$p_ L$urs®v$p_ _ lsy„ A¡d ?
_„v$_„v$_ : L$urs® sp¡ d_¡ A¡V$gu dmu L¡$ dpf¡ A¡_¡ Mfuv$hp S>hy„ _'sy„ `X$sy„.
rQÓNyàs : Ðepf¡ sdpfp v$p_ `pR>m_p¡ l¡sy ip¡ lsp¡ ?
_„v$_„v$_ : sd¡e L¡$hp¡ khpg L$fp¡ R>p¡ ? v$p_ `pR>m ip¡ l¡sy lp¡sp¡ li¡ ? vy$:M v¡$Mu _ Mdpe Ðepf¡ A¡_¡

Ap¡Ry>„ L$fhp L$p¡rii L$fuA¡. b¡ `¥kp Ap`u R|>V$uA¡.
rQÓNyàs : `Z vy$:M v¡$Mu _ Mdpe A¡ [õ\rs ¼epf¡ Aph¡ ?
_„v$_„v$_ : dpZk lp¡e A_¡ A¡_¡ qv$g lp¡e, sp¡ A¡ [õ\rs Aphhp_u fpl S> Sp¡hu _ `X¡$.
rQÓNyàs : A¡d _¡ ? (hps bv$gsp„) sd¡ dpgsu_¡ sp¡ Ap¡mMsp S> lip¡ ?
_„v$_„v$_ : dpgsu ! sd¡ iy„ bp¡gp¡ R>p¡ ?
rQÓNyàs : õd©rs_¡ spÆ L$fu Sy>Ap¡. sdpfp b„Ngp_u `X$p¡idp„ S> A¡L$ Ly$Vy„$b fl¡sy„ lsy„. Ðep„ rh^hp

`yÓh^| lsu. (\p¡X$u hpf AV$L$u S>C) lSy> h^pf¡ L$lz„ ? õd©rs_¡ spÆ L$fhp ?
_„v$_„v$_ : spÆ \C. lh¡ s¡_y„ iy„ R>¡ ?
rQÓNyàs : dpf¡ A¡V$gy„ S> L$l¡hy„ R>¡ L¡$ A_p\pîd kp\¡_p¡ sdpfp¡ k„b„^ dpgsu kp\¡_p sdpfp k„b„^_¡

gC_¡ lsp¡. Ðepfbpv$ sp¡ sd¡ rh^hpîd_¡e klpe L$fu. Aphp S> L$pfZ¡.
_„v$_„v$_ : sd¡ sp¡ SpZ¡ A¡hy„ v¡$MpX$hp d\p¡ R>p¡ L¡$ d¢ vy$r_epdp„ dp¡Vy„$ `p` ApQey¯ R>¡ !
rQÓNyàs : `p`_u sdpfu ìep¿ep iu li¡ A¡ lz„ _\u SpZsp¡. bpL$u Ap dpgsu_u hpf„hpf \su L$ap¡X$u

v$ipdp„ sdpfp rlõkp_p¡ Äepf¡ sd_¡ ¿epg Apìep¡ Ðepf¡ sd¡ A_p\pîd_¡ klpe L$fhp dp„X$u.
A¡V$gu sp¡ kpQu lL$uL$s R>¡ _¡ ?
_„v$_„v$_ : Ap bv$g sp¡ EgV$p¡ dpZk_¡ kf`ph Ap`hp¡ Sp¡CA¡.
rQÓNyàs : kf`ph sp¡ sd_¡ dþep¡ S> R>¡ ! Æhsp„, A_¡ d|Ap bpv$ `Z vy$r_ep sd_¡ v$p_huf L$l¡ R>¡
A¡V$gp¡ kf`ph Ap¡R>p¡ R>¡ ?
_„v$_„v$_ : ìe„N A_¡ L$V$pn bÞ_¡ kdSpe A¡hu QuSp¡ R>¡, `Z A¡_¡ lz„ `p` dp_sp¡ _\u, EgVy„$ Nusp_p¡
kpfbp¡^ Æh_dp„ Dspep®_y„ hpS>bu Arcdp_...

45

`pj®v$ : L$d®ep¡Nu_p Apv$i® ?...

[A„^pfy„ ]
[âL$pi, kcpN©l v¡$irâe i[¼sifZ ìep¿ep_ Ap`¡ R>¡.]

i[¼sifZ : Ap`Zp v¡$idp„ `¥kpv$pfp¡_y„ fpS>L$pfZ A¡L$ Sy>v$u S> hõsy R>¡. A¡d_p¡ `fddp„ `fd rkÙp„s,
õhp\® kp^_p_p¡ lp¡e R>¡. ^Zu_¡ ^p L$l¡hy„ A_¡ Qp¡f_¡ _pku S>hp_u klzrges L$fu Ap`hu
A¡hy„ A¡d_y„ hs®_ lp¡e R>¡. gp¡L$gpNZu_p¡ gpc EW$phhp¡ A¡_¡ S> A¡dZ¡ v¡$ik¡hp dp_u lp¡e
R>¡. Aphp k„Sp¡Np¡dp„ kv¹$Ns _„v$_„v$__p¡ fpóV²$â¡d, A¡d_u Ähg„s v¡$ic[¼s, A¡d_u rkÙp„s-
r_óW$p A_¡ v$p_hufsp A¡ kpQ¡ S> Aârsd lsp„. cp¡N Ap`hp_u hps\u A¡ L$v$u `Z XÁep
_\u. A`dp_ h¡W$u_¡ Vy$L$X$p¡ õhp\® kp^hp_¡ A¡ ¼epf¡e s¥epf _'sp. dp\pdp„ hpN¡ A¡hp¡ S>hpb
A¡ Ap`sp. fpóV²$â¡d_p„ Ähg„s Dv$plfZ A¡d_p ìehlpfdp„ Ap`Z_¡ W$pdW$pd _S>f¡ dmu
Aphi¡.

[A„^pfy„ ]
[âL$pi. rQÓNyàs_p¡ v$fbpf.]

rQÓNyàs : _„v$_„v$_cpC, lh¡ Ap`Z¡ sdpfu v¡$ik¡hp_u hps L$fuA¡.
_„v$_„v$_ : A¡dp„ hps L$fhp S>¡hy„ iy„ R>¡ ? dpfu afS> lsu A_¡ A¡ d¢ bSphu.
rQÓNyàs : bfpbf R>¡. sdpfu A_¡ klz_u afS> lsu. dpÓ iy„ bSpìey„ A¡ S> khpg R>¡.
_„v$_„v$_ : v¡$ik¡hL$p¡A¡ iê$ L$f¡gp a„X$apmpdp„ `¥kp Ap`hpdp„ d¢ ¼epf¡ `Z Ap_pL$p_u L$fu _\u.

46

Af¡, A¡_p hluhV$ rhi¡ `Z d¢ A¡L$ kMy_ _\u L$pYép¡ ! d¢ sp¡ `¥kp Ap`u v$u^p, `R>u A¡d_¡
L$fhy„ lp¡e s¡ L$f¡ !
rQÓNyàs : `Z sd¡ L$p„C A¡L$gp v¡$ik¡hL$p¡_¡ S> `¥kp _'sp Ap`sp. kfL$pfu Adgv$pfp¡_¡ `Z kpfu `¡W¡$
`¥kp Ap`sp lsp.
_„v$_„v$_ : Mfu hps R>¡. sdpfp S>¡hpAp¡_¡ Ap ASy>Nsy„ gpN¡ R>¡, L$pfZ L¡$ sd¡ gp¡L$ hl¡hpfy _\u,
vy$r_epdp„ fl¡sp„ sd_¡ AphX$sy„ _\u. vy$r_epdp„ fl¡hy„ lp¡e sp¡ ^|m_p¡ `Z M` `X¡$ A_¡ M`
`X¡$ A¡ b^u hõsy_¡ A¡_u qL„$ds lp¡e R>¡. das dm¡ A¡ lhp`pZu\u `¡V$ Ap¡Ry>„ cfpe R>¡ ?
rQÓNyàs : Ðepf¡ Ap a„X$apmp sp¡ Æhsf_u qL„$ds Q|L$hhp_p khpg S>¡hp S> _¡ ?
_„v$_„v$_ : A¡dp„ Mp¡Vy„$ iy„ ? A_¡ A¡ blp_¡ dpfp \p¡X$pOZp v¡$ihpkuAp¡_¡ klpec|s `Z \sp¡.
rQÓNyàs : `¡gu õhv¡$iu_u Qmhm_y„ iy„ ?
_„v$_„v$_ : A¡_p âQpf `pR>m d¢ gpMp¡ ê$r`ep MÃep® R>¡. v¡$i Sp¡ b^y„ õhv¡$iu hp`fsp¡ \pe sp¡ `fv¡$iu
kÑp_u `L$X$ Ap`p¡Ap` s|V$u Spe.
rQÓNyàs : Apdp„ kfhpm¡ L¡$V$gp¡ _ap¡ \ep¡ ? õhv¡$iu_u cph_p A„N¡ sdpfp„ L$pfMp_p„_¡ L¡$hy„L$ DÑ¡S>_
dþey„ ?
_„v$_„v$_ : A¡ sp¡ kpv$p A\®ipõÓ_p¡ khpg R>¡; dp„N SpN¡ A¡V$g¡ `yfhW$p¡ dmu fl¡.
rQÓNyàs : A_¡ ¼epf¡L$ dp„N_¡ KOdp„\u Y„$Y$p¡mu_¡ S>NpX$hu `X¡$ !
_„v$_„v$_ : lp, A¡d `Z b_¡ !
rQÓNyàs : õhv¡$iu_u sd¡ L¡$V$gu k„Ly$rQs ìep¿ep L$fp¡ R>p¡ !
rQÓNyàs : sp¡, sd¡ h¡Qp¡ s¡ b^y„ õhv¡$iu, A¡hu ìep¿ep sd_¡ dpaL$ Aphi¡ ?
_„v$_„v$_ : A¡ sp¡ W$uL$ R>¡, bpL$u âSp_u S>ê$qfeps `|fu `pX$hu A¡ dpfu L$ped_u _¡d R>¡.
rQÓNyàs : sp¡ `R>u sd¡ L$pmp„ bSpf L¡$d L$ep¯ ?
_„v$_„v$_ : kpQ¡ S> sdpfp S>¡hp kdSy> dpZk Apd bp¡g¡ R>¡ Ðepf¡ d_¡ L$pm ìep`¡ R>¡. `l¡gu hps sp¡ A¡
R>¡ L¡$ bSpf dpÓ L$pmy„ R>¡. ^p¡mp„ bSpf sp¡ l¥epawV$pAp¡_u L$ë`_p_p¡ rhje R>¡. buÆ hps A¡d
R>¡ L¡$ A¡d L$fu_¡ v¡$i_u hõsy v¡$idp„ S> fl¡hp v$u^u A¡_p¡ NyZ sdpfp l¥epdp„ hksp¡ _\u. A_¡
ÓuÆ hõsy A¡ R>¡ L¡$ sd_¡ `X¡$gp `X$v$p KQL$hp_p¡ _L$pdp¡ ip¡M cpf¡ gpN¡ R>¡; lz„ sp¡ l„d¡ip„
L$l¡sp¡ L¡$, cpCAp¡, \C Ney„ s¡ \C Ney„; lh¡ `R>u_u hps L$fp¡.
rQÓNyàs : sd¡ sp¡ L$pmp„bSpfk„lpfL$ krdrsdp„ lsp Mf„y _¡ ?
_„v$_„v$_ : A¡_p¡ âdyM lsp¡.
rQÓNyàs : A¡ h^y kpfy„ A_¡ sd¡ sp¡ hl¡hpfy füp. sdpfu krdrsA¡ L$pd L$fhy„ lp¡e sp¡ L$pmp„bSpf lp¡hp„
S> Sp¡CA¡ _l] sp¡ sd¡ k„lpf i¡_p¡ L$fp¡ ?
_„v$_„v$_ : kpQy„ L$üy„. Mfy„ `|R>p¡ sp¡ lh¡ d_¡ sdpfp rhi¡ L$p„L$ îÙp b„^psu Spe R>¡. dpfp¡ klhpk dmi¡

47

sp¡ sd_¡ lz„ hl¡hpfy sp¡ b_phu iL$ui.
rQÓNyàs : lz„ qv$gNuf Ry>„. `Z d_¡ A¡ gpc _rl dmu iL¡$.
_„v$_„v$_ : L$pfZ ?
rQÓNyàs : L$pfZ L¡$ sdpfp¡ dyL$v$dp¡ `|fp¡ \ep¡, lh¡ a¢kgp_p¡ hpfp¡ Apìep¡.
_„v$_„v$_ : i¡_p¡ a¢kgp¡ ?
`pj®v$ : `¡gu d¢ L$lu lsu A¡ bpv$bpL$u. s¡ `su lh¡ Apìep¡ NyZpL$pf_p¡ hpfp¡.

[A„^pfy„ ]
[âL$pi. kcpN©l. cpCkpl¡b D`k„lpf L$fsp lp¡e R>¡.]

cpCkpl¡b : Aphp A¡L$ huf `yfyj_¡ Nydpìep\u il¡f ApS>¡ SpZ¡ cp„N¡g„y S>Zpe R>¡. Spe R>¡ s¡_u S>Áep
`|fhp dpV¡$ _pMu _S>f¡ `Z dpZk dmsp _\u, A¡V$gy„ S> dpÓ vy$:M _\u. vy$:M sp¡ A¡ R>¡ L¡$
dpZk_y„ d_ kp„L$Xy„$ \sy„ Spe R>¡. kd[óV$_p L$ëepZ_u cph_p ApS>¡ `yõsL$p¡ `f S> flu R>¡ `Z
d_¡ A¡_y„e vy$:M _\u. A¡L$ fus¡ L$lz„ sp¡ D`r_jv¹$_p `fd Apv$i® "VoZ Ë`ŠVoZ ^wÄOrWm'_p¡ A¡L$
_d|_p¡, Ap`Zp Æh_dp„ Ap`Z_¡ h¥Ly„$W$hpku _„v$_„v$_dp„ Æhsp¡ Sp¡hp dþep¡. s¡_¡ Ap`Ï„ `fd
kp¥cpÁe kdS>hy„ Sp¡CA¡. õdpfL$_p¡ rhQpf Al] kcpdp„ \ep¡ A_¡ S>¡ cpCAp¡A¡ DÐkplc¡f s¡
L$pd D`pXéy„ R>¡ s¡ Sp¡sp„ A¡ kyep¡Áe fus¡ `pf `X$i¡ A¡ rhi¡ `Z d_¡ S>fpL¡$ i„L$p _\u. A„sdp„ d_¡
bpCbg_y„ `¡gy„ hp¼e - kp¡e_p _pL$pdp„\u KV$ `kpf \pe, `Z õhN®_p Üpfdp„\u ^_hp_ `kpf
\C iL¡$ _rl - A¡ epv$ Aph¡ R>¡. `Z kv¹$Ns _„v$_„v$_¡ A¡ Mp¡Vy„$ `pX$u bspìey„ Æhu_¡ Æh__u
kp„L$X$u OpV$udp„\u, L$pS>m_u L$p¡V$X$udp„\u A¡ Sps bQphu_¡ blpf _uL$mu Nep. kp¡e_p _pL$p_p
A¡L$ A`hpv$_¡ `fdpÐdp Adf A_¡ rQfip„rs Ap`p¡.

[A„^pfy„ ]
[âL$pi \pe R>¡ Ðepf¡ f„Nd„Q_y„ kcpN©l Mpgu R>¡. â¡nL$N©ldp„\u blpf _uL$msp„ sdpibu_p¡ Mpgu
MyfiuAp¡ `pk¡ AV$hpsp `¡gp ip¡L$kcp_p r_d„ÓZ_¡ L$iue gpNZu rh_p Sp¡C fl¡ R>¡. `X$v$p¡ `X¡$ R>¡.]

dpN®v$i®L$ õs„c

âõsys L©$rs_y„ AÝep`_ L$fphsp„ `l¡gp„ rhÛp\}Ap¡_¡ "A¡L$p„L$u' õhê$`\u `qfrQs L$fphu iL$pe. gOyÑfu
âï_p¡ Üpfp ip¡L$kcp, ip¡L$kcpdp„ A`psp„ h¼sìep¡, rQÓNyàs, `p``yÎe rhi¡_u gp¡L$p¡_u dpÞesp k„v$c£
s¡d_y„ `|h®op_ A_¡ s¡ rhi¡_p s¡d_p rhQpfp¡ SpZu iL$pe. AphíeL$ M|V$su dprlsu Ap`u iL$pe. k„p¥ â\d
A¡L$p„L$u_p rhjehõsy_¡ L$\p õhê$`¡ hZ®hu rhÛp\}Ap¡_¡ hN®dp„ Ap _pV$L$ cS>hhp_u â¡fZp Ap`u iL$pe.
kpfp lp¡hp_p¡ v„$c L¡$ v¡$MpX$p¡ L$fhp_¡ bv$g¡ Mf¡Mf kpfp dp_h, kpfp _pNqfL$ b_hp rhÛp\}Ap¡_¡ â¡fZp Ap`u
iL$pe. f„Nc|rd kp\¡ k„b„r^s rhrh^ L$pe®n¡Ó rhi¡ dprlsu Ap`u kprlÐe_p Aæepky rhÛp\}Ap¡ dpV¡$ _pVé
n¡Ó¡ D`gå^ rhrh^ ìephkpreL$ sL$ rhi¡ rhÛp\}Ap¡_¡ dprlsNpf L$fphu iL$pe.

48

õhpÝepe

(A) 1. _uQ¡_p iåv$p¡ dpV¡$ L©$rsdp„ h`fpe¡gp iåv$p¡ ip¡^p¡.

(1) Arcdp_ (2) W$f¡g (3) Apbê$ (4) v$p_
(7) ey[¼s (8) `funp
(5) ipbpiu (6) `X$v$p¡

2. _uQ¡_p iåv$p¡ dpV¡$ L©$rsdp„ h`fpe¡gp„ rhi¡jZ ip¡^p¡. (3) ----vy$L$p_ (4) ----k¡hp
(1) ----dpÞesp$ (2) ----k„Sp¡Np¡ (7) ----`yfyj (8) ----byrÙ
(5) ----kp¥cpÁe (6) ----fpS>dpN®

3. _uQ¡_p iåv$ kd|lp¡ dpV¡$ A¡L$ iåv$ Ap`p¡. (2) S>¡_p D`f _pV$L$ \pe R>¡ s¡ KQu S>Np -
(1) Mp¡V$u fus¡ EW$phu S>hy„, Ap¡mhhy„ - (4) dpZkp¡ KQL$u_¡ Qgph¡ A¡hy„ A¡L$ hpl_ -
(3) kp\¡ dmu_¡ \su rhQpfZp -

4. L©$rsdp„ Aph¡gu rhfyÙp\} iåv$p¡_u Sp¡X$u ip¡^u_¡ gMp¡.

(Ap) 1. L$p¡Z s¡ L$lp¡.
(1) _„v$_„v$_ i¡W$_p rdÓ -
(2) L$pmp„bSpfk„lpfL$ krdrs_p âdyM -
(3) d©sL$p¡_p `p``yÎe_p¡ rlkpb L$f_pf -
(4) _„v$_„v$_ i¡W$_u kpd¡ `pgMudp„ b¡ku `kpf \_pf -
(5) _„v$_„v$_ i¡W$_¡ rQÓNyàs_p v$fbpf ky^u gC S>_pf -
(6) _„v$_„v$_ i¡W$_¡ fpóV²$â¡d_p Ähg„s Dv$plfZ L$l¡_pf -
(7) _„v$_„v$_ i¡W$_u ip¡L$kcpdp„ âdyM_y„ õ\p_ ip¡cph_pf -
(8) L$p¡C S> h„ihpfk _ lp¡hp\u S>¡_u A_pds _„v$_„v$_ i¡W¡$ `pR>u _ hpmu -

2. L©$rs_p Ap^pf¡ L$p¡óV$L$ `|Z® L$fp¡.
L$pe®L$sp®Ap¡A¡ Ap`¡gp¡ _„v$_„v$__p¡ `qfQe

`uY$ N©lõ\_p¡ `l¡fh¡i

d©sìe[¼s dpV¡$ L©$rsdp„ h`fpe¡gp iåv$p¡

i[¼sifZ_p ds¡ _„v$_„v$__p NyZp¡

49

3. ApL©$rsb„^ `|Z® L$fp¡.

(1) (2) rQÓNyàs¡ fS|> L$f¡gp kpnu
_„v$_„v$__u ip¡L$kcpdp„ bp¡g¡gp h¼spAp¡

4. A„L$dp„ S>hpb Ap`p¡.
(1) cpCkpl¡b A_¡ _„v$_„v$__p k„b„^_p¡ kdeNpmp¡ -
(2) _„v$_„v$_¡ DQp`s L$f¡gp cp¡Nugpg_p ê$r`ep -
(3) cpCkpl¡b_u L$ëepZL$pfu âh©rÑ_p¡ kdeNpmp¡ -

(B) 1. k„q^ L$fp¡. (2) A\® + D`pS>®_ (3) ky + AÃR> (4) ks¹ + S>_
(1) A_p\ + Apîd (6) õh + A\® (7) Ars + A„s (8) kd¹ + Qpg_
(5) `yfyj + A\®

2. kdpk_p¡ rhN°l L$fu âL$pf gMp¡.

(1) rh^hp (2) v¡$ik¡hp (3) `p``yÎe (4) huf`yfyj

3. ê$qY$âep¡N_p¡ A\® gMu hp¼edp„ D`ep¡N L$fp¡. (2) l¥epdp„ L$p¡sfpe¡gy„ fl¡hy„
(1) dkgs L$fhu (4) d_ lfu g¡hy„
(3) QZcZ \hu

4. L©$rsdp„ Aph¡gp Sp¡X$iåv$p¡ ip¡^u_¡ gMp¡.

(B) 1. rQÓNyàs¡ i¡W$ _„v$_„v$_ `f d|L¡$gp Apfp¡`p¡ hZ®hp¡.

2. ip¡L$kcpdp„ hZ®hpe¡gp i¡W$ _„v$_„v$__p NyZp¡ A_¡ kdp„sf¡ rQÓNyàs¡ ìe¼s L$f¡gu rhfp¡^u hpõsrhL$sp L$p¡óV$L$ ê$`¡ fS|>
L$fp¡.

2. "kp¡e_y„ _pLy„$' iuj®L$_u e\p\®sp kdSphp¡.

(D) hN®kcp_y„ Apep¡S>_ L$fu _uQ¡_u `„[¼s rhi¡ `p¡sp_p rhQpfp¡ ìe¼s L$fp¡.

"d_ d¡gp„ s_ ES>mp„, bNgp L$`V$u A„N;

s¡\u sp¡ L$pNp cgp, s_ d_ A¡L$ S> f„N.'

(E) Spl¡f Æh_dp„ lp¡hp R>sp„ âpdprZL$sp_u ârsd|rs® kdp "gpgblpvy$f ipõÓu'_p„ Æh_d|ëep¡ rhi¡ D`¾$d s¥epf L$fp¡.

dpfu _p_u dp¡V$u r_b®mspAp¡ Sp¡C lz„ lspi _rl b_y„,
buSpAp¡ L$fsp„ QqX$epsu i[¼s Sp¡C Nh® _rl L$fy„.

50

rhi¡j hp„Q_

L$Qfp_y„ ìehõ\p`_

dy„bC_p v¡$h_pf X$[ç`„N N°pDÞX$dp„ L$Qfp\u gpN¡gu ApN_u OV$_p `R>u
cu_p A_¡ k|L$p L$Qfp_¡ Sy>v$p L$fhp_u Ty„b¡i¡ afu A¡L$hpf h¡N `L$X$ép¡ R>¡. cu_p
A_¡ k|L$p L$Qfp_y„ ep¡Áe ìehõ\p`_ v$f¡L$ Ofp¡dp„ \pe sp¡ L$Qfp_p Y$Ng¡ Y$Ngp
X$[ç`„Ndp„ S>i¡ S> _rl. L$Qfp_p dy¿e âL$pfp¡ b¡ R>¡. (1) cu_p¡ A_¡ (2) k|L$p¡.

L$Qfp_p¡ r_L$pg L$fhp_p¡ k„`|Z® rhQpf A¡V$g¡ i|Þe L$Qfp_y„ Ýe¡e. Ap
Ýe¡e lp„kg L$fhp _uQ¡_u bpbsp¡_¡ Ýep_dp„ fpMhp_u S>ê$f R>¡. · Apv$s
bv$gu_¡ õhe„riõs L¡$mhhu.· hõsy_p¡ ìee _ L$fhp¡ ANf Ap¡R>p¡ L$fhp¡.
· kph®S>r_L$ õhÃR>sp_p„ d|ëep¡_y„ S>s_ L$fh„y. · Qpguk dpe¾$p¡_ _uQ¡_u
àgp[õV$L$ \¡gu_p¡ D`ep¡N V$pmhp¡. · "hp`fp¡ A_¡ afu hp`fp¡'_p rkÙp„s_y„
AdguL$fZ L$fhy„. · cu_p A_¡ k|L$p L$Qfp_¡ Sy>v$p¡ fpMhp¡. · L$Qfpdp„\u
Mpsf b_phhp_u âq¾$ep_p¡ âkpf L$fhp¡.

* L$Qfp_y„ ìehõ\p`_ L¡$hu fus¡ ?

· DÛp¡N^„^pAp¡_¡ gu^¡ \sp¡ L$Qfp¡ T¡fu A_¡ Sp¡Mdu lp¡hp\u
DÛp¡N`rsAp¡_¡ L$Qfp_y„ hN}L$fZ L$ep® `R>u S> _pi L$fhp_u afS> `pX$hu.
^psy_p L$Qfp_u gugpdu L$fu L$p¸ÞV²$¸¼V$fp¡_¡ h¡Qu v¡$hp¡. · h¥ÛL$ue L$Qfp_¡ `ump
f„N_u \¡gudp„ cfu_¡ s¡_p¡ h¥opr_L$ fus¡ _pi L$fhp¡. S>„syfrls L$ep® `R>u Ap
L$Qfp_p¡ _pi L$fhp¡. dp¡V$u dp¡V$u Ähg_cÌ$uAp¡ s¡dS> dpe¾$p¡h¡hdp„ s¡_p¡ _pi
\C iL¡$ R>¡. · bp„^L$pd_p L$Qfp_y„ `Z rhcpS>_ L$ep® `R>u s¡_p¡ r_L$pg
L$fhp¡. s¡dp„\u IV$p¡ b_phhp_u V¡$L$_uL$_p¡ D`ep¡N L$fhp¡. rkd¡ÞV$-IV$p¡_p¡ Q|fp¡
L$fu s¡_p¡ D`ep¡N bp„^L$pd n¡Ó¡ S> cfZu dpV¡$ L$fu iL$pe. · k¸_¡V$fu L$Qfp_¡
L$pNmp¡dp„ Sy>v$p¡ bp„^u_¡ S> a¢L$hp¡.

* Ap L$fhy„ i¼e R>¡ ?

· r_kN®v|$s bpõL¡$V$ : "÷u k„NW$_¡ s¥epf L$f¡gu "r_kN®v|$s bpõL¡$V$' _u
dv$v$\u Of_p L$Qfpdp„\u Mpsf b_phu iL$pe R>¡. AÐe„s Ap¡R>p v$f¡ dmsu
Ap bpõL¡$V$ cu_p L$Qfpdp„\u DÐL©$óV$ Mpsf b_ph¡ R>¡. · kp¡kpeV$uAp¡dp„ kps
qv$hk_p kps g„bQp¡fk rkd¡ÞV$_p MpX$p b_phu v$f¡L$ D`f Spmu gNpX$u_¡
kp¡kpeV$u_p cu_p L$Qfpdp„\u vy$N¯^frls Mpsf d¡mhu iL$pe R>¡. · fkp¡X$pdp„
\sp L$Qfp `f Ap`Z¡ Ofdp„ S> âq¾$ep L$fu_¡ Mpsf d¡mhu iL$uA¡. huk
guV$f-Y$p„L$Zphpmu b¡ bpgv$u_p Y$p„L$Zpdp„ A„v$f_u bpSy> ApW$\u v$k Qp„v$gp
S>¡hX$p„ L$pZp„ `pX$hp„. srme¡ _prme¡f_p R>p¡X$p L¡$ k|L$pe¡gp„ `p„v$X$p„ _p„Mhp„.
Ap bpgv$udp„ L$Qfp¡ _p„Mu_¡ S>ê$qfeps dyS>b `pZu R>p„V$u_¡ Ofdp„ S> Mpsf
b_phhp_y„ i¼e R>¡.

51

3. `Óìehlpf

riqfj `„Qpg

rhh¡QL$, k„`pv$L$ riqfj `„Qpg_p¡ S>Þd 7 dpQ®, 1943_p fp¡S> hX$p¡v$fpdp„ \ep¡ lsp¡. s¡dZ¡ _hgL$\p,
r_b„^, rhh¡Q_, k„`pv$_, A_yhpv$ S>¡hp kprlÐen¡Óp¡_y„ M¡X$pZ L$e¯y R>¡. "Ape_p¡', "h¥v¡$lu A¡V$g¡ S> h¥v¡$lu',
"ê$`fQ_p\u rhOV$_', "hps Ap`Zp rhh¡Q__u' s¡d_u SpZusu L©$rsAp¡ R>¡. s¡d_p blzrh^ kprlÐe kS>®_
dpV¡$ s¡d_¡ ^|dL¡$sy _hrgL$p `yfõL$pf A_¡ kprlÐe `qfjv$ `yfõL$pf\u kÞdp_hpdp„ Apìep R>¡.

k|f L©$rs_p¡

"`Órhïh'dp„\u g¡hpe¡g âõsys `Ódp„ g¡ML¡$ ifuap huS>muhpmp `pk¡ kdpS>dp„ õÓu_u [õ\rs rhi¡
`p¡sp_u d_p¡h¡v$_p ìe¼s L$fu R>¡. A¡L$hukdu kv$udp„ âh¡i¡gp¡ dp_h D`N°lp¡ R>p¡X$sp¡ \ep¡, `f„sy S|>_u `yfpZu
ê$qY$_u b¡X$uAp¡ sp¡X$u i¼ep¡ _\u. ârscphp_ õÓuAp¡_u ârscp_¡ Of_u S>hpbv$pfu_p Ap¡W$p l¡W$m Ahfp¡^u
v¡$hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. S>Þd \pe Ðepf\u S> `yÓ A_¡ `yÓu_p DR>¡fdp„, s¡d_p âÐe¡_p hs®_dp„ c¡v$cph L$fhpdp„
Aph¡ R>¡. kpkf¡ S>C_¡ sp¡ Q|gp¡ S> k„cpmhp_p¡ R>¡ A¡hy„ L$lu_¡ õÓu_u kS>®_pÐdL$sp_¡ rhL$õep `l¡gp„ S> L$QX$u
_pMhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. `yfyjâ^p_ kdpS> äpÞk_u dy[¼sv$psp Sp¡__¡ dpÓ kÑf hj£ A_Þe `fp¾$d v$pMìep R>sp„
`Z Qp¡L$_u hÃQ¡ kmNphu v¡$ R>¡. Ad¡qfL$p S>¡hp ^_pYé v¡$idp„ `Z A¡L$ _k®_u \e¡gu vy$v®$ip hZ®hu g¡ML¡$
kdpS>_¡ Ape_p¡ ^ep£ R>¡. ApS>¡ `Z `yÓS>Þd dpV¡$ õÓuAp¡ `f v$bpZ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡ A_¡ õÓu c°|Z_u lÐep
L$fu _pMhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Ap b^p dyØpAp¡ rhi¡ kdpS>dp„ SpN©rs ApZhp, Ty„b¡i Qgphhp A_¡ s¡dp„ kq¾$e
klcpN g¡hp g¡ML$ Ap`Z_¡ â¡fZp Ap`¡ R>¡.

L¡$V$gp b^p kde\u sd_¡ `Ó gMu i¼ep¡ fus¡, ApMu vy$r_ep A¡dp„ sp¡ Aphu Spe.) õÓuAp¡_¡
_\u. kde_p¡ Acph A¡hp¡ iåv$âep¡N L$fui sp¡ ApNm Aphhp_u sL$p¡ L¡$V$gu b^u Ap¡R>u lp¡e R>¡;
sp¡ kyfs\u, Adv$phpv$\u S> _l], R>¡L$ tkNp`yf\u A_¡L$ dpv$pd ¼e|fuAp¡, l¡g_ L¡$gfp¡, Sp¸_ Ap¸a ApL®$,
AhpS> Aphi¡, Mp¡Ë$u hps - Mp¡Ë$u hps. Ap B[Þv$fp Np„^uAp¡ hN¡f¡hN¡f¡ _uhX$u iL¡$, `Z A¡d_u
sp¡ A¡L$ blp_y„ R>¡, sd¡ L¡$V$gp b^p ìeõs R>p¡ A¡ ârscpAp_¡ ¡ AL$pfZ¡ NN„| mphu v$¡hpdp„ _\u Aphsu ?
v¡$MpX$hp dpV¡$ Aphu ApX$pip¡ hÃQ¡ hÃQ¡ Ecu L$fp¡ Of_u, Ly$Vy„$b_u S>hpbv$pfuAp¡ A¡_p `f lp¡e R>¡, A_¡
R>p¡. L$v$pQ sd¡ b^p„ kpQp„ lp¡ `Z Mfp.„ `Z d_dp„ A¡ r_cphhp S>sp„ blz dp¡V$p¡ cp¡N Ap`hp¡ `X¡$ R>¡ A¡
NX$d\gp¡ Qpgsu fl¡ R>¡. Qpf¡bpSy> dp_hk„lpf Sp¡hp hps kpQu, R>sp„ Ap`Zp ê$qY$hpv$u dp_k¡ `p¡sp_p„
dm¡ R>¡. Äepf¡ b¡_Tuf cyÑp¡_u lÐep \C Ðepf¡ `Z S> k„sp_p¡dp„ fl¡gu i¼espAp¡ `pfMu _l]. A¡L$
khpf_u Qp L$X$huhM \C NC lsu - Adpfu S>¡d hMs Ad¡ A¡L$ õhS>__¡ Ðep„ S>C QY¡$gp, s¡d_¡ Qpf
OZp„ b^p„ vy$:Mu \ep„ li¡. h^y vy:Mu \ep„ li¡. h^y v$uL$fuAp¡ lsu, A¡L$ sp¡ A¡V$gu b^u s¡S>õhu- A¡Z¡
vy$:M \hp_y„ A¡L$ buSy>„e L$pfZ lsy„. Apd¡e Ap`Zp `p¡sp_p„ f¡Mp„L$_p¡, rQÓp¡ bspìep„... Äep„ sd¡ L$iu
kdpS>dp„ ("Ap`Zp' iåv$_p¡ D`ep¡N blz ìep`L$ A`¡np S> _ fpMu lp¡e Ðep„ Aphu kS>®_pÐL$dL$sp

52

Sy>Ap¡ sp¡ L$p¡_¡ Ap_„v$ _ \pe ? ApW$-v$k drl_p `R>u L$p¡C A¡ ApL$pfp¡_¡ AZOX$ L$lu iL¡$, `Z A¡ AZOX$
Ad¡ `pR>p„ dþep„, `|Rey„ - rQÓL$mp L¡$V$g¡ `lp¢Qu ? ApL$pfp¡_u `pR>m OX$php_u ^udu âq¾$ep _l] S> lp¡e
A¡Z¡ fX$dk Ql¡f¡ L$üy„ : dçdu-`à`pA¡ Nyõk¡ \C_¡ A¡d ip dpV¡$ dp_hy„ ? s¡ S>¡dS>¡d dp¡V$u \pe s¡d s¡d
_p `pX$u v$u^u R>¡ - Mbfv$pf, rQsfpdZ_p Aphp QL$pQp¦^ L$fu _pMsu vy$r_ep Sp¡sp„ Sp¡sp„ A¡ `p¡sp_p„
fhpX¡$ QX$u R>¡ sp¡ ! A¡ gp¡L$p¡_¡ L¡$V$gy„ kdSpìep„ `Z cÁ_ k`_p„_¡ epv$ L$fsu L$fsu Ap„Mp¡_p M|Zp
^fpf _p S> `pX$u, Adpfu R>p¡L$fu_¡ Ah¡ „y b^y„ _ `fhX$¡, c]S>hsu lp¡s, v$uL$fu `|R>s - dp, dp, iy„ \ey„ ?
kpkf¡ S>i¡ sp¡ Aphp guV$p L$pC¡ `pX$hp v¡$i¡ ? A¡ gpL¡ $p¡ Ðepf¡ A¡ L$iy„ _ bp¡gs - epv$ Aph¡ R>¡. frhi„L$f_p
bp¡ëe¡ Nep„ - rQsfpdZ, fhpX¡$, guV$p - iåv$p¡ ^Z_u k„Nushpmu "A_yfp^p' qaëd - gugp _peXy$ - bgfpS>
S>¡d dNS> D`f T]L$psp lsp. L$v$pQ A¡ dpbp`_p¡ kpl_u_p Arc_ehpmu - "k|_u d¡fu huZp - k„Nus
hp„L$ _l] lpe¡ - AQp_L$ d_¡ âï_ \ep¡ - A¡d_¡ rb_p... lpe f¡ hp¡ qv$_ ¼ey„ _ Ape¡ ?' lh¡ Ap_u
R>p¡L$fp¡ lp¡s _¡ R>p¡L$fp¡ rQÓp¡ v$p¡fsp¡ lp¡s sp¡ A¡dZ¡ A¡_¡ kpd¡ sd¡ kph _p_u he_u rQÓL$pf i¥gSp `V¡$g_¡
AV$L$pìep¡ lp¡s ? d_dp„ _¡ d_dp„ - _p, d_dp„ ip d|L$u Sy>Ap¡ - SpZusp kprlÐeL$pf fpS>¡ÞÖ `V¡$g A_¡
dpV¡$, Myëg¡Apd; Sy>Ap¡, Adpfp¡ v$uL$fp¡ L¡$hy„ L¡$hy„ L$fu rQÓL$pf v$npbl¡_ `V¡$g_u A¡ v$uL$fu. dpspr`sp_p
füp¡ R>¡ ? Ap`Zu Þepsdp„ Aphy„ L$p¡C L$f¡ R>¡ ? `¡gu_p¡ âp¡Ðkpl__¡ L$pfZ¡ A¡Z¡ _p_u hedp„ L¡$hp¡ AkpdpÞe
hgp¡`ps L¡$hp¡ li¡, fps¡ KO _l] Aphsu lp¡e Ðepf¡ rhL$pk kpÝep¡ ! lh¡ sd¡ d_¡ `|R>u iL$p¡ L¡$ `¡gu L$Þep_y„
Ap„Mp¡ ApNm `¡gp ApL$pfp¡ fçep L$fsp li¡, L$v$pQ ApÐdbm Ap¡Ry>„ `Xéy„; s¡Z¡ ip dpV¡$ `p¡sp_u kS>®_p
AV$L$phu v$u^u ? s¡_u kS>®_p AV$L$u NC, L$pfZ
L¡$ `p¡sp_p kS>®_ dpV¡$ dpÓ _p¡V$`¡[Þkg\u _ Qpg¡,
L$pNm, Qp¸L$, f„N, hN¡f¡hN¡f¡_u S>ê$f `X$su lp¡e
R>¡. Ap sp¡ A¡L$ qL$õkp¡ SpÎep¡; Aphp sp¡ ANrZs
qL$õkpAp¡ R>¡ - qL$kL$p¡ azfkv$ l¥ Sp¡ \pd¢ qv$hp_p¢ L$p
lp\...

R>¡ëgp L¡$V$gp b^p kde\u lz„ b`p¡f¡ r_erds
fus¡ f¡qX$ep¡ kp„cmy„ Ry>„ - f¡qX$ep¡ Ad_¡ Adpfp S|>_p
qv$hkp¡_u epv$ A`ph¡ R>¡ - L$p¡C rdÓ fpshpkp¡ L$fhp
Aphu QY¡$ sp¡ A¡_¡ Adpf¡ fkp¡X$pdp„ kyhX$phhp¡ `X¡$
A¡hy„ _p_L$Xy„$ Of. s¡ hMs¡ sp¡ f¡qX$ep¡ rkgp¡_ A_¡ Ap¸g
B[ÞX$ep_u Dv|®$ krh®k_p¡ kyhZ®eyN Qpgsp¡ lsp¡ - fps¡
`\pfudp„ kpX$p _h¡ `X$uA¡, s¡dp„e Sp¡ ApL$pihpZu_y„
k„Nus-k„d¡g_ lp¡e sp¡ fps_p kpX$p bpf ky^u A¡
k„Nus_u dl¡qag Spd¡- ApS>_u S>¡d ApQd_u
L$fphhpdp„ A¡ gp¡L$p¡ dp_sp _ lsp. Af¡ NpX$u ApXp
`pV¡$ QY$u NC. ApL$pihpZu_p¡ A¡L$ L$pe®¾$d blz kfk
R>¡. kp¡d\u iy¾$ (L¡$ ir_ `Z ?) b`p¡f¡ ÓZ hpN¡

53

ddsp tk^, r_çdu rdîp, L$p„Q_bl¡_, il_pT g|„V$psp füp„ lsp„. dpÓ kÑf hfk_u he¡ s¡Z¡ Æh__y„
A¿sf "kMu kl¡gu' r_rdÑ¡ c¡Np„ \pe; A_¡ Ap gÿe r_es L$e¯y ls„y. äpÞk_¡ IÁg¸ÞX$_u Qy„Npgdp„\u
b^p„dp„ il_pTbl¡__p¡ AhpS> A¡hp¡ _dZp¡, duW$p¡, dy¼s L$fhp_„y ! Ap dpV¡$ s¡ äpÞk_p cprh fpSp Qpëk¯
riiyklS>... bk sd¡ kp„cþep„ S> L$fp¡, kp„cþep S> kpsdp_¡ dmu `Z Mfu. s¡_u Ap ep¡S>_pdp„ L¡$V$gpL$_¡
L$fp¡. d_¡ _\u Mbf L¡$ Ap`Zp kprlÐeâ¡duAp¡dp„\u fk `Xép¡. s¡_u ep¡S>_p_¡ blpgu Ap`u. 10,000
L¡$V$gp kp„cmsp li¡ ? S>¡d_¡S>¡d_¡ d¢ `|Rey„ R>¡ s¡dZ¡ M¡X|$sp¡_¡ k¥Þe Apàey„. 28du A¡râg, 1429_p fp¡S> s¡
_p `pX$u R>¡. Sp¡L¡$ rdÓ eo¡i v$h¡ L$l¡ R>¡ L¡$ Ap L$pe®¾$d Ap¡rg®eÞk _Nfdp„ L|$Q L$fsu `¡W$u. buS>¡ qv$hk¡ _Nf
M|b S> gp¡L$râe R>¡. A¡L$pv$ AW$hpqX$ey„ S>fp r_erds dy¼s \ey„. s¡_u Ly$ipN° ìe|lfQ_p_¡ L$pfZ¡ IÁg¸ÞX$_p
fus¡ kp„cmu sp¡ Sy>Ap¡. v¡$icfdp„\u õÓuAp¡ Ap A„Ly$i_p„ A¡L$ `R>u A¡L$ _Nf dy¼s \ep„. b^p„_¡
kMud„X$m_¡ ap¡_ L$f¡, _p - v¡$icfdp„\u sp¡ _l] - gpNsy„ L¡$ Sp¸_dp„ v¥$hu s¡S> R>¡. Qpëk¯ Npv$uA¡ b¡W$p
L$pe®¾$d tlv$udp„ R>¡ A¡V$g¡ v$rnZ cpfs_u õÓuAp¡ ap¡_ `R>u fpÄe_u k„drs rh_p s¡Z¡ A„N°¡Sp¡ rhfyÙ A¡L$
_p L$f¡, L$v$pQ b„Npm_u õÓuAp¡ ap¡_ _p L$f¡; NyS>fps_u buÆ gX$s Apv$fu `Z s¡ `L$X$pC NC A_¡ A„N°¡Sp¡_¡
õÓuAp¡ cpÁe¡ S> V$lzL¡$. dÝeâv¡$i, DÑfâv¡$i, kp¢`u v¡$hpC. fpSp_¡ `p¡sp_u fpS>Npv$u S>su fl¡hp_p¡
lqfepZp, rblpf_u õÓuAp¡ EgV$c¡f cpN g¡. OZu X$f gpÁep¡ A¡V$g¡ s¡_p Ry>V$L$pfp dpV¡$_u fL$d _ Q|L$hu.
b^u õÓuAp¡ `p¡sp_u `qf[õ\rsAp¡ hZ®hsu Spe, s¡_u kpd¡ MV$gp¡ Qpëep¡, Qp¥v$ drl_p_u L$pe®hplu
A¡d_p AhpS>dp„ v$u_spcph _l] - L$pL$g|v$u _l]; `R>u d©Ðeyv„$X$_u kSp afdphu. `pR>m\u s¡Z¡ L¡$V$guL$
hmu Ap õÓuAp¡A¡ L¡$V$gy„ b^y„ gp¡L$kprlÐe ApÐdkps c|gp¡ L$b|gu A¡V$g¡ d©Ðeyv„$X$_¡ bv$g¡ s¡_¡ S>_dV$u`_u
L$e¯y R>¡. L¡$V$guL$ õÓuAp¡ sp¡ dp„X b¡ÓZ Qp¡`X$u cZu kSp \C. S>¡gdp„ s¡Z¡ `yfyjp¡_p„ L$`X$p„ `l¡fhp dp„Xép„
lp¡e R>¡, L¡$V$gu b^u M¡sfdS|>fu L$fsu lsu; `Z A_¡ dpÓ Ap Ny_pkf s¡_p `f afu L$pd Qpëey„ A_¡
`p¡sp_u hps_¡ L¡$V$gu b^u kfk fus¡ d|L$u Ap`su _NfQp¡L$dp„ s¡_¡ kmNphu v$u^u. äpÞk_u dy[¼sv$psp_¡
lp¡e R>¡. NyS>fpsZp¡_¡ Ap kp„cmhp_y„ Ndsy„ _l] `yfyjâ^p_ kdpS>¡ Ap `yfõL$pf Apàep¡ !
lp¡e ? kp„cmsu lp¡e sp¡ ¼epf¡e f¡qX$ep¡ `f `p¡sp_¡
Arcìe¼s _l] L$fsu lp¡e; Apd sp¡ ùv$edp„ L¡$V$gu Apd sp¡ `yfyjp¡A¡ õÓuAp¡_¡ iy„ Apàey„ ? kpQp
b^u N|„NmpdZ gC_¡ Ap`Z¡ Æhsp„ _\u ? L¡$ `R>u ùv$e_p¡ â¡d T„Msu T„Msu d¡f¡gu_ d_fp¡ d©Ðey `pdu,
d¡fu bps flu d¡f¡ d_ d¢, Ly$R> L$l _ kL$u DgT_ d¢ ! du_pLy$dpfu d©Ðey `pdu A_¡ Aphu _pdu ìe[¼sAp¡_p
Sp¡ Aphp lpg \sp lp¡e sp¡ gpMp¡ A_pdu õÓuAp¡_y„
õÓuAp¡ D`f \sp Sy>gdp¡_p¡ Brslpk sp¡ L$v$pQ iy„ \s„y li¡ ? A¡d_u L$\pAp¡ Arcìe[¼s ky^u cpÁe¡
dlpcpfs\ue dp¡V$p¡ b_¡. kv$uAp¡\u Ap`Z¡ A¡ S> `lp¢Qu li¡ !
Sy>gdp¡ ApQpfsp„ S> füp„, A¡ AV$L$sp S> _\u - A_¡
L¡$hp„ L¡$hp„ hprleps L$pfZkf.. 1412dp„ S>Þd¡gu ä¡ÞQ v$peL$pAp¡ `l¡gp„ vy$r_ep_p kp¥\u ^_pYé v¡$i
Sp¸_ Ap¸a ApL®$ A¡ S>dp_p_u sp¡ hufp„N_p lsu. OÏ„ Ad¡qfL$pdp„ b_¡gu A¡L$ OV$_pA¡ OZp„ b^p„_p„ L$pmSp„
L$fu_¡ b_p®X®$ ip¸A¡ `p¡sp_y„ A¡L$ _pV$L$ Ap _preL$p_¡ L„$`phu _p¿ep„ lsp„. L$p¡C lp¸[õ`V$gdp„ _p¡L$fu L$fsu _k®
L¡$ÞÖdp„ fpMu_¡ fÃey„ lsy„. R>¡L$ _p_`Z\u Sp¡su O¡f Aphu_¡ Sy>A¡ R>¡ sp¡ kÑphpmpAp¡A¡ A¡_¡ buSp S>
Aph¡gu L¡$ `p¡sp_p v¡$ihpkuAp¡ L¡$V$gpe v$peL$pAp¡\u qv$hk\u _p¡L$fudp„\u L$pY$u d|L$u lsu. Of sp¡ `p¡sp_y„ ls„y
_l], A¡V$g¡ Mpgu L$fhy„ `Xéy„. \p¡X$p qv$hk sp¡ rdÓp¡_¡

54

Ðep„ flu. `Z Ad¡qfL$_ Ap¥`QpqfL$sp Aphy„ ¼ep„ ky^u r_óamsp dm¡ L¡$ r_óamsp dmhp_y„ gpN¡ sp¡ qL$ip¡fuAp¡
_cph¡ ? A¡V$g¡ kõsu lp¡V$gp¡dp„ flu, `p¡sp_u `pk¡ ApÐdlÐep L$fu g¡ R>¡, gÁ_Æh_ lSy> sp¡ dp„X$ iê$
S>¡ ls„y s¡ h¡Qhp dp„Xéy„. A¡ `Z Mgpk \ey„. fl¡hp \e„y lpe¡ A_¡ õÓuAp¡ ApÐdlÐep L$fu g¡ R>¡, A\hp
S>Np sp¡ lsu _l]. TpX$ _uQ¡, awV$`p\ `f Æhu Sp¡ey„. r_v®$e`Z¡ s¡_u lÐep L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. _p_udp¡V$u
Ad¡qfL$pdp„ sp¡ L$iy„ das _\u lp¡sy„. s¡_p dprkL$_p BÃR>p `|fu _ \pe A¡V$g¡ ApÐdlÐep ! tS>v$Nu ApV$gu
qv$hkp¡dp„e bv$ghp dpV¡$_p„ L$`X$p„ lsp„ _l], lh¡ sp¡ s¡ b^u sp¡ kõsu ¼epf¡e _lp¡su.
_lphp^p¡hp_p Acph¡ N„^php dp„X$u. \ep. L$p¡C fõsp¡
_ füp¡ A¡V$g¡ Ap`husu gMu_¡ ApÐdlÐep L$fu lSy> `Z `yÓ_¡ S>Þd _ Ap`u iL$_pfu õÓu_¡
gu^u ! \p¡X$p qv$hk R>p`p„Ap¡A¡ k_k_pV$u dQphu, A`iyL$r_epm NZu_¡ A¡_¡ dl¡Zp„V$p¡Zp„ dpfhp_p„,
`Z `R>u buÆ L$\phpsp®Ap¡ s¡d_¡ sp¡ dmhp dp„X$u r`efhpV$ `L$X$phu v¡$hp_u. sd¡ õÓuAp¡_¡-`yfyjp¡_¡
A¡V$g¡ A¡ ApMu hps hukfpC NC ! Nd¡ s¡V$gy„ Æhrhop_ kdSphp¡ `Z A¡ kdS>hp S>
s¥epf _\u L¡$ `yÓ L¡$ `yÓu dpV¡$ `yfyj S>hpbv$pf R>¡, õÓu
ldZp„ ldZp„ L¡$V$gu b^u Ar_ÃR>_ue _l] - cZ¡gp¡ hN® `Z rhop_ `Qphu iL$sp¡ _\u,
OV$_pAp¡ b_u flu R>¡ ! R>p`p„dp„ A`hpv$ rh_p Ap`Zp `|h®N°lp¡ A¡V$gu lv¡$ bmhp_ R>¡ ! Apdp„\u
A`d©Ðey_p qL$õkpAp¡ Aphsp fl¡ R>¡, AL$õdpsp¡dp„ S> âï_ S>Þçep¡ õÓu-c°|ZlÐep_p¡ ! Ap`Z¡ õÓufp¡N
dpep¯ Ne¡gp„Ap¡_u L$p¡C hps _\u, `Z `funpdp„ r_óZpsp¡_u B[õ`spgp¡ Sp¡CA¡, âk|rsN©lp¡ Sp¡CA¡,
kp¡_p¡N°pau_p„ L¡$ÞÖp¡ Sp¡CA¡ b^¡ õ`óV$ S>Zphhpdp„
Aphs„y lp¡e R>¡ L¡$ Al] Nc®_u Sprs_y„ `funZ
L$fhpdp„ Aphs„y _\u. lh¡ âï_ \pe L¡$ sp¡ `R>u Aphp„
`funZp¡ ¼ep„ \pe R>¡, L$p¡Z L$f¡ R>¡ ? X$p¸¼V$fp¡_p kp\
klL$pf rh_p Ap \C S> _ iL¡$. Ap AV$L$phhp dpV¡$_p„
kfL$pfu `Ngp„ A^|fp„ R>¡. `p¡õV$L$pX®$ `pR>m "b¡V$u
bQphp¡' R>p`hp\u hps AV$L$hp_u _\u.

"Ðepf¡ L$fuiy„ iy„ ?' - V$p¸ëõV$p¸e¡ v$peL$pAp¡ `l¡gp„
`|R>¡gp¡ âï_ afu `|R>uA¡ - Sy>v$p k„v$c®dp„ A¡L$ k|Q_
L$fhp_y„ d_ \pe L¡$ - rS>ëg¡rS>ëg¡ Ty„b¡i QgphuA¡;
Bgpbl¡_ `pW$L$, rldp„iu i¡gs S> _l] - L¡$V$gpL$
X$p¸¼V$fp¡_p¡ kp\ d¡mhuA¡, S>e„s _pfmuL$f_u A¡L$
rhop_L$\p Ap âï_ rhi¡ R>¡, s¡_p¡ Sp¡fip¡f\u âQpf
L$fuA¡, Ap v|$jZ sp¡ S>hy„ S> Sp¡CA¡; _pfu_¡ dpfu
_pMu_¡ "eÓ _pe¯õsy `|ÄeÞs¡' sp¡ bNcNs_p Sp`
b_u Spe ! dpfp S>¡hp L$d®iug _\u `Z Ap bpbsdp„
sp¡ L$d®iug b_hp_u `|fu s¥epfu R>¡, sdpfu ?

55

dpN®v$i®L$ õs„c

âõsys L$©rs_„y AÝep`_ L$fphsp„ `lg¡ p„ "kdpS>dp„ õÓuAp¡_p âï_p¡ A_¡ s_¡ p kdp^p_' rhi¡ QQp®_y„
ApepS¡ >_ L$fu Ap dyØ¡ rhÛp\}Ap¡_p rhQpfp¡ A_¡ s¡d_p„ kQ| _p¡ SpZu iL$pe. Ap k„v$c£ s¡d_¡ `p¡sp_p A_ychp¡
A\hp s¡Ap¡ SpZsp„ lp¡e s¡hp„ Dv$plfZp¡ L$l¡hp â¡fu iL$pe. rhïhdp„ v$f¡L$ õ\m¡ õÓuAp¡_u [õ\rs kdp_
S> R>¡, s¡d R>sp„ s¡Sp¡de rkspfp_u S>¡d QdL$u EW¡$gu v¡$irhv¡$i_u õÓuAp¡_p„ ×óV$p„sp¡ Ap`u rhÛp\}Ap¡_¡
â¡qfs L$fu iL$pe. kdpS>_p khp¯Nu rhL$pk dpV¡$ S|>_u dp_rkL$sp R>p¡X$u dy¼s rhQpfp¡_p NN_dp„ rhlfhy„

Ars AphíeL$ R>¡ s¡ hps rhÛp\}Ap¡dp„ ×Y$ L$fu iL$pe. "Pen-friendship' rhi¡ `Z hps L$fu iL$pe.

õhpÝepe

(A) 1. _uQ¡_p iåv$p¡ dpV¡$ L©$rsdp„ h`fpe¡gp iåv$p¡ ip¡^p¡.

(1) a¡gphp¡ (2) v$p¡j (3) rdS>gk (4) DÑ¡S>_
(7) d„S|>fu (8) Ýe¡e
(5) kL„$Qp¡ (6) L$pb|

2. iåv$kd|l dpV¡$ A¡L$ iåv$ Ap`p¡.

(1) v$ep D`Sph¡ A¡hu ApÆÆ - (2) blpvy$f õÓu -

(3) Ly$Vy„$b L¡$ kdpS>ìehõ\pdp„ `yfyj_y„ Apr^`Ðe lp¡e s¡hy„ - (4) `l¡g¡\u S> b„^pe¡gp¡ Arcâpe -

3. L©$rsdp„\u ep¡Áe rhi¡jZ ip¡^p¡.

(1) ---dp_k (2) ---Ql¡fp¡ (3) ---k`_p„ (4) ---ApL$pf

(5) ---Of (6) ---s¡S>> (7) ---v¡$i (8) ---lp¡V$g

4. L©$rsdp„ Aph¡gp A„N°¡Æ iåv$p¡_u epv$u L$fu iåv$L$p¡i_u dv$v$\u s¡_p NyS>fpsu `ep®e gMp¡.

(Ap) 1. L$p¡Z s¡ L$lp¡. (2) äpÞk_u dy[¼sv$psp
(1) `yÓ L¡$ `yÓu_p S>Þd dpV¡$ S>hpbv$pf (4) g¡ML$_p rdÓ
(3) Sp¸_ Ap¸a ApL®$_¡ L¡$ÞÖdp„ fpMu_¡ _pV$L$ fQ_pf (6) "Ðepf¡ L$fuiy„ iy„ ?' âï_ `|R>_pf
(5) äpÞk_p cprh fpSp (8) "A_yfp^p' qaëd_p k„NusL$pf
(7) _p_u he_u rQÓL$pf

2. L$p¡óV$L$ `|Z® L$fp¡.

(A) rQÓkS>®_ dpV¡$ S>ê$fu hõsyAp¡

L©$rsdp„ Aph¡gp qaëd L$gpL$pfp¡
"kMu kl¡gu' L$pe®¾$ddp„ c¡Np \_pf
"kMu d„X$m'_¡ Äep„\u ap¡_ Aph¡ R>¡ s¡ õ\mp¡
¿eps_pd ârscpipmu õÓuAp¡

56

(b) il_pT bl¡__p AhpS>_u rhi¡jsp
"Sprs `funZ r_j¡^' gM¡gy„ Sp¡hp dm¡ R>¡ s¡ õ\mp¡
g¡ML$_p dNS> D`f ^Z_u S>¡d T]L$pe¡gp iåv$p¡
`yÓ_¡ S>Þd _ Ap`u iL$_pfu õÓu kp\¡ L$fpsp¡ ìehlpf
L©$rsdp„ Aph¡gp rhv¡$i_p„ _pd

3. L©$rs_¡ Ap^pf¡ gMp¡.

(1) khpf_u Qp L$X$huhM \hp_y„ L$pfZ - (2) `p¡õV$L$pX®$ `pR>m gM¡gy„ k|Ó -

(3) kpQp ùv$e_p â¡d_u T„M_pdp„ d©Ðey `pd_pf - (4) R>p`pdp„ A`hpv$ rh_p Aph¡ R>¡ -

(5) _p_u dp¡V$u BÃR>p `|fu _ \sp„ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡ - (6) qL$ip¡fuAp¡_u ApÐdlÐep_y„ L$pfZ -

4. _uQ¡_p„ hp¼ep¡_¡ OV$_p¾$d âdpZ¡ Np¡W$hp¡.
A. (1) TpX$ _uQ¡, a|V$`p\ `f flu
(2) kÑphpmpAp¡A¡ A¡L$pA¡L$ _k®_¡ _p¡L$fudp„\u L$pY$u d|L$u
(3) Of Mpgu L$fu, rdÓp¡_¡ Ðep„ flu,
(4) `p¡sp_u `pk¡ fl¡gu hõsyAp¡ h¡Qu kõsu lp¸V$gdp„ flu.
(5) `p¡sp_u Ap`husu gMu ApÐdlÐep L$fu.
Ap. (1) Ap¡rg®eÞk _Nf_¡ dy¼s L$e¯y.
(2) kÑf hj®_u he¡ Ýe¡e _½$u L$e¯y.
(3) äpÞk_p cprh fpSp kp\¡ dygpL$ps L$fu.
(4) fpÄe_u k„drs rh_p Apv$f¡gu gX$s v$frdep_ `L$X$pC NC.
(5) ep¡S>_p_¡ blpgu Ap`u 10,000 M¡X|$sp¡_y„ k¥Þe Apàey„.

(B) 1. kdpk_p¡ rhN°l L$fu âL$pf gMp¡.

(1) dlpcpfs (2) _p_udp¡V$u (3) gp¡L$râe (4) r`efhpV$
(7) dp_hk„lpf (8) L$\phpsp®
(5) Acph (6) ANrZs

2. k„r^ R>p¡X$p¡. (2) `funp (3) eo¡i (4) k„kpf
(1) ìeõs (6) r_v®$e (7) ^_pYé (8) f¡Mp„L$_
(5) Ly$ipN°

3. ê$qY$âep¡N_p A\® gMp¡.

(1) fhpX¡$ QX$hy„ (2) hgp¡`ps L$fhy„ (3) NpX$u ApX$p `pV¡$ QY$hu (4) blpgu Ap`hu

4. Ag„L$pf Ap¡mMp¡.
(1) iåv$p¡ ^Z_u S>¡d dNS> `f T]L$psp lsp.
(2) A¡ ApL$pfp¡ AZOX$ lsp.

57

(3) _pdu ìe[¼sAp¡_p Aphp lpg lp¡e sp¡ A_pdu ìe[¼sAp¡_y„ iy„ \pe ?
(4) õÓuAp¡ `f \sp Sy>gd_p¡ Brslpk sp¡ dlpcpfs\u `Z dp¡V$p¡ b_¡.
(C) 1. hs®dp_dp„ h^u fl¡gu ApÐdlÐep_p„ L$pfZp¡ S>Zphp¡.

2. "b¡V$u bQphp¡' Ty„b¡i dpV¡$ sd¡ iy„ klep¡N Ap`u iL$p¡ s¡ gMp¡.

3. "_pfu_¡ dpfu _pMu_¡ eÓ _pe¯õsy `|ÄeÞs¡ sp¡ bNcNs_p Sp` b_u Spe.' - rh^p_ sdpfp iåv$p¡dp„ kdSphp¡.

(D) 1. "õÓu c°|Z lÐep - L$pfZp¡ A_¡ D`pep¡' rhi¡ hN®dp„ `qfk„hpv$_y„ Apep¡S>_ L$fp¡.

2. õÓuc°|Z lÐep_p„ kdpS> `f `qfZpd rhi¡ hN®dp„ QQp® L$fp¡.

(E) rhrh^ n¡Ó¡ ¿eprsâpàs õÓuAp¡ rhi¡ L$p¡gpS> s¥epf L$fp¡.

A`qW$s NÛp„i

1. _uQ¡ Ap`¡gp¡ NÛp„i hp„Qu Ap`¡gu L©$rs L$fp¡ :
â¿eps kdpS>ky^pfL$ CïhfQ„Ö rhÛpkpNf k„õL©$s cpjp_p `Z dlp_ `„qX$s lsp. s¡d_u rh^hp

dpspA¡ s¡d_¡ A_¡L$ sL$guap¡ h¡W$u_¡ cZph¡gp. v$uL$fp_¡ cZphhp s¡dZ¡ `p¡sp_p„ kp¡_p_p„ Of¡Zp„ `Z h¡Qu
v$u^¡gp„. s¡dZ¡ OZu b^u dyíL¡$guAp¡ kl_ L$fu lsu.

kde `kpf \sp„ CïhfQ„Ö cZuNZu_¡ dp¡V$p âp¡a¡kf bÞep. A¡L$ qv$hk s¡dZ¡ dpsp_¡ L$üy„, ""dp,
ApS>¡ lz„ S>¡ `Z L„$C Ry>„ s¡ spfp ÐepN A_¡ ddsp_¡ âsp`¡ Ry>„. spfy„ F>Z lz„ L$v$u Q|L$hu iLy„$ s¡d _\u. dpfp
Aæepk `pR>m spfp„ qL„$dsu Of¡Zp„ h¡QpC Nep„. dpfu BÃR>p R>¡ L¡$ lz„ s_¡ _hp„ Of¡Zp„ gphu Ap`y„.''

dpA¡ lmh¡\u A_¡ ky„v$f S>hpb Apàep¡, ""b¡V$p ! dpf¡ lh¡ A¡hp„ Of¡Zp„ iy„ L$pd_p„ ? A_¡ lp R>sp„ `Z
spfu BÃR>p lp¡e sp¡ lz„ L$lz„ A¡hp„ Of¡Zp„ s¥epf L$fu Ap` !'' CïhfQ„Ö¡ DÐkpldp„ Aphu L$üy„, ""dp ! bp¡g spf¡
L¡$hp„ Of¡Zp„ Sp¡CA¡ R>¡ ?'' dpspA¡ L$üy„, ""sy„ au rh_p_u ipmpAp¡ iê$ L$f. Äep„ bpmL$p¡ das A_¡ kpfy„ rinZ
d¡mh¡. gp¡L$p¡_p„ v$v®$ A_¡ `uX$p v|$f \pe s¡hp„ au rh_p_p„ v$hpMp_p„ iê$ L$f. Nfub A_¡ Ai¼s, gpQpf gp¡L$p¡_¡
`¡V$ cfu_¡ S>dhp_y„ dm¡ A¡hp„ kv$ph°s iê$ L$f. Aphp„ Of¡Zp„ S> Ap`Zu A_¡ kdpS>_u ip¡cp b_u fl¡i¡.''

CïhfQ„Ö¡ dpsp_u d_p¡L$pd_p `|fu L$fhp dpV¡$ s¡ S> qv$hk\u iyc L$pe®_p¡ Apf„c iê$ L$fu v$u^p¡.

õhpÝepe

(A) NÛp„i_¡ Ap^pf¡ gMp¡.
(1) CïhfQ„Ö rhÛpkpNf_u dpspA¡ dp„N¡gp Of¡Zp„ -
(2) CïhfQ„Ö rhÛpkpNf dlp_ `„qX$s lsp„ -
(3) CïhfQ„Ö rhÛpkpNf_¡ cZphhp dpspA¡ h¡W¡$gu dyíL¡$gu -
(Ap) Aphp„ Of¡Zp„ S> Ap`Zu A_¡ kdpS>_u ip¡cp b_u fl¡i¡- rh^p_ kdSphp¡.

`p\®_¡ L$lp¡ QX$ph¡ bpZ, lh¡ sp¡ eyÙ A¡ S> L$ëepZ. - Þlp_pgpg

58

4. gudX$p¡ T|L¡$ g¡g|„b f¡

õhprs d¡Y$

A_yhpv$L$, r_b„^L$pf A_¡ hpsp®L$pf õhprs d¡Y$_p¡ S>Þd 17 d¡, 1949_p fp¡S> Adv$phpv$dp„ \ep¡
lsp¡. V|„$L$p„hp¼ep¡, kfm iåv$p¡, kpv$u i¥gu s¡d_u rhi¡jsp R>¡. rhrh^ hs®dp_`Óp¡ A_¡ kpdreL$p¡dp„ s¡d_u
L©$rsAp¡ âL$pris \pe R>¡. s\p s¡Ap¡ L$V$pf `Z gM¡ R>¡. "Apfku_u cusfdp„', EX$u DNdZ¡ v¡$i', "blzf„Nu',
"gpNZukcf bpmDR>¡f' s¡d_p„ ârkÙ `yõsL$p¡ R>¡.

k|f L©$rs_p¡

âõsys r_b„^dp„ g¡rML$pA¡ gudX$p_p h©n kp\¡ Sp¡X$pe¡gu bpm`Z_u õd©rsAp¡_¡ hpNp¡mu R>¡. "d_¡ A¡L$
A¡L$ TpX$_u dpep gpNu'_u S>¡d gudX$p¡ SpZ¡ g¡rML$p_p bpm`Z_p¡, Ly$Vy„$b_p¡, Æh__p¡ A¡L$ A„sf„N rlõkp¡
b_u Nep¡ R>¡. gugp¡sfu\u lep®cep® L$ç`pDÞX$dp„ a¡gpe¡gp rhipm gudX$p_¡ g¡rML$p h©nfpS> L$lu_¡ kÞdp_¡
R>¡. h©n âL©$rsA¡ dp_h_¡ Ap`¡gy„ î¡óW$ hfv$p_ R>¡. h©n dpÓ dp_h dpV¡$ S> _l] `Z A_¡L$ `iy-`nu S>¡dL¡$
rMkL$p¡gu, hp„v$fp„, L$pNX$p, L$p¡eg, QL$gu, A¡ rkhpe L$uX$u, d„L$p¡X$p S>¡hp L$uV$L$p¡_y„ Apîe õ\p_ R>¡. gudX$p¡
g¡rML$p_p b„Ngp_y„ W„$X$L$\u fnZ L$f¡. gudX$p_p R>p„e¡ l]QL¡$ l]QL$sp„ g¡rML$pA¡ cprh_p„ A_¡L$ k`_p„ Sp¡ep„
R>¡. d¡v$p__p âlfu kdp gudX$p_u lqfepmu_p õdfZ¡ g¡rML$p_¡ Æh__p AZNdsp âk„Np¡dp„ V$pY$L$ Ap`u
R>¡. hp_fV$p¡mu_u r`L$r_L$, L$p¡eg dpsp-k„sp__y„ eyNgNp_, gudX$p `f QX$su-`X$su rMkL$p¡gu_¡ Sp¡sp„Sp¡sp„
g¡rML$p_y„ bpm`Z huÐey„. g¡rML$p dp¡V$p„ \sp„ buS>¡ fl¡hp Nep„, gudX$p_p¡ k„Np\ R|>Vép¡ `Z õdfZ _l].
A„sfdp„ R>`pe¡gu gudX$p_u guguR>d R>bu_¡ L$pm_u \`pV$p¡ c|Mfu _p L$fu v¡$ s¡h„y BÃR>sp g¡rML$p L$l¡ R>¡,
"kde Aphi¡ A_¡ S>i¡, Ap`Z¡ Aphuiy„ A_¡ S>Ciy„ `Z TpX$ sp¡ lfl„d¡i fl¡i¡ A¡L$ _l] sp¡ buSp õhê$`¡.'

\p¡X$p v$peL$p `l¡gp„_u hps R>¡. A¡ hMs¡ b„Ngp_u qX$TpB_ b_ph_pf¡ L$p¡Z SpZ¡ L¡$d A¡dp„
Adv$phpv$ il¡f_y„ dp¡V$p cpN_y„ gp¡L$ il¡f_u `p¡mp¡, Ap¡fX$p dp¡V$p b_ph¡gp A_¡ bpfZp„ A_¡ bpfuAp¡
MX$L$uAp¡, Mp„QpAp¡, X$l¡gpAp¡, i¡fuAp¡ A_¡ hÃQ¡ _p_p„, kp„L$X$p„ b_ph¡gp„. k|e®âL$pi A_¡ `h__¡ dp„X$
Aph¡gp fõspAp¡ `f_p„ Ofp¡dp„ hksy„ lsy„. DÃQ- \p¡Xy„$OÏ„ A„v$f Aphhp dm¡. b„Ngp¡ A„v$f\u A„^pqfep¡
r_ç_ hZp£, ^r_L$p¡, Nfubp¡, _p¡L$qfepsp¡, h¡`pfuAp¡ A_¡ V$pY$p¡ `Z A„v$f_u V$pY$ A_¡ A„^pfp_¡ cygphu
b^p„e A¡ `p¡mp¡, MX$L$uAp¡, i¡fuAp¡_p„ _p_p„ dp¡V$p„ v¡$ A¡hy„ dp¡Vy„$ L$ç`pDÞX$ ^|mdpV$u\u cf¡gy„ A_¡ A¡dp„
Ofp¡dp„ fl¡sp„. `R>u Apìep¡ rdgDÛp¡N A_¡ `qfZpd¡ _p_p„dp¡V$p„, Qp„v$_u, Spkyv$, L$f¡Z, kfNhp¡, ``¥ep„,
h^y ^_, A_¡ h^y ^__¡ `qfZpd¡ il¡f_u Apk`pk g]by_p„ TpX$ A_¡ d^ydpgsu A_¡ bp¡N_h¡rgep_u
kp¡kpeV$uAp¡ b_hp dp„X$u. ^r_L$ hN® b„Ngp b_ph¡ ArskyrhL$rks h¡gp¡. gugp¡sfu\u le¯yce¯y L$ç`pDÞX$
A_¡ L$p„ sp¡ `p¡s¡ A¡dp„ fl¡ A\hp b„Ngp¡ cpX¡$ Ap`¡. A_¡ Ap b^p\u dp¡V$p¡ h©nfpS> S>¡hp¡ ip¡csp¡ gudX$p¡.
A¡hp A¡ b„Ngpdp„ Ad¡ \p¡X$p„ hj® fl¡sp„ lsp„ cpX$hps
Aphp¡ S> A¡L$ b„Ngp¡ lsp¡ il¡f_u `p¡mp¡\u sfuL¡$.
\p¡X¡$ v|$f. _p_L$X$p¡, b¡W$p OpV$_p¡, A¡L$ dpm_p¡ b„Ngp¡.

59

b„Ngp¡ L$v$pQ S|>_p¡ lsp¡. A¡_¡ v$fhpS>¡ d|L¡$gu A¡ sp¡ Aph¡ R>¡ Ap_„v$ Ap`hp dpV$¡ L¡$ `uX$p Ap`hp
sL$sudp„ Tp„My„Tp„My„ h„Qpsy„ ls„y A¡ v¡$i_¡ ApTpv$u dmu dpV¡$. k`_p„dp„ Sp¡e¡gp A¡ Ap_„v$p¡ kpQp _\u lp¡sp sp¡
`l¡gp„_y„ L$p¡C hj® lsy„ 1939 A\hp 1929. gudX$p¡e `uX$pAp¡e ¼ep„ kpQu lp¡e R>¡ ? E„Odp„ Sp¡e¡gp„ k`_p„
A¡V$gp¡ S> S|>_p¡ lsp¡. Mpõky„ SpXy„$ A¡_y„ \X$ A_¡ SpX$u sp¡ blz epv$ `Z _\u fl¡sp„ `Z SpNsp„ Sp¡e¡gp„
gp„bu X$pmuAp¡. b„Ngp_p v$fhpSp_u Sp¡X¡$ X$pbu k`_p„ ? A¡ k`_p„ Aph¡ A¡_¡ epv$ fpMu_¡ `|fp„ L$fhp„
bpSy>_¡ R>¡X¡$ A¡_p¡ r_hpk. dL$p__y„ âh¡iÜpf `[òd dl¡_s L$fhu `X¡$. `Z dl¡_s L$fsp„L$fsp„ A^hÃQ¡
sfa M|gsy„. gudX$p¡ D_pmp_u b`p¡f `R>u_p Y$msp `¡gy„ k`_y„ L$v$uL$ cygpC Spe, L$v$uL$ bv$gpC Spe, L$v$uL$
k|fS>_p„ ApL$fp„ qL$fZp¡_¡ b„Ngpdp„ âh¡ihp _ v¡$. Mp¡hpC `Z Spe ! A¡ `R>u Sy>Ap¡ r_c°p¯rs_u dSp.
`p¡s¡ S> Tugu g¡. Sp¡L¡$ A¡d sp¡ A¡ riepmp_p k|fS>_p„
qL$fZp¡_p âh¡idp„ `Z ApX$p¡ Aph¡ S>. b„Ngp_¡ A¡hp„ OZp„ k`_p„ d¢ L$ç`pDÞX$_¡ l]QL¡$ b¡ku_¡
V$pY$p¡ rld fpM¡. Esfsp riepmp_p ^|mcep® `[òdu Sp¡e¡gp„. `Z A¡_u hps d|L$uA¡ `X$su A_¡ gudX$p_u
`h_p¡dp„ gudX$p_u X$pmuAp¡ T|g¡, a„Np¡mpe `Z hps L$fuA¡.
b„Ngp_u A„v$f A¡ `h_p¡_¡ Aphhp _ v¡$. hfkpv$dp„
Sp¡L¡$ gudX$p¡ `p¡s¡ S> dS>b|f. ip„rs\u hjp®^pfpAp¡ b„Ngp_u kpd¡ Myëgu dp¡V$u S>Áep, A¡_¡ d¡v$p_
Tugsp¡ fl¡ A_¡ `gmsp¡ fl¡. b„Ngp_p dprgL¡$ `¥kp L$l¡sp. d¡v$p__u afs¡ b„Ngp, A_¡ A¡ b„NgpAp¡dp„
M|V$u `Xép li¡ A¡V$g¡ L¡$ L„$S|>kpC L$fu li¡ A¡V$g¡ `Z A_¡ blpf gudX$p„_p„ h©np¡ lsp„. d¡v$p_ blz dp¡Vy„ _ ls„y.
b„Ngp_u R>s blz dS>b|s _lp¡su b_phu. A¡_p¡ `Z Qpf¡ sfa\u Myëgu dp¡V$u S>Áep_¡ d¡v$p_ L$l¡hpe.
Bfpv$p¡ `l¡g¡\u S> dL$p_ cpX¡$ Ap`hp_p¡ li¡. `p¡s¡ sp¡ `p¡mp¡dp„ A¡_¡ Qp¡L$Wy$„ L$l¡, lh¡_u kp¡kpeV$uAp¡dp„ L$p¸d_
fl¡hy„ _\u, cpX$hps_¡ fl¡hy„ lp¡e sp¡ fl¡. A¡ _bmu
R>sdp„\u hfkpv$_y„ `pZu V$u`¡V$u`¡ V$`¼ep L$f¡ ApMp
Ofdp„. gudX$pA¡ S>¡ `pZu Tuëey„ lp¡e s¡e hfkpv$ b„^
\C Nep `R>u ANpkudp„ `X¡$ A_¡ Ðep„\u Ofdp„ Aph¡,
V$`L$`ÙrsA¡ !

A¡ O¡O|f gudX$p_u R>p„e¡ gp¡M„X$_u ä¡d b_phu,
A¡dp„ L$X$p„ Np¡W$hu_¡ l]QL$p¡ bp„^¡gp¡. dp¡X$u b`p¡fp¡_p
A¡L$pv$-b¡-L$gpL$ rkhpe fpsqv$ l]QL$p¡ T|ghp dpV¡$
kyâpàe. A¡ l]QL¡$ b¡ku_¡ L¡$V$gue kS>®_pÐdL$, bp¥rÙL$,
op__u rkrÙAp¡ d¡mhhp_p„ k`_p„ d¢ Sp¡e¡gp„. k`_p„
lsp„ A¡ kpQp„ \p¡X$p„ `X¡$ ? qv$hk¡ SpNsp„ Sp¡CA¡ L¡$ fps¡
KOsp„. k`_p„ sp¡ k`_p„ S>.

k`_p„_ue Ap dSp R>¡. `Z A¡ dSp sp¡ S>
dm¡ Sp¡ A¡ k`_p„ kpQp„ _ `Xép_p¡ hkhkp¡ _ L$fuA¡
sp.¡ Apde¡ s¡ k`_p„ kpQp„ `X$hp dpV$¡ \pX¡ $p„ lpe¡ R>¡ ?

60

àgp¸V$. d¡v$p_dp„e afs¡ gudX$p_p„ TpX$. SpZ¡ d¡v$p__p qv$hkdp„ sp¡ `umu \C_¡ Mfu `X¡$ S>du_ `f A_¡
âlfuAp¡. L$fdphp dp„X¡$. lh¡ k|L$p„ `p__u rbR>ps_y„ õ\p_
g]bp¡muAp¡ g¡. `Z g]bp¡muAp¡ rbQpfu hS>_v$pf.
Qp¡dpkpdp„ A¡ b^pe gudX$p `Z ^p¡hpC_¡ Esfsp riepmp_p Sp¡fv$pf `h_Tp`V$p„ `Z A¡_¡
õhÃR> \pe. `l¡gp hfkpv$ `R>u_u khpf¡ sp¡ d¡v$p_ Mk¡X$u _ iL¡$. fplv$pfuAp¡_p `N _uQ¡, õL|$V$fp¡,
A¡hy„ gugy„R>d gpN¡ SpZ¡ Ap„Mp¡dp„ cfu_¡ fpMu gCA¡. kpB¼gp¡, dp¡V$fp¡, gpfuAp¡_p„ `¥X$p„ _uQ¡ rbQpfu L$QX$pC
A¡ lqfepmu cfue gu^¡gu. Æh_dp„ buSp SpsSps_p Spe. L$p¡CL$ hmu ^|m _uQ¡ v$bpC Spe. bpL$u_u fõsp¡
f„Np¡ Sp¡ep. L$p¡CL$p¡C AZNdsu f„NR>pepAp¡e Sp¡hp_u hpm_pf L$d®Qpfu_p kphfZpdp„ Y$kX$pC Spe. `¡gu
\C Ðepf¡e A¡ lqfepmu_p õdfZ¡ V$pY$L$ Ap`u R>¡. v$bpC Ne¡gu g]bp¡muAp¡ Qp¡dpkpdp„ A„Ly$qfs \pe,
hX¹®$Th\®_¡ `¡gp X¡$ap¡qX$ëk_u rbR>ps¡ Ap`u lsu s¡hu. `Z gudX$p Ap¡R>p lsp d¡v$p_dp„ L¡$ _hp„Ly$fp¡_y„ L$p¡C
S>s_ L$f¡ ? b„Ngp_p dprgL$p¡A¡ fp¡L¡$gp dpmuAp¡_p
riepmpdp„ A¡ _p_L$X$p„ `p_ `ump„ \C_¡ Mfu lp\_u M|f`uAp¡ A_¡ _hp„Ly$qfs g]bp¡muAp¡...
`X¡$. ApMp d¡v$p_dp„, b„NgpAp¡_p L$ç`pDÞX$p¡dp„
gudX$p_p„ k|L$p„ `p_ `\fpC Spe. dp¡X¡$ riepm¡ "Sp¡ ldpfu dfÆ (hlu) syçlpfu dfÆ.' Aphy„
DÑf`[òd\u hlu Aphsp \p¡X$p Nfd, \p¡X$p iusm sp¡ dp_h-_hp„Ly$fp¡_y„e \pe S> R>¡ _¡ ?
`h_p¡ A¡ `p„v$X$p„_¡ Apds¡d DX$pX¡. S>du_ `f_u ^|m
A_¡ gudX$p_p„ k|L$p„ `p__u Ly$v$fskfÆ ky„v$f qX$TpC_p¡ `h_dp„ lugp¡mphy„, `ump„ `p_ h¡fhp„, çlp¡f_u
fQpe. l]QL¡$ T|gsp„ Qp¡`X$uAp¡ _ hp„Qhu lp¡e, k`_p„ dl¡L$ hfkphhu, Ap gudX$p_p„ L$pd. R>p„eX$p¡ Ap`hp¡
_ Sp¡hp„ lp¡e Ðepf¡ A¡ qX$TpB_p¡ fQphp-bv$gphp_p L¡$ `h_T`pV$p„_¡ Tugu g¡hp„ A¡ sp¡ A¡_p lp¡hp_u
L¡$rgX$p¡õL$p¡` _ufMhp_u dSp Aphsu lsu. Mfy„ L$lz„ ApX$Akfp¡. A¡ b^p h©nfpSp¡. A¡ d¡v$p_dp„ sp¡
sp¡ A¡ dSpAp¡ Sp¡hpdp„ S> l]QL¡$ b¡ku Sp¡e¡gp„ k`_p„ b^p S> gudX$p hQ®õh cp¡Nhsp lsp. A¡d_u
kpQp `pX$hp_u dl¡_s L$fhp_y„ QyL$pC Ney„ ! R>¡ _¡ rhipm rhõsf¡gu X$pmuAp¡_p„ Ty„X$ hp„v$fp„Ap¡_y„ râe
dSp ! ¾$uX$põ\p_... QuLy$, kfNhp¡, g]by, ``¥ep„, bv$pd_p„
TpX$ `f rdS>bp_uAp¡ \pe A_¡ gudX$p `f r`L$r_L,
riepmpdp„ gudX$p_p„ `p_ Mfu `X¡$, X$pmuAp¡ V$p¡m¡V$p¡mp„ Aph¡. _p_p„dp¡V$p„ hp„v$fp„. hp_fdpspAp¡
MpguMd \C Spe Ðepf¡ d¡v$p__u Apk`pk_p bÃQp„_¡ Nm¡-R>psuA¡ hmNpX$u_¡ gp„bp L|$v$L$p dpf¡.
b„NgpAp¡_p D`f_p dpm v¡$Mpe. Apk`pk_p A¡ bÃQp„e A¡hp dS>b|s fus¡ hNm¡gp„ lp¡e L¡$ A¡L¡$e hpf,
gNcN b^p S> b„NgpAp¡ b¡ dpm_p lsp. `Z A¡L¡$e bÃQy„ kfL$u_¡ _uQ¡ _ `X¡$. Äepf¡ hp_fV$p¡mu
D`f_p dpm Sp¡hp dm¡ `p_Mf V$pZ¡ gudXp_u Mpgu r`L$r_L$ L$fhp Aph¡ Ðepf¡ dp_hp¡ dpV¡$ L$ç`pDÞX$
\e¡gu X$pmuAp¡_u Apf`pf. A¡ `R>u _hp„ `p_ Aph¡. L$fãey. kdS>v$pf gp¡L$p¡ Ðep„ _ Spe. R>sp„e Sp¡ Spe
`l¡gp„ _p_L$X$p„, O¡fp gpg f„N_p„, `R>u A¡ gugp„ sp¡ `p„v$X$p„_p¡ Arcj¡L$ \pe _¡ ¼epf¡L$ buSp âL$pf_p
\pe. X$pmuAp¡ \p¡X$u h^pf¡ rhõsf¡, dpm v¡$Mpsp b„^ O_âhplu `v$p\p£_p¡ `Z. gudX$p `f\u ANpkudp„
\pe. `p_ Aph¡ `R>u Aph¡ çlp¡f. Y$msu kp„S>_p¡ d„v$ c|kL$p dpfhp_u A¡d_u fds Adpfp fl¡W$pZ_u
d„v$ `h_ A¡ çlp¡f_u dl¡L$\u ApMp d¡v$p__¡ cfu v¡$, _bmu R>s_¡ h^pf¡ _bmu b_ph¡. Aphs¡ Qp¡dpk¡
b„NgpAp¡_¡ L$fu v¡$ sf-b-sf. `R>u g]bp¡muAp¡. \p¡Xy„$ h^pf¡ `pZu Ofdp„ `X$i¡, buSy>„ iy„ ?
gugu g]bp¡muAp¡ X$pm `f T|gsu v¡$Mpe A_¡ \p¡X$p

61

hp„v$fp dpV¡$ gudX$p¡ L|$v$hp-T|ghp_y„ õ\p_ sp¡ _\u L$pm `Z Spe R>¡ A_¡ Ap`Z¡ `Z L$pm_p A¡
L$pNX$p dpV¡$ A¡ dpmp b_phhp_y„ W¡$L$pÏ„. L$pNX$p dpmp M„X$dp„\u S>sp S> fluA¡ R>uA¡, _hp L$pmM„X$dp„ _hy„
bp„^¡ A_¡ IX$p„ d|L¡$. L$p¡eg `Z R>p_udp_u Aphu_¡ Sp¡hp, _hy„ Æhhp, _hy„ dpZhp, _hy„ dlpghp, _hy„
`p¡sp_p„ IX$p„ d|L$u Spe. D_pmp_u hl¡gu khpf¡ lÆ Æfhhp.
fps_u W„$X$L$ Ap¡kfu _ lp¡e A_¡ k|e®qL$fZp¡ "AphuA¡
R>uA¡, AphuA¡ R>uA¡' A¡hp¡ AZkpf dpÓ Ap`sp hjp£ huÐep„. cpX$p_y„ Of lsy„. R>p¡X$hp_y„ \ey„ sp¡
lp¡e A¡ kde¡ L$p¡egp¡ L|$EEEE L$fsu Np¡W$X$u dp„X¡$. R>p¡X$u v$u^y„. gudX$p¡ õdfZdp„ kp\¡ flu Nep¡.
Apd sp¡ A¡ v|$f b¡W¡$ L$pNX$p_p dpmpdp„ fl¡gp„ `p¡sp_p„
_hSps bÃQp„_¡ "A¡ L$p¡eg R>¡, L$pNX$p¡ _\u' A¡ kÐe OZp„ hjp£ husu Nep„. gudX$p kp\¡ Npm¡gp¡ A¡
kdSphhp_p âepkp¡ S> lp¡e. `Z A¡_p DÑf- kde `pR>m _¡ `pR>m S>sp¡ Nep¡. epv$ `Z ¼epf¡L$ S>
ârsDÑf `fp¡Y$_u duW$u _]v$f dpZsu dp_hâSp_¡ Aphsp¡. Ðep„ A¡L$ hpf A¡ fl¡W$pZ_p A¡L$ S|>_p `X$p¡iu
A¡hp¡ L„$V$pmp¡ Ap`¡ ! "Ap L$p¡egp¡ ApV$gu hl¡gu iy„ L$pd dþep. L$üy„, "lh¡ sp¡ sdpfphpmp b„Ngpdp„ ãg¸V$p¡ \C
EW$su li¡ ? A_¡ `R>u AhpS> L$fu_¡ Ap`Zue KO Nep R>¡. kfk ãg¸V$p¡ R>¡. Sp¡hp Aphhy„ R>¡ ? AphSp¡,
bNpX¡$ R>¡.' gp¡, L$p¡C hl¡gy„ EW$u_¡ L$p¡C_¡ L$iy„ riMhpX¡$ gC S>Ci.'
A¡dp„ Ap`Z¡ iuv$_¡ L„$V$pmhy„ ? `f„sy dp_hõhcph_u
A¡ Mprkes R>¡. `p¡s¡ sp¡ L$iy„ iuMsp„ L„$V$pm¡ S>, k„h¡v$_iug dpfy„ d_ nrZL$ gpNZuhi \ey„
buSy>„ L$p¡C buSp L$p¡C_¡ L$iy„ riMhpX¡$ A¡dp„e lsy„. "Qpg A¡L$ hpf Sp¡C Aphy„ A¡ S>Áep.' Ðep„ S>
L„$V$pm¡. dp_hâSp_p¡ L„$V$pmp¡ L$p¡eg_¡ DX$pX$u d|L$hp_p byrÙA¡ epv$ L$fpìe„y. "`pRy>„ hpmu_¡ _ Sp¡Ci, `Ð\f
âeÐ_dp„ ìe¼s \pe `Z ¼ep h©nfpS>_u guguR>çd, \C S>hpe.' Ap rh^p__p¡ Nrc®s A\® S>¡ lp¡e s¡ `Z
O¡O|f OV$pdp„ L$p¡eg b¡W$u lp¡e ? A¡ v¡$Mpe sp¡ _¡ ?
kp„cþep L$fhy„ `X¡$ L|EEEE L|EEEE_y„ dpsp-
k„sp_p¡_„y eyNgNp_.

gudX$p_y„ \X$ rMkL$pg¡ uAp_¡ ¡ fdhp_ur_kfZu.
hNf AV$L¡$ _uQu X$pmuAp¡ ky^u QX$u Spe A_¡
X$pmuAp¡ `f kpsspmu fdsu v$p¡X¡$. L$pmu L$uX$uAp¡
`Z \X$ `f QX$hp Spe `Z NbX$u `X¡$. `X¡$ ApMX¡$
sp¡e QXsu fl¡,NbX¡$, hmu `pR>u QX¡$. kss rdr_V$p¡
ky^u kp^_p L$fsu fl¡... R>¡hV¡$ \p¡Xy„$ QX¡$ A_¡ `pR>u
hmu Spe. SpZ¡ `yfhpf L$fhy„ lp¡e L¡$, "Sy>Ap¡ lz„ QX$u
iLy„$ Ry>„ !' Av¹$cys gpNs„y lsy„ A¡ b^y„ qL$ip¡fphõ\p
A_¡ eyhp_u_p iê$Aps_p„ \p¡X$p„ hjp£dp„ A¡ _p_L$X$p
A¡L$dprmep b„Ngpdp„. gudX$p_p ApN°l`|Z® A[õsÐh
kp\¡ Æhhp_p„ hjp®¡ husu Nep„ Mpk Mbf S> _ `X$u,
cs©®lqf L$l¡ R>¡, "L$pgp¡ _ ep[Þs hed¡h epsp:'A¡hy„

62

A¡ hps epv$ Aphsp„ S> d_ AV$L$u Ney„. d¢ klS> `|R>u gudX$p R>¡. A¡hp S> T|gsp, T|dsp Apk`pk_u k©[óV$
gu^y„ "Ðep„ M|b b^p gudX$p lsp s¡ R>¡ ?' "_p f¡ _p `f SpZ¡ fpS> L$fsp lp¡e s¡d rhõsfsp gudX$p. Al]
L$p¡Z fl¡hp v¡$ ?' D`f_p dpm_¡ ApX¡$ _ Aph¡ ? A¡L$pv$ sp¡ L$p¡C L$p¡C _hp„Ly$fp¡ `Z ENu, rhL$kus _p_L$X$p„ h©np¡
S> füp¡ R>¡.' b_u Nep R>¡ ! A¡ h©np¡ `f `Z A¡ S> gugpAp¡, A¡ S>
fdsp¡, A¡ S> q¾$epL$gp`p¡ cS>hpsp fl¡ R>¡. Sp¡L¡$ âL$pi
sp¡ Mp¡hpC Nep¡ dpfp¡ A¡ gudX$p¡ A_¡ A¡_u kp\¡ A_¡ `h__u ApX$i b_sp A¡ h©nfpSp¡_¡ kp¡kpeV$u_p
T|gsp, T|dsp, lep®cep® buSp gudX$p `Z Nep. lz„ A¡ k„QpgL$p¡ v$f hj£ \p¡X$p \p¡X$p L$`phu _pM¡ R>¡. \p¡X$p
õ\m¡ S>hp_y„ V$pmy„ Ry>„. d_dp„ k„Of¡gp f„Ncep® rQÓ_¡ drl_pdp„ A¡ h©nfpSp¡ `pR>p rhõsfhp dp„X¡$ R>¡.
h¡frhM¡f L$fu v¡$ A¡hp ApOps_p c|Mfp f„Np¡ dpf¡ A¡_p
`f a¡gphp v¡$hp _\u. A¡ gudX$p L$`pC Nep L¡$ L$pmne SpZ¡ L$l¡sp lp¡e, "sd¡ L$lp¡ R>p¡ s¡d kde cg¡
`pçep... S>¡ lp¡e s¡. d¡v$p__p A¡ âlfuAp¡ lh¡ Ðep„ Spe Ad¡ sp¡ A¡d _l] S>hp_p. A¡L$ W¡$L$pZ¡ _l] sp¡
_\u. hs®dp_ S> hpõsh R>¡. õhuL$pfu gu^y„. R>sp„ buS>¡ W¡$L$pZ¡, A¡L$ TpX$ _l] sp¡ buSy>„ TpX$ b_u_¡ Ad¡
iu Mbf L¡$d dpfp¡ gudXp_p¡ kp\ lÆe A¡d S> R>¡. sp¡ fl¡hp_p, _ L$pgp¡ ep[Þs, _ hed¡h epsp.'
õdfZdp„ `Z A_¡ hpõshdp„ `Z. Adpfu Qpfdpmu
Bdpfsp¡_u rhipm kp¡kpeV$udp„ L$p¸d_ àgp¸V$_u d_¡ k„cmpe R>¡ AsusfpN_u A¡ S> kyd^yf
Qp¡sfa, ãg¸V$p¡_u Bdpfsp¡_u hÃQ¡_p fõspAp¡ `f `Z kyfphrgAp¡ _hu Aph©rÑAp¡, _hp„ Aphs®_p¡ kp\¡.

dpN®v$i®L$ õs„c

âõsys L©$rs_y„ AÝep`_ L$fphsp„ `l¡gp„ hs®dp__u `ep®hfZrhjeL$ kdõepAp¡, bv$gpsy„ F>syQ¾$,
hjp®_p¡ kdeNpmp¡, A¡ b^p„_u dp_hÆh_ `f \su sÐL$prg_ A_¡ v$uO®L$prg_ Akfp¡ rhi¡ QQp® L$fu iL$pe.
`ep®hfZ_p¡ úpk \hp_y„ âdyM L$pfZ h©nR>¡v$_ A_¡ s¡_p¡ fpdbpZ BgpS> h©npfp¡`Z R>¡. s¡ rhi¡ rhNshpf
QQp® L$fu h©np¡_¡ dp_h_u S>ê$f _\u, `f„sy dp_hÆh_ h©n hNf i¼e _\u s¡ cph rhÛp\}Ap¡dp„ ×Y$ L$fphu
iL$pe. h©n_p A¡L$ A¡L$ A„N-s¡_p `„Qp„N dp_h dpV¡$ `fd D`ep¡Nu R>¡. Aph_pfu `¡Y$u dpV¡$ dp_h k„`rÑ _l]
d|L¡$ sp¡ Qpgi¡, `Z h©np¡ hphhp M|b S>ê$fu R>¡ s¡ A„N¡ `Z hps L$fu iL$pe.

õhpÝepe

(A) 1. _uQ¡_p iåv$p¡ dpV¡$ L©$rsdp„ h`fpe¡gp iåv$p¡ gMp¡.

(1) `l¡f¡Nuf (2) tlX$p¡mp¡ (3) cpX|$s (4) gpQpf
(7) kuX$u (8) kygæe
(5) kdÏ„ (6) Aakp¡k

2. iåv$kd|l dpV¡$ A¡L$ iåv$ Ap`p¡.

(1) v$k hj®_p¡ kdeNpmp¡ - (2) L$pQ L¡$ ^psy hN¡f¡_u Qpf M|Zphpmu QL$su -

(3) Of_p D`gp cpNdp„ L$f¡gu Myëgu S>Np - (4) Ap¡fX$p L¡$ dL$p__p R>p`fp_p¡ A„v$f_p¡ cpN -

(5) rhrióV$ NyZ^d® -

63

3. _uQ¡_p iåv$p¡ dpV¡$ L©$rsdp„ h`fpe¡gp rhi¡jZ ip¡^p¡. (3) ---- g]bp¡mu (4) ----`h_
(1) ---- gudX$p¡ (2) ---- `p_

4. L$p¡óV$L$ `|Z® L$fp¡.
(1) L©$rsdp„ Aph¡gu rhfyÙp\}

iåv$_u Sp¡X$uAp¡

(2) L©$rsdp„ Aph¡gp Sp¡X$iåv$p¡

(Ap) 1. _uQ¡_p„ rh^p__p„ L$pfZ A_¡ `qfZpd S>Zphp¡.

rh^p_ L$pfZ `qfZpd

(1) b„Ngp_p dprgL¡$ R>s dS>b|s
_ b_phu

(2) hl¡gu khpf_u L$p¡eg_u Np¡W$X$u

2. L©$rs_¡ Ap^pf¡ gMp¡.

(1) dp_h õhcph_u Mprkes - (2) gudX$p_p„ L$pe® -

(3) b„Ngp kpd¡_u Myëgu S>Np dpV¡$ h`fpe¡gp„ iåv$p¡ - (4) gudX$p¡ lp¡hp_u ApX$Akfp¡ -

(5) Mfu `X¡$gu g]bp¡mu_u \su v$ip - (6) MX$L$u_¡ `p¡mdp„ fl¡sp gp¡L$p¡ -

(7) hp„v$fpAp¡_u rdS>bp_u_p õ\m

3. L$pfZ gMp¡.

(1) g¡rML$p Sp¡e¡gp„ k`_p„ kpQp„ `pX$hp_u dl¡_s L$fhp_y„ Q|L$u Nep„, L$pfZ L¡$ -

(2) g¡rML$p S|>_p Of_u S>ÁepA¡ S>hp_y„ V$pm¡ R>¡, L$pfZ L¡$ -

(3) kp¡kpeV$u_p k„QpgL$p¡ v$f hj£ h©n_¡ \p¡X$p„ L$`phu _pM¡ R>¡, L$pfZ L¡$ -

(4) hp_fV$p¡mu r`L$r_L$ L$fhp Aph¡ Ðepf¡ dp_hp¡ dpV¡$ L$ç`pDÞX$ L$fãey gpN¡, L$pfZ L¡$ -

4. ApL©$rs b„^ `|Z® L$fp¡. L©$rsdp„ Aph¡gp
(1)

awg h¡g fds am tkQ_ `Ùrs F>sy

(2) Ap Æhp¡ dpV¡$ gudX$p¡ lsp¡

¼pNX$p¡ rMkL$p¡gu hp„v$fp¡

64

(B) 1. kdpk_p¡ rhN°l L$fu âL$pf gMp¡.

(1) âh¡iÜpf (2) h©nfpS> (3) ^|mdpV$u (4) hjp®^pfp
(7) ¾$uX$põ\p_ (8) _hp„Ly$fp¡
(5) Qp¡dpky (6) f„NR>pep

2. ê$qY$âep¡N_p A\® gMp¡. (2) hps `X$su d|L$hu (3) h¡frhM¡f \C S>hy„ (4) Np¡W$X$u dp„X$hu
(1) hkhkp¡ L$fhp¡

3. L©$rsdp„ Aph¡gp iåv$eyÁd ip¡^u Sp¡X$u b_php¡.

4. k„r^ rhN°l L$fp¡. (2) _hp„Ly$f (3) qL$ip¡fphõ\p (4) kyfphrg
(1) âÐeyÑf

(C) 1. g¡rML$p cpX$hps sfuL¡$ fl¡sp„ lsp„ s¡ b„Ngp_y„ hZ®_ L$fp¡. 2. `p_Mf `R>u_p¡ gudX$p_p¡ Æh_¾$d hZ®hp¡.
3. g¡rML$pA¡ L$f¡gy„ Adv$phpv$_y„ hZ®_ sdpfp iåv$p¡dp„ gMp¡.
(D) 1. "h©n_p cp¡N¡ L$fpsp¡ rhL$pk' - hN®dp„ kd|l QQp® L$fp¡.
2. "cpfsue k„õL©$rsdp„ h©n_y„ dlÒh' - hN®dp„ sdpfp iåv$p¡dp„ fS|> L$fp¡.
(E) 1. gudX$p_p rhrh^ D`ep¡Np¡ rhi¡ âL$ë` s¥epf L$fp¡.
2. "h©n bQphp¡' S>¡hp„ Op¡jhp¼ep¡ s¥epf L$fu hN®dp„ Qp¢V$pX$p¡.

rhi¡j hp„Q_

r`sp...
r`sp A¡V$g¡ Of_p¡ hX$gp,¡ ks„ p`p¡ klu R>Ó ^f¡ A¡_¡ r`sp L$l¡hpe. Spl¡fdp„ S>¡ â¡d L$f¡ s¡ dp A_¡
Mp_Nudp„ S>¡ â¡d L$f¡ s¡ r`sp. ApM„ \u fX¡$ s¡ dp A_¡ As„ f\u fX¡$ s¡ r`sp, gpNZuAp¡\u _hX$ph_pf
dp... sp¡ dpN„ ZuAp¡ `|fu L$f_pf r`sp. Ap`Z_¡ k©[óV$ Ap`¡ s¡ dp `Z ×[óV$ Ap`¡ s¡ r`sp. r`s©â¡d_¡
hZh® hp sp¡ iåv$p¡ `Z Ap¡R>p `X¡$. rii_y p S>Þd kde¡ `¢X$p hl¢Qsp r`sp, A¡_p crhóe_u kgpdsu
dpV¡$ `ps¡ p_u S>ê$qfepsp¡ ApR¡ >u L$fu_¡ `Z bQs L$f¡ R>.¡ k„sp__¡ `p`p `Ngu L$fph¡ sp¡ ¼epf¡L$ `p¡sp_p
Mc¡ bk¡ pX$u afph¡ sp¡ hmu ¼epfL¡ $ `uW$ `f b¡kpX$u Op¡X¡khpfu L$fph.¡ àg¡N`°y \u `uAQ¡ .X$u. k^y u_p
ks„ p__p Aæepk dpV$¡ lksp dpA¢ ¡ `p¡sp_u Sps Oksp r`sp ks„ p__p Æh_ OX$sf A_¡ k„õL$pf
QZsfdp„ `Z dlÒh_u c|rdL$p bSph¡ R>¡.

AëgpDØu__p Æ__u S>¡d k„sp_p¡_u- `qfhpf_u BÃR>pAp¡ - S>ê$qfepsp¡ `|fu L$fu `p¡sp_u
L$s®ìer_óW$p Üpfp `fp¡n õhê$`¡ `p¡sp_p¡ â¡d Arcìe¼s L$fsp r`sp_¡ r`R>pZhpdp„ Ap`Z¡ ¼epf¡L$
`pR>p `X$uA¡ R>uA¡. Of_p, k„sp__p rlsdp„ ¼epf¡L$ L$X$L$ r_Z®e g¡sp r`sp Ap`Z_¡ fyn gpN¡ R>¡. `Z
r`sp fyn _l] `Z h©n R>¡. A¡_u R>pepdp„ b¡kuA¡ sp¡ S> iusmsp A_ychpe.

r`sp `pk¡\u k„sp__¡ `„Qpd©s kdp¡ àepf dm¡ R>¡. Ap `„Qpd©s A¡V$g¡ dpsp_u ddsp, r`sp_y„
hpÐkëe, v$pv$p-v$pv$u_p¡ â¡d, rinL$_p¡ õ_¡l A_¡ rdÓ_u dpep.

65

5. v$u`p drgL$ - L„$CS> Ai¼e _\u !$

âazg ipl

25 dpQ®, 1959_p fp¡S> kphfLy„$X$gpdp„ S>Þd¡gp âazg ipl `ÓL$pfÐh n¡Ó¡ L$pe®fs R>¡. s¡dZ¡ L$V$pf
g¡M_, _hgL$\p, qaëd, _pV$L$, h¡bqaëd, V$u.hu.kuqfeg, S>¡hp„ rhrh^ n¡Óp¡dp„ `p¡sp_u kS>®_pÐdL$sp_p
QdL$pfp `p\ep® R>¡. "×íed A×íed', "eyÙ L¡$kfu', "rTÞv$pqv$gu_p„ kf_pdp„', "A[Á_Sp' s¡d_u blzQrQ®s
L©$rsAp¡ R>¡. s¡d_¡ dlpfpóV²$ fpÄe NyS>fpsu kprlÐe AL$pv$du Üpfp fpd_pfpeZ `pW$L$ `yfõL$pf A¡_pes
L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ R>¡.

k|f L©$rs_p¡

âõsys dygpL$psdp„ "AX$N d__p dykpaf_¡ rldpge `Z _X$sp¡ _\u' s¡ `„[¼s Qqfsp\® \C R>¡. ku^p
âhpldp„ hl¡sp Æh_dp„ AQp_L$ h„V$p¡m kSp®ep. ipfuqfL$ fus¡ v$u`pbl¡_ A¡V$gp And bÞep„ L¡$ `p¡sp_u
fp¡tS>v$u r_Ðeq¾$epAp¡ `Z Sps¡ _p L$fu iL¡$. Aphu `qf[õ\rsdp„ gp¡L$p¡_u Ap„Mp¡dp„ v¡$Mpsu v$ep, `p¡sp_p
sfa Sp¡hp_p¡ gp¡L$p¡_p¡ ×[óV$L$p¡Z v$u`pbl¡__¡ d„S|>f _lp¡sp¡. A¡dZ¡ gp¡L$p¡_u dp_rkL$sp_p¡ S>X$bpsp¡X$ S>hpb
bp¡gu_¡ Ap`hp_¡ bv$g¡ L„$CL$ L$fu_¡ Ap`hp_y„ _½$u L$e¯y. S>¡-S>¡ n¡Ó¡ gp¡L$p¡A¡ v$u`pbl¡__¡ Akd\® NZpìep„ s¡
b^p„ S> L$pdp¡ v$u`pbl¡_¡ khpC kamsp`|h®L$ L$fu bspìep„. `R>u A¡ `p¡suL$p„Ap¡ `f Apr\®L$ bp¡S> b_hp_u
hps lp¡e L¡$ `p¡sp_p„ S> bpmL$p¡_¡ MhX$phhp - cZphhp dpV¡$_u Akd\®sp_u hps lp¡e. b^p„_p¡ S>hpb
Apàep¡. s¡d_u tlds, ×Y$ d_p¡bm A_¡ BÃR>pi[¼s\u ^ud¡^ud¡ _hu _hu fpl Mygsu NC, rnrsSp¡ rhõsfsu
NC. s¡d_¡ khp£ÃQ M¡gfÐ_ `yfõL$pf s\p ASy>®_ A¸hp¡X®$\u _hpS>hpdp„ Apìep. kp\¡ s¡Ap¡ kdpS>k¡hp A_¡
qv$ìep„N dpV¡$_p„ L$pep£ `Z L$fsp„ füp„.

v$u`p drgL$ dpÓ _pd _\u, Æhs„ âf¡ Zp R>¡. Ap b^p_u bfpbfu L$p¡C buSp `Z L$v$pQ L$f¡ `Z
L$fpr¡ mep_¡ `Z dp\y„ _dphhy„ `X¡$ A¡hp¡ Aârsd s¡d_p¡ `yfjy p\,® Sy>õkp¡, gX$peL$h©rÑ A_¡ rlçds dpV¡$
`fy yjp\® R>.¡ õhud]N(sfZ), S>h¡ r¡ g_(cpgpaL¢ $), rhi¡jZp¡ hp`fuA¡ A¡V$gp„ ApR¡ >p„ `X$¡.
ip¡V$`Vy $(hS>_v$pfNpm¡ pa¢L$)A_¡ qX$õL$k¹Bh¡ÞV$(^ps_y u
Npm¡ QL$su L¡$ fL$pbu aL¢ $)dp„ 23 Aps„ ffpóV²$ue dX¡ $g v$u`p drgL$ kp\¡ Mpk hpsQus iê$ L$fsp„
A_¡ 68 fpóV$²ue A_¡ fpÄe õsfue dX¡ $g s¡Ap¡ ÆÐep„ ANpD A¡d_p rhi¡ `pep_u dprlsu SpZhu `X¡$.
R>¡. Ap rkrÙ_„y dlÒh Mb| Av$L¡$f„y R>¡ L$pfZ L$¡ ifuf_p¡ 1970_u 30du kàV¡$çbf¡ lqfepZp_p c¥khpg Npd¡
R>psu _uQ_¡ p¡ cpN r_[ó¾$e lph¡ p R>sp„ sd¡ Z¡ ApV$gp„ S>Þd. r`sp bu. L¡$. _pN`pg A_¡ `rs rh¾$dtkl
b^p„ Ähgs„ `fp¾$d L$fu bspìep„ R>¡. fdsNds nÓ¡ ¡ bÞ_¡ gíL$fdp„ L$_®g. lpg qv$ëlu _ÆL$_p NyX$Np„hdp„
A`ps„y fpóV²$_„y khp£ÃQ kÞdp_ M¡gfÐ_ s\p 42 hj£ `rs A_¡ b¡ v$uL$fuAp¡ kp\¡ fl¡sp„ Ap _pfufÐ_ kp\¡
kp¥\u dp¡V$u Jdf¡ AS>y _® Ah¸ p¡X$® d¡mh_pfp„ v$u`pbl_¡ _¡ V¡$rgap¡_ `f \e¡gu krhõspf khpg-S>hpb_u
_pd¡ A_¡L$rh^ rkrÙ, fL¡ $p¡X$® A_¡ âi[õs`Óp¡ R>.¡ Ap`-g¡_p dlÒh_p A„i Ap dyS>b R>¡ -

66

""v$u`pbl¡_, kp¥ â\d sp¡ A_Þe rkrÙ A_¡ A¡L$ ìehõ\p lsu. MQp®m kpQhZ lsu. "lL$uL$s
kplk bv$g Arc_„v$_, Ap BÞV$fìey rhÛp\}Ap¡ dpV¡$ d¢ bp¡gy„ sp¡ gp¡Np¡ L$u kp¡Q A`„N \u.' A¡d_p rhQpf
R>¡ A¡ S>Zphsp„ d_¡ Ap_„v$ \pe R>¡...'' dSy >b l„z L$„C L$fu _ iL$„y. A¡ sb½$p-¡ [õ\rs AÐes„
r_fpipS>_L$, lspip D`Sph_pfp lsp.''
""Apcpf Ap`_p¡. rhÛp\}Ap¡ dpV¡$ hps
L$fhp_u d_¡ rhi¡j Myiu R>¡. sd¡ _rl dp_p¡ `Z R>Ì$p ""Apdp„\u blpf _uL$mhp Ap`¡ iy„ L$e¯y ? ''
^p¡fZdp„ _pqv$ep L$p¸d¡Þku rhi¡_p¡ `pW$ hp„Qu_¡ d_¡
fdsNdsdp„ kq¾$e \hp_u â¡fZp dmu lsu. Ðepf ""kpQy„ L$lz„ sp¡ lz„ d|„Tpsu lsu, M|b Ny„Nmpsu
bpv$ lz„ l¡g_ L¡$gf, d¡X$d ¼eyfu A_¡ fpZu gÿdubpC lsu. A¡L$ qv$hk d¢ r_Z®e L$fu gu^p¡ L¡$ dpf¡ gp¡L$p¡_p¡
rhi¡_p `pW$ cZu, S>¡ ApS>¡e d_ `f A„qL$s R>¡. Ap ×[óV$L$p¡Z bv$ghp¡ `X$i¡. A¡d_p d_dp„ b¡ hps
bpm`Z_p„ L$p¡dm d_ `f `X¡$gu R>p` AduV$ lp¡e S>X$ \C NC lsu. A¡L$, bpmL$p¡_¡ S>dpX$u _rl iLy„$.
R>¡. Jdf_p¡ A¡ sb½$p¡ Apkp_u\u b^„y iuMhp, b¡, Apr\®L$ bp¡S> b_u_¡ flu S>Ci. kp¥\u `l¡gp„
õhuL$pfhp_p¡ sb½$p¡ lp¡e R>¡.'' d¢ Adpfp apd®lpDk_u bpSy>dp„ _p_L$X$u lp¡V$g iê$
L$fu. A¡ 2003_p¡ kde. lp¡V¡$g sp¡ _ L$lu iL$pe, `Z
""Ap`¡ d¡mh¡gp Q„ÖL$ A_¡ A¸hp¡X®$_u epv$u _p_p„-_p_p„ azX$ `¡L¡$V$ b_phu_¡ Of¡-Of¡ dp¡L$ghp_u
OZu âi„k_ue R>¡, gp„bu R>¡. `f„sy iy„ Ap`¡ ¼epf¡e ìehõ\p iê$ L$fu. ^uf¡-^uf¡ A¡L$, b¡, Qpf V¡$bg-
Æh_dp„ lspip L¡$ r_fpip A_ychu Mfu ?'' Myfiu d|L$pìep. Ap L$pd kfk Qpëey„. A¡L$ kde¡ sp¡
lz„ dpfp `rs_p `¡Þi_\u `Z h^y L$dphp dp„X$u lsu.
""lp, 1999dp„ d_¡ L$fp¡X$fÄSy>> `f Np„W$ lp¡hp_y„ Apdp„ Apr\®L$ `Ncf \hp kp\¡ `p¡sp_p„ bpmL$p¡_¡ sp¡
r_v$p_ \ey„ lsy„. ÓZ iõÓq¾$ep \C. 183 V$p„L$p Apìep„.
R>psu\u _uQ¡_p cpNdp„ gL$hp¡ \C Nep¡. lg_Qg_
Ai¼e b_u Ney„. lz„ ìlugQ¡f `f L¡$v$ \C NC. dpfp„
kpkqfep„ b^p„A¡ dp_u gu^„y L¡$ v$u`p lh¡ ê$ddp„\u blpf
_rl _uL$m¡. huk hj® ANpD ApS>_p S>¡hu ìlugQ¡f_u
ìehõ\p _lp¡su. Apd} lp¡[õ`V$gdp„ kS>®fu `R>u lz„
Adpfp Aldv$_Nf _ÆL$_p apd® lpDkdp„ Aphu.
Ðep„ A¡L$ ê$ddp„ lz„ A_¡ A¡L$ _k®. A¡ dpfu vy$r_ep. d_¡
\ey„ L¡$ iy„ Apd S> dpfu tS>v$Nu `|fu \C S>i¡ ? d_¡
fdhy„, âhpk L$fhp¡, gp¡L$p¡_¡ dmhy„ M|b Nd¡. `Z lh¡
A¡ i¼e _lp¡sy„. ìehõ\p, k„cpm A_¡ kpfhpf b^y„
lsy„ `Z d_¡ A¡ kp¡_p_y„ t`S>fy„ gpNsy„ lsy„. AL$õdps
bpv$ dpfy„ Ýep_ fpMhp `rsA¡ `Z _p¡L$fu R>p¡X$u v$u^u
lsu. kpQy„ L$lz„ sp¡ qv$ìep„Nsp âÐe¡_p¡ Ap ArcNd
d_¡ _p`k„v$ lsp¡. lz„ ìlugQ¡fN°õs NZpsu. A¡L$ S>
il¡f, A¡L$ ê$ddp„ S> fl¡hp_y„. lz„ `p¡sp_u d¡m¡ dm-d|Ó
rhkS>®_ L$fhp `Z knd _lp¡su. dpfy„ Æh_ SpZ¡

67

W$uL$, AÞep¡_¡ S>dpX$hp_y„ i¼e L$fu bspìey„.'' qv$ëludp„ A¡L$ cpC ìe[¼sNs ArcfyrQ âdpZ¡_u
rhrióV$ dp¡V$fkpCL$g b_phu Ap`¡.
""Ddv$p rhQpf A_¡ A¡_u Ýe¡e`|rs® OÏ„
iuMhu Spe R>¡...'' A¡dp„ dyíL¡$gu A¡ lsu L¡$ dpfu `uW$-Mcp _bmp„
lsp„, S>¡ dp¡V$f kpCL$g_p¡ cpf hl_ _ L$fu iL¡$. Apd¡e
""d_¡ h^y A¡L$ hps iuMhp dmu. dpf¡ Ðep„ bpm`Zdp„ Np„W$_¡ gu^¡ 1977dp„ dpfu `l¡gu kS>®fu
eyhp_ gíL$fu S>hp_p¡ Mphp Aph¡. A¡d_u `pk¡\u \C lsu. `yZ¡_u lp¡[õ`V$gdp„ iõÓq¾$ep bpv$ ÓZ hj®
d_¡ L$p¡çàeyV$f A_¡ NyNg rhi¡ Mbf `X$u. cZ¡gu sp¡ ky^u lz„ qv$ìep„N sfuL¡$ flu NC lsu, Ðepf¡ d_dp„ X$f
lsu A¡V$g¡ r_s_hy„ ip¡^hp - SpZhp dp„X$u. ApS>¡e b¡ku Nep¡ lsp¡ L¡$ Nd¡ Ðepf¡ afu Np„W$ \i¡. A_¡ A¡
Nyfy`|rZ®dpA¡ dpfp Ap eyhp_ NyfyAp¡_¡ h„v$_ L$fy„ Ry>„. kde¡ afu\u dpfy„ Ap¡`f¡i_ i¼e _lp¡sy„ L$pfZ L¡$ `uW$
Ap âp¡S>¡¼V$dp„ ASpZsp„ S> lz„ kdpS>k¡hp L$fhp OZu L$`pC QyL$u lsu.''
dp„X$u. dpfu lp¡V¡$gdp„ qX$rghfu dpV¡$ kp„S>¡ eyhp_p¡_u
S>ê$f `X¡$. `Z _p¡L$fu Ap`hp dpV¡$ d¡„ ifs fpMu L¡$ ""ApV$gu b^u ipfuqfL$ dyíL$¡gu hÃQ¡ sp¡
sdpf¡ qv$hk¡ cZhp_y„, dp¡bpCg qf`¡qf„N iuMhp_y„, fdsNds_p¡ ip¡M h^y dyíL¡$g bÞep¡ li¡ _¡ !''
L$p¡çàeyV$f iuMhp_y„, L$pf Qgphsp„ iuMhp_y„ L¡$ AÞe
L$pdp¡ iuMhp_p„. A¡_p¡ MQ® lz„ Ap`ui.ApV$gy„ L$f¡ A¡_¡ ""Mcp _bmp lph¡ p\u dpV¡ $fkpCL$g Qgphhp_„y
S> _p¡L$fuA¡ fpMy„. `p„Q¡L$ hj®dp„ lz„ 80 S>¡V$gp„ bpmL$p¡_y„ i¼e _lps¡ .„y Ap_p DL$¡g dpV$¡ 2005dp„ l„z qv$ëlu NC,
`y_: hk_ L$fu iL$u. ApS>¡ b^p gpCadp„ k¡V$ R>¡. L$p¡CL$ R> drl_p_p¡ qfäi¡ f L$pk¡ ® L$ep.£ A¡ kde¡ lpBX$²p¡ \f¡ `¡ udp„
`pk¡ sp¡ båb¡ NpX$u R>¡. A¡L$ kde¡ OZp„_¡ i„L$p lsu hpV¡ $f A¼¡ kfkpCT iê$ L$fphu. d_¡ Ap_v„ $ \ep¡ L$¡ l„z
L¡$ lz„ dpfp„ bpmL$p¡_p cZsf_y„ Ýep_ _rl fpMu iLy„$ _\u `pZudp„ X$|bsu L$¡ _\u X$fsu. Aldv$_Nf `pR>p
`Z d¢ AÞe_p„ 80 bpmL$p¡_¡ cZphu bspìep„, lz„ Ap afu_¡ l„z Apd} õhud]N `gy dp„ â[¡ ¼V$k L$fhp dpX„ $u. A¡
bpmL$p¡_¡, s¡d_p `qfhpfS>_p¡_¡ dv$v$ L$fhp dp„X$u.'' hMs¡ b^p_„ ¡ Ad¡ L$¡ l„z L$„C L$fu _rl iL$„y. kp¥ d_¡ L$ls¡ p„
- qL$s_u gL$u l,¥ kpk-kkfy _¡ fMp l,¥ `rs_¡ R>pX¡ $p
""Ap Apr\®L$ õhphg„b_ A_¡ kdpS>k¡hp _rl. `fs„ y Ap b^p_„ u `fhp L$ep® hNf l„z sfhp S>hp
hÃQ¡ fdsNds cZu L¡$hu fus¡ hþep„ ?'' dpX„ $u. Ap SpC¡ _¡ Ðep_„ p rhgpk v$p_¥ ¡ _pd_p cpCA¡
kQ| _ L$ey¯ L$¡ dpf¡ sfZ õ`^pd® p„ cpN gh¡ p¡ SpC¡ A.¡
""dpfp Ap L$pdL$pS> bv$g d_¡ ApÐdr_c®fsp d¢ Of¡ hps L$fu sp¡ b^p_„ ¡ Apòe® \e.„y As„ ¡ l„z dpfu
A¸hp¡X®$ dþep¡. A¡ kde¡ OZp„A¡ A¡ bv$g V$uL$p L$fu L¡$ lpV¡ $¡g_p AL¡ $ R>pL¡ $fp_¡ gC_¡ qv$ëlu NC. Ðepf¡ 36 hj_® u
lp¡V¡$gdp„ L$pdL$pS> sp¡ `rs A_¡ kkfp L$f¡, A_¡ Ap bl¡_ Jdf¡ d¢ fpóV$²ue õ`^pd® p„ ÓZ Npë¡ X$ dX¡ $¡g dm¡ ìep.
Aphu Nep„ A¸hp¡X®$ g¡hp„. lL$uL$sdp„ `rsv¡$h lp¡V¡$gdp„ kp\pk¡ p\ Aps„ ffpóV$²ue ChÞ¡ V$ dpV$¡ `kv„ $ \C. 2006dp„
`N `Z d|L$sp _lp¡sp. A¡V$g¡ d¢ Sp¡idp„ Aphu _½$u L$yApgpgç`fy NC A_¡ Ðep„ AL¡ $ BÞV$f_i¡ _g AÕ¡ gV¡ $_p¡
L$e¯y L¡$ dpfp ifuf\u \C iL¡$ A_¡ gp¡L$p¡ Sp¡C iL¡$ A¡hy„ S>Þd \ep.¡ dpfp¡ buSp¡ _b„ f Apìep.¡ ''
L$pd L$fhy„ R>¡. A¡V$g¡ d¢ dp¡V$fkpCL$g Qgphhp_y„ iê$
L$e¯y. Apd¡e d_¡ dp¡V$fkpCL$g Qgphhp_p¡ M|b ip¡M. ""hpl A¡V$g¡ õhud]Ndp„ Spdu `Xép„ A¡d _¡?''
`f„sy A¡ kde¡ drlgpAp¡ Ap hpl_ Qgphsu _lp¡su.
d¢ `p¡sp_¡ aph¡ A¡hu dp¡V$fkpCL$g b_phX$phhp dpV¡$ ""A¡ kde¡ _hp¡ V$huõV$ Apìep¡ gpBadp„. d¢
ap„ap„ dpep¯. qv$ëlu NC, dy„bC NC `Z d¡m _ Mp^p¡. B[ÞX$ep_p¡ V²¡$L$kyV$ `l¡fu_¡ BÞV$f_¡i_g d¡X$g kp\¡
dp¡V$fkpCL$g_u BÃR>p L$fu sp¡ A¡ Apkp_u\u dmu

68

NC. A¡ Qgphsu hMs¡ Mbf `X$u L¡$ dpÓ lp\\u L$pf `pZu_p õhud]N `yg gphhp ¼ep„\u ? d_¡ sfhpdp„
Qgphu iL$pe A¡hy„ N¡S>¡V$ Apìey„ R>¡. lz„ NpX$u Qgphhp S>fpe hp„^p¡ _\u L¡$ sL$gua `X$su _\u A¡ kprbs
dp„X$u sp¡ gpekÞk_u S>ê$f `X$u. `f„sy L¡$d¡e L$fu_¡ Apf. L$fhp d¢ 2008dp„ edy_p _v$u `pf L$fu_¡ rhïhrh¾$d
V$u.Ap¡. hpmp gpekÞk Ap`hp s¥epf _ \ep. lz„ _h fÃep¡. Apdp„ kpdp âhpl¡ lz„ A¡L$ qL$.rd. sfu lsu.''
drl_p ky^u gX$u A_¡ A„s¡ dlpfpóV²$dp„ L$pf gpekÞk
d¡mh_pfu `l¡gu qv$ìep„N b_u. `R>u d¢ rldpgedp„ ""hpl hpl - Ap` qv$ìep„N M¡gpX$uAp¡_p
L$pf Qgphhp dpV¡$_p kp¥\u vy$N®d fõsp `f ep¡Spsu gpcp\£ kq¾$e \ep A¡ L$C fus¡ bÞe„y ?''
"f¡CX$ ^ rldpgep'dp„ cpN gu^p¡. g¡l-gv¹$pMdp„ 18
lSpf awV$_u KQpCA¡ kb rTfp¡ V¡$ç`f¡Qfdp„ 1700 ""fpóV²$ue - Ap„sffpóV²$ue _pd_p `R>u d_¡
qL$.du. NpX$u Qgphu lsu. A¡dp„ ANpD L$p¡C qv$ìep„N qv$ìep„Np¡ dpV¡$ M¡g_urs kdSphp dp„X$u. buSp v¡$idp„
`yfyj L¡$ õÓuA¡ cpN gu^p¡ _lp¡sp¡. lz„ kh®â\d b_u.'' L¡$hu kNhX$ lp¡e R>¡, A¡ SpZsu \C lz„. d¢ A¡ A„N¡
QQp® iê$ L$fu, dp„NZu d|L$u A¡V$g¡ õ`p¡V®$ `p¡guku
""Ap b^pdp„ edy_p _v$u `pf L$fhp_p¡ rh¾$d OX$hpdp„ d_¡ kpd¡g L$fpC.''
L$¡hu fus¡ fQpep¡ ?''
""Ap`Z¡ M¡gL|v$ âÐe¡ Ap¡R>p¡ DdmL$p¡ L¡$d
""õhud]N õ`^p®dp„ cpN g¡su hMs¡ d_¡ A¡L$ ^fphuA¡ R>uA¡ A_¡ Mpk sp¡ R>p¡L$fuAp¡ A_¡ qv$ìep„Np¡_¡
lL$uL$s kdSpC L¡$ W„$X$udp„ dpfy„ ifuf bfpbf L$pd âp¡Ðkpl_ dpV¡$ iy„ S>ê$fu R>¡ ?''
Ap`sy„ _\u. cpfsdp„ riepmp¡ lp¡e L¡$ eyfp¡`dp„ õ`^p®
lp¡e. W„$X$p lhpdp_dp„ Ap`Zp¡ NS> _ hpN¡. lh¡ Nfd ""M¡gL|$v$_¡ L$pfqL$v$} b_phhpdp„ ANpD
Akgpdsu blz lsu. spgud dpV¡$ kde A_¡ `¥kp
Sp¡CA¡. A¡dp„ kamsp _ dm¡ A_¡ cZsf `f `Z
Akf \pe sp¡ b„_¡ bNX¡$ A¡hy„ gp¡L$p¡ dp_sp. MQp®
kpd¡ qfV$_® Ap¡Ry>„ lp¡hp_u gpNZu lsu. lh¡ b^y„
bv$gpC füy„ R>¡. õ`p¡V®$k dpV¡$ õL$p¡gfiu` R>¡. h^pfp_p
dp¼k® R>¡. ¼hp¡V$p R>¡. õ`p¡V®$k ky`f `phf b_hp_p
v¡$i_¡e apev$p R>¡. Sp¡ L¡$ dpfu `pk¡ _lp¡sp `N L¡$ _lp¡sp
A_ykfhp dpV¡$ `v$rQl¹_. b^„y `p¡s¡ S> Ecy„ L$fhy„
`Xéy„. M¡f, S>hp v$p¡ ApS>¡ R>p¡L$fuAp¡ `Z õ`p¡V®$k¹dp„
kq¾$e \C flu R>¡. TmL$u flu R>¡. Adpfp lqfepZpdp„
sp¡ NpdX$p_p„ R>p¡L$fp-R>p¡L$fu M¡gL|$v$dp„ _pd fp¡i_ L$f¡
R>¡. ApS>_p eyhp_p¡ dpV¡$ lz„ \p¡Xy„$ L$lui. kamsp_p¡
L$p¡C ip¡V®$L$V$ _\u. ^Ni A_¡ riõs fpMp¡. qv$g Qpl¡
A¡ L$fp¡. A¡dp„ Myiu dmi¡. iuMp¡, kv¥$h iuMsp flp¡.
iuMhp dpV¡$ L$p¡C Jdf dp¡V$u _\u. lz„ ApS>¡e iuMy„ Ry>„.
iuMpe A¡V$gy„ iuMp¡. `|fu r_óW$p fpMp¡ sp¡ L„$C S>
Ak„ch _\u.''

V|„$L$dp„, v$u`pbl¡_ A¡V$g¡ "_\]N BT Bç`p¡rkbg.'

69

dpN®v$i®L$ õs„c

âõsys L©$rs_„y AÝep`_ L$fphsp„ `l¡gp„ rhÛp\}Ap¡_¡ "dygpL$ps'_p õhê$` rhi¡ dprlsu Ap`u iL$pe.
ìe[¼s rhi¡j_u dygpL$ps `l¡gp„ iy„ `|h®s¥epfu L$fhp_u lp¡e A_¡ dygpL$ps v$frdep_ iy„ sL¡$v$pfu fpMhp_u lp¡e
s¡ hps L$fu iL$pe. Al] rhÛp\}Ap¡_¡ Aê$rZdptkl, r_L$hp¸e QuL$ A_¡ A¡hp S> buSp qv$ìep„N dlp_ychp¡ L¡$
S>¡dZ¡ ipfuqfL$ dep®v$pAp¡_¡ AhNZu_¡ `Z A¡hu rkrÙAp¡ d¡mhu R>¡, S>¡ k„`|Z® fus¡ ipfuqfL$ knd gp¡L$p¡ `Z
_ d¡mhu iL¡$, s¡d_p„ ×óV$p„s Ap`u iL$pe. "Äep„ Qpl R>¡, Ðep„ fpl R>¡'_p cph rhÛp\}Ap¡dp„ ×Y$ L$fu iL$pe.
Æh_dp„ Aph_pfu L$p¡C `Z rh`fus kdõepAp¡_p¡ rl„ds`|h®L$ kpd_p¡ L$fu s¡dp„ `Z Tmlmsu kamsp
d¡mhhp_p¡ k„v¡$i Ap`u iL$pe.

õhpÝepe

(A) 1. _uQ¡_p iåv$p¡ dpV¡$ L©$rsdp„ h`fpe¡gp iåv$p¡ gMp¡.

(1) lp¢i (2) ASp¡X$ (3) `npOps (4) dl¡_s
(7) âp¡Ðkpl_ (8) DÐkpl
(5) k„cpm (6) õhpîe

2. iåv$kd|l dpV¡$ A¡L$ iåv$ Ap`p¡.

(1) r_edbÙ hs®_ - (2) dyíL¡$gu\u S>C iL$pe s¡hy„ -

(3) `iy-`nu_¡ `|fu fpMhp b_ph¡gy„ krmep_y„ Of - (4) v$v$}_u v$hpv$pê$ kp\¡_u dphS>s -

3. _uQ¡_p iåv$p¡ dpV¡$ L©$rsdp„ h`fpe¡gp rhi¡jZ ip¡^p¡. (3) ---- hpsQus (4) --- d_
(1) ---- `fp¾$d (2) ---- rhQpf (7) ---- kpQhZ (8) ---`pZu
(5) ----kÞdp_ (6) ---- fõsp

4. _d|_p dyS>b gMp¡ : kq¾$e - r_[ó¾$e

(1) Apip (2) knd (3) õhphg„b_ (4) kNhX$

(Ap) 1. A„L$dp„ S>hpb gMp¡.

(1) v$u`pbl¡_¡ d¡mh¡gp Ap„sffpóV²$ue d¡X$g -

(2) v$u`pbl¡_¡ d¡mh¡gp fpóV²$ue, fpÄeõsfue d¡X$g -

(3) L$fp¡X$fÄSy>> `f \e¡gu iõÓq¾$ep -

(4) sfZ õ`^p®dp„ v$u`pbl¡_¡ ÓZ d¡X$g ÆÐep Ðepf_u s¡d_u Jdf -

(5) gpekÞk d¡mhhp dpV¡$ gpN¡gp¡ kde -

(6) "f¡CX$ ^ rldpgep'dp„ v$u`p bl¡_¡ NpX$u Qgphu_¡ L$p`¡gy„ A„sf -

2. L©$rs_p Ap^pf¡ gMp¡. -
(1) fdsNds n¡Ó¡ A`psy„ khp£ÃQ fpóV²$ue kÞdp_ -
(2) õhphg„b_ dpV¡$ v$u`p drgL$_¡ dm¡g A¸hp¡X®$

70

(3) v$u`p drgL$_¡ sfZ õ`^p®dp„ cpN g¡hp_u kgpl Ap`_pf -
(4) dlpfpóV²$dp„ L$pf gpekÞk d¡mh_pf â\d qv$ìep„N -
(5) rldpge_p vy$N®d fõsp `f ep¡Spsu õ`^p® -
(6) v$u`p drgL$_p eyhp_ NyfyAp¡ -
(7) v$u`p drgL$_¡ d_ kp¡_p_y„ t`S>fy„ ls„y -
(8) lspipdp„\u blpf _uL$mhp v$u`p drgL¡$ L$f¡gu âh©rÑ -

3. L$p¡óV$L$ `|Z® L$fp¡.

v$u`p drgL$ fd¡ R>¡ s¡ fdsp¡
L©$rsdp„ hZ®h¡gp v$u`p drgL$_p NyZp¡

_p¡L$fu dpV¡$ v$u`p drgL¡$ fpM¡gu ifs
v$u`p drgL$ _p_`Zdp„ S>¡d_p rhi¡ `pW$ cÎep R>¡ s¡ õÓuAp¡
v$u`p drgL$_¡ Ndsu âh©rÑAp¡
v$u`p drgL$_¡ dm¡gp A¸hp¡X®$

4. _uQ¡_p„ hp¼ep¡_¡ OV$_p¾$d âdpZ¡ Np¡W$hp¡ :
(A) (1) R>psu\u _uQ¡_p cpNdp„ gL$hp¡ \C Nep¡.
(2) L$fp¡X$fÄSy>> `f Np„W$ \C.
(3) ÓZ iõÓq¾$ep \C.
(4) v$u`p drgL$ ìlugQ¡f `f L¡$v$ \C Nep„.
(Ap) (1) rhgpk v$p¥_¡ v$u`p drgL$_¡ sfZ õ`^p®dp„ cpN g¡hp L$üy„.
(2) v$u`p drgL$ fpóV²$ue õ`^p®dp„ ÓZ Np¡ëX$ d¡X$g ÆÐep„.
(3) sfZ_p¡ dlphfp¡ iê$ L$ep£.
(4) v$u`p drgL¡$ qfä¡if L$p¡k® L$ep£.

(B) 1. `pqfcprjL$ iåv$p¡ dpV¡$_p NyS>fpsu iåv$p¡ gMp¡.

(1) L¡$qfef (2) d¡X$g (3) Ch¡ÞV$ (4) `¡Þi_
(7) gpekÞk (8) f¡L$p¡X®$
(5) ⡼V$uk (6) N¡S>¡V$

2. ê$qY$âep¡N_p A\® gMp¡. (2) d¡m _ `X$hp¡ (3) NS> hpNhp¡ (4) Spdu `X$hy„
(1) ap„ap dpfhp„

3. Ag„L$pf Ap¡mMp¡ : (2) L$fp¡rmep_¡ `Z dõsL$ _dphhy„ `X¡$.
(1) dpfy„ Æh_ SpZ¡ A¡L$ ìehõ\p lsu. (4) fy`p_y„ dyM Q„Ö\u `Z h^y ky„v$f R>¡.
(3) A¡hp¡ Aârsd `yfyjp\® R>¡ A¡d_p¡.

71

4. kdpk_p¡ rhN°l L$fu âL$pf gMp¡ :

(1) L$pdL$pS> (2) kdpS>k¡hp (3) fdsNds (4) g¡lgv¹$pM

(C) 1. fdsNds n¡Ó¡ R>p¡L$fuAp¡ A_¡ qv$ìep„Np¡_¡ h^y âp¡Ðkpl_ Ap`hp dpV¡$ iy„ L$fu iL$pe s¡ gMp¡.
2. fdsNds n¡Ó¡ L$pfL$uqv®$ b_phhp BÃRy>L$ gp¡L$p¡_¡ Aphsp âï_p¡ rhi¡ gMp¡.

3. Ap`Zp v¡$idp„ q¾$L¡$V$ S>¡V$gu gp¡L$râesp A_¡ fds dpV¡$ dmsu kyrh^p buÆ fdsdp„ dmsu _\u - sdpfp¡ ds
ìe¼s L$fp¡.

(D) v$u`p drgL$ A_¡ A¡d_p S>¡hp S> buSp sd¡ SpZsp lp¡ s¡hp dep®v$p_¡ Ap¡m„Nu_¡ dlp_ b__pfp gp¡L$p¡_p Æh_ `f\u
dmsp¡ k„v¡$i sdpfp iåv$p¡dp„ hN®dp„ ìe¼s L$fp¡.

(E) _uQ¡_u ìe[¼sAp¡ rhi¡ BÞV$f_¡V `f\u dprlsu A¡L$W$u L$fu QpV®$ b_php¡.

1. bp¡çb ågpõV$dp„ b„_¡ lp\ Nydpìep R>sp„ `uA¡Q.X$u. L$f_pf - dpgrhL$p A¥epf.
2. cpfsue d|m_p¡ Ad¡qfL$_ _pNqfL$ - õ`i® ipl.
3. `¡fp b¡X$rdÞV$_ hëX®$ Q¡[ç`e_iu`dp„ Np¡ëX$ d¡X$g Æs_pf - dp_ku Sp¡iu.
4. ågpCÞX$ Sy>X$p¡ Q¡ç`ue_iu`dp„ L$p„õe `v$L$ d¡mh_pf - Sp_L$u.

A`qW$s NÛp„i

Ap`¡gp¡ NÛp„i hp„Qu s¡_u _uQ¡ Ap`¡gu L©$rs L$fp¡ :

rdÓp¡, sd_¡ sp¡ Mbf S> li¡, L¡$ hpl_ìehlpf_u âNrs_¡ L$pfZ¡ dpZkp¡ ApS>¡ OÏ„ b^y„ L$pd kfmsp\u

L$fsp„ \ep R>uA¡. S>¡ `l¡gp„ i¼e _ lsy„. `f„sy dpZk_u Ap âNrsA¡ S> s¡_¡ ApS>¡ âv|$jZ_p cfX$pdp„

cfpìep¡ R>¡. Ak„¿e hpl_p¡_p ^ydpX$p_¡ L$pfZ¡ âv|$rjs \su lhp dpZkp¡ ïhpkdp„ g¡ R>¡. s¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ _p_p„

bpmL$p¡ A_¡ dp¡V$p gp¡L$p¡dp„ fp¡NârsL$pfi[¼s Ap¡R>u \hp_¡ L$pfZ¡ ïhk_ k„b„^u fp¡Np¡, Ap„M_p fp¡Np¡, hpf„hpf

ifv$u-D^fk-L$a S>¡hp _pL$_p fp¡Np¡, L$p_dp„ ^pL$ `X$hu S>¡hp L$p_ k„b„^u fp¡Np¡, QpdX$u_p rhrh^ fp¡Np¡ A_¡

dp_rkL$ fp¡Np¡-S>¡hp L¡$ TX$`\u \pL$u S>hy„, L$pd L$fhp_p¡ DÐkpl d„v$ \hp hN¡f¡ budpfuAp¡ \pe R>¡. dpV¡$ S>

Aphu v|rjs lhp\u Ap`Ï„ fnZ L$fhy„ Sp¡CA¡, s¡ dpV$¡ - · `l¡gp¡ D`pe A¡ L¡$ _ÆL$_u AhfS>hf dpV¡$

Qpgsp S>hy„. · kpeL$g_p¡ D`ep¡N L$fhp¡. · v|$rjs lhpdp„ S>su hMs¡ dp¡Y$p `f L$`Xy„$ bp„^hy„. · Ap`Zp„

`ep®hfZrhv$p¡A¡ bsph¡gp¡ A¡L$ D`pe ku.A¡_.Æ. `Z R>¡ SpZp¡ R>p¡, ku.A¡_.Æ. iy„ R>¡ ? s¡_y„ ApMy„ _pd

"L$p¡çâ¡õX$ _¡Qfg N¡k' R>¡. · `¡V²$p¡g_u kfMpdZudp„ s¡ M|bS> kõsy„ R>¡. · buSp H^Z_u kfMpdZudp„

s¡_p¡ D`ep¡N L$fsp„ MQ® `Z-Ap¡R>p¡ Aph¡ R>¡, âv|$jZ Ap¡Ry>„ \pe R>¡. · buSp H^Zp¡\u Qpgsp„ Mp_Nu

s¡dS> kph®S>r_L$ hpl_p¡dp„ \p¡X$p¡ MQ® L$fu_¡ ku.A¡_.Æ. hpl_dp„ a¡fhu iL$pe R>¡. · âv|$jZ S>¡hu rhL$V$

kdõep_¡ lmhu b_phhpdp„ ku.A¡_.Æ. klpeL$ b_u iL¡$ R>¡.

õhpÝepe

(A) gMp¡ :

(1) ku.A¡_.Æ._p apev$p (2) âv|jZ\u \su rbdpfuAp¡

(Ap) âv|jZ fp¡L$hp dpV¡$_p D`pep¡ k|Qhp¡.

72

6. lz„ gÿdu...

qL$ip¡f Np¥X$

qL$ip¡f Np¥X$_p¡ S>Þd C.k. 1951dp„ Adv$phpv$dp„ \ep¡ lsp¡. dfpW$u cpjp rhõspfdp„ hkhpV$_p `qfZpd¡
dfpW$u cpjp A_¡ kprlÐe âÐe¡ fyrQ âbm b_u. s¡dZ¡ kp¥ â\d v$ep `hpf rgrMs "bgys„' `yõsL$_p¡ A_yhpv$
L$ep£. S>¡_¡ kdunL$p¡ A_¡ hpQL$p¡A¡ AphL$pep£ s\p AL$pv$duA¡ `yfõL©$s L$ep£. ApNm S>sp„ s¡dZ¡ 50 \u h^y
`yõsL$p¡_p¡ A_yhpv$ L$ep£.

k|f L©$rs_p¡

âõsys L©$rsdp„ õÓu-`yfyj, `iy-`nu, h©n, _v$u, hN¡f¡_u S>¡d S> qL$Þ_fp¡ `Z Ap kdpS>_y„ S> A¡L$ OV$L$
R>¡, A¡ hps hZ®hhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. kp\¡ S> qL$Þ_f lp¡hy„ A¡dp„ s¡d_p¡ L$p¡C hp„L$ _\u s¡ hps õ`óV$ fus¡ kdSphhpdp„
Aphu R>¡. s¡ R>sp„ kdpS>_u D`¡np, rsfõL$pf, lp„ku_¡ L$pfZ¡ s¡d_¡ v$f¡L$ n¡Ó¡ kl¡hp„ `X$sp„ L$óV$p¡_y„ ùv$eõ`i}
Apg¡M_ L$fhpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡. Sp¡ qL$Þ_f_¡ sL$ dm¡ sp¡ s¡Ap¡ `Z v$f¡L$ L$pe® L$fhp knd R>¡ s¡ Ap`Z_¡ gÿdu_p
Dv$plfZ Üpfp kdSphhpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡.

`p¡sp_p bpm`Z rhi¡ A_¡L$ dp¡V$p dp¡V$p gp¡L$p¡A¡ hj®_p¡ lsp¡ Ðepf¡ d_¡ A¡L$ kp\¡ V$peap¡BX$, dg¡qfep
M|b kfk g¿ey„ R>¡. bpm`Z_u ky„v$f L$rhspAp¡ `Z A_¡ Þe|dp¡r_ep \ep lsp. X$p¸¼V$f, lp¡[õ`V$g,
L¡$V$gu b^u... bpm`Z_p„ d^yf õdfZp¡dp„ v$f¡L$ S>Z v$hpAp¡_p¡ dpfp¡, BÞS>¡¼i_, kgpC_... dpfu Apip
Mp¡hpe¡gp„ lp¡e R>¡. `Z lz„ _l]. L$pfZ L¡$ dpfy„ bpm`Z R>p¡X$u v¡$_pf X$p¸¼V$k®_p `fpL$póW$p`|Z® âeÐ_p¡ A_¡ dpfp„
gNuf¡e kpfy„ Ney„ S> _\u. _p_p„ bpmL$p¡ `f klz L$p¡C dçdu-`à`p_u âp\®_p_p bm¡ lz„ bÃep¡. dpfu dçdu_¡
â¡d L$f¡ R>¡. s¡d_¡ gpX$ gX$ph¡ R>¡. dpfp Æh_dp„ `Z \e¡gp„ kps bpmL$p¡ `¥L$u Ad¡ ÓZ S> Æìep„ lsp„ A_¡
gpX$-â¡d_u DZ` ¼epf¡e _lp¡su, ApS>¡e _\u. `f„sy s¡d_y„ A¡ Æh\u e¡ h^y S>s_ L$fsu lsu.
bpm`Z L$l¡sp„ d_¡ kp„cf¡ R>¡ a¼s dpfu dp„v$Nu...!
dp„v$Nudp„\u EWép `R>u lz„ h^y Ai¼s
rdÓp¡, lz„ Ry>„ gÿdu, \ep¡. h^y k„cpm... Ar^L$ r_e„ÓZp¡... dpfp„ dp¡V$p„
bl¡__p¡ - v$uv$u_p¡ dpfu D`f M|b â¡d lsp¡. AÐe„s
dçdu, `à`p, dp¡V$u bl¡_ ê$L¹$dZu, _p_p¡ kphQ¡su`|h®L$ s¡ dpfu k„cpm g¡sp„ lsp„. lz„ dpV$udp„
cpC iiu_pfpeZ A_¡ lz„ gÿdu_pfpeZ Da£ fpSy> sp¡ fdsp¡ _\u _¡ ? ApQfL|$Qf Mpsp¡ _\u _¡ ? h^pf¡
A¡hp¡ Adpfp¡ `qfhpf \pZ¡_p rkÙ¡ïhf smph L$p„W¡$ îd L$fsp¡ _\u _¡ ?
A¡L$ dpV$u_p Ofdp„ fl¡sp„ lsp„. _p_`Z\u S> d_¡
Aõ\dp lsp¡. lSy> `Z s¡Z¡ dpfp¡ kp\ R>p¡Xép¡ _\u. Ap b^p„_¡ L$pfZ¡ lz„ ¼epf¡e kdp¡hqX$ep„
s¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ _p_`Zdp„ dpfu M|b k„cpm g¡hpdp„ bpmL$p¡dp„ h^y fçep¡ S> _\u. v$p¡õsp¡ kp\¡ d_ d|L$u_¡
Aphsu. lz„ kss dp„v$p¡ fl¡sp¡ lp¡hp\u A_¡L$ b„^_p¡ _pÃep¡-L|$Ûp¡ lp¡J, cf`|f dõsu L$fu lp¡e, dpV$udp„
lsp„. Al] fdui _l], Ðep„ S>Ci _l], Ap MpCi MfX$pC_¡ Of¡ Apìep¡ lp¡J.... d_¡ epv$ S> Aphsy„
_l], s¡ `ui _l]... L„$V$pmp¡ Aphsp¡ d_¡. lz„ kps _\u. Ofdp„, Apk`pk b^p„e lp¡hp R>sp„ lz„ A¡L$gp¡

73

\sp¡ Nep¡... `p¡sp_pdp„ S> Mp¡hpe¡gp¡ fl¡sp¡. s¡_p tgN `f\u s¡_¡ R>p¡L$fp¡ A\hp R>p¡L$fu Op¡rjs
L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. `f„sy L¡$V$gp„L$ bpmL$p¡ `yfyjp¡ sfuL¡$
AgbÑ A¡L$gp¡ lsp¡, budpf lsp¡. R>sp„e d_¡ S>Þd g¡, _p_`Zdp„ A¡ `yfyj sfuL¡$ S> ER>f¡ `f„sy
_pQhy„ AÐe„s râe ls„y A_¡ dpfu dp„v$Nu_u d¢ Ap s¡_u Spsuesp, s¡_p„ rg„Ncph õÓu_p„ lp¡e R>¡. s¡_u
fyrQ `f ¼epf¡e Akf \hp v$u^u _rl. _p_`Z\u S>__¡[ÞÖe `yfyj_u lp¡hp R>sp„ s¡_p rhQpf, gpNZudp„
S> L$p¡C `Z Nus kp„cmy„ L¡$ dpfp `N \_N_hp õÓuÐh v¡$Mpe R>¡. `f„sy kdpS> L¡$hm õÓu A\hp `yfyj
gpNsp... ipmp_p rinL$p¡_¡ Ap Ýep_dp„ Aphsp, tgN `f\u S> s¡ dyS>b tgNcph _½$u L$f¡ R>¡ A_¡
s¡dZ¡ ipmp_p v$f¡L$ L$pe®¾$ddp„ d_¡ õV¡$S> `f Ecp¡ s¡hp S> tgNcph_u s¡ õÓu `yfyj `pk¡ A`¡np fpM¡
L$ep£... R>¡L$ Sy>r_ef L¡$Æ\u. lz„ `Z õV¡$S> `f SpJ L¡$ R>¡. r_kN£ L$f¡g R>bfX$p¡ kdpS>_¡ kdSpsp¡ _\u.
`p¡sp_¡ c|gu S>sp¡, cp_ c|gu S>sp¡ lsp¡. d_¡ v$d QX¡$
R>¡, Mp„ku Aph¡ R>¡, AZNdsy„ \pe R>¡ A¡ sfa dpfy„ b¡\u Qpf hj®_u he_p bpmL$_y„ hs®_ s¡_u
Ýep_ S> _ fl¡sy„. L$v$pQ dpfp d„v$hpX$_p¡ A¡ rhkpdp¡ fdsp¡ s¡_p¡ rg„Ncph v$ip®hs„y _\u. `f„sy s¡ Npmpdp„
lsp¡...! ApSy>bpSy>_p gp¡L$p¡A¡ Ap`¡g bpmL$ L¡$ bpmL$u S>¡hu
Ap¡mM s¡ õhuL$pf¡ R>¡. `R>u Ap Ap¡mM_¡ _L$pfhu
`Z dpfp¡ Ap rhkpdp¡ L¡$V$gpL$ S>Zp_¡ AÐe„s bpmL$p¡ dpV¡$ dyíL¡$g b_¡ R>¡.
M|„Qhp gpÁep¡ lsp¡. _pQ¡ A¡V$g¡ R>p¡L$fu, õÓu S>¡hp
kduL$fZ ^fph_pf Ap`Zp kdpS>dp„ gp¡L$p¡ d_¡ 4\u 6 hj®_u he ky^u Ap tgN-tgNcph c¡v$
bpegp¡, `ph¥ep¡, dpd| A¡d QuX$hhp gpÁep lsp. bpmL$-bpmL$uAp¡_p„ hs®_dp„, bp¡ghpdp„, `l¡fh¡i
dpfu L$mpdp„ lz„ dpfu dp„v$Nu c|gu S>hp BÃR>sp¡ lsp¡, fyrQdp„ Sp¡hp dm¡ R>¡. R> hj®_u he ky^udp„ bpmL$_y„
`Z s¡ klS> kfm _ lsy„. lz„ A¡L$ R>p¡L$fp¡ lsp¡ A_¡ õÓ¥Z hs®_ õ`óV$ \pe R>¡. `p¡s¡ AÞe bpmL$p¡ L$fsp„
dpfp ifufdp„ S>¡ L$mp lsu A¡ õÓu_u L$mp lsu A_¡ Sy>v$p¡ R>¡, A¡ kdSpep `R>u d_dp„ Aõhõ\sp tQsp
A¡V$g¡ S> kdpS>_u ×[óV$A¡ lz„ L$gpL$pf _ lsp¡, bpegp¡ A_ychpe R>¡. `p¡sp_u D`f fp¡j `Z SpN¡ R>¡. A¡
lsp¡... _pQ_pfp¡ ? bpmL$ ¼epf¡L$ `p¡sp_p cphp¡_¡ v$bphu_¡ `p¥fyj¡e
hs®hp_p¡ âeÐ_ L$fsp¡ fl¡ R>¡. `f„sy Ly$dpf hedp„ A_¡
lp, lz„ kpQ¡ S> õÓu S>¡hp¡ lsp¡. dpfy„ hs®hy„, spfyÎephõ\pdp„ `p¡sp_pdp„_p¡ Ap c¡v$ s¡_¡ suh°`Z¡
bp¡ghy„, Qpghy„ õÓu S>¡hy„ lsy„. `Z s¡ A¡hy„ ip\u ? A¡ A_ychpe R>¡. bpmL$u_u S>¡d Æhhpdp„ Ap_„v$
kdS>hp_u dpfu he _ lsu. A_ychpe R>¡ A_¡ `yfyj_u S>¡d hs®hy„ AZNdsy„ gpN¡
R>¡. kl¡guAp¡dp„ cmhp_u BÃR>p \pe R>¡ A_¡ `yfyjp¡
sd¡ `Z rkÁ_g `f, V²¡$_dp„, L$p¡C_p kpfp âk„N¡ dpV¡$ ApL$j®Z A_ychpe R>¡.
Aprij hfkphu gpNp¡ g¡sp qL$Þ_fp¡_¡ Sp¡ep li¡. lp,
qL$Þ_f L$lp¡, `ph¥ep¡ L$lp¡ L¡$ V²$pÞkS>¡ÞX$f L$lp¡. sdpfp `p¡sp_pdp„_p¡ Ap c¡v$ s¡ `p¡s¡ `Z `l¡gp„
d_dp„ `Z s¡d_¡ Sp¡C_¡ Ly$s|lg r_dp®Z \sy„ li¡. õhuL$pfu iL$sp¡ _\u. L¡$V$gpL$ kde `R>u s¡ Ap tgNc¡v$
gp¡L$p¡ `pk¡\u s¡d_p rhi¡ OZu hpsp¡ kp„cmu li¡, õhuL$pf¡ R>¡. õÓu S>¡hy„ Æhhy„ s¡_¡ Nd¡ R>¡, A¡V$gy„ S>
sdpfp d_dp„ L$v$pQ s¡d_p dpV¡$ i„L$p, Ly$i„L$p rS>opkp _l] s¡ `p¡s¡ d_\u õÓu S> R>¡ A¡ s¡_¡ kdSpe R>¡.
r_dp®Z \ep li¡. sdpfu A¡ rS>opkp_y„ lz„ kdp^p_ AÐepf ky^u d__u A„v$f_p Ap k„Oj®_¡ s¡Z¡ d_dp„
L$fui. S> ^fbu fp¿ep¡ lp¡e R>¡. `f„sy lh¡ s¡ Akü \hp\u

rdÓp¡, Äepf¡ `Z L$p¡C bpmL$ S>Þd¡ Ðepf¡

74

s¡ kdpS> kdn ìe¼s L$fhp BÃR>¡ R>¡. A¡d L$fsp„ c|g\u `Z Aphy„ õhà_ _ Sp¡_pf, kdpS>_u ×[óV$dp„
s¡Z¡ kdpS>_u âQ„X$ qfbpdZu_p¡ A_ych L$fhp¡ `X¡$ fp¡S> v¡$Mp_pfu Ly$Q¡óV$p, i„L$p, ce, rsfõL$pf_¡ kl¡sp
R>¡. gp¡L$p¡ s¡_¡ bpegp¡ L$lu dSpL$ DX$ph¡ R>¡, dpsp- qL$Þ_fp¡_u dyíL¡$guAp¡_p¡ A„s ¼epf¡ Aphi¡ ? Aphp
r`sp, kNp„-ìlpgp„, rdÓp¡ b^p„e s¡_u `f k¿spC A_¡L$ âï_p¡ \L$hu _pM¡ R>¡.
L$f¡ R>¡. _ kp„cm¡ sp¡ ^dL$ph¡ R>¡. hMs Apìe¡ Of_u
blpf, kdpS>\u rhM|V$p¡ a¢L$u v¡$ R>¡. s¡\u s¡Z¡ `p¡sp_¡ kdpS> âpZu, `nu, h©np¡ `h®s b^p„_¡
õhuL$pf_pf qL$Þ_fp¡_p kdpS>dp„ S>hy„ `X¡$ R>¡. k©[óV$_p„ rhrh^ ê$`p¡ dp_u â¡d\u õhuL$pf¡ R>¡. õÓu-
`yfyj, _f-dpv$p_p c¡v$_¡ `Z õhuL$pf¡ R>¡ sp¡ Ad_¡,
dpfy„ _kub A¡V$gy„ kpfy„ lsy„ L¡$ A„N°¡Æ rinZ qL$Þ_fp¡_¡ ip\u õhuL$pfu iL$sp¡ _\u ? Adpfp
A_¡ â¡dpm rinL$p¡A¡ d_¡ kcpdp„ îp¡spAp¡ kdn Sy>v$p„`Zp_¡ ip\u õhuL$pfu iL$sp¡ _\u ? Adpfpdp„
cpjZ L$fhp dpV¡$ S>ê$fu _uX$fsp, ApÐdrhïhpk, `Z s¡d_p S>¡hp„ S> dpZkpC, NyZ h¥rióVé,
ApÐdkÞdp_ d¡mhhpdp„ dv$v$ L$fu. dpfp Of_p byrÙdÑp, L$mp-L$p¥iëe R>¡. Ap kpv$p kÐe_¡ kdS>sp„
gp¡L$p¡A¡ dpfp tgNcph_p¡ Apv$f L$ep£, rsfõL$pf kdpS> L¡$V$gp„ hj® g¡i¡ ?
L$fhp_¡ bv$g¡ lw„a Ap`u, dpfp rdÓp¡ b_phhp_p¡ L$kb
D`ep¡Nu _uhXép¡, dpfu kdS>Z d_¡ qL$Þ_fp¡_p âï_ Nd¡ A¡V$gp¡ dp¡V$p¡, rhL$rks v¡$i lp¡e,
Ap„sffpóV²$ue õsf¡ gC S>hpdp„ D`ep¡Nu _uhX$u. `f„sy V²$pÞkS>¡ÞX$k®_¡ v$f¡L$ v¡$idp„ c¡v$cph_p¡ kpd_p¡ L$fhp¡
qL$Þ_fp¡_y„ Æh_ A¡V$gy„ kfm _\u. õV¡$S> sp¡ R>p¡X$p¡, `X¡$ R>¡. `f„sy lh¡ Adpfp„ S> k„NW$_p¡ Adpfp âï_p¡ lp\
kdpS>dp„ s¡d_¡ ApS>¡ `Z õ\p_ _\u. Ofhp gpÁep„ R>¡. v¡$i_p, rhïh_p _urs OX$h¥epAp¡
kdn S>C_¡ fS|> L$fhp gpÁep„ R>¡. buÆ sfa kdpS>_¡
¼ep„ k^y u sA¡ p¡ `ps¡ p_„y Æh_ dfsp„ k^y u dN„| p Ap âï_¡ k„h¡v$_iug b_phhp_y„ L$pd \C füy„ R>¡. Ap
dpY¡ $¡ spZcfu Ahõ\pdp„ Y$kX$sp„ fli¡ ¡ ? d__¡ âï_ A¡L$`nu fus¡ DL¡$gu iL$pe s¡d _\u. Ap L$pd_¡
NN„| mphsp kdpS> kdn Này ssp Spmhu Æhsp fli¡ ¡ ? dlÒh A_¡ h¡N dmhp Sp¡CA¡. sp¡ S> kdpS>_p
k„kpf, R>¥ep„ R>p¡L$fp„, ApÐdkÞdp_krls kdpS>dp„ qL$Þ_fp¡ sfa Sp¡hp_u ×[óV$ bv$gpi¡. Ap kdpS>_p S>
Æhhy„ Ap b^u bpbsp¡_¡ õhà_hs¹ NZu KOdp„ `Z A¡L$ OV$L$ sfuL¡$ õhdp_c¡f Æh_ Æhu iL$i¡.

\pZd¡ p„ dpf„y Of R>¡ s¡ eD¡ f_u smV¡ $u `pk¡ Of_u bpfudp\„ u eD¡ f_p¡
X$„yNf ApMpe¡ bp\dp„ gC iL$pe, AV¡ $gp¡ _ÆL$ v$¡Mpe R>.¡ dpfp Of_u bpfu
A_¡ Ap X$„yNf hÃQ¡ AL¡ $ _p_L$X$u V$¡L$fu R>.¡ gug„y Opk ApY¡ $u_¡ bW¡ $¡gu, Npe-
Y$pf¡ ld„ i¡ p„ Qfsp„ lpe¡ R>¡ s_¡ u `f, kss lfaf lpe¡ R>.¡ Ap V$¡L$fu `f...
A_¡ AV¡ $g¡ S> A¡ d_¡ Æhs„ gpN¡ R>.¡ Ap Æhs„ V$¡L$fu `f AL¡ $ hn© R>,¡
i_¡ „y R>¡ L$pZ¡ SpZ,¡ d¢ ¼epfe¡ S>C_¡ _\u Spe¡ .„y R>¡ kv„y $f, OV$pv$pf, bpfe¡
drl_p gug„y lpe¡ R>.¡ .. hpefp kp\¡ kmhms„y lpe¡ R>.¡ `Z AL¡ $g„y S>, kph
AL¡ $g,„y Apd s¡ b^p_„ u hÃQ¡ lpe¡ R>.¡ gugR„y >d Opk A_¡ ¡ hmNg¡ „y lpe¡
R>.¡ \pX¡ $p„ TpX$hpe lpe¡ R>¡ smV¡ $u `pk,¡ `Z buS>y „ L$pC¡ hn© _\u A_¡ u
kp\.¡ Ap KQp hn© _„y AL¡ $ghpep`Ï„ AV¡ $g¡ S> _S>fdp„ kdpe R>,¡ A_L¡ $
hMs le¥ pdp„ im| D`kphu Spe R>.¡ Ap hn© sfa SpJ¡ Ðepf¡ d_¡ \pe
L$¡, dpf„y Æh_ Aph„y S> sp¡ R>.¡ .. kl_z u hÃQ,¡ `Z R>spe„ AL¡ $gu... ?

75

dpN®v$i®L$ õs„c

Ap L©$rs_y„ AÝep`_ L$fphhp_u iê$Aps L$fsp„ `l¡gp„ âï_p¡Ñfu Üpfp qL$Þ_fp¡ rhi¡ rhÛp\}Ap¡_y„
d„sìe/dpÞesp SpZu iL$pe. Ðepf bpv$ L©rsdp„ S>Zph¡g hpõsrhL$sp hZ®hu, s¡d_u Ap ipfuqfL$ [õ\rsdp„
qL$Þ_fp¡_p¡ L$p¡C hp„L$ _\u s¡ S>Zphu iL$pe. dpÓ A_¡ dpÓ kdpS>_u D`¡np, lp„ku A_¡ rsfõL$pf_¡ L$pfZ¡ s¡d_¡
kl¡hu `X$su sL$guap¡, ip¡jZ rhi¡ S>Zphu iL$pe. qL$Þ_fp¡_¡ `Z Ap kdpS>_p A¡L$ OV$L$ sfuL¡$ õhdp_c¡f
Æhhp_p¡ l½$ R>¡ s¡ rhQpf ×Y$ L$fphu iL$pe.

õhpÝepe

(A) 1. _uQ¡_p iåv$p¡ dpV¡$ L©$rsdp„ h`fpe¡gp iåv$p¡ gMp¡.

(1) S>fp`Z (2) Ap¡R>` (3) rbdpfu (4) ârsb„^
(7) Np¡V$pmp¡ (8) Ly$v$fs
(5) lzÞ_f (6) L$p„V$p¡
AZ
2. "AZ' D`kN® gNphu iåv$ b_php¡ :
v$p.s. AZNdsy„

3. `pW$dp„\u _uQ¡_p iåv$p¡ ApNm Aphsp„ rhi¡jZp¡ gMp¡ : (4) ---kdpS>
(1) ---- õdfZp¡ (2) ---- rinL$p¡ (3) ---- dõsu (8) ---âk„N
(5) ----r_e„ÓZp¡ (6) ---- v¡$i (7) ---- hs®_

4. (A) "`N \_N_hp' A¡V$g¡ "_pQhy„' s¡S> fus¡ "`N' kp\¡ _uQ¡_p„ q¾$ep`v$p¡ Sp¡X$u b_sp ê$qY$âep¡Np¡_p A\® gMp¡:

D`pX$hp -

Aphhp -

`N V$L$hp -

h^pfhp -

sp¡X$hp -

(Ap) ê$qY$âep¡N A_¡ s¡_p A\®_u Sp¡X$u d¡mhp¡ :

"A' rhcpN "b' rhcpN

(1) lw„a Ap`hu (A) Q|`Qp` kl_ L$fhy„

(2) l¥epdp„ i|m D`X$hy„ (Ap) k„cpm g¡hu

(3) d|„Np dp¡Y¡$ kl¡hy„ (B) klpesp L$fhu

(4) S>s_ L$fhy„ (C) M|b vy$:M \hy„

76

5. Dv$plfZ dyS>b suh°spv$i®L$ iåv$p¡ b_php¡ : v$p.s. - gugy„ - R>d
(1) A„^pfy„ ------------- (2) cp¡my„ ------------- (3) dp¢Oy ------------
(4) ku^y„ ------------- (5) gp„by„ ------------- (6) lgLy„$ ------------
(Ap) 1. ApL©$rsb„^ `|Z® L$fp¡ :
(1)

qL$Þ_fp¡dp„ fl¡gp
AÞep¡ S>¡hp NyZp¡

(2) (3)

kps hj®_u gÿdu_p
he¡ gÿdu_¡ `qfhpf_p kæep¡
\e¡g fp¡N

(4) (5)

_p_`Zdp„ gÿdu NÛdp„ Aph¡g
`f gv$pe¡g b„^_p¡ dp_hÆh__u
Ahõ\pAp¡

(6)

V¡$L$fu `f_p h©n_u
rhrióV$sp

77

2. L©$rs_p Ap^pf¡ gMp¡.

"A' rhcpN "b' rhcpN

(1) b¡\u Qpf hj® (A) `p¡sp_pdp„_p¡ c¡v$ suh°`Z¡ A_ychpe

(2) 4\u 6 hj® (Ap) bpmL L¡$ bpmL$u_u Ap¡mM õhuL$pf¡

(3) R> hj® (B) bpmL$_y„ õÓ¥Z hs®_ õ`óV$ \pe

(4) Ly$dpfhedp„ (C) s¡_y„ hs®_ s¡_p¡ tgNcph v$ip®hsy„ _\u

3. kdÆ_¡ gMp¡ :

(1) qL$Þ_f Üpfp kdpS> kdn `p¡sp_p¡ tgNcph ìe¼s L$fhp_y„ `qfZpd -
-
(2) gÿduA¡ _p_`Zdp„ _ L$f¡gu L©$rsAp¡

(3) gÿdu_p Æh_dp„ _uQ¡_p„ OV$L$p¡_y„ ep¡Nv$p_ :

(A) â¡dpm rinL$ -

(Ap) Of_p gp¡L$p¡ -

(B) gÿdu_u kdS>Z -

(B) 1. k„r^ R>p¡X$p¡ : (2) sp{$Îephõ\p (3) k„Oj® (4) k„h¡v$_
(1) AÐe„s

2. kdpk_p¡ rhN°l L$fu âL$pf gMp¡ :

(1) _fdpv$p (2) L$mpL$p¥iëe (3) kNp„ìlpgp„ (4) dpspr`sp

3. A\® bv$ëep rh_p hp¼e_y„ ê$`p„sf L$fp¡ :
(1) bpm`Z gNuf¡e kpfy„ Ney„ _\u.
(2) lSy> `Z s¡Z¡ dpfp¡ kp\ R>p¡Xép¡ _\u.
(3) kdpS> qL$Þ_fp¡_¡ õhuL$pfsp¡ _\u.

4. Ag„L$pf Ap¡mMp¡.
(1) dpfy„ Æh_ `Z Aphy„ S> R>¡, klz_u hÃQ¡ R>sp„e¡ A¡L$gu.
(2) Ap V¡$L$fu d_¡ Æh„s gpN¡ R>¡.
(3) h©n_y„ A¡L$ghpep`Ï„ A¡V$g¡ S> _S>fdp„ kdpe R>¡.
(C) "s©sue `„\uAp¡_y„ kdpS>dp„ õ\p_' rhi¡ sdpfp¡ ds S>Zphp¡.
(D) (1) s©sue `„\uAp¡_u `qf[õ\rs ky^pfhp dpV¡$_p D`pep¡_u QQp® L$fp¡.
(2) 'Adpfp„ S> k„NW$_p¡ Adpfp âï_p¡ lp\ ^fhp gpÁep R>¡' - gÿdu_p Ap rh^p__p A_yk„^p_dp„ _uQ¡_p rhje `f

hN®dp„ kd|l QQp® L$fp¡ - kdpS>_p rsfõL©$s OV$L$p¡_p âï_p¡_p DL¡$g dpV¡$ k„NW$__u AphíeL$sp.
(E) gÿdu_u S>¡d S> kdpS>dp„ rhrh^ n¡Ó¡ ApNm h^¡g s©sue`„\uAp¡ rhi¡ dprlsu d¡mhp¡.

78

rhi¡j hp„Q_

d]v$X$u
Npd_p `pv$f¡ Aph¡gp cpqX$ep L|$h¡ hl¡gu khpf\u `pZu cfhp `r_lpfuAp¡_u cuX$ Spdsu.
ApMp¡ qv$hk Qpg¡ A¡V$gy„ `pZu cfu g¡hp v$p¡X$pv$p¡X$ L$fsu `r_lpfuAp¡_¡ Sp¡C_¡ kpdkpdu qv$ipdp„ dpf„dpf
S>su L$uX$u_u lpf epv$ Aphu S>su. fõspdp„ kpd¡ dmu S>su krlef kp\¡ b¡ ÓZ hp¼edp„ hps `|fu L$fu_¡
`r_lpfu `pR>u lpfdp„ v$p¡X$u S>su. Mpgu b¡X$p gC_¡ S>su L¡$ cf¡gu l¡g gC_¡ Aphsu `r_lpfuAp¡\u Npd
ApMy„ R>hpC S>sy„. `R>u sp¡ ApMp¡ qv$hk L$p„ sp¡ Y$p¡fdp„ _¡ L$p„ sp¡ R>p¡fpdp„ - hMs L$ép dmhp_p¡ lsp¡.
Aphp L$pdY$p kdedp„ rbQpfu kdfs_p dp\¡ L$d_kub¡ A¡L$ kpdV$u ÓZ Ap`rÑ Aphu `X$u lsu.
A¡L$ sp¡ `pZu k]Qsp k]Qsp kdfs_p lp\dp„\u R>V$L$u_¡ lp„X$p¡ cpX$uepdp„ X|$bu Nep¡. lh¡ Ap lp„X$p_¡
L$pY$hp¡ L¡$hu fus¡ ! L|$hpdp„ `X$u Ne¡g lp„X$p¡-OX$p¡ L¡$ X$p¡g_¡ d]v$X$u _pMu_¡ L$pY$u Ap`_pf Npddp„ A¡L$ dpÓ
AfS>Z lsp¡. d]v$X$u `Z s¡_u rkhpe L$p¡C_u `pk¡ _lp¡su. lh¡ dyíL¡$gu A¡ lsu L¡$ kdfs_¡ Sp¡sp„h¢s
Ap AfS>Z_u Ap„Mdp„ kp`p¡rgep fdhp gpNsp. A¡L$pv$ hMs¡ sp¡ kdfs¡ s¡_¡ V$`pep£ `Z lsp¡. lh¡ Ap
AfS>Z `pk¡ S>hy„ L¡$d L$fu_¡ ! kdfs_¡ dy„ThZ \hp gpNu.
buSy>„ A¡ L¡$ ApS>¡ fp¢Y$p V$pZ¡ s¡_u L$TpX$u kpky Npdsf¡\u Aphu S>hp_u lsu. lh¡ Sp¡ s¡ kde
`l¡gp„ kdfs QL$QqL$s L$fu_¡ lp„X$p¡ `pZuepfpdp„ Np¡W$hu _ v¡$ sp¡ A¡ kdfs_¡ dpfu dpfu_¡ s¡_p ApMp
ifuf¡ Np¡bp S> `pX$u v¡$. Ap b^pdp„\u kp„Np¡`p„N _uL$mhy„ R>sp„ AfS>Z_¡ R>¡V$p¡ _¡ R>¡V$p¡ fpMhp¡ A¡ hmu
ÓuÆ dyíL¡$gu lsu. sp¡ `R>u L$fhy„ iy„ ? kde `Z kpQhhp_p¡ lsp¡.
A„s¡ d_ d½$d L$fu_¡ kdfs AfS>Z_u MX$L$uA¡ `lp¢Qu. cpX$uepdp„\u lp„X$p¡ L$pY$u Ap`hp_u
rh_„su L$fsp _uQu _S>f fpMu Ecu flu. AfS>Z s¡_¡ A¡L$_S>f¡ Sp¡C S> füp¡. AfS>Z_u Ap„M_p
kp`p¡rgep L|$v$pL|$v$ L$fhp gpÁep. kdfs_¡ \ey„, "d|Ap¡ ¼ep„L$ dpfy„ bphXy„$ _ `L$X$u g¡' AfS>Z L$iy„ bp¡ëep
hNf s¡_¡ Sp¡C S> füp¡ lsp¡. kdfs\u lh¡ Ecy„ fl¡hpe s¡d _ lsy„ s¡\u bp¡gu :
""dpfp¡ cpC L$fy„, lpg_¡ dpfp hufp, dpfu kpky Sp¡ Aphu S>i¡ sp¡...'' kdfs_u Ap„Mdp„\u
`l¡gy„ Ap„ky_y„ V$u`y„ Mf¡ s¡ `l¡gp sp¡ d]v$X$u g¡sp¡L$ AfS>Z dp¡V$u dp¡V$u X$p„a cfsp¡ cpX$ue¡ `lp¢Qu Nep¡.
kukZuA¡ d]v$X$u bp„^u_¡ cpX$uepdp„ _pMu_¡ Apds¡d O|dphhp gpÁep¡. d]v$X$u_u `L$X$dp„ Aphu Ne¡gp¡
lp„X$p¡ L$pY$u_¡ kdfs_¡ Apàep¡ Ðepf¡ S> AfS>Z¡ r_fp„s_p¡ ïhpk Mp^p¡.
L|$hp_u Apk`pk h¡fpe¡gp g]by_p apX$uep\u lp„X$p_¡ QL$QqL$s L$fu, cfu_¡ kdfs Äepf¡ OfcZu
lpgsu \C Ðepf¡ kpkfuep_p Ópk\u L|$h¡ `X$u_¡ dfu Ne¡g bl¡__¡ SpZ¡ kÆh_ L$fsp¡ lp¡e s¡d AfS>Z
Sp¡C füp¡ lsp¡. kdfs_¡ sp¡ iy„, Npd ApMp_¡ Mbf _ lsu L¡$ X|$bu Ne¡gp lp„X$p_u lpfp¡lpf `„X$_p
cpX$uepdp„ X|$bu Ne¡gp `p¡sp_p gMdZ S>rs_p Ahspf_¡ `Z AfS>Z¡ M¢Qu L$pYép¡ A_¡ s¡ M¢Qu
L$pY$_pf d]v$X$u_¡ Sp¡sp¡ lp¡e s¡d i¡fu_p hmp„L$ sfa hmsu kdfs_¡ A¡L$uV$i¡ Sp¡C füp¡...

- CÄS>sLy$dpf rÓhv¡ $u

sy„ _p_p¡ lz„ dp¡V$p¡ A¡hp¡ ¿epg S>Ns_p¡ Mp¡V$p¡,
Mpfp S>m_p¡ v$qfep¡ cqfep¡, duW$p S>m_p¡ gp¡V$p¡. - â¡di„L$f cË$

79

kprlÐe âL$pf

V|„$L$uhpsp®

hpsp®Ap¡ dp_h_p Dv¹$ch kp\¡ rhL$k¡gp¡ _hgL$\p A_¡ _hrgL$p (V|„$L$u hpsp®)_p„
kprlÐe âL$pf R>¡. cpfsue V|„$L$u hpsp®_p d|m gnZp¡ gNcN kdp_ R>¡. hõsy, `pÓ, k„hpv$,
D`r_jv$p¡, SpsL$L$\pAp¡ L¡$ `„Qs„Ó A_¡ `qfh¡i, cpjpi¥gu, fk A_¡ Æh_v$i®_. Ap
rlsp¡`v¡$i S>¡hu L$\pAp¡dp„ lp¡hp_y„ L¡$V$gpL$_y„ sÒhp¡ b„_¡ õhê$`p¡dp„ âep¡Spe R>¡, `Z s¡d_p
dp_hy„ R>¡. `f„sy Aphu hpsp® A¡ V|„$L$u hpsp® _\u. âep¡S>__u fus b„_¡dp„ Sy>v$u Sy>v$u lp¡e R>¡. V|„$L$u
hpsp®dp„ `Z L$p¡C `Z b¡ L©$rsdp„ Ap gnZp¡dp„
Ap`Z¡ Ðep„ A„N°¡Æ iåv$ "ip¡V®$ kdp_sp Sp¡hp dmsu _\u. V|„$L$u hpsp®_p„ gnZp¡
õV$p¡fu'_p A_yhpv$ ê$`¡ V|„$L$u hpsp® iåv$ Apìep¡ kS>®L¡$ -kS>®L¡$ Sy>v$p„ `qfZpdê$`¡ Sp¡hp dm¡ R>¡.
R>¡. rhïhkprlÐedp„ `Z V|„$L$u hpsp® kp¥\u
sfyZ õhê$` R>¡ A_¡ Ap`Zu cpjpdp„ `Z V|„$L$u hpsp®dp„ hõsy âdpZdp„ _p_„y lp¡e
A¡ _hu_ kprlÐe âL$pf R>.¡ _\¡ r¡ _eg lp\¡ p_¡ ,® R>¡. s¡d R>sp„ s¡dp„ rhipm k©[óV$ kdpe¡gu lp¡e
A¡g_ `p¡, Np¡Np¡g hN¡f¡ rhÜp_p¡_¡ short R>¡. Ddpi„L$f Sp¡iuA¡ `Z L$üy„ R>¡ L¡$ "V|„$L$u hpsp®
stories_p S>Þdv$psp NZhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. A¡V$g¡ A_yc|rs L$Z' A¡ A_yc|rsdp„ QdÐL©$rs
lp¡hu Sp¡CA¡. V|„$L$u hpsp®dp„ hõsyr_ê$`Z_u
V|„$L$u hpsp®_¡ L$_¥epgpg dy_iuA¡ "Ahp®Qu_ A_¡L$ `ÙrsAp¡ R>¡. hõsy S>¡ âL$pf_u lp¡e s¡_¡
kprlÐe_y„ A`|h®`yó`' sfuL¡$ Ap¡mMphu R>¡ A_yê$` `Ùrs g¡ML¡$ âep¡S>hu Sp¡CA¡. kpdpÞe
sp¡ L¡$V$gpL$ A¡_¡ "`fv¡$iu R>p¡X$' `Z L$l¡ R>¡. fus¡ hpsp®L$pfp¡ _hrgL$p_p¡ A„s AZ^pep£,
L¡$V$gpL$ rhh¡QL$p¡A¡ V|„$L$u hpsp®_¡ NÛv¡$l¡ rhQfsy„ QdÐL©$rs`|Z® b_phhp_p¡ âeÐ_ L$f¡ R>¡. A„s
Erd®L$pìe L$üy„ R>¡. fp.rh.`pW$L$ _p¢^¡ R>¡ L¡$ "V|„$L$u QdÐL©$rs`|Z® lp¡e A¡_p¡ hp„^p¡ _rl `Z s¡
hpsp® Æh__p L$p¡C flõe_¡ Ap¡R>pdp„ Ap¡R>p„ âsursL$f lp¡hp¡ Sp¡CA¡.
`pÓp¡ hX¡$, Ap¡R>pdp„ Ap¡R>p b_php¡\u, Ap¡R>pdp„
Ap¡R>p iåv$p¡dp„ r_ê$r`s L$f¡ R>¡.' rhS>efpe h¥Û¡ V|„$L$u hpsp®_y„ õhê$` S>¡d S>¡d rhL$ksy„ Ney„
L$üy„ R>¡, "A¡L$ S> k„`|Z® k„õL$pf d_ `f `pX¡$ s¡ s¡ds¡d OV$_p_¡ bv$g¡ `pÓ_y„ dlÒh h^sy„ Ney„.
_hrgL$p.' A„N°¡Æ rhh¡QL$ lX$k_¡ `Z L$üy„ R>¡, ìe[¼s_p A_¡L$ `pkp„ lp¡e R>¡. hpsp®L$pf dy¿e
"A short story must contain one and `pÓp¡_p A¡L$pv$ `pkp D`f Ýep_ L¡$[ÞÖs L$f¡ R>¡.
only one informing idea' ^|dL¡$s| V|„$L$u `pÓ Qpl¡ L$p¡C `Z lp¡e `Z s¡ kÆh, Æh„s
hpsp®_¡ sZMp kp\¡ kfMphsp„ L$l¡ R>¡ L¡$, ""S>¡ b_¡ s¡ ANÐe_y„ R>¡. `pÓpg¡M_ dpV¡$ L$\_pÐdL$
huS>mu_p QdL$pfp_u S>¡d kp¢kfhu _uL$mu A_¡ _pVépÐdL$ b„_¡ `Ùrs hp`fu iL$pe R>¡.
Spe. k|s¡gu gpNZuAp¡_¡ S>NpX$u, hp„Q_pf_u
Apk`pk A¡L$ _huS> L$pë`r_L$ k©[óV$ OX$u L$pY¡$ k„hpv$ A¡ V|„$L$u hpsp®_y„ ApL$j®L$ gnZ R>¡.
s¡ V|„$L$uhpsp®.'' `pÓp¡_p k„hpv$p¡ Üpfp s¡d_y„ ìe[¼sÐh EOX$sy„
Spe R>¡. k„hpv$p¡ s¡S>õhu, ^pfv$pf, âk„N_¡

80

A_yê$` A_¡ âk„Np¡rQs lp¡hp Sp¡CA¡. k„hpv$ `|fsy„ lp¡e R>¡.
Üpfp g¡ML$ _l] `Z `pÓp¡ bp¡gu füp„ R>¡ A¡hy„
gpNhy„ Sp¡CA¡. V|„$L$u hpsp®dp„ cpjpi¥gu `Z dlÒh_y„ OV$L$
R>¡. cpjp hpsp® rhje_¡, `pÓ, hpsp®_p L$pmM„X$_¡
V|„$L$u hpsp®dp„ `qfh¡i-hpsphfZ_y„ A_yê$` lp¡hu Sp¡CA¡. v$f¡L$ g¡ML$_u cpjpi¥gu
A_¡fy„ dlÒh R>¡. Ddpi„L$f Sp¡iu_u "îphZu ApNhu lp¡e R>¡. L$pìe-_pV$L$_u S>¡d V|„$L$u hpsp®dp„
d¡mp¡' S>¡hu _hrgL$pdp„ sp¡ hpsphfZ S> `Z fkr_ó`rÑ \pe R>¡. V|„$L$u hpsp®dp„ A¡L$ L¡$ b¡
dy¿e lp¡e R>¡. hs®dp_ kde_u hpsp®dp„ fk Aphu iL¡$. dy¿e sp¡ A¡L$ S>. rhïh_u A_¡L$
kpçâsL$pm_y„ hpsphfZ Apg¡Mpe R>¡. Äepf¡ DÑd _hrgL$pAp¡ L$fyZ fkâ^p_ R>¡. L$rhsp_u
A¥rslprkL$ _hrgL$pdp„ s¡ L$pm_y„ hpsphfZ S>¡d _hrgL$p `Z Æh_ kdunp L$f¡ R>¡. V|„$L$u
kSp®e R>¡ S>¡ V|„$L$u hpsp®dp„ hpsphfZ_u rhi¡j hpsp®dp„ Æh__y„ L$p¡C_¡ L$p¡C flõe L$gpÐdL$ fus¡
â^p_sp _ lp¡e s¡hu hpsp®dp„ õ\mL$pm_p ìe¼s \hy„ Sp¡CA¡.
hpsphfZ dpV¡$ g¡ML$ \p¡X$u c|rdL$p bp„^u v¡$ s¡
Qpgp¡, L¡$V$guL$ V|„$L$u hpsp®Ap¡ dpZuA¡.

õhpÝepe

1. V|„$L$u hpsp®_p Dv¹$ch rhi¡ S>Zphp¡.
2. V|„$L$u hpsp®dp„ hõsy_y„ dlÒh gMp¡.
3. V|„$L$u hpsp®_p õhê$` rhi¡ rhrh^ dlp_ychp¡_p ds S>Zphp¡.
4. V|„$L$u hpsp®_p„ gnZp¡ S>Zphu L$p¡C `Z A¡L$ gnZ rhi¡ kdSphp¡.
5. V|„$L$u hpsp®dp„ `pÓ A_¡ k„hpv$_y„ dlÒh hZ®hp¡.
6. V|„$L$u hpsp®dp„ `qfh¡i A_¡ cpjp i¥gu_u AphíeL$sp hZ®hp¡.

L¡$V$guL$ hp„Qhu A_¡ dpZhu Nd¡ s¡hu hpsp®Ap¡ A_¡ s¡_p kS>®L$

m dufp„Zu - ^|dL¡$sy m hp_u dpfu L$p¡eg - Qyr_gpg dqX$ep
m v$pv$pÆ - Ly$Þv$r_L$p L$p`qX$ep
m cuMy„ - ^|dL¡$sy m Ap O¡f `¡g¡ O¡f - S>e„rs v$gpg
m Æ'bp - Th¡fQ„v$ d¡OpZu
m krmep - fp^¡íepd idp® m A¡hy„ L$p¡Z L$f¡ ? - Nygpbv$pk b°p¡L$f
m Np¡hpgZu - dgepr_g
m dp_¡ Mp¡m¡ - ky„v$fd¹ m v$`®Z - ^ufyb¡_ `V¡$g
m dpfu Q„`p_p¡ hf - Ddpi„L$f Sp¡iu
m hpX$p¡ - dp¡l_ `fdpf

m dp - `Þ_pgpg `V¡$g

m dyLy$Þv$fpe - fpd_pfpeZ `pW$L$

m S>d_p_y„ `|f - fpd_pfpeZ `pW$L$

81

1. A„S>m`pZu

`uspçbf `V¡$g

C.k.1918dp„ `pV$Zdp„ S>Þd¡gp `uspçbf `V¡$g A¡L$ ¿eps_pd _hgL$\pL$pf A_¡ hpsp®L$pf R>¡.
"frkep¡ Æh', "M¡sf_¡ Mp¡m¡', "^fsu_p Adu', "_ug NN__p„ `„Mu', "îÙpv$u`' S>¡hu gp¡L$cpÁe L©$rsAp¡dp„
s¡dZ¡ NyS>fps_y„ N°pdÆh_, kdpS> Æh_ A_¡ il¡fu Æh__y„ ky„v$f r_ê$`Z L$e¯y R>¡.

k|fS>X$p¡iu_¡ M|b kdSpìep„ A¡V$g¡ s¡dZ¡ S> füp„. _ sp¡ s¡d_¡ fp¡V$gp L$fhp_y„ cp_ füy„, _ sp¡
NmNmp AhpS>¡ L$lu v$u^y„ : ""kpfy„ spZ c|fu_¡ L$pg c|fu_¡ Ap¡NpW$ _pMhp_y„ cp_ füy„.
v$p¡fu S>Sp¡...'' ApV$gy„ bp¡gsp„-bp¡gsp„ sp¡ X$p¡iu lp„au
Nep„ A_¡ Ecp„ \C Of sfa hþep„. S>sp„ S> s¡Ap¡ c|fu_¡ AmNu L$fsp„ k|fS>X$p¡iu_p¡ Æh L$`pC
c|fu_¡ hmNu `Xép„. s¡_p Nmp `f, dp¢ `f, `uW$ `f S>sp¡ lsp¡. c|fu kp\¡ A¡hu sp¡ dpep b„^pC NC lsu L¡$
lp\ a¡fhhp gpÁep„. kpkf¡ hmphsp„ dp S>¡ fus¡ v$uL$fu_¡ s¡_¡ _S>f\u v|$f L$fu iL$sp„ _ lsp„. R>¡ëgp„ v$k¡L$ hj®\u sp¡
`„`pm¡ A¡ fus¡ k|fS>X$p¡iu c|fu_¡ `„`pmu füp„ lsp„. A¡ b„_¡ S>Z kyMvy$:M_p„ kp\u b_u Nep„ lsp„. cf| u_¡
DR>f¡ u_¡ dp¡V$u L$f_pf k|fS>X$pi¡ u lsp.„ ddsp\u sA¡ p¡
""c|fu... c|fu ! L$pg sp¡ sy„ S>su fl¡hp_u...'' cf| u_¡ `pmsp„ Apìep„ lsp.„ k|fS>X$p¡iu_u tS>v$Nudp„
ApV$gy„ bp¡gsp„-bp¡gsp„ sp¡ k|fS>X$p¡iu_u Ap„Mp¡dp„\u dpep-ddsp fpM¡ A¡hy„ buSy>„ ls„ey L$p¡Z ? A¡L$ v$uL$fu
Ap„ky V$`L$hp gpÁep„. c|fu L$p„C kdÆ _ lp¡e s¡d lsu A¡ sp¡ kpkf¡ Of L$fu_¡ flu lsu. `„X¡$ rh^hp bpC
X$p¡iu kpd¡ dp\y„ lgphhp gpNu. SpZ¡ `|R>su _ lp¡e : A¡L$gu L$f¡ iy„ ? A¡V$g¡ sp¡ Æh__u fluklu gpNZu
""iy„ L$fhp fp¡hp¡ R>p¡ dp !'' c|fudp„ f¡X$u lsu. A¡d_u ApMp qv$hk_u âh©rÑ `Z
c|fude \C NC lsu. c|fu_¡ Qpf _ufhu, c|fu_¡
k|fS>X$p¡iu sp¡ fXé¡ S>sp„ lsp„. c|fu_p qX$g v$p¡lhu, c|fu_¡ Qfhp gC S>hu, c|fu_¡ `pZu `php
`f lp\ a¡fhsp„ Spe _¡ fXé¡ Spe. X$p¡iu_p¡ lp\ c|fu gC S>hu, c|fu_y„ R>pZ D`pX$hy„. c|fu_u S>Áep L$p¡fu
QpV$hp gpNu. X$p¡iu_u kpd¡ dp\y„ lgphhp gpNu. A¡ L$fhu A_¡ c|fu kp\¡ hpsp¡ L$fhu. L$p¡C_¡ _hpC gpNi¡,
d|„Ny„ âpZu X$p¡iu_¡ L$lu fü„y ls„y : ""dp ! lh¡ fX$p¡ sp¡ `Z k|fS>X$p¡iu kpQ¡ S> c|fu kp\¡ hpsp¡ L$fsp„. S>¡
dpfp kd R>¡ ! A¡hy„ s¡ iy„ R>¡ s¡ fXép S> L$fp¡ R>p¡...!'' fus¡ dp v$uL$fu_¡ W$`L$p¡ Ap`¡, hY¡$, TOX¡$ A_¡ hlpg
L$f¡... A¡ b^y„ k|fS>X$p¡iu c|fu kp\¡ L$fsp„. c|fuA¡
A_¡ X$p¡iuA¡ d|L$ hpZu kp„cmu lp¡e s¡d c|fu_p k|fS>X$p¡iu_p Æhsfdp„ v$uL$fu L$fsp„e h^y _ÆL$_y„
dp¢ `f lp\ a¡fhsp„ bp¡ëep„ : ""c|fu ! lz„ s_¡ AmNu õ\p_ gC gu^y„ lsy„. A¡ c|fu_¡ lh¡ Ap„M\u AmNu
L$fy„ Ry>„... c|fu ! hp„L$-N_p¡ dpa L$fS>¡... lh¡ dmpe, _ L$fhp_p¡ kde Apìep¡ lsp¡. L$pg¡ sp¡ c|fu_¡ v$p¡fu S>i¡
dmpe...'' X$p¡iu_p¡ kpv$ apV$u Nep¡. s¡Ap¡ c|fu_¡ bpTu A¡ rhQpfdpÓ\u k|fS>X$p¡iu_y„ l¥ey„ rQfpC S>sy„ lsy„.
`Xép„ A_¡ A¡_¡ bQuAp¡ cfu L$l¡hp gpÁep„ : ""c|fu...
c|fu ! Ap iy„ \hp b¡Wy„$ R>¡...'' ""_p..._p ! dpf¡ c|fu_¡ _\u h¡Qhu...''
s¡d_p\u bp¡gu S>hpey„ : `Z buÆ S> `m¡ `pR>p¡
SpZ¡ c|fu\u A¡L$ OX$ue¡ Sy>v$p„ _ `X$hp_p¡
r_f^pf L$ep£ lp¡e A¡d k|fS>X$p¡iu c|fu_u `pk¡ b¡ku

82

rhQpf Apìep¡ : ""sp¡ Mug¡ bp„^u_¡ c|M¡ dpfu _pMhu A_¡ Sp¡ S>L$ L$fu_¡ b¡ku fl¡ip¡ sp¡ c|fu_¡ c|Mu dpfu
R>¡ ? Ofdp„ iy„ R>¡ s¡ MhX$phui ?'' _p„Mip¡. d|„Np Y$p¡f_p _¡lpL$p g¡hp\u ip¡ apev$p¡ ?''

""dpf¡ c|fu _\u h¡Qhu, _\u h¡Qhu'' A¡d sp¡ ""`Z Ap fp¡ep Ly$Z SpZ¡ c|fu_¡ ¼ep„e gC
k|fS>X$p¡iu A¡L$ drl_p\u L$l¡sp„ lsp„. hpk_p L¡$V$gpe Spe... Ðep„ L$kpChpX¡$ S>C_¡ h¡Qu v¡$ sp¡...''
kdSphu_¡ s|V$u Nep sp¡e _lp¡sp„ dp_sp„. s¡d_p„
Ly$Vy„$buAp¡ `Z L$l¡sp„ lsp„ : ""A¡ sp¡ S>¡ S>¡_y„ L$fd... Ap`Z¡ sp¡ L$p„C SpZu_¡
L$kpC_¡ _\u h¡Qsp„ _¡ ? `R>u ApNm`pR>m_y„ sp¡ Ly$Z
""X$p¡iu ! sd¡ _L$pdp S>L$ `L$X$u_¡ b¡ku füp„ Sp¡hp b¡Wy„$ R>¡ ? Apd _¡ Apd rhQpf L$ep®dp„ flu S>ip¡
R>p¡. c|fu_¡ _rl h¡Qp¡ sp¡ MhX$phip¡ iy„. sdpfy„ L$`pm? _¡ A¡L$ v$p'X¡$ das Apghp _uL$mip¡ sp¡e L$p¡C c|fu_p¡
Ad_¡ L$p„C Y$p¡f v$hgp„ lsp„ s¡ h¡Qu v$u^p„ ? kdp¡ sp¡ AR>p¡X$p¡ _rl `L$X¡$. A¡d kdSp¡ L¡$ b¡ `¥kp dmi¡ sp¡
Ap¡mMhp¡ Sp¡CA¡ _¡ ! R>`_p_¡e Ap„V$u Spe A¡hp¡ sd¡e d|W$u v$pZp cpmip¡.''
sp¡ L$pm `Xép¡ R¡ ! k¡ddp„ gugy„ `p„v$Xy„$e _\u, `R>u
Y$p¡f_¡ iy„ Mhfphu rS>hpX$hp„ ? M¡X|$s_¡ sp¡ Y$p¡f R>p¡L$fp„ X$p¡iu_¡ Ap âdpZ¡ M|b kdSpìep„ A¡V$g¡
bfpbf R>¡, `Z iy„ L$f¡... R|>V$L$p¡ S> _ lp¡e Ðep„ ?'' A¡dZ¡ lp `pX$u; `Z lp `pX$u_¡ Apìep `R>u ùv$e_p
KX$pZdp„\u A¡L$ S> k|f _uL$msp¡ lsp¡ : ""_p...
""sp¡ iy„ L$fy„ ? c|fu_¡ h¡Qu v$J ?'' k|fS>X$p¡iu _p... dpf¡ c|fu _\u h¡Qhu...''
hpf„hpf A¡_p¡ A¡ âï_ `|R>sp„ lsp„.
X$p¡iu_u [õ\rs kp`¡ R>Ry>„v$f Nþep S>¡hu \C
""X$p¡iu ! ApS>¡ _rl h¡Qp¡ sp¡ L$pg¡ h¡Qhu `X$i¡; lsu. s¡d_¡ c|fu_u dpep l¥ep\u R|>V$su _ lsu A_¡
c|fu_¡ Mhfphhp Ofdp„ sZMgy„e _ lsy„. sp¡e s¡dZ¡
Ap NX$d\g kpd¡ M|b V$½$f Tugu lsu. Npddp„\u
OZp„Mfp„A¡ Y$p¡f h¡Qu v$u^p„ lsp„. S>¡d_u `lp¢Q _lp¡su
s¡dZ¡ sp¡ OZp„ hl¡gp„ Y$p¡f L$pY$u _p¿ep„ lsp„. ""Sp¡CA¡
R>uA¡... \pe R>¡.'' L$l¡sp„ lsp„ s¡dZ¡e \pL$u_¡ Y$p¡f
h¡Qu v$u^p„ lsp„. S>¡d_u `pk¡ Opk_p¡ k„N°l lsp¡ A_¡
L|$hp_y„ kp^_ lsy„ s¡Ap¡ NSp âdpZ¡ A¡L$b¡ Y$p¡f fpMu_¡
b¡W$p lsp. S>¡d_u `pk¡ L„$C S> kp^_ _ lp¡e A_¡
Y$p¡f_¡ _ h¡Ãey„ lp¡e A¡hp„ ApMp Npddp„ A¡L$ k|fS>X$p¡iu
lsp„. s¡dZ¡ c|fu_¡ rS>hpX$hp iy„ _lp¡sy„ L$e¯y? Äep„ ky^u
Qfhp S>¡hy„ lsy„ Ðep„ ky^u sp¡ X$p¡iu c|fu_¡ gC_¡ kuddp„
_uL$mu S>sp„. M|Z¡Mp„Qf¡ afu hþep„ lsp„. ¼ep„e
sZMgy„e bpL$u fl¡hp v$u^y„ _ lsy„. hfkpv$ hNf Qpfp¡
¼ep„\u \pe ? ^fsudp„\u Adu QykpC Ney„ lp¡e A¡d
TpX$ `Z `p„Nfsp„ _ lsp„. k|fS>X$p¡iu `pk¡ `|mp _
lsp, ApNm`pR>m_y„ buSy>„ Opk _ lsy„. lh¡ iy„ L$fhy„?
c|fu_¡ iy„ MhX$phhy„ ? buSy>„ sp¡ L„$C lsy„ _l], A¡V$g¡

83

bphm, MuS>X$p¡ L¡$ A¡hp„ TpX$_p„ X$pmp„ L$p`u gphu, c|fu kp\¡. c|fu v|$^ Ap`su A¡dp„\u X$p¡iu_y„ Of Qpgsy„
s¡_p¡ L|$V$p¡ c|fu_¡ MhX$phhp gpÁep„. A_¡ c|fu lw„a Ap`su A¡\u A¡d_y„ MpguMd Æhsf
ce¯y fl¡sy„. Aphu c|fu_¡ _S>f ApNm\u AmNu L$fsp„
v$k¡L$ qv$hkdp„ sp¡ kuddp„ lsp„ A¡V$gp„ TpX$ X$p¡iu_y„ l¥ey„ L¡$d _ rQfpC Spe ?
byÌ$p„ \C Nep„. b^p„ X$pmp„`p„MX$p„ L$`pC Nep„. S>¡ _¡ s¡
L|$V$p¡ L$fsp„ lsp„. ^fsudp„\u d|rmep„ L$pY$u_¡ MhX$phsp„ khpfdp„ v$p'X$p¡ EÁep¡ li¡ _¡ hpkdp„ L|$sfp„
lsp„. A¡L$A¡L$ NpD afsp„ sp¡ "L|$V$p¡' fl¡hp v$u^p¡ _ ckhp gpÁep„. k|fS>X$p¡iu kdÆ Nep„ L¡$ _½$u c¢k_¡
lsp¡. k|fS>X$p¡iu `fp¡qY$e¡ EW¡$, A„^pfpdp„ _¡ A„^pfpdp„ g¡hphpmp¡ Apìep¡. A¡ hMs¡ s¡Ap¡ b¡W$p„b¡W$p„ c|fu_¡ NC
NpD-b¡-NpD sp¡ _uL$mu Spe. S>¡ds¡d L$fu_¡ X$pmp„, L$pg_p¡ h^¡gp¡ L|$V$p¡ Mhfphu füp„ lsp„. S>¡dZ¡ hÃQ¡
`p„MX$p„, d|rmep„ c¡Np„ L$f¡, b`p¡f¡ A¡_¡ L|$V¡$ A_¡ c|L$p¡ flu_¡ c¢k_p¡ kp¡v$p¡ `spìep¡ lsp¡ A¡ cpC A„v$f Apìep
L$fu_¡ MhX$ph¡. c|fu_¡ MhXphsp„ Spe _¡ hpsp¡ L$fsp„ A_¡ bp¡ëep :
Spe. Ap s¡d_p¡ r_Ðe¾$d lh¡ h^y Qpg¡ s¡d _ lsp¡.
Npd¡Npd Ap [õ\rs lsu. S>¡ _¡ s¡ TpX$_p„ X$pmp„ L$p`u ""X$p¡iu ! ëep¡, c|fu_¡ v$p¡fu Ap`p¡ A¡V$g¡ V$pY¡$-
S>sp„ lsp„. ApMp¡ âv¡$i h¡fp_ \C Nep¡. lsp¡. lÆ V$pY¡$ Ap gp¡L$p¡ S>sp fl¡.'' A_¡ g¡hphpmp_¡ Dsphm
sp¡ D_pmp¡ L$pY$hp_p¡ lsp¡. ApL$fpdp„ ApL$fp Qpf`p„Q lp¡e A¡d s¡ cpC `Z bp¡ëep :
drl_p L¡$hu fus¡ L$pY$hp ? k|fS>X$p¡iu_¡ `Z Ap ce
ksphu füp¡ lsp¡. buSp_u ApNm vy$:M fXé¡e ip¡ ""`p„Q-R> NpD_u gp„bZ¡ S>hp_y„ R>¡. b`p¡f
apev$p¡ ? s¡Ap¡ c|fu_¡ S> L$l¡sp„ : QX$sp„ `l¡gp„ Ðep„ `lp¢Qu S>hpe sp¡ kpfy„...'

""c|fu ! ApS>¡ sp¡ v$p¡Y$ NpD\u L|$V$p¡ gpC Ry>„, k|fS>X$p¡iu A¡d _¡ A¡d b¡ku füp„ lsp„. _hp
lp¢... iy„ L$fy„... hNX$pdp„ kd Mphpe gugy„ TpX$ füy„ dpZk_¡ Sp¡C c|fu O|„L$pqfep„ L$fsu lsu A_¡ aw„apX$p
_\u. L¡$ c|fu... D_pmp¡ L¡$d L$fu_¡ L$pY$iy„ ? lh¡ sy„e dpfsu lsu.
dpfu `¡W¡$ ApMp fp¡V$gp_¡ bv$g¡ aX$Q fp¡V$gp¡ Mp...
dpfu Jdf kpdy„ sp¡ Sp¡ ! OfX¡$ OX$`Z dpfp\u L¡$V$gu ""Np„X$u \C R>¡ L¡$ iy„ ? Apd Np„X$p L$fpsp„ li¡?''
lX$uAp¡ \pe ? kpQy„ L$üy„ Ry>„, c|fu ! lh¡ sp¡ dpfp\u c|fu_¡ W$`L$p¡ Ap`u X$p¡iuA¡ s¡_¡ dp\¡ lp\ a¡fìep¡.
L|$V$p¡ _\u \sp¡.'' A_¡ c|fu dp\y„ lgph¡ A¡V$g¡ L$l¡ : X$p¡iu_p iåv$p¡_u Spvy$C Akf \C lp¡e A¡d c|fu _uQy„
""lh¡ R>p_udp_u Mp, `¡V¡$ `pV$p bp„^u_¡ `Z spfy„ `¡V$ dp¢ L$fu Mphp gpNu. ""Sy>Ap¡, cpC ! d¢ dpfu c|fu_¡
cfui.'' v$uL$fu_u `¡W¡$ kpQhu R>¡. dpfu `„X¡$ d] L$p¡iuf L$fu li¡,
`Z c|fu_¡ L$v$u v$Mu L$fu _\u. ApS>\u c|fu_¡ sd_¡
`Z lh¡ sp¡ A¡ `Z \C iL¡$ s¡d _ lsy„. lX$uAp¡ kp¢`y„ Ry>„... A¡_¡ `pmSp¡, kpQhSp¡ A_¡ cNhp__¡
L$pY$hp R>sp„ "L|$V$p¡'e _ dm¡ `R>u iy„ L$fhy„ ? S>¡_¡ gu^¡ dp\¡ fpMu A¡_¡ vy$:Mu L$fip¡ _rl...''
s¡Ap¡ Æìep„ A_¡ A¡d_¡ gu^¡ S>¡ Æhu A¡ c|fu\u Sy>v$p„
\hy„ `X$i¡ ! k|fS>X$p¡iuA¡ k„kpfdp„ sX$L$uR>p„eX$u OZu ""A¡ iy„ bp¡ëep„, X$p¡iu... dpf¡ O¡f sp¡ sdpfu c|fu
Sp¡C lsu. f„X$p`pdp„ s¡dZ¡ Æhsf L¡$d L$pYéy„ lsy„ A¡ gugpgl¡f L$fi¡. b¡ sp¡ L|$hp R>¡. A¡ guguR>d S>¡hu Qpf
sp¡ A¡L$ A¡d_y„ d_ SpZsy„ lsy„. Sy>hp_u_p„ hjp£ A¡L$_u Mpi¡ A_¡ dSp L$fi¡ A_¡ dpf¡ sp¡ fpdfpÄe R>¡...''
A¡L$ v$uL$fu_u dpepdp„ rhspìep„ lsp„ A_¡ OX$`Zdp„
""bk spZ, dpf¡ A¡V$gy„ S> Sp¡h¡. d_¡ b¡ `¥kp
Ap¡R>p Apgip¡ sp¡ lz„ L„$C _rl bp¡gy„. `Z S>¡ v$p'X¡$ d_¡
kdpQpf dmi¡ L¡$ c|fu v$Mdp„ `X$u R>¡ s¡ v$p'X¡$ lz„ sdpfp

84

Ap„NZ¡\u c|fu_¡ v$p¡fu_¡ Qpgsu \Ci, lp...'' ""Ecp flp¡... A¡_¡ dpfip¡ _rl... lz„ v$p¡fu Ap`y„
Ry>„.''
v$uL$fu_p„ kpkqfep„_¡ cgpdZ L$fsp„ lp¡e A¡hu
cgpdZ X$p¡iu c|fu dpV¡$ L$fu füp„ lsp„. A_¡ v$uL$fu_¡ A_¡ X$p¡iu c|fu `pk¡ Nep„. c|fu L$pL$g|v$ucfu
dp s¡_¡ kpkf¡ h¡v$_pcep¯ l¥e¡ rhv$pe L$f¡ s¡ fus¡ c|fu_¡ Ap„M¡ X$p¡iu kpd¡ Sp¡C flu, SpZ¡ L$l¡su lsu :
Mug¡\u R>p¡X$u, Of blpf L$pY$u, AR>p¡X$p¡ s¡_p _hp ""dp ! d_¡ sfR>p¡X$ip¡ _rl... kyMdp„ L¡$ vy$:Mdp„ lz„
dprgL$_p lp\dp„ Ap`u v$u^p¡. sdpfp¡ kp\ _rl R>p¡Xy„$.''

Np¢v$fp ky^u k|fS>X$p¡iu kp\¡ Apìep„. afuafu_¡ X$p¡iuA¡ s¡_¡ `„`pmu A_¡ s¡_p L$p_dp„ L$üy„ :
X$p¡iu A¡_u A¡ cgpdZp¡ L$fsp„ lsp„. c|fu_p qX$g `f ""c|fu ! Sp, v$uL$fu ! dpf¡ O¡f lh¡ iy„ Mphp_y„ füy„
õ_¡lcu_p¡ lp\ a¡fìep L$fsp„ lsp„. c|fu_¡ AmNu L$fhu R>¡ s¡ dpep R>p¡X$su _\u ? Ðep„ sy„ kyMu \Ci. Sp,
Ndsu _ lsu A¡V$g¡ X$p¡iu hpsp¡ L$fhp_p blp_¡ c|fu b¡V$p ! Aphy„ sp¡ap_ s_¡ ip¡c¡ ?... Sp, X$plu \C_¡
`pk¡\u Mksp„ S> _ lsp„. `¡gpA¡ b¡ÓZ hpf L$üy„ : ApNm l¢X$...''

""X$p¡iu ! Adpf¡ dp¡Xy„$ \pe R>¡. lh¡ sd¡ `pR>p„ A_¡ X$p¡iuA¡ ApNm Qpghp_u Bipfs L$fu.
hmp¡.'' `¡gpA¡ v$p¡fhp OZpe âeÐ_ L$ep®, `Z c|fuA¡ X$N _
ce¯y s¡ _ S> ce¯y. c|fu sp¡ hmu-hmu_¡ X$p¡iu_p¡ lp\
A_¡ c¢k_p lp„L$hphpmpA¡ X$QL$pfp¡ bp¡gpìep¡. QpV$su lsu. X$p¡iu_p l¥epdp„ dp¢ Ry>`phu v$ep epQsu
lsu.
""Sp, c|fu, kyMu \S>¡... Ap`Zp„ A„S>m`pZu
lsp„ s¡V$gy„ kp\¡ füp„. Ap`Zp„ A„S>m`pZu M|Vép„,
_'L$f Aphp¡ hMs Aph¡ Mfp¡?'' X$p¡iu_u Ap„Mdp„
TmTrmep„ Aphu Nep„, c|fu `Z hps_¡ kdÆ NC
lp¡e s¡d ApNm h^hp_¡ bv$g¡ `pR>p„ X$N cfhp gpNu.

A¡L$ S>Z c¢k_¡ M¢Qsp¡ lsp¡, buSp¡ `pR>m\u
X$QL$pfp¡ bp¡gphsp¡. ^ud¡\u dpfsp¡ lsp¡. `¡gp OÏ„e
d\sp lsp, `Z c|fu ApNm X$N cfsu _ lsu.
`¡gp_¡ MuS> QX$u s¡ Sp¡f\u dpfhp gpÁep¡, c|fu huafu.
s¡ fp„Y$hy„ R>p¡X$phhp L|$v$L$p dpfhp gpNu, v$p¡fhphpmp_¡
dpfhp v$p¡X$su lp¡e s¡d i]NX$p„ KQp„ L$fu aw„apX$p dpfhp
gpNu.

Npddp„\u OZu c¢kp¡ h¡QpC lsu, Ap S> Np¢v$f¡
\C g¡_pfp v$p¡fu Nep lsp. `Z L$p¡CA¡ c|fu S>¡hp¡
D^dps _lp¡sp¡ L$ep£. Ap sp¡ lW$ugu lp¡e s¡d X$N
cfsu _ lsu. c|fu sp¡ap_ L$fhp gpNu, A¡V$g¡ `¡gpA¡
D`fpR>`fu b¡ÓZ gpL$X$uAp¡ gNphu v$u^u. A¡ Sp¡C_¡
k|fS>X$p¡iu_p¡ Æh L$`pC Nep¡.

85

""A¡ A¡d _rl Qpg¡... aV$L$pep¯ hNf s¡ X$p¡by„ ""`Z...'' s¡d_p Ly$Vy„$buAp¡ hÃQ¡ bp¡gu EWép„.
Qpgsy„ li¡ L¡$ ?'' A_¡ s¡_p g¡_pf¡ gpL$X$u dpfu_¡ c¢k_¡
M¢Qhp_y„ L$üy„. X$p¡iu sfa afu_¡ s¡ bp¡ëep¡ : ""X$p¡iu ! ""`Z _¡ bZ. dpfp Æhsp sp¡ c|fu dpfp\u
sd¡ S>fp ApOp fl¡Sp¡. A¡ sd_¡ Sp¡C_¡ l¢X$su _\u.'' Sy>v$u _rl \pe. dpfp dfu Nep `R>u sdpf¡ S>¡ L$fhy„ lp¡e
s¡ L$fSp¡.'' A_¡ kpd¡ afu_¡ X$p¡iu bp¡ëep„ : ""sdpfp
ÓZQpf S>Zp X$p¡iu ApNm Ecp füp _¡ s¡d_¡ `¥kp `pR>p gC S>Sp¡; dpf¡ c|fu h¡Qu_¡ `¡V$ _\u cfhy„.
Y$p„L$u v$u^p„. D`fpD`fu gpL$X$uAp¡ `X$hp gpNu. c|fu Mphp_y„ _rl dm¡ sp¡ b¡e S>Zp„ c|M¡ dfu S>Ciy„... g¡,
L|$v$L$p dpfsu lsu, `|R>Xy„$ DR>pmsu lsu. Æh AL$mpC Qpg, v$uL$fu...''
Nep¡ lp¡e A¡d s¡ cpNu S>hp lX$uAp¡ L$pY$su lsu.
k|fS>X$p¡iu ApX¡$ dpZkp¡_y„ Ap¡Wy„$ lsy„. c|fu_u `uW$ `f c|fu_p¡ lfM dpsp¡ _ lp¡e A¡d X$p¡iu_u ApNm
`X¡$gu gpL$X$uAp¡ s¡d_p bfX$pdp„ `X$su lp¡e A¡d s¡Ap¡ \C s¡ Qpghp d„X$u.
fX$sp„ lsp„.
A¡ b„_¡_¡ S>sp„ Sp¡C L$p¡CL¡$ L$üy„ :
`¡gp gp¡L$p¡ dpfudpfu_¡ \p¼ep X$p¡iu\u `Z lh¡
sp¡ Æfhpsy„ _ lsy„. s¡Ap¡ A¡L$v$d ApNm Apìep„ A_¡ ""X$p¡iu lp\¡ L$fu_¡ L|$hpdp„ `X¡$ R>¡. A¡e dfi¡ _¡
bp¡ëep„ : "gphp¡, AR>p¡X$p¡ dpfp lp\dp„ Ap`p¡... Sy>Ap¡, c|fu_¡e dpfi¡...''
A¡ l¢X¡$ R>¡ L¡$ _rl...'' A_¡ S>sp„L$ X$p¡iuA¡ AR>p¡X$p¡
lp\dp„ gu^p¡ A_¡ Npd cZu Qpghp d„Xép„. `Z k|fS>X$p¡iu c|fu_¡ Mug¡ bp„^u Sy>vy„$ S> L$l¡sp„
lsp„ :
""`Z, X$p¡iu ! Ap iy„ L$fp¡ R>p¡ ?... sd¡ L$C
bpSy> v$p¡fu SpAp¡ R>p¡ ?'' ""c|fu ! A„S>m`pZu dp¡V$u hps R>¡. A„S>m li¡
Ðep„ gNZ sp¡ Ap`Z_¡ L$p¡C Sy>vy„$ L$fhp_y„ _\u. AphX$u
""lz„ dpfp O¡f v$p¡fu SpJ Ry>„... dpf¡ c|fu_¡ _\u dp¡V$u ^fsu `X$u R>¡. Nd¡ Ðep„ S>C_¡ `¡V$ cfiy„...
h¡Qhu...'' c|fu ! dpfu c|fu ! s_¡ AmNu _rl L$fy„ lp¢ !''

A_¡ c|fu dp_y„ l¡s Tugsu lj®_p„ Ap„ky r_spfu
flu lsu.

õhpÝepe

1. hpsp®_p Ap^pf¡ gMp¡. 2. ApL©$rs b„^ `|Z® L$fp¡.
(1) k|fS>X$p¡iu_u v¥$r_L$ âh©rs vy$L$pm v$frdep_ k|fS>X$p¡iu_p¡ r_Ðe¾$d
(2) k|fS>X$p¡iuA¡ c|fu_p Mfuv$_pf_¡ L$f¡gu cgpdZ
(3) `p¡s¡ buSp kp\¡ _l] Spe s¡ v$ip®hhp c|fuA¡ L$f¡gy„ hs®_
(4) c|fu_¡ v$p¡fu S>hp lp„L$_pf¡ L$f¡gp âeÐ_.

3. "X$p¡iu_u [õ\rs kp`¡ R>Ry>„v$f Nþep S>¡hu \C lsu' - rh^p_ sdpfp iåv$p¡dp„ kdSphp¡.
4. c|fu_¡ `p¡sp_u kp\¡ fpMhp k|fS>X$p¡iuA¡ L$f¡gp âeÐ_p¡ gMp¡.
5. "vy$L$pmN°õs âv¡$i - A¡L$ L$fyZsp' sdpfp¡ ds gMp¡.
6. dp_h A_¡ `iy hÃQ¡_p¡ gpNZu_p¡ k„b„^ v$ip®hsp¡ L$p¡C âk„N gMp¡.

86

2. iluv$_p¡ v$uL$fp¡

dp¡l_gpg `V¡$g

kprlÐeL$pf A_¡ rinZL$pf_p kycN kdÞhe dp¡l_gpg `V¡$g_p¡ S>Þd 25 A¡râg, 1927_p fp¡S>
\ep¡ lsp¡. s¡dZ¡ NyS>fpsu kprlÐe_p V|„$L$u hpsp®, gOyL$\p, _hgL$\p, r_b„^ QqfÓg¡M_, rhh¡Q_ S>¡hp
rhrh^ n¡Óp¡_y„ M¡X$pZ L$e¯y R>¡, "lhp syd ^uf¡ blp¡', "l¡s_p„ `pfMp', "dp¡V$u hlz', "V|„$L$u hpsp® dudp„kp',
"A„rsd v$u`' s¡d_u SpZusu L©$rsAp¡ R>¡.

S>d_p_p¡ `rs ApTpv$u_u gX$sdp„ kpdu v$p¡j Sp¡hp gpNu.
R>psuA¡ b„v|$L$_u Np¡mu MpC_¡ iluv$ \ep¡ lsp¡.
Npd ApMy„ A¡_p _pd_u BÄS>s L$fsy„ lsy„. Npd_u fp¡S> kp„S>¡ L¡$ khpf¡ L$p¡C A¡_¡ dS|>fuA¡ gC S>hp
âp\rdL$ A_¡ dpÝerdL$ ipmpAp¡dp„ õhps„Ôe qv$_¡ dpV¡$ _½$u L$fhp Aphsy„ Ðepf¡, A¡ `fZu_¡ Ap Ofdp„
A_¡ âSpkÑpL$ qv$hk¡ ÝhS>h„v$_ `R>u_p„ âhQ_p¡dp„ Aphu A¡ hMs¡ `rsA¡ L$l¡gu OZuOZu hpsp¡ A¡_¡
A¡_y„ M|b Av$b`|h®L$ õdfZ \sy„. epv$ Aphu S>su. `rs A¡ hMs¡ bu.A¡._p R>¡ëgp
hj®dp„ lsp¡. bu.A¡. \ep `R>u A¡ hL$ugps_p¡ Aæepk
`Z S>d_p, `rs rhi¡_u hps _uL$msp„ S> L$fhp_p¡ lsp¡. dp¡V$p¡ hL$ug b_u_¡ M|b L$dphp_p¡ lsp¡.
_pfpS> \C S>su. `rs_u hps Qpgsu lp¡e Ðep„\u dp¡cp¡, ^_, b„Ngp¡, NpX$u...
EW$u_¡ Qpghp dp„X$su. ¼epf¡L$ sp¡ A^ufu b_u_¡ `rs
rhi¡ hps L$f_pf_¡ Q|` \C S>hp L$l¡su. A¡ b^y„ epv$ L$fu_¡ A¡ `rs_¡ ip`su lsu
A\hp sp¡ `rs_¡ ip`hp dpV¡$ S> A¡ b^y„ epv$ L$fsu
S>d_p_p Ap hgZ_¡ Npdgp¡L$p¡ `pNg`Ï„ L¡$ lsu. õhà_p„ rR>Þ_rcÞ_ \C Nep„ lsp„ A_¡ armepdp„
S>X$spdp„ M`phsp A_¡ A¡_p D`f sfk Mpsp. `Z kp¥\u Nfub A_¡ L„$Npm [õ\rsdp„ qv$hkp¡ `kpf
S>d_p A¡_p d_dp„ A¡L$v$d õ`óV$ lsu - gÁ_ `R>u L$fhp_u lpgs \C lsu.
`|fp„ b¡ hj® `Z \ep„ _lp¡sp„ A_¡ `rsA¡ `p¡sp_p¡ L¡$
bpmL$ Sy>Ng_p¡ L$ip¡ S> rhQpf L$ep® hNf, Ap„Mp¡ A¡L$ qv$hk Npd_p b¡ eyhp_p¡ S>d_p `pk¡
d]Qu_¡ Æh a¢L$u v$u^p¡ R>¡. r_cph dpV¡$ S>du_- Apìep. A¡_u `pk¡ A¡_p õhN®õ\ `rs_p¡ ap¡V$p¡N°pa
SpNuf L¡$ fp¡L$X$ c„Xp¡m L$iy„ _lp¡sy„. fl¡hp dpV¡$ a¼s A¡L$ dpÁep¡.
Mp¡fXy„$-_rmep„hpmy„ Of... `rs `p¡sp_¡ fTmsu d|L$u_¡
Qpëep¡ Nep¡ R>¡. S>d_pA¡ b¡v$fL$pfu\u `|Rey„ : "A¡d_p ap¡V$p_¡
sdpf¡ iy„ L$fhp¡ R>¡ ?'
A_¡ A¡dp„e ApTpv$u `R>u kde bv$gpsp„
L$ped_y„ v¡$hpdp„ X|$b¡gy„ gp¡L$ b¡ `p„v$X¡$ \hp gpÁey„ A_¡ "gÿdZcpC_p¡ Ap¡Cg `¡CÞV$ L$f¡gp¡ ap¡V$p¡
`p¡sp_u [õ\rs A¡_u A¡ flu, Ðepf¡ A¡_p d_dp„ fl¡gu `„QpesOfdp„ d|L$hp_p¡ W$fph \ep¡ R>¡. A¡d_p¡ ap¡V$p¡ sp¡
`¡gu Ak„sp¡j_u gpNZu kp\¡ Cjp®_p¡ A[Á_ `Z R>¡ _¡?'
cþep¡ A_¡ `p¡sp_u Ap [õ\rs dpV¡$ `rs_p¡ hpf„hpf
"ap¡V$p¡ R>¡, `Z Ap`hp_p¡ _\u.'

"L¡$d ?'

"_\u Ap`hp¡, buSy>„ iy„ ?'

87

Ap Sy>hp_p¡_¡ S>d_p_u Mbf sp¡ lsu, `Z d_dp„ A¡V$gu b^u DR>pmp dpfu flu lsu L¡$ Of¡ Aphu
ApV$gu lv$ ky^u A¡ S>C iL¡$ A¡hu L$ë`_p A¡d_¡ _¡ A¡ rhj¡ dp_¡ L$l¡hp_u BÃR>p A¡ v$bphu i¼ep¡ _l].
_lp¡su. A¡Z¡ L$üy„ : ""bp, sy„ bpgycpC_¡ Ap¡mM¡ R>¡ ?''

A¡L$ S>Z¡ L$üy„ : "S>d_pL$pL$u, Apdp„ sp¡ ""¼ep bpgycpC ?''
gÿdZcpC âÐe¡_y„ F>Z a¡X$pe R>¡.'
""dy„bC fl¡ R>¡. dp¡V$p h¡`pfu R>¡.''
"A_¡ sdpf¡ sp¡ A¡dp„ Nh® g¡hp S>¡hy„ R>¡.'' buSp¡
Sy>hp_ bp¡ëep¡. ""lp, A¡d_¡ Ap¡mMy„ Ry>„.''

"Mbfv$pf...' S>d_p A¡L$pA¡L$ spX|$L$u EW$u. ""A¡ bp`y_u kp\¡ cZsp ?''

b¡ `m sp¡ Sy>hp_p¡ Q|` \C Nep. `R>u A¡L¡$ S>d_p_u Ap„M `lp¡mu \C. R>p¡L$fpA¡ A¡ Sp¡ey„.
L$üy„ : "sd¡ Ad_¡ ap¡V$p¡ _l] Ap`p¡ sp¡ Npd_p hX$ug L¡$ A¡V$g¡\u S> A¡ hps AV$L$phu v¡$s, `Z A¡ qL$ip¡fdp„
ApN¡hp_p¡ A¡ g¡hp Aphi¡.' A¡hu L„$C AphX$s _lp¡su. A¡ sp¡ dp kpd¡ Sp¡C füp¡.

"sp¡ A¡d_¡ `Z dZ_u Sp¡Mui.' L$lu Ap dpA¡ R>ZL$p¡ L$fu_¡ L$üy„ : ""... s¡ spf¡ iy„ L$l¡hy„
R>p¡L$fpAp¡_¡ V$pmhp S> SpZ¡, S>d_p `pZu cfhp_p R>¡ ?''
rdj¡ Of blpf Qpgu NC.
""ApS>¡ A¡ Adpfu õL|$gdp„ Apìep lsp.''
Sy>hp_p¡_¡ Ðep„\u r_fpi \C_¡ `pR>p afhy„ `Xéy„.
""lh¡ A¡ W$N_y„ dpfu ApNm _pd _ gCi. b^p
`pZu cfu_¡ Apìep `R>u S>d_pA¡ `rs_p¡ bv$dpi A_¡ Qp¡f R>¡. spfp bp`p_¡ A¡ b^pA¡ S> c¡Np
ap¡V$p¡N°pa S>¡ A¡L$ b¡N_p srme¡ lsp¡ s¡ Ðep„\u Mk¡X$u_¡ dmu_¡ i|muA¡ QY$pìep A_¡ Ap`Z_¡ fTmsp„ L$fu
buÆ A¡L$ S|>_u b¡N_p srme¡ d|L$u v$u^p¡. SpZ¡ h^pf¡ d|¼ep„. bp`dp„ A½$g _l] Ðepf¡ _¡... `¡gp b^p_p
ANd S>ÁepA¡ k„spX$su lp¡e ! fhpX¡$ QYép _ lp¡s sp¡ ApS> sdpfu Aphu v$ip _
lp¡s... sy„ "bp` bp`' L$fu füp¡ R>¡. Mbfv$pf, lh¡ Sp¡
Sy>Ng_u [õ\rs Sy>v$u lsu. Ofdp„ dp r`sp D`f A¡ bpgyapgy_u hps L$fu R>¡ sp¡.''
v$p¡jpfp¡jZ L$fsu `Z õL|$gdp„ sp¡ r`sp_p„ NyZNp_ S>
kp„cmhp„ dmsp„, õL|$gdp„ L$p¡C `Z dl¡dp_ Aph¡ Ðepf¡ R>p¡L$fpA¡ õL|$gdp„ bpgycpC_¡ Ap„ky g|R>sp„
A¡_p¡ "iluv$_p v$uL$fp' sfuL¡$ Mpk `qfQe A`psp¡, Sp¡ep lsp. hmu, A¡d_u hpZudp„ ùv$e_p¡ DdmL$p¡
dl¡dp_ `Z `p¡sp_p âhQ_dp„ iluv$ gÿdZ_p¡ lsp¡ A¡V$g¡ R>p¡L$fp¡ A¡V$gp¡ b^p¡ âcprhs \ep¡ lsp¡
Dëg¡M Ahíe L$fsp. OZu hpf v$uL$fp¡ õL|$gdp„ \su L¡$ A¡d_y„ âhQ_ `p¡sp_u kdN° Q¡s_p Üpfp `u füp¡
Aphu b^u hpsp¡ rhj¡ dp_¡ L$l¡hp BÃR>sp¡, `Z dp_p¡ lsp¡. AÐepf ky^u OZp_¡ r`sp_u âi„kp L$fsp„ A¡Z¡
Ql¡fp¡ Sp¡sp„ S> A¡_u Æc rkhpC S>su. A¡L$ hMs kp„cþep lsp. A¡ Üpfp A¡_p r`sp_u A¡_p rQÑdp„
Npd_p S> A¡L$ N©lõ\ S>¡ ApTpv$u_u Qmhmdp„ cpN A¡L$ R>bu S>ê$f A„qL$s \C lsu. `Z ApS>¡ sp¡
gC Q|¼ep lsp A_¡ gÿdZ_p NpY$ `qfQedp„ lsp bpgycpCA¡ A¡ R>budp„ SpZ¡ L¡$ âpZârsóW$p S> L$fu
A¡dZ¡ `p¡sp_p âhQ_dp„ gÿdZ rhj¡ OZu hpsp¡ v$u^u !
L$fu. A¡_u kp\¡_p„ k„õdfZp¡ hZ®hsp„ A¡ NmNmp
\C Nep _¡ Ap„M EcfpC Aphu. Ap hps Sy>Ng_p bpgycpC_p âhQ_ `R>u R>p¡L$fp_¡ `p¡sp_p
r`sp rhi¡ h^pf¡ SpZhp_u A¡L$ A^ufpCcfu DÐL„$W$p
S> SpNu lsu _¡ A¡ âhQ_ v$frdep_ SpN¡gy„ L$p¥syL$

88

kdphhp ApS>¡ A¡ ASpÎe¡ `Z dp_p¡ Apîe g¡hp `yõsL$p¡, _p¡V$byL$p¡ hN¡f¡ b^y„e dpA¡ `õsuhpmp_¡
dpNsp¡ lsp¡. ¼ep khpgp¡ A¡ `|R>hp dpNsp¡ lsp¡ Ap`u v$u^y„ lsy„. A¡_u A¡L$ ApR>u õd©rs A¡_p rQÑdp„
A¡_u A¡_¡ L$iu Mbf _lp¡su. A¡_¡ sp¡ d_dp„ SpN¡gy„ S>mhpC flu lsu. A¡L$ qv$hk A¡_¡ r`sp_p¡ `¡gp¡
L$p¥syL$ S> kdphhy„ lsy„. S>¡d bpgycpC bp¡ëe¡ Nep A_¡ ap¡V$p¡N°pa Sp¡hp_u BÃR>p \C Aphu. dpA¡ A¡_¡ b¡Ndp„
A¡ A¡d_u hpZu `usp¡ füp¡ A¡hu S> L$iuL$ sfk\u d|L¡$g lsp¡ A¡_u A¡_¡ Mbf lsu. dp ¼ep„L$ blpf
A¡Z¡ dp ApNm Ap hps R>¡X$u lsu. r`sp_u hps NC lsu Ðepf¡ A¡Z¡ `¡gu b¡N a¢v$hp dp„X$u. A¡_u Ap
_uL$msp„ S> dp Nyõk¡ \C Spe R>¡ A¡V$gy„ sp¡ A¡ kdS>sp¡ d\pdZ Qpgsu lsu A¡ v$frdep_ dp Aphu QY$u. "iy„
\ep¡ lsp¡. `Z `¡gp Ly$s|lg_y„ Sp¡f A¡V$gy„ sp¡ âbm lsy„ Mp¡m¡ R>¡, Sy>Ng ?' A¡Z¡ `|Re„y.
L¡$ A¡ dp ApNm bpgycpC_u hps L$pYép hNf flu
i¼ep¡ _lp¡sp¡. `Z dp bfpbf A¡_u fus âdpZ¡ S> AÐepf ky^udp„ Sy>Ng_p d_dp„ A¡L$ k„õL$pf
Nyõk¡ \C NC A_¡ R>p¡L$fp¡ L$iy„ S> _ L$lu i¼ep¡, L$iy„ sp¡ ×Y$ \C Q|¼ep¡ lsp¡ L¡$ `p¡s¡ A¡L$ iluv$_p¡ `yÓ R>¡.
`|R>u _ i¼ep¡. iluv$_p¡ `yÓ AkÐe bp¡g¡ _l]. `p¡s¡ S>¡ hõsy ip¡^u
füp¡ lsp¡ A¡ L$lu v¡$hpdp„ Sp¡Md lsy„ A¡ kdS>sp¡
`Z qv$hk¡qv$hk¡ R>p¡L$fp_y„ r`sp sfa_y„ M¢QpZ lsp¡, `Z kp\¡ kp\¡ b¡Ndp„ A¡ ap¡V$p¡ _lp¡sp¡ A¡V$g¡
lh¡ h^hp gpÁe„y. S>¡dS>¡d A¡_u kdS>Z h^su A¡_y„ iy„ \ey„ A¡ SpZhy„ `Z S>ê$fu lsy„. \p¡X$u nZp¡
NC, s¡ds¡d A¡ M¢QpZ h^sy„ füy„. A¡L$ ap¡V$p rkhpe ky^u S>hpb Ap`hp bpbsdp„ A¡ qÜ^pdp„ füp¡ A¡V$g¡
r`sp_u L$p¡C r_ip_u Ofdp„ v¡$Mpsu _lp¡su. r`sp_p„ dpA¡ Nyõkpdp„ L$üy„ :

"bp¡gsp¡ L¡$d _\u ?' dp¡Y$pdp„ dN cep® R>¡ ? '

lh¡ SyNg¡ S>hpb Apàep¡ : "bp`y_p¡ ap¡V$p¡
ip¡^sp¡ lsp¡.'

"A¡ ap¡V$p_¡ spf¡ iy„ L$fhp¡ R>¡ ?'

"Sp¡hp¡ R>¡.'

"A¡dp„ iy„ Sp¡hp_y„ R>¡ ? s¢ _\u Sp¡ep¡ ?'

"_p, bp`y_p¡ ap¡V$p¡ Ap b¡Ndp„ R>¡ A¡V$gu Mbf
lsu, `Z s¢ d_¡ L$v$u bspìep¡ _\u.'

"Sp¡hp_u S>ê$f `Z _\u.'

"A¡ ap¡V$p¡ s_¡ _l] dm¡.'

"R>¡ sp¡ Mfp¡ _¡ ?'

"R>¡, A¡ b¡N kfMu L$f. b^y„ lsy„ s¡d Np¡W$hu
_pM.'

Sy>Ng¡ k|Q_p âdpZ¡ b^y„ Np¡W$hu v$u^y„.

A¡ qv$hk¡ Sy>Ng õL|$gdp„ Nep¡ A¡ `R>u
S>d_pA¡ S>¡ b¡Ndp„ `¡gp¡ ap¡V$p¡N°pa k„spXép¡ lsp¡ A¡

89

b¡N DOpX$u. A¡Z¡ A¡ ap¡V$p¡ L$pYép¡ A_¡ s¡_p sfa Sp¡C "bp, dpfp bp`y Aphp lsp ?'
flu. cfphv$pf Ql¡fp¡, dp¡V$u dp¡V$u s¡S>õhu Ap„Mp¡,
hpm L$pmp„ cçdf Sy>ëap„, A¡L$ gV$ L$`pm D`f T|gsu "lp, b¡V$p, ap¡V$p¡ Nd¡ R>¡ ?'
lp¡e A¡d b„qL$d b_u_¡ Esfu Aphu lsu...' S>d_p
A¡ Sp¡C flu. l¡sy rh_p Sp¡su lp¡e A¡d. A¡_¡ V$uL$u "lp, blz S>.'
V$uL$u_¡ Sp¡hy„ _lp¡sy„. R>sp„ Sp¡C flu lsu. M|b TX$`\u
ifuf gC fl¡gp¡ Sy>Ng S> SpZ¡ A¡dp„ v¡$Mpsp¡ lsp¡. "spfu `pk¡ A¡ fpM.'
huk hj£ L$v$pQ Sy>Ng_p¡ S> Ap ap¡V$p¡ li¡. A¡ Sy>Ng_p
ap¡V$p D`f S> T|L$u flu lp¡e A¡d bp¡gue Mfu : "ê$`pmp¡ "v$uhpg D`f V$p„NuA¡ sp¡ ?'
`Z A¡hp¡ S> R>¡ A_¡ cZhpdp„ `Z A¡hp¡ lp¡riepf.
L$v$pQ h^pf¡...' "_p, d¡X$u D`f spfu `¡V$udp„ fpMS>¡.'

A¡Z¡ L$pQ D`f gpN¡gp¡ ^ydpX$p¡ cu_p L$`X$p\u v$uhpg D`f ip¡cp b_u fl¡ A¡hp ap¡V$p_¡
kpa L$ep£. ä¡d D`f\u L$pmpi `Z bfpbf Oku Oku_¡ `¡V$udp„ `|fu fpMhp_u Ap qL$ip¡f_u BÃR>p _lp¡su.
kpa L$fu A_¡ `R>u ANpD lsp¡ A¡ b¡Ndp„ d|¼ep¡. SpZ¡ `Z AÐepf¡ dp ApNm A¡ L$iu v$gug L$fhp dpNsp¡
Sy>Ng_p¡ ap¡V$p¡ d|L$su lp¡e A¡d. _lp¡sp¡. hMs¡ dm¡g MSp_p¡ g|„V$pC Spe. dp_u BÃR>p
âdpZ¡ A¡ ap¡V$p_¡ A¡ d¡X$u D`f gC Nep¡.
kp„S>¡ Sy>Ng õL|$g¡\u Apìep¡ A_¡ _põsp¡ L$ep®
`R>u blpf S>sp¡ lsp¡ A¡ hMs¡ A¡_¡ fp¡L$u_¡ S>d_pA¡ b¡ qv$hk `R>u b`p¡f_p kde¡ S>d_p d¡X$u D`f
L$üy„ : ""spfp bp`y_p¡ ap¡V$p¡ Sp¡hp¡ lsp¡ _¡ ?'' NC. Ðepf¡ A¡_u _S>f Sy>Ng_p cZsf_u S>Áep
sfa S>sp„ [õ\f \C NC. Sy>Ng_p Aæepk dpV¡$_p
Sy>Ng_p d_dp„ A¡L$ ^°põL$p¡ `Xép¡. kpd¡ Qpgu_¡ CõL$p¡sfp D`f v$uhpg_¡ V¡$L$hu_¡ `rs_p¡ ap¡V$p¡ Np¡W$h¡gp¡
bp Apd L¡$d `|R>su lsu ? A¡Z¡ ap¡V$p¡ apX$u sp¡ _l] lsp¡ A_¡ A¡_p D`f k|sf_u Ap„V$u_p¡ lpf gV$L$sp¡
_p¿ep¡ lp¡e _¡ ? Sy>Ng¡ busp„ busp„ L$üy„ : "lp.' lsp¡. afu A¡L$ hpf S>d_p A¡ ap¡V$p sfa V$uL$u V$uL$u_¡
Sp¡C flu. A¡_p d_dp„ iy„ Qpgu füy„ lsy„ A¡ `p¡s¡ `Z
S>d_p Sy>Ng_¡ A„v$f gC NC. b¡N DOpX$u_¡ kdÆ iL$su _lp¡su. A¡ dpÓ bbX$u : Aphp¡ Ap sp¡,
`¡gp¡ ap¡V$p¡ A¡_p lp\dp„ d|¼ep¡. A¡_p bp` D`f Np„X$p¡ \C Qpëep¡ R>¡ ! `R>u CõL$p¡sfp
ApNm `p\f¡gp L„$sp_ D`f rhMfpe¡gp„ `yõsL$p¡ A¡Z¡
ApS> SpZ¡ `l¡gu hpf `p¡sp_p r`sp_¡ Sp¡sp¡ kfMp„ L$fu_¡ d|¼ep„. A¡ `yõsL$p¡ rhj¡ S>d_p SpZu
lp¡e A¡d Sy>Ng A¡ ap¡V$p kpd¡ spL$u füp¡ A_¡ ApS> iL$u lp¡s sp¡ A¡ EL$mu EW$s. A¡ b^p„ ¾$p„rshufp¡ A_¡
ky^u ^uf¡^uf¡ d_dp„ kfÆ fpM¡gu r`sp_u R>bu kp\¡ fpóV²$`yfyjp¡_p„ QqfÓ `yõsL$p¡ lsp„.
ap¡V$pdp„_p Ql¡fp_u A¡L¡$A¡L$ `¡iu kfMphsp¡ lp¡e A¡d
r_lpmsp¡ füp¡. kp„S>¡ Sy>Ng O¡f Apìep¡ Ðepf¡ hmu S>d_p A¡_u
Mbf g¡hp dp„X$u : "spfp bp`y_p¡ ap¡V$p¡ spfu `¡V$udp„
khpf¡ v$uL$fp_¡ _pfpS> L$ep®_p f„S>_y„ kpVy„$ hpmsu fpMhp_y„ s_¡ _lp¡sy„ L$üy„ ?'
lp¡e A¡d S>d_p Sy>Ng_¡ V$Nf V$Nf Sp¡C flu.
"L$üy„ lsy„.'
dp-v$uL$fp¡ `p¡s`p¡sp_u fus¡ AÐe„s âkÞ_
lsp„. OZu `mp¡ Apd husu NC. `R>u v$uL$fp¡ bp¡ëep¡ : "sp¡ `R>u A¡_¡ CõL$p¡sfp D`f L¡$d Np¡W$ìep¡ ?'

Sy>Ng¡ L$ip¡ S>hpb Apàep¡ _l].

dpA¡ L$üy„ : "`¡gu k|sf_u Ap„V$u ¼ep„\u gpìep¡?'

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"Adpfp A¡L$ kpl¡b `pk¡\u. A¡ fp¡S> b¡ L$gpL$ v|$f v¡$MpC fl¡gp¡ ce _ÆL$ Aphsp¡ v¡$Mpep¡. _½$u Ap
L$p„s¡ R>¡.' R>p¡L$fp¡ A¡_p bp`_p `Ng¡`Ng¡ S> Qpghp gpÁep¡
R>¡...
A¡dZ¡ s_¡ A¡ ip dpV¡$ Ap`u ?'
Sy>Ng OZp kpfp NyZ\u A¡k.A¡k.ku. `pk
"d¢ dpNu A¡V$g¡ A¡dZ¡ Myi \C_¡ Ap`u.' \ep¡ A_¡ A¡ `R>u L$p¸g¡S>dp„ v$pMg \hp_p¡ âï_
Aphu_¡ Ecp¡ füp¡.
dp L$ipL$ rhQpfdp„ Mp¡hpC A¡V$g¡ A¡ Q|` flu.
dp_¡ ip„s Sp¡C Sy>Ng¡ A¡_u k„drs d¡mhhp_p l¡sy\u dp L$p¸g¡S>_p _pd\u S> cX$L$su lsu. A¡Z¡
`|Re„y : "bp, ap¡V$p¡ S>¡d R>¡ A¡d fl¡hp v$J _¡ ?' Sy>Ng_¡ L$üy„ : "cpC, Ap`Z¡ L$p¸g¡S>-bp¸g¡S> L„$C
L$fhu _\u.'
"fl¡hp v¡$S>¡. `Z spf¡ spfp bp` S>¡hp \hp_y„
_\u.' "A¡d L¡$d, bp ?'

"L¡$d ?' A¡L$pA¡L$ A_¡ c|g\u S> Sy>Ng¡ âï_ "A¡ Ap`Ï„ NSy>„ _l].'
`|R>u _p¿ep¡.
"sy„ MQ®_u hps L$f¡ R>¡ ?'
"Of_p dpZk_¡ fTmsp L$fhp_p¡ ^„^p¡ Ap`Z¡
_\u L$fhp¡.' "lp, L$p¸g¡S> cZhp sy„ Adv$phpv$ Spe.
Adv$phpv$_p¡ MQ® L$pY$hp¡ ¼ep„\u ? sy„ spf¡ _p_u dp¡V$u
"sy„ d|„TpCi _l], bp. lz„ s_¡ L$v$u fTmhp _l] S>¡ dm¡ s¡ _p¡L$fu S> gC g¡.'
v$J.'
"MQ®_u sy„ tQsp ip dpV¡$ L$f¡ R>¡, bp ? d_¡
"lz„ sp¡ fTmu Q|L$u, spfu `pR>m_p_u hps L$fy„ õL$p¡gfiu` dmi¡. cZhp_u kp\¡ lz„ L$iy„L$ L$pd ip¡^u
Ry>„.' gCi. R>¡hV¡$ R>p`p„_u a¡fu L$fui A_¡ lp¡õV¡$g_p MQ®
dpV¡$ bpgyL$pL$pA¡ kr^epfp¡ Apàep¡ R>¡.'
Sy>Ng \p¡X$p¡ k„L$p¡Qpep¡. `Z hps_p¡ v$p¡f bv$ëep
rkhpe A¡ bp¡ëep¡ : "Sp¡S>¡ _¡ bp, lh¡ ir_-frh lz„ S>d_p_u Ap„M `lp¡mu \C.
dS|>fuA¡ S>Ci A_¡ s_¡ AW$hpqX$epdp„ b¡ qv$hk
Apfpd Ap`ui.' "sy„ bpgycpC_¡ L$pNm gM¡ R>¡ ?'

"s_¡ s¡ L$p¡Z dS|>fuA¡ gC S>sy„'sy„ ?' "_p, bp. A¡dZ¡ dpfy„ `qfZpd SpÎey„ li¡.
A¡dZ¡ S> kpd¡ Qpgu_¡ g¿ey„. lp¡õV¡$g_p¡ b^p¡ MQ®
"L¡$d ? lh¡ sp¡ d_¡ b^y„e AphX¡$ R>¡. hpY$hp_y„, Ap`hp_u A¡dZ¡ s¥epfu bsphu R>¡. `Z lz„ A¡ g¡hp_p¡
Mp¡v$hp_y„...' _\u. L$p¡C fõsp¡ _l] lp¡e sp¡ Sy>v$u hps. Aæepk sp¡
L$fhp¡ R>¡.'
v$uL$fp_u r_v$p£j hps kp„cmu_¡ dp_y„ l¥ey„
hpÐkëe\u Ecfpey„. v$uL$fp_¡ R>psu kfkp¡ Qp„`u v¡$hp "spfp„ L$`X$p„gÑp_y„ iy„ ?'
A¡_¡ DdmL$p¡ \C Apìep¡. `Z A¡Z¡ A¡d _ L$fsp„
L$üy„ : "qv$hpmu hMs¡ gp¡L$p¡_p„ hpkZ EV$L$u iL$ui. "A¡_ue kNhX$ L$fu v$u^u R>¡. epv$ R>¡, oprs
sfa\u dm¡gp `¡gp A¡L$kp¡ A¡L$ph_ ê$r`ep s¢ dpfu
"lp, lp, L¡$d _l] ? Np„^u bp`yA¡ L$üy„ R>¡ - L$p¡C `pk¡ S> fl¡hp v$u^p lsp s¡ ?'
L$pddp„ _p_d _\u.'
"s¢ fpMu d|¼ep R>¡ ?'
Qp¢L$u EW$su lp¡e A¡d dp N„cuf b_u NC. A¡_¡

91