Yuvak Bharati Gujrathi

"lp, A¡_p„ L$`X$p„ \C fl¡i¡.' \C A¡ b^u bp`y_u â¡fZp\u S> \C R>¡. A¡d_u R>bu
Sp¡J Ry>„ _¡ d_¡ L„$C L„$C â¡fZpAp¡ \pe R>¡. dpfy„ d_ L$l¡
A¡ kp„S>¡ Sy>Ng Mpv$uc„X$pfdp„ S>C_¡ Tæcp- R>¡ L¡$ Ap kp\¡ gC SpJ. Ðep„ V¡$bg D`f A¡ Np¡W$hui.'
g¢Op hN¡f¡ gC Apìep¡. Ap Sp¡C_¡ dp L„$C fpÆ \C
lp¡e A¡hy„ gpÁe„y _l]. A¡Z¡ L$üy„ : \p¡X$u hpf sp¡ S>d_p rhQpfdp„ Mp¡hpe¡gu flu.
`R>u bp¡gu :
"L$p¸g¡S>dp„ cZ_pfp ApS>L$pg L¡$hp„ L¡$hp„ L$`X$p„
`l¡f¡ R>¡ A¡_u s_¡ Mbf _\u ?' "spfy„ d_ L$l¡sy„ lp¡e sp¡ gC Sp, v$uL$fp. `Z A¡L$
L$pd L$f.'
"L$p¡C sp¡ Nd¡ s¡ `l¡f¡...'
"iy„ ?'
"`Z d_¡ Ap gNuf¡ `k„v$ _\u. spfp bp`y `Z
Aphy„ S> `l¡fsp lsp.' "spfp bp`y_p ap¡V$p_u S>ÁepA¡ spfp¡ ap¡V$p¡ d|L$sp¡
Sp. ap¡V$p hNf_p¡ BõL$p¡sfp¡ lh¡ sp¡ d_¡e _l] Nd¡.'
Myiu_u A¡L$ gL$uf Sy>Ng_p Ql¡fp D`f M¢QpC
flu. A¡ bp¡ëep¡ : "bp spfp¡ _l] sp¡, bp`p_p¡ ApÐdp "`Z bp, dpfp¡ ap¡V$p¡ sp¡ ¼ep„ `X$pìep¡ S> R>¡ ?'
sp¡ fpÆ \i¡ _¡ ?'
"sp¡ `R>u Np„^u dlpÐdp_p¡ S> d|L$.'
"bp`y_p¡ ApÐdp !' S>d_p bbX$u : "Äepf¡
Ðepf¡ bp`y_¡ hÃQ¡ L¡$d gph¡ R>¡ ?' Sy>Ng_y„ qv$g L$p¡mu EWéy„. lSy> bk `L$X$hp_u
Qpf L$gpL$_u hpf lsu. bSpfdp„ S>C_¡ A¡ Np„^uÆ_p¡
dp_p Ap iåv$p¡ kp„cmu Sy>Ng S>fp Dv$pk A¡L$ dY¡$gp¡ ap¡V$p¡ gC Apìep¡ A_¡ CõL$p¡Ñfp D`f
\ep¡. Np¡W$hu v$u^p¡. fpÓ¡ k|_p Ofdp„ S>d_p_¡ Q¡_ `X$sy„

\p¡X$p S> qv$hk `R>u v$uL$fp¡ v|$f S>hp_p¡ lsp¡
A¡V$g¡ A¡_¡ _pfpS> L$fhp_p¡ dp_p¡ Æh Qpgsp¡ _lp¡sp¡.
A¡Z¡ L$üy„ : "li¡ cpC, s_¡ S>¡ Nçe„y s¡ Mfy„.' L$lu A¡
D`f Qpgu NC.

Sy>Ng_¡ L$p¸g¡S>dp„ Aæepk dpV¡$ S>hp_p¡ qv$hk
Aphu `lp¢Ãep¡. S>d_pA¡ Sy>Ng_¡ ApS> ky^u A¡L$
qv$hk dpV¡$ `Z `p¡sp_p\u AmNp¡ L$ep£ _lp¡sp¡. ApS>
A¡ S>hp_p¡ lsp¡ A¡V$g¡ A¡_p d_ D`f A¡L$ ASpÎep¡
ASpÎep¡ cpf lsp¡. b`p¡f¡ A¡ d¡X$u D`f NC. Ðepf¡
Sy>Ng b¡N cfsp¡ lsp¡.

dp `pk¡ Aphu A¡V$g¡ Sy>Ng bp¡ëep¡ : "bp,
bp`y_p¡ ap¡V$p¡ kp\¡ gC SpJ?'

S>d_p dpV¡$ Ap AZ^pfu hps lsu. v$uL$fp_¡
ip¡ S>hpb Ap`hp¡ A¡ A¡_¡ k|Tsy„ _lp¡sy„. A¡Z¡ L$üy„ :
"ap¡V$p¡ gC S>hp_u iu S>ê$f R>¡ ?'

"d_¡ gpN¡ R>¡ bp L¡$ ApS> ky^u dpfu S>¡ âNrs

92

_lp¡sy„. dp_p l¥epdp„ L¡$V$L¡$V$gp `pspm L|$hp lp¡e R>¡ _S>f dp„X$u. b`p¡f ky^u sp¡ Sy>Ng_p bp`_p¡ ap¡V$p¡
A¡_u sp¡ ApS>¡ S> A¡_¡ Mbf `X$u, A¡ b^pe L|$hp Ðep„ lsp¡. Sy>Ng A¡ gC Nep¡. v$uL$fp_¡ bp`_p„ gpX$
A¡L$-kpdV$p EcfpC füp lsp. Sy>Ng Al] lsp¡ sp¡ dyv$g¡ dþep„ _\u A_¡ R>sp„ A¡_p¡ A¡_¡ L¡$V$gp¡ b^p¡
Ðepf¡ `pspm_p„ Ap b^p„ _hpZ ¼ep„ kyL$pC Nep„ l¡hp gpÁep¡ R>¡ ! A_¡ lz„ ? AcpNZu, fp¡S> A¡d_¡ auV$
lsp„ ? bpm Sy>Ng_¡ A¡ dpfsu-T|X$su Ðep„\u dp„X$u_¡ auV$ L$fy„ R>¡ ? L$p¡Z kpQy„ ! v$uL$fp¡ L¡$ lz„ ? A_¡ `R>u sp¡
s¡ A¡_¡ d|R>_p¡ v$p¡fp¡ awVép¡ Ðep„ ky^u A¡_p D`f hpf„hpf S>d_p L$p¡Z kpQy„ ? _p rhQpf¡ S> QY$u NC. v$uL$fp¡
L$f¡gu Tp„T A¡_¡ A¡L$kpdV$u epv$ Aphu NC. v$uL$fp¡ sp¡ S>Þçep¡ Ðepf\u bp`_p _pd D`f hfksp¡ füp¡
bp`_¡ k„cpf¡ A¡dp„e rMSphp_y„ ? S>d_p_p rQÑdp„- A_¡ lz„ ? `fÎep_p„ `p¡Zp b¡ hj® dpa. A¡ `R>u ?
l¥epdp„ E\g`p\g dQu flu lsu. "Sy>Ng hNf sp¡ T¡f hpV$su flu, T¡f hpV$su flu.... v$uL$fp¡ sp¡ A¡d_u
ïhpk `Z `p^fp¡ gC iL$sp¡ _\u.' L$l¡sp„ A¡_u Ap„M Ap„M_p„ Adu R>p„V$Zp„\u `p„Nfsp¡ füp¡, lp¢riepf
Q|C `X$u. \sp¡ füp¡ A_¡ lz„ AcpNZu... A_¡ dpfp D`f¡e `Z
A¡ sp¡ Ad©s_u hpZu S> Y$p¡msp lsp _¡ !
fpÓ¡ k|hp V$pZ¡ A¡ d¡X$u D`f Aphu. Sy>Ng fp¡S>
dpÓ L„$sp_c¡f k|sp¡ lsp¡. ApS> S>d_p A¡ L„$sp_ D`f b¡ qv$hk `R>u L$p¸g¡S> A_¡ lp¸õV¡$gdp„ ìeh[õ\s
S> k|C NC. Sy>Ng fp¡S> Apd AMhpm¡ `X$u fl¡sp¡ ? \C Nep bpbs_p¡ Sy>Ng_p¡ L$pNm Apìep¡. dp fpÆ
khpf ky^udp„ sp¡ A¡L¡$A¡L$ lpX$Ly„$ L$mhp S> gpN¡ ! \C. A¡Z¡ `Z hmsp¡ S>hpb g¿ep¡ A_¡ `Ñp_u
(dp_¡ Mbf _lp¡su L¡$ lp¡õV¡$gdp„ gp¡M„X$_p `g„N D`f `pR>m_u bpSy>A¡ g¿ey„ : spfu `pk¡ spfp bp`y_p¡
rbR>ph¡gy„ Npv$gy„ Sy>Ng_¡ ApS> DOpX$u Ap„M¡ L¡$V$gy„ ap¡V$p¡ R>¡ A¡hp¡ buSp¡ _ _uL$m¡ ? _uL$mu iL$sp¡ lp¡e
b^y„ M|„Qsy„ ls„y !) sp¡ L$Y$phu_¡ d_¡ dp¡L$gS>¡. A¡_¡ dY$phu_¡ Np„^u bp`y_p
ap¡V$p_u Sp¡X$pSp¡X$ S> d|L$hp¡ R>¡.
S>d_pA¡ L$p¡qX$ey„ kmNpìey„. `¡gp CõL$p¡sfp sfa

õhpÝepe

1. hpsp®_p Ap^pf¡ gMp¡.

(1) S>d_p_u _pfpS>Nu_y„ L$pfZ -

(2) Sy>Ng_¡ AphX$sp„ L$pd -

(3) Adv$phpv$_p¡ MQ® L$pY$hp_p Sy>Ng_p D`pe -

(4) `rs_p ap¡V$p_¡ Sp¡C S>d_p_p d_dp„ SpN¡gp cph -

2. "S>d_p_p _pfu ùv$e_u ìe\p dpV¡$ kdpS> L$pfZc|s R>¡.' - sdpfp¡ ds gMp¡.

3. iluv$_p `qfhpf sfa kdpS>_u S>hpbv$pfu rhi¡ sdpfp¡ ds gMp¡.

4. "Ap`Z¡ Q¡_\u k|C iL$uA¡ A¡ dpV¡$ kudp `f S>hp_p¡ SpN¡ R>¡.' - sdpfp iåv$p¡dp„ gMp¡.

`©Õhu kdy„ _l] b¡kÏ„ Apc kdy„ _l] R>Ó,
â¡d kdu _l] dp^yfu, Ap` kdp¡ _l] rdÓ. - Di_k¹

93

3. kfâpCT

L$_y AX$pku

NyS>fpsu kprlÐe_p NN_¡ QdL$sp spfgp kdp îu L$_ycpC AX$pkuA¡ _hgL$\p, hpsp® S>¡hp rhrh^
kprlÐe õhê$`p¡_y„ M¡X$pZ L$ey¯ R>¡. "l\¡mudp„ fZ', "hpfkp¡', "A¡L$ A^|fu tS>v$Nu', "`phf-N¡d' Ap A¡d_u
SpZusu L©$rsAp¡ R>¡.

âp¡a¡kf _rg_ ìepk¡ g¡M `|fp¡ L$ep£ A_¡ afu rinZ_p L$p¡C rhje_u QQp® \su lp¡e. A¡L$ àepgp¡
hp„Qhp_y„ Qpgy L$e¯y. Mpsfu \C NC L¡$ L$iu nrs flu Qp `uhu lp¡e sp¡ "Qp b_ph_¡' A¡d L$l¡hp_¡ bv$g¡
NC _\u. `R>u A¡Z¡ g¡M_u _uQ¡ dfp¡X$v$pf Anf¡ Qp\u dmsu spS>Nu rhi¡ âg„b âõsph_p b„^psu.
lõspnf ¼ep®. `p_p„ ìeh[õ\s Np¡W$hu õV¡`g r`_ S>mdp„ fl¡ s¡ S>mQf _¡ "V$u'(Qp) `f fl¡ s¡ V$uQf.
dpfu A¡Z¡ b|d `pX$u... ""L$dgp...!'' L„$C S> S>hpb
_ dmsp„ A¡Z¡ afu b|d `pX$u. ""...L$dgp...!'' gÁ_Æh__u iê$Apsdp„ Nçds Mpsf
A`_ph¡gu i¥gu A¡d_u hÃQ¡ V¡$h b_u_¡ V$L$u NC lsu.
A¡_¡ gpÁey„. L$dgp Aphsu L$pg_u âp¡a¡kk®
L$p¸ÞafÞk dpV¡$ `p¡sp_p h¼sìe_u s¥epfu L$fsu li¡. A¡d_p klL$pe®L$fp¡dp„ `Z gp„by„ r`óV$`¡jZ
AÐe„s A¡L$pN° li¡ s¡\u A¡_¡ b|d _rl k„cmpC L$fhp_u V¡$h \p¡X¡$ OZ¡ A„i¡ lsu S> `Z _rg_ A_¡
lp¡e. _rg_¡ AhpS> kl¡S> KQp¡ L$ep£ ""âp¡a¡kf L$dgp L$dgp_p âg„b hpsp®gp`p¡ A_¡ fkcfu QQp®Ap¡_¡
ìepk...'' dyL$pbg¡ A¡ V¡$h Mpk _p¢^`pÓ gpN¡ _rl s¡\u Ap
v„$`su_u QQp® L$ep® L$fhp_u V¡$h_¡ "A¡L$õV²$p r`qfeX$'_y„
bp\ê$d_p¡ v$fhpSp¡ Mp¡gu L$dgp blpf Aphu. g¡bg dþey„ lsy„.
NpD__p„ bV$_ b„^ L$fsp„ A¡Z¡ _rg_ kpd¡ Sp¡ey„. ""s¢
d_¡ bp¡gphu ?'' Ap A¡L$õV²$p r`qfeX$ AÐepf¡e Qpgs. iê$Aps
\C Q|L$u lsu; A¡hpdp„ ap¡__u O„V$X$u fZL$u.
""bp¡gphhp b|dp¡ `pX$u. d_¡ gpN¡ s¢ R>¡ëgu S>
b|d kp„cmu. s¡ `l¡gp„_u b|dp¡...'' cu_u l\¡mu Mc¡ `\fph¡gp Vy$hpg `f g|R>u
L$dgpA¡ qfkuhf KQ¼ey„.
A¡ hp¼e `|fy„ L$f¡ s¡ `l¡gp„ L$dgpA¡ L$üy„, ""`l¡gu
b¡ b|dp¡ k„cmpep_p¡ Apcpk \e¡gp¡ `Z ip¸Af_p ap¡_ A¡L$_p A¡L$ `yÓ¡ hp¸tiÁV$_\u L$ep£ lsp¡.
R>„V$L$ph l¡W$m A¡ Apcpk õ`óV$ _rl \e¡gp¡. âp¡a¡kf
L$dgp ìepk kp„cþey„ A¡V$g¡ ¿epg Apìep¡ L¡$ ApNm_p L$dgpA¡ hpsp¡ L$fu... kp„cmu... `R>u ap¡_
b¡-Qpf V$lzL$p r_óam Nep li¡ s¡\u X$p¸¼V$f _rg_ _rg__p lp\dp„ Apàep¡.
ìepk¡ âp¡a¡kf L$dgp ìepk_p _pd_p¡ kyv$uO® gl¡L$p¡
L$ep£.'' v„$`su_¡ hps_p¡ rhje dþep¡.

g¡¼Qff `rs A_¡ âp¡a¡kf `Ð_u Ap S> v$uL$fp¡ dp¡ÞVy$... _pd sp¡ lsy„ Ar_L¡$s `Z gpX$_y„
rglpS>dp„ hpsp¡ L$fsp„; SpZ¡ L$p¡g¡S>_p L$p¡d_-ê$ddp„ _pd Óuk hfk \C Nep„ lsp„ A_¡ R>sp„e bv$gpey„ _
lsy„. A¡_u `Ð_u L¡$sL$u `Z A¡_¡ dp¡ÞVy$ S> L$l¡su lsu.
94
dp¡ÞVy$A¡ rhQpf hl¡sp¡ L$ep£ lsp¡.

Ad¡qfL$p_¡ Agrhv$p L$fu A¡ B[ÞX$ep `pR>p¡ Of `qfhpf_p„ õhS>_p¡\u cf¡gy„ lsy„. fkp¡C
Aphhp... ap¡f NyX$... l„d¡i_¡ dpV¡$ `pR>p¡ Aphhp L$f_pf bpC fpM¡gu lsu. L$p¡C_¡ L„$C S> L$pd L$fhy„
àgp_ L$fsp¡ lsp¡. A¡Z¡ dçdu_¡ L$l¡gy„, ""qX$qaL$ëV$ `X$hp_y„ _ lsy„. Dëgpk`|h®L$ L¡$sL$uA¡ b^p„_u kp\¡
_\u. lÞX²¡$X$ A¡ÞX$ _pCÞV$u \pDTÞX$... A¡L$ gpM _¡hy„ lku-bp¡gu_¡ hps L$fhu sp¡ S>ê$fu lsy„ _¡ ! `Z
lSpf X$p¸gf_u bQs `p„Óuk_p cph¡ L$ÞhV®$ L$f¡ sp¡`Z L¡$sL$uA¡ b¡X$ê$d_y„ bpfÏ„ b„^ L$fu v$u^y„ lsy„. `p„Q-kps
B[ÞX$epdp„ A¡ dp¡V$u fL$d lsu. h_ L¡$_ guh L$çaV£$ågu. rdr_V$_p Npmp `R>u dp¡V¡$ Op„V¡$ A¡Z¡ dp¡ÞVy$_¡e bp¡gphu
dçdu Ap`Z¡ b^p„ A¡i-Apfpd\u flu iL$uA¡.' guO¡gp¡.

`R>u `à`p_¡ A¡Z¡ L$l¡gy„, "h¡g X¡$X$, ApC A¡d b`p¡f¡ S>dhp_p kde¡ dp¡ÞVy$ L¡$ L¡$sL$u v¡$Mpep„
àgpt_N qfV$pefd¡ÞV$.'' _rl. L$dgpA¡ b¡X$ê$d_p v$fhpS>¡ V$L$p¡fp dpep® `Z L„$C
S> S>hpb _rl. kl¡S> lX$k¡gp¡ dpfsp„ bpfÏ„ M|gu
ap¡_ Qpgy lsp¡ Ðepf¡ S> _rg_¡ A¡L$ gpM _¡hy„ Ney„ `Z ê$ddp„ L$p¡C S> _ lsy„. kp¥_¡ Apòe® \e¡gy„ L¡$
lSpf X$p¸gf_p Ap„L$X$p_¡ `p„Óuk\u NyZu gu^p lsp. hfOp¡qX$e„y Ney„ ¼ep„ ? A_¡ s¡e L$p¡C_¡ L$iu S> Mbf
Apàep rh_p !
kpX$u R>pkW$ gpM gC_¡ v$uL$fp¡ v¡$idp„ `pR>p¡
Aph¡ sp¡ hV$ `X$u Spe. `¥kp_p¡ `phf S> L¦$L$ Ap¡f R>¡. dp¡ÞVy$ `X$p¡idp„ S>hy„ lp¡e sp¡e S>Zphu_¡ S>
A\®ipõÓ_p„ âp\rdL$ `yõsL$p¡dp„_y„ `¡gy„ hp¼e A¡_¡ epv$ S>sp¡. A¡ ApS>¡ L$p¡C_¡e S>Zpìep rh_p L$ep„ Nep¡ ?
Aphu Ney„. d_u CT `phf. d_u CT hp¡V$ d_u X$T. d„qv$f¡ dpspÆ_p„ v$i®_¡ sp¡ _rl Nep¡ lp¡e ? v$i®_ L$fhp
`¥kp cg¡ v$uL$fp_p lp¡e R>sp„ R>pkW$ gpM `Qpk lSpf
bp¡gsp„ A¡_u R>psu Mpõku Qpf HQ awgu.

"v$uL$fp¡ NpX$udp„ af¡ lp¢ ! R>pkW$ gpM_u fL$d
hS>_v$pf NZpe.'

B[ÞX$e_ fp¡X$ `f a¡fhhp dp¡ÞVy$ L$C NpX$u g¡ A¡
rhi¡ fkâv$ AV$L$mp¡ Qpgu. A„s¡ `rs-`Ð_u hÃQ¡
lfMc¡f k„drs k^pC.

"L$pf sp¡ Sp¡CA¡ S>. buSpAp¡ dpV¡$ cpfsdp„ A¡
g¼Tfu li¡ `Z dp¡ÞVy$ dpV¡$ sp¡ tS>v$Nu_u âp\rdL$
S>ê$qfeps lsu.'

_rg_¡ L$üy„... ""Ap Of `Z _p_y„ `X¡$.''

""A¡d sp¡ fpS>dl¡g `Z _p_p¡ `X¡$.'' L$dgpA¡
L$üy„.

_rg_ kdÆ Nep¡. Ap kpvy„$ hp¼e _ lsy„.
L$dgp_u L¡$sL$u sfa_u QuX$ R>su \su lsu. `fZu_¡
Aphu s¡ S> qv$hk\u L¡$sL$u_p„ hgZ A_¡ hs®_
L$dgp_¡ M|„Ãep„ lsp„.

95

S>hy„ lp¡e sp¡ Q|`Qp` Qpëep S>hp_u ¼ep„ S>ê$f lsu ? A_¡L$ ANhX$p¡ h¡W$u v$uL$fp_¡ X$p¸¼V$f¡V$ ky^u `lp¢QpXép¡
lsp¡. A¡ R>p¡L$fp¡ `p¡sp_p„ ìehlpf-hs®__p„ ÓpS>hpdp„
dl¡dp_p¡_u lpS>fudp„ L$dgp Nd MpC NC `Z `p¡sp_p„ v|$f v|$f_u kNpC_p kpmpAp¡, kpYy$Ap¡ A_¡
A¡_p d_dp„ L¡$sL$u_p b¡S>hpbv$pfu`Zp_u Np„W$ hmu kpky-kkfp_¡ _dsy„ Sp¡M¡ R>¡ A¡hy„ S>Zpe Ðepf¡
NC. _rg_ L$dgp_u S>¡d bbX$u _ _pM¡ sp¡e A¡_¡ A`dp_
sp¡ gpN¡ S>. ìe¼s _rl L$f¡gp A_¡ NZuNZu_¡ Np„W¡$
L$dgp_¡ L$X$` v$pMhsu kpky b_hy„ _ lsy„. bp„^¡gp A_ychp¡ Ap¾$p¡i b_u_¡ cc|L¡$ _rl s¡ dpV¡$
`yÓh^| kp\¡ k¿e kp^hy„ lsy„. v$uL$fu b_phu_¡ hlpg _rg__¡ M|b L$pmÆ fpMhu `X$su.
hfkphhy„ lsy„. `Z L¡$sL$u_p hgZ_u fynsp ApX$¡
Aphu âk„Np¡ kpdpÞe A_¡ _Æhp lsp R>sp„ A¡_p¡ Ne¡ hMs¡ dp¡ÞVy$ A_¡ L¡$sL$u a¼s Qpf AW$hpqX$ep„
Ap¡\pf N„cuf lsp¡. dpV¡$ B[ÞX$ep Aph¡gp„. Ðepf¡ L$p¸g¡S>dp„ `funpAp¡ _¡
ky`frhT__u kuT_ Qpgsu lsu. A¡ SpÎep `R>u
v$pMgp sfuL¡$ L¡$sL$u dpV¡$ L$dgp ApCõ¾$ud L¡$sL$uA¡ rhh¡L$ L$f¡gp¡, ""dçdu-`à`p sd¡ fSp gC
gph¡gu. dçdu ldZp„ _\u Mphp¡ A¡d L$lu_¡ A¡Z¡ A¡ gp¡. Ap hMs¡ Ad¡ Np¡hp, dlpbm¡ïhf A_¡ b¸„Ágp¡f
fpMu d|L¡$gp¡. S>hp_p„ R>uA¡.'' bk Ðepf `R>u A¡ rhi¡ L$iu hps
_rl.
L¡$sL$u_p¡ L$p¡C v$p¡õs dmhp Apìep¡ A¡_¡ A¡Z¡
`¡gp¡ qäS>dp„ fpM¡gp¡ ApCõ¾$ud MhX$phu v$u^p¡. Ap A¡d_p âhpkdp„ L¡$sL$u_p„ dpbp` Sp¡X$pe¡gp„.
OV$_pdp„ L$p¡C hp„^p¡ EW$phhp S>¡hp¡ dyØp¡ lsp¡ Mfp¡ ? `pR>p„ Apìep„ Ðepf¡ A¡d_¡ Ad¡qfL$p S>hp_p a¼s
R>sp„ L$dgp_¡ L¡$sL$u âÐe¡ AZNdp¡ \C Nep¡. Ap Qpf qv$hk fl¡gp s¡dp„ `|fp ÓZ qv$hk dp¡ÞVy$ A¡_u
R>p¡L$fu gpNZu_u hps S> kdS>su _\u. A¡_¡ gpNhp kpkfudp„ cfpC fl¡gp¡. R>¡ëg¡ qv$hk¡ `¡qL„$N L$fsu
dp„Xéy„ `p¡sp_p r`eqfep„ Aph¡ sp¡ L¡$sL$u Mugu EW$su. hMs¡ b¡Ndp„\u L$pSy>_p„ b¡ `¡L¡$V$ _uL$þep„. A¡ `¡L¡$V$
L$p¸g¡S>_p v$p¡õsp¡ Apìep lp¡e Ðepf¡ A¡_p¡ DÐkpl dpsp¡ dp¡ÞVy$A¡ L$dgp_¡ Ap`sp„ L$l¡gy„, ""dçdu ! Np¡hp\u
_ lsp¡. A¡ rkhpe_u `mp¡dp„ L¡$sL$u_y„ hs®_ W„$Xy„$ fl¡sy„. L$pSy> gu^¡gp s¡ blpf L$pY$hp_p S> flu Ne¡gp. `p„Qkp¡
N°pd_y„ `¡L¡$V$ bsphu A¡Z¡ L$üy„, - Ap sd¡ fpMSp¡ _¡
dp¡ÞVy$ `pR>p¡ Aph¡ sp¡ kp\¡ fl¡ A¡hy„ dp_hp_y„ buSy>„ `¡L¡$V$ L¡$sL$u_p `à`p_¡ Ap`Sp¡. L¡$sL$u_p `à`p
Qp¡½$k L$pfZ _ lsy„. v$uL$fp¡ `p¡sp_p¡ lsp¡ `Z hlz ? dpV¡$ apmh¡gy„ `¡L¡$V$ qL$gp¡_y„ lsy„.
hlz ¼ep„ dp¡ÞVy$_p„ dpbp` kp\¡ A¡L$ fk \C lsu ?
Ad¡qfL$p\u A¡ Äepf¡ Aph¡gu Ðepf¡ h^ydp„ h^y qv$hkp¡ _rg__¡ Mbf `X$u Ðepf¡ A¡ Nyõk¡ \C Nep¡.
A¡ `p¡sp_p„ dp-bp` kp\¡ `\fpe¡gu fl¡su. A¡L$gu
Spe sp¡ SpZ¡ kdÄep„ `Z kp\¡ dp¡ÞVy$_¡e gC S>su. dp¡ÞVy$ blpf\u Apìep¡ Ðepf¡ A¡Z¡ L$ç`pDÞX$_p
OZu hpf sp¡ L$dgp_¡ gpNsy„ L¡$ dp¡ÞVy$ B[ÞX$ep Aph¡ v$fhpSp `pk¡ L$pSy> h¡fpA¡gp Sp¡ep. A¡Z¡ `|Rey„,
Ðepf¡ L¡$sL$u_p„ dp-bp` kp\¡ S> fl¡hp Aphsp¡ lsp¡. "dçdu, Apd L¡$hu fus¡ \ey„ ?'
A¡ Aphi¡ A¡ kp\¡_p rhQpfp¡_p¡ sgkpV$ s©[às ky^u
_p¡'sp¡ `lp¢Qsp¡. L$dgp_¡ v$f¡L$ hMs¡ A¡L$ MV$L$p¡ _rg_¡ S> S>hpb Apàep¡, ""d¢ a¢L$u v$u^y„. A¡L$
flu S>sp¡. b¡ dpõsfp¡ (vy$cpe¡gu lp¡e Ðepf¡ L$dgp hps kdÆ g¡. sy„ L$iy„e gpìep¡ lp¡e A¡dp„ spfu dp A\hp
âp¡a¡kf_¡ dpõsfNufu NZphsu)_p `Npfdp„ dp¡ÞVy$_¡ bp` dpV¡$_p„ `¡L¡$V$, buSp_p„ `¡L¡$V$ L$fsp„ Ap¡R>pdp„
lpef k¡L$ÞX$fu `R>u Ad¡qfL$p cZhp dp¡L$ëep¡. `p¡s¡ Ap¡R>p„ A¡L$ N°pd h^pf¡ hS>__p„ lp¡hp Sp¡CA¡.

96

Af¡ ! rMõkp_p ê$dpg gu^p lp¡e sp¡ dpfp dpV¡$_p¡ Aph¡gp¡. `p„M M„M¡f¡ A¡V$g¡ X$p¸gfdp„\u ê$`p„sf `pd¡gp
ê$dpg A¡L$ v$p¡fphpf dp¡V$p¡ lp¡hp¡ Sp¡CA¡; spfu byg„v$u ê$r`ep_p¡ hfkpv$. QL$QL$pV$ dp¡V$fdp„\u Esfu k¡ëk
`pR>m Adpfp„ õhà_p¡_y„ hph¡sf R>¡. A¡ gp¡L$p¡ sp¡ s¥epf B[ÞX$ep_p cp¢efpdp„ S>C \°u-X$p¡f qäS> Nçey„... dp¡L$gu
dpg `f V$`L$u `Xép„ R>¡.'' Ap`p¡. L|$qL„$N f¡ÞS> Ndu. iu qL„$ds R>¡ ? qL„$ds _rl
Sp¡hp_u. Nd¡ A¡V$g¡ L$lu v¡$hp_y„ "dp¡L$gu v$p¡' A_¡ Ap
`Z Ap S> hps L¡$sL$u A_¡ dp¡ÞVy$_p Nep `R>u V$¸bg-g¸ç` ? Ofdp„ ÓZ V¸$bg-g¸ç` R>¡... A¡ S|>_p
L$dgpA¡ L$fu Ðepf¡ _rg_¡ A¡_¡ kdSphhp_p¡ âeÐ_ \C Nep... a¢L$u v$p¡ A\hp L$p¡C_¡ Ap`u v$p¡. l¡h ^u
L$f¡gp¡ : lpDk L$çàguV$gu qf_p¸h¡V¡$X$. S|>_u QuSp¡_¡ hmNu _rl
fl¡hp_y„. Ap`Zu kpd¡ A¡L$ S> tS>v$Nu R>¡. A¡_¡ dpZu
""Ap`Zp¡ R>p¡L$fp¡ Ap`Z¡ Ðep„ S>Þçep¡. dp¡V$p¡ g¡hp_u. hõsy gphu_¡ A¡L$ hpf hp`fuA¡ A¡V$g¡ A¡_u
\pe Ðep„ ky^udp„ Ap`Zp hs®_dp„\u A¡Z¡ L¡$V$gpe qL„$ds hk|g. Ðepf `R>u hõsyAp¡ Ap`Zu L$pmÆ_¡
hp„^prhfp¡^ kyjyàs d_dp„ k„Ofu fp¿ep lp¡e. Äepf¡ L$pfZ¡ V$L¡$ A¡ b^p¡ L$ÞTeydk® kfàgk. Ad¡qfL$pdp„
A¡ kpkfudp„ Spe Ðep„ dp¡ÞVy$cpC A_¡ dp¡ÞVy$gpg sp¡ S|>_u QuSp¡ Npb£S>dp„ Spe L¡$ `R>u NpfpS>-
dp¡ÞVy$gpg \pe. b^¡ S> dp_dfsbp_p¡ hfkpv$ hfk¡. k¡gdp„ d|L$u v¡$hpe. _p¡-bX$u bp¡^k® ap¡f qf`¡f Ap¡f
kpmpAp¡ ApCõ¾$ud `pg®f `f gC Spe _¡ kpYy$Ap¡ qfkpC[¼g„N. ^¡V¹$k ^u Sp¡b ap¡f `yAf _¸iÞk. ^u qfQ
`p„DcpÆ Mphp _p¡sf¡. ^ud¡ ^ud¡ A¡ `ëgy„ cpf¡ \sy„ Np¡ ap¡f Þey t\ÁT rh\ CçâyìX$ V¸$¼_p¡gp¸Æ. _rg__u
Spe. Ap A¡L$ eyr_hk®g qa_p¡rd_p R>¡.'' L$ë`_pdp„ dp¡ÞVy$_p rhQpfp¡_p `X$Op `X$hp dp„Xép„. dpfp¡
b¡Ë$p¡ ! "dp-bp` rkhpe buSy>„ b^y„ bv$gu _pMhp_u
`R>u sp¡ b^y„e cygpC Ney„. hps L$fsp¡. L$dgp_¡e dp¡ÞVy$ kp\¡ fl¡i¡ A¡ Mepg `f
fQpe¡gu L$ë`_p_u Bdpfs v$dpdv$pf gpNsu R>sp„
v$uL$fp¡ A_¡ hlz Ad¡qfL$pdp„ R>¡ - hp¸tiÁV$_dp„ dp¡ÞVy$_u b¥fu L¡$sL$u_p¡ rhQpf L$fsp„ A¡_¡ kl¡S> AkyM
A¡ hps õV$pa-ê$ddp„ hV$ dpfhp `|fsu D`ep¡Nu flu \C Aphsy„. v$uL$fp¡ sp¡ gpNZuiug lsp¡. qX$rkràgÞX$
NC. lsp¡, `Z A¡_u hlz SpZ¡ v$uL$fp_¡ Nm¡ `Ë$p¡ bp„^u_¡,
`pm¡gp L|$sfp_¡ gC_¡ rhlfsu lp¡e s¡d hs®su. L$dgp_¡
L$p¡C `|R>¡ - v$uL$fp_p _¡ hlz_p ip kdpQpf R>¡ Ap _lp¡sy„ Ndsy„. c|sL$pmdp„ b_¡gu _p_u-dp¡V$u
sp¡ _rg_ S> S>hpb Ap`sp¡... ""`fd qv$hk¡ ap¡_ OV$_pAp¡_u epv$_p DTfX$p A¡_¡ Aõhõ\ b_phu
Aph¡gp¡. dTpdp„ R>¡.'' A¡ ap¡_ L¡$sL$u_p bp` `f d|L$sp. A¡_¡ Mpsfu \C NC lsu L¡$ dp¡ÞVy$_¡ `Z lh¡
Aph¡gp¡ _¡ Ðep„\u kdpQpf dm¡gp A¡hy„ L$l¡hp_y„ A¡ L¡$sL$u_p `Xép bp¡g EW$phu g¡hp_u Apv$s `X$u NC
V$pmsp¡. lsu A¡V$gy„ S> _rl, Ap_„v$ `Z Aphsp¡'sp¡. Ap_„v$
Aph¡ Ðep„ ky^u W$uL$, A¡dp„ A¡_¡ kp\®L$sp gpNsu lsu.
kdpQpf_p¡ "kp¡k®' Nd¡ s¡ lp¡e. A¡ dTpdp„ R>¡
A¡V$g¡ bk. `fZ¡gp„ k„sp_p¡_p„ `p¡sp_p "õ`pDT' âÐe¡_p„
hgZp¡_u QQp® Spdsu Ðepf¡ A¸L¡$X¡$rdL$ Apv$s âdpZ¡
*** gp„... bu hpsp¡ \su Ðepf¡ _rg_ L$dgp_¡ `|R>sp¡,

dp¡ÞVy$ B[ÞX$ep `pR>p¡ Aphu S>hp dpN¡ R>¡ A¡ 97
kdpQpf\u Myi \hy„ L¡$ _pMyi \hy„ A¡ _rg_ L¡$ L$dgp
L$p¡C _½$u _ L$fu i¼ep„. Apd NZp¡ sp¡ kdpQpf
kpfp S> lsp _¡ ! `p¡sp_p¡ v$uL$fp¡ _S>f kpd¡ fl¡ A¡
L¡$V$gu Myi_kubu_u hps lsu ! hmu Ap sp¡ `¡gu
bpmhpsp®_p `p¡`V$ S>¡hp¡ v$uL$fp¡ ! `fv¡$idp„ L$dpZu L$fu

""lz„ spfp L$üpdp„ _\u fl¡sp¡ ?'' sp¡ L$dgp L$l¡su - kfâpCT ap¡f ^¡d. A¡ àg¡TÞV$ kfâpCT, rNãV$ ap¡f ^u
""^¡V¹$k A¡ qXafÞV$ t\N. L¡$sL$u h^pf¡ `X$su `T¡rkh lp¡d-L$rd„N bX®$, `Z \p¡X$u hpf `R>u A¡d_¡ khpg
R>¡.'' _rg__¡ L¡$sL$u `T¡rkh gpNsu A¡_p L$fsp„ dp¡ÞVy$ EWép¡. h¡hpC Npddp„ S> lsp„. A¡ SpZ¡ sp¡ A¡_u
h^pf¡ T|L$u S>sp¡ gpNsp¡. `rs L$üpNfp¡ lp¡e A¡ A¡_u v$uL$fu A_¡ S>dpC_¡ S>Zpìep rh_p fl¡ ? h¡hpC hNf
kÄS>_sp NZpe `Z v$uL$fp¡ hlz_p L$üpdp„ fl¡ A¡ bp¡gpìe¡ Aphsp _rl. A¡d_u A¡ V¡$h L$pddp„ g¡hp_u.
bpegp`Zpdp„ M`phu v¡$hpe. L$ÞõV²$¼i__y„ L$pdL$pS> Qpg¡ A¡ hMsdp„ h¡hpC_¡ _p¡sfy„
v¡$hp_y„ _rl.
QQp®Ap¡ fp¡S>_u \C `X$u lsu. `Z A¡L$ qv$hk
L$dgpA¡ rhQpf hl¡sp¡ d|¼ep¡. Vy$ b¡X$ê$çk Apf _p¡V$ ApqL®$V¡$¼V$ kp\¡ hps L$e£ v$k qv$hk \C Nep
C_a. `l¡gp¡ dpm QZphhp¡ S> Sp¡CA¡. L$dgp_¡ R>sp„ A¡_p¡ `Ñp¡ _ lsp¡. L$p¡C ASpÎep ^„^pv$pfu_¡
rhQpf Apìep¡ `R>u lp-_p_p¡ khpg ¼ep„ lsp¡ ? `L$Xép¡ lp¡s sp¡ Sy>v$u hps lsu. Ap ^hg `„qX$s sp¡
frhhpf¡ khpf¡ ApqL®$V¡$¼V$ Apìep¡ _¡ D`f b¡ b¡X$ê$d dp¡ÞVy$_p¡ rdÓ lsp¡. Mpk rdÓ.
b_phhp_p _L$ip b_phhp_y„ _½$u L$fhpdp„ Apìey„.
fpl Sp¡C_¡ L„$V$pþep `R>u L$dgpA¡ ^hg_¡ ap¡_
dp¡ÞVy$ Aph¡ s¡ `l¡gp„ bp„^L$pd, f„Nfp¡Np_ b^y„ L$ep£. Af¡ c¥ ! iê$Aps\u S> Y$ug L$f¡ R>¡ sp¡ `R>u ^pe¯y
S> `su S>hy„ Sp¡CA¡. L$pd ¼epf¡ `|fy„ \i¡ ?

_rg_ A_¡ L$dgpA¡ _½$u L$e¯y. r^k CT A¡ L$dgpA¡ _rg__¡ hps L$fu. Ap R>p¡L$fp¡ Mfp¡ R>¡.
rk¾¡$V$, dp¡ÞVy$_¡ S>Zphhp_y„ _rl. CV$ rhg bu A¡ L$l¡ R>¡ ApÞV$u Ar_hpe® _ lp¡e sp¡ buSp b¡ b¡X$ê$d
b„^phhp_u L„$C S> Dsphm _ L$fip¡. dp¡Vy„$ Of A¡
vy$:M_y„ L$pfZ b_u S>sy„ lp¡e R>¡. A¡_¡ L¡$d kdSpsy„ _\u
L¡$ D`f b¡ b¡X$ê$d Ap`Z¡ dp¡ÞVy$ dpV¡$ b„^phhp_p R>¡,
L$p¡C Apgsy-apgsy dl¡dp_p¡ dpV¡$ _rl. ^hg kdSph¡
R>¡ L¡$ dL$p__y„ A¡¼kV¡$Þi_ L$fphhp\u çeyr_rk`g V¸$¼k
h^u S>i¡. h^¡ h^hp_p¡ lp¡e sp¡ ! kfL$pf A¡_p cpN_y„
gC S>i¡. d¡CÞV¡$_Þk_p¡ MQ® h^i¡. V¸$¼k h^i¡ Aphu
b^u NZsfu L$fpsu li¡ `p¡sp_p k„sp__u kyMpL$pfu
kp^hp_u lp¡e A¡h¡ hMs¡ ? MQ®_p rlkpb L$fu_¡
Aphp„ _p_p„dp¡V$p„ Apep¡S>_ L$fhp„ `X¡$ A¡hu [õ\rs ¼ep„
lsu ? M|V$hp_y„ _\u; _¡ M|V$i¡ sp¡ dp¡ÞVy$ ¼ep„ _\u ?
X$p¸gf_p¡ v$ëgp¡ gC_¡ Aphhp_p¡ R>¡. A¡_p v$fÄSp
âdpZ¡_y„ Of Sp¡CA¡ L¡$ _rl ?

L$dgp_u hps kp„cmu_¡ _rg__¡ ^hg `f
Nyõkp¡ Apìep¡. A¡_y„ L$pd Ap`Zu ep¡S>_p âdpZ¡
àgp_ b_phu_¡ kfL$pfu rhr^Ap¡ `sphu L$pd Qpgy
L$fphhp_y„ R>¡. Ap`Z_¡ Aphu kgpl Ap`hp_u

98

iu S>ê$f R>¡ ? dp¡ÞVy$_p¡ v$p¡õs R>¡ A¡V$g¡ Ap`Z¡ A¡_¡ b„_¡_¡ d_p¡d_ gpÁep L$fsy„ lsy„ L¡$ ^pfZp âdpZ¡ L$p¡C
v$uL$fp_u S>¡d NZu_¡ dp_ Ap`uA¡ R>uA¡ sp¡ `p¡sp_u S> L$pd \sy„ _ ls„y. dp¡ÞVy$_u dp¡V$f A_¡ A¥ïhe®cfu
dep®v$pdp„ flu_¡ Ap`Ï„ L$pd kNhX$ce¯y b_phhp_¡ fl¡ZuL$fZu_u L$ë`_p khpf \C NC. NdNu_u_p¡
bv$g¡ A¡ Ap`Zp¡ hX$ug b_u_¡ Ap`Z_¡ kgpl Ap¡\pf A_ychpsp¡ lsp¡. L$pfZ L$mpsy„ _ lsy„.
Ap`hp b¡k¡ R>¡.
\p¡X$p \p¡X$p qv$hk¡ Ad¡qfL$p\u dp¡ÞVy$_p ap¡_
_rg__¡ Nyõkp¡ QYép¡ A_¡ \p¡X$u hpf `R>u Apìep L$fsp. _rg_ A_¡ L$dgp dp¡ÞVy$ Aph¡ Ðepf¡ Ap
Esfu Nep¡. A¡_¡ gpÁey„ ^hg_¡ OZp„ L$pd li¡. _p_p Ofdp„ L¡$hu fus¡ fl¡i¡, A¡d_¡ ANhX$ `X$i¡ A¡hu
dp¡V$p„ dp¡V$p„ A_¡ Mpõku S>hpbv$pfuhpmp„ L$pd li¡. tQsp L$fsp„ lsp„.
A¡_¡ A¡hy„e gpNsy„ lp¡e L¡$ dpfy„ L$pd au gu^p hNf L$fu
Ap`hy„ `X$i¡. A¡L$ kp„S>¡ ^hg _rg_ A„L$g A_¡ L$dgp
ApÞV$u_¡ dmhp Apìep¡. ^hg_u b¡v$fL$pfu_¡ L$pfZ¡
`R>u sp¡ ^hg_¡ O¡f Sy>v$p Sy>v$p kde¡ ap¡_ b„Ngp_p A¡¼kV¡$Þi__y„ L$pd iê$ _ L$fpey„ A¡ hps¡
Sp¡Xép. L$ip¡ S> ârscph _rl. b¡ drl_p husu Nep L$dgpA¡ M|b dep®v$p`|h®L$ bmp`p¡ L$pYép¡. _rg_¡
^hg_p¡ d¡mp` S> \sp¡ _ lsp¡. kv¹$cpÁe¡ ^hg_u â¡d`|h®L$ vy$:M ìe¼s L$e¯y.
`Ð_u A¡L$ hpf lp\dp„ Aphu NC. A¡Z¡ S>Zpìey„ L¡$
R>¡ëgp ÓZ drl_p\u ^hg_y„ O¡f Aphhp_y„ L¡$ S>dhp_y„ ""s_¡ v$uL$fp_u S>¡d NÎep¡ A_¡ s_¡ L$pd
L$C S> W¡$L$pÏ„ _ ls„y. L$ÞõV²$¼i__u kpCV$ `f S> A¡ kp¢àey„...''
kde Npmsp¡ lsp¡. L$p¡C Mpk rdÓ_y„ AfS>ÞV$ L$pd
lp\dp„ gu^y„ lsy„. _rg__u hps hÃQ¡\u S> L$p`u ^hg¡ L$üy„,
""L$pL$p... sdpfp v$uL$fp sfuL¡$ S> rhQpfu_¡ hÐep£ Ry>„.
_rg__¡ sp¡ `|R>hp_y„e _ k|Ts `Z L$dgpA¡ sd_¡ Mp¡V$p¡ MQ® L$fsp„ fp¡L$hp_u dpfu afS> d¢ bSphu
^hg ¼ep„ dmu iL¡$ A¡ S>NpAp¡_y„ gp„by„ rgõV$ R>¡. khpg L¡$hm MQ®_p¡ S> lp¡s sp¡ d¢ fps-qv$hk L$pd
b_pìe„y. Äep„ Äep„ ^hg_p„ L$pd Qpgsp„ lsp„ s¡ kpCV$ L$fphu_¡ sdpfu ep¡S>_p âdpZ¡ `l¡g¡ dpm¡ b¡ b¡X$ê$d
`f _rg_¡ Ap„V$p dpep®. R>¡hV¡$ ^hg Np„^u_Nf lpCh¡ b_phX$phu v$u^p lp¡s _¡ lÆe L„$C bNX$sy„ _\u. L$pg¡
`f _hp b„^psp b„NgpAp¡_u kpCV$ `f dmu Nep¡; frhhpf R>¡. sd¡ A_¡ ApÞV$u b„_¡ äu lp¡ sp¡ khpf¡ v$k
Ðepf¡e A¡ sp¡ L$pfZ hNf dL$p__y„ A¡¼kV¡$Þi_ _ hpN¡ dpf¡ sd_¡ b„_¡_¡ A¡L$ S>NpA¡ gC S>hp R>¡. Ðepf
L$fhp_u kgpl_¡ S> hmNu füp¡. `R>u sd¡ L$l¡ip¡ s¡d L$fuiy„.''

_rg__¡ A¡L$ fus¡ ^hg_u kgpl W$uL$ gpNu ""sy„ Ad_¡ ¼ep„e gC Spe s¡\u ip¡ afL$ `X¡$ R>¡?
`Z dp¡ÞVy$ A_¡ A¡_u hlz B[ÞX$ep Aph¡ Ðepf¡ A¡d_¡ dp¡ÞVy$ A_¡ L¡$sL$u_¡ dpV¡$ \p¡X$uL$ kNhX$ L$fu v¡$hp_u hps
fl¡hp dpV¡$_u kNhX$ `|fu `pX$hp_u ^|_ khpf \C Mp¡f„c¡ `X$u. A¡ OV$_p L¡$hu fus¡ r_hpfu iL$pe ?''
lsu. s¡\u A¡ kgpl_¡ dp_ Ap`u dp¡ÞVy$ Aphi¡ Ðepf¡
Sp¡ey„ S>i¡ A¡hp¡ r_Z®e gC iL$pep¡ _rl. ^hg_¡ bv$g¡ ""L$pL$p, Ap hps Ap`Z¡ L$pg¡ _hk¡ f\u
buSp L$p¡C_¡ L$pd kp¢`hy„ `X$i¡ A¡d rhQpfu _rg_ rhQpfui,„y AÐepf¡ l„z EW$„y R>y .„ '' L$lu ^hg¡ rhv$pe gu^u.
Ry>Ë$p¡ `Xép¡. Ðepf `R>u L$dgp A_¡ _rg_¡ `l¡g¡
dpm¡ b¡ b¡X$ê$d bp„^hp_u hps L$fhp_y„e b„^ L$e¯y. A¡ buS>¡ qv$hk¡ ^hg Apìep¡ A_¡ _rg_ A_¡
L$dgp_¡ Np„^u_Nf lpCh¡ `f b„^psu _hu hkpls
`f gC Nep¡. b¡ Sp¡qX$ep b„Ngp_p N¡V$ `pk¡ A¡Z¡ L$pf

99

Ecu fpMu. S> Ap dL$p_ R>¡.''

NpX$udp„\u Esfsp„ _rg_¡ _p¢Ýey„ L¡$ b„_¡ b„Ngp_p„ ""A_¡ Ap bpSy>_y„ L$p¡_y„ R>¡ ?'' L$dgpA¡ `|Rey„.
âh¡iÜpf AgN lp¡hp R>sp„ A¡_u A¡L$ v$uhpg krlepfu
lsu. b„_¡ b„Ngpdp„ Apk`pk A¡L$ L$ç`pDÞX$ hp¸g ""A¡ R>¡ sdpfp h¡hpC_y„. L¡$sL$u_p„ dpbp`_y„.''
lsu _¡ âh¡iÜpf `Z A¡L$ S> lsy„.
Ap kdpQpf\u b„_¡ AhpL¹$ b_u Nep„.
^hg¡ A¡ b„_¡_¡ A¡ b„Ngp_u A„v$f a¡fìep„.
X²$p¡INê$d dp¡V$p¡ lsp¡ _¡ ÓZ¡e b¡X$ê$d `Z Mpõkp dp¡V$p ^hg bp¡ëe¡ S>sp¡ lsp¡... ""L$pL$p, Ap sdpf¡
lsp. b¡e b„Ngp_u krlepfu v$uhpgdp„ b„_¡ X²$p¡INê$d dpV¡$ kfâpCT lsu. sdpfp v$uL$fpA¡ d_¡ Ap hps_u
hÃQ¡ A¡L$ âh¡iÜpf lsy„. sd_¡ Mbf S> _ `X¡$ A¡hu kphQ¡su fpMhp k|Q_p
Ap`¡gu, `Z A¡ gp¡L$p¡ dpV¡$ sdpfu dpm b„^phhp_u
L$dgp_¡ gpÁey„ ApV$gp„ dp¡V$p„ b¡ dL$p_p¡ bsphu_¡ fY$_¡ gu^¡ d¢ sd_¡ `¡V$R|>V$u hps L$fu v$u^u.''
^hg iy„ L$l¡hp dpNsp¡ li¡ ? A¡Z¡ d_p¡d_ _½$u L$e¯y.
`p¡sp_p lpg_p dL$p__y„ A¡¼kV¡$Þi_ L$fi¡ sp¡ Ap L$dgp sp¡ SpZ¡ L„$C S> kp„cmsu _ lsu.
Sps_u dp¡V$u b¡X$ê$dp¡ fMphi¡. bpfuAp¡ gp¡-g¡hg¡
dyL$phi¡ S>¡\u b¡X$ `f `h_ Aph¡... `h_\u S> `„Mp A¡_¡ L$m hmu Ðepf¡ A¡Z¡ _rg__¡ `|Rey„
af¡... `„Mp\u `h_ _rl. ""dp¡ÞVy$_u Ap`Z_¡ kfâpCT Ap`hp_u hps s_¡
Ndu?''
_rg_¡ sp¡ b„_¡ dL$p_p¡_u dp¡L$mpi A_¡
kNhX$p¡_¡ M|b hMpZu... ^hg Ap`Z¡ D`f bp„^uA¡ ""Ndhp _ Ndhp_u Ap`Z_¡ sL$ S> ¼ep„
sp¡ qX$TpC_ âdpZ¡... dmu R>¡? A¡ S>¡V$gp¡ Ap`Zp¡ v$uL$fp¡ R>¡, A¡\u
h^pf¡ A¡ L¡$sL$u_p¡ hf R>¡ _¡ A¡\ue h^pf¡ Ap`Zp
^hg hÃQ¡ bp¡gu EWép¡. h¡hpC_p¡ S>dpC R>¡. hps Ðep„ S> `su Spe R>¡. lh¡
dpdgp¡ Ap`Zp lp\dp„ füp¡ _\u... Ap`Z¡ sp¡ lh¡
""L$pL$p, sdpf¡ dL$p_ bp„^hp_u S>ê$f S> _\u. bpL$u_u tS>v$Nu A¡ Apàep L$f¡ A¡ kfâpCT õhuL$pep®
sd¡ S>¡_¡ dpV¡$ dL$p_ bp„^hp_u ep¡S>_p L$fsp lsp s¡_y„ L$fhp_u.''

õhpÝepe

1. hpsp®_p Ap^pf¡ gMp¡. 2. ApL©$rs b„^ `|Z® L$fp¡.

(A) v„$`su_u QQp® L$fhp_u V¡$h_¡ dm¡gy„ g¡bg -

(Ap) dp¡ÞVy$ kpky-kkfp kp\¡ afhp Nep¡ - r`
sp
(B) dpsp-r`sp dpV¡$ gph¡gp L$pSy>_y„ hS>_ - `Ð_u Ar_L¡$s rdÓ
dp
(C) kpky-kkfp dpV¡$ gph¡gp L$pSy>_y„ hS>_ - sp

3. "kfâpCT' iuj®L$_u e\p\®sp hZ®hp¡.

4. "kpky hlz_p k„b„^p¡ - dpÞesp, c°dZp hpõsrhL$sp' sdpfp iåv$p¡dp„ gMp¡.

5. "ApS>_p dpsp-r`sp_¡ dmsu kfâpCT - gÁ_ bpv$ `yÓ_y„ bv$gpe¡gy„ hs®_' A„N¡ sdpfp rhQpfp¡ S>Zphp¡.

100

4. b¸ÞL$ b¸g¡Þk

^d£ÞÖtkl fpW$p¡X$

L$V$pfg¡ML$ A_¡ hpsp®L$pf ^d£ÞÖtkl fpW$p¡X$_p¡ S>Þd 19-4-54_p fp¡S> dÝeâv¡$i_p k¡dguepdp„ \ep¡
lsp¡. s¡d_p "hsy®m blpf_u gpNZu' A_¡ "^bL$pf' hpsp®k„N°lp¡ s\p "Ly„$`m guguR>d' S>¡hp gOyL$\pk„N°l
âL$pris \ep R>¡. rhrh^ kpdreL$p¡ A_¡ hs®dp_`Óp¡dp„ s¡Ap¡ L$V$pf gM¡ R>¡.

ÓuSp dpm¡ Aph¡g Adpfp ãg¸V$_p„ `Nr\ep„ L$dg O¡f Apìep¡ Ðepf¡ a¸rdgu X$p¸¼V$f_¡ kp\¡
v$ffp¡S> Esfhp„ A_¡ QX$hp_p¡ dpfp¡ fp¡S>_p¡ ¾$d lsp¡. gC_¡ Apìep¡ lsp¡. X$p¸¼V$f¡ dpfy„ bu.`u.hN¡f¡ s`põey„.
`f„sy ApS>¡ kp„S>¡ `Nr\ep„ QX$u Ofdp„ v$pMg \ep¡ b^y„ S> _p¡d®g ls„y. lsu sp¡ dpÓ k„sp_p¡_u dpfp
A_¡ ïhpk QXép¡. dpfp ïhpkp¡ÃR¹>hpk_u Nrs Sp¡C sfa_u tQsp.
`yÓh^|A¡ `pZu_p¡ Ágpk V¡$bg `f d|¼ep¡ A_¡ dpfu
`uW$ `f lp\ a¡fhhp gpNu. s¡_p¡ lp\ afsp¡ füp¡. \p¡X$u khpf¡ dp¸r_¯N hp¸L$dp„ A_¡ kp„S>¡ Np„^u `pL®$dp„
hpf¡ lz„ õhõ\ \ep¡. S|>_p rdÓp¡_¡ dþep hNf d_¡ Qpgsy„ _l]. Ap b„_¡
d¡mp` dpfy„ "V$p¸r_L$' ls„y ! L$dg A¡ SpZsp¡ lsp¡. dpfp
""`à`pÆ, lh¡ L¡$d R>¡ ?'' s¡Z¡ `|Rey„. Apòe® hÃQ¡ `„v$f¡L$ qv$hk `R>u frhhpf_u khpf¡ A¡L$
V²$L$ Adpfp ãg¸V$_u _uQ¡ Aphu_¡ Ecp¡ lsp¡.
""kpfy„ R>¡, Ap `Nr\ep„ S>fp TX$`\u QXép¡
A¡V$g¡... A_¡ b¡V$p, lh¡ R>pkW$ \ep„. ¼epf¡L$ \pe ""_ÆL$dp„ kfL$pfu ¼hpV®$f R>¡. Ðep„ N°pDÞX$ ãgp¡f
Aphy„. tQsp _l] L$fhp_u.'' d¢ klS>cph¡ L$üy„. `f Ap`Z¡ fl¡hp S>hp_y„ R>¡.'' L$dg¡ L$üy„.

101

""`Z... Ðep„ spfp `Npfdp„\u dp¡Vy„$ OfcpXy„$ kgpl dm¡g "Sp¡ Sp¡ lp¡... gpNZudp„ Aphu bpmL$p¡
L$`pi¡ A_¡ Ap ãg¸V$_p làsp `Z Q|L$hhp_p. d_¡ `pR>m MQ} _pMsp _l]. Ap dfZd|X$u L$l¡hpe.
`|R>hy„ sp¡ lsy„ !'' Mpspdp„ `¥kp `Xép lp¡e sp¡ h©Ùhõ\pdp„ budpfu kpd¡
gX$u iL$pe. kpfu lp¸[õ`V$gdp„ kpfhpf gC iL$pe.
""`à`pÆ, L¡$V$gpL$ r_Z®e g¡hp_p¡ Ar^L$pf lh¡ `¥kp lp¡e sp¡ bpmL$p¡ `Z kpfk„cpm g¡hpdp„ L$pmÆ
Ad_¡ `Z Ap`p¡.'' `yÓh^|A¡ lku_¡ L$üy„. b`p¡f_p g¡.' hN¡f¡ Y$Ngp¡ kgplk|Q_p¡ rdÓp¡ A_¡ k„b„^uAp¡
A¡L$ hpÁep ky^udp„ _hp Ofdp„ kpdp_ `Z Np¡W$hpC Üpfp dþep„ lsp„, `f„sy lz„ dpfp õhcph âdpZ¡ S>
Nep¡. L$dg b^p dpV¡$ kpfu lp¡V$gdp„\u S>dhp_y„ gC Qpëep¡. `yÓ_¡ ãg¸V$ Mfuv$hp dp¡V$u fL$d Ap`u A_¡
Apìep¡ lsp¡. S>du_¡ b¡-AY$u hpÁe¡ L$dg A_¡ `yÓh^| r_h©rÑ `R>u AÞe L¡$V$gpL$ ìephlpqfL$ MQp®Ap¡ `Z
s¡d_p ê$ddp„ S>C KOu Nep„. `p„Q hj®_p gpgp_¡ dpfp Apìep. `qfZpd¡ b¡ÞL$ b¸g¡Þk¹_y„ srmey„ v¡$Mpey„.
`X$Mpdp„ k|hp_u Apv$s lsu. \p¡X$u hpf¡ A¡ `Z KOu
Nep¡ A_¡ lz„ rhQpfsp¡ füp¡... ApS>¡ Ap Jdf¡ b¸ÞL$ b¸g¡Þk¹ gNcN _rlhs¹.
`f„sy kpd¡ `n¡ S>¡ L$p„C lsy„ A¡ kp¡ V$Q_p kp¡_p S>¡hy„
ApW¡$L$ hj® `l¡gp„ kfL$pfu _p¡L$fudp„\u r_h©Ñ lsy„. gpNZuAp¡\u gQ`Q lsy„.
\ep¡ Ðepf¡ huk¡L$ gpM ê$r`ep Apìep lsp. L¡$V$L¡$V$gu

õhpÝepe

1. hpsp®_p Ap^pf¡ gMp¡.

(1) `à`pÆ_p¡ fp¡S>_p¡ ¾$d -

(2) `Nr\ep„_p¡ âï_ DL¡$ghp L$dg¡ L$f¡gu ìehõ\p -

(3) b¡ÞL$ b¸g¡Þk_y„ srmey„ v¡$Mphp_y„ L$pfZ -

(4) r_h©rÑ kde¡ gp¡L$p¡A¡ Ap`¡gu kgpl -

2. ApL©$rsb„^ `|Z® L$fp¡.

(A) (Ap) $ `à`pÆ_y„
V$p¡r_L

hpsp®_p„
dy¿e`pÓp¡

3. "kpQy„ b¸g¡Þk sp¡ gpNZuAp¡_y„' - sdpfp¡ ds S>Zphp¡.
4. "b¡ÞL$ b¸g¡Þk' hpsp® `f\u sd_¡ dmsp¡ k„v¡$ip¡ gMp¡.

QY$u Aph¡ L$v$u L$p¡C c|¿ep¡, L$p¡C lp„L$u L$pY¡$ R>¡,
_\u L„$C `¡V$ S>¡hy„; AÞ_L|$V$ A¡_¡ S>dpX¡$ R>¡. - Ad©s Opeg

102

kprlÐe Tê$Mp¡

* ep¡Áe `ep®e `k„v$ L$fp¡. (B) Nfbp¡ (C) _hgL$\p
V Aep¡Áe OV$L$ Ap¡mMp¡.
(A) M„X$L$pìe (Ap) kp¸_¡V$

V op_`uW$ A¸hp¡X®$ d¡mh_pf â\d NyS>fpsu L$p¡Z lsp ?
(A) frhi„L$f dlpfpS> (Ap) Ddpi„L$f Sp¡ju (B) L¡$. L$p. ip÷u (C) L$pÞs

V _uQ¡_p `¥L$u L$ey„ sMëgyk fpd_pfpeZ `pW$L$_y„ _\u.

(A) qÜf¡a (Ap) S>erc¿My (B) õh¥frhlpfu (C) i¡j

V "h¥óZhS>_ sp¡ s¡_¡ L$luA¡' Ap `„[¼s L$ep L$rh_u R>¡ ?

(A) _ftkl dl¡sp (Ap) AMp¡ (B) vy$gp cNs (C) dufp„bpC

V â¡dp_„v$_u L$C L©$rs v$f Q¥Ó dpkdp„ Nhpe R>¡ ? (C) kyv$pdpQqfÓ
(A) Ly„$hfbpC_y„ dpd¡fy„ (Ap) Ap¡MplfZ (B) _mp¿ep_

V Sp`p_ v¡$i_p¡ L$ep¡ kprlÐeâL$pf NyS>fpsu kprlÐedp„ Apìep¡ R>¡ ?

(A) dy¼sL$ (Ap) lpCLy$ (B) kp¸_¡V$ (C) M„X$L$pìe

V rhïhL$npA¡ \e¡gp hpsp®k„Qedp„ "^|dL¡$sy'_u L$C hpsp®_¡ õ\p_ dþey„ lsy„ ?
(A) rbrg`Ó (Ap) kp¡_¡fu `„Mu (B) c¥epv$pv$p (C) `p¡õV$ Ap¸qak

V â\d NyS>fpsu V|„$L$uhpsp®_y„ iuj®L$ iy„ lsy„ ?
(A) îphZu d¡mp¡ (Ap) Np¡hpgZu (B) ÓZ AX$^y„ b¡ (C) Sy>dp¡ cuõsu

V "rhipm¡ S>N rhõsf¡ _\u A¡L$ dp_hu, `iy R>¡, `nu R>¡ h_p¡_u R>¡ h_õ`rs'-â¿eps `„[¼s
¼ep L$rh_u R>¡ ?

(A) bpgdyLy„$v$ v$h¡ (Ap) TuZpcpC v¡$kpC (B) lfuÞÖ v$h¡ (C) Ddpi„L$f Sp¡iu

V L$pL$p L$pg¡gL$f_¡ ¼e„y rbê$v$ Ap`hpdp„ Apìey„ R>¡ ?
(A) NyS>fps_p¡ _p\ (Ap) khpC NyS>fpsu (B) NyZh„s NyS>fpsu (C) NyS>fps âlfu

V "kp¸_¡V$' L$pìedp„ L¡$V$gu `„[¼s lp¡e R>¡ ?

(A) `„v$f (Ap) Qp¥v$ (B) bpf (C) s¡f

V "lpV$ ' - sm`v$p iåv$_y„ rióV$ê$` Ap`p¡.

(A) bv$gp¡ (Ap) bSpf (B) kp\¡ (C) lp\

103

V "lpÆ L$pkd, spfu huS>mu f¡' gp¡L$Nusdp„ huS>mu L$p¡_y„ _pd R>¡ ?

(A) qV$qL$V$ (Ap) ApNbp¡V$ (B) dp_hu (C) Sp_

V dlpfpóV²$ fpÄe `pWé`yõsL$ d„X$m-`yZ¡_p L$pep®ge_¡ ¼ep _pd¡ Ap¡mMhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡ ?

(A) bpgcpfsu (Ap) rhÛpcpfsu (B) kfõhsu kv$_ (C) rinp kv$_

V "su\p£Ñd' L$pìe_p¡ kprlÐe âL$pf ¼ep¡ R>¡ ?

(A) lpCLy$ (Ap) kp¸_¡V$ (B) AR>p„v$k (C) cS>_

V "âhpk A¡V$g¡ lpgsu Qpgsu rhÛp`uW$' -D[¼s L$p¡_u R>¡ ?

(A) õhpdu Ap_„v$ (Ap) L$pL$pkpl¡b L$pg¡gL$f

(B) õhpdu k[ÃQv$p_„v$ (C) L$_¥epgpg dy_iu

V `fv¡$iu R>p¡X$ sfuL¡$ Ap¡mMpsp¡ kprlÐe âL$pf ¼ep¡ ?

(A) gOyL$\p (Ap) _hgL$\p (B) V|„$L$uhpsp® (C) âhpkhZ®_

V TuZpcpC fs_Æ v¡$kpC_y„ sMëgyk iy„ R>¡ ?

(A) O_íepd (Ap) v$i®L$ (B) õ_¡lf[íd (C) i¡j

V "I^Zp huZhp NC'su dp¡fu k¥ef' Nus_p fQresp L$p¡Z R>¡ ?

(A) fpS>¡ÞÖ ipl (Ap) fd¡i `pf¡M (B) kyf¡i v$gpg (C) apëNy_u `pW$L$

V Adfs L$pL$u, d„Ny `pÓp¡ L$C L©$rs_p R>¡ ?

(A) cpf¡gp¡ A[Á_ (Ap) Ad©sp (B) gp¡lu_u kNpC (C) L$ë`sfy

V ¼ep NyS>fpsu kprlÐeL$pf_¡ op_`uW$ A¸hp¡X®$ âpàs \ep¡ _\u ?

(A) _d®v$ (Ap) fpS>¡ÞÖ ipl (B) `Þ_pgpg `V¡$g (C) Ddpi„L$f Sp¡ju

V "`l¡gp¡ hfkpv$'_p L$rh L$p¡Z R>¡ ?

(A) dL$f„v$ v$h¡ (Ap) lfuÞÖ v$h¡ (B) h¡ZucpC `yfp¡rls (C) Arh_pi ìepk

V NÛ v¡$l¡ rhQfsy„ Erd®L$pìe A¡V$g¡ ?

(A) V|„$L$uhpsp® (Ap) âhpkhZ®_ (B) _hgL$\p (C) ApÐdL$\p

V Sp¡X$Zu_u ×[óV$A¡ kpQp¡ iåv$ Ap¡mMp¡.

(A) õsyrs (Ap) õsysu (B) õs|rs (C) õs|su

V _uQ¡_pdp„\u L$ep¡ tkl_p¡ `ep®ehpQu iåv$ _\u.

(A) kphS> (Ap) h_fpS> (B) L¡$kfu (C) L$r`g

104

Q ìepL$fZ Q

Ag„L$pf

Ag„L$pf A¡ cpjp_p¡ iZNpf R>¡. L$\__¡ ky„v$f kQp¡V$ A_¡ fk`|Z® b_phhp dpV¡$, Ag„L$pfp¡
h`fpe R>¡. L¡$V$gpL$ Ag„L$pfp¡_p¡ - Aæepk Ap`Z¡ ^p¡fZ v$kdp A_¡ ArNepfdpdp„ L$ep£. buSp
L¡$V$gpL$ dlÒh_p Ag„L$pfp¡ _uQ¡ dyS>b R>¡.

(1) ×óV$p„s Ag„L$pf : D`d¡e_¡ D`dp_ kp\¡ rkÙ L$fhp A¡_p S>¡hy„ S> buSy>„ Dv$plfZ Ap`¡gy„ lp¡e
s¡_¡ ×óV$p„s Ag„L$pf L$l¡ R>¡. Al] A¡L$ lL$uL$s_¡ buSp Dv$plfZ\u õ`óV$ L$fu R>¡.

v$p.s. - `ump„ `Zp£ L$v$u _\u \sp„ L$p¡C L$pm¡ S> gugp„

cp„Áep„ l¥ep„ afu _\u \sp„ L$p¡C L$pm¡ fkugp„...

S>¡d `ump„ `p_ L$v$u afu\u gugp„ _ \C iL¡$ s¡d cp„Áep l¥ep„ afu\u `l¡gp„ S>¡hp„ fkugp„ _ b_u
iL¡$.

(2) ìersf¡L$ Ag„L$pf : Äepf¡ D`d¡e_¡ D`dp_\u QqX$epsy„ bsphpe R>¡ s¡_¡ ìersf¡L$ Ag„L$pf
L$l¡ R>¡. Al] A¡L$ hõsy, `qf[õ\rs L¡$ ìe[¼s_¡ AÞe hõsy, `qf[õ\rs L¡$ ìe[¼s\u QqX$epsp
bsphpe R>¡.

v$p.s. - (1) fp^p_y„ dyM Q„Ö\uA¡ ky„v$f R>¡.

Al] fp^p_p dyM_¡ Q„Ö L$fsp„ QqX$epsy„ bsphpey„ R>¡.

(2) hfk¡ OX$uL$ ìep¡d hpv$mu f¡ gp¡g, dpX$u_p¡ d¡O bpf¡ dpk f¡...
(3) A¡ sp¡ dlpv¡$h\u A¡ dp¡V$p R>¡.

(3) A_Þhe Ag„L$pf : Äepf¡ D`d¡e_¡ D`d¡e kp\¡ S> kfMphpe R>¡, AÞe L$p¡C D`dp_ lp¡sy„ S>
_\u s¡_¡ A_Þhe Ag„L$pf L$l¡hpe R>¡. A¡V$g¡ L¡$ (A\p®s¹) Ap`¡g D`d¡e S>¡hy„ AÞe L$iy„ S>
_\u A¡hy„ v$ip®hpe R>¡.

v$p.s. - (1) dp s¡ dp - Al] dp S>¡hy„ AÞe L$p¡C _\u. dp_u syg_p AÞe L$p¡C kp\¡ L$v$u

_ \C iL¡$, s¡hy„ v$ip®hpe R>¡.

(2) Np„^uÆ s¡ Np„^uÆ. (3) rldpge A¡V$g¡ rldpge.

(4) gÿdu s¡ gÿdu. (5) cpC s¡ cpC.

(4$) Arsiep¡[¼s Ag„L$pf : Äepf¡ D`d¡e_¡ Akp^pfZ bsphpe R>¡ A_¡ D`dp_ L$fsp„ s¡_¡
Ar^L$NÏ„ v$ip®hpe L¡$ s¡_¡ Arsiep¡[¼s Ag„L$pf L$l¡ R>¡.

v$p.s. - (1) d|rs®_u rhfpV$sp nZhpf ùv$e_¡ ^bL$sy„ AV$L$phu v¡$ R>¡.

d|rs® rhfpV$ R>¡ `Z s¡_¡ ùv$e_p ^bL$pfp AV$L$u S>hp_u q¾$ep kp\¡ Sp¡X$u
Arsiep¡[¼s L$fpC R>¡.

105

(2) b°ûp„X$_p `pep X$NdN¡ R>¡.
(3) rihpÆA¡ sghpf L$pY$u _¡ lSpfp¡ ep¡Ùp Y$mu `Xép.
(5) ìepS>õsyrs Ag„L$pf : Äepf¡ D`d¡e A_¡ D`dp_dp„ t_v$p hX¡$ hMpZ A_¡ hMpZ hX¡$ t_v$p

L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ s¡_¡ ìepS>õsyrs Ag„L$pf L$l¡hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.
v$p.s.- (1) Af¡ ! sdpfp v$p„s SpZ¡ gkZ_u L$mu !
Al] v$p„s gkZ_u L$mu S>¡hp `ump R>¡ s¡ lL$uL$s_¡ hMpZê$`¡ fS|> L$fhpdp„
Aphu R>¡.
(2) iy„ sdpfu blpvy$fu ! S>¡ Sp¡C_¡ Jv$f _pW$p ...!
(3) Af¡ sd¡ sp¡ lufp¡ ! R>¡ëgu `pV$guA¡ b¡k_pfp !
(6) rhfp¡^pcpk Ag„L$pf : Äepf¡ b¡ AgNAgN hõsyAp¡_¡ A¡L$u kp\¡ fS|> L$fsp„ - rhfp¡^ DÐ`Þ_

\pe/rhfp¡^_p¡ Apcpk DÐ`Þ_ \pe s¡_¡ rhfp¡^pcpk Ag„L$pf L$l¡hpe.
v$p.s.- (1) S>¡W$ s`u füp¡ S>Ndp„ f¡, A¡_¡ îphZ Ap„M¡,
Al] ^p¡d^Msp S>¡W$dp„ `Z îphZ Arhfs hl¡ R>¡. Ap„M¡\u rhfp¡^u
`qf[õ\rs_p¡ cph R>¡.

õhpÝepe

· Ag„L$pf Ap¡mMp¡ :
(1) lufp s¡ lufp A_¡ L$pQ s¡ L$pQ.
(2) A¡d_u hpZu sp¡ Ad©s\ue¡ duW$u R>¡.
(3) l¡ tk^y, sy„ Mpfp¡ R>¡, R>sp„ Adufk cep£ R>¡.
(4) A¡ _pV$L$ A¡V$gy„ L$fyZ L¡$, r\e¡V$f¡ Aîy-kpNf b_u Ney„.
(5) lgL$p sp¡ `pf¡hp_u `p„M\u dlpv¡$h\ue¡ dp¡V$pÆ.
(6) R>N_ dpeL$p„Ngp¡ _\u, `p`X$sp¡X$ `l¡ghp_ R>¡.
(7) A_¡ b^u `pR>u lhpdp„ TpX$ lg¡ A¡d hp„L$u hmu lkhp gpNu.
(8) QpL$f_u byrÙ s¡ QpL$f S>¡hu.
(9) KQu_uQu aep® L$f¡ Æh__u OV$dpm, cfsu A¡_u Ap¡V$ R>¡, Ap¡V$ `R>u Sy>hpm.
(10) s¡_p ^_yóeV„$L$pf_u kp\¡ S> iÓyAp¡A¡ Æhhp_u Apip R>p¡X$u v$u^u.
(11) `h_`p„M¡ EX$sy„ lfZbÃQy„ Ap¡tQsy S> kpd¡ riL$pfu_¡ Sp¡sp„ aaX$u EW¡$ A¡d Np¡hp_u lpS>fudp„ k„su aaX$u EW$u.
(12) v$p„sfXy„$ Qgphsu lp¡e A¡d "L$f`' L$fsp„L$_¡ õ_¡luS>__p khpg_¡ L$p`u _p¿ep¡.
(13) ApL$pi^fp Ðep„ L„$àep„, X$p¡ëep„ Qp¥v$ b°ûp„X$.

106

_hfk

kprlÐe A¡V$g¡ _hfk_y„ rdîZ. fk A¡ kprlÐe_y„ ùv$e R>¡. S>¡d Mpfp¡, MpV$p¡, suMp¡ L¡$ Nþep¡
fk fkp¡C_p¡ õhpv$ h^pf¡ s¡d kprlÐe_p _hfk kprlÐe_p¡ Apõhpv$ h^pf¡ R>¡. iåv$, R>V$p, A_¡
gMpZ_u rgr` fk\u dS>b|s b_¡ R>¡. L$pìeip÷dp„ fk_y„ rhi¡j dlÒh NZpey„ R>¡. fk_¡ gu^¡ S>
kprlÐe fyrQL$f b_¡ R>¡. fk iåv$p¡_¡ dW$pf¡ R>¡ A_¡ hp„Q__p¡ fk S>NpX¡$ R>¡. kprlÐe_p _hfkp¡dp„
i©„Npffk, L$ê$Zfk, huffk, cep_L$fk, ip„sfk, fp¥Öfk, lpõefk, Av¹$cysfk A_¡ bucÐkfk R>¡.

(1) i©„Npffk : i©„Npffk A¡ â¡dfk R>¡. L$ë`_p, fp¡dp„Q A_¡ lL$uL$sdp„ Ap fk R>gL¡$ R>¡. Ap
fk Æh_dp„ Apip k]Q¡ R>¡. gp¡L$dp_k `f s¡_u KX$u R>p` R>¡. L$prgv$pk¡ d¡Ov|$sdp„ s\p
cs©®lqfA¡ i©„NpfisL$dp„ Ap fk_¡ k]Ãep¡ R>¡.

v$p.s. - râe¡, syS> gV¡$ ^{„$ ^hg õhÃR> dp¡Nfp¡,
_l], r_¼V$ A¡r\ `k® lL$ Ap kd¡ dplfp¡. - b.L$.W$pL$p¡f

(2) L$ê$Zfk : L$ê$Zfk A¡ v$v®$, vy$:M L¡$ rhfl_y„ Ûp¡sL$ R>¡. Ap fk Ap„ky hl¡hX$ph¡ s¡hp¡ âbm R>¡.
L$ê$Zfk `Õ\f qv$g_¡ `Z `uNmphhp_u ndsp ^fph¡ R>¡. "ArcSps ipLy„$sgd¹'dp„ iLy„$sgp_u
rhv$pe kde¡ h_, h¡gu, h©np¡ fX$sp„ v$ip®ìep„ R>¡.

v$p.s. - L$pmSp L¡$fp¡ L$V$L$p¡ dpfp¡ Np„W$\u R|>V$u Nep¡,
ddsp ê$A¡ ApS> h¡mydp„ hufX$p¡ awV$u Nep¡... - vy$gpcpep L$pN

(3) huffk : huffk ip¥e® A_¡ blpvy$fu_¡ v$ip®h¡ R>¡. eyÙ, gXpC_p„ hZ®_dp„ huffk R>gL¡$ R>¡. _d®v$
S>¡hp L$rh gp¡L$dp_k_¡ S>NpX$hp huffk kcf L$rhsp gMu Q¡s_p k]Q¡ R>¡.

v$p.s. - "klz Qgp¡ Æshp S>„N åeyNg hpN¡
ep lp¡d L$fu_¡ `X$p¡ as¡l R>¡ ApN¡... - _d®v$

(4) cep_L$fk : ùv$edp„ AZtQsìep Öíe_¡ Sp¡sp„ A\hp s¡_y„ d__ L$fsp„ D`S>su gpNZu L¡$ ce
A¡ cep_L$fk R>¡. X$fpdZp ×íe, õdip__y„ hZ®_ L$fhp dpV¡$ cep_L$fk_p¡ D`ep¡N \pe R>¡.
cep_L$fk cgcgp_¡ ^°ySph¡ s¡hp¡ lp¡e R>¡.

v$p.s. - kykhpV$p dpfsp `h_\u A\X$psu bpfuAp¡...
huS>mu Nyg A_¡ bmsu dpÓ A¡L$ duZbÑu...

(5) ip„sfk : d_yóe ùv$e_¡ ip„sfk ip„rs âv$p_ L$f¡ R>¡. Ap fk \L$u L$pd, ¾$p¡^, S>¡hp¡ cph ip„s
\C, â¡d A_¡ h¥fpÁe_u `y[óV$ \pe R>¡.

v$p.s. - d¥Óucph_y„ `rhÓ TfÏ„ dyS> l¥epdp„ hüp L$f¡, - rQÓcp_y
iyc \pAp¡ Ap kL$m rhïh_y„ A¡hu cph_p r_Ðe fl¡.

107

(6) fp¥Öfk : ùv$edp„ ¾$p¡^ kp\¡ EW$sp sp¡ap__u gpNZu A¡ S> fp¥Öfk R>¡. rih sp„X$h, A„bpdp_p¡
drljpkyf_¡ lZhp dpV¡$ âL$p¡`, c|L„$`, `|f, Arsh©[óV$, Ðky_pdu_u OV$_p hZ®hp fp¥Öfk
âep¡Spe R>¡.

v$p.s. - Ecp¡ f¡' S>¡ ...... ÓpX$ `X$u R>¡ Ecp¡ f¡' S>¡,

Nuf_p Ly$Ñp sy„ Ecp¡ f¡' S>¡...

L$pmdyMp sy„ Ecp¡ f¡' S>¡... - Th¡fQ„v$ d¡OpZu

(7) lpõefk : Æh_dp„ OV$¡gu rh_p¡v$u OV$_p_y„ hZ®_ lpõefk\u \pe R>¡. Æh_ lgLy„$ awgLy„$ b_¡
R>¡. d_ âaz[ëgs fl¡ R>¡. d_yóe sZphdy¼s fl¡ R>¡ A_¡ Æh_ fkde b_¡ R>¡.

v$p.s. - v¡$hsp sfuL¡$ s_¡ õhN®dp„ _l] Æfhpe,

A¡ X$f\u S> hpf„hpf lz„ `©Õhu `f Aphy„ Ry>„.

(8) Av¹$cysfk : ùv$edp„ EW$su Agp¥qL$L$sp L¡$ rhõde cph_u gpNZu, QdÐL$pf, hN¡f¡ Av¹$cysfk\u
hZ®hu iL$pe R>¡. Ap fk kp¦v$e®_y„ âsuL$ R>¡. Ly$v$fsu ×íe, awg, Spvy$Nf_p M¡g, hN¡f¡dp„ Ap fk
TmL¡$ R>¡. ìe[¼sNs NyZ `Z Av¹$cysfk v$ip®h¡ R>¡.

v$p.s. - ""rhipm¡ S>N rhõsf¡ _\u A¡L$ dp_hu,

`iy R>¡ `nu R>¡ h_p¡_u R>¡ h_õ`rs''

(9) bucÐkfk : ùv$edp„ Sy>Nyàkp, AZNdp¡ L¡$ Aïgug cph, D`Sphsu gpNZu bucÐkfk
v$ip®h¡ R>¡. eyÙ_p hZ®_, L¡$ bmpÐL$pf S>¡hu vy$O®V$_p_p hZ®_dp„ bucÐkfk ârstbrbs \pe R>¡.

v$p.s. - `u`mp_p„ k|L$p„ `p_ Mf¡ s¡d
gpi_p Y$Ngp \hp gpÁep
dp„k_p¡ L$uQX$ \ep¡ _¡

gp¡lu_u _v$uAp¡ hl¡hp gpNu''...

õhpÝepe

· `„[¼sAp¡dp„ kdprhóV$ fk Ap¡mMp¡ :
(1) S>m \m `p¡L$pf¡ \f\fu ; (2) MP¹$N_¡ dp„X$h¡ M¡ghp lp¡ !
L$bfy„_u S>Áep flu _h S>fu. dpf¡ fZgugp_p L$p¡X$.

(3) h]^pe R>¡ `yó` A_¡L$ bpN_p (4) `p_ gugy„ Sp¡ey„ _¡ sd¡ epv$ Apìep,
`]Mpe R>¡ `p„M kyfçe `„Mu_u SpZ¡ dp¡kd_p¡ `l¡gp¡ hfkpv$ Tuëep¡ fpN.

(5) v$i¡ qv$ipA¡ A¡_p¡ l]QL$p¡ rlgp¡msp¡ (6) A„^pfu fps (7) kmN¡ R>¡, Sp¡
A¡_y„ ê$` R>¡ Aê$` L$p¡ rhfpV$ cep_L$ S>„Ng NpY$ AptgN_\u
L$pfdu Quk Ap A„N¡A„N.

108

rhi¡jZ-rhi¡óe

A¼kuf v$hp ASp¡X$ D`pe AX$pbuX$ S>„Ng ApL$fu L$kp¡V$u
Ar_hpe® k„Sp¡N AZ^pfu Apas
A¡L$gv$p¡L$g dykpaf L$X$L$X$su W„$X$u Adp_yju AÐepQpf L$pmp¡ L¡$f
L$pmy„ cçdf M|_Mpf S>„N
O¡O|f hX$gp¡ Op¡f A„^L$pf L$X$hp¡ O|„V$X$p¡ L$pfdu Quk
Qp„`su s`pk Qp¢L$ph_pfu rhNsp¡
X$püp¡ X$dfp¡ sydyg eyÙ Np„Xy„$ s|f O_Op¡f ApL$pi
_hy„ _L$p¡f _ufh ip„rs
byg„v$ AhpS> bX$bX$sp¡ A[Á_ Æhg¡Z AL$õdps W„$X$u ¾|$fsp
ê$`ê$`_p¡ A„bpf gugy„ R>d
kZkZsp¡ S>hpb k_k_pV$ucep¯ kdpQpf ^p¡d^Msp¡ sp` ^p¡^dpf hfkpv$
k|khpsp¡ `h_ kp¡ V$Q_y„ kp¡_y„
`W$pZu ìepS> bmbmsp¡ b`p¡f

dp¢Oy„ v$pV$ fpdbpZ CgpS>

kdu kp„S> kmNsp¡ âï_

kp¡m Ap_u `pL$ lL$X¡$W$W$ d¡v$_u

h¡fZ huS>mu ^d^p¡L$pf ^„^p¡

lmplm T¡f h¡^L$ ×[óV$

õhpÝepe

· Mpgu S>Áepdp„ ep¡Áe rhi¡jZ/ rhi¡óe gMp¡ : (3) L$X$L$X$su --- (4) --- O|„V$X$p¡
(1) ---hX$gp¡ (2) kmNsp¡ --- (7) ASp¡X$ --- (8) --- Apas
(5) --- CgpS> (6) ^p¡^dpf---

dp¡su_p v$pZp S>¡hp Anf D`dp _fd O¢i L¡$ duZ S>¡hy„
v|$^ S>¡hy„ ES>my„ dgdg S>¡hy„ TuÏ„
Ly„$cL$Z® S>¡hp KOZiu Ly$dmy„ L$mu S>¡hy„ W„$Xy„$ Npf (bfa, rld) S>¡hy„
KV$ (L¡$ spX$) S>¡hy„ KQy„ Nfd gpe S>¡hy„ sghpf_u ^pf S>¡hy„ suÿZ
v$qfep S>¡hy„ KXy„$ Nfub Npe S>¡hy„ suMy„ dfQp S>¡hy„
d^ S>¡hy„ Nþey„
QpdX$p S>¡hy„ QhX$

109

hÇ> S>¡hy„ L$W$Z `h_ S>¡hy„ Q„Qm sfZp S>¡hy„ syÃR>
T¡f (L¡$ hM) S>¡hy„ L$X$hy„ v$uhp S>¡hy„ Qp¡¿My„ Np¡L$mNpe S>¡hy„ ^udy„
L„$Q_ S>¡hu L$pep Ny„v$f S>¡hy„ QuL$Ï„ ^p¡e¡gy„ d|mp S>¡hy„
r_dL$lgpg L|$sfp S>¡hy„ SpXy„$ `pX$p S>¡hy„ rhfpV$ b°ûp„X$ S>¡hy„
buL$Z kkgp S>¡h„y cp¡my„ `pf¡hp S>¡hy„ iyÙ kp¡_p S>¡hy„
rhL$fpm hpO S>¡hy„ guky„ dpMZ S>¡hy„ ky„hpmy„ f¡id S>¡hy„
ka¡v$ l„k S>¡hy„ gyÃQy„ riepm S>¡hy„ ku^y„ kp¡V$p S>¡hy„
kl¡gy„ fds S>¡hy„ lgLy„$ L|$g S>¡hy„ TX$`u huS>mu S>¡hy„

õhpÝepe

· D`dp k„b„r^s ep¡Áe Sp¡X$u Sp¡X$p¡.
"A' S|>\ "Ap' S|>\

(1) Nþey„ (A) f¡id
(2) ky„hpmy (Ap$) dgdg

(3) lgLy„$ (B) Np¡L$mNpe
(4) Tuτ (C) d^
(5) ^udy„ (D) awg

DÃQpf kpçe - A\®c¡v$hpmp iåv$p¡

A_g (-m) - A[Á_ Ar_g - `h_
A`¡np - BÃR>p, Apip D`¡np - rsfõL$pf, b¡v$fL$pfu
Aaf - af¡ _rl A¡hy„, AQg, r_òg Aam - r_óam, _L$pdy„, hp„rTey„
AbS> - NprZrsL$ k„¿ep AS>b - _hpC E`S>¡ A¡hy„
Arc_e - h¡i cS>hhp¡ s¡ Arc_h - sv¹$_ _hy„, riMpD
Ahf - buSy>„, Dsfsy„ Ahm - Ahmy„, hp„Ly„$
ApS> - ApS>¡ Ap S> - Ap rh_p L$p¡C _rl.
Apfk - k„N¡dfdf_p¡ `Õ\f Apmk - A¡v$u`Ï„, kyõsu
C_pd - brnk Cdp_ - âpdprZL$sp

110

DNpX$hy„ - EN¡ A¡d L$fhy„ DOpX$hy„ - Mp¡ghy„

D`lpf - c¡V$ D`plpf - _põsp¡, Aë`plpf

L$W$p¡f - L$W$Z; v$ep hNf_y„ L$W$p¡m - v$pm b_phu iL$pe A¡hy„

A_pS>

L¡$i - hpm L¡$k - dyL$v$dp¡

L¡$fp„ - L¡$fX$u_p„ am L¡$mp„ - L¡$m_p„ am

Mfy„ - kpQy„ Mmy„ - L$Zkgp„dp„\u A_pS>

L$pY$hp_u S>Np

N©l - Of N°l - `©Õhu, iy¾$, hN¡f¡ N°l

QfZ - `N QgZ - _pτ; Adg

rQf - gp„bp hMs ky^u; gp„by„ Quf - f¡idu h÷; Qufu

Q|L$ - c|g; L$kf Q|„L$ - _p_u Mugu,

`¡V$_u Ap„L$X$u

S>N - S>Ns S>„N - eyÙ

S>_dp¡Óu - S>ÞdLy„$X$mu D`f\u Sp¡juA¡ S>d_p¡Óu - S>d_p _v$u_y„ d|m

b_ph¡gu `rÓL$p

S>f - `¥kp¡ S>m - `pZu

X$pd - Q`L$p¡, gp„R>_, V$uL$p¡ v$pd - qL„$ds, ^_

Y$pg - fnL$ hõsy Y$pm - Y$p¡mph, Y$b

s¿s, sMs - tklpk_, fpS>Npv$u s¿sp¡-sMsp¡ - f„Nc|rd; d„Q,

s¼sp¡ (Afukp¡, dY¡$gy„ rQÓ)

sfZu - _p¥L$p sê$Zu - eyhp_ ÷u

sf„N - dp¡Sy>„ syf„N - L¡$v$Mp_y„, Op¡X$p¡

v$p¡iu - L$p`X$ h¡Q_pfp¡ v$p¡ju - A`fp^u

r_^®_ - Nfub r_^_ - dfZ

r_es - _½$u \e¡gy„ s¡ _ues - Cdp_; v$p_s, _¥es

r_ròs - _½$u L$f¡gy„ r_tòs - tQsp hNf_y„

t_v$hy„ - t_v$p L$fhu _]v$hy„ - _L$pdy„ Opk Mp¡v$u L$pY$hy„

`qfZpd - am; _suSp¡ `qfdpZ - dp`, A¡L$d

`prZ - lp\ `pZu - S>m

111

`yf - il¡f, _Nf `|f - `|f¡`|ê„$, S>m_u f¡g
- A¡L$ sm¡gu Mphp_u hp_Nu
`yfu - _Nfu `|fu - â¡d
- dp`, kprbsu
âZh - Ap¡dL$pf âZe - dl¡g
- v$Xp¡
âZpd - _dõL$pf âdpZ - S>Ns, gp¡L$
- tkl_u Nfv$__p hpm
âkpv$ - L©$`p, âkÞ_sp, r_d®msp âpkpv$ - riepmy `pL$
- hlz$, `Ð_u
bp¡g - hQ_ bp¸g - gpM, A¡L$ fL$d
- kpQy„, kpQp`Ï„
ch_ - dL$p_; A[õsÐh cyh_ - `|h£
- c¡mk¡m, rdîZ
epf - v$p¡õs epm - KOhp
- kdS>
frh - k|e®, frhhpf fhu - AZ^pep£ b_ph
- kqfk©` âpZu
h^y - h^pf¡ h^| - `¥kpv$pf
- lp\_y„ Of¡Ï„
gÿe - Ýe¡e gn - d|rs®
- dpV¡$
is - kp¡ ks - A„v$f
- L$f¡gp D`L$pf_¡ c|g_pf
`l¡gp - â\d `l¡gp„

i„L$f - rih k„L$f

kyhp - A¡L$ h_õ`rs_p„ buS>(khp) k|hp

k|S> - kp¡Sp¡ k|T

AL$õdps¹ - A¡L$pA¡L AL$õdps

ip` - bv$vy$hp kp`

kud„s - A¡L$ iyc âk„N îud„s

L$Xy$ - A¡L$ h_õ`rs L$Xy„$

dyfs - dyl|s® (iyc kde) d|fs

kpfy„ - DÑd kpfy

dlu - v$l] dl]

L©$so - L$f¡gp D`L$pf_¡ SpZL$pf L©$sÂ_

õhpÝepe

· A\®c¡v$ gMp¡ : kpg - -----------------
(1) ipg - ----------------- , kp` - -----------------
(2) ip` - ----------------- ,
kl¡S> - -----------------
(3) klS> - ----------------- ,

112

L$l¡hs

"gp¡L$' L¡$ "S>_ kdpS>'dp„ âQrgs D[¼s_¡ gp¡L$p¡[¼s L¡$ L$l¡hs L$l¡hpe R>¡. L$l¡hs A¡V$g¡
`f„`fp\u L$l¡hpsy„ lp¡e s¡hy„ D`ep¡Nu, dpN®v$i®L$, op_ey¼s, A_ychey¼s, k„rnàs, k|ÓpÐdL$,
dprd®L L$\_. \p¡X$pdp„ OÏ„ L$l¡hp_u i[¼s A¡_pdp„ lp¡e R>¡.

S>¡dL¡$ "Ly$dmp¡ R>p¡X$ hpmuA¡ s¡d hm¡.' ENsp R>p¡X$_u Xpmu Ly$dmu lp¡hp\u hpmhu lp¡e A¡
qv$ipdp„ hmu iL$pe$ R>¡. Äepf¡ h©n dp¡Vy„$ \ep bpv$ X$pmu dS>b|s b_u S>sp„ s¡_¡ hpmu iL$psu _\u.
A¡ S >fus¡ dp_hp¡dp„ k„õL$pf fp¡r`s L$fhp dpV¡$ bpëephõ\p î¡óW$ R>¡. dp¡Vy„$ \ep `R>u bpmL$ _hu
bpbsp¡ S>gv$u N°lZ L$fu iL$sy „ _\u. A¡ fus¡ `y¿s ìe[¼s `p¡sp_pdp„ kfmsp\u `qfhs®_ gphu
iL$su _\u.

* _uQ¡ L¡$V$guL$ L$l¡hsp¡ A_¡ s¡_p A\® Apàep R>¡ s¡_p¡ Aæepk L$fuA¡.

(1) A^|fp¡ OX$p¡ R>gL$pe OZp¡. - Ap¡R>u AphX$s lp¡e s¡ h^pf¡ v¡$Mph L$f¡.

Mpgu QZp¡ hpN¡ OZp¡.

(2) Dsphm¡ Ap„bp _ `pL¡$. - Dsphm L$fhp\u L$pd kpfy„ \pe _rl.

(3) vy$L$pmdp„ Ar^L$ dpk. - dyíL¡$gudp„ h^pfp¡ \hp¡.

(4) `N Sp¡C_¡ `R>¡X$u sZpe. - AphL$ dyS>b MQ® L$fhp¡.

(5) `pfL$p cpZ¡ dp¡V$p¡$ gpXy$. - Ap`Zu hõsy L$fsp„ buSp_u hõsy

kpfu gpN¡.

(6) â\d N°pk¡ drnL$p. - âpf„cdp„ S> rhÂ_ _X$hy„.

(7) bL$fy„ L$pY$sp„ KV$ `¡Wy„$. - _p_„y rhÂ_ v|$f L$fhp S>sp„ dp¡Vy„$ rhÂ_ Aphhy„.

L$l¡hsp¡dp„ AdyL$ L$l¡hsp¡ A¡hu R>¡ S>¡d_p¡ A\® A¡L$ S> R>¡. A¡V$g¡ L¡$ A¡L$ S> A\® ^fphsu A¡L$
L$fsp„ h^pf¡ L$l¡hsp¡ R>¡.

(1) L$f¡ s¡hy„ `pd¡. - L$fZu s¡hu cfZu. / hphp¡ s¡hy„ gZp¡.
TpTu L$uX$uAp¡ kp`_¡ spZ¡.
(2) TpTp lp\ frmepdZp. - L$uX$u k„Q¡ _¡ s¡sf Mpe./
gX¡$ rk`pC _¡ S>i S>dpv$pf_¡.
(3) Mp¡v¡$ Jv$f _¡ cp¡Nh¡ cp¡qf„N. - S>¡hu cph_p s¡hu rkrÙ.
Äepf¡ hm¡ `fk¡hp¡ Ðepf¡ dm¡ d¡hp¡.
^ufS>_p„ am duW$p„.

(4) v$p_s s¡hu bfL$s. -

(5) af¡ s¡ Qf¡ _¡ bp„Ýey„ c|M¡ df¡. -

(6) Dsphm¡ Ap„bp _ `pL¡$. -

113

* Äepf¡ L¡$V$guL$ L$l¡hsp¡ A¡hu R>¡ S>¡ A¡L$buSp\u rhfyÙ A\® ^fph¡ R>¡.

(1) _ bp¡ghpdp„ _h NyZ. - bp¡g¡ s¡_p„ bp¡f h¡Qpe.
(2) TpTp lp\ frmepdZp. - TpTp fkp¡Cep fkp¡C bNpX¡$.
(3) dpÁep L$fsp„ dfhy„ cgy„. - dpÁep rh_p dp `Z _ `ufk¡.
(4) rhïhpk¡ hlpZ Qpg¡. - rhïhpk kNp bp`_p¡e _rl.
(5) _çey„ s¡ cNhp__¡ Nçey„. - _uQu bp¡fX$u kp¥ L$p¡C T|X¡$.
(6) OfX$p„ NpX$p„ hpm¡. - kpW¡$ byrÙ _pW$u.

õhpÝepe

1. _uQ¡_u L$l¡hs_u rhfyÙp\} L$l¡hs gMp¡ :

(1) _ bp¡ëepdp„ _hNyZ. (2) dp„Áep rh_p dp `Z _ `ufk¡. (3) kpW¡$ byrÙ _pW$u.
(3) hphp¡ s¡hy„ gZp¡.
2. _uQ¡_u L$l¡hs_u kdp_p\} L$l¡hs gMp¡ :

(1) ^ufS>_p„ am duW$p„. (2) gX¡$ rk`pC _¡ S>i S>dpv$pf_¡.

D`¾$d

· _uQ¡_p rQÓp¡ Sp¡C_¡ L$l¡hs Ap¡mMp¡.

114

AfÆ`Ó g¡M_

AfÆ`Ó A¡ `Óg¡M__p¡ A¡L$ rhrióV$ âL$pf R>¡. AfÆL$sp® Sp¡ AkfL$pfL$ `Óg¡M_ L$f¡ sp¡ s¡_p¡
Mpk âcph `X¡$ R>¡.

AfÆ gM_pf¡ _uQ¡_u bpbsp¡_y„ Ýep_ fpMhy„ Sp¡CA¡.
 AfÆ`Ódp„ AfÆ L$f_pf¡ `p¡sp_y„ _pd, kf_pdy„, spfuM, hN¡f¡ õ`óV$ A_¡ kyhpÃe Anf¡

gMhp Sp¡CA¡.
 AfÆ_p¡ l¡sy/rhje/k„v$c® õ`óV$ gMhp.
 S>¡d_¡ AfÆ L$fu lp¡e s¡d_¡ dp_hpQL$ k„bp¡^_ L$fhy„.
 S>ÞdspfuM, i¥nrZL$ gpeL$ps, A_ych hN¡f¡ dyØp õ`óV$ gMhp.
 fk A_¡ fyrQ_p rhjep¡_p¡ Dëg¡M L$fhp¡.
 cpjp_p¡ rh_e`|h®L$ D`ep¡N S>ê$fu R>¡.
 ApÐdrhïhpk A_¡ L$pe®v$nsp S>¡hp NyZp¡_p¡ Dëg¡M L$fhp¡.
 AfÆ`Ó kp\¡ dp„N¡gp âdpZ`Óp¡_u _L$gp¡ buX$hu Sp¡CA¡.
 buX¡$gp„ âdpZ`Óp¡_u _p¢^ AfÆ_p A„s¡ X$pbu bpSy>A¡ L$fhu.
 _uQ¡ AfÆ L$f_pf¡ X$pbu bpSy> klu L$fhu.
 ApS>_p kdedp„ e-mail Üpfp `Z AfÆ dp¡L$gu iL$pe R>¡.
 AfÆ`Ó dp¡L$ghp dpV¡$_u A„rsd spfuM `l¡gp„ AfÆ `lp¢Qsu L$fhu Sp¡CA¡.

Dv$plfZ : (e-mail õhê$`dp„)
_uQ¡_u Spl¡fMbf_p A_yk„^p_dp„ AfÆ L$fp¡.

"dy„bC kdpQpf' sp. 1—&1—&2020

Sp¡CA¡ R>¡.

^p¡. 8\u 10 dpV¡$ NyS>fpsu cpjp rhje rinL$

ep¡Áesp - bu.A¡., bu.A¡X$.

A_ych - rinZn¡Ó¡ gOysd Qpf hj®_p¡ A_ych S>ê$fu.

k„`L®$ - Apv$i® rhÛpge, Np¡f¡Np„h (`ròd), dy„bC 400062.

115

sp. 3—&1—&2020
ârs,
ApQpe®îu,
Apv$i® rhÛpge,
Np¡f¡Np„h (`[òd),
dy„bC 400062.
rhje : NyS>fpsu cpjp rhje_p rinL$_u S>Áep dpV¡$ AfÆ`Ó
k„v$c® : "dy„bC kdpQpf'dp„ sp.1—&1—&2020_p fp¡S> R>`pe¡gu Spl¡fMbf

dp__ue ApQpe®îu,
krh_e S>Zphhp_y„ L¡$ sp.1—&1—&2020_p "dy„bC kdpQpf'dp„ Aph¡g Spl¡fMbfdp„ v$ip®ìep dyS>b
Ap`_u k„õ\pdp„ NyS>fpsu cpjp rhje_p rinL$_u S>ê$f R>¡ s¡_p A_yj„N¡ lz„ Ap AfÆ`Ó dp¡L$g„y Ry>„.
dpfu Jdf 30 hj® R>¡. dpfu dps©cpjp NyS>fpsu R>¡ A_¡ d¢ NyS>fpsu cpjpdp„ S> rinZ d¡mìey„
R>¡. AÝep`_ âÐe¡ dpfu krhi¡j ê$rQ R>¡. d¢ NyS>fpsu rhje kp\¡ bu.A¡. L$ey¯ R>¡ s\p bu.A¡X$._p¡
Aæepk L$ep£ R>¡. ipmp-L$p¡g¡S>dp„ Aæepk_u kp\¡kp\¡ d¢ h¼s©Ðh õ`^p®, r_b„^ õ`^p®, Arc_e,
S>¡hp A_¡L$ L$pe®¾$dp¡dp„ cpN gu^p¡ R>¡, k„Qpg_ L$ey¯ R>¡. hp„Q_, g¡M_ A_¡ k„Nus dpfp ip¡M_p âdyM
rhje R>¡. lz„ R>¡ëgp Qpf hj®\u NyfyLy$m rhÛpge, rhfpfdp„ ^p¡. 8\u 10_p rhÛp\}Ap¡_¡ NyS>fpsu
rhje cZphy„ Ry>.
Sp¡ d_¡ Ap`_u k„õ\pdp„ L$pd L$fhp_u sL$ dmi¡ sp¡ lz„ r_óW$p`|h®L$ afS> bSphui. Ap kp\¡ S>ê$fu
âdpZ`Óp¡ Sp¡Xy„$ Ry>„. Ap`_p kL$pfpÐdL$ âÐeyÑf_u Apip fpMy„ Ry>„. ^Þehpv$.

Ap`_p¡ rhïhpky,
A.b.L$.

45, fpdr_hpk, Apf¡ fp¡X$,
Np¡f¡Np„h (`|h®),
dy„bC 400 063.
e-mail - [email protected]
Sp¡X¡$gp„ âdpZ`Óp¡ -
(1) A¡k.A¡k.ku._y„ âdpZ`Ó A_¡ NyZ`rÓL$p (3) bu.A¡._y„ âdpZ`Ó A_¡ NyZ`rÓL$p
(2) A¡Q.A¡k.ku._y„ âdpZ`Ó A_¡ NyZ`rÓL$p (4) bu.A¡X¹$._y„ âdpZ`Ó A_¡ NyZ`rÓL$p

õhpÝepe

· _uQ¡_u Spl¡fMbf_p A_yk„^p_dp„ AfÆ s¥epf L$fp¡.

Sp¡CA¡ R>¡ - L$p¸çàe|V$f Ap¡`f¡V$f

ep¡Áesp - Ap¡R>pdp„ Ap¡Ry>„ 12 ^p¡fZ `pk, L$p¸çàe|V$f_y„ `pep_y„ op_ AphíeL$.
A_ych - Ap¡R>pdp„ Ap¡R>p¡ 1 hj®_p¡ A_ych S>ê$fu.
k„`L®$ - îufpS>âop A¡kp¡rkA¡V¹$k, A¡d. Æ. fp¡X$, OpV$L$p¡`f (`ròd), dy„bC - 400 086. kde - khpf¡ 10\u kp„S>¡ 6

116

dygpL$ps/kpnpÐL$pf

L$p¡C `Z ìe[¼s_p¡ kpnpÐL$pf L¡$ BÞV$fìey g¡hp¡ A¡ A¡L$ L$mp R>¡. Ap dygpL$ps kdpQpf`Ó
L¡$ v|$fv$i®_ `f fS|> \pe sp¡ gp¡L$p¡ _¡sp-Arc_¡sp-kdpS>k¡hL$ L¡$ kprlÐeL$pf S>¡hp dlp_ycphp¡_p
k„Oj®_u L¡$ Æh_epÓp_u hps, âNrs_u L$\p, s¡Ap¡_p â¡fZpöp¡s A_¡ A„Ns-Æh_ rhi¡ SpZu iL¡$
R>¡. L¡$V$guL$ hMs dygpL$ps g¡_pf âï_p¡_u epv$u b_phu_¡ dp¡L$gu Ap`¡$ R>¡. ApS>¡ sp¡ ap¡_ `f `Z
dygpL$ps g¡hpe R>¡. dygpL$ps g¡su hMs¡ g¡_pf_¡ `l¡g¡\uS> s¡d_p L$pe®n¡Ó, Æh_n¡Ó, AÞeL$pe®_u
SpZL$pfu lp¡hu M|b S>ê$fu R>¡. s¡d_y„ dp_c„N \pe s¡hp âï_p¡ _ `|R>hp Sp¡CA¡. s¡d_u â¡fZpÐdL$
hpsp¡ gp¡L$p¡ ky^u `lp¢Q¡ s¡hp âepk L$fhp Sp¡CA¡.

bp¡g_pf_u hps dygpL$ps `pfv$i®L$ A_¡ kp„cmhp A_¡
hÃQ¡\u _ L$p`hu. âpdprZL$ lp¡hu S>ê$fu bp¡ghpdp„ kdsygp

Akæe A\hp qÜA\} dygpL$ps dpV¡$ õhfdp„ suh°sp L¡$ DÑ¡S>_p
cpjp _ bp¡ghu. AphíeL$ r_edp¡ _ lp¡hu Sp¡CA¡.

dygpL$ps `|Z® \ep bpv$ dygpL$ps g¡_pf¡ V|„$L$p, õ`óV$ k„hpv$ v$fçep_ Al]sl]
Apcpf âNV$ L$fhp¡. âï_p¡ `|R>hp. _ Sp¡hy„.

dygpL$ps g¡_pfdp„ _uQ¡_p NyZp¡ AphíeL$ R>¡.
lpS>fS>hpbu`Ï„, Æopkph©rÑ, kde`pg_, _uX$fsp, kÐehpqv$sp

* ârkÙ kdpS>k¡hL$_u dygpL$ps dpV¡$_p _d|_p âï_p¡ :
(1) Ap`¡ Ap n¡Ódp„ âh¡i L¡$hu fus¡ d¡mìep¡ ?
(2) Ap`_p Æh_dp„ â¡fZp k]Q_pf â¡fZpd|rs® L$p¡Z R>¡ ?
(3) Ap`_p ds¡ kdpS>k¡hp_u kpQu ìep¿ep iy„ R>¡ ?
(4) kdpS>dp„ k¡hp_p _pd¡ Qpgsp ^tsN rhj¡ Ap` iy„ L$l¡ip¡ ?
(5) kdpS>k¡hp A¡ kdpS> `qfhs®__y„ dpÝed R>¡ - Ap A„N¡ Ap`_p¡ ip¡ Arcâpe R>¡ ?
(6) Ap`_p Ap L$pe®dp„ Ap`_p `qfhpf_p¡ L¡$V$gp¡ klep¡N R>¡ ?
(7) Ap`_p L$pe®_p¡ rhfp¡^ L$f_pfp¡ hN® Mfp¡ ? Ap` A¡_p¡ kpd_p¡ L¡$hu fus¡ L$fp¡ R>p¡ ?
(8) DÑd kdpS>k¡hL$dp„ L$ep NyZp¡ lp¡hp Sp¡CA¡ ?
(9) kfL$pf¡ Ap âL$pf_p„ L$pep£dp„ klep¡N L$ep¡® R>¡ ? L¡$hu fus¡ ?
(10) Ap` kdpS>_¡ ip¡ k„v¡$i Ap`hp BÃR>p¡ R>p¡ ?

· ApS> fus¡ sd¡ L$p¡C _¡sp, Arc_¡sp, M¡gpX$u_u dygpL$ps dpV¡$_p âï_p¡ s¥epf L$fp¡.

117

h¼sìe

* h¼sìe s¥epf L$fsu hMs¡ Ýep_dp„ fpMhp_u bpbsp¡ :
· L$ep L$pe®¾$d dpV¡$ h¼sìe s¥epf L$fhp_„y R>¡ s\p h¼sÐh dpV¡$_u kdedep®v$p A_ykpf h¼sìe

s¥epf L$fhy„.
· h¼sìe_u iê$Apsdp„ âõsph_p ê$` h¼sìe, Ðepfbpv$ dy¿e rhje `f_y„ h¼sìe A_¡ R>¡ëg¡

kdp`_ L$fhy„.
· îp¡spAp¡_p¡ fk S>mhpC fl¡ s¡ fus¡ dÝed Nrs A_¡ õ`óV$ DÃQpfZ kp\¡ h¼sìe fS|> L$fhy„.

Al„L$pf_u Aplzrs rh_p Æh_ _L$pdy„.

"lz„... L$fy„- lz„... L$fy„ A¡ S> Aop_sp
iL$V$_p¡ cpf S>¡d ïhp_ spZ¡...'
Al„L$pf A¡V$g¡ l„zL$pf. L$p¡C`Z q¾$ep_p¡ L$sp® `p¡sp_¡ NZhp¡ A¡V$g¡ S> Al„L$pf, `p¡sp_p `v$,
`¥kp, `phf_p¡ Al„L$pf L$fhp¡ A¡ kp¡_p_u \pmudp„ gp¡Y$p_u d¡M kdp_ R>¡. Ap`Z¡ Ap`Zp„ Æh_
eo_¡ kam b_phhp¡ lp¡e sp¡ kp¥ â\d Ap`Z¡ s¡dp„ Ap`Zp„ Al„L$pf_u Aplzrs Ap`hu Sp¡CA¡.
L$pfZ L¡$ Äepf¡ Al„L$pf_p¡ ÐepN L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡, Ðepf¡ v$f¡L$ vy$:Mp¡_p¡ A„s Aphu Spe R>¡ A_¡
kdS>Zi[¼s_u Ap„Mp¡ Mygu Spe R>¡.
ìe[¼sdp„ cg¡_¡ rhrióV$-rhfpV$ i[¼sAp¡ Tmlmsu lp¡e, `f„sy Sp¡ A¡ i[¼sAp¡ Al„L$pf\u
v|$rjs \C NC lp¡e sp¡ A¡_u lpgs rhjtbvy$\u v|$rjs v|$^`pL$ kdu \C Spe R>¡. s¡ v|$^`pL$ S>¡d
_yL$ip_L$pfL$ b_¡ A¡d S> `¡gu i[¼sAp¡ `Z Myv$ s¡ ìe[¼s dpV¡$ S> _yL$ip_L$pfL$ _uhX¡$ R>¡. A¡\u
rh`qfs, ìe[¼sdp„ cg¡_¡ i[¼s kph kpdpÞe õsf¡ rhgksu lp¡e qL„$sy Sp¡ A¡ _d°sp\u d„qX$s \C
Ne¡gu lp¡e sp¡ A¡ kpL$f rdrîs v|$^ kdu \C Spe R>¡. kpL$f rdrîs v|^ S>¡d kp¥_¡ Apiuhp®v$ ê$` b_¡
R>¡ A¡d Ap i[¼s `Z õh `f kp¥_¡ A_yL|$m b_u iL¡$ R>¡, dpV¡$ S> L$üy„ R>¡ L¡$,
Al„L$pf_¡ _p\p¡ d\u, ApS>¡ R>p¡ sp¡ L$pg¡ _\u,
Q|f¡Q|fp¡ L$fp¡ A¡_p¡, lp¡e _l] MfMfp¡.
ìehlpf S>Nsdp„ `Z Ap`Z¡ Sp¡C iL$uA¡ R>uA¡ L¡$ AphX$s ^fphsu `Z Al„L$pfu ìe[¼s
gp¡L$râe b_u iL$su _\u. A¡_p dyL$pbg¡ \p¡X$u Ap¡R>u lp¢riepfu, Aë` AphX$s ^fphsu `Z _d°,
rh_eu ìe[¼s S>gv$u gp¡L$râe b_¡ R>¡. dpV¡$ S> L$l¡hpe R>¡ _¡, "_d¡ s¡ kp¥_¡ Nd¡.'
Al„L$pf L¡$V$gp¡ Msf_pL$ R>¡ A¡ Ap`Z_¡ â¿eps BrslpkL$pf Qpëk® buApX®$_p A¡L$ rh^p_dp„
Sp¡hp dm¡ R>¡. Qpëk®_¡ A¡L$hpf L$p¡C rS>opkyA¡ `|R¹>ey„ L¡$, ""Brslpk_u ApV$gu rhõs©s SpZL$pfu
d¡mìep `R>u sd¡ A¡_u lSpfp¡ OV$_pAp¡dp„\u ip¡ bp¡^ spfìep¡ ?'' Qpëk®_p DÑf_y„ â\d hp¼e
lsy„ L¡$, "cNhp_ S>¡_p¡ _pi Qpl¡ R>¡ s¡_¡ kh® â\d kÑp_p dv$\u `pNg b_ph¡ R>¡.'' A¥rslprkL$

118

OV$_pAp¡_u A¡fZ `f Ap hp¼e A¡V$gy„ kQp¡V$ `yfhpf \pe R>¡ L¡$ S>¡dp„ g¡i `Z ky^pfZp_p¡ AhL$pi _
fl¡. epv$ L$fuA¡ vy$ep£^__¡, A¡_p Al„L$pf¡ dpÓ A¡_p¡ S> _l] kdõs Ly$fyh„i_p¡ _pi L$ep£. rhÛpi[¼sdp„
A„^ b_¡g fphZ_p Al„L$pf_y„ `qfZpd A¡ Apìey„ L¡$ A¡Z¡ kusp sp¡ Nydphu, kp¡_p_u g„L$p Nydphu,
Sp_ Nydphu A_¡ DÄÄhg ei `Z Nydpìep¡. ApS>¡ `Z fphZ_¡ Al„L$pf_y„ âsuL$ dp_u v$f v$i¡fpA¡
A¡_y„ v$l_ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Al„L$pf_p Aphp„ Aphp„ _yL$ip_p¡ _S>f kdn fpMu_¡ L$p¡CL¡$ L$üy„ R>¡ L¡$,
""Al„L$pf A¡ `s__u `pegp¡V$ L$pf R>¡.' A_¡ "b^u S> dlp_ c|gp¡_p `pepdp„ Al„L$pf lp¡e R>¡.'

Ap`Z¡ `Z Sp¡ Al„L$pf_p L$pfZ¡ `s_ _ BÃR>sp lp¡CA¡ sp¡ Al„L$pf_u Aplzrs Ap`¡ S>
R|>V$L$p¡ R>¡.

õhpÝepe

(A) sdpfu L$p¡g¡S>dp„ Apep¡rS>s h©npfp¡`Z L$pe®¾$d A„sN®s h©np¡_y„ dlÒh kdSphsy„ h¼sìe s¥epf L$fp¡.
(Ap) rhÛpge_p rhv$pe kdpfp¡l âk„N¡ sdpfp d_p¡cphp¡ ìe¼s L$fsy„ h¼sìe s¥epf L$fp¡.
(B) sdpfu L$p¡g¡S>dp„ õhps„Ôe `h®_u DS>hZu r_rdÑ¡ âpk„rNL$ h¼sìe s¥epf L$fp¡.

dprlsu ê$`p„sfZ

rhÛp\}rdÓp¡, sd¡ AÐepf ky^u NÛ `qfiug_, k„n¡`uL$fZ iu¿ep R>¡. Ap hj£ sd¡ dprlsu
ê$`p„sfZ iuMip¡. S>¡dp„ ip[åv$L$ ê$`dp„ Ap`¡gu dprlsu_¡ Ap`Z¡ L$p¡óV$L$, ãgp¡QpV®$, S>¡hu rhrh^ fus¡
fS|> L$fuiy„.
v$p.s. - dprlsu

ApN byTphhp dpV¡$ `pZu A_¡ f¡su_p¡, iyóL$ `pDX$f _¡ auZ_p¡ R>„V$L$ph L¡$ L$pb®_ X$pep¸¼kpCX$
S>¡hp N¸k_p¡ D`ep¡N L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. ApN dpV¡$ rhrh^ âL$pf_p _p_p-KQL$u iL$pe s¡hp„ A[Á_-
ipdL$p¡ `Z h`fpe R>¡. bpgv$uAp¡ cfu_¡ `pZu L¡$ f¡su R>p„V$u_¡ ApN lp¡ghhp_p¡ D`pe kl¡gpdp„ kl¡gp¡
R>¡. Äepf¡ âQ„X$ ApN gpNu lp¡e Ðepf¡ l¡ÞX$`„` hX¡$ `pZu_u ^pf R>p¡X$hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. hmu A[Á_ipdL$
e„Ó (apef-A¡[ÞS>_)_u dv$v$\u KQ¡ ky^u _¡ gp„b¡ ky^u `pZu_u ^pfpAp¡ R>p¡X$u_¡ ApN byTphpe R>¡.
KQp„ dL$p_p¡ `f `pZu_p¡ dpfp¡ Qgphhp s\p ApNdp„ akpC Ne¡gu ìe[¼sAp¡_¡ bQphhp dpV¡$ KQu
r_kfZuAp¡_p¡ D`ep¡N L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

ApN gpN¡ Ðepf¡ AdyL$ sL¡$v$pfu g¡hu S>ê$fu R>¡. kp¥ â\d sp¡ A[Á_ipdL$ v$m_¡ bp¡gphhy„ S>ê$fu
R>¡. Ofdp„ ApN gpNu lp¡e sp¡ blpf Myëgpdp„ S>sp„ fl¡hy„ Sp¡CA¡. A_¡ blpf _uL$mhy„ i¼e _ S>Zpe
sp¡ kyfrns õ\m¡, S>du_ `f _uQ¡_p cpNdp„ b¡khy„ Sp¡CA¡. L$pfZ L¡$ ApN\u a¡gpe¡gp¡ ^ydpX$p¡ D`f_u
qv$ipdp„ S>sp¡ lp¡e R>¡. s¡ ^ydpX$p¡ ïhpkdp„ S>hp\u Ny„NmpdZ \pe R>¡. ApN gpN¡ Ðepf¡ rgãV$_p¡
D`ep¡N _ L$fhp¡ Sp¡CA¡. kuX$u Üpfp Of_u blpf _uL$mu S>hy„ Sp¡CA¡. Sp¡ `l¡f¡gp„ L$`X$p„_¡ ApN gpNu
NC lp¡e sp¡ S>du_ `f Apmp¡V$u_¡ s¡ byTphu v¡$hu Sp¡CA¡.

119

ApN byTphhp dpV¡$ h`fpsp„ e„Óp¡ ApN : D`pe

ApN byTphhp dpV¡$ R>p„V$hpdp„ _p_p-KQL$u iL$pe s¡hp„ A[Á_ipdL$p¡, bpgv$uAp¡ cfu_¡
Aphsp `v$p\p£ f¡X$hu, l¡ÞX$ `„`, A[Á_ipdL$ e„Ó
ApN hMs¡ fpMhp_u sL¡$v$pfu `pZu A_¡ f¡su, iyóL$ `pDX$f _¡ auZ, L$pb®_ X$pep¸¼kpCX$
S>¡hp N¸k.
kp¥â\d A[Á_ipdL$ v$m_¡ bp¡gphhy„, blpf Myëgpdp„
S>hy„, rgãV$_p¡ D`ep¡N _ L$fsp„ kuX$u_p¡ D`ep¡N L$fhp¡.

õhpÝepe

(A) dprlsu_y„ ê$`p„sfZ L$fp¡ :

(1) rdÓp¡, OZp„ rhÛp\}Ap¡_¡ L¡$guN°pau iuMsp„ sd¡ kp„cþey„ li¡. L$v$pQ s¡ kp„cmu_¡ A_¡ Sp¡C_¡ sd¡ "Af¡
hpl !' A\hp sp¡ "L¡$V$gy„ kfk !' L¡$ `R>u "hpD' A¡d bp¡gu Nep lip¡ Mfy„ _¡ ? `Z sd¡ s¡_p rhi¡ L„$C SpZp¡ R>p¡
Mfp„ ? L¡$guN°pau A¡V$g¡ ky„v$fg¡M_. Ap L$gp_u ip¡^ v$kdu kv$udp„ \C lsu A_¡ kdep„sf¡ s¡dp„ `qfhs®_ \sy„ füy„
R>¡. s¡_p `pòpÐe L¡$guN°pau, `|h® A¡riepC L¡$guN°pau, v$rnZ A¡riepC L¡$guN°pau A_¡ BõgprdL$ L¡$guN°pau S>¡hp
âL$pf R>¡. L¡$guN°pau dpV¡$ X²$p¡INbyL$, N°pa `¡`f, L¡$guN°pau_u `¡_, b°i A_¡ kpfp âL$pf_u iplu_u S>ê$f `X¡$ R>¡.

Ap L$gp_p¡ D`ep¡N kS>®_pÐdL$ L$gpdp„ \pe R>¡. v$p.s. `yõsL$_u qX$TpC_, rQl¹_p¡, âsuL$p¡, dyÖpg¡M,
gÁ_`rÓL$p, Apd„ÓZ`rÓL$p, S>Þdqv$hk L¡$ A¡hp âk„Np¡_p Arc_„v$_L$pX®$ hN¡f¡ b_phhpdp„ \pe R>¡. sdpfp
k„NZL$dp„ D`ep¡Nu "ap¡ÞV$' A¡ L¡$guN°pau S> R>¡.

Ap L$gp Arcìe[¼s_y„ âcphipmu dpÝed R>¡. S>¡ Ap`Zu kS>®_i[¼s_p¡ rhL$pk L$f¡ R>¡. s\p Ap`Zpdp„
ip„rs, õhõ\sp A_¡ A¡L$pN°sp_p NyZp¡ Mugh¡ R>¡ s¡dS> Ap`Zu kp¥v$e¯×[óV$ rhL$k¡ R>¡.

(2) `lpX$u rQÓL$mp A¡ fpS>`|s rQÓL$mp_p¡ A¡L$ cpN R>¡. rldpge_p `lpX$u rhõspfp¡ L$p„Nfp, S>çdy, NY$hpg,
Q„bp, bkp¡gu, S>¡hp âv¡$ip¡dp„ S>¡ rQÓL$mp rhõspf `pdu s¡_¡ `lpX$u rQÓL$mp L$l¡hpe R>¡. dp¡Ng kpd°pÄedp„
AL$bf_p ipk_ v$frdep_ L$gp s\p L$gpL$pfp¡_¡ M|b S> dp_-kÞdp_ A_¡ Apv$f dmsp. L$gp_p rhL$pk dpV¡$
OZp„ L$gpL¡$ÞÖp¡ iê$ L$ep¯ lsp„, `f„sy Ap¥f„NT¡b¡ s¡ b^u S> ipmpAp¡ b„^ L$fu L$gpL$pfp¡_¡ sX$u`pf L$ep® Ðepf¡
L$gpL$pfp¡A¡ Sy>v$p Sy>v$p õ\m¡ Apîe d¡mìep¡. âpL©$rsL$ kp¦v$e® A_¡ ip„rs\u ApL$jp®C OZp L$gpL$pfp¡A¡ `lpX$u n¡Ó_p
fpSpAp¡_¡ Ðep„ Apîe d¡mìep¡ A_¡ Ðep„_p fpSpAp¡ Üpfp s¡d_u rQÓL$mp_¡ âp¡Ðkpl_ Ap`u rhõs©s L$fpC S>¡
`lpX$u rQÓL$mp sfuL¡$ ¿eprs `pdu.

`lpX$u rQÓp¡ b_phhp rkepgL$p¡V$ `¡`f (b°pD_ `¡`f) `f gpg f„N L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡ `R>u s¡_p `f ka¡v$
AphfZ L$fu s¡_u k`pV$u_¡ Oku guku b_phpe R>¡ A_¡ s¡_p `f L$pmp A\hp L$Õ\C f„N\u rQÓp¡ v$p¡fhpdp„ Aph¡
R>¡. dy¿e ApL©$rs_¡ SpX$u s\p õ`óV$ ê$`f¡Mp Ap`hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Ðepf `R>u f„NL$pd L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. âp\rdL$
rQÓ, f„NL$pd A_¡ A„rsd Ap¡` Sy>v$p Sy>v$p L$gpL$pfp¡ Üpfp L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. `lpX$u rQÓL$mpdp„ õ\pr_L$ A_¡
dp¡Ng rQÓL$mp_y„ rdîZ Sp¡hp dm¡ R>¡. s¡ kde_p h¥óZh k„âv$pe_u s¡_p `f OZu Akf v¡$Mpe R>¡. dufp„bpC,
sygkuv$pk, L$buf, S>ev¡$h, Q¥sÞe, S>¡hp L$rhAp¡_u L$rhsp_p rhjep¡ `f s¡_p„ Av¹$cys rQÓp¡ Sp¡hp dm¡ R>¡. Sy>v$p
Sy>v$p fpSpAp¡_p Apîe _uQ¡ `lpX$u rQÓL$mp Sy>v$u Sy>v$u fus¡ âõsys \C, `f„sy s¡_p„ dy¿e gnZp¡ A¡L$ kfMp„ S>
lp¡e R>¡. `lpX$u rQÓL$mp dy¿e b¡ cpNdp„ hN}L©$s \pe R>¡. L$p„Nfp i¥gu A_¡ bkp¡gu i¥gu.

120

õh-kS>®_

· _uQ¡_y„ rQÓ Sp¡C õhfrQs L$pìe/hpsp®$/k„hpv/`qfÃR>¡v$ gMp¡.

L$gd A_¡ sghpf

L$gd : sghpf, sy„ spfu Sps_¡ Nd¡ s¡V$gu KQu dp_. `Z Mf¡Mf dp¡V$u sp¡ lz„ S> Ry>„.
sghpf : sy„ ? dpfp\u dp¡V$u ? S>fp dp`u_¡ Mpsfu L$fu g¡ L¡$ dp¡Vy„$ L$p¡Z R>¡ ? A_¡ lp, dpfu ^pf L¡$hu QdL¡$

R>¡ ? spfp dp¢ `f sp¡ L¡$V$gu L$pmpi R>¡ ?
L$gd : ApL$pf A_¡ QdL$-v$dL$\u dp¡Vy„$ \C S>hpsy„ _\u. dp¡V$p sp¡ NyZp¡\u \hpe. sy„ sp¡ tlkp L$f¡ R>¡,

Nmp„ L$p`¡ R>¡, gp¡lu hlph¡ R>¡. iy„ Ap r_v®$esp spfu dp¡V$pC R>¡ ?
sghpf : lp, lz„ tlkp L$fy„ Ry>„ `Z ìe[¼s, kdpS> A_¡ fpóV²$_p fnZ dpV¡$. dpfp ce\u b^p„ ip„s fl¡ R>¡.
L$gd : fnZ ^pf\u _rl, byrÙ A_¡ op_\u \pe. lz„ gp¡L$p¡_¡ op_ê$`u âL$pi Ap`y„ Ry>„. s¡d_pdp„ fl¡gp

kyjyàs rhQpfp¡_¡ SpN©s L$fy„ Ry>„. gp¡L$p¡dp„ hufsp _¡ v¡$ic[¼s_p„ buS> `Z lz„ S> hphy„ Ry>„.
sghpf : rhQpfp¡\u L„$C S> \sy„ _\u. fpd, L©$óZ, rihpÆ, Q„ÖNyàs, _¡`p¡rge_, S>¡hp hufp¡ iÓyAp¡_p¡

_pi L$fu_¡ S> Adf bÞep R>¡.
L$gd : `Z spfp Ap hufp¡_¡ dpfp c¼sp¡A¡ S> Adfsp Ap`u R>¡ s¡ sy„ L¡$d c|gu Spe R>¡ ? fpd_¡

Adf b_ph_pf hp[ëdL$u s_¡ epv$ _\u ? dlpL$rh L$prgv$pk A_¡ sygkuv$pk_¡ iy„ c|gu NC ?
L$rhAp¡_u L$rhsp\u S> hufp¡dp„ DÐkpl Aph¡ R>¡.
sghpf : hpl ! Æc Qgphhpdp„ sp¡ s_¡ L$p¡C Æsu _ iL¡$.
L$gd : _p bl¡_, dpf¡ Æshy„ _\u. lz„ sp¡ a¼s A¡V$gy„ S> L$l¡hp BÃRy>„ Ry>„ L¡$ dpfu iplu rh_p spfu ^pf_y„
L$p¡C dlÒh _\u.
sghpf : kpQu hps R>¡. bl¡_, d_¡ gpN¡ R>¡ L¡$ Ap`Z¡ b„_¡ dmu_¡ L$pd L$fuA¡ sp¡ b^p„_y„ cgy„ \i¡. lz„
v¡$i_p fnZ_u S>hpbv$pfu D`pX$ui A_¡ sy„ A¡L$ _hp ky„v$f kdpS>_u fQ_p_p L$pe®dp„ gpNu Sp.
L$gd : Ap hps bfpbf. sp¡ rdgph lp\..
(b„_¡ lku_¡ lp\ rdgph¡ R>¡.)

121

ip„rs A_¡ Atlkp

kyM kd©rÙ `pdhp_p¡ A¡ S> R>¡ A¡L$ D`pe;
ip„rs A_¡ Atlkp sZp¡ drldp R>¡ L$dpg.

Äep„ hl¡su lsu _v$u v|$^_u, Ðep„ hl¡ R>¡ ApS>¡ gp¡lu ;

A_¡ _mdp„ sp¡ `uhp_y„ `pZu dm¡ _l].

Atlkp A`_phu_¡ Sy>Ap¡ sd¡ L$dpg;

_plL$ dp„X$u R>¡ dpfL$p`_u bbpg. kyM kd©rÙ...

`p¡s `p¡sp_p õhp\® dpV¡$ gX¡$ R>¡ klz;

"d¡fp cpfs dlp_' a¼s bp¡g¡ R>¡ klz,

rhfp¡^ v$ip®hhp A`_php¡ kÐepN°l;

sp¡X$ap¡X$ A¡ sp¡ R>¡ dpÓ vy$fpN°l. kyM kd©rÙ....

Sps-`ps_p c¡v$_¡ rhkpfu,

b_u SpAp¡ kly cpfshpku,

Qu_, `pqL$õsp_, _¡`pm füp R>¡ O¡fu;

A¡L$ \C v$CA¡ klz_¡ sN¡X$u. kyM kd©rÙ...

cpfs_u L$urs® AhL$pi_¡ Ap„b¡,

M¡X|$s Myilpg, b^p„ cp¡S>_ `pd¡,

lfucfu ^fsu Myi \C gl¡fpe¡,

A¡hy„ cpfs rhïhNyfy b_u Spe¡ . kyM kd©rÙ...

122

õhpÝepe

· _uQ¡_y„ rQÓ Sp¡C õhfrQs L$pìe/hpsp®$/k„hpv/`qfÃR>¡v$ gMp¡.

123

`qfrióV$ - 1

iåv$p¡ A_¡ iåv$p\®

rh^pÓu - âpfå^_u Ar^óW$pÓu v¡$hu kMphs - v$p_, M¡fps
bpmk„Opsu - bpm`Z\u kp\¡ lp¡e s¡ kMy_ - bp¡g, h¡Z, iåv$
^pfZ - V¡$L$p¡, Ap^pf kS>®_p - kS>®hy„ s¡
hpeL$ - hp¼e, hpQ_ ipM - Apbê$
Sprd_u - fprÓ _¡d - l¡sy, gÿe
h`y - ifuf blpgu - d„S|>fu
qL„$L$fu - v$pku rbR>ps - `p\fÏ„, SpS>d
M¡Qfu - `„rMZu âlfu - `l¡f¡Nuf
fZ - gX$pC_y„ d¡v$p_ S>L$ - Æv$, lW$
L$p¡m¡ - Mughy„, `p„Nfhy„, awghy„ f¡Mp„L$_ - L¡$hm f¡MpAp¡_u klpe\u
N¡b - A×íe
`¡Mu - Sp¡C_¡ rQÓ v$p¡fhy„
ê$kZ¡ - qfkphy„ _pÞv$u - _pV$L$_p âpf„cdp„ bp¡gpsp¡
Qp¡Nd - Qpf¡ qv$ipdp„, Qp¡d¡f
rsrsnp - kl_iugsp ïgp¡L$
MQus, Mk|k - S>ê$f, Ahíe A_pds - kpQhu fpMhp kp¢`¡gy„,
agp¯N - dpCg_p¡ ApW$dp¡ cpN
l¡W$hpX¡$ - _uQ¡ \p`Z
L$dp_v$pf - L$dp_hpmy„, A^®Np¡mpL$pf Ah¡S> - _pÏ„, d|X$u, kpV$p S>¡V$gu
kqfepd - dy¿e
gp„W$ - M„^y„, Np„W¡$ _rl s¡hy„ qL„$ds_p¡ dpg
fCk - Aduf v$hgp„ - AmMpdZp„,
bp\p¡qX$ep - hgMp„ AZdp_usp„
S>hr_L$p - `X$v$p¡ hpk - `p¡m, dlp¡ëgp¡
`pj®v$ - v¡$h_p¡ k¡hL$ r_cph - cfZ`p¡jZ
spg¡h„s - `¥kpv$pf, sh„Nf _hpZ - S>mpie
klzrges - kyNdsp, kl¡gpC ANd - N|Y$
kf`ph - B_pd, ipbpiu rdj¡ - blp_¡
kd[óV$ - kdN°sp, kdyv$pe Tp„T - Nyõkp¡, fuk
D^dps - DÐ`ps, sp¡ap_
Ap¡Wy„$ - `X$v$p¡, A„sfp¡
Nf_pmy„ - `pZu Aphhp - S>hp dpV¡$

bp„^¡gp¡ kp„L$X$p¡ dpN®

124

Ap¡frkep¡ - kyMX$, BÐepqv$ Okhp_p¡ dp¡`gp„hpmp„ - dgbpfdp„ hksp A¡L$
`Õ\f Sprs_p gp¡L$p¡

bf_p¡ dpg - Sps_p¡ dpg (Al] bp¡ep - `pZudp„_p Mfpbp_u
D`ep¡Ndp„ Aph¡ s¡hp¡ dpg) Q¡shZu Ap`hp dpV¡$
v$qfepdp„ sfsp¡ fpM¡gp¡
Apshpqfep - frhhpqfep, frhhpf¡ Sp¡hp gp¡Y$p_p¡ Np¡mp¡.
dmsp„

`qfrióV$ - 2

`pqfcprjL$ iåv$p¡

m Affidavit - i`\`Ó m Manuscript - lõsâs
m Agenda - L$pe®k|rQ m Merit - NyZhÑp
m Agreement - L$fpf m Migration - õ\mp„sf
m Announcement - Dv¹$Op¡jZp m Notification - k|Q_p
m Application - AfÆ m Office - L$pep®ge
m Approval - dpÞesp m Permanent - L$pedu
m Assistant - klpeL m Poster - c]s`Ó
m Automatic - õhe„k„Qprgs m Qualification - ep¡Áesp
m Budget - A„v$pS>`Ó m Receipt - fkuv$
m Calender - spfurMey„ m Renovation - _|s_uL$fZ
m Capital - d|X$u m Report - Al¡hpg
m Casual - âpk„rNL$ m Reservation - ApfnZ
m Census - S>_NZ_p m Retired - k¡hpr_h©Ñ
m Circular - `qf`ÓL$ m Revenue - dl¡k|g
m Compensation - nrs`|rs® m Slogan - Op¡jhp¼e
m Confidential - Np¡`_ue m Souvenir - õdfrZL$p
m Encyclopaedia - op_L$p¡i m Supervisor - r_funL$
m Excise - S>L$ps m Survey - kh£nZ
m Expert - sS>o m Terminology - `qfcpjp
m Field work - n¡ÓL$pe® m Therapy - D`Qpf `Ùrs
m Financial year - _pZp„L$ue hj® m Unanimous - kh®k„ds
m Grant - A_yv$p_ m Valuation - d|ëep„L$_
m Guardian - `pgL$ m Waterproof - S>gfp¡^L$
m Head quarter - dy¿e L$pep®ge m Workshop - L$pe®ipmp

125

`qfrióV$ - 3

f¡qX$ep¡ Sp¡L$u

ApS>¡ ìehkpe n¡Ó¡ Ap^yr_L$ ApNhy„ A_¡ _hy„ _pd A¡V$g¡ f¡qX$ep¡ Sp¡L$u. f¡qX$ep¡ S>¡hy„ îpìe
dpÝed ApS>¡ NpdX$pAp¡ ky^u `lp¢Ãey„ R>¡. f¡qX$ep¡ Sp¡L$u (R.J.) A¡ f¡qX$ep¡_p dpÝed\u dpÓ kdpQpf
S> _l] `Z Nus, k„Nus, op_, rhop_ A_¡ v¡$irhv¡$i_u Mbfp¡ `lp¢QpX¡$ R>¡. _p_u hpsp®Ap¡\u

kprlÐe `ufk¡ R>¡. ìehkpegnu dprlsu `Z `lp¢QpX¡$ R>¡. Ap dpÝed dpV¡$ r_edp¡ `Z lp¡e R>¡.

f¡qX$ep¡ Sp¡L$u b__pf ìe[¼s `pk¡ _uQ¡_p NyZp¡ S>{$fu R>¡.

k„h¡v$_ iugsp

lpS>fS>hpbu`Ï„ cpjp âcyÐh

cpjp_u klS>sp _¡ kfmsp f¡qX$ep¡ Sp¡L$u_p h¼s©Ðh R>V$p
AphíeL$ NyZp¡

cphhprlsp AhpS>_p¡ Apfp¡l-Ahfp¡l

rhje dprlsu DÐL©$óV$ g¡M_ i¥gu

· f¡qX$ep¡ Sp¡L$u_p„ L$pep¡£ : · f¡qX$ep¡ Sp¡L$u ìehkpe_p apev$p :

(1) L$pe®¾$d âõsysuL$fZ (1) h¼s©Ðh i[¼s Mug¡ R>¡.
(2) dl¡dp__p¡ `qfQe (2) kprlÐerhjeL$ s¡dS> AÞe rhje_y„
(3) dygpL$ps g¡hu
(4) `p¡sp_u hps âõsys L$fhu op_ h^¡ R>¡.
(5) îp¡sphN® kp\¡ k„hpv$ (3) S>_sp kp\¡ k„`L®$ \sp rhQpfp¡_y„
(6) b¡ Nusp¡_u hÃQ¡ Sp¡X$pZ L$fsu hpsQus
Apv$p_âv$p_ \pe R>¡.
d|L$hu (4) cpjp iyrÙ s¡dS> Apfp¡l-Ahfp¡l_u
(7) V¡$guap¡__p dpÝed\u îp¡spAp¡ kp\¡
kdS> dm¡ R>¡.
hpsQus L$fhu (5) kprlÐe, k„Nus A_¡ L$gp âÐe¡
(8) L$pe®¾$d_y„ ky„v$f kdp`_
ArcfyrQ h^¡ R>¡.
126 (6) ìe[¼s dps©cpjp_p dpÝed\u Apr\®L$

fus¡ `Ncf b_¡ R>¡.

`qfrióV$ - 4

kprlÐe n¡Ó¡ L$pe® L$fsu L¡$V$guL$ k„õ\pAp¡
(1) cpfsue op_`uW$ : kp„õL©$rsL$ SpN©rs, kprl[ÐeL$ rhL$pk, fpóV²$ue A¥¼e s\p v¡$i_u

ârsóW$p_p fnZ_¡ hf¡gu s\p cpfsue cpjpAp¡_u khp£ÐL©$óW$ kS>®_pÐdL$ L©$rs_¡ v$f hj£
`yfõL©$s L$f_pfu Ap k„õ\p_u õ\p`_p õh. ip„rsâkpv$ S>¥_¡ 1944dp„ L$fu lsu.
cpfsue op_`uW$ sfa\u cpfs_u b„^pfZdpÞe `„v$f cpjpAp¡dp„\u - v$f hj£
`k„v$ L$f¡gu L$p¡C A¡L$ L©$rs_¡ cpfsue op_`uW$ `yfõL$pf Ap`hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. ¼epf¡L$ Ar_hpe®
k„Sp¡Np¡dp„ b¡ L©$rsAp¡ hÃQ¡ `Z `yfõL$pf hl¢Qpe R>¡. kprlÐe_p n¡Ódp„ cpfs_p Ap khp£ÃQ
blzdp_dp„ ê$. A¡L$ gpM, kp¡_p s\p sp„bp_y„ b_¡gy„ âi[õs`Ó s\p kfõhsu_u L$p„kp_u
b_¡gu d|rs® A¡_pes L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

ApS> ky^udp„ _uQ¡_p NyS>fpsu kprlÐeL$pfp¡_¡ Ap blzdp_ dþey„ R>¡.

(1) 1967 îu. Ddpi„L$f Sp¡ju (2) 1985 îu. `Þ_pgpg `V¡$g
(3) 2001 îu. fpS>¡ÞÖ ipl (4) 2016 îu. fOyhuf Qp¥^fu

(2) kprlÐe AL$pv$du qv$ëlu : kprlÐe AL$pv$du_u õ\p`_p 12du dpQ®, 1954_p fp¡S> L$fhpdp„

Aphu lsu. cpfsue kprlÐe_p¡ rhL$pk kp^hp¡, DÃQ kprl[ÐeL$ d|ëep¡_u õ\p`_p L$fhu,
cpfs_u b^u cpjpAp¡_u kprl[ÐeL$ âh©rÑAp¡_y„ r_funZ L$fsp flu s¡d_u hÃQ¡ `fõ`f
klL$pf A_¡ kdÞhe kp^hp¡ s\p A¡L„$v$f¡ kdN° v¡$i_p kp„õL©$rsL$ A¥¼e_¡ ×Y$ b_phhy„ hN¡f¡
l¡syAp¡ s¡_u õ\p`_p hMs¡ Ýep_dp„ fMpep lsp. Ap k„õ\p_u õ\p`_p cpfs kfL$pf¡ L$fu
lp¡hp R>sp„ s¡_u fp¡tS>v$u âh©rÑAp¡dp„ s¡ `|f¡`|fu õhpeÑsp ^fph¡ R>¡.
AL$pv$du_y„ dy¿e L$pd kprlÐe_u DÑd L©$rsAp¡ âNV$ L$fhp_y„, s¡ cpjpAp¡_u rióV$-
dpÞe L©$rsAp¡_p A_yhpv$p¡ âNV$ L$fhp_y„ s\p s¡ cpjpAp¡ s\p s¡d_p kprlÐe rhi¡ dprlsu
Ap`sp k„v$c® N°„\p¡ âNV$ L$fhp_y„ R>¡.

(3) NyS>fps kprlÐe AL$pv$du : 1981dp„ NyS>fps fpÄe kfL$pf¡ AgN NyS>fps kprlÐe

AL$pv$du_u õ\p`_p L$fu.

NyS>fpsu kprlÐe AL$pv$du Üpfp Qgphsu âh©rÑAp¡ -

· rióV$ dpÞe `yõsL$p¡_p g¡ML$_¡ s\p _hp¡qv$s g¡ML$_¡ klpe
· N°„\ âL$pi_ ep¡S>_p A„sN®s NyS>fpsu cpjp_p DÑd `yõsL$p¡_y„ âL$pi_
· DÑd NyS>fpsu `yõsL$p¡_¡ `pqfsp¡rjL$ Ap`hp
· rhïh kprlÐe_u DÑd L©$rsAp¡_p NyS>fpsu A_yhpv$ dpV¡$ klpe

127

(4) NyS>fpsu kprlÐe `qfjv$ : B.k. 1905dp„ NyS>fpsu kprlÐe `qfjv$_u õ\p`_p \C.

îu. fZÆsfpd dl¡sp A¡_p ApÛõ\p`L$ R>¡. op_kÓp¡_y„ Apep¡S>_ L$fu rhrh^ kprl[ÐeL$

âï_p¡ A_¡ õhê$`p¡_u QQp® L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Ar^h¡i_p¡ Üpfp `qfk„hpv$, kprlÐeâv$i®_p¡,

L$rh k„d¡g_p¡ ep¡Æ kprlÐefrkL$p¡ dpV¡$ DÑd hpsphfZ_y„ r_dp®Z L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

"`fb' _pd_y„ kpdreL$ âNV$ L$f¡ R>¡. NyS>fpsu cpjp - kprlÐe_p Ad|ëe N°„\ -

r_dp®Z_y„ L$pd `qfjv¡$ lp\ ^f¡gy„ R>¡.

rhrh^ Q„ÖL$p¡ A_¡ `pqfsp¡rjL$p¡ A¡_pes L$fu g¡ML$p¡_¡ âp¡Ðkpl__y„ A_¡ kS>®__p n¡Ó¡

KQ¡ gC S>hp_y„ dlÒh_y„ L$pd Ap k„õ\p L$f¡ R>¡.

· NyS>fpsu kprlÐe `qfjv$ Üpfp Ap`hpdp„ Aphsp L¡$V$gp„L$ `pqfsp¡rjL$p¡ :

1. îu Afthv$ (kyhZ®Q„ÖL$) `pqfsp¡rjL$ : c[¼srhjeL$ kh®î¡óW$ dp¥rgL$ `yõsL$_¡ îu lqf

± Apîdâ¡qfs `pqfsp¡rjL$.

2. X$p¸. D`¡ÞÖ `„Xép dlpr_b„^ `pqfsp¡rjL$ : eyr_hrk®V$u Üpfp d„S|>f \e¡gp kh®î¡óW$

dlpr_b„^_¡

3. X$p¸. D`¡ÞÖ `„Xép grgs r_b„^ `pqfsp¡rjL$ : grgsr_b„^_p kh®î¡óW$ `yõsL$_¡

4. îu. Ddp-õ_¡lf[íd `pqfsp¡rjL$ : kprlÐe_p kh®î¡óW$ `yõsL$_¡

5. îu. Di_k¹ `pqfsp¡rjL$ : kh®î¡óW$ v$uO® L$pìep¡ (kp¸_¡V$dpmp,

M„X$L$pìep¡,`Û_pV$L$ L¡$ AÞe âL$pf_p„

hZ®_pÐdL$ tQs_pÐdL$ v$uO®L$pìep¡_u L©$rs_¡.

6. îu. A¡_u bl¡_ kf¥ep `pqfsp¡rjL$ : qL$ip¡f kprlÐe_p kh®î¡óW$ `yõsL$_¡.

7. îu. L$pL$pkpl¡b L$pg¡gL$f `pqfsp¡rjL$ : r_b„^, âhpk, õdfZp¡, Æh_QqfÓp¡_p

kh®î¡óW$ `yõsL$ dpV¡$

8. îu. Np¡`pmfph rhÜp„k `pqfsp¡rjL$ : cpfsue cpjp„sf_p kh®î¡óW$ `yõsL$ dpV¡$

9. îu. Äep¡suÞÖ v$h¡ lpõe `pqfsp¡rjL$ : lpõe, rh_p¡v$, L$V$pn hN¡f_p kh®î¡óW$ `yõsL$

dpV¡$

10. îu. sMtkl `fdpf `pqfsp¡rjL$ : âL$pris \e¡g kh®î¡óW$ â\d L$pìek„N°l

11. îu. qv$_L$f ipl "L$rh S>e' `pqfsp¡rjL$ : âL$pris \e¡g kh®î¡›$ â\d kS>®_pÐdL$

`yõsL$

12. îu. qv$gu` Q„. dl¡sp `pqfsp¡rjL$ : NTg k„N°l_¡

13. îu. _V$hfgpg dpmhu `pqfsp¡rjL$ : bpmkprlÐe_p kh®î¡óW$ `yõsL$_¡

(5) dlpfpóV²$ fpÄe NyS>fpsu kprlÐe AL$pv$du : dlpfpóV²$dp„ hksp A_¡ NyS>fpsu cpjpdp„

kprlÐe kS>®_ L$fsp„ kprlÐeL$pfp¡_u L©$rsAp¡_p âL$pi_ dpV¡$ klpe, DÑd L©$rsAp¡_¡ `pqfsp¡rjL$
Ap`u _hpS>hu S>¡hu A_¡L$ âh©rÑAp¡ Üpfp NyS>fpsu kprlÐe n¡Ó¡ L$pe®fs R>¡.

128

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