බෟද්ධයා යනු කවරෙක්ද

O3⁄4u odkh msKsihs

iQúis .=K jkaokdj
iQúis uyd .=Kh
iQúis .=K wksixih

fjila mqka mif<diajl fmdfydh fjkqfjka msxj;a ore msßi
j3⁄4Ihla mdid lrk O3⁄4u odkuh msxluls’

iín odkx Oïu odkx ðkd;S
ish¿ odkhkaf.ka O3⁄4u odkh Èkhs

wkq.%yh
^ tu ore msßif.a uõmshka úiska&

iïmdol -#
mQcH odiaj;af;a iqukiS, iajdñka jykafia

fjila mqka fmdfydh ksñ;af;ks’

O3⁄4u odkh

msxj;a ore msßila ^ uõmshkaf.a wkq.%yfhks&

mgqk 13
15
myka is;sú,s 23
fmrjok 29
ye¢kaùu 32
odhl uõmshkaf.a wdYs3⁄4jdoh 37
wmf.a jd3⁄4Isl O3⁄4u odkuh mskaluhs 39
m%d3⁄4:kd jdlH 45
is,a iudokaùu 47
nqÿ.=Kh yd nqÿ.=K Ndjkdj 51
wryx .=Kh 53
iïud iïnqoaO .=Kh 58
úÊcdprK iïmkak .=Kh 63
iq.; .=Kh 67
f,dalú¥ .=Kh 69
wkq;a;r mqßiou_uidr:S .=Kh 73
i;a:d foajukqiaidkx.=Kh 76
nqoaO .=Kh 79
N.jd .=Kh
iajdlaLd; .=Kh 82
ikaÈÜÀl .=Kh 84
wld,sl .=Kh 87
tysmiaisl .=Kh 90
´mkhsl .=Kh 94
mÉp;a;x fõÈ;ífnda .=Kh 96
uyd ix> r;akfha .=Kh yd i>.=K 100
Ndjkdj 103
iqmámkak .=Kh 106
Wcqmámkak .=Kh 108
[dhmámkak .=Kh 113
idñÑmámkak .=Kh
wdyqfKhH .=Kh
mdyqfKhH .=Kh
olaÅfKhH .=Kh
w[ac,slrKSh .=Kh
wkq;a;r mq[a[fL;a; .=Kh
f;rejka wdrCIl .d:d

myka is;sú,s
^Y%S l<HdKs fhda.dY%u ixia:d iuq;amdol ufydamdOH w;s.re
mQckSh rdclSh mKaä; wmj;a ù jod, lvjeoaÿfõ Y%S
ðkjxidNsOdk uyd iajdóka jykafiaf.a myka is;sú,s .%ka:h
weiqfrks&

wry ^wryx& hkq nqÿ.=K fmf<a uq,au .=Kh hs’ ta mofha
f;areu iqÿiq úu hkqhs’ nqÿrcdKka jykafia ish,a,gu iqÿiq jQ
fial’ iïud iïnqoaO” úÊcdprK iïmkak wd§ fiiq ish¨ nqÿ
.=Khkag iqÿiq njh’ fï uq,au .=K mofhka meyeÈ,s jkafka
nqÿrcdKka jykafia iïud iïnqoaO .=Khg w3⁄4y ^iqÿiq& jQ fial’
úÊcdprK iïmkak .=Khg w3⁄4y iqÿiq jQ fial’ hk ms<sfj<ska
ish¨ .=K mohka yd w3⁄4y moh fhdod n,kak’ .Dyhl leKs
u`v, fuka ish¨ nqÿ .=Khka w3⁄4y mofhys ke.S mj;akd ieá
jegfykjd we;’

Wka jykafiaf.a w3⁄4y nj jevqfKa mdró N+ñfha mgkah’
fmreï mqrkjdh lshkafka nqÿ is; ilia lsÍuh’ nqÿ nfõ jev
lrf.k hduhs’ tys w;rla ke;’ nqÿ .ufkys fhfok W;=ud
tys idlÉPdldÍ fjhs’ W;=re lgqj W;=rg keó.kakdla fuka
fndai;a is; ksr;=re keù mj;skafka nqÿ nj i|ydh’ f,dalhd
ÿlajk y`vk je<fmk úm;a lror mjd Wka jykafia mdró
njg m;a lr.;a ieá isys lrkak’ fuhska W.; hq;= mdvï kï
n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk yeu fohlau mdid uQ,slj imqrd ,sh hq;=
jev fldgila we;s nj;a” tajd uekúka iïmQ3⁄4K lsÍfukau
wfmaCIs; w3⁄4:hg w3⁄4y iqÿiq jk nj;a h’
w{dk ixYh úmß;.%dyh hk lreKq j,ska isf;a jefvk
w÷r ksid we;sjk wk3⁄4: mrïmrdj b;d ìysiqKqh’ fkd±kSu
ielh hk folgu jvd kmqrg îch jkafka úmß; .%dyh hhs
lshk ,o hul we;s ;;= we;s ieáfhka fkdj fjk;a f,ilska
je/È f,ilska is;d .ekSuh’ zzñÉPd ÈáÀ mrudks jÊcdksZZ
hk nqÿ jokska ñiosgqfjda jrojd .ekSfuys w;sNSCIK;dj
jgyd .; yelsh’ wÿre f,djg t,shla o,ajd,Suh” nqÿrcdKka
jykafia isÿfldg jod< uyd lreKd fiajh ta nqÿ t<sfhka
Ôú;h t<shlr.;a nqÿiõfjdao ta lreKd fmryrg wkqhd;

jQy’

ta fmryrghs wm;a fï fma<s ù isákafka’ fuh tlu t<sh
fmryrla fia úh hq;=h’ wfma isf;a t<sh fkdksjd /l.;a
l,ays ta isf;a t<sfhka wfma ish¿ mej;=ï wdf,dalj;a fjhs’
myka jefÜ ±,afjk tla myklska wfkla mykg .eyegla
ke;’tla mykl t<sh wfkla mykg tla ù nen<S .ekau myka
tl;=fõ iajrEmhhs’ wfma iiqka fmryf3⁄4 tl;=j;a funÿ úh
hq;=h’

fmrjok

zztjx nqoaOx irk;dkx - Oïux ix>[p NsCLfjda
Nhxjd cuNs;F;x jd - f,duyxfid k fyii;sZZ

^Oc.a. iQ;%h&

zznqÿ .=K” oyï.=K” iÕ .=K fufia ks;r Ndjkd jYfhka
isyslrkakd jQ uyfKks f;dmg Nhla fyda ;e;s .ekaula fyda
f,duq veye .ekSula fyda fkdjkafkauhZZ hkq .d:dfõ ir,
woyih’

nqÿ .=K wkka;h” i|yï .=K wkka;h” uy iÕ .=K
wkka;h” nqoaO Ou_u ix> hk r;k;%fha wkka; .=K
iïNdrh iïmsKavkh jk fia i3⁄4j{hka jykafia úiskau
.d:d mdG ;=klska foaYkd lrk ,oafoa fjhs’ iQúis uyd .=Kh
kñka ye¢kajkqfha tu .d:d mdG ;=fkys we;=<;a jQ wkka;
.=K iïNdrhhs’ b;sms fid .d:d mdGfhys nqÿ .=K kjhls’
iajdlaLdf;da .d:d mdGfhys i|yï .=K ihls’ iqmámfkkd
.d:d mdGfhys uy i`. .=K mo kjhls’ fufia jQ iQúis uyd
.=Kfhys r;ak;%h i;= wjldYh fia wkka; .=K iïNdrh
ix.%y ù we;’

iu i;<sia iu: Ndjkd w;frka nqoaOdkqiai;s - Oï_udkqiai;s
- ix>dkqiai;s kï jQ wkqiai;s Ndjkd l3⁄4uia:dk jvkq msKsi
iQúis uyd .=Kh ufydamldÍ fõ’ iúia;r jYfhkao” ixfCIam
jYfhkao fï wkqiai;s ;=k jeäfuka kSjrK hgm;a ù
Wmpdr iudêhg;a tuÕska fiiq w3⁄4mKd l3⁄4uia:dk Ndjkd;a
jvd Ñ;a; idudêh Yla;su;a fldg úo3⁄4Ykd Ndjkdj jvd
wkqms<sfj<ska ud3⁄4. M, ks3⁄4jdKdjfndaOh f;la wê.uhka
idCId;a lr .; yels fõ’

fï W;=ï O3⁄4u odkuh l=i,dksixih wmj;a ù jod< Y%S l<HdKs
fhda.dY%u ixia:d iuq;amdol m%Odk wkqYdil ufydamdOHdh
rdclSh mKaä; lvjeoa¥fõ Y%S ðkjxidNsOdk uyd iajdóka
jykafiaf.a f;jia .=KdkqiaurKh isysm;a lrñka isÿ lrk

O3⁄4u odkuh W;=ï msfkka w;s mQckSh mKaä; udysñmdKka
jykafiag W;=ï nqÿ nj w;am;a fõjd!

È.= l,la ;siafia iu: - úoY_kd Ndjkd WmfoaYlhka m%.=K
lrjk jHla; m%;sn, Ndjkd WmfoaYlhka jykafia kula jk
mQcH odiaj;af;a iqukiS, iajdñka jykafia úiska iïmdÈ; fuu
iQúis uyd .=K Ndjkd oyï fmd; fndfydafokd yg Ndjkd
wNsjDoaêh msKsi taldka;fhka fya;= fõjd’ mQcH odia j;af;a
iqukiS, iajdóka jykafiag r;ak;%hdkqNdj n,fhka ksÿla
ksfrda.S iqjm;a Ndjfhka úxY;a Y;j3⁄4Idêl ld,hla §3⁄4>dhq
Y%S iïm;a w;afõjd’

fuu O3⁄4u odkuh l=i,h i|yd Okh” Y%uh jeh l< mskaj;a
ore msßig;a” fuu W;=ï l=i,hg orejka fhduq l< msxj;a
fouõmshkag;a tu mjq,a j, ¥ ore ys; ñ;% ish¿ fokdg;a
fuu O3⁄4u .%ka:h mßYS,kh lrk ieu fokdg;a uqøK lghq;=
l< ieu fokdg;a iqQúis f;rejka n,fhka ish¿ iuHla m%3⁄4:kd
uqÿka m;a ú fof,dj ch f.k me;+ fndaê {dkhkaf.ka w.%
wud uy ksjka iqjh wjfndaO fõjd’

zziífí iF;d Njk;= iqÅF;;dZZ

fuhg
fu;e;s”
kdWhfka wßhOuu i:úr’

kdWhk wrKH fiakdikh

yeÈkaùu

Y%Su;a iïud iïnqoaO Ydikhl ;sfnk W;=ïu .=Kh
;kqrejkaf.a iQúis uyd .=Khhs’ iïud iïnqoaO Ydik ld,h
;=< muKla úoHudk jk W;=ï .=Khls fuh f,dalfha l,am
fldaá .Kklska my< fjk W;=ï jia;=jls’ ksh; újrK
,nd .;a fndai;dKkajykafia,d jQjo” m%{dfjka wêlkï
idrdixLH l,am ,CIhla o” Y%oaOdj wêl kï wgd ixLH
l,am ,CIhlao” ù3⁄4h wêlkï” fidf<did ixLH l,am
,CIhla jeks w;s §3⁄4> ld,hlska f,dalfha fndai;dKkajykafia
kula f,djq;=rd nqÿ moúhg m;a ùfuka wk;=rejhs ;=Kqrejka
f,dalhg m;ajkafka’ ksh; újrK ,nkakg by; w;s §3⁄4>
ld,hla wksh; jYfhkau mdrñ oï msßh hq;=h’ tjeks ld,
mßÉfþohla .ek is;k úg ld,h .ek wmg iSud l<
fkdyelsh’

il, f,dal jdiSkaf.a iQúis .=K oekqug jvd uy;a jQ iQúis .=K
oekqula tla fidajdka mqoa.,fhl=g we;ehso fidajdka mqoa.,hska
oyilg jvd tl ilDod.dó mqoa.,fhl=g oekqu we;ehso”
ilDod.dó mqoa.,hka oyilg jeä oekqula wkd.dó tla
mqoa.,fhl=g we;ehso” wkd.dó oyila fokdg jvd wry;a
mqoa.,hdg oekqula we;a;dy’ idudkH ry;ka jykafiaf.a
.=Khg jvd wiQ uy ry;=ka jykafia,df.a .=Kh jeäh’ wiQ uy
ry;=ka jykafia w;=ßka ldYHm” wkqreoaO” uyd lÉpdhk”
uyd fldÜÀ; ta uy ry;=ka jykafia,d w;sf3⁄4l oekqulska
hqla;h’ Bg jvd oekqula wiQ uyd Y%djlhka jykafia,dgo”
Bg jvd oekqula mfia nqÿ rcqka flfkl=go” Bg jvd ilaj,
mqrd isjqre fldk .Efjk fia isgf.k iQúis .=K isys lrk
wjia:djla fõo Bg jvd f,dõ;=rd nqÿrcdKka jykafia,df.a
iQúis .=K {dk uy;ah’ iQúis .=K {dkhla tl nqÿrcdKka
jykafia flfkl=g we;ehso olajd we;’ tfukau nqÿrcdKka
jykafia,d úiska foaYkd lrk ,o Y%S ioaO3⁄4u r;akh iir
.ufka§ i;a;ajhka iißka tf;r lrjkak Wmldr jk kejla
yd iudkh’ thg wkqhd; m%;sm;a;sfha fhokakd jQ f.!rj l<
hq;= m%;sm;a;s ud3⁄4.fha fhfokakd jQ Y%djlhkaf.a W;=ï .=K
i,ld wm yeu fokdg;a fï W;=ï iQúis .=Kh ;=<ska W;=ï

ksjka iqjh wjfndaO lr .ekSug yels fõjdhs m;uq’ fï iQúis
uyd .=KdkqNdj n,h isysm;a lrñka isÿ lr.;a O3⁄4u odkuh
l=i,dkqNdj n,fhka wmj;a ù jod< ue,a,., fhda.dY%udêm;s
w;s f.!rjkSh úo3⁄4YKdpdH_h wiauvf,a Y%S r;kmd,dNsOdk
uyd iajdóka jykafiag w;s W;=ï ksjka iqjh msKsiu Wmldr
fõjd!’

fuu W;=ï l=i,h wmj;a ù jod< Y%S l<HdKs fhda.dY%u ixia:d
m%Odk l3⁄4uia:dkdpd3⁄4h m%Odk wkqYdil w;s f.!rjkSh
ufydamdOHdh rdclSh mKaä; ud;r Y%S {dkdrdudNsOdk uyd
iajdóka jykafiag w;s W;=ï ksjka iqjhu wjfndaO fõjd!’

iïnqoaO Ydikfhys m%;sm;a;s O3⁄4uh k.d isgqùu i|yd Ôú;
mß;Hd.fhka Ydik fufyh wv ish jirlg jeä ld,hla
Y%S l<HdKs fhda.dY%u ixia:dj wdrïN fldg mj;ajdf.k .sh’
w;s f.!rjkSh m%Odk wkqYdil rdclsh mKaä; lvjeoaÿj Y%S
ðkjxidNsOdk uyd iajdóka jykafiag O3⁄4u odkuh mskalfuka
w;am;a jQ W;=ï l=i, n,fhka iir iqjfiau mdró O3⁄4uhka
iïmQ3⁄4K fldg f,dõ;=re nqÿ nj msKsiu Wmldr fõjd`’

wmj;a ù jod< ue,a,., fhda.dY%udêm;s w;s.re mQckSh
mkak, Y%S iquk iajdñka jykafiag fï l=i,a n,fhka W;=ï
ksjka wjfndaOh msKsi Wmldr fõjd`’

w;s.re mQcksh wmj;a ù jod, kd:.fKa wrKH fiakdikdêm;s
fhda.dY%u uyd ix> iNdfõ iNdm;s .egudkafka Y%S
úu,jxidNsOdk uyd iajdóka jykafiag w;s W;=ï ksjka iqjh
wjfndaO fõjd`’

fuu W;=ï l=i,h idik NdrOdÍj isg wmj;a ù jod, ish¿u
iajdñka jykafia,dg W;=ï ksjkaiqjh wjfndaO ùu msKsiu
Wmldr fõjd!’

`Y%S l<HdKs fhda.udY%u ixia:d ldrl ix> iNdfõ iNdm;s
wmj;a ù jod, w;s.re mQckSh ñkqjka.uqfõ kd.s;dNsOdk
uyd iajdóka jykafia m;k fndaêhlska ksjka iqjh wjfndaO

fõjd!’

Y%S l<HdKs fhda.dY%udêm;s m%Odk wkqYdil m%Odk
l3⁄4uia:dkdpd3⁄4h ;%smsgldpdH_h w;s.re mQcksh kdWhfka
wßhOuudNsOdk uyd iajdñka jykafiag fuu W;=ï jQ l=i,a
n,fhka iqjfiau mdrñ iïmQ3⁄4K lrñka Ydik wNsj3⁄4Okh
i|yd lghq;= lsßug Yla;sh” n,h” ffO3⁄4h ú3⁄4hh
wdYs3⁄4jdoh ,efíjd’ ksÿla ksfrda.S Ndjh Ñr Ôjkh ,efíjd!’
me;=ï uqÿka m;a ù w;s W;=ï nqÿ nj ,efíjd!

kd:.k wrKH fiakdikdêm;s w;s.re mQckSh yejekame,eiafia
pJøjxidNsOdk uyd iajdóka jykafiag ksÿla ksfrda.S Ndjfhka
Ydik fiajdjka iïmQ3⁄4K lr .ekSug Yla;sh ,efíjd`’ me;=ï
mßÈ W;=ï jQ ksjka iqjh ,efíjd!

Ydik NdrOdÍj iiqka ms<sfj;a mqrk ish¨u uyd ix> r;akhg
iiqka fl; wdrCId lrf.k mdrñ Yla;sh uqÿka m;a ù ksjka
iqjhu ,efíjd!

fuu W;=ï O3⁄4u odkuh l=i,h j3⁄4Ihla mdid fjila Èkh
fjkqfjka isÿ lrk msxj;a orejkaf.a ðú; jgd meñK
we;s ish¿ wm, Wmøj” .%y fodai” i;=re lror ndOl
msvd u. yef3⁄4jd! wixjr” lïue,s .;s mej;=ï ÿre fõjd!
ldhsl ksfrda.S iqjh udkisl ksfrda.S iqjh ,efíjd! t<U isá
isys kqjKska ;ekg iqÿiq kqjKska ixjrj uõmsh .=rejr
jeäysáhkag wjk;j i;a mqreI .=K kqjKska Wiia wOHdmk
lghq;= Èfkka Èk ÈhqKq fõjd`’ wkd.; fi!Nd.H Wod fõjd!’
ijp lSlre ksy;udkS i;amqreI l<.=K i;aldr lrkakg
yels fõjd`’ ksÿla ksfrda.sj §3⁄4>dhqI ,efíjd`’

odhl uõmshkaf.a wdYs3⁄4jdoh

ÿis,aj;aj wjqreÿ ishhla Ôj;a ùug jvd is,aj;aj tla Èkla
.; lrk Ôú;h w.kd nj ;sf,da.=re nqÿrcdKka jykafia
foaYkd l< fial’ W;=ï is,d§ .=Kfhka mßmQ3⁄4K jQ ÿ3⁄4,N
l,HdK ñ;% W;=uka jykafia kula jQ ksjka uÕ fidhñka hk
msßig YS, iudê” wdñi” m%;sm;a;s” iu:” úmiaikd wd§
Ydiksl .=Khkaf.ka imsreK Ôú; ,nd .ekSug Wmldr l<d
jQ wm ieu ksjka uÕg fhduq l<d jq wmj;a ù jod< fndaêi;aj
.=fKdafma; w;s mQckSh l3⁄4uia:dkdpd3⁄4h odiaj;af;a iquKiS,
iajdóka jykafia wjika jrg ixialrKh lrk ,o fuu fmd;
uqøKh lsÍu flfrys Wkajykafia ±ä lemùulska lghq;=
l< nj f.!rjfhka isysm;a lruq’ ^fuu fmd; Wkajykafia
úiska wmyg ilia lr ÿka wdldrhgu uqøKh lsÍug lghq;=
flrefjuq’&

kka foiska .,d wd oyï msmdis; fhda.djprhka yg isis,a
Èh oyrla f,iska w3⁄4:fhka O3⁄4ufhka wkqYdikd lrk ,o
wdñi m%;sm;a;s mQcdjka i`oyd u`. fmkajñka” Wmfoia foñka
iïnqoaO” Ydikfha wNsjDoaêh i`oyd lem jQ Ôú; mQcdfjka
lghq;= l< w;s.re cQcksh odiaj;af;a iqukiS, iajdóka
jykafiag fuu W;=ï O3⁄4u odkuh l=i,h f,djq;=rd nqÿnj
,nd .ekSu msKsi Wmldr fõjd` ixidrfha ießirk ;dla l,a
Wkajykafiag §3⁄4>dhqI msKsi u fï l=i,h fya;= fõjd`

fuu O3⁄4u odkuh l=i,h Y%S l<HdKs fhda.dY%u ixia:d m%Odk
wkqYdil wmj;a ù jod< w;s.re mQckSh rdclSh mKaä;
ud;r Y%S {dkrdu uyd iajdóka jykafiag ksjka iqj msKsiu
Wmldr fõjd!

Y%S l<HdKs fhda.dY%u ixia:d iuq;amdol fndaêi;aj .=fKdafma;
wmj;a ù jod< w;s.re mQcksh rdclSh mKaä; lvjeoaÿfõ
Y%S ðkjxYdNsOdk uyd iajdóka jykafiag iqjfiau mdró mqrd
f,djq;=rd nqÿnj msKsiu fï l=i,h fya;= fõjd`’

Y%S l<HdKs fhda.dY%u ixia:d m%Odk wkqYdil

fndaêi;aj.=fKdafma; w;s.re mQckSh uyd l3⁄4uia:dkdpd3⁄4h

kdWhfka wßhOïu ud ysñmdKka jykafiag iqjfia mdró mqrd

W;=ï nqÿnj msKsiu fya;= fõjd`’ wjidkfha W;=ï nqÿnju

,efíjd`’

.re iqukiS, iajdóka jykafia f.a mrf,da iem;a mshdKka
jykafiag;a fY%aIaG .=Kfhka hq;= mqf;l= ìys l< Ôj;aj isák
ohdnr uEKshkag;a” ifydaor ifydaoßhka msßi g;a w;s W;=ï
ksjka iqjh u ,efíjd`’

wm ieuf.a kñka ñh mrf,dj .sh ish¿ u {d;sjrekag fuu
mska wkqfudaoka fõjd`’

fuu fmd; uqøKh lrjd O3⁄4u odkuh jYfhka msßkeóug
lghq;= l< wm ieu fokdg;a’wmf.a iQÔj;a j isák uõmsh
¥ ore ifydaor ifydaoßhka ieugu” uqkqmqre ñKsmsß ieu
fokdgu” {d;s ys; ñ;%d§kago” fuh lshjk ieufokdgu;a”
iqjfia iS,” iudê m%{d .=K mqrdf.k W;=ï ksjka iqjfhka
iekiSug fya;= fõjd`’

uqøK lghq;= uekúka iïmQ3⁄4K l< Èuq;= uqøKd,fha tÉ’ tï’
tÉ’ nKavdr uy;aud we;=¿ ieu fokdg;a ksjka iqjh w;a
fõjd`’

fuhg
mska leu;s
Ndjkd fhda.S msßi

wmf.a jd3⁄4Isl O3⁄4u odkuh msxluhs’
odkhka w;r O3⁄4u odkh b;d W;=ï fõ’ ^m%{d wdf,dalh
,nkakg fya;= fjkjd’&

01’ fuu W;=ï l=i,a n,fhka wm yeu fokdgu iemfhka”
i;=áka úfkdaofhka” isysfhka kqjKska ixjrfhka wOHdmkh
b;d Wiia f,i imqrd,kakg jdikdj Wod fõjdæ

02’ wmg b;d wdorfhka ore fifkyiska wmj yod fmdaIKh
lr .kakd jQ ohdnr uõmsh fofokdg iqjp” lSlrej” hgy;a
my;aj Ôj;a fjkakg ,efíjdæ

03’ wmg m%{df,dalfhka Ôú; wdf,dalj;a lrk ukdj Ys,am
W.kajk .=re W;=ukag iqjpj” lSlrej” ksy;udkSj .=re is;
fkdßojd b;dfyd¢ka bf.k .kakg ,efíjdæ’

04’ wmf.a ifydaor” ifydaoßhka iu. yd {d;s ys;ñ;%d§ka
iu.” wi,ajdiSka iu. iu.sfhka iduodkfhka ðj;afjkak
,efíjdæ

05’ wmg wkd.;fhys rg ±h fjkqfjka wd.u fjkqfjka
iudch ;=< Ôj;afjkak ,efíjdæ

06’ wmg t<U isá isys kqjKska Wiia wOHdmk lghq;= lr
.kakg ,efíjdæ

07’ wmf.a wkd.; Ôú; jdikdjka; lr .ekSug”
;=Kqrejkaf.a wdYs3⁄4jdoh” uõmsh .=rejrekaf.a wdYs3⁄4jdoh”
{d;s ys; ñ;%d§kaf.a wdYs3⁄4jdoh ,efíjd’æ

08’ wmg wkd.;fhys” ±yeñ .=K.rel Ôú;hla ,ndf.k
rg ±h fjkqfjka fiajhfldg wjidkfha ksjk wjfndaO lr
.kakg ,efíjdæ

m%d3⁄4:kd jdlH

wjir iajdóka jykai m<uqjo” fojkqj o” ;=kafjkqjo
nqoaOr;akhg” Oïu r;akhg” ix> r;akhg uõmsh .=re
W;=uka jykafia,dg ldh oajdrfhka” jdla oajdrfhka” ufkda
oajdrfhka oajdr;%fhka fodfyd;a uqÿfka ;nd wdorfhka
f.!rjfhka Nla;sfhka” fm%aufhka Ñ;a; m%idofhka
ksy;udksj je`o kuialdr lrñ’ kuialdr fõjd!

fufia wdorfhka f.!rjfhka” Nla;sfhka” fm%aufhka”
É;a;mam%idofhka ksy;udksj je`o kuialdr lsÍfï l=i,
fÉ;kdfõ wdkqNdjfhka iir ießirk ;=rd krldÈ
i;r wmdfhd;am;a;sfhkao” ;%súO i;aj úkdYfhkao
wIaGÿIaGCIKfhkao” m[apúO wka;rdfhkao i`oygu
w;ñfoïjd’ iajdñks wka;su wd;au NdjfhaÈ ud3⁄4. M, ks3⁄4jdK
O3⁄4uh iqjfiau wjfndaO fõjd!

m%d3⁄4:kd jdlHfha .eg¿ ;eka’

01’ fuys fm%aufhka hkak’ ysff;IS nj kï jQ ffu;%sh nj o;
hq;=hs’
02’ i;r wmdh - krlh” ;sßika wmdh” fm%a; wmdh” wiqr
wmdh’
03’ ;%súO i;aj úkdYh - ukqIH f,dalfhys mrudhqI oi j3⁄4Ih
jk ld,fhys§ isÿfjk i;a; úkdY ;=khs’ ^ÿ3⁄4NsCIfhka”
wdhqOfhka” frda.fhka&

04 wIaGÿIaGlaIKh

i tlish i;sila jQ ^136& krlh
ii ;sßika wmdh’
iii fma; yd wiqr wmdh
iv wrEm ;,h yd wi[a[;,h’
v msgilaj,’
vi bJøsh úl, Ndjh’ ^ w`o” f.d¿” ìysß&

vii ksh; ñ:Hd oDIaÀh
viii wnqoafOda;amdo ld,h’
05 m[apúO wka;rdh’
1 l3⁄4uwka;rd- m[apdkka;ßh l3⁄4uh’
2’ laf,aYdka;rdh - ksh; ñiÈgqnj ^ ñ:Hd oDIaÀh&
3’ úmdldka;rd - wfya;=l” oaú fya;=l m%;sikaêh’
4’ Wmjdodka;rd - nqoaOd§ wd3⁄4hhka jykafia,dg .erySu’
5’ wdkdñ;sl%ukdka;rd - is,amo ì`o .ekSu

is,a iudoka ùu
^is,a iudoka jk úg ;uka iudoka jk iS,fha ku lshkak&

´ldi wyxNkaf; ;sirfKk ioaêx m[ap iS,x ^wðj wÜGul
iS,x& ^Wfmdai: wÜGx. iS,x& Ou_ux ^.yÜG oi iS,x& hdpdñ
wkq.a.yx l;ajd is,x fo: fï Nkaf;’

ÿ;shïms -wyx Nkaf;a ;sirfKak ioaêx ^m[ap iS,x& ^
wdÔj wÜGul is,x& ^Wfmdai: wÜGx. iS,x& ^.yÜG oi
iS,x& Oïux hdpdñ wkq.a.yx l;ajd iS,x fo: fï Nkaf;’

;;shïms -wyxNkaf;a ;sirfKak ioaêx m[ap iS,x ^
wdÔj wÜGul is,x& ^Wfmdai: wÜGx. iS,x& ^.yÜG
oi iS,x& Oïux hdpdñ wkq.a.yx l;ajd iS,x fo: fï
Nkaf;a’wkqlïmx Wmdodh’

f;areu -—wjir iajdóka jykai˜ uu fï ;sirK iys;
^wdÔj wÜGul is, O3⁄4uh b,a,d isáñ’ Wfmdai: wÜGdx.i,S
O3⁄4uh b,a,d isáñ’ .yÜG oi iS, O3⁄4uh b,a,d isáñ’ & ug
wkq.%y fldg iS,h fok fialajd`

wjir iajdóks - fojkqjo” ;=kafjkqjo” ug wkqlïmd Wmojd
iS,h fok fialajd`

foaYl - huyx jodó ;x jfo:
uu hula lshkafka kï th lshkq uekú’

Y%djl - wdu Nkaf;’
tfiah iajdóka jykai’

kuialdrh#-
kfuda ;iai N.jf;d wryf;d iïud iïnqoOii
kfuda ;iai N.jf;d wryf;d iïud iïnqoOii
kfuda ;iai N.jf;d wryf;d iïud iïnqoOii

f;areu
Nd.Hj;a jQ w3⁄4y;a jQ iïud iïnqÿrcdKka jykafiag u d f . a
kuialdrh fõjd`

Nd.Hj;a jQ w3⁄4y;a jQ iïud iïnqÿrcdKka jykafiag udf.a
kuialdrh fõjd`

Nd.Hj;a jQ w3⁄4y;a jQ iïud iïnqÿrcdKka jykafiag udf.a
kuialdrh fõjd`

nqoaOx irKx .ÉPdñ
ksjka iqjh ú§u msKsi nqoaO r;akh irK hñ’

Oïux irKx .ÉPdñ’
ksjka iqjh ú§u msKsi Oïu r;akh irK hñ’

ix>x irKx .ÉPdñ
ksjka iqjh ú§u msKsi ix> r;akh irK hñ’

ÿ;shïms nqoaOx irKx .ÉPdñ
ksjka iqjh ú§u msKsi fojkqjo nqoaOr;akh irK hñ’

ÿ;shïms Oïux irKx .ÉPdñ
ksjka iqjh ú§u msKsi fojkqjo Oïur;akh irK hñ’

ÿ;shïms ix>x irKx .ÉPdñ’
ksjka iqjh ú§u msKsi fojkqjo ix>r;akh irK hñ’

;;shïms nqoaOx irKx .ÉPdñ
ksjka iqjh ú£u msKsi f;jkqjo nqoaOr;akh irKhñ’

;;shïms Oïux irKx .ÉPdñ’
ksjka iqjh ú§u msKsi f;jkqjo Oïur;akh irK hñ’

;;shïms ix>x irKx .ÉPdñ
ksjka iqjh ú£u msKsi f;jkqjo ix>r;akh irK hñ’

foaYl # irKd .ukx iïmqKaKx
irKd .ukh iïmQ3⁄4Kh

Y%djl #wdu Nkaf;

tfiah iajdóka jykai`

01’ mdKd;smd;d fõruKS islaLdmox iudÈhdñ’
m%dK>d;fhka fyj;a i;=ka ueÍfuka je<lSfï
YsCId moh iudoka fjñ’

02’ wÈkakdodkd fõruKS islaLdmox iudÈhdó’
wÈkakdodkfhka fyj;a wkqka i;= Tjqka leue;af;ka
fkdÿka foh fidr is;ska .ekSfuka je<lSfï
YsCIdmoh iudoka fjñs’

03’ ldfïiq ñÉPdpdrd fõruKS islaLdmox iudÈhdó’
ldfïiqñÉPdpdrfhka fyj;a lduhkays jrojd
yeisÍfuka je<lSfï YsCIdmoh iudoka fjñ’

04’ uqidjdod fõruKS islaLd mox iudÈhdó’
uqidjdofhka fyj;a ±k ±k fndre lSfuka
je<lSfï YsCIdmoh iudoka fjñ’

05’ iqrdfïrh uÊcmud oÜGdkd fõruKS islaLd mox
iudÈhdó’
iqrd mdkfhka fyj;a m%udohg fya;=jk u;a øjHh
mdkh lsÍfuka je<lSfï YsCIdmoh iudoka fjñ’

06’ msiqkdjdpd fõruKS islaLd mox iudÈhdó’
msiqkd jdpfhka fyj;a fla,ï lSfuka je<lSfï
YsCId moh iudoka fjñ’

07’ mreIdjdpd fõruKS islaLdmox iudÈhdó’
mreI jpkfhka fyj;a kmqre jpk lSfuka
je<lSfï YsCIdmoh iudoka fjñ’

08’ iïMmam,dmd fõruKS islaLdmox iudÈhdó’
iïMmam,dmfhka fyj;a ysia jpk lSfuka je<lSfï
YsCIdmoh iudoka fjñ’

09’ ñÉPd wdÔjd fõruKS islaLdmox iudÈhdñ’
ñ:Hd wdÔjfhka fyj;a wO3⁄4u Ôúldfjka je<lSfï
YsCIdmoh iudokafjñ

foaYl #
;sirfKak ioaêx ^wdÔj wÜGul iS,x& ^Wfmdi: wÜGdxÕ
iS,x& ^.yÜG oi iS,x& Oïux idOqlx iqrCÅ;x l;ajd’
wmamudfok iïmdfo;ínx’

;sirK iys; ^wÔj wIaGul iS, O3⁄4uh& ^Wfmdi: wÜGdx.
iS, O3⁄4uh& ^ .yÜG oi iS, O3⁄4uh& ukdj iqrCIs; fldg isys
kqjKska ÈhqKq l< uekú’

Y%djl
wdu Nkaf;
Y%djl ms<s.ekSu tfiah” iajdóka jykai`

kfuda f;a mqßidc[a[ - kfuda f; mqßiq;a;u
kfuda f; mqrid;=,H - kfuda f; mqßidiN

f;areu’
iwdc[a[ mqßi jQ nqÿrcdKka jykai Tn jykafiag udf.a
kuialdrh fõjd`

iiW;a;u mqßi jQ nqÿrcdKka jykai Tn jykafiag udf.a
kuialdrh fõjd`

iiiwiu mqßi jQ nqÿrcdKka jykai Tn jykafiag u d f . a
kuialdrh fõjd`

ivfY%aIaG mqßi jQ nqÿrcdKka jykai Tn jykafiag udf.a
kuialdrh fõjd`

;=kqrejka irK hdfï jeo.;a lu’
;=kqrejka hkq nqoaO” Oïu” ix> hk ;%súO r;akhs’ muK

l< fkdyels jákdlula we;s ksid rejka hk kduh jHjydrhs’
tfiau i;a;ajhkag iir ÿflka ñ§ug msysg jk neúka irK
hk neúka fuu rejka ;=ku ;sirK hkqfjka i|yka fõ’
nqoaO kï nqÿrcdKkajyfiah’ ixidr .ufka iir Nh ÿgqjd
jQ W;=uka jykafia,d iir ÿla w;aú¢k f,dai;=ka flfrys
lreKdfjka ;ud w;g m;a ish¨ iem w;ayer oud iirg
jeo uy ÿla úÈñka f,dj i;aj O3⁄4uhka wjfndaO lrf.k
iir ÿlska ñ§ f,dajeis i;ajhdg;a i;H wjfndaO lrkq msKsi
ÿflka ñÈug u. fmkajQ W;a;uhka jykafia nqoaOkï fõ’
tu W;a;uhka jykafia f,djg fmkajd jod< ksjka ud3⁄4.h
wd3⁄4h wIaGdx.sl ud3⁄4.h iy thska ,nk ks3⁄4jdK wjfndaOhka
hk fï fol O3⁄4uh kï fõ’ tjeks ud3⁄4.hl .uka.;a ksjk
wjfndaO lr.;a W;=ï msßi ^meúÈ msßi& wd3⁄4h ix> kï fõ’

5

irKd.ukh hkq irKhs” msysghs” hkqfjks’ f,dj iir ÿflka
ñ§u msKsi irKhs” msysghs hkqfjks’ úfYaIfhka nqoaO” Ou_u”
ix> hk r;ak;%h Wfoid ;udf.a isf;a we;s msysgh’ ;udg
msysg hehs .ekSu irKd.ukhhs’ msysghehs is;d fiajkh lsÍu
fyda ta nj ±kSu irKd.ukhhs’

nqoaO r;akh hkq#
ixidrfhys wmuK ÿla .eyeg úÈk f,da jeis i;a;ajhka
flfrys lreKdfjka w;g m;a ksjka iem; yer oud iirg
nei wm jekakka flfrys wmuK ÿla ú¢ñka iir fndfyda
ld,hla .=K oyï mqrd oi mdró oyï iu;skai;a wdldrfhka
iïmQ3⁄4K lrñka f,dj ish¨ O3⁄4uhka ;;ajQ mßoafokau i;H
i;rg kxjñka ;uka jykafiaf.au kqjKska wjfndaO fldg
f,dal i;ajhdg iir ÿflka tf;r ùug uÕ fmkajQ f,dalfha
fY%aIaG;u W;a;uhdfKda f,dõ;=rd nqÿrcdKka jykafiah’
wmg Wkajykafiaf.a irKhs” msysghs’

Oïu r;akh hkq#
nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska jodrK ,o kj f,daflda;a;r Y%s
ioaO3⁄4u r;akh ksjka olskakg we;s ud3⁄4.h iy ksjk;a hk
fï folu O3⁄4uh kï fõ’ tu O3⁄4uh irKhs” msysghs’

ix> r;akh hkq#
ksjka ud3⁄4.fha f.dia ksjka iem ,enQ W;=ï jQ msßi iy ksjka
uÕ ms<smÈk msßi wd3⁄4h uyd ix>r;akh kï fõ’ th irKhs
msysghs’

fufia irKd.ukh i;r wdldr fõ’

i ;;amrdhK;d irKd.ukh’
ii YsIHNdfjdm.uK irKd.ukh’
iii m%KSmd; irKd.ukh’
iv wd;au ikaks3⁄4hd;K irKd.ukh’

;;amrdhK irKd.ukh#’

uu nqÿka” oyï” iÕ=ka irK hñ’ ug msysg jYfhka
fiajkh lrñhs lshd flfkla irK hhso” th ;;amrdhK;d
irKd.ukhhs’

YsIHNdfjdm.uK irKd.ukh #

ug iir ÿflka ñ§ug u. fmkajk .=rejrhd lshd f;rejka
flfrys Y%djlfhla fjñ’ YSIHfhla fjñ’ lshd irK hhso ta
YsIHNdfjdm.uK irKd.ukhhs’

m%Ksmd; irKd.ukh’

W;=ï jQ nqoaOr;akhg” Oïur;akhg” ix>r;akhg udf.a
kuialdrh fõjd” lshd kuialdr lsÍfuka irK hdu m%Ksmd;

irKd.ukhhs’
wd;au ikaks3⁄4hd;K irKd.ukh #
ms<sfj;a /lSfuys fhÿK flfkla nqoaO” Oïu” ix> r;akh
Wfoid ;u Ôú;h mß;Hd. lrñka irK hhso” ta wd;au
ikaks3⁄4hd;K irKd.ukhhs’

by; lS irKd.uk i;r wdldrfhka f,!lsl irKd.ukhg
wh;a fõ’ ksjka wjfndaO fkdl< whf.a irKd.ukh f,!lsl
irKd.ukhhs’ ms<sfj;a uÕ .uka lrñka {dkh ÈhqKq lr
ksjka wjfndaO lr W;a;u wd3⁄4h .=Khg meñKs whf.a
irKd.ukh f,daflda;a;r irKd.ukhhs’

irKd.ukh msysg fkdjk wdldrh #
hfula kEoElula i<ldf.k je£ï wdÈh lsßfuka irKla
msysgla ke; jxY mrïmrd jYfhka fyda rEm fYdaNdj wd§
hula i<ldf.k jekafod;a fyda rcqkaf.ka fyda foúhkaf.ka
yd kEoEys;ñ;=rkaf.ka ysßyer lror fjkjdg ìfhka je÷ï
ms÷ï lrkakdg msysgla fkdjkafkah’

irKd.ukh ìÈ hdu #
irKd.ukfhka lsisfia;a f,daflda;a;r irKd.ukh ì¢
hkafka ke;’ f,!lsl irKd.ukh ì£ hd yel’ ;=kqrejka flf3⁄4
we;s weoys,a, ke;sù hdfuka irKd.ukh ì§ hkafkah’

iir ÿflka ñ§ug kï ;kqrejkaf.a msysfgka fkdjkafka hhs
i<ld wkH flfkl=f.a msysg fidhd hdfuka irKd.ukh
jerÈ f,i ì§ hEuhs ^ ì£ hkafkah&

f,!lsl mqoa.,hdf.a urKfha§ iajNdjfhka irKd.ukh ì£
hkafkah’ ;=kqrejkaf.a weoySug le<,la ùu irKd.ukh
ls,sá ùug fya;= jkafkah’ ;=kqrejka flfrys iel lsÍu”
;=kqrejkaf.a .=K fkd±kSu” ;=kqrejkag wf.!rj lsÍu
wdÈfhka irKd.ukh ls,sá jkafkah’

irKd.ukfhys wdksixi #

i3⁄4j{ Ydikhg we;=¨ùfï fodrgqj irKd .ukhhs’ f,!lsl
irKd.ukfhys wksixih kï i;r wmdhg fkdmeñK ÈjH
ukqIH foflys iem iïm;a ú£uhs’ Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia úiskau
fufia foaYkd l< fial’

fhflÑ nqoaOx irKx .;dfia
kf;a .ïiik;s wmdhx
mydh udkqix foyx
foj ldhx mßmqfriik;s

~~hï flfkla nqÿrcdKka jykafia irK fldg .shdyq o”
Tjqyq wmdhg fkdhkafkdah’ irKdksixi fya;= fldgf.k fï
ñksia lh yer foõ f,djg hkakdyqh’~~

;=kqrejka irK .sh i;a;ajfhda foõ f,dj Wmkakdyqh’
;=kqrejka irK fkdf.dia wjfYaI mskalï fldg foõ f,dj
Wmka foúhkag jvd iïm;a oyhlska wêm;sj iem iïm;a
,n;s’ ÈjHuh whqI” ÈjHuh YÍr” j3⁄4Kh” ÈjHuh iem”
ÈjHuh hii” ÈjHuh wêm;s nj iy ÈjHuh jQ rEm” Yío”
.kaO” ri” iam3⁄4I” hk lreKq j,ska foúhka mrojd ch
.ks;a” oyï irK yd iÕ irK fol ms<sn|j;a fuf,iuhs’
iir ÿflka tf;r ùfï woyiska ksjka w;g is; fhduq lrñka
;=kqrejka irK hk mqoa.,hd fidajdka wd§ ud3⁄4.M,j,g
meñK f,daflda;a;r irKd.ukhg m;a jkafkah’

iir ÿflka tf;r ùu i|yd ;=kqrejka wdY%h lr .kakd”
;=kqrejka msysg lr .kakd mqoa.,hdh’ nqÿrcdKka jykafia
Ydia;Djrhd yeáhg i<lk mqoa.,hdh hk w3⁄4:hhs’ ;sirKh
iys; mxp YS,h rlsk mqoa.,hd fn!oaOhd hkqfjka Wmdil
hkqfjka y÷kajhs’

nqÿ .=Kh iy nqÿ .=K Ndjkdj'

tl Ofuud ysCLfj Ndúf;d nyq,slf;d tlk; ksnìÞh"
tlk; úrd.dh" ksfrdaOdh" Wmiudh" wNs[[dh" ifundOdh
ksíndkdh ixj;;;s l;fud tl Ofuud nqoaOdkqii;s whx
fLd yslaLfõ tl Ofuud Ndúf;d nyq,slf;da tlk; ksníodh
tlk; úrd.dh" ksfrdaOdh" Wmiudh wNs[[dh ixj;;;s
ifundOdh ksíndkdh'

uyfKks æ tlu O3⁄4uhla Ndjkdjla jYfhka jvk ,oafoa fndfyda
fldg jvk ,oafoa l, lsßu msKsi" ksùu ixis§u msKsi yd;a
miska ±lSu msKsi" wjfndaOh" kqjK msKsi mj;So" ljr kï tlu
O3⁄4uhlao nqoaOdkqiai;shhs' fiiq O3⁄4u wjfndaOhhs' fuh ksjka
wjfndaOh msKsi Wmldr fõ'

nqfoOdms nqoOii NfKhH jKKx
lmmxms fp w[[ uydiudfKd
ìfh: lfmmd ùr oS>uk;fr
jfKKd kîfh: ;:d.;ii

zznqÿrcdKka jykafia nqÿ jqKq Èk mgka wksla fohla fkdfldg
Èjd ? foflys fkdkj;ajdu wdhq l,amhla uq¿,af,au
nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.au nqÿ.=K j3⁄4Kdj lrkafka kï wdhq
l,amh f.ù hhs' nqÿ .=K lshd wjika lsrSug fkdyels fõ'ZZ

f,dalfhys nqÿrcdKka jykafia kula my<ùu b;du;au
ÿ3⁄4,Nh' fndaêi;aj ixl,amkdj is;g .;a {dkjka;
i;a mqreIfhda w;s §3⁄4> ld,hla fndai;a is; mqreÿ
lrñka meñfKkafka uyd iïm;a;sh mqreÿ lrñkah tkï"
wNsksndrfha§ iïmQ3⁄4K úh hq;= lreKq" W;=ñ ñksia Njh"
,sx. iïm;a;sh ry;a ùug fya;=jh' Ydia;D o3⁄4Ykh"
wêldrh n,j;a Pkaoh ^leue;a;& iïmQ3⁄4K lrñka meñK
nqÿrcdKka jykafia kulf.ka ksh; újrK ,ndf.k t;eka
mgka idrd ixLH l,am ,CIhla fyda wgdixLH l,am ,CIhla
fyda fid<id ixLH l,am ,CIhla fyda fndaê ldrl O3⁄4uhka
iïmQ3⁄4K l< hq;=h' fï ;rï ld,hla mdró mqrd f,dõ;=rd

23

nqÿ nj ,nkafka nqÿ nj m;d mdró oï mqrk fndai;dKka
jykafia,df.a ika;dkfhys ksh;skau wd.u Y%oaOdj mj;sk ksid
nqÿ.=K Ndjkdj b;d fyd¢ka meyeÈ,sj mj;S' nqÿ.=K foaYkd
l< hq;= wh w;r;a" nqÿ.=K weiQ wh w;r;a" nqÿ.=K .ehQ wh
w;r;a" nqÿ.=K ±rE wh w;r;a f,dõ;=rd nqÿrcdKkajykafia
u fY%aIaGhs" W;a;uhs" w.%hs" mfia nqÿ uyry;ka jykafia,do
b;d W;=ïh' ksrka;rfhkau nqÿ.=K isyslrk fhda.shdg nqÿnj
,nkakg is; fhduq fjhs' fkdwkqudkh' nqÿnj wkd.;fhys
,eîug isák who wksjd3⁄4hfhkau nqÿ.=K Ndjkdj isÿ l<
hq;=uh'

uy fndai;dKka jykafia,d f.a ika;dkfhys nqÿ.=K
msysgk wdldrh wkqj wm uy fndai;dKka jykafiaf.a
ika;dkfhys nqÿ .=K msysáfha l,am úis wixLHhlg
u;af;kah' tkï" ufkdam%ksOdkh wdrïNfha§h' t;eka mgka
w;s §3⁄4> ld,hla nqÿ.=K Ndjkdfõ wdksixih ú¢ñka mdró
mqrd.;a wdldrh iEu flfkl=gu b;du;a wdo3⁄4Yj;ah'b;du;a
úis;=reh' ta id §3⁄4> ld,hla we;=<; f,dalfhys my< jQKq
^512027& mka,CI fodf<diaoyia úisy;a kulf.a rEm
ú,dih ish fk;ska ±l Wkajykafia,df.a nqÿ.=K ;;=fia
kqjKska ±kf.k ta W;=uka jykafia,df.a wjjdofhka "
wkqYdikdfjka" WmfoaYfhka" wdo3⁄4Yfhka Wkajykafia,dgu
wkql+,j" wkqrEmj" wkqhd;j" wkqnoaOj" nqÿ.=Khgu t,an
isá isysfhka nqoaO ldrl O3⁄4uhka iïmq3⁄4K lsÍu jYfhka
nqÿ.=K Ndjkdj iïmQ3⁄4K l< fial' .=Kj;a jQ is,aj;a jQ
whgu msysgk W;=ï .=Khls' idudkH flfkla isyslrk
nqÿ.=Khg jvd is,aj;aj .=Kj;aj isyslrk .=Kh b;d
uy;ah' il, f,!lsl ckhdf.a nqÿ.=K ±kqug jvd tl
fidajdka mqoa.,fhl=g we;af;ah' fidajdka mqoa.,hka oyilg
we;s nqÿ.=K ±kqug jvd nqÿ.=K ±kSula tl ilDod.dó
mqoa.,fhl=g we;af;ah' ilDod.dñ mqoa.,hka oyilg jvd
nqÿ.=K ±kqula tl wkd.dó mqoa.,fhl=g we;af;ah' wkd.dó
mqoa.,hka oyilg jvd nqÿ.=K ±kqula tl idudkH ry;ka
jykafia kulg we;af;ah' wiQ uy Y%jlhka jykafia,df.ka
ldYHm" wkqreoaO" uydlÉpdhk iajdñka jykafia,dg w;sf3⁄4l
±kqula we;af;ah' w.iõ fofokd jykafiag Bg;a jvd

24

nqÿ .=Kh iy nqÿ .=K Ndjkdj'

tl Ofuud ysCLfj Ndúf;d nyq,slf;d tlk; ksnìÞh"
tlk; úrd.dh" ksfrdaOdh" Wmiudh" wNs[[dh" ifundOdh
ksíndkdh ixj;;;s l;fud tl Ofuud nqoaOdkqii;s whx
fLd yslaLfõ tl Ofuud Ndúf;d nyq,slf;da tlk; ksníodh
tlk; úrd.dh" ksfrdaOdh" Wmiudh wNs[[dh ixj;;;s
ifundOdh ksíndkdh'

uyfKks æ tlu O3⁄4uhla Ndjkdjla jYfhka jvk ,oafoa fndfyda
fldg jvk ,oafoa l, lsßu msKsi" ksùu ixis§u msKsi yd;a
miska ±lSu msKsi" wjfndaOh" kqjK msKsi mj;So" ljr kï tlu
O3⁄4uhlao nqoaOdkqiai;shhs' fiiq O3⁄4u wjfndaOhhs' fuh ksjka
wjfndaOh msKsi Wmldr fõ'

nqfoOdms nqoOii NfKhH jKKx
lmmxms fp w[[ uydiudfKd
ìfh: lfmmd ùr oS>uk;fr
jfKKd kîfh: ;:d.;ii

zznqÿrcdKka jykafia nqÿ jqKq Èk mgka wksla fohla fkdfldg
Èjd ? foflys fkdkj;ajdu wdhq l,amhla uq¿,af,au
nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.au nqÿ.=K j3⁄4Kdj lrkafka kï wdhq
l,amh f.ù hhs' nqÿ .=K lshd wjika lsrSug fkdyels fõ'ZZ

f,dalfhys nqÿrcdKka jykafia kula my<ùu b;du;au
ÿ3⁄4,Nh' fndaêi;aj ixl,amkdj is;g .;a {dkjka;
i;a mqreIfhda w;s §3⁄4> ld,hla fndai;a is; mqreÿ
lrñka meñfKkafka uyd iïm;a;sh mqreÿ lrñkah tkï"
wNsksndrfha§ iïmQ3⁄4K úh hq;= lreKq" W;=ñ ñksia Njh"
,sx. iïm;a;sh ry;a ùug fya;=jh' Ydia;D o3⁄4Ykh"
wêldrh n,j;a Pkaoh ^leue;a;& iïmQ3⁄4K lrñka meñK
nqÿrcdKka jykafia kulf.ka ksh; újrK ,ndf.k t;eka
mgka idrd ixLH l,am ,CIhla fyda wgdixLH l,am ,CIhla
fyda fid<id ixLH l,am ,CIhla fyda fndaê ldrl O3⁄4uhka
iïmQ3⁄4K l< hq;=h' fï ;rï ld,hla mdró mqrd f,dõ;=rd

25

nqÿ nj ,nkafka nqÿ nj m;d mdró oï mqrk fndai;dKka
jykafia,df.a ika;dkfhys ksh;skau wd.u Y%oaOdj mj;sk ksid
nqÿ.=K Ndjkdj b;d fyd¢ka meyeÈ,sj mj;S' nqÿ.=K foaYkd
l< hq;= wh w;r;a" nqÿ.=K weiQ wh w;r;a" nqÿ.=K .ehQ wh
w;r;a" nqÿ.=K ±rE wh w;r;a f,dõ;=rd nqÿrcdKkajykafia
u fY%aIaGhs" W;a;uhs" w.%hs" mfia nqÿ uyry;ka jykafia,do
b;d W;=ïh' ksrka;rfhkau nqÿ.=K isyslrk fhda.shdg nqÿnj
,nkakg is; fhduq fjhs' fkdwkqudkh' nqÿnj wkd.;fhys
,eîug isák who wksjd3⁄4hfhkau nqÿ.=K Ndjkdj isÿ l<
hq;=uh'

uy fndai;dKka jykafia,d f.a ika;dkfhys nqÿ.=K
msysgk wdldrh wkqj wm uy fndai;dKka jykafiaf.a
ika;dkfhys nqÿ .=K msysáfha l,am úis wixLHhlg
u;af;kah' tkï" ufkdam%ksOdkh wdrïNfha§h' t;eka mgka
w;s §3⁄4> ld,hla nqÿ.=K Ndjkdfõ wdksixih ú¢ñka mdró
mqrd.;a wdldrh iEu flfkl=gu b;du;a wdo3⁄4Yj;ah'b;du;a
úis;=reh' ta id §3⁄4> ld,hla we;=<; f,dalfhys my< jQKq
^512027& mka,CI fodf<diaoyia úisy;a kulf.a rEm
ú,dih ish fk;ska ±l Wkajykafia,df.a nqÿ.=K ;;=fia
kqjKska ±kf.k ta W;=uka jykafia,df.a wjjdofhka "
wkqYdikdfjka" WmfoaYfhka" wdo3⁄4Yfhka Wkajykafia,dgu
wkql+,j" wkqrEmj" wkqhd;j" wkqnoaOj" nqÿ.=Khgu t,an
isá isysfhka nqoaO ldrl O3⁄4uhka iïmq3⁄4K lsÍu jYfhka
nqÿ.=K Ndjkdj iïmQ3⁄4K l< fial' .=Kj;a jQ is,aj;a jQ
whgu msysgk W;=ï .=Khls' idudkH flfkla isyslrk
nqÿ.=Khg jvd is,aj;aj .=Kj;aj isyslrk .=Kh b;d
uy;ah' il, f,!lsl ckhdf.a nqÿ.=K ±kqug jvd tl
fidajdka mqoa.,fhl=g we;af;ah' fidajdka mqoa.,hka oyilg
we;s nqÿ.=K ±kqug jvd nqÿ.=K ±kSula tl ilDod.dó
mqoa.,fhl=g we;af;ah' ilDod.dñ mqoa.,hka oyilg jvd
nqÿ.=K ±kqula tl wkd.dó mqoa.,fhl=g we;af;ah' wkd.dó
mqoa.,hka oyilg jvd nqÿ.=K ±kqula tl idudkH ry;ka
jykafia kulg we;af;ah' wiQ uy Y%jlhka jykafia,df.ka
ldYHm" wkqreoaO" uydlÉpdhk iajdñka jykafia,dg w;sf3⁄4l
±kqula we;af;ah' w.iõ fofokd jykafiag Bg;a jvd

26

nqÿ.=K ±kqula we;af;ah' ta W;=uka jykafia,d w;ßka Bg;a
jvd nqÿ.=K ±kqula oïfifkú ießhq;a uy ry;ka jykafiag
we;af;ah'

nqÿrcdKka jykafia tla iuhl kd,kaodfõ
mdjdßl wU jkfhys jev jdih lrk fial' ta iufhys
kqjKe;s Y%djlhka w;r w.;ekam;a jq oïfifkú idßmq;a;"
uyry;ka jykafia tu wUjkfhysu M, iudm;a;shg
iuje§ bka ke.S isg ;uka jykafiaf.au .=Kh isyslrkakg
mgka .;a fial' ;uka jykafiaf.au iS, .=Kfhka mgkaf.k
wkqms<sfj<ska iudê" m%{d" úuqla;s" úuqla;s {dk oiaik m%:u
OHdk iudm;a;sfha mgka fojeks ;=kajeks" i;rjeks iudm;a;s
j,g iuje§ wkqms<sj<ska wrEm iudm;a;s j,g iuje§
úmiaikd {dk" mqífíksjdi {dk" ÈÄLplaLq" fida;dm;a;s
wd§ i;r M, iudm;a;s {dk" p;=máiïNsod {dk
iys;j idjl mdrñ;d {dkh my<ùfuka wfkduoiaiS
nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a mdo uQ,fhys mgka tldixLH l,am
,CIhlska u;af;ys isg ta fudfydf;a jev isá wdikh olajd
mqk mqkd kej; kej; isys lrkakg mgka .;af;ah' túg
;uka jykafiaf.au .=Kh fuf;lehs m%udK l< fkdyels nj
;uka jykafiagu jegfykakg úh'

;uka jykafiaf.a .=Kh m%ldY l< fkdyels kï"

uu hï Ydia;Djrfhla Wfoid meúÈjQfhah" ta wmßñ;

.=KialkaOhla we;s uf.a Ydia;Dka jykafiaf.a .=Kh

fln÷±hs oi n,OdÍ ij_{hka jykafiaf.a .=KialkaOh

isys lsÍug mgka .;ay' tu .=K kd kd m%ldrfhka fno

fnod fufkys l< fial' nqÿ.=Kh wkka;h" nqÿrcdKka

jykafiaf.a iS,h" iudêh" m%{dj" úuqla;sh úuqla;s {dk

o3⁄4Ykh" i;r i;smÜGdk" i;r iDoaêmdo" i;r iuHla

m%Odk ù3⁄4h" m[ap bkaøsh" m[ap n," i;r M," i;r

máiïNsod" IÜ widOdrK [dK" oin, [dk" pqoaoi

nqoaO.=K [dK" fidf<dia uyd [dK wáGdri nqoaO {dk

iQúis fldaájdr" iudm;a;s wry;a M," jðr [dK" wkka;

Kh iukakd.;' iuka; mÜGdk m%lrK úIhka;3⁄4.;

.ïNsr {dk wd§ wfkal úO {dkhkao" .=Khkao isyslsÍug

mgka .;afial' f,dalfhys ysud, m3⁄4j;fhka .,d niakd uyd

27











wryx .=Kfhys idudkH w3⁄4:h iqÿiq ;eke;a;d
hkqfjks' ;:d.; Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia uq¿ f,dal Od;=j ;=<
oCIsKdjla ms<s.ekSug iqÿiqh' oCIsKdj hkq wkd.;fhys
f,!lsl jQo" f,daflda;a;r jQo" Wiia M, n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjka
ie±ye;shka úiska isjqmi jYfhka mQcd lrk m%;Hh fõ'
tu oCIsKdj uy;a M, f.k §u nqÿrcdKka jykafiag
muKla fkdj uyd ix>r;akhg;a we;af;ah' il< flf<ia
m%ydKh fldg mdßY=oaO;ajg meñKs nqÿ mfia nqÿ" uyry;ka
jykafia,d b;du;au iqÿiqh' ry;a Ndjhg m;a fkdjQ is,aj;a
.=Kj;a l<HdK ñ;%hka jykafia,d b;du;au iqÿiqh' ^ is,aj;a"
.=Kj;a" Wmdil" Wmdisld msßio we;=<;ah' tfia kuq;a tu
fok odkh oCIsKdjla jYfhka jHjydr fkdflfrkq ,efí'&
th tfia kuq;a msßisÿ ika;dkfha flf,ia my jQ ;rughs
Wiia mdßY=oaêh jq ;rughs wksixih uy;a M, jkafka hehs
ie<lsh hq;=h'

fõ,du iQ;%fhka fuh b;du;au meyeÈ,sj ±k
.; yelsh' fmr ,xldfõ NsCIQkajykafia,d yeg kula
kd.§mh jkaokdjg f.dia jkaokd fldg miq Èk .ï fodr§
kd.d kï ia;%shla ÿka msKavmd;h mqcd fldg odkh mQcd l<
wdldrh ±kaúh' iajdóka jykafia,d fmrjre ld,fha§u ry;a
njg m;aù odkh je<¥y' mqKaK ÿ.shd isgq njg m;a jQfha
oCIsKdfõ n,fhks' wkakNdr ÿ.Shdf.a oCIsKdj;a uy;a
M, lsßfï n,h WmßÜG kï mfia nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a
W;=ï oCIsfKH .=Kh ksihs' nqÿ nj m;k fndai;dKka
jykafia,d uy oka § nqÿrcdKka jykafia,d yuqfõ§u
m%d3⁄4:kd lsÍu nqÿ nj ,eîug WmksY%h jYfhkau WmldÍ
fõ" Wm;siai" flda,s; fofokdf.a m%d3⁄4:kdj fuka" msmaM,S
udkjl Nødlms,dks hk whf.a m%d3⁄4:kdjkao fuu wryx
.=Kfha W;=ï n,fhkau isÿ úh' ;:d.;hka jykafia wryx
.=K n,fhka Wmka wjia:dfõ§ mgka foúhka" n%yauhka"
ukqIHhka f.ka ksishdldrju mQcd i;aldr ,enQy' wjqreÿ
45 la ;rï ld,hla Ôjudkj mQcd ,nd mßks3⁄4jdKfhka
miqj;a fï olajdu mqcd i;aldr tl fiau meje;afõ' fuh

33

wry;a .=Kfha n,fhks' fuu w3⁄4y;a .=Kfhka iukakd.;
iïud iïnqÿrcdKka jykafia g uu kuialdr lrñ' udf.a
kuialdrh fõjdæ

idOqæ idOqææ idOqæææ

iïud iïnqoaO .=Kh ^idrdxY w3⁄4:h&

iajdóks" Nd.Hj;=ka jykai Tn jykafia úYsIag
[dKfhka o; hq;= jQ i;H O3⁄4uhka úYsIag [dKfhka
wjfndaO l< fyhskao iïud iïnqoaO kï jk fial'

iajdóks" Nd.Hj;=ka jykaiæ Tn jykafia ms<siso
wjfndaO l< hq;= ÿlaL i;H ms<sis| wjfndaO l<
fyhska o" iïud iïnqoaO kï jk fial'

iajdóks" Nd.Hj;=ka jykaiæ Tn jykafia m%ydKh
l< hq;= jQ iuqoh i;H m%ydKh l< fyhskao"
iïud iïnqoaO kï jk fial'

iajdóks" Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia m%;HCI l<
hq;= jq ksfrdaO i;Hh m%;HCI l< fyhskao"iïud
iïnqoaO kï jk fial'

iajdóks" Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia Ndjkd jYfhka
jeäh hq;= jQ ud3⁄4. i;Hh Ndjkd jYfhka jevQ
fyhskao" iïud iïnqoaO kï jk fial'

iajdóks" Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia ixLdr" úldr
,CLK" m[a[;s" ksíndk kï jQ m[apúO f[hH
uKav,h mfrdmfoaY rys;j ijhxN= [dKfhka
i3⁄4jm%ldrfhka wjfndaO l< fyhskao iïud iïnqoaO
kï jk fial'

iïud iïnqoaO .=Kh'

01 iajdóks" Nd.Hj;=ka jyk34ai æ Tn jykafia úYsIag

{dkfhka wjfndaO l< O3⁄4u tkï ialkaO 05 wdh;k
12 Od;= 18" bkaøsh 22" wd3⁄4H i;H 4 mÜÉp iuqmamdo
12 iQúis m%;H 24 wjfndaO l< fial' tfia fyhska
iïud iïnqoaO kï jk fial'

02 iajdóks" Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia o; hq;= O3⁄4uh
jYfhka cd;s" crd" urK" fYdal" mßfoaj" ÿlaL
fodaukiai" Wmdhdi" wm%sh iïm%fhda." msh úmamfhda.'
iy is;+foa bgq fkdùu" m[ap Wmdodk" ialkaO ÿl
wjfndaO lr .ekSu' ^wjfndaO l< fial& tfia fyhskao
iïud iïnqoaO kï jk fial'

03 iajdóks" Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia m%ydKh l< hq;=
O3⁄4u ldu ;Kaydj" Nj ;Kaydj úNj ;Kaydj m%ydKh l<
fial' tfia fyhskao" iïud iïnqoaO kï jk fial'

04' iajdóks" Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia mila l< O3⁄4u
wixL; Od;= ixLHd; ks3⁄4jdKh ksfrdaO i;H wjfndaO
l< fial' tfia fyhskao iïud iïnqoaO kï jk fial'

05' iajdóks" Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia Ndú;d l<d jQ
O3⁄4u jYfhka wd3⁄4h wIaGdx.sl O3⁄4uh hym;a ±lSu"
hym;a l,amkdj" hym;a jpkh" hym;a l3⁄4udka;h"
hym;a wdÔjh" hym;a W;aidyh" hym;a i;sh"
hym;a iudêh Ndú;d l< fial' tfia fyhskao iïud
iïnqoaO kï jk fial'

01' Gdkd Gdk [dKh' ^ ia:dk wia:dk okakd kqjK&

;:d.; Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia jkdys ta ta foa isÿùfï§
fya;= O3⁄4u ksje/È f,i okakdy" wfya;= O3⁄4uo ksjerÈ
f,i okakdy' fya;= wfya;= O3⁄4u folu fkdjrojdu we;s
yeáfhkau okakd kqjK ;:d.;hka jykafiaf.a m<uqfjks
;:d.; n,hhs'

2' lïu úmdlc [dKh'

^ ld,;%hg wkqj l3⁄4u iudodkfhkaf.a úmdl okakd {dkh'&

35

w;S;" wkd.;" j3⁄4;udk ld,fhys l=i,dl=i, l3⁄4uhkaf.a
úmdlh ;;ajdldrfhka okakd kqjK ;:d.;hka jykafiaf.a
fojk ;:d.; n,hhs'

3' iínF: .dñKs mámod [d=Kh'
^ish¨ m%;smod okakd kqjK&

;:d.; Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia i;a;ajhka iq.;shg" ÿ.;shg
hk ud3⁄4.hka okakd kqjK w3⁄4y;ajhg muqKqjkakd jq ms<sfj;a
uÕ okakd kqjK ish¨ m%;smod iy.; kqjK we;s fyhskao
;:d.;hka jykafia i;= ;=kafjks ;:d.; n,hhs'

4' wfkalOd;= kdkdOd;= [dKh'
^wfkal Od;= kdkd Od;= okakd kqjK&

;:d.; Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia jkdys wfkl Od;= f,dalfhys
;;ajdlrfhka okakd kqjK" f,dalh iïmQ3⁄4Kfhka we;s ù
ke;sù hk wdldrh uÈka uo fldgia jYfhka ì`È ì`§ m¨ÿ
ù hk wdldrh ialkaO" wdh;k" Od;=j, ;;a;ajdldrh okakd
kqjK ;u ;ukaf.a iajNdjfhka we;a;d jQ ish¨ Od;=j,
iajNdjh okakd kqjK ;:d.;hka jykafiaf.a y;r fjks
;:d.; n,hhs'

5' kdkdê uqla;sl [dKh'
^i;a;ajhkaf.a woyia oek .kakd kqjK&

;:d.; Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia jkdyS iEu i;a;ajhkaf.a
is;a j, mj;akd woyia f;areï .ekSug iu3⁄4:h' fudkhï
flfkla jQj;a ;uka jykafia iómhg meñKsfha kï Tyqf.a
woyi ±kf.k wkqYdikd lr;s' wkqkaf.a woyia ksje/Èj
oek .kakd kqjK ;:d.;hka jykafiaf.a miafjks ;:d.;
n,hhs'

6' bJosh mfrdamßh;a; mßh;a; [dKh'

36

^i;a;ajhf.a Y%oaOdoS bJøsh O3⁄4uhkaf.a ÈhqKq fkdÈhqKq nj
okakd kqjK&

wkH i;ajhkaf.a wkH mqoa.,hkaf.a Y%oaOdÈ bJøsh O3⁄4uhka
fudard we;s ke;s nj okakd bJøsh mfrdamßh;a; [dKh
;:d.;hka jykafiaf.a yhfjks ;:d.; n,hhs'

7' OHdkdê ixlsf,i [Kh'
^OHdkd§kaf.a ixlaf,aIdÈh okakd kqjK&

;:d.; Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia jkdys wIag úfudCIhkaf.kao"
m%:u OHdkd§ iudm;a;skaf.a" ixlaf,ai" fjdaodk O3⁄4uhka
okakd kqjK i;afjks ;:d.; n,hhs'

8 mqífí ksjdi [dKh'

^w;S; cd;s okakd kqjK&

;:d.; N.Hj;=ka jykafia jkdys w;S; Nj mrïmrdj olakd
kqjK' mßhka; mßÉfþohla ke;sj leu;s m%udKhla w;S;
cd;Ska ±lsh yels kqjKla nqÿrcdKka jykafiag we;af;ah'
th ;:d.;hka jykafiaf.a wgfjks ;:d.; n,hhs'

9' osíL plaLq [dKh'

^i;a;ajhkaf.a pq;s Wmam;a;sh okakd kqjK&

;:d.; Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia jkdyS ta ta Njfhka pq; fjk
ta Tjqka l< mska mõ wkqj i;a;ajhkaf.a iq.;s ÿ.;s foflys
Wmokd ieá ukd kqjKska olskakdy' th ;:d.;hka jykafia
f.a kjfjks ;:d.; n,hhs'

10' wijlaLh [dKh'
^wdY%jCIh kqjK&

;:d.; Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ldudoS wdY%jhka CIhùfuka
wkqih O3⁄4uhka rys;ju w3⁄4y;aM, iudêh iy w3⁄4y;a
M, iïm%hqla; m%{dj j3⁄4;udk wd;au NjfhaoSu wêl;r
m%{dfjka ;uka jykafia m%;HCI lr .;a ksid th ;:d.;hka

37

jykafiaf.a oifjks ;:d.; n,hhs'

;:d.; ldh n,h'

;:d.;hka jykafiaf.a {dk n, oyh fukau ldh
n,ho b;d uy;ah' f,dalfhys n, we;s we;a;ka w;r
we;d n,j;ah h; we;a n, Wmudjlska th b;d meyeos,sh'
ld,djl kï wef;l=g uOHu mqreIhka oi fofkl=f.a n,hla
we;' ld,djl we;=ka oifofkl=g we;s n,hla .xf.Hh
wef;l=g we;af;ah" .xf.Hh oi fokdf.a n,hg jeä
n,hla mKavr wef;l=g we;' mKavr oifofkl=g we;s
n,hla ;ïN wef;l=g we;' ;ïN oifofkl=g we;s n,hla
tl msx., wef;l=g we;' msx., we;=ka oi fokl=g jeä
n,hla tl .kaO wef;l=g we;' .kaO we;=ka oi fofkl=g
we;s n,hla tl ux., wef;l=g we;' ux., we;=ka oi
fofkl=g we;s n,hla tl fyauka; wef;l=g we;' fyauka;
we;=ka oi fofkl=g we;s n,hla tl Wfmdai: wef;l=g we;'
Wfmdai: oi fofkl=f.a n,hla tl Poaoka; wef;l=g we;'
Poaoka;hka oi fofkl=g we;s ldh n,hla tl ;:d.;hka
jykafia kulg we;' tu n,hg krdhk ;:d.; n,hhehso
i|yka fõ' idudkH we;=ka oi fldaáhl n,hlao" idudkH
ukqIH .Kkska uOHu mqreIhka fldaá oi oyil n,hlao
we;af;ah'

fufia ta oi n, [dKhkaf.ka iy ldh n,fhka
iukakd.; jk fyhska nqÿrcdKka jykfia iïud iïnqoaOkï
jkfial' ta iïud iïnqÿrcdKka jykafiag uu kuialdr
lrñ udf.a kuialdrh fõjd'

idOqæ idOqææ idOqæææ

iïud iïnqÿ .=Kfhys wdksixi

iïud iïnqÿ W;a;uhka jykafia lsis ;ekl je/§ula
fkdue;sj wf;a we;s fohla ukdj fmfkkakd fia ;uka jykafiaf.au
kqjKska u" w;S;" j3⁄4;udk" wkd.;" hk ld,;%hgu wh;a ish,a,
±k jod< ksid iïud iïnqoaO kï jk fial' ialkaO wd§ O3⁄4uhkaf.a
i;H jgyd .ekSu jYfhka jYS Ndjh ,nd o th iïud iïnqoaO kï

38

jk fial' ;:d.;hka jykafia f,dalfha W;=ï ia:dkhg meñKs ksidu
CI;%Sh" n%dyauK" .Dym;s" Y%uK" pd;=3⁄4uydrdðl msßi ;dj;sxi
msßi" udr msßi" n%yau msßi" wg msßfiys wNS; isxykdo meje;a jQ
nj uyd isykdo iQ;%fha i|yka fõ' tneúka ;:d.;hka jykafia oi
n, {dkhkaf.ka iy ldh n, oyfhka iukakd.; jk fyhska iïud
iïnqoaO kï jk fial'

úÊcdprK iïmkak .=Kh ^idrdxY w3⁄4:h&

1' iajdóks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia mqífí ksjdi[dKh
fmr úiQ l| ms<sfj, okakd kqjK" ÈÄL plaLq [dKh" i;shla
;=< uefrk WmÈk iq.;s" ÿ.;s l=i,a wl=i,a ±k .kakd kqjK
wdY%jCIh l< {dkh" wry;a ud3⁄4. [dKfhka wjfndaO l<
fial' ta iu. úo3⁄4Ykd [dK ufkdauh [dKh" boaêúo [dKh"
mrÑ;a; úcdkk {dkh" ÈÄLfida; [dKho" wjfndaO l<
fial'

2' iajdóks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai Tn jykafia mif<diaprK O3⁄4uh
wjfndaO l< fial' m%d;sfudaCI ixjr iS,h" bJøsh ixjr
iS,h" fNdackud;%{;djh" cd.ßhdkq fhda.h" Y%oaOdj" ysßh"
T;a;mamh" nyqY%e; Ndjh" mrdl%u ù3⁄4hh" i;sh" m%{dj" OHdk
p;=Ialh" wjfndaO l< fial'

úÊcdprK iïmkak .=Kh

1' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia fmr úiQ l| ms<sfj,
okakd kqjK mqífí ksjdidkqiai;s [dKh w;S; cd;Ska isysl<
kqjK ndysr ;jqikag ^40& l,amhlao" Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiaf.a
we;eï Y%jlfhda l,am ishhla" oyila" w;S;h okS' wiQuyd
Y%jlfhda l,am ,CIhla okS' w.% Y%djl foku tld ixLH
l,am ,CIhla w;S;h okS' mfia nqÿrcKka jykafia,d
l,am wixLH folla w;S;h okS' f,djq;=rd nqÿrcdKka
jykafia,df.a {dkh mßÉfþohla ke;sj leue;s
muKla w;S;h isysl< yels ksid w;S;h wjfndaO l<
fyhskao úÊcdprK iïmkak kï jk fial'

2' iajdóks Nd.Hj;=ka jykaiæ Tn jykafia l=i,a wl=i,a

39

/ialrk i;a;ajhkaf.a pq;s Wmam;a;s okakd kqjK ta
ta i;a;ajhka ta ta Njfhka Tjqka l< mska mõ wkqj
i;ajhkaf.a i;shla ;=< pq;s W;am;a;s fol Wmokd yeá
;:d.;hka jykafia ukd fldg wjfndaO l< fyhskao
úÊcdprK iïmkak kï jk fial'

3' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai Tn jykafia ish¨ wdY%jhka
CIh lrk w3⁄4y;a ud3⁄4. {dkh wjfndaO l< fyhskao"
úÊcdprK iïmkak kï jk fial'

4' iajdóks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia úo3⁄4Ykd
{dk" ufkdauh {dk" iDoaêúO {dkh" ÈjH fid;
{dkh" mrÑ;a; úcdkk {dkh" ;%s úoHd {dk iu.
wIag úoHdjkaf.ka iukakd.; jk fyhskao úÊcdprK
iïmkak kï jk fial'

5' iajdóks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia m%d;sfudaCI
ixjr iS,h" bJøsh ixjr iS,h" fNdackfh ud;%{;djh"
cd.ßhdkqfhda.h" ioaOdj" ysßh" T;a;mamh" nyqY%e;
Ndjh" ù3⁄4h" i;sh" m%{dj" mGu" ÿ;sh" ;;sh" p;=F:"
OHdkhka wjfndaO l< fyhskao" úÊcdprk iïmkak kï
jk fial'

úÊcdprK iïmkak .=Kfhys wksixih'

;:d.; Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiaf.a fuu .=Kh
f;úÊcjÉPf.d;a; iQ;%fhys ukdj meyeÈ,s fjhs' oin,
l;dfjys i|yka wg" kjh" oyh hk ;eko Nhfyrj
iQ;%fhys ^;%SúoHdj& b;du meyeÈ,s fõ' úoHdj ksid udKslH
r;akhla úksúo fmfkkakdla fuka kdu rEm úksúo fmfkk
úo3⁄4Ykd {dkho" i3⁄4jdx. mßmQ3⁄4K lhla ks3⁄4udKh l< yels
ufkdauh iDoaê {dkho" is; ilia lr .;a fhda.djprhdg
fndfyda rEm ks3⁄4udKh fldg ;udgu fndfyda fofkl= fia
fmkS isáh yelsh n%yau f,dalh olajd ;udf.a BYajr;ajh
meje;aúh yels {dkh iD`âúO {dkhhs' ^pq,a,mka:l iajdóka
jykafia fukah' lmamsk rc;=ud we;=¿ ms3⁄4i wfkdacd foaúhg
fkdfmfkkak ie,iqjd fukah&' nUf,dj" foõf,dj" mrilaj<

40

olajd mshú lkg fkdwefik Yío wefik {dkh ÈjHfida;
{dkhhs' fidf<dia wdldrfhka wkqkaf.a is;a ±k.kakd {dkh
mrÑ;a; úcdkk {dkhhs'

prK O3⁄4u" m%d;sfudaCI ixjr iS,h" n%yau cd,
iQ;%fhys pQ,iS," uʯu iS," uyd iS," hkqfjka i|yka
fjhs' bJøshka ihfokdf.a iy tu wruqKq ih fokdf.a
ixjrh bJøsh ixjrhhs' kqjKska wdydr wkqNj lsÍu muK
fkdblaujd wdydr .ekSu' fNdack ud;%d{;djhhs' fkdksod
isàfï fh§u fkdksod mxp ksjrKhkaf.ka is; msßisÿ lsÍu'
^ cd.ßhdkq fhda.hhs& ;:d.; Èk p3⁄4hdj w¨hï ld,fha Wfoa
6 isg oj,a 12 f;la mqf3⁄4N;a; lsÉph oyj,a 12 isg iji 6
jk ;=re mÉPdN;a; lsÉph iji 6 isg rd;%s 10 olajd' uOHu
hdu lsÉph rd;%s 10 isg rd;%s 2olajd uʯu hdu lsÉph rd;%s
2 isg w¿hï 6 ld,h olajd mYaÑu hdu lsÉph hkqfjks'
;=Kqrejka ms<s.ekSu Y%oaOdjhs' mjg ms<sl=,a iajNdjh ysßhhs'
mjg ìh iajNdjh T;a;mamhhs' O3⁄4uh isf;ys ±Íu nqyqY%e;
Ndjhhs' i;r iuHla jHdhduh ùhH_hhs' wl=i,h hg fldg
l=i,h u;=lr .ekSu isyshhs' úo3⁄4Yk m%{dj ud3⁄4. m%{dj
m%{djhs' rEmdjpr wrEmdjpr OHdk iudm;a;shhs' fufia
úÊcdprK .=Kfhka iukakd.; iïud iïnqÿrcdKka
jykafiag uu kuialdr lrñ udf.a kuialdrh fõjdæ

idOqæ idOqææ idOqæææ

iq.; .=Kh

01 iajdóks" Nd.Hj;=ka jykai Tn jykafiaæ mdßY=oaO
jQ wd3⁄4h ud3⁄4. ixLHd; ^wd3⁄4h wIaGdx.sl ud3⁄4.fhka
iïud ÈÜÀ wd§ wx`v 8'& fYdaNk .uka we;s fyhskao
iq.; kï jk fial'

02 iajdóks" Nd.Hj;=ka jykai Tn jykafiaæ cd;s" crd"
jHdê" urKd§ ÿla ke;a;d jQ Ydka; iqkaor ks3⁄4jdKhg
.uka.;a fyhskao iq.; kï jk fial'

41

03' iajdóks" Nd.Hj;=ka jykai Tn jykafiaæ i;r u.
M, keKska keiQ flf,iqka kej; kQmojñka .uka .;a
fyhskao iq.; kï jk fial'

04 iajdóks" Nd.Hj;=ka jykai Tn jykafiaæ §mxlr mdo
uQ,fha mgka fndaê uKav,h olajd uOHu m%;smodfjka
iu;sxila mdrñ .=Kfhka .uka .;a fyhskao iq.; kï
jkfial'

05' iajdóks" Nd.Hj;=ka jykai Tn jykafiaæ
id3⁄4:l ioaO3⁄4u foaYkd we;sj .uka .;a fyhskao
iq.; kï jk fial'

iq.; .=Kh

01' iajdóks" Nd.Hj;=ka jykai Tn jykafia fYdaNk .uka
we;s fyhskao" hym;a ±lSfuka" hym;a l,amkdfjka"
hym;a jpkfhka" hym;a l3⁄4udka;fhka" hym;a ±yeñ
Ôú;fhka" hym;a W;aidyfhka" hym;a i;sfhka"
hym;a iudêfhka hqla; jQ wd3⁄4h ud3⁄4.fhka .uka .;a
fyhskao iq.; kï jk fialæ

02 iajdóks" Nd.Hj;=ka jykai Tn jykafiaæ iqkaor jQ ksjkg
jeä fyhska o ^bm§ula ke;s" crdjla ke;s" jHdêhla ke;s"
urKhla ke;s fYdalhla ke;s' mßfoajhla ke;s' Wmdhdihla
ke;s fyhska o" iq.; kï jk fial'

03 iajdóks" Nd.Hj;=ka jykai Tn jykafiaæ keiQ flf,ia
kej; kQm§jñka ksjkg .uka .;a fyhskao" fidajdka
ud3⁄4.fhka ilaldh ÈÜÀ" úÑlsÉPd" iS,ín; mrdudi"
ixfhdacko" ilDod.dó ud3⁄4.fhka f,daN" fodai ixfhdack
iy wkqYh fol ;=kS lsÍfuka o" wkd.dñ ud3⁄4.fhka f,daN
oafõY ixfhdack o" f,daN oafõY wkqYho" iïmQ3⁄4Kfhka
ÿre lsÍfukao w3⁄4y;a ud3⁄4.fhka WoaOxNd.Sh O3⁄4uhka
rEm rd." wrEmrd." udk" WoaOÉp" wúÊcd mio" wkqYh
42

jYfhka wúÊcd wkqYh" udkdkqYh" Ndjrd.dkqYh" keiQ
fyhskao" iq.; kï jk fial'

04 ijdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykaiæ Tn jykafia ldu iqL,a,sldkq
fhda.hg iy w;a;ls,u:dkq fhda.hg fkdmeñK uOHu
m%;smodfjka wd3⁄4h wIagdx.sl m%;smodfjka ksjkg meñKs
fyhskao Ydiaj; WÉfþo wka;hg fkdmeñKs fyhska o"
iq.; kï jk fial'

05' ijdóks Nd.Hj;=ka jykaiæ Tn jykafia iqÿiq l, i;H
jQ m%sh jQ w3⁄4:odhl jq yd iqÿiq l< wm%sh jQ i;H jQ
w3⁄4:odhs jQ jpk we;s fyhska iq.; kï jk fial'

06' ijdóks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia uq, ueo
w. hym;a fyhska ;u ;uka úiskau ±lsh yels
fyhskaowld,sl jYfhka M,h f.kfok fyhskao iqÿiq
úoHdudk wksixi we;s fyhskao" ;u is; ;=< ks3⁄4jdKh
wruqKq lrk fyhskao" keKj;=ka úiska ;ukaf.au keK
muKskau ish is; ;=< m%;HCI l< hq;= wjfndaO lr.;
hq;= O3⁄4uhla foaYkd l< fyhskao iq.; kï jk fial'

;:d.;hka jykafiaf.a ud3⁄4.h'

1' ;: w.f;d;s ;:d.f;d'

ijdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia jkdys fmr
nqÿrcdKka jykafia,d wd mßÈu meñKs neúka ;:d.; kï
fõ' fmr w;S;fha my< jqK §mxlr wd§ nqÿjrfhda il,
i;a;ajhkaf.a hym; Wfoidu meñKshdy' fmr nqÿrcdKka
jykafia,d mdró O3⁄4uhka jYfhka odk" iS," fkÅLïu"
m%{d" ùhH_hLka;s" i;H" wêIaGdk" ffu;%s" WfmaCId wd§
jYfhka oi mdró jYfhkao" oi Wm mdró jYfhkao"
oi mru;a; mdró jYfhkao" iu;sia Ou_ msrEy' wd;au
mß;Hd." fka;% mß;Hd." Okmß;Hd." rdcH mß;Hd.
wUqorejka mß;Hd. jYfhka m[aj mß;Hd.hka mdró
mqrd wd neúkao tfiau i;r i;smÜGdk" i;riDoaêmdo"
i;r iuHla ù3⁄4h m[aj bJøsh m[aj n," ima;

43

fndÊ®`v." O3⁄4u wd3⁄4h wIaGdx.sl ud3⁄4.h mqrdf.k
w;S; nqÿrcdKkajykafia,d wkqju wd ksid ;:d.; kï
fõ' ;:wd.f;d;s ;:d.f;d hkqfjka i|yka fõ'

2 ;:.f;d;s ;:d.f;d

fmr w;S;fha nqoqjre .sh u`. .sh neúkao" ;:d.;
kï fõ' fmr fndai;=kaf.a Wmf;a§ i;a mshjrla .uka
l<y' wfma fndai;dKka jykafiao ta i;a mshjr .shy' ta
fï .uk úfYaI wê.ukhla ,nkakg iqÿiq fmr ksñ;a;la
jk .ukls' fndai;dKka jykafia msám;=,a iuf,i
fmdf<dfjys msysàu i;r iDoaêmdo O3⁄4uh ,eîfï fmr
ksñ;sh' W;=rg .uka lsÍu f,daflda;a;r O3⁄4uhka wjfndaO
lsÍug fmr ksñ;sh' i;a mshjr hdu ima; fndÊ®`v.
O3⁄4uh wjfndaO lsÍug fmr ksñ;sh' rka o`vq pdur tiùu
wkH ;S3⁄4:lhka oukh lsÍug fmr ksñ;sh' Yafõ;P;%h
tiùu wry;a M, úuqla;sh ,eîug fmr ksñ;sh' il,
ÈYdjka ne,Su wkdjrK ij_{;d {dkh ,eîug fmr
ksñ;sh' wNS; isxykdoh lsÍu oïila meje;aùug fmr
ksñ;sh' tu .ufka§ isÿjqKq ish,a, iïmQ3⁄4K úh' Wmka
flfkysu .sh .uklah fmr fndai;dKka jykafia,d
tfiauh' fmr nqÿjre fkÄLïufhka lduÉPkaoh o
wjHmdofhka" ^ffu;%sfhka& jHdmdoho wf,dal ix{dfjka
ÓkïoaOho" is; ;ekam;a ùfuka WoaOÉpho" O3⁄4ufhka
úÑlsÉPdjo" {dkfhka wúoHdjo" m%S;sfhka wr;sho"
m%:u OHdkfhka mxp kSjrKo" fidajdka ud3⁄4.fhka f,daN
ÈÜÀho" ilDod.dó ud3⁄4.fhka ´,dßl laf,aIhkao"
wkd.dó ud3⁄4.fhka wkqih iys; flf,iao" w3⁄4y;a
ud3⁄4.fhka ish¨ laf,aIhkao m%ydKh fldg iqkaor ksjkg
fmr nqÿjre .sh wdldrfhka .uka .;a ksid ;:d.; kï
fõ' ^;: .f;d;s ;:d.f;da hkqfjks&'

3' ;:,CLKx w.f;d;s ;:d.f;d'

kdu rEm O3⁄4uhka f.a kshu ,CIKh i;H ,CIKfhka
±k.;a ksid ;:d.; kï fõ' Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia,d kdu

44

rEm O3⁄4uhka f.a kshu iajNdjh ,CIKh we;s ieáfhkau
±kSu ;: ,CIK {dkfhka meñKSuls' ;: ,CIKfhkau
meñKSfhah kshu ,CIKh ±kSu hkq ;:,laLKx
w.f;d;s ;:d.f;da hkqfjks'

4' ;: Ofuu h:djf;d wNsiuLqfOd;s ;:d.f;d'

Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ÿlaLi;Hh" iuqoh i;Hh" ksfrdaO
i;Hh" ud3⁄4. i;Hh tfiau we;s fyhskao" ;: O3⁄4uhhehs
lshhs' th we;s ieáfhkau wjfndaO lr.;a ksid ;:
Oïfï h:djf;d;s ;:d.f;da hkqfjks'

5' ;: oiis;dh ;:d.f;d

Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia i;a;ajhkaf.a oajdr j,ska .kakd rEm
Yío wdoS wruqKq oajdrdkqidrfhka i;ajhka oek .kakd jQ
rEmdoS O3⁄4uhka we;s ieáfhka ±k ixialdrhka jYfhka o"
ish,a, we;s ieáfhka ±laldy' fidhd.;a;do ish,a, we;s
ieáfhka olakd ksid ;:oiis;dh ;:d.f;da hkqfjks'

6' ;:djdos;dh ;:d.f;d'

Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia fndaê uQ,fha§ nqÿnjg m;a jQ wjia:dfõ
mgka wkqmdÈfYaI mßks3⁄4jdKhg meñKsu f;lau w;r ldf,fha§
hula m%ldY lrk ,oafoao" th tfiau isÿjk fyhska fkdjrÈk
fyhska ;:djdÈ;dh ;:d.f;da hkqfjks'

7' ;:ldrs;dh ;:d.f;da'

Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia hï wdldrhlska hula lshkfiala kï
ta wdldrfhkau lrk fial' tfia fyhska ;:d.; kï jk
fial' ;:ldß;dh ;:d.f;da hkqfjks'

8 wNsNjkfgGk kqjK'

Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia f,dalfhys wNsNjkh lrkakg flfkla
ke;' iS,fhka" iudêfhka" m%{dfjka" úuqla;sfhka" {dk
o3⁄4Ykfhka" foaYkd ú,difhka" wm%fuhH wkq;a;r fjhs'
tfia fyhska wNsNjkfgGk ;:d.f;da hkqfjks'

iq.; .=kh

45







;,h iys; wkka; f,dal Od;=fjys wjldi f,dalh ±k
jod< fyhskao f,dal ú¥kï jk fial'

f,dal ú¥ .=Kfhys wdksixi'

;:d.; Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia jkdys f,dalfhys
iajNdjh ;Fjdldrfhkau foaYkd l< W;a;uhka jykafiah'
f,dalfhys wm okakd ;ru Èh ìÿjla jeksh fkdokakd
;ru uyd id.rhg iudkh' f,dalfha i;a;ajhka jYfhka"
i;aj f,dalh" wjldYh jYfhkao" ialkaO f,dal jYfhkao"
.=K jYfhka f,dalh wjfndaO lr .ekSuh' f,dalfhys uq,
fkdfiúh hq;=h' fya;=M, O3⁄4uh nj kqjKska ms<s.; hq;=h'
wkj;.a. ixhq;a;fha tk iQ;% n,d ±k .; hq;=h' fuu
f,dal iajNdjh ish,a, wjfndaO lr.;a W;a;uhka jykafiag
uu kuialdr lrñ udf.a kuialdrh fõjdæ

idOqæ idOqææ idOqæææ

wkq;a;r mqrsioïu idrÓ .=Kh ^ idrdxY w3⁄4:h &

01 iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æTn jykafia iS,d§ W;a;Í;r
.=K iuQyfhka ;uka jykafiag jvd W;=ï flfkla fkdue;s
fyhskao" wkq;a;r mqßioïu idrÓ kï jk fial'

02 iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia iudê wd§
W;a;Í;r .=K iuQyfhka ;uka jykafiag jvd W;=ï
flfkla fkdue;s fyhskao wkq;a;r mqßiOu_u idrÓ kï
jk fial'

03 iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia m%{d.=KdÈ
W;a;Í;r .=K iuQyfhka ;uka jykafiag jvd W;=ï
flfkl=ka fkdue;s fyhska o wkq;a;r mqßiOu_u idrÓ
kï jk fial'

04 iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tnjykafia úuqla;s wd§
W;a;Í;r .=K iuQyfhka ;uka jykafiag jvd W;=ï
flfkla fkdue;s fyhskao wkq;a;r mqßioïu idrÓ kï

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jk fial'

05 iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia úuqla;s {dk
o3⁄4Yk wd§ W;a;Í;r .=K iuQyfhka ;uka jykafiag
jvd W;=ï flfkl=ka fkdue;s fyhskao" wkq;a;r
mqßioïu idrÓ kï jk fial'

06 iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia rEm ldh
iïm;a;sfhka ;uka jykafiag jvd W;=ï flfkl=ka
fkdue;s fyhskao" wkq;a;r mqßioïu idrÓ kï jk
fial'

07 iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia i;a;sia fndaê
mdCIsl W;a;Í;r .=K iuQyfhka ;uka jykafiag jvd
W;=ï flfkl=ka fkdue;s fyhskao" wkq;a;r mqßioïu
idrÓ kï jk fial'

08 iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia f,dj oukh
l< hq;= mqoa.,hka f,dj W;a;Í;r .=Kfhka oukh l<
fyhskao wkq;a;r mqßioïu idrÓ kï jk fial'

wkq;a;r mqßioïu idrÓ .=Kh'

01' iajdóks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia iS, iudê"
m%{d" úuqla;s" úuqla;s {dk o3⁄4Ykd§ W;=ï W;a;Í;r
.=Kfhka iukakd.; jk fyhskao" wkq;a;r mqßioïu
idrÓ kï jk fial'

02 iajdóks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia p;=mdßY=oaO
is,h" m%d;sfudaCI ixjr YS,h" bkaøsh ixjr iS,h" wdÔj
mdßY=oaO YS,h" m%;H ikaksY%S; iS,fhka iukakd.; jk
fyhskao" wkq;a;r mqßioïu idrÓ kï jk fial'

03' iajdóks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia Wmpdr
iudê" w3⁄4mKd" iudê ldudjpr iudê" rEmdjpr iudê"
wrEmdjpr iudê" f,d!lsl f,daflda;a;r iudêfhka
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