බෟද්ධයා යනු කවරෙක්ද

iukakd.; jQ wkq;a;r mqßioïu idrÓ kï jk fial'

04 iajdóks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia iq;uh
{dkh" Ñka;duh {kh" Ndjkduh {dkh wdÈ fldg
we;s fyhskao fyhskao" wkq;a;r mqßioïu idrÓ kï jk
fial'

05 iajdóks Nd.Hj;=kajykai æ Tn jykafia bJøsh
mfrdamßh;a; {dkh" wdihdkqih {dkh" hul m%d;syd3⁄4h
{dkh" uyd lreKd iudm;a;s {dkh" i3⁄4j{;d {dkh"
wkdjrK {dkh wdÈfhka iukakd.; fyhskao" wkq;a;r
mqßi oïu idrÓ kï jk fial'

06 iajdóks Nd.Hj;=kajykai æ Tn jykafia ;ox.
úIalïNk" iuqÉfþo mámamiaioaê" ksiairK hk m[aúO
úuqla;sfhka hqla; jQ fyhskao" wkq;a;r mqßi oïu idrÓ
kï jk fial'

07' iajdóks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia ud3⁄4. M,
wê.ukhg wk;=rej ,efnk m%;HfõCId {dkhkaf.ka
hqla; jQ fyhskao" wkq;a;r mqßi oïu idrÓ kï jk
fial'

08 iajdóks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia i;a;sia fndaê
mdCIsl O3⁄4uhkaf.ka i;r i;smÜGdk" i;r iDoaêmdo"
i;r iuHla m%Odk ù3⁄4h m[ap bJøsh O3⁄4u m[ap n,
O3⁄4u" ima; iïfndc®x. O3⁄4u" wd3⁄4h wIaGdx.sl
ud3⁄4.h" w§ O3⁄4uhkaf.ka hqla; jQ fyhskao" wkq;a;r
mqßioïu idrÓ kï jk fial'

09 iajdóks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia p;= úidro
{dkhkaf.ka iukakd.;hs" ij_{;d {dkh ms<sn|
úidro w3⁄4y;a ud3⁄4.h ms<sn| úidro ffkhH_dksl O3⁄4uh
ms<sn|" úidro l3⁄4ulaf,aI" úmdl wdY%j jH;suKdka;rh
ms<sn| úidro Ndjfhka hq;a; jQ fyhskao " wkq;a;r
mqßioïu idrÓ kï jk fial'

51

10 iajdóks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia oukh l< hq;=
ukqIH wukqIH" ÈjH" n%yau" ;srYaÑk wd§ i;a;ajhka
úYsIag f,i oukh l< fyhskao" wkq;a;r mqßioïu
idrÓ kï jk fial'

wkq;a;r mqrsioïu idrÓ .=Kfhys wdksixih'

;:d.; Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia jkdys iS,dos W;=ï
.=KialkaOfhka f,dalfhys ish¿ fokdu ukd kqjKska oukhg
m;a l< fial' ;sßika i;=ka oukhg myiqh' ukqIHhka oukh
ÿIalrh' nqÿrcdKka jykafia irK iS,d§ m%;sm;a;s O3⁄4ufhka
oukh lsÍu b;du;au jeo.;ah' ksjka ud3⁄4.hg m%;súreoaO
ud3⁄4.fhys hk wh irK iS,d§ .=Kfhka ij3⁄4. fudaCI
ud3⁄4.fhys .uka lrkqjka njg m;a ùu b;du W;=ï oukhhs'
wkqkaf.a oukhg jvd wmg msysg jkafka ;uka oukhg m;a
ùuh' wkqka oukh l< yelsjkafka ;ukaf.a Ñ;a; oukfhka
miqjhs' ;:d.; iïud iïnqÿrcdKka jykafia oi fmreï mqrd
tys n,fhka fndaê uq,fhys il, Cf,aIhka w3⁄4y;a ud3⁄4.{dk
keue;s .skafkka ojd i3⁄4jm%ldrfhka mdßY=oaOFjhg meñK
;uka jykafia m<uq fldg ;ukaf.a ika;dkh oukh fldg
mkaid,sia jila uq¿,af,a wmuK i;a;ajhka oukhg m;a
l<y' iyïm;s n%yau rdchdf.a wdrdOkdfjka m<uq meje;a jQ
Oïu plal iQ;%fhka w[a[d fldKav[a[ f;reka we;=¿ oy
wg fldaáhla n%yaufhda oyï weiska oukhg m;a jqy' fuf,i
mqoa.,hdf.a oukh wry;ajfhka wjika fldg jod< iïud
iïnqÿrcdKka jykafiag uu kuialdr lrñ' udf.a kuialdrh
fõjd æ'

idOqæ idOqææ idOqæææ

i;a:d foajukqiaidkx .=Kh ^idrdxY w3⁄4:h&

52

01 iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia foõñksiqkag
f,dõ;=rd iqjh msKsi wkqYdikd l< fyhskao" i;a:dfoaj
ukqiaidkx jk fial'

02' ijdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia foõ ñksiqkag
fuf,dj ys; iqj msKsi wkqYdikd l< fyhska" i;a:d foaj
ukqiaidkx jk fial'

03 iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia foõ ñksiqkag
mrf,dj ys; iqj msKsi wkqYdikd l< fyhskao" i;a:d
foajukqiaidkx jk fial'

04' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia foõ
ñksiqkag mrud3⁄4: w3⁄4:h msKsi ^ks3⁄4jdK wjfndaOh
msKsi& wkqYdikd l< fyhskao" i;a:d foajukqiaidkx
jk fial'

05' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia iir
l;ßka i;a;ajhka tf;r lrkq msksi ks3⁄4jdK fCIau
N=ñhg meñKSu msKsi wkqYdikd l< fyhskao i;a:d
foajukqiaidkx jk fial'

i;a:d foajukqiaidkx .=Kh'

1' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia f,djq;=rd iqjh
msKsi wkqYdikd l< fyhskao fuf,dj w3⁄4:h msKsi
mrf,dj w3⁄4:h msKsi mrud3⁄4:h msKsi ks3⁄4jdKd3⁄4:h msKsi
wkqYdikd l< fyhskao i;a:d foajukqiaidkx jk fial'

2' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia ixidr
ldka;drfhka cd;s" crd" jHdê" urK" fidal" mßfoj"
ÿlaL foddaukiai" Wmdhdi rd." fodai fudayd§ tfldf<dia
.sks ksjQ fyhskao wkqYdikd l< fyhskao i;a:d
foajukqiaidkx jk fial'

3' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia laf,aI
ldka;drfhka ixidr ldka;drfhka tf;r jQ fyhskao

53

wkqYdikd l< fyhskao i;a:d foajukqiaidkx jk fial'

4' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia ksjkg muqKqjk
ixjrfhka isàu' úu;s isoñka" w3⁄4:h mK.kajñka"
w3⁄4:h úksÉPh lrñka m%;sm;a;sh fmkajñka" m%;sm;a;s
rih f.kfoñka" kQmka ksjka u`. Wmojñka" wkqkaf.a
ika;dkfhys ksjka uÕ Wmojñka fndai;=kag ksjka u`.
fmkajñka" újrK foñka" ;uka Wmojd .;a ksjka u`.
olsñka wkqkag WmÈk ksjka uÕ olsñka" fndai;=kag Wmka
ksjka uÕ olsñka Ydia;Dka jykafia ^;uka jykafia&
.uka .;a ksjka u`. wkqj Y%djlfhda ksjkg wkqj hjñka
wkqYdikd l< fyhskao" i;a:d foajukqiaidkx jk fial'

i;a:d foajukqiaidkx .=Kfhys wdksixih'

;:d.; Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia jkdys uq¿ ;=ka f,dalhgu tlu
wkqYdilhka jykafia njg m;a jQfha úsis wixLH l,am ,CIhla
nqÿ mfia nqÿ uyry;a wd§ W;=uka jykafia,df.a wjjdo wkqYdikd
,nd .;a ksid;a th tf<iu ms<smka ksid;a" m%;HCI jYfhka O3⁄4uh
wjfndaO lr.;a ksid;ah' wkqYdilhka jykafia kula njg m;a jQfha
fï Ôú;fhys u. M, ksjka wjfndaO lr .ekSug fya;= iïm;a we;s
whf.a woyig wkql+,j wkqYdikd l< fyhskao" fmr mska we;s ke;s
nj ±k.;a ksidh" ;%s fya;=l m%;sikaêhla ,nd kqjK ÈhqKq l< fkdl<
flfklaoehs ne¨ ksid;a" uÕ M, ksjka ,nkakg l3⁄4u laf,aYhkaf.ka
ndOdjla we;s ke;s nj f;areï .;a ksid;a ta mqoa.,hdf.a pß;hg
wkqj wkqYdikd l< yels ksid;a pß;hg wkqrEmj l3⁄4uia:dk f;dard
.; hq;= ksid;a fufia wka whg wkqYdikd lsÍfï ish¿ wx.hkaf.ka
f,dõ;=rd nqÿrcdKka jykafia fndai;a ld,fha;a wkqYdikd mj;ajd
f,djg fi; ie,iQ ksid;a fuf,dj ÈhqKqj msKsio" mrf,dj ÈhqKqj
msKsio fof,dj ÈhqKqj msKsi ksjka iqjh wjfndaO lr .ekSu msKsio
f,!lsl Ôú;fhys ÈhqKqj msKsio" f,daflda;a;r ÈhqKqj msKsio
wkqYdikd l< fyhskao" i;a:d foajukqiaidkx jk fial fï W;=ï
wkqYdil iïud iïnqÿrcdKka jykafia g uu kuialdr lrñ'
udf.a kuialdrh fõjd'æ

idOqæ idOqææ idOqæææ
nqoaO .+Kh ^ idrdxY w3⁄4:h&

54

1' zziajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykaiZZ æ Tn jykafia wd3⁄4h i;H
wjfndaO fldg wkHhkag wjfndaO lrjQ fyhskao" nqoaO
kï jk fial'

2 zziajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykaiZZ æ Tn jykafia ÿlaL i;Hh
wjfndaO fldg wkHhkag wjfndaO lrjQ fyhskao nqoaO
kï jk fial'

3 zziajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykaiZZ æ Tn jykafia iuqoh i;Hh
wjfndaO fldg m%ydKh l< fial wkHhkag wjfndaO
lrjd m%ydKh lrjq fial tfia fyhskao nqoaO kï jk
fial'

4 zziajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykaiZZ æ Tn jykafia ksfrdaO i;Hh
wjfndaO fldg" m%;HCI fldg wkHhkag wjfndaO lrjQ
fyhskao" nqoaO kï jk fial'

5 zziajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykaiZZ æ Tn jykafia ud3⁄4. i;Hh
wjfndaO fldg wkHhkag wjfndaO lrjQ fyhskao" nqoaO
kï jk fial'

06 zziajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykaiZZ æ Tn jykafia wnqoaê
keiQfyhskao nqoaê wjfndaO fldg wkHhkag wjfndaO l<
fyhskao" nqoaO kï jk fial'

nqoaO .=Kh'

1' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia p;=rd3⁄4h
i;Hh ;ukau wjfndaO lr wkHhkayg wjfndaO lrjQ
fyhska o" nqoaO kï jk fial'

2' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia ÿlaL i;Hh"
kdurEm O3⁄4uh ksrka;rfhkau fmf,k nj fya;=fjka
yg.;a nj tfldf<dia .skafkka ;efjk nj crd urKhg
fmrf<k nj" ms<sis| .;a fyhskao wka whg ms<sis|
55

wjfndaO lrjQ fyhskao" nqoaO kï jk fial'

3' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia iuqoh i;Hh
m%ydkh lr kdu rEm O3⁄4uhka ÿla Wmojk nj l3⁄4u /ia
lrk nj" ÿlg ksOdkh nj ÿflka neo ;nk nj" ksjkg
ndOd lrknj" wjfndaO l< fyhskao wka whgo m%ydKh
lrjd wjfndaO lrjQ fyhskao nqoaO kï jk fial'

4 iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia ksfrdaO i;Hh
m%;HCI lr kdu rEm O3⁄4uhkaf.a kslauqK nj ialkaO
ÿlska wñY% nj fya;= O3⁄4uhkaf.ka yg fkd.;a nj"
urKhla ke;s nj wka whg m%;HCI lrjd wjfndaO l<
fyhskao nqoaO kï jk fial'

5' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia ud3⁄4. i;H

jevQ fyhskao" kdurEm jeäu jYfhka ksjkg kslafuk
nj ksjk wjfndaO lr.ekSug fya;= jk nj' ksjk
wruqKq fldg olsk nj" wkd: Ndjfhka wirK iir ÿla
kslaujd bka biqre nj wjfndaO l< fyhskao wka whg;a
ud3⁄4.h jvd wjfndaO l< fyhskao nqoaO kï jk fial'

6 iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia wdj3⁄4ckd l<

muKska ish,a, o;a fyhskao" wdj3⁄4ckhla ke;s fyhskao"
ish,a, úksúo o;a neúkao" ;uka jykafia úiskau
wjfndaO l< fyhskao" flf<ia kskafoka wjÈ jQ fyhskao"
isjqu. keKska ish¿ flf,ia CIh l< fyhskao" jdikd
iys; flf,ia ke;s fyhskao" nqoaO kï jk fial'

7 iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia ldu rd.h;a"

Nj rd.h;a" keiQ fyhskao" oafõIh keiQ fyhskao" ish¨
fudayh wúoHdj keiq fyhskao" ish¿ flf,iqka keiQ
fyhskao" iajhxN+[dKfhka ish¿ O3⁄4uhka wjfndaO l<
fyhskao" wka whg;a wjfndaO lrjQ fyhskao" nqoaO kï
jk fial'

nqfoOd mo.:d3⁄4:h'

56

nqfoOd;s flkgG nqfoOd

ljr w3⁄4:hlska nqoaO kï fõo @

nqʯ;d ijjdkS;s nqfoOd

p;=iai;Hhka wjfndaO l< fyhska nqoaO kï fõ'

fndfO;d mcdhd;s nqfoOd

p;=iai;Hhka wkH i;a;ajhkag wjfndaO lrjk fyhska nqoaO
kï fõ'

iín[û;dh nqfoOd

ish,a, o;a fyhska nqoaO kï fõ'

inn oiidú;dh nqfoOd

ish,a, olakd fyhska nqoaO kï fõ'

wk[[fkhH;dh nqfoOd

wkHhka úiska wjfndaO lrúh hq;= fkdjk fyhska nqoaO kï
fõ'

úiú;dh nqfoOd

flf,ia kskafoka msì§ .;a fyhska nqoaO kï fõ'

ÇKdij ixLdf;k nqfoOd

ldudoS wdY%jhka CIh l< fyhska nqoaO kï jk fial'

ksrEmf,i ixLdf;k nqfoOd'

Wmlaf,aY úrys; fyhska nqoaO kï jk fial'

tlk; ú;rdf.d;s nqfoOd

tldka;fhka rd.h ÿre l< fyhska nqoaO kï fõ'

talk; ù;fodafid;s nqfoOd

taldka;fhka oafõYh ÿre l< fyhska nqoaO kï fõ'

tlk; ù; fudfyd;s nqfoOd'

taldka;fhka fudayh ÿre l< fyhska nqoaO kï fõ'
57

tlk; ksflaf,fid;s nqfoOd

tldka;fhka kslaflf,is fyhska nqoaO kï fõ'

tlk; u..x .f;d;s nqfoOd

taldhk ud3⁄4.fhys .sfhkqhs nqoaO kï fõ'

tfld wkq;a;rx iuud ifundêx wNsiunqfoOd;s
nqfoOd

tl,dj iïud iïfndaêh wê.ukh l< fyhska nqoaO kï fõ'

wnoq êúy;;;d noq êmá,dNd nfq oOd'

wnqoaêh kid nqoaêh ,enQ fyhska nqoaO kï fõ'

nfq oOd;s fk;x kdu ud;rd l;x k m;s rd l;x k
Nd;rd l;x k N.ks hs d l;x'

nqoaO hk kduh uj úiska fok ,oaola fkdj mshd úiska fok
,oaola fkdj ifydaorhka úiska fok ,oaola ksid fkdj'
ifydaoßhka úisk fok ,oaola fkdfõ'

k ñ;;d ufppys l;x k [;% is df,dyfs ;ys l;x

{d;s ys; ñ;%d§ka fok ,oaola fkdfõ'

k iuK n%dyufkys l;x k foj;dys l;x

Y%uK n%dyauKhka úiska fyda foúhka úiska fok ,oaola
fkdfõ'

úfudCLk;sl fu;x nqoOdkx N.jk;dkx
fndêhduqf, iy iLL[û; [Kii má,dNd
ipðld m[a[k;s hÈox nqfoOd;s'

nqoaO hk kduh i3⁄4j{hka jykafiag w3⁄4y;a ud3⁄4. ixLHd;
úfudaCIhdf.a fl<jr ,nk i3⁄4j{;d {dkh ksid ,efnk
f.!rj kduhls' Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiag fndaê uq,fha§ i3⁄4j{;d
{dkh ,eîu ksñ;s fldg f.k ,efnk m%{ma;shls'

nqoaO .=Kfhys wdksixih'

;:d.; Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia wnqoaêh kid nqoaêh
58

wjfndaO l< fyhskao" wjfndaO l< O3⁄4ufhys i;H Ndjh
b;du;au jeo.;ah' ;uka jykafia i;H wjfndaO lrf.k"
wka whg;a wjfndaO lrjd fuu Nhdkl iißka i;a;ajhka
tf;r lrjqy' uiqre ñksfil= fodr cfk,a jidf.k wkqNj
lrkakdla fuka fkdj ;uka jykafia wjfndaO lr .;a
O3⁄4uh iÕjdf.k isáfha ke;' wjfndaO lr.;a O3⁄4uh
ufyda;aidyfhka fiiq foõ ñksiqkag fnod § O3⁄4uh wjfndaO
lrjd ksjkg muqKqjd Æy' ;uka jykafiaf.a O3⁄4ufhka msysg
,nd .ekSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjk iuyr wh iómhg f.dia
O3⁄4uh wjfndaO lr ÿka fial' uyd lmamsk rc;=ud we;=¿
msßig fhdÿka .Kka ÿr f.jd O3⁄4uh wjfndaO l<y' tu
O3⁄4ufhys ish¿ m%fNao iys;j úia;r iys;j fya;=M,
O3⁄4uhka okakd kqjKska wkqYdikd l< fyhskao" fya;=M,
O3⁄4uh wka whf.a is;a j,g ta;a;= .kajñka O3⁄4uh wka whg
wjfndaO l<y' fuu O3⁄4uhka f,dalhdg wjfndaO lrùu
i|yd ;uka jykafiaf.a wdihdkqih [dKh iy uyd lreKd
iudm;a;s [dKh msysg lrf.k wka i;a;ajhd fj; uy;a jQ
lreKdfjka wka whg O3⁄4uh wjfndaO lf<a wkHhkg O3⁄4uh
wjfndaO lrjd ksjkg muqKqjkakg;a" f,dj my< jQ tlu
W;a;uhka jykafia Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiauh' uu ta Nd.Hj;a
W;a;uhka jykafiag kuialdr lrñ" udf.a kuialdrh
fõjd'æ

f,dj n,d jodrK iïm;a;sh

iQúis fldaá jdr w3⁄4y;a M, iudm;a;sh' rEmdjpr OHdk 5"
wrEmdjpr OHdk 4 w3⁄4y;aM, iudm;a;shhs' 11 ksfrdaO
iudm;a;sh 12 uyd lreKd iudm;a;shhs' fuh w¨hï
ld,fha fodf<dia fldaá iudm;a;sjdrhhs' ijig fodf<dia
fldaá iudm;a;s jdrhhs' ojig iQúis fldaá iudm;a;s jdrhla
iujÈñka f,dj n,d jodrñka ;uka jykafia wjfndaO lr.;a
O3⁄4uh wka i;a;ajhkag wjfndaO fldg i;ajhka oukh fldg
nqoaO" Oïu" ix> r;akh irK hñka f,!lsl iudm;a;sfhkao"
iißka t;r lrjd f,daflda;a;r jYfhkao ksjkg m;a l<
fyhskao nqoaO kï jk fial'

N.jd .=Kh ^ idrdxY w3⁄4:h &

59

1 iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia iir mdró kï jQ
mqKH Nd.Hfhka iukakd.; jk fyhskao N.jd kï jk fial'

2 iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia ftYaphH_
Nd.Hfhka iukakd.; jk fyhska N.jd kï jk fial'

3 iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia O3⁄4u Nd.Hfhka
iukakd.; jk fyhska o" N.jd kï jk fial'

4 iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia hi Nd.Hfhka
o" iukakd.; jk fyhska N.jd kï jk fial'

5 iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia Y%S Nd.Hfhka
iukakd.; jk fyhska o" N.jd kï jk fial'

6 iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia m%h;ak
Nd.Hfhka iukakd.; jk fyhskao" N.jd kï jk fial'

7 iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia ldu Nd.Hfhka
iukakd.; jk fyhskao" N.jd kï jk fial'

N.jd .=Kh

1' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia w;s fY%aIG;u

f.!rjkSh .=K kdufhka hqla; jQ fyhska o" N.jd kï
jk fial'

2' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=kajykaiæ Tnjykafia fndaêiïNdr
O3⁄4uhkaf.a n,fhka" laf,aI" udr ialkaO udr" wNsixialdr
udr" ÈjH mq;% udr" uÉpq udr" m[ap udrhka ìo ±uq
fyhska o" N.jd kï jk fial'

3' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia ftYap3⁄4h"
O3⁄4u" hi" Y%S ldu" m%h;ak hk Nd.H O3⁄4uhkaf.ka
iukakd.; fyhska o" N.jd kï jk fial'

60

4' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia mrud3⁄4:
O3⁄4u jYfhka wdh;k" Od;=" bJøsh O3⁄4u" máÉp
iuqmamdo" wd3⁄4h i;H iQúis m%;H O3⁄4uhka fnod ±la jQ
fyhskao" N.jd kï jk fial'

5' iajdñsks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia W;a;Í;r ukqIH
O3⁄4uhka fnod ±la jQ fyhskao ldh úfõl' Ñ;a; úfõl" Wmê
úfõl" ÈjH úydr" n%yau úydr" wd3⁄4h úydr" iq[[; úfudCL"
wksñ;a; úfudlaL" wmamKsys; úfudlaL" O3⁄4uh wjfndaO l<
fyhska o" N.jd kï jk fial'

6' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia Nj.dó mqk3⁄4Njh
keiq fyhskao N.jd kï jk fial'

7' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia i3⁄4j iïmQ3⁄4Kj mqreÿ
lrk ,o ldh Ndjkd" iS, Ndjkd" Ñ;a; Ndjkd" m%{d Ndjkd
ukdj jevQ fyhskao N.jd kï jk fial'

8 iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia isjq mi m%;H,dNs
fyhska N.jd kï jk fial'

9 iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia f,dflda;a;r M,
iïmhqla; iS,fhka hqla; jQ fyhska o" wê iS," wê Ñ;a;" wê
m%{d" fyhska o p;=F: OHdk,dNS fyhskao fu;a;d' lreKd"
uqÈ;d" WfmaCLd,dNS jk fyhskao i;r wrEm iudm;a;s,dNS jk
fyhskao" N.jd kï jk fial'

10 iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia wdkdmdk i;s OHdk
,dNs lñkao" w3⁄4: ri" Oïu ri" úuqla;s ri ,dNS neúkao" N.jd
kï jk fial'

11' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia wIaG úfudCIhkaf.ka
o" wÜG wNsNdh;k jYfhkao" ish¨u iudm;a;s jYfhkao"
ksfrdaO iudm;a;s ,dNs jk fyhskao" N.jd kï jk fial'

12' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafia oi i[a[d" oiwiqN"
oilisK" oiwkqiai;s" oin,[dk" p;= úidro {dk" p;=

61







Ôú;fha§u ;ud úiska u ;u ika;dkfha§u m%;HCI lr.;
hq;= ikaoDIaál O3⁄4uhls' M,h f.k §ug fumuK hhs
ld,hla ke;s fyhska wld,sl kï fõ' hï flfkla O3⁄4uh
ms<smeo M, úmdl ks3⁄4Nhj lsj yels fyhska taysmiaisl kï
fõ' ;udf.a isf;ys t<Ujd .; yels msysgqjd .; yels O3⁄4uh
fyhskao z´mkhslz fõ' [dKjka;hka úsiska m%;HCI lr .;
hq;= O3⁄4uh fyhska mÉp;a;x fõÈ ;ífnda kï fõ' fï jdf.a
W;=ï .=Kfhka hq;= O3⁄4uhla Ydikfhys nqÿrcdKka jykafia
úiska foaYkd lr i;a;ajhkaf.a is;a j, flf,ia .sks ksjd,sug
iu3⁄4: jk O3⁄4uhla nj wm úiska m%;HCI lr .; hq;=h'
Ouu moh ÿgq l,ays" iEu ;ekl§u tlu w3⁄4:hla fkdf.k
iqÿiq ;ekg .e<fmk fia iqÿiq w3⁄4:h .; yels O3⁄4uhls'

;%smsgl O3⁄4ufhys O3⁄4uh hkq fkdfhla w3⁄4:hka f.k
yer ±lafjk W;=ï oyï mohls' th w3⁄4: ú.%yh wkqj m%Odk
fldgia jYfhka .=K jYfhka 6lg fnod fjka lr we;' ta
w3⁄4:h fldg ieflúka fyda ±kf.k O3⁄4udkql+, Ôú;hla .;
lsÍfuka fuf,dj mrf,dj ÈhqKqj i`oyd;a ksj_dK .dñKS ud3⁄4.h
meyeÈ,s lr .ekSu msKsi;a ish¨ fokdgu WmldÍ fõjdæ'

iajdlLd; .=Kh ^idrdxY w3⁄4:h&

1 iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh ukd f,i foaYkd l< fyhska mßhdma;s O3⁄4uh
iajdlaLd; kï jk fial'

2 iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh Y%jKfhkau hym; f.k fok fyhska o" wd§
l,HdK" uÊf® l,HdK mßfhdaidk l,HdK" jk fyhska
o" ijdlaLd; kï jk fial'

3' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh mßhdma;s" m%;sm;a;s" m%;sfõO hk fyhskao"
ijdlaLd; kï jk fial'

4' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh YS, iudê" m%{d iïm;a;sfhka mßmQ3⁄4K;ajfhka

65

hqla; jk fyhskao" iajdlaLd; kï jk fial'

5 iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh w3⁄4: iïm;a;sfhka yd iqmßY=oaO wd3⁄4h n%yau
p3⁄4hdfjka hqla; jk fyhska o" O3⁄4uh ijdlaLd; kï jk
fial'

6' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh wka;oajh j3⁄4ð; uOHu m%;smodfjka .uka .;a
fyhskao" ijdlaLd; kï jk fial'

7' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh wd3⁄4h ud3⁄4.fhka fidajdka" ilDod.dó" wkd.dñ"
w3⁄4y;a" ud3⁄4.fhka hqla; jk fyhskao" ijdlaLd; kï jk
fial'

8' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh fya;= m%;Hfhka ilia fkdlrk ,o ks3⁄4jdKh ta
iajNdjfhkau jod< fyhskao" ijdlaLd; kï jk fial'

iajdlLd; .=Kh'

1' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S

ioaO3⁄4u r;akh ukdj foaYkd l< fyhska fuu O3⁄4uh
wka;rdhlh fï O3⁄4uh ffkhH_dKslh O3⁄4ufha iajNdjh
fkdblaujk fyhskao f,daflda;a;r ksjkg wkqrEmjk
fyhska o" Y%S ioaO3⁄4u r;akh ijdlaLd; kï jk fial'

2' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh uq," ueo" w. hym;a fyhskao iQ;% ksOdkh"
foaYkdj" ks.ukh wdÈfhkao m%:u wkqikaêfhka w.
wkqikaêfhka ueo fiiq wkqikaê j,skao" fjfkhH
mqoa.,hskag wkqrEm jk fyhskao" fkdfmfkk w3⁄4: we;s
fyhskao" WodyrK iys; jk fyhskao" ckhdg Y%oaOdj
Wmojk fyhskao" O3⁄4uh Y%jKh lsÍfukao"úIalïNkfhkao"
wd§ l<HdKh iu: úmiaikd iem m%;sm;a;sfhka o" ufc®

66

l<HdKh" m%;sm;a;s M,fhka mßfhdidkfhka hqla; jQ
fyhskao Y%S ioaO3⁄4u r;akh ijdlaLd; kï jk fial'

3' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh mßh;a;s jYfhka Wf.kSu" ±Íu" W.ekaùu"
iÊ®dhkd lsÍu' fufkys lsÍu jYfhka mqyqKq l<
hq;=hs' úkh iQ;%" wNsO3⁄4u ;%smsgl O3⁄4uh mßh;a;shhs'
is," iudodk" OQ;x. iudodkh" iu: úmiaikd wd§
i;a;sia fndaê mdCIsl O3⁄4u jYfhka ms<smeÈh hq;= u.
m%;sm;a;s ud3⁄4.hhs' OHdk" iudê" iudm;a;s ;%s úoHd p;=
máiïNsod IÜ wNs[d" ud3⁄4. M, ks3⁄4jdK wê.ukh
m%;sfõo O3⁄4uhhs' tfia fyhska l<hq;= m%;sfõo l<hq;=
fyhskao" Y%S ioaO3⁄4u r;akh ijdlaLd; kï jk fial'

4' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh iS, iïmod jYfhka wLKav úðoaO win,"
wl,a udi" N=msiai" ú[a[mi;a;" wmrduÜG" iudê
ixj;a;ksl wd§fhka msßisÿ jQ fyhskao p;= mdßY=oaê
YS,fhka iukakd.; jk fyhskao" Wmpdr" w3⁄4mKd" wIag
iudm;a;s iy iq;uh {dkfha mgka w3⁄4y;a ud3⁄4. M,
m%{dj olajd iïmQ3⁄4K jQ fyhska o" Y%S ioaO3⁄4u r;akh
ijdlaLd; kï jk fial'

5' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh iS, idudê uQ,O3⁄4u fyhskao" úo3⁄4Ykd ud3⁄4.
fol uOH O3⁄4uh fyhska o" M, O3⁄4u yd ks3⁄4jdKh w.
O3⁄4u jQ fyhskao" O3⁄4uh Y%jKh fldg ms<smkakdjqka
úiska wê.ukh l<hq;= wNsiïfndaêfhkao" m%f;Hl
fndaêfhkao" Y%djl fndaêfhkao" hqla; jQ fyhskao" Y%S
ioaO3⁄4u r;akh ijdlaLd; kï jk fial'

6' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh w3⁄4: iïm;a;s" jHd[ack iïm;a;s" ixlafIamfhka
lSu" m%:ufhka lSu úia;r lsÍu" kej; kej; lSu jv
jvd;a úia;r lsÍu jvd;a úia;r lsÍu Y%jKh lrkakkaf.a
i;=g jeä ùu" wCIr úNla;s" jH[ack mo iuQyhlskao

67

iEfok jdlH w3⁄4: ks3⁄4foaY" w3⁄4: ksrela;s w3⁄4: m%;sfõO
.ïNSr;djfhka id3⁄4:l w3⁄4:h we;=<;a l< hq;= w3⁄4:hla
ke;s fyhskao" ish,a, iïmQ3⁄4Kh bj;a l< hq;= wmsßisÿ
hula ke;s fyhskao" iqmßY=oaOhs' iS, iudê m%{d ;%S
YsCIdj iys; wd3⁄4h ud3⁄4.h ud3⁄4. n%yauphH_djh ueÿï
ms<sfj;ska ud3⁄4. M, wjfndaOh f,daflda;a;r M, ixis§u
we;af;ah' th ukdj jod< fyhskao Y%S ioaO3⁄4u r;akh
ijdlaLd;kï jk fial'

7' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u r;akh
fya;= m%;Hfhka ilia fkdlrk ks3⁄4jdKh iajNdjfhkau jod<
fyhskao Y%S ioaO3⁄4u r;akh ijdlaLd; kï jk fial'

ijdlaLd; .=Kfhys wdksixi'

;:d.; Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia f.a O3⁄4uh jkdyS úYsIag
[dKfhka ±k ukd fia jodrK ,o ;uka jykafia m%;HCI
jYfhkau ±k f.ku foaYkd lr;s' fya;= O3⁄4u we;sju foaYkd
lr;s' fya;= O3⁄4u fkd±k foaYkd fkdlr;s' úreoaO O3⁄4uhka
neyer lsÍfï fÉ;kdfjkau fya;= iys;ju foaYkd lr;s'
flfkl=g fndre fkdl< yels O3⁄4uhls' O3⁄4uh mru i;H
fyhska uq," ueo" w. ;=ka ;eku wvqjla ke;s fyhskao" ilia l<
hq;= fohla ke;s fyhskao" neyer l< hq;= fohla ke;s fyhskao"
wmdh ÿla" iir ÿla ke;s lrk fyhskao" ms<sme§fukau f,!lsl
f,daflda;a;r O3⁄4uhka wjfndaO l< yels fyhskao" iajdlaLd; kï
jk fial' O3⁄4uh flfrys myka jQ is;ska O3⁄4uh weiQ muKskau foõ
ñksia iem ,enQ ;sßika i;=ka jYfhka isg foõ f,dj Wmo uKavql
foaj mq;%hd O3⁄4uhg idOqldr § uy;a wkqiia ta Ôú; ;=<§u ,nd
f.k we;' O3⁄4uh ms<sme§fuka fudk ;rï wdksixihla ,efnhso
th ms<sme§fuka ksjka iqjh wjfndaO lr .ekSu i`oyd Wmldr
jk O3⁄4ufhys uq, ueo w. hk ijdlaLd; .=Khg uu kuialdr
lrñ' udf.a kuialdrh fõjd'æ

idOqæ idOqææ idOqæææ

iJÈgÀl .=Kh ^idrdxY w3⁄4:h&

68

1' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh ;uka úiskau fï Ôú;fha§u iajW;aidyfhkau
m%;HCI l<hq;= O3⁄4uhla fyhska iJÈgÀl kï jk fial'

2' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh ;u ;ukaf.a ijlSh ika;dkfhys rd.dê
laf,aYhka m%ydKh lsÍu jYfhka wd3⁄4h ud3⁄4.h ±l .;
hq;= fyhskao" iJÈÜÀl kï jk fial'

3' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh hï flfkl=ka úiska wjfndaO lrk ,oafoa kï wkqka
weoySfuka f;drj ;u ;ukaf.a m%;HfjCId {dkfhka
±k .; yels fyhskao" iJÈáÀl kï jk fial'

4' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh hï flfkl= úiska wjfndaO lrk ,oafoa kï
;ukagu ud3⁄4. iïm%hqla; jQ ikaoDIaÀfhka flf,iqkaf.ka
ch ,nkafka kqhs iJÈáÀl kï jk fial'

5 iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh hï flfkl=ka úiska m%;HCI lf<a kï ukdj ±lSu
jYfhka f,daflda;a;r wd3⁄4h ud3⁄4. O3⁄4uh NdjkdNsiuh
jYfhka ±lSfuka iJÈÜÀl kï jk fial'

6' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh ;u ;ukaf.a iajlSh ika;dkh ;=< ÈhqKq lr
.ekSu jYfhka ^iõðlsßhdNs iuh & jYfhka isf;ys
my< lr .ekSu jYfhka m%;HCI lr .ekSu jYfhka
iJÈáÀl kï jk fial'

iJÈáÀl .=Kh'

1' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh fuf,dj Ôú;fha§ u iajlSh ika:dkfhys
flf,iqka ke;s lrk fyhska ;ud úiskau ±lsh hq;=
O3⁄4uhla jk fyhskao" iJÈáÀl kï fõ'

69

2 iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh flf,iqka ke;s lrk ksid ÿla fodïkia jO
fõokdjka msKsi fkdmj;skafkah' tfia fyhskao"
ikaÈáÀl kï jk fial'

3' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh kj f,dõ;=re f,daflda;a;r O3⁄4uh hï flfkl=f.a
iajlSh ika:dkfhys wê.; jQfha kï ;ukagu m%;HfõCId
{dkfhka ;ud úiskau o; yels ksid iJÈáÀl kï jk
fial'

4 iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh iJÈáÀh" iJÈáfhkau Èkkafka kï" hk fyhska
iJÈáÀl kï jk fial'

5' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh iir Nh kj;ajkafkakqhs iißka tf;r
jkafkakqhs" iißka Èkkafkakqhs" O3⁄4uh m%;HCI lrkafka
kqhs iJÈÜÀl kï jk fial'

idkaøDIaál .=Kfhys wdksixi'

;:d.; Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiaf.a" O3⁄4uh jkdys
NdjkdNsiuh jYfhka O3⁄4uh ;u is;skau ±l .ekSfukao"
iÉðlsßhdNsiuh jYfhka ;u isf;ys my< lr .ekSfukao"
wik" ork' isyslrk iEu flfkl=gu fYdal Nh wdÈh ÿre
ù wdhqrdfrda.H iem iïm;a ,eìfï fuu W;=ï Yla;sh msß;a
foaYkdfjys úfYaIfhkau fuf,dj §u ,efnk wdksixihhs'
r;k iQ;%h foaYkd lrk fjf,au ;=ka ìh ÿre ùu" ffu;%S
iq;%fhka NsCIQkag wukqIH Nh ÿre ùu" Oc.a. iQ;%fhka
urK Nh ÿre ùu buy;a fYdalfhka Wu;= jQ mgdpdrdj oyï
weiSfuka iqjm;a ùu' ilafoõ rcqf.a wdhqIh f.ùfuka we;s
jQ Nh nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.ka O3⁄4uh wid kej; wdhqIh
§3⁄4> ùu' odk iS," Ndjkd m%;sm;a;sfhka fndfyda ckhdg
m%shùu" fuf,dju ,efnk ixoDIaál úmdlhhs' m%;sm;a;s ldñ
mqoa.,hd i;a mqreIhkau weiqre lrhs' ta fuf,dj ,efnk

70

wdksixihhs' ;jo lS3⁄4;shla ,nhs' ks3⁄4Ns;ju f;acdkaú;j
fidïkiska lgh;= lrhs' fujeks wdksixi fuf,dj§u
,efnk iJoDIaál úmdlhs' fuu W;=ï .=Khg uu kuialdr
lrñ' udf.a kuialdrh fõjd'

idOqæ idOqææ idOqæææ

wld,sl .=Kh ^idrdxY w3⁄4:h'&

1' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh ;u ;uka ms<smkakd jQ O3⁄4uhg wkqj ;ukag
,efnk M, úmdlh f.k Èug ld,hla ke;af;akqhs
wld,sl kï jk fial'

2' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh ;u ;uka ms<smÈkakd jQ O3⁄4uhg úmdlh f.k
§ug ld, mßÉfþohla ke;af;ah' i;s udi wjqreÿ
l,amd§ jYfhka ld,hla ke;' ;ukaf.a ika;dkfhys
W;amdo" À;s" Nx. jYfhka CIK;%hg wk;=reju M,
f.k fok fyhskao" wld,sl kï jk fial'

3' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh fidajdka ilDod.dñ" wkd.dó" w3⁄4y;a ud3⁄4.
Ñ;a;hdf.a Nx.CIKhg wk;=reju M, úmdl f.k
fok fyhskao" fidajdka" ilDod.dó" wkd.dó w3⁄4y;a M,
Ñ;a;hka my< jk fyhskao wld,sl kï jk fial'

4' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh wksñ;a; wmmKsys;" iq[a[;" hk O3⁄4uhkag
wk;=reju M, úmdl f.k fok fyhskao" ksjk wjfndaO
lr fok fyhskao" wld,sl kï jk fial'

5' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh i;a;sia fndaêmdCIsl O3⁄4uhka ksñ;s fldg
wk;=reju M, úmdlhka f.k fok fyhskao" wld,sl kï
jk fial'

71

6 iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh ialkaO wdh;k Od;= O3⁄4uhg wk;=reju M,
úmdl ,efnk fyhskao wld,sl kï jk fial'

7' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh f,daflda;a;r Miai" fõokd" i[a[d" fÉ;kd
Ñ;a;hkag wk;=reju M, úmdl ,efnk fyhskao"
wld,sl kï jk fial'

wld,sl .=Kh

1' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh wld,sl M, úmdl f.ka fokafkah' W;amdo" À;s"
Nx." CIK;%hg wk;=rej M, úmdl ,efnk fyhska o"
wld,sl kï jk fial'

2' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u r;akh"
fidajdka" ilDod.dó" wkd.dó" w3⁄4y;a ud3⁄4.hkg wk;=reju
M, Ñ;a;h my< jk fyhskao wld,sl kï jk fial'

3' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh iq[a[;" wksñ;a;" wmamKsys;" jYfhka ksjka
wruqfKys M, úmdl wld,sl jk fyhskao" Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh wld,sl kï jk fial'

4' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh foaYkd ú,di jYfhka" ud3⁄4.dx. yd M, wg
jYfhka" ud3⁄4. Ñ;a;hka jYfhka" tald.%;djh jYfhkao"
Y%S ioaO3⁄4u r;akh wld,sl kï jk fial'

5' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh ud3⁄4. Ñ;a;fha§" i;smÜGdkh" i;r iuHla
ù3⁄4hh" i;r iDêmdo" m[ap bJøsh" m[ap n," ima;
fndÊ®x. ud3⁄4. is;g ,efnk fyhskao" ioaO3⁄4u r;akh
wld,sl kï jk fial' 72

6' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh i;r ud3⁄4. i;Hhg i;Hhehso" ud3⁄4.dx. wgu
iu: hehso" i;r ud3⁄4.h i;r wmdfhka f.dv .kakd
fyhskao" rdYS w3⁄4:fhka i;r ud3⁄4.hgu ialkaO hkqfjka
o" i;r ud3⁄4.hg wdh;k hhso i;rud3⁄4.hg Od;= hehso"
i;r ud3⁄4.hg u wdydr jYfhka o" i;r ud3⁄4.hg Miai
hehso" i;r ud3⁄4.hg u fidukiai WfmCId hehso"
i;r ud3⁄4.hgu i[a[j kñkao fÉ;kdj ud3⁄4. Ñ;a;h
ksñ;s fldg i;r ud3⁄4.hg wk;=rej M, úmdl ,efnk
fyhskao" Y%S ioaO3⁄4u r;akh wld,sl kï jk fial'

wld,sl .=Kfhys wdksixi'

;:d.; Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia f.a O3⁄4uh wld,sl
fyhska ta fj,dfõ§u laIK;%hg wk;=reju iukka;r
^w;rla kEru& M, úmdl ,efnkafkah' m%ldYs; O3⁄4ufhys
wld,sl .=K we;af;ah' f,daflda;a;r ud3⁄4.M, Ñ;a;hkaf.a
úfYaI jYfhka we;af;ah' fidajdka ud3⁄4. M, wd§ jYfhka
fmfkhs' fidajdka ud3⁄4. Ñ;a;h iu`.u ilaLdhÈÜÀ" úÑlsÉPd
is,ín; mrdudi" hk ixfhdack O3⁄4ufhda ta wjia:dfõ§u
iy uq,ska ÿre fj;s' i;r wmdfha bme§ug isÿfjk
ish¿u mdm l3⁄4u ÿre fjkafkah' f,daN iy.; ÈÜÀ.;
iïm%hq;a; is;a 4 ÿrefjhs' úmamhq;a; is;a y;frys wmdh.dó
Ndjh ke;sfjhs' ilDod.dó ud3⁄4.fhka ldurd." má> is;a
foflys ´,dßl iajNdjh ke;s lrhs' ldu f,dalhg tla jrla
meñfKhs wkd.dó ud3⁄4.fhka iïmQ3⁄4Kfhka ldu f,dalfhka
fjka fõ' iqoaOdjdi f,dalfhys bm§ 5 ^mia& wdldrhlska
ksjka wjfndaO lrhs' w3⁄4y;ajfhka rEmrd." wrEmrd." udk"
WoOÉP wõÊcd iïmq3⁄4Kfhka wld,sl úmdlhka ÿre lrhs'
ilDod.dó" wkd.dó" w3⁄4y;a ud3⁄4.hkag wk;=reju M, úmdlh
,efnkafkah' f,!lsl Ôú;fha§ tu wld,sl úmdl tla;rd
m%udKhlska ,efnkafka iiqfkys uyK ùu tla;rd l%uhl
wld,sl úmdlhls' hï mdm l%shdjlska mdm jpkhlska mdm
is;sú,a,lska fjka ùu tla;rd wld,sl úmdlhls' f,!lsl
Ôú;h tla;rd m%udKhlska ,enqj;a f,daflda;a;r úmdlh
wld,sl jYfhkau ,efnkafk7ah3' fuu O3⁄4ufhys wld,sl

.=Khg uu kuialdr lrñ' udf.a kuialdrh fõjd'

idOqæ idOqææ idOqæææ

tysmiaisl .+Kh ^ idrdxY w3⁄4:h &

1' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
74

r;akh úOdkhg iqÿiq w3⁄4:h we;af;ahehs fyhska
tysmiaisl kï jk fial'

2' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh f,dj úoHdudk fyhskao b;d msßisÿ w3⁄4: we;s
fyhskao tysmiaisl kï jk fial'

3' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a
Y%S ioaO3⁄4u r;akh j,dmg,hlska ñÿKq mqkai`o u`v, fuka
f,dj úoHdudk jk fyhskao" tysmiaisl kï jk fial'

4' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh cd;s rx. udKslH r;akhla fuka b;du;au msßisÿ
jk fyhskao" tj n,jhs mejiQ fyhskao" tysmiisl kï
jk fial'

5' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh iS," iudê" m%{d" úuqla;s" úuqla;s [dK o3⁄4Yk
iïm;a;sfhka hqla; jk fyhskao" tysmiaisl kï jk
fial'

6' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh is," Ñ;a; ÈÜÀ" l`Oldú;rK" u.a.d u.a."
mámod {dk oiaik" {dk oiaik" wd§ i;a; úY=oaê
O3⁄4uhkaf.ka hqlal jk fyhskao" tysmiaisl kï jk
fial'

7 iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a i;r iuHla
m%Odk i;r i;smÜGdk" i;r iDoaêmdo" m[ap bJøsh"
m[ap n," ima; fndÊ®x." wd3⁄4h wIaGdx.sl ud3⁄4.h
hk wdÈfhka hqla; jk fyhskao tysmiaisl kï jk
fial'

taysmiaisl .=Kh

75

1' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh úOdkhg iÿiq jQ fyhskao tysmiaisl kï jk
fial'

2' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S
ioaO3⁄4u r;akh is, iïmodfjka" iudê iïmodfjka"
m%{d iïmodfjka" úuqla;s iïmodfjka" úuqla;s ×k
iïmodfjka hqla; jk fyhskao tysmiaisl kï jk fial'

3' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u

r;akh iS, úY=oaê" Ñ;a; úY=oaO" ÈáÀ úY=oaê" l`vld
ú;rK úY=oaê" u.a.d u.a. [dK oiaik úY=oaê"
mámod [dK oiaik úY=oaê" [dK oiaik úY+oaê wd§
i;a; úY=oaêfhka hqla; jQ fyhska o" tysmiiaisl kï jk
fial'

4' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh i;r i;smÜGdk" i;riDoaêmdo" i;r iuHla
m%Odk m[ap bJøsh" m[ap n," ima; fndÊ®x." wd3⁄4h
wIaGdx.sl ud3⁄4.h hk O3⁄4uhkaf.ka hqla; jQ fyhska o"
tysmiaisl kï jk fial'

5' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh ud3⁄4. M, O3⁄4uhkaf.ka hqla; jQ fyhskao"
urKhla ke;s ;DIaKdj blau jQ ks3⁄4jdK Od;=j tysmiaisl
kï jk fial'

tysmiaisl .=Kfhys wdksixih'

;:d.; Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiaf.a O3⁄4uhs jkdys fuys
tj n,j hhs lsh hq;af;a úOdkh l< hq;af;a úoHudk foauh
msßisÿ wyfia mif<diajl od pkaøhd úoHdudkh' r;= m,i
u; ;snQ udKslH úoHudkh tfia f,dõ;=rd O3⁄4uh úoHudkh'
tfia fyhska tysmiaisl .=Kfhys jákdlu m%;sm;a;s
mqrkakdg lsj yelsh' m<uq fldgu fidajdka wd§ ud3⁄4. M,
,enQ whg ta O3⁄4ufhka Wmojd.;a ksid" m%;HCI lr .;a ksid
t;=uka jykafia,dg O3⁄4uh flrys ielhla ke;sj iiqfkys

76

ms<sfj;a mqrkak lshd ta O3⁄4uh ,nd .kak lshd" ks3⁄4Nhju lsj
yelsh' hï lsis O3⁄4uhla weisfuka" ±lsfuka" th lsßfuka
m%fhdackhlafõ kï th lsÍug iqÿiqh' O3⁄4uh wkqj Ôj;a jk
whg" ud3⁄4. M, ,enQ whg" ,efnk iemh krla fkdjk" lsis
ldf,l ke;s fkdjk iemhls' tu ksid rcflfkl=g jQjo" rc
iemh w;ayer O3⁄4uh weiSu" O3⁄4uh ±lSu" O3⁄4uh ms<sme§u
iqÿiqh" tu ksid uy rcjre rc iem; w;ayer idikfhys
meúÈj iir ÿla flá lr ksjka wjfndaO lr .;ay' wkH
;S3⁄4:lhka mjd meñsK O3⁄4uh ±l idikfhys mejÈj iir
flá lr .;ay' ld, kï isgq mq;%hd fuka O3⁄4uh ±lsh yelsh'
ms<sfj;a mqrk idikfhys ´kEu flfkl=g ielhla ke;sj fuu
O3⁄4uh n,kak hehs lsj hq;= .=Kfhka hqla; ksid tysmiaisl
kï fõ' fuu O3⁄4ufhys úoHudk jQ tysmiaisl W;=ï .=Khg
uu kuialdr lrñ' udf.a kuialdrh fõjdæ

idOqæ idOqææ idOqæææ

´mkhsl .=Kh ^idrdxY w3⁄4:h&

77







1 iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh kqjK we;a;ka úiska ;u ;uka flfrys o; hq;=
fyhskao" ^ m%;HCI l< hq;= fyhskao & ;u ;ukaf.a keK
muKska wjfndaO l< hq;= fyhskao" mÉp;a;x fõÈ;ífnda
ú[aCÿys kï jk fial'

2' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh ;ud úiskau ù3⁄4h jvjk ,oafoa kï" M,h
wê.ukh lrk ,oafoa kï ks3⁄4jdKh idCId;a lrk ,oafoa
kï" th ;uka úiskau keK muKskau wjfndaO l< hq;=
fyhskao" mÉp;a;x fõÈ;ífnd ú[aCÿys kï jk fial'

3' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh úo3⁄4Yk iïm%hqla; ish¿ u O3⁄4uhka ;u ;ukaf.a
keK muKska wjfndaO l< hq;= fyhskao mÉp;a;x
fõÈ;ífnd ú[afCÿys kï jk fial'

4' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S
ioaO3⁄4u r;akh ud3⁄4. M, O3⁄4uhka ;u ;ukaf.a keK
muKska wjfndaO l< hq;= fyhska o" mÉp;a;x fõÈ;ífnd
ú[aCÿys kï jk fial'

mÉp;a;x fõÈ;ífnd ú[Cÿys .=Kh'

1' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh kqjK we;a;ka úiska ;u ;ukaf.a m%;HCI
wjfndaOfhkau ,nd .; hq;= fyhskao" ud úiskau ud3⁄4.h
jvk ,oafoah" ud úiska u M, O3⁄4uh wê.ukh lrk
,oafoah' fuh kqjK we;a;kag wjfndaO O3⁄4uhla jq
fyhskao" Y%S ioaO3⁄4ur;akh mÉp;a;x fõÈ;ífnd kï jk
fial'

2' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh iS," iïmod" iudê iïmod" m%{d iïmod" úuqla;s
iïmod" úuqla;s {dk iïmodfjka hqla; jQ fyhskao"
mÉp;a;x fõÈ;ífnd kï 8j1kfial'

3 iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh is, úiqoaêh" Ñ;a; úiqoaêh" ÈÜÀ úiqoaêh"
l`vldú;rK úiqoaêh" u.a.d u.a. [dK oiaik
úiqoaêh" mámod [K oiaikúiqoaêh" [dK oiaik
úiqoaêh jQ fyhskao" mÉp;a;x fõÈ;ífnd kï jk fial'

4' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%S ioaO3⁄4u
r;akh w;s;" wkd.;" j3⁄4;udk ld,;%hg wh;a
kdu rEm úo3⁄4Ykd lsßu" kdu rEm O3⁄4uh Wohjeh
ne,Su" kdu rEm O3⁄4uhkaf.a ì§fï úo3⁄4Ykdj ialkaO"
O3⁄4uhkaf.a Nh jYfhka úo3⁄4Ykd lsÍu' kdu rEm
O3⁄4uhkaf.a wd§kj"úmiaikd lsÍu" kdu rEm O3⁄4uhkaf.a
l<lsÍfï úo3⁄4Ykdj" kdurEm O3⁄4uhkaf.a ñ§fï n,j;a
leue;a;" kdu rEm O3⁄4uhkaf.a ixidr jÜg ÿlaLfhka
ñ§u' ish¿ ixLdr O3⁄4uhkaf.a uOHia: Ndjh' ud3⁄4.
Ñ;a; úÓfhys wjika úo3⁄4Ykh' kdu rEm O3⁄4uhkaf.ka
mD:.ack f.d;%h blaujd wd3⁄4h f.d;%hg mshjr ;nkakd
jq m%:u ud3⁄4. Ñ;a;hg m%:ufhka ks3⁄4jdKh ,nkakd jQ
úo3⁄4Ykd Ñ;a; úÓfha wka;su úo3⁄4Ykd m%{dj ,nd ud3⁄4.
M, Ñ;a;h ;=<ska ks3⁄4jdKh wruqKq lrñka ks3⁄4jdK
Od;=j ±lSu jQ fyhskao" Y%S ioaO3⁄4u r;akh mÉp;a;x
fõÈ;ífnd ú[aCÿyS kï jk fial'

mÉp;a;x fõÈ;ífnd .=Kfhys wdksixi'

;:d.; Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiaf.a O3⁄4uh jkdys
WmdOHdhka jykafia wjfndaO lr .;a O3⁄4uh wd3⁄4h ud3⁄4.hg
wkqj jevQ l,ays ioaêúydßlhdg ^YsIHhdg& flf,ia m%ydKh
fkdjkafkah' uõmshka wjfndaO fldg .;a O3⁄4uh orejkag
fkdjkafkah' wkqka me<È wdNrKhla .; fkdyelsh kqjK
we;s wh úiska ;ukaf.au m%;HCI wjfndaOfhka ,nd .; hq;=
f,daflda;a;r .=Kh O3⁄4uOrhka úiska fjka fjka jYfhka
iajlSh ika:dk j, m%;HCI lr .; hq;= O3⁄4uhla" ri ú`Èh
hq;= O3⁄4uhla" OHdk O3⁄4uhla" f,daflda;a;r O3⁄4uhla fõ'
wkaO mqoa.,hkag fkdj mqKH Nd.Hjka;hkag fya;= iïm;a
we;a;kag fhda.H jQ W;a;Í;r ñksia oyfuka m%;HCI fjk

82

O3⁄4uhls' ;%Sfya;=l cd;s m%{dj we;s" Ndú; m%{dj we;s"
úo3⁄4Ykd m%{dj we;s whg O3⁄4uh m%;HCI lr .; yelsh'
fuu kqjK iif3⁄4§ ,nd .ksñka O3⁄4uh m%;HCI lr .ksñka
f,daflda;a;r ksjka wjfndaOh kqjK we;s ish,a,kagu m%;HCI
jk W;=ï O3⁄4uhls' fuu W;=ï m%;HCI l< hq;= mÉp;a;
fõÈ;ín O3⁄4uhg uu kuialdr lrñ' udf.a kuialdrh
fõjdæ'

idOqæ idOqææ idOqæææ

uyd ix>r;akfha .=Kh

i`..=K iy i`..=K Ndjkdj

83

tl Ouu ysCLfj Ndúf;d nyq,s lf;d tlk;
úrd.dh" ksfrdaOdh Wmiudh" wNs[a[dh ifundOdh
ksnÅodh ixj;;;s l;fud tlOfuud ix>dkqii;s whx
fLd ysCLfj tl Ofuud Ndúf;d nyq,slf;d tlk;
ksnìÞh tlk; úrd.dh ksfrdOdh Wmiudh wNs[[dh
ifundOdh ksnndkdh ixj;;;s'

uyfKks tlu O3⁄4uhla Ndjkdjla jYfhka jvk
,oafoa fndfyda fldg jvk ,oafoa l< lsÍu msKsi ksùu msKsi"
ixis§u msKsi" yd;amiska ±lsu msKsi" ksjka wjfndaOh
msKsi mj;So" kqjK msKsi mj;So" ljrkï tlu O3⁄4uhlao"
ix>dkqiai;shhs' fiiq O3⁄4u wjfndaOh msKsio mj;s'

ix> hk kdufhka y`ÿkajkafka iuQyh hk w3⁄4:hhs'
hï flfkl=f.a Y%djlfhda hkakh' f,dalfha fndfyda
Y%djlfhda isáhy' f,dalfha fndfyda kdhlhkaf.a Y%djlfhda
isáh;a wmf.a Ydik n,h wkqj wm i<lkafka Nd.Hj;=ka
jykafiaf.a Y%djl msßihs' wmf.a ix> mdGfha f;areu wkqj

ZzN.jf;da idjl ixf>dZZ hkq Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiaf.a

Y%djl iuQyhdghs' Y%djlfhda hkq wik ;eke;a;dhs' wmg
;sfnkafka Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiaf.a O3⁄4uh wik ;eke;af;dahs'
;:d.;hka jykafia O3⁄4uh wid th f.!rjfhka ms<sf.k
tys ms<sfj;a mqrk" ms<sm`Èk" ms<s.ekSug W;aidy ork i;a
mqreIfhda ;:d.;hka jykafiaf.a Y%jlfhda fj;s' weish
hq;= O3⁄4uhka w;r w3⁄4:fhka mhH_ma;s O3⁄4uhhs' ta mhH_ma;s
O3⁄4uhg wkqj ms<sfj;a mqrkafka kï Y%djlhd hkqfjks'
nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a O3⁄4uh wid ms<sfj;a mqrk f.!rjfhka
ms<sf.k W;aidy lrk Y%djlhka w;r ukqIH" foaj" n%yau
jYfhka fldgia ;=klg fnfoa' .sys meúÈ jYfhka o" wd3⁄4h"
mD:.ack jYfhkao" Wmiïmkak" wkqmiïmkak jYfhka
o fldgia j,g fnfoa' fï fkdfhla wdldr Y%djl msßila
isáh;a" uydix>r;akh hkqfjka i<lk Y%djl msßi b;du;a
fY%aIaGhs'" W;a;uhs hkq ms<s.ekSuhs' uyd ix>r;akfha
.=Kh uy;ah' uyd ix>r;akfha m%udKh .Kkska iSud l<
fkdyelsh' .=Kfhka m%udKh l< fkdyelsh' Ydikfha Ñr

84

meje;au uyd ix> r;akh i;=j mj;S' hq., jYfhka i;rla

yd mqoa., jYfhka wgla fõ' ud3⁄4.ia: y;rfokhs' M,ia:

y;r fokhs hkqfjks' wê iS," wêÑ;a;" wêm%{d" YsCId

f.!rjh rlskqfha uyd ix> r;akhhs' t;=uka jykafia,df.a

m%;smodj b;du;au ruKShhs' iuHla m%;smodfjka hqla;hs'

Ydik O3⁄4uh ukdj ms<smka fyhskao" wd3⁄4h ud3⁄4. m%;smodjg

ms<smka fyhskao" f.!rj l< hq;= ud3⁄4.hg ms<smka fyhskao"

b;d ÿr isg jqjo f.k jq;a §ug iqÿiq .=Kfhka hqla; jQ

fyhskao" wd.ka;=l i;aldrhkag ms<sfh, l< fohla jQj;a'

Èug iqÿiq fyhskao" mrf,dj iem m;d fok fohla §ug iqÿiq

jQ fyhskao" we`È,s neo kuialdr lsÍug iqÿiq .=Kfhka hqla;

jQ fyhskao" f,dalhdf.a ys; iqj msKsi lghq;= lrk fyhskao

uyd ix> r;akh b;d jákd .=Kdx. kjhlska hqla; jk

fyhskao" .=Kh wkka;hs" wm%udKhs" nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a

Y%djl nqoaO mq;%hka jykafia,d jev isàu wmg Ydikhg f,dl=

msysgls" Wmldrhls" tfukau wmf.a f,!lsl Ôú;h iemj;a

lr .ekSug;a" f,dflda;a;r Ôú;hg m;a ùug;a uy;a

Wmldrhls' ;uka jykafia,df.a W;=ï .=Kh isysm;a lsÍu

wkqiai;s Ndjkdjls' Wmpdr iudêhla ,eìh yels W;=ï

.=Khls' nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a W;=ï Y%djl Ndjhg m;a jQjd

jQ ießhq;a uq.,ka mrïmrdfjka mej;f.k tk wúÉýkakj

Ydik m%;smodj bÈßhg f.k hkq ,nkafka mßhma;s" m%;sm;a;s"

m%;sfõoh okakdjQ nqoaO mq;%hka jykafia,dh' tjeks W;=uka

jykafia,df.a l,HdK ñ;% weiqr ksid Ôú;hla hym;g

kxjd .ekSug b;d uy`.= Wmldrhla fõ' Ydiksl W;=ï mdrñ

O3⁄4uhka imqrd,Sug wdñi m%;sm;a;s" iu: úmiaikd wd§" W;=ï

.=K O3⁄4uhkaf.ka iajlsh ika:dkh fmdaIKh lr .ekSug

Wmldß fõ' ksjka u. iq.;s u. mdod fok l,HdK ñ;%hkaf.a

weiqr wm ieu fokdgu ksjk olajdu WmldÍ fõjdæ fujeks

W;=ï ix> r;akfha .=Kh wm ieu fokdf.a is;g oyï

iekis,a,la fõjdæ fof,dj chf.k" me;+ fndaê {dkhka imqrd

.ekSug;a iqjfiau mdró mqrd w;s W;=ï ksjka iqjh wjfndaO

lr .ekSug;a Wmldß fõjdæ ish,af,dau i`. .=K jv;ajd'æ

ksjkska iekfi;ajdæ'
;iud Nfõ wmmudox - lhsrd: iqfuOfid
tjx uydkqNdjdh - ix>dkqii;shd iod

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—i`. .=K Ndjkdj hï fyhlska uydkqNdj iïmkak fõo"

tfia fyhska is,aj;a keKjka;hd wm%udoj i`. .=K Ndjkdj
jvkafkah˜

iqmámkak .=Kh' ^idrdxY w3⁄4:h&

1' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%djl uyd
ix> r;akh ukdfldg ms<smka fyhska o" iqmámkak kï
jk fial'

2' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%djl uyd

ix> r;akh w3⁄4h ud3⁄4. ixLHd; iuHla ud3⁄4.hg ms<smka
fyhskao" iqmámkak kï jk fial'

3' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%djl uyd
ix> r;akh wd3⁄4h ud3⁄4.fhka keiq flf,ia kej; kqmokd
fyhska o" iqmámkak kï jkfial'

4' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%djl
uyd ix> r;akh wkqms<sfj<ska ksjka ud3⁄4.hg ms<smka
fyhskao" iqmámkak kï jk fial'

5' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%djl
uyd ix> r;akh wúreoaO m%;smodjg ms<smka fyhskao"
iqmámkak kï jk fial'

6' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%djl uyd
ix> r;akh O3⁄4udkqO3⁄4u m%;sm;a;shg ms<smka fyhskao"
iqmámkak kï jk fial'

7' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%djl uyd
ix> r;akh i;a; úiqoaêhg ms<smka fyhskao" iqmámkak
kï jkfial'

8' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%djl

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uyd ix> r;akh i;a;sia fndaê mdCIsl O3⁄4uhkag ms<smka
fyhska o" iqmámkak kï jk fial'

9 iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%djl
uyd ix> r;akh ud3⁄4. M, O3⁄4uhkag ms<smka fyhska o"
iqmámkak kï jk fial'

10' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%djl
uyd ix> r;akh ud3⁄4. M, O3⁄4uhkag ms<smka fyhskao
iqmámkak kï jk fial'

iqmámkak .=Kh'

1' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%djl uyd ix>
r;akh úmiaikd mdol wLKav" wúðoao" win," wl,audi"
N=ðiai" ú[aûmamiF: wmrduÜG" iudê ixj;a;ksl" hk
.=Khkaf.ka iukakd.; fyhskao iqmámkak kï jk fial'

2' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%djl uyd
ix> r;akh ldh" fõokd" Ñ;a;" Oïu" i;smÜGdkfhkao
i;r iuHla m%Odk ù3⁄4hfhkao" Pkao ù3⁄4hh Ñ;a; úuxid
hk i;r iDoaêmdo O3⁄4uhkaf.kao" ioaOd" ù3⁄4h" i;s" iudê"
m%{d hk bJøsh O3⁄4uhkaf.kao tfiau n, O3⁄4uhkaf.kao
i;s" OïuúÊh" ùßh" m%s;s" miaioaê" iudê WfmCId hk
fndÊ®x.hkaf.kao" iïud ÈÜÀ" iïud ixlmam" iïud
lïuka;" iïud wdÔj" iïudjdhdu" iïud i;s" iïud iudê
.=Kfhka iukakd.; jk fyhska iqmmámkak kï jk fial'

3' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%djl uyd
ix> r;akh iS, úiqoaêh" Ñ;a; úiqoaêh" ÈÜÀ úiqoaêh"
l`vldú;rK úiqoaêh u.a.du.a.[dK" oiaiK úiqoaêh"
mámod [dK oiaik úiqoaêh" [dK oiaik úiqoaêhg
ms<smka fyhskao iqmámkak kï jk fial'

4' iajdñks Nd.Hj;=ka jykai æ Tn jykafiaf.a Y%djl uyd
ix> r;akh m<uq ud3⁄4. M,fhka ilaldh ÈÜÀ" úÑlsÉpd"
iS,ín; mrdudi" ixfhdack ;=k" ÈÜÀ" úÑlsÉPd' wkqih
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folo" fofjks ud3⁄4. M,fhka f,daN" oafõI ixfhdack
fol" f,daN oafõI wkqih fol ;=kS lrk fyhskao";=kafjks
ud3⁄4.M,fhka ixfhdack fol iy wkqih fol isfok
fyhskao" i;rfjks ud3⁄4. M,fhka ixfhdack my wkqih
;=k rEmrd." wrEmrd." udk" WoaoÉp" wúoHd" wúoHd udk
WoaoÉp wkqih is|jQ m%;smodjg ms<smka fyhskao" iqmámkak
kï jk fial'

iqmámkak .=Kfhys wdksixih'

;:d.; Nd.Hj;=kajykafia Y%djl uyd ix>r;akh
iïud mámodj" wksj;a; mámodj" wkqf,dau mámodj"
wúreoaO mámodj" Oïudkq Oïu mámodjg" ms<smka fyhskao
iqmámkak kï jk fial' OHdk wNs{d wÜGiudm;a;s ud3⁄4. M,
O3⁄4uhka wjfndaO lr.;a uy ry;a Ndjhg meñKs ieufokd
<Õu ks;H jYfhka fï ukd meje;au iuHla ud3⁄4.h mj;S'
bÈß wkd.;fha§ tu wjia:djka ,nkakg iQodkñka ms<sfj;a
mqrk ieufokd ;=<u fuu meje;au ukdj ms<smeÈh hq;=h'
;sìh hq;=h we;eï Y%djlfhda idikfhys ,dN" lS3⁄4;s" m%Yxid
n,dfmdfrd;a;= fkdù wdrKH" msKavmd;" OQ;x." OHdk ud3⁄4.
M, n,fmdfrd;a;=fjka iu: úmiaikd Ndjkd jvk msßil=;a
isá;s' fï Ôú;fha§ th ,eìh yelsh hk ye`.Sfuka ms<sfj;a
mqrk msßil=;a isá;s' ls3⁄4;s" m%Yxid ,nñka th iïmQ3⁄4K lrk
msßil=;a isá;s' flfia fj;;a ;:d.;hka jykafia úiska
foaYkd fldg jod< ksjkg muqKqjk iqmámkak .=Khuhs' tla
tla whf.a meje;au wkqj tu .=Kh mj;sk nj lsj yelsh'
iuHla ud3⁄4.h ksjkg fya;= jk ksid iqmámkakkï fõ' fuu
W;=ï iqmámkak .=Khg uu kuialdr lrñ' udf.a kuialdrh
fõjdæ

idOqæ idOqææ idOqæææ

Wcqmámkak .=Kh ^idrdxY w3⁄4:h&

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