PET 225 E-BOOK

PUSAT PENGAJIAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN

PET225 TESOL CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
SEMESTER 2 ACADEMIC SESSION 2020/2021

E-BOOK: ORAL COMMUNICATION CEFR C1

PREPARED BY:

VINOSHA JEGANATHAN (147626)
LEONG YEAN THYN (147967)
LEE SHI YU (147970)
ADORA OOI ZE SHUO (146497)

PREPARED FOR:

ASSOCIATE PROFFESOR DR MOHAMAD
JAFREE ZAINOL ABIDIN

SUBMISSION DATE

18th JULY 2021

Communicating
101:

Communication
In Different
Situations

A SPEAKING COURSE BY:
VINOSHA JEGANATHAN

LEONG YEAN THYN
ADORA OOI ZE SHUO

LEE SHI YU

YEAR OF PUBLICATION: 2021

PREFACE

It is undeniable that a good course book is
a great source of knowledge and an

effective tool to foster students' autonomy
and independence. Bearing this in mind
and in order to equip students with a
simple and easy-to-understand speaking

course book, we have worked together and
created this speaking course book.

In no way this book is claim to be
exhaustive. It is a modest attempt to
familiarize students with English and
increase their motivation to speak better

this vital language.

We hope this book will help students to
learn speak English in different situations

without hesitations.

AUTHORS

VINOSHA JEGANATHAN

A full time student and a part time content
creator who formerly did her diploma in English
and who has strong passion towards English
language.

LEONG YEAN THYN

A TESOL student Kelantan that wants to
break the stereotype and has high
enthusiasm towards the English
language.

LEE SHI YU

A 22 year old student who is currently
doing her degree in TESOL at USM and
who wants to help students to speak
good English easily.

ADORA OOI ZE SHUO

A TESOL student who has high interest
in learning and teaching English and
wants to help others to speak good
English .

TABLE OF CONTENTS

OBJECTIVES PAGE 1

CEFR DESCRIPTION PAGE 2- 3
FOR C1 LEARNERS

UNIT 1 PAGE 4- 24

UNIT 2 PAGE 25- 43

UNIT 3 PAGE 44- 62

UNIT 4 PAGE 63- 80

UNIT 5 PAGE 81- 99

ANSWER BOOKLET PAGE 100- 113

OBJECTIVES

Able to understand the differences
between formal and informal
discussions.
Able to improve conversation skills.
Able to obtain the skills to interview
and answer interviews.
Able to communicate to obtain goods
and services.

1

CERF DESCRIPTION
FOR C1 LEARNERS

UNIT 1:
Can easily follow and contribute to
complex interactions between third
parties in group discussion even on
abstract, complex unfamiliar topics.

UNIT 2:

Can argue a formal position

convincingly, responding to questions

and comments and answering

complex lines of counter-argument

fluently, spontaneously and

appropriately. Can restate, evaluate

and challenge contributions from

other participants about matters

within their academic or professional

competence. 2

UNIT 3:
Can use language flexibly and
effectively for social purposes,
including emotional, allusive and
joking usage.

UNIT 4:
Can participate fully in an interview,
as either interviewer or interviewee,
expanding and developing the point
being discussed fluently without any
support, and handling interjections
well.

UNIT 5:
Can negotiate complex or sensitive
transactions in public, professional or
academic life.

3

UNIT 1 :

INFORMAL
DISCUSSIONS

4

WHAT
WILL YOU

LEARN?

5

LEARNING OUTCOMES
:

Can easily follow and contribute to complex
interactions between third parties in group
discussion even on abstract, complex
unfamiliar topics.
Understand the characteristic of informal
discussion.
Understand tips and strategies in conducting
informal discussions.
Understand the suitable words and phrases
to be spoken during informal discussions.

6

DO YOU
KNOW WHAT

IS AN
INFORMAL
DISCUSSION?

7

Informal discussion
methods share information

casually within a social
group. It can be a group of
friends, family members,

working collogues.
Informal discussions are

not part of the formal
structure of an
organization.

8

The
Characteristics of

Informal
Discussion...

9

Informal discussions are
more likely a relaxed
conversations

Informal discussions do not
need agenda or pre-
planning.

Informal discussions mostly
uses informal language.

Informal discussions has

not format. 10

Informal Discussions
Speaking Tips

Identify the topic that is being
discussed.

Follow through other's the main
points.

Deal diplomatically with
disagreement and criticism.

Discuss and (dis)agreeing in a
limited way to expressing ideas

with precision.

11

THINGS TO AVOID
DURING INFORMAL

DISCUSSIONS

Avoid interruption – except if
you politely interrupt eg: Sorry
to interrupt, but ...

Cutting people off mid-sentence
and adding your own points.

Talking over other people when
they are talking about their
points.

Use inappropriate, vulgar
language and formal language.

SOURCE: BBC.CO.UK

SUITABLE
WORDS AND
PHRASES FOR

FORMAL
DISCUSSIONS

13

SCENARIO
1:

DISCUSSION WITH
FRIENDS

14

DURING A
DISCUSSION
WITH FRIENDS..

GREETING FRIENDS

Hey, What's up?
Hi mate!
Holla, how're you doing
Good day buddy!

BEGINNING A DISCUSSION

Have you heard about...
Did you know that...
What is you take on the..
Do you prefer...

SOURCE: GET INTO ENGLISH 15

WHEN YOU DON'T FEEL

COMFORTABLE WITH A

PARTICULAR TOPIC

I’m not really sure what to
say. What about you?
No comments. What about
you?

RESPONDING TO NEW NEWS

No way!
I can't believe that!
Ohh, That's new for me!

SOURCE: THE ART OF BUSINESS ENGLISH 16

PRO
TIP!

Using ‘SO’ Can
Help Make The

Conversation
Flow

17

SCENARIO
2:

INFORMAL
MEETING

18

KEY PHRASES FOR INFORMAL
MEETINGS

OPENING A MEETING

Let’s get started.
If everyone is here, we can
start the meeting.
Thanks everyone for coming,
let’s kick things off

REFFERING TO TIMING

Let’s keep this meeting to one

hour.

Can I get everyone to keep

their discussion points to 5

minutes?

SOURCE: THE ART OF BUSINESS ENGLISH 19

HANDING OVER TO OTHER
PARTICIPANTS

Lim, can you kick things off?
Jake, it’d be great if you could
jump in and take the floor.
Jess, can we hear from you
first?

DISCLOSURE

That's all for today mates.
Let's call it off today guys.
See ya all next meeing, bye!

SOURCE: THE ART OF BUSINESS ENGLISH 20

PRO TIP

ALWAYS KEEP IT CASUAL
AND SIMPLE WHEN

SPEAKING IN INFORMAL
MEETINGS.

21

LET'S
PRACTICE!

22

TASK 1: INFORMAL DISCUSSION
WITH FRIENDS

INSTRUCTION:
Form a group of five and discuss
about the following :

Why social media is turning
into an addiction ?

NOTE: Each and
every group member
needs to participate

actively in the
discussion.

23

TASK 2: INFORMAL MEETING

Split into groups of five. Assign the
positions of Manager, Sales Repesentative,
Finance Staff, Human Resource Manager
and Public Relation staff to each of your
groupmates. Conduct an informal meeting
among your group to discuss the topic
below.

Updates regarding new
product launch.

NOTE: Each and every group
member needs to participate

actively in the discussion

24

UNIT 2:
FORMAL
DISCUSSIONS

25

WHAT
WILL YOU
LEARN?

26

LEARNING OUTCOMES

Understand the difference between
formal and informal discussions.

Understand tips and strategies in
conducting formal discussions.

Understand the suitable words and
phrases to be spoken during formal
discussions.

27

INTRODUCTION TO
FORMAL

DISCUSSIONS

28

WHAT MAKES
FORMAL

DISCUSSIONS
DIFFERENT FROM

INFORMAL
DISCUSSIONS?

29

Formal Discussions
typically...

Has a specific
structure and a more

formal setting

Take the form of a
guided discussion or

focus group.

Uses formal language
and opinions are spoken

in a certain manner.

Example: Debate,
Company Meetings,
School Adminstration

Meeting etc. 30

Formal Discussions
Speaking Tips

Present ideas clearly and carefully
using appropriate language.

Ask questions to the presenter.

Practice speaking with someone
else in a dialogue situation
reflective of a formal situation or
with a person of authority

31

PRO TIP

Confidence is key!
Always be confident

when you speak!

32

THINGS TO AVOID
DURING FORMAL

DISCUSSIONS

Avoid interruption – except
maybe to show agreement, eg
“Yes, I see”

Cutting people off mid-
sentence.

Talking over other people.

Use inappropriate and vulgar
language.

SOURCE: BBC.CO.UK

SCENE 1:
A DEBATE

34

DURING A
DEBATE

Source: pittayakom.weebly.com

DEFINING A MOTION

Now we as today's proposition/opposition strongly
believe that this is true/not true, but before we come
to our actual argumentation, let us first define some
important terms in this debate.
We believe that what is meant by ... is... / that ... are ...

REBUTTING ARGUMENTS,
REBUILDING YOUR CASE

But before I come to my own arguments, let us first
have a look at what ... has said.
The first prop/opposition speaker has told us ...; on the
contrary ...

INTRODUCING ARGUMENTS

Let me come to my

first/second/.../next argument

The first/... reason why we're

prop/opposing this motion

is:explaining arguments 35

PRESENTING EXAMPLES

There are many examples for
this/for ..., for instance.
In fact, you can find many
examples for this in real life. Just
think of...
And there are similar cases, such
as ...

SUMMARIZING AND LINKING THE
ARGUMENT

So as we have seen [argument label], and therefore
[motion].
Now because of this ..., we have to support this motion.

SUMMARIZING AND ENDING YOUR
SPEECH

So Ladies and Gentlemen, what have I told
you today? Firstly ..., Secondly..
And for all of these reasons, the motion must
stand/fall.

GIVING REPLY SPEECHES

A first/second/... major clash
was: ... Today's prop/opposition
told us ...; we had to find ...
And for all these reasons, I beg
you to prop/oppose

SCENE 2:
ORGANISATION

MEETINGS

37

KEY PHRASES FOR FORMAL
MEETINGS

Source: fluentu.com
STARTING THE MEETING

Welcome, everyone. The purpose of today’s
meeting is to discuss…
Thank you all for coming at such short notice.
Let’s start with item number one.
Now that everyone’s here, let’s get started with
today’s agenda.

BRINGING UP TOPICS
FOR DISCUSSION

The first item on the agenda
that we need to discuss today
is…
Let’s look at the first item on
the agenda.
First, let’s talk about…

ASKING FOR CLARIFICATION

Can you run that by me one more time?
I don't fully understand what you mean. Could
you explain it from a different angle?
I’m not sure I understand what you mean by…

INTRODUCING YOUR

PRESENTATION TOPIC

Thank you for getting here on time.
Today we’re here to discuss...

Due to issues identified in [project name], we’re
here to come up with a quick resolution
The presentation will cover these [number of
points] topics

CONCLUDING YOUR PRESENTATION

To summarize then, let me just run through what
we’ve agreed here
To sum up what I’ve presented
That brings me to the end of my presentation,
thank you for listening

ASKING FOR OPINIONS

I’d like to get some feedback from the group on
this? What do you think we should do?
Any final thoughts before we close the meeting?
Are there any objections to what I covered?

Source: virtulspeech.com

EXPRESSING OPINIONS

I’m positive that we can make this work.
Well, from my point of view, this is too ambitious.
I feel that we are moving in the right direction.

INTERRUPTIONS

Sorry to interrupt, but…
I’ll come to that in a minute,
but just to finish the point
I’m making, I don’t think…
If I can just interrupt for a
moment…

CLOSING THE MEETING

The meeting is adjourned. Thank you all for
attending.
If no one has anything else to add, then I think
we’ll wrap this up.
I think that covers everything, we’ve done
enough for one day.
We are out of time, let’s call it a day.

Source: verbling.com

EXERCISES

41

TASK 1: DEBATE

Split among yourselves into government
and opposition. Each group consisting of
three speakers. Choose one out of the
topics below to be debated.

Impact of video games on youth

E-Learning: A Substitute for
Learning?

Should mobile phones be allowed in
schools?

Has examinations killed education?

42

TASK 2: ROLE PLAY

Split into groups of five. Assign the positions
of CEO, Sales Manager, Operation Manager,
Human Resource Manager and Finance
Manager to each of your groupmates.
Conduct a meeting among your group to
discuss one of the motions below.

You are running a shoe company.
Recent sales of your company's sport
shoes are dropping. Discuss this in a
meeting.

You are operating a fast food

franchise. There are recently

complaints about staffs

underperforming at work. Discuss

this in a meeting

You own a clothing company. There
are talks on changing suppliers.
Discuss this in a meeting.

43

UNIT 3:
CONVERSATIONS

44

WHAT WILL YOU
LEARN?

45