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Published by Teacher Latthi, 2022-11-29 03:47:56

ວິຊາເຕັກໂນໂລຊີ ຂໍ້ມູນຂ່າວສານ ແລະ ການສື່ສານ ມ.2

Pages:

ປຶ້ມຄູ່ມືຄູ

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

7e4k,7Qo7;hk mu !WD! g]nvj ’ v5xtdvoxhvo0=h,6o (Input devices)

sâ’9kdoadIPolbdlkgoNv.o0v’[qfIPo16jgInvo c]t lqomtokI;j ,daoc]h;.sh
oadIPolts^5[lk]tle7ao fa’j 8+wxoUG

1. ]adltot c]t 75olq,[af0v’ cxhory, (keyboard):

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

2. ]adltot c]t 75olq,[af0v’ mouse Xg,hqkl%?G

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

3. ]adltot c]t 75olq,[af0v’ trackball Xmtciad[vo?G

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

4. ]adltot c]t 75olq,[af0v’ dko7;[75, (joystick):

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

5. ]adltot c]t 75olq,[af0v’ g7njv’ ltcdogoui (scanner)F g7njv’vjkovadlvoc,jgsâdF
9=leraf (touch screen):

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

6. ]adltot c]t 75olq,[af0v’ 9=leraf (touch screen):

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

xB,76,j n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             47

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

xB,76,j n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             48

g;]k ! -q;j 3,’

dyf9tde mu !WG v5xtdvoxhvo0=h,6o (Input devices)

I. 95fxtlq’

.shoadIPoI6hG
- ]adltot0v’v5xtdvoxhvo0=h,6oD
- |hkmuj0v’v5xtdvoxhvo0=h,6o8jk’MD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=

v5xtdvoxhvo0=h,6o gxaov5xtdvomujoegvqk0=h,6o s^n 3xicdi, g0Qkwxgda[w;h.o|;j p
7;k,9esâd c]t .-h.odkoxt,;ozqoD v5xtdvoIa[0=h,6o,us^kpxtgrf g-ajoG cxhory,
(keyboard)F mouse Xg,hqkl%?F trackball Xcmiad[vo?F dko7;[75, (joystick)F g7njv’
ltcdogoui (scanner)F g7njv’vjkovadlvoc,gj sâdF 9=leraf (touch screen)D

III. lnj c]t v5xtdvo ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

1. g9hp7;k,I6h mu !WD!
2. g9hp7e4k,7Qo7;hk mu !WD! c]t !!D!
3. xB,c[[IPo g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lko c]t dkolnjlko 0Ao ,D@
4. I6[rk[xtdv[ c]t czoj -ufu mu,j ugoNv.odjP;0hv’ Xvu’8k,g’njvow0?

IV. ;ymudkofegouodkolvo

1. dkodtdP,
1.1 dtdP, g9hp7e4k,7Qo7;hk !WD! c]t !!D! c]t g9hp7;k,I6h mu !WD!D
1.2 dtdP,goNv.omudj Pj ;0hv’ g-yj’16.j oxB,c[[IPog8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0kj ;lko -aho,af

mtpq,lbdlk8vo8Qo 0Ao ,D@ lhk’3fp lD;DlD
1.3 lhk’g7nvj ’,ngrnvj dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo8k,c8]j t0Ao8vo8k,7;k,g\ktlq,D

xB,76j,n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             49

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

2. 0aho8vofegouodko
2.1 76lvooeg0qhkl6[j qfIPo 3fpdkom;o7nodPj ;da[[qfIPogdqjkD
2.2 76lvo.shoadIPo0Boltg|u[qfmuj8qogv’Ia[zyf-v[.og9hp7e4k,7Qo7;hk !WD! fh;p

dko9a[lts^kd s^n fh;pI6[dkovnjo 8k,7;k,g\ktlq,D
2.3 sâ’9kdltg|u[qfc]h; 76lvocotoe.sh,udkoxtdv[7;k,7yfgsao0v’oadIPo.o

shv’IPoD
2.4 76lvoI;j ,da[oadIPolts^5[7nogoNv.o0v’[qfIPo c]t dkoxtdv[7;k,gsao

0v’oadIPo.oshv’ c]t 76lvoc-dgoNv.o0v’[qfmugj sao;kj pa’[+mao7q[4h;oD
2.5 grnjvgxaodkodtdP,.shdkoIPo0v’[qfIPo8+wxF djvo9t\qfg;]k pa’xt,ko &

sk !W okmuF 76lvoc9d1kp7e4k,7Qo7;hk !!D! .shc8j]td5j,mujwfh9afc[j’.o-q;j
3,’dvj oD 9kdoAoF .sh,v[7;k,Ia[zyf-v[fa’j oUG sq;|hkd5,j Ia[zyf-v[];, c]t
,u|hkmujc[j’xao;Pd.shlt,k-ydm5d7qo.od5,j D Iv’sq;|hkd5j,,u|hkmugj da[dezqo
’komujlt,k-ydIa[zyf-v[ma’\qf c]t lq,mq[da[sq;|hkd5j,xtg,uozqo7;k,shk;
sao.o|hk;Pdmu4j nd,v[\kp 3fp.shgxao7tcoo7;k,rtpkpk,D

3. 0=hcotoe
.o0Ao8vodkofegouodkolvo vkflkp;yfu3v Xvu’8k,g’njvow0? muwj fhI;[Ij;,
gvqk0=h,6odjP;da[goNv.o0v’[qfIPo s^n ltg|uI6[rk[mudj jP;0hv’da[[qfIPo grnvj -;j pdt85ho
7;k,lqo.90v’oadIPo.shs^kp0BoD

4. cs^j’0=h,6ogruj,g8u,
4hk,ug’njvow0 d=.shlbdlkgvqkgoNv.omujdjP;0hv’9kds^kpcs^j’ g-aoj G 3m]trk[F ;ymtp5F
|a’lnry, c]t vyog8ucoafD

xB,76,j n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             50

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo

1. la’gdfdkoltg|u[qf0v’oadIPoD
2. la’gdfdko,ul;j oIj;,.odyf9tde c]t dkoxtdv[7;k,7yfgsao0v’oadIPo

.oshv’D

cxhory,gxaov5xtdvoxhvo0=h,6o-toyf|b’j 0v’g7nvj ’7v,ry;g8u
xB,76,j n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             51

g9hp7;k,I6h mu !WD! VIS1 0v’ Monitor

0t|kfltcf’zqo (VIS) s^n [k’gmnvj d=gvUo;jk PIS2 gmy’|hk9=rk[0v’ Monitor
l;j os^kp gryjo;afcmdgxaooU; (inch) s^n mm X,y]uc,af?D VIS 9t,u7;k,\kpc8d8kj ’ 9kd
display resolution (logical image size) g-y’j gxao,kf8t4ko|hk9=0v’7v,ry;g8u c]t
;afcmdgxaorydg-o (pixel)D 8k8t]k’]5,j oU [vdg4y’dkodeoqf0t|kfltcf’zqo
0v’|hk9= LCDG

Width, height and viewable area from diagonal measurement and aspect ratio, rounded to centimetres

Diameter (D) 5:4 (W:H) 4:3 (W:H) 8:5 (W:H) 16:9 (W:H)

(in) (cm) w (cm) h (cm) A (cm²) w (cm) h (cm) A (cm²) w (cm) h (cm) A (cm²) w (cm) h (cm) A (cm²)

7 18 14 11 154 14 11 152 15 9 142 15 9 135

10 25 20 16 315 20 15 310 22 13 290 22 12 264

11 28 22 17 381 22 17 375 24 15 351 24 14 334

14 36 28 22 617 28 21 607 30 19 568 31 17 527

15 38 30 24 708 30 23 697 32 20 652 33 19 620 ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

17 43 34 27 910 35 26 895 37 23 838 38 21 797

19 48 38 30 1136 39 29 1118 41 26 1047 42 24 995

20 51 40 32 1259 41 30 1239 43 27 1160 44 25 1103

21 53 42 33 1388 43 32 1366 45 28 1279 46 26 1216

22 56 44 35 1523 45 34 1499 47 30 1403 49 27 1334

23 58 46 36 1665 47 35 1638 50 31 1534 51 29 1458

24 61 48 38 1813 49 37 1784 52 32 1670 53 30 1588

25 64 50 40 1967 51 38 1935 54 34 1812 55 31 1723

26 66 52 41 2127 53 40 2093 56 35 1960 58 32 1864

27 69 54 43 2294 55 41 2258 58 36 2114 60 34 2010

28 71 56 44 2467 57 43 2428 60 38 2273 62 35 2161

29 74 58 46 2647 59 44 2604 62 39 2439 64 36 2318

30 76 60 48 2832 61 46 2787 65 40 2610 66 37 2481



1 VIS sp=h,k9kd Viewable Image Size
2 PIS sp=h,k9kd Physical Image Size

xB,76j,n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             52

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

31 79 61 49 3024 63 47 2976 67 42 2787 69 39 2649

7e4k,7Qo7;hk mu !!D! g]njv’ v5xtdvoltcf’zqo (Ouput devices)

sâ’9kdoadIPolbdlkgoNv.o0v’[qfIPo16gj Invo c]t lqomtokI;j ,daoc]h;.sh
oadIPolts^5[lk]tle7ao fa’j 8+wxoUG

1. ]adltot c]t 75olq,[af0v’ |j;p9=rk[ (monitor):

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

2. ]adltot c]t 75olq,[af0v’ g7nvj ’ry, (printer)G

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

3. xtgrf0v’ g7njv’ry,G

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

4. ]adltot c]t 75olq,[af0v’ g7njv’lkpgvdtlko (Projector):

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

5. 7;k,\kp0v’0t|kfltcf’zqogmy’9=rk[ LCD (W:H):

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

xB,76,j n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             53

dyf9tde mu !!G v5xtdvoltcf’zqo (Ouput devices) g;]k ! -q;j 3,’

I. 95fxtlq’

.shoadIPoI6hG
- ]adltot0v’v5xtdvoltcf’zqoD
- |hkmu0j v’v5xtdvoltcf’zqo8jk’MD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=

v5xtdvoltcf’zqogxaov5xtdvomulj e7ao c]t 9egxao1jk’|bj’ muj.-h.o]t[q[7v,ry;

g8u g-aoj G |;j p9=rk[ (monitor)F g7njv’ry, (printer)F g7njv’lkp (Data Projector).

III. lnj c]t v5xtdvo ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

1. g9hp7e4k,7Qo7;hk mu !!D! c]t !@D!

2. xB,c[[IPo g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0kj ;lko c]t dkolnlj ko 0Ao ,D@

3. I6[rk[xtdv[ c]t czjo-ufu mu,j ugoNv.odjP;0hv’ Xvu’8k,g’njvow0?

IV. ;ymudkofegouodkolvo

1. dkodtdP,
1.1 dtdP, g9hp7e4k,7Qo7;hk mu !!D! c]t !@D!D
1.2 dtdP,goNv.omujdjP;0hv’ g-yj’16.j oxB,c[[IPog8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0kj ;lko -aho,af

mtpq,lbdlk8vo8Qo 0Ao ,D@ lhk’3fp lD;DlD
1.3 lhk’g7njv’,ngrnvj dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo8k,c8]j t0Ao8vo8k,7;k,g\ktlq,D
2. 0aho8vofegouodko
2.1 76lvooeg0qhkl6j[qfIPo 3fpdkom;o7nodjP;da[[qfIPogdqjkD
2.2 76lvo.shoadIPo0Boltg|u[qfmu8j qogv’Ia[zyf-v[.og9hp7e4k,7Qo7;hk !!D! fh;p

dko9a[lts^kd s^n fh;pI6[dkovnjo 8k,7;k,g\ktlq,D

xB,76j,n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             54

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

2.3 sâ’9kdltg|u[qfc]h; 76lvocotoe.sh,udkoxtdv[7;k,7yfgsao0v’oadIPo.o
shv’IPoD

2.4 76lvoIj;,da[oadIPolts^5[7nogoNv.o0v’[qfIPo c]t dkoxtdv[7;k,gsao
0v’oadIPo.oshv’ c]t 76lvoc-dgoNv.o0v’[qfmujgsao;jk pa’[+mao7q[4h;oD

2.5 grnvj gxaodkodtdP,.shdkoIPo0v’[qfIPo8+wxF dvj o9t\qfg;]k pa’xt,ko &
sk !W okmuF 76lvoc9d1kp7e4k,7Qo7;hk !@D! .shc8]j td5,j mujwfh9afc[’j .o-q;j
3,’djvoD 9kdoAoF .sh,v[7;k,Ia[zyf-v[fa’j oUG sq;|hkd5,j Ia[zyf-v[];, c]t
,u|hkmucj [’j xao;Pd.shlt,k-ydm5d7qo.od5,j D Iv’sq;|hkd5,j ,u|hkmugj da[dezqo
’komulj t,k-ydIa[zyf-v[ma’\qf c]t lq,mq[da[sq;|hkd5j,xtg,uozqo7;k,shk;
sao.o|hk;Pdmuj4nd,v[\kp 3fp.shgxao7tcoo7;k,rtpkpk,D

3. 0=hcotoe
.o0Ao8vodkofegouodkolvo vkflkp;yfu3v Xvu’8k,g’njvow0? mujwfhI;[I;,
gvqk0=h,6odjP;da[goNv.o0v’[qfIPo s^n ltg|uI6[rk[mujdPj ;0hv’da[[qfIPo grnjv-j;pdt85ho
7;k,lqo.90v’oadIPo.shs^kp0BoD

4. cs^j’0=h,6ogru,j g8u,
4hk,ug’njvow0 d=.shlbdlkgvqkgoNv.omujdPj ;0hv’9kds^kpcs^’j g-aoj G 3m]trk[F ;ymtp5F
|a’lnry, c]t vyog8ucoafD

V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo

1. la’gdfdkoltg|u[qf0v’oadIPoD
2. la’gdfdko,ul;j oIj;,.odyf9tde c]t dkoxtdv[7;k,7yfgsao0v’oadIPo

.oshv’D

xB,76j,n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             55

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

7e4k,7Qo7;hk mu !@D! g]nvj ’ -v[c; (Softwares)

sâ’9kdoadIPolbdlkgoNv.o0v’[qfIPo16gj Invo c]t lqomtokI;j ,daoc]h;.sh
oadIPolts^5[lk]tle7ao fa’j 8+wxoUG

1. 7;k,\kp c]t 7;k,le7ao0v’-v[c;:

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

2. dkorq;rao]ts;jk’-v[c; c]t rklk7v,ry;g8uG

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

3. 7;k,I6hdPj ;da[-v[c;-toyf8jk’MG

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

4. lq,mP[7;k,c8d8jk’]ts;kj ’-v[c;xtp5d c]t -v[c;]t[q[G

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

5. lq,mP[7;k,c8d8kj ’]ts;kj ’ Compiler c]t InterpreterG

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

xB,76,j n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             56

[qfmu @ g;]k ! -qj;3,’

-v[c; (Softwares)
dyf9tde mu !@G -v[c; (Softwares)

I. 95fxtlq’

.shoadIPoI6hG
- 7;k,\kp c]t |hkmujle7ao0v’-v[c;D
- dkorq;rao]ts;kj ’7v,ry;g8u c]t -v[c;D

II. goNv.o8Qo8=

-v[c; \kpg4y’-5f7ela’j s^n 3xicdi, mu.j -hlaj’.sh7v,ry;g8ugIaf;Pd8k,]efa[
0Ao8vodkogIaf;Pd’ko g-yj’0Po0Bofh;prklk0v’7v,ry;g8uD 7elaj’gs^qjkoAoIP’daogxao
3xicdi,7v,ry;g8uD

rklk7v,ry;g8u gxaolnjdk’le]a[dko8yf8+]ts;jk’,to5fda[7v,ry;g8u grnjv4kj p
mvf7;k,8hv’dko0v’,to5f.sh7v,ry;g8uIa[I6h c]t xt8y[af8k,D
ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

III. lnj c]t v5xtdvo

1. g9hp7e4k,7Qo7;hk mu !@D! c]t !#D!

2. xB,c[[IPo g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lko c]t dkolnjlko 0Ao ,D@

3. I6[rk[xtdv[ c]t czoj -ufu muj,ugoNv.odjP;0hv’ Xvu’8k,g’njvow0?

IV. ;ymudkofegouodkolvo

1. dkodtdP,

1.1 dtdP, g9hp7e4k,7Qo7;hk mu !@D! c]t !#D!D

xB,76j,n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             57

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

1.2 dtdP,goNv.omujdPj ;0hv’ g-y’j 16.j oxB,c[[IPog8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lko -aho,af
mtpq,lbdlk8vo8Qo 0Ao ,D@ lhk’3fp lD;DlD

1.3 lhk’g7nvj ’,ngrnvj dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo8k,c8j]t0Ao8vo8k,7;k,g\ktlq,D
2. 0aho8vofegouodko
2.1 76lvooeg0qhkl6j[qfIPo 3fpdkom;o7nodPj ;da[[qfIPogdqkj D
2.2 76lvo.shoadIPo0Boltg|u[qfmu8j qogv’Ia[zyf-v[.og9hp7e4k,7Qo7;hk !@D! fh;p

dko9a[lts^kd s^n fh;pI6[dkovnjo 8k,7;k,g\ktlq,D
2.3 sâ’9kdltg|u[qfc]h; 76lvocotoe.sh,udkoxtdv[7;k,7yfgsao0v’oadIPo.o

shv’IPoD
2.4 76lvoI;j ,da[oadIPolts^5[7nogoNv.o0v’[qfIPo c]t dkoxtdv[7;k,gsao

0v’oadIPo.oshv’ c]t 76lvoc-dgoNv.o0v’[qfmugj sao;jk pa’[+mao7q[4h;oD
2.5 grnvj gxaodkodtdP,.shdkoIPo0v’[qfIPo8+wxF dvj o9t\qfg;]k pa’xt,ko &

sk !W okmuF 76lvoc9d1kp7e4k,7Qo7;hk !#D! .shc8]j td5,j mujwfh9afc[’j .o-q;j
3,’dvj oD 9kdoAoF .sh,v[7;k,Ia[zyf-v[faj’oUG sq;|hkd5,j Ia[zyf-v[];, c]t
,u|hkmucj [j’xao;Pd.shlt,k-ydm5d7qo.od5j,D Iv’sq;|hkd5,j ,u|hkmujgda[dezqo
’komulj t,k-ydIa[zyf-v[ma’\qf c]t lq,mq[da[sq;|hkd5,j xtg,uozqo7;k,shk;
sao.o|hk;Pdmu4j nd,v[\kp 3fp.shgxao7tcoo7;k,rtpkpk,D

3. 0=hcotoe
.o0Ao8vodkofegouodkolvo vkflkp;yfu3v Xvu’8k,g’nvj ow0? muwj fhI;[I;,
gvqk0=h,6odjP;da[goNv.o0v’[qfIPo s^n ltg|uI6[rk[mudj Pj ;0hv’da[[qfIPo grnjv-j;pdt85ho
7;k,lqo.90v’oadIPo.shs^kp0BoD

4. cs^’j 0=h,6ogru,j g8u,

xB,76,j n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             58

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

4hk,ug’nvj ow0 d=.shlbdlkgvqkgoNv.omudj jP;0hv’9kds^kpcs^j’ g-ajoG 3m]trk[F ;ymtp5F
|a’lnry, c]t vyog8ucoafD

xB,76j,n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             59

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo

1. la’gdfdkoltg|u[qf0v’oadIPoD
2. la’gdfdko,ul;j oIj;,.odyf9tde c]t dkoxtdv[7;k,7yfgsao0v’oadIPo

.oshv’D

7v,rkpg]u (compiler) c]t vyog8uxiyfg8u (interpreter)

xB,76,j n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             60

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

7e4k,7Qo7;hk mu !#D! g]njv’ -toyf0v’-v[c;

sâ’9kdoadIPolbdlkgoNv.o0v’[qfIPo16jgInvo c]t lqomtokI;j ,daoc]h;.sh
oadIPolts^5[lk]tle7ao faj’8+wxoUG
1. dkoc[’j xtgrf0v’-v[c;:

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

2. |hkmu0j v’-v[c;]t[q[G

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

3. |hkmuj0v’-v[c;xtp5dG

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

4. lq,mP[7;k,c8d8kj ’0v’-v[c;]t[q[ c]t -v[c;xtp5dG

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

xB,76,j n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             61

dyf9tde mu !#G -toyf0v’-v[c; g;]k ! -qj;3,’

I. 95fxtlq’

.shoadIPoI6hG
- dkoc[’j -toyf0v’-v[c;D
- ]adltotrNo4ko0v’-v[c;c8j]t-toyfD

II. goNv.o8Qo8= ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

-v[c; 4ndc[j’vvd8k,ltrk[dkoxt8y[af’kogxao @ xtgrffa’j oUG -v[c;]t[q[
c]t -v[c;]t[q[xtp5dD

-v[c;]t[q[ ,u|hkmujfegouo’korNo4ko8jk’M0v’]t[q[7v,ry;g8u g-ajoG Ia[0=h,6o
9kdcxhory, c]h;cx7;k,\kp.sh7v,ry;g8ug0Qk.9F oegvqk0=h,6owxltcf’zqogmy’9=rk[
s^n lq’j vvdwxskg7nvj ’ry,F 9afdko0=h,6o.o]t[q[c2h,0=h,6ogmyj’|j;p7;k,9eleIv’D -v[
c;]t[q[c[j’vvdgxaolv’rkdl;j o7nG -v[c;75oxt3spf (Utility Software) c]t
]t[q[xt8y[afdko (Operating System)D

-v[c;]t[q[xtp5d gxao-v[c;muj.-hda[;Pd’kofhko8jk’M 8k,7;k,8hv’0v’z6h.-h
mujlk,kfoe,k.-hxt3spfwfh3fpdq’D

III. lnj c]t v5xtdvo

1. g9hp7e4k,7Qo7;hk mu !#D! c]t !$D!

2. xB,c[[IPo g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0kj ;lko c]t dkolnlj ko 0Ao ,D@

3. I6[rk[xtdv[ c]t czoj -ufu mu,j ugoNv.odjP;0hv’ Xvu’8k,g’nvj ow0?

IV. ;ymudkofegouodkolvo

1. dkodtdP,

xB,76j,n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             62

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

1.1 dtdP, g9hp7e4k,7Qo7;hk mu !#D! c]t !$D!D
1.2 dtdP,goNv.omujdPj ;0hv’ g-yj’16j.oxB,c[[IPog8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0kj ;lko -aho,af

mtpq,lbdlk8vo8Qo 0Ao ,D@ lhk’3fp lD;DlD
1.3 lhk’g7nvj ’,ngrnvj dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo8k,c8]j t0Ao8vo8k,7;k,g\ktlq,D

2. 0aho8vofegouodko
2.1 76lvooeg0qhkl6j[qfIPo 3fpdkom;o7nodPj ;da[[qfIPogdqjkD
2.2 76lvo.shoadIPo0Boltg|u[qfmuj8qogv’Ia[zyf-v[.og9hp7e4k,7Qo7;hk !#D! fh;p

dko9a[lts^kd s^n fh;pI6[dkovnoj 8k,7;k,g\ktlq,D
2.3 sâ’9kdltg|u[qfc]h; 76lvocotoe.sh,udkoxtdv[7;k,7yfgsao0v’oadIPo.o

shv’IPoD
2.4 76lvoIj;,da[oadIPolts^5[7nogoNv.o0v’[qfIPo c]t dkoxtdv[7;k,gsao

0v’oadIPo.oshv’ c]t 76lvoc-dgoNv.o0v’[qfmugj sao;kj pa’[+mao7q[4h;oD
2.5 grnjvgxaodkodtdP,.shdkoIPo0v’[qfIPo8+wxF djvo9t\qfg;]k pa’xt,ko &

sk !W okmuF 76lvoc9d1kp7e4k,7Qo7;hk !$D! .shc8]j td5,j mujwfh9afc[j’.o-q;j
3,’dvj oD 9kdoAoF .sh,v[7;k,Ia[zyf-v[fa’j oUG sq;|hkd5,j Ia[zyf-v[];, c]t
,u|hkmujc[j’xao;Pd.shlt,k-ydm5d7qo.od5,j D Iv’sq;|hkd5,j ,u|hkmugj da[dezqo
’komulj t,k-ydIa[zyf-v[ma’\qf c]t lq,mq[da[sq;|hkd5j,xtg,uozqo7;k,shk;
sao.o|hk;Pdmu4j nd,v[\kp 3fp.shgxao7tcoo7;k,rtpkpk,D

3. 0=hcotoe
.o0Ao8vodkofegouodkolvo vkflkp;yfu3v Xvu’8k,g’nvj ow0? mujwfhI;[I;,
gvqk0=h,6odjP;da[goNv.o0v’[qfIPo s^n ltg|uI6[rk[mujdjP;0hv’da[[qfIPo grnvj -;j pdt85ho
7;k,lqo.90v’oadIPo.shs^kp0BoD

xB,76,j n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             63

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

4. cs^’j 0=h,6ogruj,g8u,
4hk,ug’njvow0 d=.shlbdlkgvqkgoNv.omudj jP;0hv’9kds^kpcs^’j g-ajoG 3m]trk[F ;ymtp5F
|a’lnry, c]t vyog8ucoafD

V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo

1. la’gdfdkoltg|u[qf0v’oadIPoD
2. la’gdfdko,ul;j oI;j ,.odyf9tde c]t dkoxtdv[7;k,7yfgsao0v’oadIPo

.oshv’D

,t3ork[dPj ;da[-v[c;]t[q[ c]t -v[c;xtp5d
xB,76j,n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             64

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

7e4k,7Qo7;hk mu !$D! g]nvj ’ ]t[q[xt8y[afdko DOS

sâ’9kdoadIPolbdlkgoNv.o0v’[qfIPo16gj Invo c]t lqomtokIj;,daoc]h;.sh
oadIPolts^5[lk]tle7ao fa’j 8+wxoUG
1. dkogIaf;Pd0v’ DOS:

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

2. -toyf7elaj’0v’ DOSG

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

3. pqd8q;1kj ’I6[c[[ c]t dko.-h7elaj’rkp.o0v’ DOSG

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

4. pqd8q;1jk’I6[c[[ c]t dko.-h7ela’j rkpovd0v’ DOSG

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

xB,76,j n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             65

dyf9tde mu !$G ]t[q[xt8y[afdko DOS g;]k ! -qj;3,’

I. 95fxtlq’

.shoadIPoI6hG
- ]adltot];,0v’ DOSD
- I6[c[[ c]t dkooe.-h0v’ DOSD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=

DOS gxao3xicdi,-toyf|bj’0v’-v[c;]t[q[mujrafmtok,kfqookoc]h;F xt8y[af

’kofh;pdkooe.-h7ela’j gxao8q;vadlvoD zkj o,klj;os^kp.ow,37i7v,ry;g8ugxaomjuI6hdaofu

c]t ,adoypq,.-h MS-DOS (sp=h,k9kd Microsoft Disk Operation System? g-y’j

rafmtok3fp[=]ylaf w,37i-v[7=x=gi-ao XMicrosoft Cooperation?D ]t[q[xt8y[afdkooU
ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ
wfh,udkorafmtok,k1kj ’8+gonjv’ 8k,7;k,8hv’dko0v’z6h-q,.-h c]t rafmtokdko0v’

-v[c; c]t Ikfc;D

I6[c[[ c]t dko.-h7elaj’8kj ’MG .odko.-h7elaj’8kj ’M0v’ DOS 9t,udko

deoqfvadlvo s^n laopt]ad.-hcmo0=h7;k,0v’I6[c[[7elj’a faj’oUG

[d:] \kpg4y’[jvogda[0=h,6o (Drive) g-ajoG A:, B:
[path] \kpg4y’-njwfgiadg8uiupvj p
[filename] \kpg4y’-ncj 2h,0=h,6o s^n -nj2kp (file name)
[.ext] \kpg4y’lj;o0tspkp s^n ok,ltd5oD

III. lnj c]t v5xtdvo

1. g9hp7e4k,7Qo7;hk mu !$D! c]t !&D!

2. xB,c[[IPo g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0kj ;lko c]t dkolnjlko 0Ao ,D@

3. I6[rk[xtdv[ c]t czjo-ufu muj,ugoNv.odPj ;0hv’ Xvu’8k,g’nvj ow0?

xB,76j,n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             66

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

IV. ;ymudkofegouodkolvo

1. dkodtdP,
1.1 dtdP, g9hp7e4k,7Qo7;hk mu !$D! c]t !&D!D
1.2 dtdP,goNv.omujdPj ;0hv’ g-y’j 16j.oxB,c[[IPog8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lko -aho,af

mtpq,lbdlk8vo8Qo 0Ao ,D@ lhk’3fp lD;DlD
1.3 lhk’g7njv’,ngrnvj dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo8k,c8]j t0Ao8vo8k,7;k,g\ktlq,D

2. 0aho8vofegouodko
2.1 76lvooeg0qhkl6j[qfIPo 3fpdkom;o7nodPj ;da[[qfIPogdqjkD
2.2 76lvo.shoadIPo0Boltg|u[qfmuj8qogv’Ia[zyf-v[.og9hp7e4k,7Qo7;hk !$D! fh;p

dko9a[lts^kd s^n fh;pI6[dkovnoj 8k,7;k,g\ktlq,D
2.3 sâ’9kdltg|u[qfc]h; 76lvocotoe.sh,udkoxtdv[7;k,7yfgsao0v’oadIPo.o

shv’IPoD
2.4 76lvoIj;,da[oadIPolts^5[7nogoNv.o0v’[qfIPo c]t dkoxtdv[7;k,gsao

0v’oadIPo.oshv’ c]t 76lvoc-dgoNv.o0v’[qfmugj sao;kj pa’[+mao7q[4h;oD
2.5 grnjvgxaodkodtdP,.shdkoIPo0v’[qfIPo8+wxF dvj o9t\qfg;]k pa’xt,ko &

sk !W okmuF 76lvoc9d1kp7e4k,7Qo7;hk !&D! .shc8]j td5,j mujwfh9afc[j’.o-q;j
3,’djvoD 9kdoAoF .sh,v[7;k,Ia[zyf-v[fa’j oUG sq;|hkd5,j Ia[zyf-v[];, c]t
,u|hkmujc[j’xao;Pd.shlt,k-ydm5d7qo.od5j,D Iv’sq;|hkd5j,,u|hkmujgda[dezqo
’komulj t,k-ydIa[zyf-v[ma’\qf c]t lq,mq[da[sq;|hkd5j,xtg,uozqo7;k,shk;
sao.o|hk;Pdmu4j nd,v[\kp 3fp.shgxao7tcoo7;k,rtpkpk,D

xB,76,j n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             67

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

3. 0=hcotoe
.o0Ao8vodkofegouodkolvo vkflkp;yfu3v Xvu’8k,g’nvj ow0? mujwfhI;[I;,
gvqk0=h,6odPj ;da[goNv.o0v’[qfIPo s^n ltg|uI6[rk[mudj jP;0hv’da[[qfIPo grnvj -j;pdt85ho
7;k,lqo.90v’oadIPo.shs^kp0BoD
4. cs^j’0=h,6ogru,j g8u,
4hk,ug’nvj ow0 d=.shlbdlkgvqkgoNv.omujdPj ;0hv’9kds^kpcs^j’ g-ajoG 3m]trk[F ;ymtp5F
|a’lnry, c]t vyog8ucoafD

V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo

1. la’gdfdkoltg|u[qf0v’oadIPoD
2. la’gdfdko,ul;j oI;j ,.odyf9tde c]t dkoxtdv[7;k,7yfgsao0v’oadIPo

.oshv’D

xB,76,j n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             68

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

7e4k,7Qo7;hk mu !&D! g]nvj ’ ]t[q[xt8y[afdko Windows and

Linux
sâ’9kdoadIPolbdlkgoNv.o0v’[qfIPo16jgInvo c]t lqomtokI;j ,daoc]h;.sh
oadIPolts^5[lk]tle7ao fa’j 8+wxoUG

1. ]adltot];,0v’ Windows:

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

2. I6[c[[ c]t dkooe.-h0v’ Windows:

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

3. ]adltot];,0v’ Linux:

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

4. I6[c[[ c]t dkooe.-h0v’ Linux:

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

xB,76,j n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             69

dyf9tde mu !&G ]t[q[xt8y[afdko Windows and Linux

g;]k ! -q;j 3,’

I. 95fxtlq’

.shoadIPoI6hG
- ]adltot];,0v’ Windows c]t LinuxD
- I6[c[[ c]t dkooe.-h0v’ Windows c]t LinuxD

II. goNv.o8Qo8= ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

;yo3f gxao]t[q[xt8y[afdkomujrafmtok8+9kd DOS 3fp.shz6h.-hlk,kfla’j ;Pdwfh
9kddkooe.-hg,qhkl%s^kp0Bo cmodko.-hcxhory,rP’1jk’fP;D ovd9kdoU ]t[q[xt8y[af
dko;yo3fpa’lk,kfgIaf;Pds^kp1jk’rhv,daowfh 3fp;Pdc8]j t1kj ’9t16j.o0v[0v’|hk
8kj ’gmy’9=rk[D dko.-h;PdgoAowxmk’dik2yd g-yj’z6h.-hlk,kf.-hg,qhkl%g]njvo8q;-uh
(cursor) grnjvg]nvd8ec|’j muxj tdqfgmy’|hk9=rk[ gIaf.sh.-h;Pdwfh’kj pD

16oyd gxao]t[q[xt8y[afdkomujrafmtok,k8A’c8j.op5d.-hg7njv’,you7v,ry;g8u c]t
gxao]t[q[xt8y[afdkoc[[]t[q[gxuf (open system) g-yj’gxaoco;7yfmujz6h.-h[+8hv’dko0Bo
da[]t[q[.f]t[q[|b’j s^n 8hv’.-hv5xtdvomuj,upusj =hfP;daoD 16oydpa’4ndvvdc[[,kgrnjv8v[
lt|v’dko.-h;Pd.o]adltotmuzj 6h.-h lk,kf.-hwfhs^kp7qo.og;]kfP;dao g-y’j gvUo;kj
]t[q[s^kp7qo.-h (multiusers) c]t lk,kfgIaf;Pds^kp1kj ’.og;]kfP;dao .o]adltot
mugj vUo;jk ]t[q[s^kpdyf9tde (multitasking). ]t[q[xt8y[afdko16oyd 9b’j oypq,.-hda[
g7njv’7v,ry;g8umugj -njv,8+gxaog7nv0kj p grnvj .-h;PdI;j ,dao.os^kpg7njv’rhv,daoD

III. lnj c]t v5xtdvo

1. g9hp7e4k,7Qo7;hk mu !&D! c]t !*D!

2. xB,c[[IPo g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lko c]t dkolnlj ko 0Ao ,D@

xB,76j,n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             70

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

3. I6[rk[xtdv[ c]t czoj -ufu mu,j ugoNv.odPj ;0hv’ Xvu’8k,g’nvj ow0?

IV. ;ymudkofegouodkolvo

1. dkodtdP,
1.1 dtdP, g9hp7e4k,7Qo7;hk mu !&D! c]t !*D!D
1.2 dtdP,goNv.omudj Pj ;0hv’ g-y’j 16j.oxB,c[[IPog8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0kj ;lko -aho,af

mtpq,lbdlk8vo8Qo 0Ao ,D@ lhk’3fp lD;DlD
1.3 lhk’g7nvj ’,ngrnjvdko;af c]t xtg,uozqo8k,c8j]t0Ao8vo8k,7;k,g\ktlq,D

2. 0aho8vofegouodko
2.1 76lvooeg0qhkl6j[qfIPo 3fpdkom;o7nodPj ;da[[qfIPogdqjkD
2.2 76lvo.shoadIPo0Boltg|u[qfmu8j qogv’Ia[zyf-v[.og9hp7e4k,7Qo7;hk !&D! fh;p

dko9a[lts^kd s^n fh;pI6[dkovnoj 8k,7;k,g\ktlq,D
2.3 sâ’9kdltg|u[qfc]h; 76lvocotoe.sh,udkoxtdv[7;k,7yfgsao0v’oadIPo.o

shv’IPoD
2.4 76lvoIj;,da[oadIPorkdaolts^5[7nogoNv.o0v’[qfIPo c]t dkoxtdv[

7;k,gsao0v’oadIPo.oshv’ c]t 76lvoc-dgoNv.o0v’[qfmugj sao;jk pa’[+mao
7q[4h;oD
2.5 grnvj gxaodkodtdP,.shdkoIPo0v’[qfIPo8+wxF djvo9t\qfg;]k pa’xt,ko &
sk !W okmuF 76lvoc9d1kp7e4k,7Qo7;hk !*D!D.shc8j]td5j,mujwfh9afc[j’.o-qj;
3,’dvj oD 9kdoAoF .sh,v[7;k,Ia[zyf-v[fa’j oUG sq;|hkd5j,Ia[zyf-v[];, c]t
,u|hkmujc[j’xao;Pd.shlt,k-ydm5d7qo.od5,j D Iv’sq;|hkd5j,,u|hkmujgda[dezqo
’komulj t,k-ydIa[zyf-v[ma’\qf c]t lq,mq[da[sq;|hkd5,j xtg,uozqo7;k,shk;
sao.o|hk;Pdmuj4nd,v[\kp 3fp.shgxao7tcoo7;k,rtpkpk,D

xB,76j,n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             71

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

3. 0=hcotoe
.o0Ao8vodkofegouodkolvo vkflkp;yfu3v Xvu’8k,g’nvj ow0? mujwfhI;[I;,
gvqk0=h,6odPj ;da[goNv.o0v’[qfIPo s^n ltg|uI6[rk[mudj jP;0hv’da[[qfIPo grnvj -j;pdt85ho
7;k,lqo.90v’oadIPo.shs^kp0BoD
4. cs^j’0=h,6ogru,j g8u,
4hk,ug’nvj ow0 d=.shlbdlkgvqkgoNv.omujdPj ;0hv’9kds^kpcs^j’ g-ajoG 3m]trk[F ;ymtp5F
|a’lnry, c]t vyog8ucoafD

V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo

1. la’gdfdkoltg|u[qf0v’oadIPoD
2. la’gdfdko,ul;j oI;j ,.odyf9tde c]t dkoxtdv[7;k,7yfgsao0v’oadIPo

.oshv’D

xB,76,j n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             72

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

7e4k,7Qo7;hk mu !*D! g]nvj ’ ]t[q[xt8y[afdko Unix and Mac

sâ’9kdoadIPolbdlkgoNv.o0v’[qfIPo16gj Invo c]t lqomtokI;j ,daoc]h;.sh
oadIPolts^5[lk]tle7ao fa’j 8+wxoUG
1. ]adltot];,0v’ Unix:

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

2. I6[c[[ c]t dkooe.-h0v’ Unix:

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

3. ]adltot];,0v’ Mac:

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

4. I6[c[[ c]t dkooe.-h0v’ Mac:

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

xB,76,j n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             73

dyf9tde mu !*G -v[c;]t[q[ Unix and Mac

g;]k ! -q;j 3,’

I. 95fxtlq’

.shoadIPoI6hG
- ]adltot];,0v’ Unix c]t MacD
- I6[c[[ c]t dkooe.-h0v’ Unix c]t MacD

II. goNv.o8Qo8= ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

]uo5d gxao]t[q[xt8y[afdkomurj afmtok,k9kd]t[q[16oyd c]t gxao]t[q[muj,udko
c9d9kj p3xicdi,8Qolt[a[.shoadrafmtok3xicdi, -;j pdaorafmtok75olq,[af0v’]t
[q[xt8y[afdkoD ]t[q[xt8y[afdko]uo5dgxaomujoypq,daos^kp0Bo.oxaf95[ao gonjv’9kd,u3xi
cdi,xtp5d8jk’M mulj k,kfgIaf;Pdgmy’]t[q[oU 3fpltgrkt3xicdi,.od5,j 0v’ dto6
(GNU sp=h,k9kd Gnu’s Not Unix) c]t lyj’le7aomujl5fd=7n]t[q[]uo5doU c9d.sh]hk
(freeware) \kp7;k,;kj z6h.-hlk,kfgvqk,k.-hwfh3fp[+8hv’glp7kj .-h9kj pD

]t[q[]uo5dlk,kfgIaf;Pdwfhgmy’-uru16s^kp8td5o g-ajoG vyogm; (PC Intel)?, vugv,fu
(AMD sp=h,k9kd Advanced Micro Devices)D g4y’c,jo;kj .o0totmuj]uo5dpa’[+
lk,kfcmomu]j t[q[xt8y[afdko;yo3f; gmy’7v,ry;g8ulj;o[5d7qo (PC sp=h,k9kd per-
sonal computer) wfhma’\qfd=8k, c8zj 6h.-h9eo;os^kpwfhrkdao,k.-h c]t -;j prafmtok
3xicdi,]yo5ds^kp0BoD

c,advyomvf (Macintosh) gxao]t[q[xt8y[afdkole]a[g7njv’w,37i7v,ry;g8u pujs=h
c,dvyomvfD l;j os^kp,ao4ndoewx.-h.o;Pd’kofhkodik2yd vvdc[[ c]t 9afc8j’
gvdtlkoD c,dvyomvfgxaomuoj ypq,dao.-h.oleoadry,8kj ’MD

xB,76,j n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             74

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

III. lnj c]t v5xtdvo

1. g9hp7e4k,7Qo7;hk mu !*D! c]t !(D!
2. xB,c[[IPo g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0kj ;lko c]t dkolnlj ko 0Ao ,D@
3. I6[rk[xtdv[ c]t czoj -ufu mu,j ugoNv.odPj ;0hv’ Xvu’8k,g’nvj ow0?

IV. ;ymudkofegouodkolvo

1. dkodtdP,
1.1 dtdP, g9hp7e4k,7Qo7;hk mu !*D! c]t !(D!D
1.2 dtdP,goNv.omudj jP;0hv’ g-yj’16.j oxB,c[[IPog8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lko -aho,af

mtpq,lbdlk8vo8Qo 0Ao ,D@ lhk’3fp lD;DlD
1.3 lhk’g7njv’,ngrnjvdko;af c]t xtg,uozqo8k,c8j]t0Ao8vo8k,7;k,g\ktlq,D
2. 0aho8vofegouodko
2.1 76lvooeg0qhkl6[j qfIPo 3fpdkom;o7nodPj ;da[[qfIPogdqkj D
2.2 76lvo.shoadIPo0Boltg|u[qfmuj8qogv’Ia[zyf-v[.og9hp7e4k,7Qo7;hk !*D! fh;p

dko9a[lts^kd s^n fh;pI6[dkovnjo 8k,7;k,g\ktlq,D
2.3 sâ’9kdltg|u[qfc]h; 76lvocotoe.sh,udkoxtdv[7;k,7yfgsao0v’oadIPo.o

shv’IPoD
2.4 76lvoIj;,da[oadIPolts^5[7nogoNv.o0v’[qfIPo c]t dkoxtdv[7;k,gsao

0v’oadIPo.oshv’ c]t 76lvoc-dgoNv.o0v’[qfmugj sao;kj pa’[+mao7q[4h;oD
2.5 grnjvgxaodkodtdP,.shdkoIPo0v’[qfIPo8+wxF djvo9t\qfg;]k pa’xt,ko &

sk !W okmuF 76lvoc9d1kp7e4k,7Qo7;hk !(D!.shc8j]td5,j mujwfh9afc[’j .o-qj;
3,’dvj oD 9kdoAoF .sh,v[7;k,Ia[zyf-v[fa’j oUG sq;|hkd5,j Ia[zyf-v[];, c]t
,u|hkmucj [j’xao;Pd.shlt,k-ydm5d7qo.od5,j D Iv’sq;|hkd5j,,u|hkmujgda[dezqo
’komulj t,k-ydIa[zyf-v[ma’\qf c]t lq,mq[da[sq;|hkd5,j xtg,uozqo7;k,shk;
sao.o|hk;Pdmu4j nd,v[\kp 3fp.shgxao7tcoo7;k,rtpkpk,D

xB,76j,n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             75

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

3. 0=hcotoe
.o0Ao8vodkofegouodkolvo vkflkp;yfu3v Xvu’8k,g’nvj ow0? mujwfhI;[I;,
gvqk0=h,6odPj ;da[goNv.o0v’[qfIPo s^n ltg|uI6[rk[mudj jP;0hv’da[[qfIPo grnvj -j;pdt85ho
7;k,lqo.90v’oadIPo.shs^kp0BoD
4. cs^j’0=h,6ogru,j g8u,
4hk,ug’nvj ow0 d=.shlbdlkgvqkgoNv.omujdPj ;0hv’9kds^kpcs^j’ g-ajoG 3m]trk[F ;ymtp5F
|a’lnry, c]t vyog8ucoafD

V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo

1. la’gdfdkoltg|u[qf0v’oadIPoD
2. la’gdfdko,ul;j oI;j ,.odyf9tde c]t dkoxtdv[7;k,7yfgsao0v’oadIPo

.oshv’D

xB,76,j n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             76

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

7e4k,7Qo7;hk mu !(D! g]nvj ’ -v[c;8q;cxrklk c]t rklkxkldko

sâ’9kdoadIPolbdlkgoNv.o0v’[qfIPo16jgInvo c]t lqomtokIj;,daoc]h;.sh
oadIPolts^5[lk]tle7ao fa’j 8+wxoUG
1. 7;k,\kp0v’-v[c;8q;cxrklk:

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

2. ]adltot];,0v’rklkxkldkoG

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

3. I6[c[[ c]t dkooe.-hrklkxkldkoG

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

xB,76,j n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             77

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

dyf9tde mu !(G -v[c;8q;cxrklk c]t rklkxkldko

g;]k ! -qj;3,’

I. 95fxtlq’

.shoadIPoI6hG
- 7;k,\kp0v’-v[c;cxrklkG
- ]adltot];,0v’rklkxkldko (Pascal programming language)F
- I6[c[[ c]t ]adltotdkooe.-hrklkxkldkoD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=

-v[c;8q;cxrklk gxao-v[c;muj.-h.odkocxrklk]tfa[l6’ .shgxaorklkg7nvj ’
grkt;kj rklk]tfa[l6’,us^kprklk c]t rklkgs^qkj oUlhk’0Bo,kgrnvj .shz6h0Po3xicdi,
0Po-5f7ela’j wfh’jkp g0Qk.9wfh 8ts^vf9qolk,kfxa[x5’cdhw0-v[c;.orkpsâ’wfhD

rklk]tfa[l6’murj afmtok0Bo,km5drklk 9t8hv’,u8q;cxrklkle]a[cxrklk]t
fa[l6’,kgxaorklkg7nvj ’D rklk]tfa[l6’muIj 6h9addaofu c]t oypq,.-hdaos^kp.oxaf95[ao 7nG
rklkxkldko (Pascal)F rklkg[-yd (BASIC)F rklk-u (C)F rklk3]3d (Logo)F
rklk9k;k (Java) c]tvnoj MD

III. lnj c]t v5xtdvo

1. g9hp7e4k,7Qo7;hk mu !(D! c]t !)D!
2. xB,c[[IPo g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lko c]t dkolnlj ko 0Ao ,D@
3. I6[rk[xtdv[ c]t czoj -ufu X;yfumaf? mu,j ugoNv.odjP;0hv’ Xvu’8k,g’nvj ow0?

IV. ;ymudkofegouodkolvo

1. dkodtdP,
1.1 dtdP, g9hp7e4k,7Qo7;hk mu !(D! c]t !)D!D
xB,76j,n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             78

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

1.2 dtdP,goNv.omudj Pj ;0hv’ g-yj’16j.oxB,c[[IPog8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0kj ;lko -aho,af
mtpq,lbdlk8vo8Qo 0Ao ,D@ lhk’3fp lD;DlD

1.3 lhk’g7nvj ’,ngrnjvdko;af c]t xtg,uozqo8k,c8]j t0Ao8vo8k,7;k,g\ktlq,D

2. 0aho8vofegouodko
2.1 76lvooeg0qhkl6[j qfIPo 3fpdkom;o7nodjP;da[[qfIPogdqkj D
2.2 76lvo.shoadIPo0Boltg|u[qfmuj8qogv’Ia[zyf-v[.og9hp7e4k,7Qo7;hk !(D! fh;p

dko9a[lts^kd s^n fh;pI6[dkovnoj 8k,7;k,g\ktlq,D
2.3 sâ’9kdltg|u[qfc]h; 76lvocotoe.sh,udkoxtdv[7;k,7yfgsao0v’oadIPo.o

shv’IPoD
2.4 76lvoI;j ,da[oadIPolts^5[7nogoNv.o0v’[qfIPo c]t dkoxtdv[7;k,gsao

0v’oadIPo.oshv’ c]t 76lvoc-dgoNv.o0v’[qfmugj sao;jk pa’[+mao7q[4h;oD
2.5 grnjvgxaodkodtdP,.shdkoIPo0v’[qfIPo8+wxF dvj o9t\qfg;]k pa’xt,ko &

sk !W okmuF 76lvoc9d1kp7e4k,7Qo7;hk !)D! .shc8j]td5,j mujwfh9afc[j’.o -qj;
3,’dvj oD 9kdoAoF .sh,v[7;k,Ia[zyf-v[fa’j oUG sq;|hkd5j,Ia[zyf-v[];, c]t
,u|hkmujc[’j xao;Pd.shlt,k-ydm5d7qo.od5j,D Iv’sq;|hkd5,j ,u|hkmujgda[dezqo
’komujlt,k-ydIa[zyf-v[ma’\qf c]t lq,mq[da[sq;|hkd5j,xtg,uozqo7;k,shk;
sao.o|hk;Pdmuj4nd,v[\kp 3fp.shgxao7tcoo7;k,rtpkpk,D

3. 0=hcotoe
.o0Ao8vodkofegouodkolvo vkflkp;yfu3v Xvu’8k,g’njvow0? muwj fhI;[I;,
gvqk0=h,6odPj ;da[goNv.o0v’[qfIPo s^n ltg|uI6[rk[mujdPj ;0hv’da[[qfIPo grnvj -;j pdt85ho
7;k,lqo.90v’oadIPo.shs^kp0BoD

xB,76,j n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             79

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

4. cs^’j 0=h,6ogru,j g8u,
4hk,ug’njvow0 d=.shlbdlkgvqkgoNv.omudj jP;0hv’9kds^kpcs^j’ g-aoj G 3m]trk[F ;ymtp5F
|a’lnry, c]t vyog8ucoafD

V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo

1. la’gdfdkoltg|u[qf0v’oadIPoD
2. la’gdfdko,ul;j oI;j ,.odyf9tde c]t dkoxtdv[7;k,7yfgsao0v’oadIPo

.oshv’D

xB,76,j n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             80

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

7e4k,7Qo7;hk mu !)D! g]nvj ’ rklkg[-yd c]t rklk-u

sâ’9kdoadIPolbdlkgoNv.o0v’[qfIPo16jgInvo c]t lqomtokI;j ,daoc]h;.sh
oadIPolts^5[lk]tle7ao faj’8+wxoUG
1. ]adltot];,0v’rklkg[-ydG

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

2. I6[c[[ c]t dkooe.-hrklkg[-yd G

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

3. ]adltot];,0v’rklk-uG

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

4. I6[c[[ c]t dkooe.-hrklk-u G

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

xB,76,j n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             81

dyf9tde mu !)G rklkg[-yd c]t rklk-u

g;]k ! -qj;3,’

I. 95fxtlq’

.shoadIPoI6hG
- ]adltot];,0v’rklkg[-yd c]t rklk-uF

- I6[c[[ c]t ]adltotdkooe.-hrklkg[-yd c]t rklk-uD

II. goNv.o8Qo8= ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

rklkg[-yd (BASIC) sp=h,k9kd Beginner’s All-purpose Symbolic Instruction
Code gxaorklkmujwfhlhk’0Bo.oxu !_*& muj ;ymtpkw]fk\5f (Dartmoth College)
xtgmfvkg,]ydkD 95fxtlq’grnjvlhk’oadIPomujlqo.91kd]yg]u,j .odko0Porklk3xicdi,D

rklk-u (C) wfhlhk’0Bo.o-5,xu !_(WF 95fxtlq’grnvj lq’j glu,.sh]t[q[xt8y[afdko
UNIXD rklk-u gxaorklk]tfa[l6’ muj.-h’jkp c]t lk,kfdt9kpdkooe.-hwfhmq;j wxD
,us^kpMrklkwfh.-h]tsaf c]t 37’lhk’0v’rklk-u g0Qk-;j pD

III. lnj c]t v5xtdvo

1. g9hp7e4k,7Qo7;hk mu !)D! c]t !_D!

2. xB,c[[IPo g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0kj ;lko c]t dkolnlj ko 0Ao ,D@

3. I6[rk[xtdv[ c]t czoj -ufu muj,ugoNv.odjP;0hv’ Xvu’8k,g’nvj ow0?

IV. ;ymudkofegouodkolvo

1. dkodtdP,
1.1 dtdP, g9hp7e4k,7Qo7;hk mu !)D! c]t !_D!D
1.2 dtdP,goNv.omudj Pj ;0hv’ g-yj’16j.oxB,c[[IPog8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lko -aho,af

mtpq,lbdlk8vo8Qo 0Ao ,D@ lhk’3fp lD;DlD

xB,76,j n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             82

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

1.3 lhk’g7njv’,ngrnjvdko;af c]t xtg,uozqo8k,c8]j t0Ao8vo8k,7;k,g\ktlq,D
2. 0aho8vofegouodko
2.1 76lvooeg0qhkl6j[qfIPo 3fpdkom;o7nodPj ;da[[qfIPogdqkj D
2.2 76lvo.shoadIPo0Boltg|u[qfmu8j qogv’Ia[zyf-v[.og9hp7e4k,7Qo7;hk !)D! fh;p

dko9a[lts^kd s^n fh;pI6[dkovnjo 8k,7;k,g\ktlq,D
2.3 sâ’9kdltg|u[qfc]h; 76lvocotoe.sh,udkoxtdv[7;k,7yfgsao0v’oadIPo.o

shv’IPoD
2.4 76lvoI;j ,da[oadIPolts^5[7nogoNv.o0v’[qfIPo c]t dkoxtdv[7;k,gsao

0v’oadIPo.oshv’ c]t 76lvoc-dgoNv.o0v’[qfmugj sao;jk pa’[+mao7q[4h;oD
2.5 grnvj gxaodkodtdP,.shdkoIPo0v’[qfIPo8+wxF dvj o9t\qfg;]k pa’xt,ko &

sk !W okmuF 76lvoc9d1kp7e4k,7Qo7;hk !_D! .shc8]j td5,j mujwfh9afc[j’.o-q;j
3,’djvoD 9kdoAoF .sh,v[7;k,Ia[zyf-v[faj’oUG sq;|hkd5,j Ia[zyf-v[];, c]t
,u|hkmucj [j’xao;Pd.shlt,k-ydm5d7qo.od5j,D Iv’sq;|hkd5,j ,u|hkmujgda[dezqo
’komujlt,k-ydIa[zyf-v[ma’\qf c]t lq,mq[da[sq;|hkd5,j xtg,uozqo7;k,shk;
sao.o|hk;Pdmu4j nd,v[\kp 3fp.shgxao7tcoo7;k,rtpkpk,D

3. cs^’j 0=h,6ogru,j g8u,
4hk,ug’njvow0 d=.shlbdlkgvqkgoNv.omudj jP;0hv’9kds^kpcs^’j g-ajoG 3m]trk[F ;ymtp5F
|a’lnry, c]t vyog8ucoafD

V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo

1. la’gdfdkoltg|u[qf0v’oadIPoD
2. la’gdfdko,ul;j oIj;,.odyf9tde c]t dkoxtdv[7;k,7yfgsao0v’oadIPo

.oshv’D

xB,76,j n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             83

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

7e4k,7Qo7;hk mu !_D! g]njv’ rklk3]3d

sâ’9kdoadIPolbdlkgoNv.o0v’[qfIPo16gj Invo c]t lqomtokIj;,daoc]h;.sh
oadIPolts^5[lk]tle7ao fa’j 8+wxoUG

1. ]adltot0v’rklk3]3d:

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

2. I6[c[[ c]t dkooe.-h7elaj’rNo4ko0v’rklk3]3d G

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

3. 4hkry,7ela’j FORWARD 30 RIGHT 90 FORWARD 30 LEFT 90 BACK 30
zqomujwfh9tvvd,kgxaoG

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

4. 4hk1kdlhk’I6[ S c]t 9t.-h7ela’j .oI6[c[[.fL

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

xB,76,j n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             84

dyf9tde mu !_ c]t @WG rklk3]3d (Logo) g;]k @ -q;j 3,’

I. 95fxtlq’

.shoadIPoI6hG
- ]adltot];,0v’rklk3]3dD
- I6[c[[ c]t dkooe.-h7elaj’rNo4ko0v’rklk3]3dD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=

rklk3]3d (Logo) gxaorklkmuj,u7ela’j c[[g0Qk.9’jkp c]t gxao7ela’j mujlaj’.sh8q;-U

X8q;g8qjk? g7nvj omuwj x,k8k,7;k,8hv’dkoD dko.-h3xicdi, oU-;j p.shoadIPoI6hlbd,;j o

-noj c]t ,u7;k,g0Qk.9.og]nvj ’g]0k7toyfwfhfuD

III. lnj c]t v5xtdvo ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

1. g9hp7e4k,7Qo7;hk mu !_D! c]t @!D!

2. xB,c[[IPo g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0kj ;lko c]t dkolnjlko 0Ao ,D@

3. I6[rk[xtdv[ c]t czoj -ufu X;yfumaf? muj,ugoNv.odjP;0hv’ Xvu’8k,g’njvow0?

IV. ;ymudkofegouodkolvo

1. dkodtdP,
1.1 dtdP, g9hp7e4k,7Qo7;hk mu !_D! c]t @!D!D
1.2 dtdP,goNv.omujdPj ;0hv’ g-y’j 16.j oxB,c[[IPog8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lko -aho,af

mtpq,lbdlk8vo8Qo 0Ao ,D@ lhk’3fp lD;DlD
1.3 lhk’g7njv’,ngrnvj dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo8k,c8j]t0Ao8vo8k,7;k,g\ktlq,D
1.4 8yf8A’3xicdi, MSWLogo ]q’.lj.og7nvj ’7v,ry;g8umuj9t.shoadIPowfhg/yddko

oe.-h g-yj’3xicdi,faj’djk;lk,kfgvqkwfhmuGj

http://th.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Softrinic&action=edit&redlink=1

xB,76j,n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             85

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

2. 0aho8vofegouodko
2.1 76lvooeg0qhkl6j[qfIPo 3fpdkom;o7nodPj ;da[[qfIPogdqjkD
2.2 76lvo.shoadIPo0Boltg|u[qfmu8j qogv’Ia[zyf-v[.og9hp7e4k,7Qo7;hk !_D! fh;p

dko9a[lts^kd s^n fh;pI6[dkovnoj 8k,7;k,g\ktlq,D
2.3 sa^’9kdltg|u[qfc]h; 76lvocotoe.sh,udkoxtdv[7;k,7yfgsao0v’oadIPo.o

shv’IPoD
2.4 76lvoIj;,da[oadIPolts^5[7nogoNv.o0v’[qfIPo c]t dkoxtdv[7;k,gsao

0v’oadIPo.oshv’ c]t 76lvoc-dgoNv.o0v’[qfmugj sao;kj pa’[+mao7q[4h;oD
2.5 .o-qj;3,’mu @F 76lvolkmyf;ymudkog0QkskF gxuf{xyf c]t dkooe.-h7elaj’

rNo4ko0v’3xicdi,3]3dD sâ’9kdoAoF 76oerkoadIPog/ydoe.-h3xicdi,
3fpc[j’ ;Pd.shoadIPogIafgxaod5j,D
2.6 76l5j,gvqk8k’|hkoadIPo.oc8]j td5j,0Booeltg|uzqo’koD
2.7 76lvo c]t oadIPo-j;pdaolts^5[;ymudkogxuf{xyf 3xicdi, c]t 37’lhk’
0v’3xicdi, I;,g4y’dkooe.-h7ela’j rNo4ko0v’3xicdi,D
2.8 grnjvgxaodkodtdP,.shdkoIPo0v’[qfIPo8+wxF dvj o9t\qfg;]k pa’xt,ko &
sk !W okmuF 76lvoc9d1kp7e4k,7Qo7;hk @!D! .shc8]j td5j,mujwfh9afc[j’.o-qj;
3,’djvoD 9kdoAoF .sh,v[7;k,Ia[zyf-v[fa’j oUG sq;|hkd5,j Ia[zyf-v[];, c]t
,u|hkmucj [’j xao;Pd.shlt,k-ydm5d7qo.od5,j D Iv’sq;|hkd5j,,u|hkmujgda[dezqo
’komujlt,k-ydIa[zyf-v[ma’\qf c]t lq,mq[da[sq;|hkd5,j xtg,uozqo7;k,shk;
sao.o|hk;Pdmuj4nd,v[\kp 3fp.shgxao7tcoo7;k,rtpkpk,D

3. 0=hcotoe
76lvovkf-vd8q;1kj ’muj0Pofh;p3xicdi,rklk3]3d ,kltg|u.shoadIPog[yj’djvo
mu9j t.shoadIPo]q’,ng/ydsafdkooe.-h grnjv-;j pdt85ho7;k,lqo.90v’oadIPo.shs^kp0BoD

xB,76,j n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             86

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

4. cs^’j 0=h,6ogru,j g8u,
4hk,ug’nvj ow0 d=.shlbdlkgvqkgoNv.omudj jP;0hv’9kds^kpcs^j’ g-aoj G 3m]trk[F ;ymtp5F
|a’lnry, c]t vyog8ucoafD

V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo

1. la’gdfdkoltg|u[qf0v’oadIPoD
2. la’gdfdko,ulj;oI;j ,.odyf9tde c]t dkoxtdv[7;k,7yfgsao0v’oadIPo

.oshv’D

|hk8jk’0v’3xicdi, MSWLogo

xB,76j,n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             87

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

7e4k,7Qo7;hk mu @!D! g]njv’ rklk9k;k

sâ’9kdoadIPolbdlkgoNv.o0v’[qfIPo16gj Invo c]t lqomtokI;j ,daoc]h;.sh
oadIPolts^5[lk]tle7ao faj’8+wxoUG
1. ]adltot0v’rklk9k;k:

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

2. xts;afdkorafmtok0v’rklk9k;kG

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

3. I6[c[[ c]t dkooe.-h7ela’j 0v’rklk9k;kG

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

4. 7;k,c8d8kj ’]ts;jk’ 9k;kxtc]af2v, c]t rklk9k;kG

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

xB,76,j n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             88

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

dyf9tde mu @!G rklk9k;k (Java programming language)

g;]k ! -qj;3,’

I. 95fxtlq’

.shoadIPoI6hG
- ]adltot0v’rklk9k;kD
- rafmtokdko0v’rklk9k;kD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=

rklk9k;k (Java) gxaorklkmuoj ypq,.-h.odkorafmtok3xicdi,oe.-h8kj ’M
.oxaf95[aoD gonvj ’9kd,ao,u75olq,[afmujlk,kf.-hgmy’]t[q[xt8y[afdko.fd=wfh c]t gxaoI6[
c[[0v’dkorafmtokrklk.omk’;af45 mujlk,kfoe3xicdi,gfu,,k.-h.\wj fhD 3xi
cdi,oU rafmtok3fp mkj o g9, dvflt]y’ c]t ;ylt;tdvo0v’ -aow,37i-ulg8a, (Sun
Microsystems)D rklkoU 4ndrafmtok0Bo.oxu !__! 3fpgxaol;j o|bj’0v’37’dko lu0P;
(the Green Project) c]t leg]afvvdl6zj 6h.-hmqj;wx .oxu !__&D ,ao4ndlhk’0Bo,k
grnvj 95fxtlq’.odko.-hcmorklk-u[;d[;d (C++) fh;pI6[c[[mugj ruj,8n,j 0Bo7hkp7nda[
rklk-u .oI6[c[[;af45 (Objective-C)D

III. lnj c]t v5xtdvo

1. g9hp7e4k,7Qo7;hk mu @!D! c]t @@D!
2. xB,c[[IPo g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0kj ;lko c]t dkolnjlko 0Ao ,D@
3. I6[rk[xtdv[ c]t czoj -ufu muj,ugoNv.odjP;0hv’ Xvu’8k,g’nvj ow0?

IV. ;ymudkofegouodkolvo

1. dkodtdP,
1.1 dtdP, g9hp7e4k,7Qo7;hk mu @!D! c]t @@D!

xB,76,j n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             89

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

1.2 dtdP,goNv.omudj jP;0hv’ g-yj’16.j oxB,c[[IPog8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lko -aho,af
mtpq,lbdlk8vo8Qo 0Ao ,D@ lhk’3fp lD;DlD

1.3 lhk’g7nvj ’,ngrnvj dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo8k,c8j]t0Ao8vo8k,7;k,g\ktlq,D
2. 0aho8vofegouodko
2.1 76lvooeg0qhkl6[j qfIPo 3fpdkom;o7nodjP;da[[qfIPogdqkj D
2.2 76lvo.shoadIPo0Boltg|u[qfmuj8qogv’Ia[zyf-v[.og9hp7e4k,7Qo7;hk @!D! fh;p

dko9a[lts^kd s^n fh;pI6[dkovnjo 8k,7;k,g\ktlq,D
2.3 sa^’9kdltg|u[qfc]h; 76lvocotoe.sh,udkoxtdv[7;k,7yfgsao0v’oadIPo.o

shv’IPoD
2.4 76lvoI;j ,da[oadIPolts^5[7nogoNv.o0v’[qfIPo c]t dkoxtdv[7;k,gsao

0v’oadIPo.oshv’ c]t 76lvoc-dgoNv.o0v’[qfmujgsao;jk pa’[+mao7q[4h;oD
2.5 grnvj gxaodkodtdP,.shdkoIPo0v’[qfIPo8+wxF djvo9t\qfg;]k pa’xt,ko &

sk !W okmuF 76lvoc9d1kp7e4k,7Qo7;hk @@D! .shc8j]td5,j mujwfh9afc[’j .o-qj;
3,’dvj oD 9kdoAoF .sh,v[7;k,Ia[zyf-v[fa’j oUG sq;|hkd5,j Ia[zyf-v[];, c]t
,u|hkmujc[j’xao;Pd.shlt,k-ydm5d7qo.od5j,D Iv’sq;|hkd5,j ,u|hkmujgda[dezqo
’komulj t,k-ydIa[zyf-v[ma’\qf c]t lq,mq[da[sq;|hkd5j,xtg,uozqo7;k,shk;
sao.o|hk;Pdmuj4nd,v[\kp 3fp.shgxao7tcoo7;k,rtpkpk,D

3. cs^’j 0=h,6ogruj,g8u,
4hk,ug’nvj ow0 d=.shlbdlkgvqkgoNv.omujdjP;0hv’9kds^kpcs^’j g-ajoG 3m]trk[F ;ymtp5F
|a’lnry, c]t vyog8ucoafD

V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo

1. la’gdfdkoltg|u[qf0v’oadIPoD
la’gdfdko,ul;j oI;j ,.odyf9tde c]t dkoxtdv[7;k,7yfgsao0v’oadIPo
.oshv’D

xB,76j,n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             90

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

7e4k,7Qo7;hk mu @@D! g]njv’ -v[c;xtp5d}-v[c;xt,;o7ela[

sâ’9kdoadIPolbdlkgoNv.o0v’[qfIPo16gj Invo c]t lqomtokIj;,daoc]h;.sh
oadIPolts^5[lk]tle7ao fa’j 8+wxoUG
1. 7;k,\kp0v’-v[c;xtp5d:

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

2. dkoc[’j -toyf0v’-v[c;xtp5d.odkooe.-hmq;j wxG

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

3. ]adltot];,0v’-v[c;xt,;o7ela[G

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

4. dkooe.-h-v[c;xt,;o7ela[-j;p.odkoIPoG

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

xB,76,j n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             91

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

dyf9tde mu @@G -v[c;xtp5d}-v[c;xt,;o7ela[

g;]k ! -qj;3,’

I. 95fxtlq’

.shoadIPoI6hG
- 7;k,\kp0v’-v[c;xtp5dD
- -toyf0v’-v[c;xtp5d8k,dkooe.-hmq;j wxD
- ]adltot];, c]t dkooe.-h0AorNo4ko0v’-v[c;xt,;o7ela[D

II. goNv.o8Qo8=

-v[c;xtp5d vkf9tgxao-v[c;leg]afI6[muj,uz6hrafmtok,kc]h; grnvj .-h;Pd mq;j wxF
gIaf.sh;Pd’koltf;d0Bo s^n vkf9tgxao-v[c;.-hltgrkt g-y’j z6h.-hgxaoz6hrafmtok
0Bo,kgv’ grnvj .shg\ktlq,da[ltrk[dkogIaf;Pd’ko0v’8qogv’D

-v[c;xt,;o7ela[ gxao-v[c;xtp5dmu.j -hle]a[dko8ury,gvdtlko lk,kf
cdhw0F gru,j F lvfc-dF ]b[ c]t 9afI6[c[[gvdtlkowfhD gvdtlkomujry, c]t 9afgxao
leo;o s^n gxaoc2h,0=h,6oc]h; lk,kfgvUo,kcdhw0.\wj fhD

III. lnj c]t v5xtdvo

1. g9hp7e4k,7Qo7;hk mu @@D! c]t @#D!
2. xB,c[[IPo g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0kj ;lko c]t dkolnjlko 0Ao ,D@
3. I6[rk[xtdv[ c]t czjo-ufu mu,j ugoNv.odPj ;0hv’ Xvu’8k,g’njvow0?

IV. ;ymudkofegouodkolvo

1. dkodtdP,
1.1 dtdP, g9hp7e4k,7Qo7;hk mu @@D! c]t @#D!D
1.2 dtdP,goNv.omudj Pj ;0hv’ g-y’j 16j.oxB,c[[IPog8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0kj ;lko -aho,af

mtpq,lbdlk8vo8Qo 0Ao ,D@ lhk’3fp lD;DlD

xB,76,j n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             92

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

1.3 lhk’g7njv’,ngrnvj dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo8k,c8]j t0Ao8vo8k,7;k,g\ktlq,D

2. 0aho8vofegouodko
2.1 76lvooeg0qhkl6[j qfIPo 3fpdkom;o7nodPj ;da[[qfIPogdqkj D
2.2 76lvo.shoadIPo0Boltg|u[qfmuj8qogv’Ia[zyf-v[.og9hp7e4k,7Qo7;hk @@D! fh;p

dko9a[lts^kd s^n fh;pI6[dkovnoj 8k,7;k,g\ktlq,D
2.3 sâ’9kdltg|u[qfc]h; 76lvocotoe.sh,udkoxtdv[7;k,7yfgsao0v’oadIPo.o

shv’IPoD
2.4 76lvoI;j ,da[oadIPolts^5[7nogoNv.o0v’[qfIPo c]t dkoxtdv[7;k,gsao

0v’oadIPo.oshv’ c]t 76lvoc-dgoNv.o0v’[qfmugj sao;kj pa’[+mao7q[4h;oD
@D& grnvj gxaodkodtdP,.shdkoIPo0v’[qfIPo8+wxF djvo9t\qfg;]k pa’xt,ko &

sk !W okmuF 76lvoc9d1kp7e4k,7Qo7;hk @#D! .shc8]j td5j,mujwfh9afc[’j .o-q;j
3,’dvj oD 9kdoAoF .sh,v[7;k,Ia[zyf-v[faj’oUG sq;|hkd5,j Ia[zyf-v[];,
c]t ,u|hkmujc[j’xao;Pd.shlt,k-ydm5d7qo.od5j,D Iv’sq;|hkd5j,,u|hkmugj da[de
zqo’komulj t,k-ydIa[zyf-v[ma’\qf c]t lq,mq[da[sq;|hkd5,j xtg,uozqo7;k,
shk; sao.o|hk;Pdmu4j nd,v[\kp 3fp.shgxao7tcoo7;k,rtpkpk,D

3. 0=hcotoe
76lvovkflkp;yfu3v Xvu’8k,g’nvj ow0? muj,ugoNv.odjP;0hv’da[[qfIPo s^n 76lvo
vkfg]nvdgvqk3xicdi,xt,;o7ela[muj,u.og7njv’7v,ry;g8u g-aoj MS Office Word c]t
lkmyf;ymudkooe.-h0AorNo4ko0v’3xicdi,.shoadIPog[y’j grnvj .shoadIPog0Qk.9’kj p
c]t -j;pdt85ho7;k,lqo.90v’g0qkg9Qk.shs^kp0BoD

xB,76j,n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             93

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

4. cs^j’0=h,6ogruj,g8u,
4hk,ug’nvj ow0 d=.shlbdlkgvqkgoNv.omudj jP;0hv’9kds^kpcs^j’ g-aoj G 3m]trk[F ;ymtp5F
|a’lnry, c]t vyog8ucoafD

V. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo

1. la’gdfdkoltg|uD
2. la’gdfdko,ul;j oIj;,.odyf9tde c]t dkoxtdv[7;k,7yfgsaoD

-v[c;xt,;o7ela[ MS Word

xB,76,j n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             94

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

7e4k,7Qo7;hk mu @#D! g]nvj ’ -v[c;8k8t]k’7eo;o

sâ’9kdoadIPolbdlkgoNv.o0v’[qfIPo16jgInvo c]t lqomtokIj;,daoc]h;.sh
oadIPolts^5[lk]tle7ao fa’j 8+wxoUG
1. ]adltot];,0v’-v[c;8k8t]k’7eo;oG

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

2. I6[c[[ c]t dkooe.-h0AorNo4ko0v’-v[c;8k8t]k’7eo;oG

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

3. dkooe.-h-v[c;8k8t]k’7eo;o-;j p.odkoIPoG

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

xB,76j,n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             95

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

dyf9tde mu @#G -v[c;8k8t]k’7eo;o (Spread Sheet)

g;]k ! -qj;3,’

I. 95fxtlq’

.shoadIPoI6h]adltot];, c]t dkooe.-h0AorNo4ko0v’-v[c;8k8t]k’7eo;oD

II. goNv.o8Qo8=

-v[c;8k8t]k’7eo;o gxao-v[c;oe.-hmu-j j;p.odko7yf7eo;o lk,kfla’j .sh
7eo;o8k,l6f s^n g’njvow0mudj eoqfD ovd9kdoU 3xicdi,pa’lk,kflhk’glAoltcf’F
czor6,le]a[oeltg|u.oI6[c[[8kj ’M g-ajoG czor6,mjvoF ;q’dq,F dik2glAo c]tvnoj MD

III. lnj c]t v5xtdvo

1. g9hp7e4k,7Qo7;hk mu @#D! c]t @$D!
2. xB,c[[IPo g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lko c]t dkolnjlko 0Ao ,D@
3. I6[rk[xtdv[ c]t czoj -ufu mu,j ugoNv.odjP;0hv’ Xvu’8k,g’njvow0?

IV. ;ymudkofegouodkolvo

1. dkodtdP,
1.1 dtdP, g9hp7e4k,7Qo7;hk mu @#D! c]t @$D!D
1.2 dtdP,goNv.omudj jP;0hv’ g-yj’16.j oxB,c[[IPog8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0kj ;lko -aho,af

mtpq,lbdlk8vo8Qo 0Ao ,D@ lhk’3fp lD;DlD
1.3 lhk’g7nvj ’,ngrnvj dko;af c]t xtg,uozqo8k,c8]j t0Ao8vo8k,7;k,g\ktlq,D

2. 0aho8vofegouodko
2.1 76lvooeg0qhkl6j[qfIPo 3fpdkom;o7nodjP;da[[qfIPogdqjkD
2.2 76lvo.shoadIPo0Boltg|u[qfmu8j qogv’Ia[zyf-v[.og9hp7e4k,7Qo7;hk @#D! fh;p

dko9a[lts^kd s^n fh;pI6[dkovnjo 8k,7;k,g\ktlq,D

xB,76j,n76 ICT ,D@                                                                                                                             96

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