ວິຊາເຕັກໂນໂລຊີ ຂໍ້ມູນຂ່າວສານ ແລະ ການສື່ສານ ມ.1

c[[IPo

g8ad3o3]-u0h=,6o0kj ;lko c]t
dkolnjlko (ICT)

-Ao,afmtpq,lbdlk xumu !

IP[IP’3fpG mkj o 9aomt]k ry]q,]klad XlD;Dl?

d;fcdh3fpG IDl ok’ dq’.9 lul5ikf X,tsk;ymtw] cs’j -kf?
mjko l5dlts;ao rvogm;k XlD;Dl?

g0Qk|hk3fpG mjko 9aomt]k ry]q,]klad XlD;Dl?

dt-;’lbdlkmydko
lt4k[ao7Qo7;hk ;ymtpklkf dkolbdlk

@W!W

7eoe
xN,c[[IPo;y-kg8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0kj ;lko c]t dkolnlj kogs^A,oUwfhIa[dkoIP[IP’
0BogrnjvdkoIPodkolvo8k,czoxt8yI6[s^adl6flk,aolbdlk xu @WW_ 0v’;y-kg8ad3o3]-u
0=h,6o0kj ;lko c]t dkolnlj ko-Ao,afmtpq,lbdlk8vo8QoD .oxN,c[[IPog8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o
0jk;lko c]t dkolnlj ko-Ao,afmtpq,lbdlkxumu ! oUF cdo0v’s^adl6fxtdv[fh;pgoNv.o
.spj7nG

{ 7;k,I6hrNo4kodjP;da[g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lko c]t dkolnlj koD
{ 0=h,6o c]t 0=h,6o0jk;lkoD
{ rafmtokdko0v’7v,ry;g8uD
{ xtgrfF 7;k,lk,kf c]t I6[c[[dkoxt,;ozqo0v’7v,ry;g8uD
{ [5d7t]kdvo c]t 9t]yptmemk’fhko7v,ry;g8uD

xN,c[[IPogs^A,oUwfhIa[dkoIP[IP’0Bo grnvj .shoadIPo.-hgxao76j,ndkoIPo;y-kg8ad
3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lko ma’gxaodko-;j p.sh76lvo8k,s^addkoIPodkolvoc[[gvqkoadIPo
gxao.9dk’ 3fp.shoadIPolbdlk7Qo7;hkF xt8y[af8q;9y’F lhk’ c]t 7Qorq[7;k,I6h
fh;p8qogv’gxaol;j o.spj rkp.8hdko.sh7exbdlk c]t cotoe0v’76D faj’oAoF [qfIPo
c8j]t[qf0v’xN,gs^A,oU 9bj’xtdv[wxfh;p.97;k,[qfIPoF dyf9tde c]t 7e4k,7Qo7;hkD
dkola[-hvo[qf c]t goNv.o[qfIPo c,oj vu’.ljltrk[95fryglf0v’oadIPo c]t 7;k,
gxao9y’0v’dkoIPodkolvo;y-kg8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lko c]t dkolnjlko.oxtgmfgIqkD
gonjv’9kdxN,c[[IPog8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0kj ;lko c]t dkolnlj kole]a[-Ao,afmtpq,lbdlk
xumu ! wfhIa[dkoIP[IP’0Bogxao7A’mevyf 9bj’[+xklt9kd0=h0kf8qd[qdzvj ’wfhD ltoAoF
9b’j 0=7;k,Ij;,,noemjkoz6h.-hxN,gs^A,oU 9q’j -j;pla’gdf95f[qdrjv’ s^n 95fzyfrkfmuj,u16j.o
xN,gs^A,oU c]h;lqj’7;k,7yfgsao0v’mjkowxpa’lt4k[ao7Qo7;hk;ymtpklkfdkolbdlk grnjv
xa[x5’.shfud;kj gdqjk.odkory,7A’8+wxD

lt4k[ao7Qo7;hk;ymtpklkfdkolbdlk

lk]t[ko ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

[qfmu ! 7;k,I6hrNo4kodjP;da[g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0kj ;lko c]t dkolnjlko ................. 1 

1.  7;k,\kpdjP;da[g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lko c]t dkolnjlko .................................. 2 
2.  [qf[kfle7ao0v’g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lko c]t dkolnlj ko ................................... 7 
3.  ]adltotle7ao0v’g8ad3o3]-u0h=,6o0jk;lko .................................................... 10 
4.  zqodtmq[0v’g8ad3o3]-u0h=,6o0jk;lko .......................................................... 14 

[qfmu @ 0=h,6o c]t 0=h,6o0jk;lko....................................................................20 

1.  0=h,6o (Data) ........................................................................................ 21 
2.  0=h,6o0jk;lko (Information)...................................................................... 22 
3.  ]t[q[0=h,6o0kj ;lko (Information System)...................................................... 23 
4.  l;j oxtdv[0v’]t[q[0=h,6o0jk;lko............................................................. 26 
5.  xtgrf0v’0=h,6o.................................................................................... 28 
6.  dkoxt,;ozqo0=h,6o ............................................................................... 29 
7.  ;ymudkoxt,;ozqo0=h,6o............................................................................ 30 
8.  dko9afdko0=h,6o0jk;lko ........................................................................ 32 
9.  dkocmo0=h,6o...................................................................................... 33 
10.  c2h,0=h,6o........................................................................................... 36 

[qfmu # dko0tspkp8q;0v’7v,ry;g8u ..........................................................39 

1.  g7nvj ’7eo;o.op5dxts;aflkf ................................................................... 39 
2.  7v,ry;g8u.op5dl6opkdkf X7Dl !_$W{!_&#? ................................................... 46 
3.  7v,ry;g8u.op5dmiko-ufltg8u X7Dl !_&#{!_*#?............................................... 51 
4.  7v,ry;g8u.op5d;q’9vo];, X7Dl !_*#{!_(@? ................................................. 52 

5.  7v,ry;g8u.op5d ;ucv;gvlwv (VLSI= Very Large Scale Intergrated Circuit)................54 
6.  7v,ry;g8u.op5dg7nv0jkp .......................................................................... 56 
7.  g8ad3o3]-ulnjxtlq, (Multimedia) ................................................................. 57

xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D! i

[qfmu $ xtgrfF 7;k,lk,kf c]t I6[c[[dkoxt,;ozqo0v’7v,ry;g8u..............59 

1.  xtgrf0v’7v,ry;g8u ............................................................................. 59 
2.  7;k,lk,kf0v’7v,ry;g8u .....................................................................67 
3.  I6[c[[dkoxt,;ozqo0v’7v,ry;g8u ........................................................... 69 

[qfmu & [5d7t]kdvo c]t 9t]yptmemk’fhko7v,ry;g8u....................................74 

1.  [5d7t]kdvo.o;q’dko7v,ry;g8u ...............................................................74 
2.  vk-u[mudj jP;0hv’da[7v,ry;g8u.................................................................... 76 
3.  9t]yptmemk’fhko7v,ry;g8u (Computer Ethnics) ............................................ 89 

xt,;o7ela[............................................................................................ 94 
lk]t[koI6[............................................................................................ 95 
cs^j’vhk'vu' ............................................................................................. 97 

g;a[w-G......................................................................................................97 
gvdtlkoG ..............................................................................................97 
ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D! ii

[qfmu !ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

7;k,I6hrNo4kodPj ;da[g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0kj ;lko c]t dkolnlj ko

zkj odkoIPo[qfoU oadIPolk,kfG

• g0Qk.97;k,\kp0AorNo4kodjP;da[g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0kj ;lko c]t dkolnlj ko
• [vd]adltotle7ao0v’7v,ry;g8u.oc8j]tp5d
• I6h7;k,\kpdPj ;da[g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0kj ;lko c]t dkolnjlko
• g0Qk.9[qf[kfle7ao0v’g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lko c]t dkolnlj ko
• vtmy[kp]adltotle7ao0v’g8ad3o3]-u0h=,6o0kj ;lko
• I6hzqodtmq[0v’g8ad3o3]-u0h=,6o0kj ;lko8+-u;yf c]t dkorafmtok

7e4k,7Qo7;hkG

• g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lko c]t dkolnlj ko ,u7;k,\kpco;.fL
• g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0kj ;lko c]t dkolnjlko ,u7;k,le7aoco;.f8+rafmtokdko.o

;Pd’kofhko8jk’M c]t dkofe]q’-u;yf0v’,to5fL

d=]toulbdlkG

oadIPo]v’7yfg[yj’;jk 7qogIqkm5d,NoU ,ul;j orq;raoda[g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lko c]t
dkolnlj koco;.fL c]t 4hk0kfr;d,aowxF dkorafmtok.ofhko8jk’M g-aoj fP;da[
dkofe]q’-u;yf0v’,to5f.oxaf95[ao d=7n.ovtok7qf0hk’|hk9tgxaoco;.fL

xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D! 1

1. 7;k,\kpdPj ;da[g8ad3o3]-u10=h,6o0kj ;lko c]t dkolnjlko ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

7e;jk “g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lko c]t dkolnlj ko” gxao7ela[mujxtdv[,k9kd
g8ad3o3]-u XTechnology?F 0=h,6o0jk;lko XInformation? muj,ugoNv.o lk]txt3spf c]t
dkolnlj ko XCommunication?D grnjv.sh,u7;k,g0Qk.9 3fpxaflt9kd7;k,la[lqoF r;dgIqk
,kg]uj,8Qolbdlk7;k,\kp0v’ c8]j t7ela[8k,]efa[faj’oUG

dD 7;k,\kp0v’g8ad3o3]-u
g,njvdkj ;g4y’ g8ad3o3]-u 7qolj;os^kp,ad9t7yfg4y’ly’j mujdjP;0hv’da[g7njv’,n s^n v5xt

dvo.\Mj mujmaoltw\ ,u]k7kcr’ ,u]t[q[dkogIaf;Pdmusj p5h’pkdla[-hvo g-yj’
g,nvj oe,k.-hc]h; lk,kf-;j p.shdkogIaf;PdoAoM ,uxtlyfmyrk[fu0Bo c]t xtlyf
myzqol6’0Bo oa[ma’xtspafg;]k c]t cI’’kovudfh;pD co;.fd=8k, “g8ad3o3]-u”
gxao7emuj,k9kd rklk]k8uo c]t rklkdiud 7nG rklk]k8uo 7n Texere Xg8adc-i?
\kpg4y’dkolko (to weave) dkolhk’ (to construct) c]t rklkdiud 7n Technologia
Xg8ad3o3]g-p? c,oj dkogIaf1jk’,u]t[q[ (Systematic Treatment)D

g8ad3o3]-u [+wfh,u7;k,\kpltgrktdko.-hg7nvj ’dqo9adrP’1kj ’fP; c8jpa’];,
wxg4y’dkoxt8y[af s^n fegouodko.fM muj.-h7;k,I6h ;ymudko s^n g8adoydmk’fhko;ymtpklkf
grnvj -j;p.shdkofegouodko8kj ’M [ao]5zqoD

g8ad3o3]-u \kpg4y’dkoxtp5dgvqk7;k,I6hfhko;ymtpklkf,k.-h.shgdufxt3spf.o
dkolbdlkrafmtok7;k,I6h8kj ’M grnjv.shg0Qk.9me,t-kfdqfgdo0v’lyj’8kj ’M c]t sk
mk’oe,kxtp5d.shgdufxt3spf g8ad3o3]-u 9bj’gxao7emu,j u7;k,\kpd;hk’D

1 vjko8k,lP’rklk/iaj’ c]t vu’.ljdko8A’-nj0v’ vq’dko;ymtpklkf c]t lyj’c;f]hv, muwj fhoe.-h7eoU gxaomk’
dko,kdvj oc]h;

xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D! 2

I6[ !D! dkoles^;fvk;tdkf c,oj g8ad3o3]-u mujgxao|hklqo.9.oxaf95[ao

3fpvu’8k,7;k,\kpzkj o,k9kds^kpM mkj o r=lts^5[wfh;kj G
g8ad3o3]-u gxaodkooegvqkco;7yfF s^addkoF g8adoydF 7;k,I6hF ]t[P[;ymu c]t
0t[;odko 9qog4y’zqozt]yfmk’;ymtpklkf ma’.ofhkoly’j xtfyf c]t ;ymuxt8y[af,k
xtp5d.-h.o]t[q[dko’ko grnjv-j;p.shgdufdkoxjPocx’.odkogIaf;Pd’ko.shfu0Bo c]t
grnvj gru,j xtlyfmyrk[ c]t xtlyfmyzqo0v’;Pd’ko.shs^kp0BoD
ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

I6[ !D@ dq’]=h{g8ad3o3]-umu,j udkorafmtok8A’c8jltw\[6Iko

xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D! 3

0D 7;k,\kp0v’0=h,6o0jk;lko
0h=,6o0jk;lko\kpg4y’ 0=h,6omujzkj odkoxt,;ozqo c]t gxaoxt3spf8+dkooe.-h

grnjvdkofe]q’-u;yf0v’,to5fD ,to5fc8j]t7qo8A’c8gj duf,k wfhIPoI6hly’j 8jk’M gxao9eo;o
s^;’s^kp g-aoj G IPoI6hltrk[la’7q,7;k,gxao16Fj dqfgdo c]t ;y-kdkogxao8QoD 4hk9yo8t
okdkog[yj’;jk rkp.olt\v’0v’gIqkgda[0=h,6ovao.fwfhcfj r;dgIqk[+lk,kf8v[wfh
c8jlk,kfgvUogvqk0=h,6o,k.-hwfhD 0=h,6omugj da[w;h.olt\v’gxaoly’j mujltlq,,kgxaog;]kfqo
okoF 7;k,I6h0v’c8j]t7qo9bj’0Bo16jda[dkogvUo.-h0=h,6ooAoD fa’j oAoF 9tgsaowfh-afg9o;jk
7;k,I6hgduf9kd0=h,6o0jk;lko8jk’M c]t .om5d,NoU r;d,ao]h;oc]h;c81j 6vj hv,8q;0v’
r;dgIqk1kj ’s^;’s^kpD 0=h,6ogs^qjkoU,k9kdlnj8kj ’M g-ajoG ;ymtp5F 3m]trk[F |a’lnry,F
vyog8ugoaf (Internet) s^n oa[ma’dkolnlj ko]ts;jk’[5d7qo 9b’j ,uz6hdjk;;kj ltw\oUgxaoltw\
0v’0=h,6o0jk;lkoD

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

I6[ !D# 8q;1kj ’0v’0=h,6o0jk;lko

xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D! 4

7D 7;k,\kp0v’dkolnjlko ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ
dkolnjlko \kpg4y’0t[;odkole]a[dkoc]dxjPo0=h,6o0kj ;lkoD I6[c[[’kj p 7n

dkolq’j 9kdz6hlq’j 0=h,6o0jk;lko s^n v5xtdvog0Qk]tsaf wxl6jz6hIa[0=h,6o0jk;lko s^n v5xtdvo
4vf]tsafD 0=h,6o0jk;lko vkf9t16j.oI6[c[[0v’mkj mk’laopt]ad s^n [k’1jk’d=16.j o
I6[c[[0v’rklkD dkolbdlkdjP;da[dkolnjlkovkf9ecodwfhs^kpI6[c[[ g-yj’wfhcdjG
dkolnlj ko0v’lafF dkolnjlko]ts;jk’[5d7qoF dkolnlj korkp.o[5d7qoF dkolnjlkofh;p
7eg;QkF dkolnlj ko0hk,;afmtotme c]t 3m]t7q,,tok7q, gxao8QoD

'D lts^5[
g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0kj ;lko c]t dkolnjlko \kpg4y’ dkooegvqk;ymtpklkfmujdhk;

|hkmk’fhko7v,ry;g8u c]t dkolnjlko ,klhk’,6o7jkgru,j .shda[0=h,6o0kj ;lko gIaf.sh
0=h,6o0jk;lko,uxt3spf c]t .-hg0Qk.o;Pd’kowfhd;hk’0;k’s^kp0BoD g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o
0jk;lko ];,gvqkma’dko.-hg8ad3o3]-u8kj ’M .odkoI;[I;,9afgda[ .-h;Pd lq’j 8+ s^n
lnlj ko]ts;jk’daoc]tdaoD g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lko c]t dkolnjlkodjP;0hv’3fpdq’da[ @
lyj’ 7nG

1. g7njv’,n g7njv’.-h.odko9afdko0=h,6o0jk;lko g-aoj G g7njv’7v,ry;g8u (Computer)
v5xtdvovhv,0hk’2 c]t v5xtdvolnlj ko c]t 3m]t7q,,tok7q,D

2. 0Ao8vo;ymudkofegouodko g-yj’djP;0hv’da[ Software X-v[c;? [5d7t]kdvo
c]t de,t;ymudkofegouo’ko grnjv.sh0=h,6ooAogdufxt3spfs^kpmujl5f Xoa[ma’dko
[=]ydkoF dko.-h’ko c]t dkof6c]Iadlk0=h,6o?D

2 v5xtdvovhv,0hk’ \kpg4y’ g7nvj ’ry, (Printer)F ltcdogou (Scanner)F DDD 5
xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D!

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ
I6[ !D$ v5xtdvovhv,0hk’0v’g7nvj ’7v,ry;g8u

dyf9tde

1. .shoadIPopqd8q;1jk’ g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0kj ;lko c]t dkolnjlko 1kj ’|hvp # 8q;1kj ’
2. .shoadIPovtmy[kpg4y’rafmtdkomk’fhkodkolnlj ko0v’,to5f
3. .shoadIPo[vd-njg7njv’ v5xtdvovhv,0hk’0v’g7nvj ’7v,ry;g8u
4. .shoadIPovtmy[kp7;k,\kp0v’ g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lko c]t dkolnjlko

xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D! 6

2. [qf[kfle7ao0v’g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lko c]t dkolnjlkoສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

7;k,dhk;|hkmk’fhko;ymtpklkf c]t g8ad3o3]-u gIaf.sh,udkorafmtok7Qosk
lyj’veo;p7;k,ltf;dlt[kp8+dkofe]q’-u;yf1kj ’s^;’s^kpF gIaf.shg8ad3o3]-uwfhg0Qk,k
glu,lhk’xafw9rNo4ko.odkofe]q’-u;yfwfhgxao1jk’fuF gIaf.shdkod+lhk’muj16jvkwl,u75oot
rk[ c]t wfh,kf8t4koF lk,kfzt]yflyo7hk c]t .shdko[=]ydko8jk’M grnvj 8v[
lt|v’7;k,8hv’dko0v’,to5fwfhs^kp0BoD

g8ad3o3]-u gIaf.sh]t[q[dkozt]yflk,kfzt]yflyo7hkwfhgxao9eo;os^kpF ,u]k7k
4nd]q’ c]t lyo7hk,u75ootrk[D ovd9kdoAoF ,aopa’gIaf.shdko8yf8+lnjlkoF dkowx,k
skl6jdaowfhltf;d c]t gIaf.shxt-kdvomq;j 3]d8yf8+Ia[2a’0jk;lko0v’daoc]tdao
wfh8ts^vfg;]kD

;y;afmtokdko0v’g8ad3o3]-u gIaf.sh-u;yfdkogxao16xj jPocx’wxD .ovtfuf3]dwfh
degouf,kxt,ko $D*WW ]hkoxu c]t g-njv4ndao;jk ;y;afmtokdko8k,me,t-kfwfhgIaf
.shly’j muj,u-u;yf4nddegoufgmy’3]dxt,ko &WW ]hkoxuc]h;D p5dwf3oglqk,uvkp5.o-;j ’ @WW
]hkoxuF lyj’mu,j u-u;yfmujgxaogzqkj rao,to5f7jvpMrafmtok c]t 7kf7tgo;jk g,njvshkcloxu
dvj o ,to5flk,kflq’j laopkomkj mk’lnlj ko]ts;jk’daoc]tdao c]t rafmtokgxaorklkD
9qog,njvxt,ko &DWWW xuzkj owx ,to5flk,kflhk’8q;|a’ln c]t 9k]bdw;h8k,/k4ED
g;qhkwfh;kj ,to5f8hv’.-hg;]kfqookor=lq,7;o.odkorafmtok8q;|a’lnmuj.-hcmo rklkg;qhk
c]t 9kds^ad4komk’xts;aflkfrq[;kj ,to5flk,kfry,8q;|a’lnwfhxt,ko &WW g4y’
)WW xuzjko,koUD g,njvg8ad3o3]-ug0qhk,k-j;p.odkory, gIaf.shdkolnjlko0=h7;k, c]t
rklkgruj,0Bos^kpD g8ad3o3]-u,udkorafmtok1kj ’8+gonjv’ 9qolk,kflnjlkodaowfh 3fpdko
lqj’0=h7;k,gxaolP’mk’lkp3m]tla[wfhxt,ko !WW d;jkxuzkj o,k c]t g,njvxt,koxu 7Dl
!_$* d+wfh,udkolqj’rk[mk’3m]trk[ c]t 7v,ry;g8u g-y’j gIaf.sh,udko.-h0=h,6o0kj ;lko
.oI6[c[[0jk;lkos^kp0BoD

xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D! 7

I6[ !D& dkolnjlko3fpdkooe.-hg8ad3o3]-u ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

.oxaf95[ao lt4kou;ymtp5F 3m]trk[F |a’lnry, c]t ln8j kj ’M mu.j -h.odkodt9kp
0kj ;lkoF ,udkogzupczrj k[mk’3m]trk[ c]t zkj ofk;mP, grnjv]kp’kogsfdko
lqfF gsaowfh;jk g8ad3o3]-uwfhg0qhk,k,u[qf[kf1kj ’s^;’s^kpD dkorafmtokg8ad3o3]-u;vj ’
w;py’j 0Bo g,njv,udkorafmtokv5xtdvomk’fhko7v,ry;g8u c]t l;j oxtdv[ 3fpltgrkt
.ow]ptxt,ko !W xuzkj o,koU ,uzt]yf8trao.\jgduf0Bo1jk’s^;’s]kpD

r;dgIqk]v’,k9yo8tokdkog[yj’;jk r;dgIqkwfh,udkodPj ;0hv’da[g8ad3o3]-uco;
.fcfj 9kd8q;1jk’8+wxoUF g,nvj 8noj ovogIqkvkfwfhpyolP’9kd;ymtp5 g-yj’,udkodt9kplP’
0jk;lko s^n lk]t[aogmu’D r;dgIqk.-h3m]tla[lnlj koda[\6gj rnvj oF g[yj’]kpdko3m]trk[F
le]a[z6hmuvj kwl.o8q;g,nv’ ]ts;jk’mk’mu,j k3I’IPo r;dgIqkgfuomk’zjko4t|qosqo
mk’mu,j u]t[q[w2laopkomuj7;[75,fh;p7v,ry;g8uD 16jl6odko7hkr;dgIqk0Bo]u2F 0Bo0ahowf
g]nvj omuj,udko7;[75,fh;p7v,ry;g8uD 16gj Invo.og0f8q;g,nv’.spj vkf9t,ug7njv’xa[vkdkf
mu,j udko7;[75,v5ostr6,3fpvaf8t3o,afF ,udkox5’c8’j vkskofh;pg8qkvq[ c]t -adg7njv’
fh;pg7nvj ’9ad g-yj’7;[75,fh;p]t[q[7v,ry;g8uD vu’8k,lyj’mudj kj ;,koAo 9tgsao;kj .oxaf95
[aooU -u;yf0v’7qo.o8q;g,nv’.spj 3fpltgrkt.oxtgmfmurj afmtok 9tdPj ;0hv’da[g8ad
3o3]-u1jk’s^;’s^kpD v5xtdvolj;o.sp.j -h]t[q[7v,ry;g8ugxaol;j oxtdv[.odkogIaf;PdD

xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D! 8

I6[ !D* g7njv’veo;p7;k,ltf;drkp.ogInvoສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

.ovtfuf ,to5fpa’[+,u4yoj 4kocooj voF ,uvk-u[dtlydeF ]jklafD 8+,k,udko];,8q;
daogxaola’7q, c]t gduf.sh,udkozt]yf.oc[[v5flkstde grnvj 8v[lt|v’lyo7hk c]t
[=]ydko1jk’s^;’s^kp la’7q,9bj’gxaola’7q,mu,j uv5flkstdeg0qhk,kdjP;0hv’D c8js^a’9kdxu
7Dl !_)& ]t[q[lnlj ko3m]t7q, c]t 7v,ry;g8udhk;|hks^kp gIaf.shgdufdkoxPj ocx’g0qhk
l6lj a’7q,0h=,6o0kj ;lkoF faj’oAoF -u;yfdkogxao169j tdjP;0hv’da[0=h,6o0kj ;lko9eo;os^kpD
dkoczjdt9kpdkolnjlko3m]t7q,,tok7q,mqj;g4y’ gIaf.sh0kj ;lkodt9kpwx1jk’;vj ’w;D
la’7q,r;dgIqkxaf95[aogxaola’7q,[+,urq,cfo grkt0kj ;lko9kdxtgmf|b’j 9tczdj t9kp
vvdwxskxtgmf8kj ’M wfh1jk’;jv’w;D

dyf9tde

1. .shoadIPovtmy[kpg4y’;y;afmtokdko0v’g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0kj ;lko c]t dkolnlj ko
8+da[dkoxPj ocx’0v’-u;yfdkogxao16jD

2. .shoadIPo[vd-njg7nvj ’veo;p7;k,ltf;drkp.ogInvo c]t .oshv’dkomujgIaf;Pd
3fpvaf8t3o,af

xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D! 9

3. ]adltotle7ao0v’g8ad3o3]-u0h=,6o0kj ;lko

g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0kj ;lko ,uxt3spf8+da[dkorafmtokxtgmf-kf.sh9tg]uodhk;|hkD
g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lko gIaf.sh;y4u-u;yf7;k,gxao16j0v’la’7q,xjPowx1kj ’s^;’s^kpD ,ao
gIaf.shgduf,udkoxjPocx’da[3]d7A’.spj vkf9tg;Qkwfh;kj g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lko,uzqo
dtmq[8+m5dly’j m5d1jk’ oa[ma’dkofe]q’-u;yfF glf4tdyfF la’7q,F dkog,nv’F dkolbdlk
c]t vnjoMD ,aogxaodkoxtp5dg8ad3o3]-u7v,ry;g8u (Computer Technology) c]t g8ad3o
3]-udkolnlj ko (Communication Technology) .oc[[8jk’M grnvj .sh[ao]5;af45xtlq’D
]adltotgfajomujle7ao0v’g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lko,ufaj’oUG

3.1 g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0kj ;lko-j;p.shdkogIaf;Pd’ko;vj ’w;0Bo 4nd8hv’ c]t -afg9o
.o]t[q[dko9afdko0v’vq’dvom5d[vj o lj;os^kp8hv’.-h0=h,6o grnjvdkofegouodko

c]t 8aflyo.9D ]t[q[m5]tdyf9b’j .-hg8ad3o3]-u7v,ry;g8u c]t g8ad3o3]-udkolnjlkogxao
g7nvj ’,n-j;p.odkofegouodko grnvj .shdkogIaf;Pd’ko,u7;k,;vj ’w;4nd8hv’ c]t -af
g9o g-ajoG ]t[q[/kd{4vog’yo c]t ]t[q[9jv’xUpqoD
ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

I6[ !D( dko4vog’yozkj o86h ATM (Automatic Teller Machine)

xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D! 10

3.2 g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lko-;j p.shdko[=]ydkod;hk’0;k’0Bo
g,nvj ,udkorafmtok]t[q[gda[ c]t .-h0=h,6o gIaf.shdko[=]ydko8kj ’M 16j.oI6[c[[

dko[=]ydkoc[[dt9kpD z6h-q,.-hlk,kflaj’-Nlyo7hk9kdgInvoF lk,kflv[4k,0=h,6ozkj o
mk’3m]tla[D oadIPo oadlbdlk.olt4komujlbdlk[k’[jvolk,kf.-h7v,ry;g8u-vd0=h,6o
grnvj lt|v’.shcddj koIPo c]t lk,kflv[4k,zqodkolv[gla’9kdgInvo0v’8qogv’wfh
X3fpltgrktc,oj xtgmfde]a’rafmtok c]t rafmtokc]h;?D

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

I6[ !D) g,njvdvj o8hv’0kplyo7hk3fpdq’.oIhko7hk c8jxaf95[ao]6d7hklk,kflaj’-N
lyo7hkzjkog7nv0kj pvyog8ucoafwfh gIaf.sh,u7;k,ltf;d c]t ;jv’w;0Bo

xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D! 11

3.3 g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0kj ;lko-;j pfegouodko.o|;j p’ko8kj ’M
xaf95[aom5d|j;p’ko8jk’rkdaorafmtok]t[q[9afgda[0=h,6o c]t I;[I;,0=h,6o grnjv

.-h.ovq’dvoD xtgmfmu1j 6jvhv,0hk’r;dgIqks^kpxtgmf wfh,u]t[q[mt[Porqo]tg,nv’ mu9j af
dkofh;p]t[q[7v,ry;g8uF ]t[q[gda[de7qog9a[.o3I’\=F ]t[q[9afgda[0=h,6orklu g-y’j .o
xaf95[ao vq’dvom5d]tfa[.oxtgmfgIqk gsao7;k,le7aomu9j toegvqkg8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0kj ;
lko,k.-hD

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

I6[ !D_ g;a[w-dt-;’lbdlkmydko c]t l6olt4y8y8jk’M

3.4 g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0kj ;lko-j;p;Pd’ko.o-u;yfxt9e;ao
rafmtokdkofhkog8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lko gIaf.sh-u;yfdkogxao16j0v’7qodPj ;0hv’

da[g8ad3o3]-us^kp0Bo fa’j mujr;dgIqkgsaowfh9kddko.-hv5xtdvolnlj ko3m]t7q,,tok7q,
c[[8jk’MF dkory,gvdtlko8kj ’M fh;p7v,ry;g8u c]t dko4jkpI6[fh;pdhv’fu9y8vo
gxao8QoD

xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D! 12

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

I6[ !D!W 0=h,6o0jk;lkodPj ;0hv’da[7qom5d]tfa[

dyf9tde

1. .shoadIPovtmy[kpg4y’dko-;j pgs^nv0v’g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lko 8+dkogIaf;Pd’ko
.ovq’dvo8kj ’MD

2. .shoadIPovtmy[kpg4y’dko-j;pgs^nv0v’g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0kj ;lko 8+dko[=]ydko8kj ’MD
3. .shoadIPovtmy[kpg4y’dko-j;pgs^nv0v’g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lko 8+dkogIaf;Pd’ko

.o-u;yfxt9e;aoD

xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D! 13

4. zqodtmq[0v’g8ad3o3]-u0h=,6o0jk;lko

zqodtmq[0v’g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0kj ;lko 8+-u;yf7;k,gxao16j c]t la’7q,,us^kpD 7qo.o
la’7q,,udkoIPoI6h c]t .-h0=h,6o0kj ;lkodao1kj ’d;hk’0;k’ 9b’j lq’j zqodtmq[vvd,k
wfhfa’j oUG

4.1 dkolhk’glu,75ootrk[-u;yf
ltrk[7;k,gxao16j0v’la’7q,.og,nv’ ,udkorafmtokdko.-h]t[q[lnlj ko3m]t7q,

,tok7q, grnjv8yf8+lnlj ko.shltf;d;vj ’w;F ,udkoxtp5d,k.-hda[g7nvj ’veo;p7;k,lt
f;drkp.o[hko g-aoj G .-h7;[75,g7njv’xa[vkdkfF .-h7;[75,dkogIaf;Pd0v’9ad-adg7njv’
o5’j sqj, c]t .-h7;[75,]t[q[w22hk.ogInvoD

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

I6[ !D!! 8q;1jk’dko.-hiu3,f (Remote) grnjv7;k,ltf;d.odko7;[75,3m]tmaf

4.2 dkoglu,lhk’7;k,ltg\urk[.ola’7q, c]t dko0tspkp3vdkf
g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lko -j;p.shdkodt9kp0kj ;lkowxwfhmqj;m5dcs’j [+;kj 9t16j.o

4yjosjk’wdlvds^ud ,aod=gIaf.sh,udko0tspkp3vdkfdkoIPoI6hD s^kpxtgmf,udko.-h]t
[q[dkoIPo{dkolvomk’wd grnvj dko0tspkpdkoIPoI6hwxsk[vj osjk’wdlvds^udD ovd
9kdoU s^kpxtgmfmu9j tg]uoc]h; pa’,u7;k,rtpkpk,muj9t.-h]t[q[dkoIadlkrtpk[ko
zjkog7nv0jkplnjlkoD

xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D! 14

4.3 dkoIPodkolvo.olt4komujlbdlk
.olt4komujlbdlk gryoj wfh,udkooegvqk7v,ry;g8u c]t g7njv’,nxtdv[-;j p.odko

IPoI6h g-ajoG ;yfu3vF g7nvj ’lkprk[F 3xicdi,7v,ry;g8u-;j plvoF 7v,ry;g8u-j;p9af
dkolbdlkF 9af8k8t]k’lvoF 7eo;o9af]efa[7tcooF 9af-AoIPoF gIaf[qf]kp’ko
grnjv.shz6h[=]yskowfhIa[-k[g4y’[aosk c]t cdhw0[aosk.o3I’IPoD xaf95[ao,udkolvo
mk’fhkog8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0kj ;lko.olt4komulj bdlks^kp0BoD

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

I6[ !D!@ g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lkoda[dkoIPo{dkolvo

xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D! 15

4.4 dkoIadlkly’j c;f]hv,
dko9af-a[rtpkdvome,t-kfs^kp1jk’ 9egxao8hv’.-h g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0kj ;lko

g-ajoG dkof6c]Iadlkxjkw,h 9egxao8hv’.-h0=h,6o g-yj’,udko.-h rk[4kj pmk’fk;mP,F
dko8yf8k,0=h,6oltrk[fyo2hkvkdkfF dkortpkdvovkdkfF dko9e]v’I6[c[[
ltrk;tlyj’c;f]hv,grnjvxa[x5’cdhw0F dkogda[I;[I;,0=h,6o75ootrk[0v’oE.oc,oj E
8jk’MF dko;afcmd,qo]trk;t 8ts^vf9qodko.-h]t[q[dkod;fcmdw]ptmujgvUo;jk 3mi
,k8i gxao8QoD

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

I6[ !D!# rk[4kj p9kddkolnjlkozkj ofk;mP, c]t mk’|hkfyoltcf’ltrk[rNofyo
c]t ;afcmd,qo]trk;t

xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D! 16

4.5 dkoxhv’daoxtgmf
dyf9tdkomk’fhkodkomtsko,udko.-hg8ad3o3]-u vk;5fp5f3mxtdvoltw\.\j

]h;oc]h;c8dj jP;0hv’da[7v,ry;g8u g-ajoG ]t[q[7;[75,F ]t[q[xhv’daowr c]t ]t[q[
la’gdfdkoD

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

I6[ !D!$ vk;5flq’7k,mujmaoltw\ 17

xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D!

4.6 dkozt]yf.ov5fltstde c]t dko7hk
dkoc0’j 0aomk’fhkodkozt]yflyo7hkv5flkstde 9egxao8hv’sk;ymudko.odkozt

]yf grnjv.shlk,kfzt]yflyo7hkwfh9eo;os^kp c]t ,u]k7k4nd]q’D ltoAoF g8ad3o3]-u
7v,ry;g8ug0Qk,k,u[qf[kfs^kp grnvj [ao]5gxQk\kpfaj’djk;D ovd9kdoU pa’,udko.-h0=h,6o
0jk;lko grnjvdko[=]ysko c]t 9afdkoF dkofegouodko c]t pa’];,wxg4y’dko.sh
[=]ydkoda[]6d7hk grnvj .sh-Nlyo7hkwfhltf;d0BoD

I6[ !D!& 8q;1kj ’dkozt]yflyo7hk.o3I’’kov5fltstde ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

4.7 7;k,7yf c]t dkolhk’lao
g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0kj ;lko,aodtmq[3fpdq’ c]t djP;0hv’da[m5dg]njv’.o-u;yfxt9e;ao

c]t ,umjkvjP’muj9t,u[qf[kfs^kppy’j 0BoD fh;pgsfoUgv’ gpqk;t-qom5d7qo9bj’8hv’wfhIPoI6h
c]t g0Qk.9dPj ;da[g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0kj ;lko grnjv.shlk,kfoegvqkg8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;
lkowxrafmtokly’j 8kj ’M mujgxaoxt3spf8+xtgmf-kf3fp[+8hv’gryj’rkvkwlg8ad3o3]-u s^n
-v[c;9kd8kj ’xtgmfF gIaf.sh7jk.-h9jkps^5f]q’D .od=]touoU s^kplt4k[ao c]t l6olbdlk
8jk’M mujdPj ;0hv’ de]a’,udkorafmtok c]t lq’j glu,[5d7t]kdvo.sh,u7;k,I6h7;k,lk
,kf c]t gxuf3vdkf.shgpqk;t-qo]k;wfh,u7;k,7yflhk’lao c]t rafmtoklyj’mugj xao
xt3spf8+mhv’4yjo0v’8qoD

xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D! 18

dyf9tde

1. .shoadIPovtmy[kpg4y’ zqodtmq[0v’g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lko 8+dkolhk’glu,75oot
rk[-u;yfD

2. .shoadIPovtmy[kpg4y’ zqodtmq[0v’g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lko 8+dkoglu,lhk’7;k,
ltg\urk[.ola’7q, c]t dko0tspkp3vdkfD

3. .shoadIPovtmy[kpg4y’ zqodtmq[0v’g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lko 8+dkoIPo{dkolvo
.olt4komulj bdlkD

4. .shoadIPovtmy[kpg4y’ zqodtmq[0v’g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0kj ;lko 8+dkoIadlklj’y c;f
]hv,D

5. .shoadIPovtmy[kpg4y’ zqodtmq[0v’g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0kj ;lko 8+dkoxhv’daoxtgmfD
6. .shoadIPovtmy[kpg4y’ zqodtmq[0v’g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0kj ;lko 8+dkozt]yf.ov5flt

stde c]t dko7hkD
7. .shoadIPovtmy[kpg4y’ zqodtmq[0v’g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lko 8+7;k,7yf c]t dko

lhk’laoD
ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D! 19

[qfmu @ ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

0=h,6o c]t 0=h,6o0jk;lko

zjkodkoIPo[qfoU oadIPolk,kfG

• g0Qk.97;k,\kp0v’0=h,6o (Data)F 0=h,6o0jk;lko (Information)F ]t[q[0=h,6o
0kj ;lko (Information System)

• I6hl;j oxtdv[mulj e7ao0v’]t[q[0=h,6o0jk;lko c]t xtgrf0v’0=h,6o
• I6hdjP;da[dkoxt,;ozqo0=h,6o3fp];, c]t vtmy[kp;ymudko0v’,ao
• I6hdPj ;da[dko9afdko0=h,6o0kj ;lko3fpmq;j wxF
• g0Qk.9dPj ;da[dkocmo0=h,6o c]t dkolhk’c2h,0=h,6o0AorNo4ko

7e4k,7Qo7;hkG

• 0=h,6o c]t 0=h,6o0jk;lko ,u7;k,\kp c]t ,udkorq;raodao7nco;.f L
• lyj’mugj xaolj;oxtdv[vaole7ao.shcdj]t[q[0=h,6o0kj ;lko ,uspa’cfLj
• ;ymudkoxt,;ozqo0=h,6o.shgxao0=h,6o0jk;lkogxaowx7nco;.fL
• dkooe.-h0=h,6o0kj ;lko.shxvfwr 7;o9afdkoco;.fL
• gryjo.-h;ymudkocmo0=h,6oco;.f grnjv.shg7nvj ’7v,ry;g8ugIaf;Pdwfh c]t ,u;ymydko

lhk’c2h,0=h,6o0AorNo4ko7nco;.fL

d=]toulbdlkG

oadIPovkfwfhpyo c]t ]N’g7upda[7e;kj 0=h,6o ,kfqoc]h; g-yj’.o3I’IPod=,u0=h,6o
16gj xao9eo;os^;’s^kp g-ajoG 0=h,6odPj ;da[380v’oadIPogv’F 0=h,6odPj ;da[;y-kIPoF
0=h,6odjP;da[76lvoF 0=h,6odPj ;da[3I’IPo gxao8QoD ltoAoF .odkofegouodko8kj ’M
[+;kj 9t16.j o3I’IPo s^n .odkofe]q’-u;yf c]t vnjoM grnjvs^5fzvj o7;k,ljP’ c]t
Ia[xtdao7;k,xvfwr 3fp.sh,uzqoleg]afmujcooj vo 9egxao8hv’.-h0=h,6o,kxtdv[.odko
ry9k]tokD

xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D! 20

1. 0=h,6o (Data)

0=h,6o c,jo 0=hgmaf9y’3 s^n ]kp]tvPf 0v’lyj’mugj Iqklqo.9 [+;jk9tgxao7qoF lafF ly’j
0v’ s^n gsfdko8kj ’M g-yj’0=hgmaf9y’gs^qkj oU vkf16.j oI6[c[[8jk’M g-ajoG 8qo8q;F 0=h7;k,F
rk[F lP’ c]t ]qf-kfD fa’j oAoF dkogda[0=h,6o 9b’j gxaodkogda[I;[I;,djP; da[0=hgmaf9y’
mujgIqklqo.9oAogv’ c]t 0=h,6o9bj’,u7;k,\kp;kj gxao8q;cmo0v’0=hgmaf9y’ s^n 7;k,gxaowx
0v’ly’j mujgIqklqo.9D

3I’IPogxaolt4komujcsj’|b’j muj,udkogda[I;[I;,0=h,6ow;h g-ajoG oadIPo.\j g0Qk
IPo.o3I’IPo d=9t,udko[aombdxts;afoadIPow;hD 0=h,6o0v’oadIPomuj,u.o3I’IPo lj;o
s^kp9t,u]kp]tvPfdjP;da[ -njF ;aogfnvoxugdufF muj16Fj -njz6hxqd7v’ c]t vjnoMD ovd9kdoU
pa’,udko[aombddko0kf3I’IPoF zqodkoIPo g-yj’0=h,6ogs^qjkoU gxao0=hgmaf9y’mujgduf0Bo
mujvkfoe,k.-hxt3spfwfhrkps^a’D c81j kj ’.fd=8k, 0=hgmaf9y’mu[j aombdw;hoU [+vkfgIaf.sh
I6h9ad c]t g0Qk.9oadIPoc8]j t7qowfh1kj ’cmh9y’ grktpa’,u0=h,6ovnoj Mvud0v’oadIPomu[j +wfh
[aombdw;h g-ajoG luzq,F lu8kF 8eoy8kj ’MF 7;k,l6’F oE|adF vkskomuj,adF ;y-kmu,j adIPoF
7;k,4t|af c]t ’kovtfyg]fD
ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

I6[ @D! 8q;1kj ’0=h,6omugda[w;h .oI6[c[[8kj ’M

3 0=hgmaf9y’ \kpg4y’ g]nvj ’mujgxao,k s^n gxao16jxaf95[aoF g]njv’9y’ “rqf9toko5dq,]k;F lt[a[rklkg7Qkgfu, 3fp
l5[yorit3dw-p% rDl @$$)”.

xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D! 21

.odkofegouodkomk’m5]tdyf.fd=8k, ,ao9egxao8hv’,udkogda[0=h,6o grnvj w;h.-hgIaf
;Pd’ko g-aoj G g9Qk0v’Ihko7hkcs’j |b’j gda[0=h,6odko0kplyo7hk8ts^vfxu g0qklk,kfoe
gvqk0=h,6ogs^qjkoU ,klbdlk c]t ;yg7ktskxt]y,kodko0kp8+gfnvoF xtgrf c]t -toyf
0v’lyo7hk;jk lyo7hk-toyf.f0kpfu -toyf.f0kp[+vvdF mjkvPj ’dko0kp.ovtok7qf
9tgxaoco;.f lyo7hk.f,upvfdko0kpfu0Boda[xafw9 s^n gmfltdko.f9kdrkpovdg0Qk,k
djP;0hv’D

2. 0=h,6o0jk;lko (Information)

0=h,6o0jk;lko \kpg4y’0=h,6omujlk,kfoewx.-hxt3spfwfh grkt,aowfhzjkodkoxt
,;ozqo fh;p;ymudkomujg\ktlq, c]t 4nd8hv’ grnjv.shzqoIa[dq’da[7;k,8hv’dko0v’z6h.-h
16j.oI6[c[[mu.j -h’kowfh c]t 9t8hv’16.j ow]ptg;]kmu8j hv’dko g-aoj G g,njv8hv’dko0=h,6o
0kj ;lkowx.-h.odko;k’czodko0kp 0=h,6o0kj ;lkomu8j hv’dkod=7;o9tgxao]kp’ko
lts^5[pvfdko0kpc8j]tgfnvo.oxuzjko,kmujrP’r=8+dko8aflyo.9S 4hk8hv’dko0=h,6o0jk;
lko.odkoltcf’zqodkoIPo0v’oadIPoxt9egfnvo 0=h,6o0kj ;lkomuj8hv’dko d=9t8hv’
c,jo7tcooltg]pj 0v’oadIPoc8]j t7qo.ogfnvo|b’j D
ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

0=h,6o xt,;ozqo

czor6,ltcf'7tcooltg]jp0v'oadIPo

15

10

5

0

oD r5fmyfk oD daosk mD lk]u mD 9yitlad

lts^5[gxaoczor6,mjvogrnjvdko8aflyo.9

I6[ @D@ 8q;1jk’dkolhk’0=h,6o0kj ;lko grnvj 7afg]nvdoadIPofuxt9egfnvo

xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D! 22

3. ]t[q[0=h,6o0jk;lko (Information System) ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

]t[q[0=h,6o0kj ;lko \kpg4y’ dkofegouo’koda[0=h,6o8k,0Ao8vodkoxt8y[af’ko
3fp[5d7t]kdvovkf9t.-h Hardware XIkfc;?F Software X-v[c;? c]t g7nv0jkp
gxaog7nvj ’,n muj.sh,kgxao0=h,6o0kj ;lkoD ]t[q[0=h,6o0kj ;lkooAo 9txtdv[fh;p0=h,6oF 0=h,6o
0kj ;lko c]t dko9afdko (Management)D dko9afdko \kpg4y’dko[=]ysko1kj ’gxao
]t[q[ gxaodkodeoqfgxQk\kp c]t myfmk’dko9afdkovq’dvo g-y’j 8hv’,udko;k’czo
deoqfdko c]t 9afdko-a[rtpkdvorkp.ovq’dvo grnvj .sh[ao]595fxtlq’0v’vq’dvo
oAoD

dkolhk’0=h,6o0kj ;lko gIaf.shgduf7;k,Iv[I6hmu9j t-j;p.odko8aflyo.9 s^n ;k’czo
.odkofegouo’ko1kj ’,uxtlyfmyrk[ 3fp,udko[aombd0=h,6o]q’c[[2v, c]t gda[,aogxao
c2h, g-yj’vkfgda[.oc8j]tgfnvoF rkd s^n xu c]t ,udkolhk’[qflts^5[fh;p0=h,6o0kj ;lko
.oI6[c[[[qf]kp’koD

8q;1jk’ 3I’IPocsj’|b’j 8hv’dko7afg]nvdoadIPogda’j djP;da[g]nvj ’g8ad3o3]-u
0=h,6o0jk;lko gryjo9b’j 8yf8k,zqodkoIPo0v’oadIPo9kd0=h,6o mu3j I’IPowfh9afgda[w;h 7nG
]tfa[7tcoo;y-kg8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lko gxao]kprkdIPo c]t 9kd8k8t]k’gda[
dezqodkoIPooAo 7tcoomujl6’d;jk\6\j qf.o @ xu g-y’j ,u $ rkdIPo c,jo7tcoo0v’mhk;
9y]tlad grktz6hdPj ;wfhwfh7tcoo !W ma’ $ rkdIPoD 7tcoomujl6’]tfa[mu @ c,oj
7tcoo0v’ok’ r5fmyfk c]t 8+MwxD ovd9kddkogda[zqodkoIPo.o8k8t]k’c]h;
pa’lk,kfltcf’zqodkoIPofh;pczo;kfglqk (column chart) vud fa’j I6[]5j,oUG

8k8t]k’ltcf’zqodkoIPo0v’oadIPo

0=h,6o xumu ! xumu @
-nj c]t ok,ltd5o rkdIPomu rkdIPomu rkdIPomu rkdIPomu ]efa[ mu

!@!@

oD r5fmyfk 9 9 10 10 2
oD daosk 9 9 8 83
mD lk]u 8 8 7 74
mD 9y]tlad 10 10 10 10 1

xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D! 23

0=h,6o0jk;lko 10 oD r5fmyfk
8 oD daosk
6 mD lk]u
4 mD 9yitlad
2
0

rkdIPomu !rkdIPomu @rkdIPomu ! rkdIPomu @
xumu !
xumu @

7;k,Ia[I6h mhk; 9y]tlad ,uzqodkoIPo ;y-k g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lko ma’ @ xu
fud;jk\6j 9b’j wfhgxaooadIPogdaj’fhko;y-koU

I6[ @D# 8q;1kj ’ltcf’ 0=h,6o 0=h,6o0jk;lko c]t 7;k,Ia[I6h ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

0=h,6o0kj ;lkolk,kfc['j xtgrf8k,rk;t7;k,8hv’dkomulj hk’0Bowfh fa’j oUG
1) 0=h,6o0kj ;lkomugj Iafxt9eG gxao0=h,6o0kj ;lkomujlhk’0Bo,kgxaoxt9e c]t ,udko
fegouodko3fplt\Oltg\u g-aoj G dkolhk’[qf]kp’kolts^5[9eo;ooadIPomu,j k3I’IPo
.oc8j]t,NF ]kp’kodjP;da[]kpIa[]kp9jkpxt9e;ao0v’3I’IPo c]t vnoj MD
2) 0=h,6o0jk;lkomu8j hv’dkolhk’0Bo8k,dqf\kpG 8k,0=hde|qf0v’c8j]t xtgmf
9t,udko.shgIaf[qf]kp’kolq’j grnvj m5]tdko8kj ’M g-aoj G ’q[xt,ko0v’[=]ylaf8hv’lhk’
0Bogrnjv]kp’ko.sh]af c]t .-h.odkoglprkluD
3) 0=h,6o0kj ;lkomuwj fhIa[,v[\kp.shlhk’0Bo3fpltgrktG .odkofegouo’ko 8jk’M
[k’7A’9egxao8hv’lhk’[qf]kp’ko0=h,6o,k-j;p.odko8aflyo.9 g-ajoG ]af4t[ko8hv’dko
]q’mbolhk’g0nvj ocsj’|b’j c]t 9egxao8hv’wfh0=h,6ogrnvj lt|a[lt|6o;jk9tlhk’s^n[+L ,ao9b’j
8hv’,udkogda[I;[I;,0=h,6ogrnvj lts^5[]kp’ko0Bo3fpltgrkt c]h;oegvqk0=h,6o0kj ;lko
oAo,kry9k]tokg4y’zqofu c]t zqoIhkp grnvj -;j plt|a[lt|6o.odko8aflyo.9D dkofegouo
’kogrnvj .shwfh0=h,6o0kj ;lkogs^qkj oU 9b’j gxao;Pd’koltgrktmujlhk’0Bogxao7A’7k;grnvj 37’
dko.f|b’j gmqjkoAoD

xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D! 24

mhv’2hkc9,j .lfuສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ
r;dgIqklk,kfgfuomk’wfh

I6[ @D$ 8q;1jk’dkooe.-h0=h,6o0kj ;lko grnvj dko8aflyo.9.odkogfuomk’

dyf9tde

1. .shoadIPoc[j’d5j, d5,j ]t ${& 7qo c]t vtmy[kpg4y’co;mk’dkosk7kj ltg]jp0v’
oadIPogrfpy’ c]t grf-kp rkp.oshv’D

2. .shoadIPovtmy[kpg4y’ 7;k,\kp0v’0=h,6o c]t 0=h,6o0jk;lko
3. .shoadIPovtmy[kp7;k,c8d8jk’ c]t 7;k,lerao]ts;jk’ 0=h,6oda[0=h,6o0kj ;lkoD

xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D! 25

4. l;j oxtdv[0v’]t[q[0=h,6o0jk;lko ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

]t[q[0=h,6o0jk;lkogxao;Pd’ko mu8j hv’.-hl;j oxtdv[s^kp1kj ’ grnvj .shwfh0=h,6o,k.-h
.shgdufxt3spfD l;j oxtdv[mujle7ao0v’]t[q[0=h,6o 0jk;lko ,u & rkdlj;o 7nG [5d7t
]kdvoF 0Ao8vodkoxt8y[af’koF Ikfc;F -v[c; c]t 0=h,6oma’ & lj;oxtdv[,u7;k,
djP;0hv’daogxao]t[q[D

4hkoadIPo8hv’dkoxt,;ozqodkoIPo0v’8qogv’wfh1kj ’4nd8hv’ c]t ;jv’w; c]t
]t[q[dko9afdko0=h,6o0jk;lkooAodPj ;0hv’da[spa’cfLj d=]toumevyf 7nG [5d7t]kdvo
g-aoj G 76xt9e-Aomugj xaoz6hIa[zyf-v[ s^n 76lvoc8j]t;y-kD d=]toumu lv’7nG 4hkskd,udko
[aombd0=h,6od=8hv’,u0Ao8vodkoxt8y[af’ko0v’76 gxao0Ao8vomujdeoqfw;h;jk 9t8hv’gIaf
spa’cfjF g,njv.f c]t co;.fD d=]toumu lk,7nG Ikfc; g-aoj G g7njv’7v,ry;g8u g-yj’gxao
g7nvj ’,n-;j p.shdkogIaf;Pd’kowfhzqo;vj ’w; c]t 7eo;owfh1jk’4nd8hv’-afg9oD d=]tou
muluj 7nG -v[c;mu.j -h.og7nvj ’7v,ry;g8u g-yj’,ao-j;p.sh7v,ry;g8ugIaf;Pd8k,7;k,8hv’
dkowfhD d=]toul5fmhkp7nG 0h=,6omujxP[g\nvo;af45fy[ mu9j twfhIa[dkoxjPocx’.shgxao0=h,6o
0jk;lko8k,muj8hv’dkoD

4.1 [5d7t]kdvo
gxaolj;oxtdv[mulj e7aomulj 5f grkt;kj [5d7t]kdvomuj,u7;k,I6h7;k,lk,kf c]t

g0Qk.9;ymudkolhk’0=h,6o0jk;lkooAo 9tgxaoz6hfegouodko.odkogIaf;Pd’koma’\qfD [5d
7t]kdvo 9bj’8hv’,u7;k,I6h7;k,g0Qk.9.odko.-hg8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lkoD [5d7t]kdvo
rkp.ovq’dvogxaolj;oxtdv[ mu9j tgIaf.shgduf]t[q[0=h,6o0jk;lkofh;pdaom5d7qo g-ajoG
Ihko7hkcsj’|b’j F [5d7t]kdvomujfegouodko.oIhkom5d7qo 8A’c8zj 6h9afdkog4y’rtoad’ko
0kp gxaol;j oxtdv[mu9j tgIaf.shgduf0=h,6o0kj ;lkoD

4.2 0Ao8vodkoxt8y[af’ko
gxao]t[P[;ymudkoxt8y[af’ko .odko9afgda[Iadlk0=h,6o .sh16.j oI6[c[[ muj9tgIaf.sh

gdufgxao0=h,6o0kj ;lkowfh g-ajoG deoqf.sh,udkoxhvo0=h,6om5d,NF xhvo.shmaoda[g;]kD ,udko
cdhw00=h,6o.sh4nd8hv’16jltg\uD deoqfg;]k.odkoxt,;ozqo c]t lhk’[qf]kp’kogxao8QoD

xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D! 26

4.3 Ikfc;
Ikfc; g-aoj G g7njv’7v,ry;g8u g-yj’gxaog7njv’,n-j;p.odko9afdko s^n xt,;ozqo

0=h,6o.shgxao0=h,6o0jk;lko8k,7;k,8hv’dkoD g7njv’7v,ry;g8ugxaov5xtdvogvg]ad38ioyd
mulj k,kf7eo;owfh4nd8hv’F -afg9oF ;jv’w; c]t lk,kfgIaf;Pd’kowfh8+gonjv’D ltoAoF
g7njv’7v,ry;g8u 9bj’gxaovq’xtdv[|b’j mujle7ao0v’]t[q[0=h,6o0kj ;lkoD

4.4 -v[c;
-v[c;7n ]efa[0Ao8vo7elaj’ mulj aj’.shg7nvj ’7v,ry;g8ugIaf;Pd8k,;af45xtlq’mu;j k’

w;hD -v[c; 9bj’\kpg4y’-5f7elaj’mu9j af;k’gxao]efa[0Ao8vo grnvj laj’.shg7nvj ’7v,ry;g8u
gIaf;Pd c]t xt,;ozqo grnjv.shwfh0=h,6o0jk;lko8k,7;k,8hv’dkoD

4.5 0=h,6o
0=h,6ogxao;af45fy[mujgIaf.shgduf0=h,6o0kj ;lkoD 0=h,6omugj xao;af459t8hv’8kj ’dao0Boda[0=h

,6o0kj ;lkomuj8hv’dko g-aoj G .olt4k[aodkolbdlk,ad9t8hv’dko0=h,6o0kj ;lko mujdjP;
0hv’da[0=h,6ooadIPoF 0=h,6ozqodkoIPoF 0=h,6o76{vk9koF 0=h,6odko.-h9jkp8kj ’MD 0=h,6ogxao
lyj’le7aovao|bj’mujgIaf.shgduf0=h,6o0jk;lkoD
ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

I6[ @D& l;j oxtdv[mujdjP;0hv’daogxao]t[q[ 27

xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D!

lj;oxtdv[ma’\qfoU ]h;oc8,j ul;j ogIaf.sh0=h,6o0jk;lkowfh4ndlhk’0Bo 4hkskd0kf ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ
l;j oxtdv[.f|bj’ s^n lj;oxtdv[.f[+lq,[6o d=vkf9tgIaf.sh]t[q[0=h,6o0jk;lko[+lq,[6o
g-ajoG .-hg7njv’7v,ry;g8u[+g\ktlq,da[|hk;Pd d=9t.sh;Pd’kooAo-ad-hk [+maoda[7;k,
8hv’dkoD dkofegouodko]t[q[0=h,6o0jk;lko 9bj’8hv’.sh7;k,le7aoda[lj;oxtdv[ma’ &
oUD

dko9afdko0=h,6o0kj ;lkomuj,u9eo;o|hvp vkf9t9afdkofh;p,n 3fp[+8hv’.-hg7njv’
7v,ry;g8ud=wfhD

dyf9tde

9qj’deoqflj;oxtdv[0v’]t[q[0=h,6o0jk;lko c]t vtmy[kp7;k,\kp0v’lj;oxt
dv[c8]j t1kj ’D

5. xtgrf0v’0=h,6o

8k,mujdkj ;,kc]h;;jk 0=h,6o7n0=hgmaf9y’mujdjP;0hv’da[ly’j 8kj ’M g-y’j lk,kfc[’j vvd
gxaolv’xtgrf 7nG 0=h,6oxt4q,r6, c]t 0=h,6om58yptr6,

• 0=h,6oxt4q,r6, \kpg4y’0=h,6omujwfh9kddkogda[I;[I;, s^n [aombd9kdcs^j’0=h,6o
3fpdq’ g-yj’vkf9twfh9kddkolv[4k,F dkolerkfD dkoles^;fD dko9qf[aombd
9qoIvfdko9afsk,kfh;pg7njv’9advaf8t3o,af8kj ’M mufj egouodko9afgda[0=h,6owfh g-aoj G
g7nvj ’vjko]tsafF g7nvj ’vjkoc4[c,gj s^adF DDD 0=h,6oxt4q,r6,9bj’gxao0=h,6orNo4komujwfh,k9kd
95fdegouf0v’,aoD

• 0=h,6om58yptr6, \kpg4y’0=h,6omuzj 6hvnoj MI;[I;,w;hc]h; [k’gmnjvvkf9t,udko
xt,;ozqogrnvj gxao0=h,6o0jk;lkoF z6h.-h[+9egxao8hv’wfhwxles^;fgv’D 8q;1kj ’ 0=h,6olt4y8y
8jk’M muj|;j p’ko0v’]afgIafw;hc]h; g-aoj G lt4y8y9eo;oxt-kdvo.oc8j]tc0;’F lt4y8y
dkolqj’lyo7hkg0Qk{vvdD 0=h,6ogs^qjkoU ,udkory,gzupczgj rnjv.sh.-h;Pdwfh s^n oegvqkxt,;o
zqo8+D

xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D! 28

dyf9tde

9q’j ry9k]tok0=h7;k,mudj eoqf.sh8+wxoU;jk gxao0=h,6o s^n 0=h,6o0kj ;lkoG

]efa[ 0=h7;k, 0=h,6o 0=h,6o0jk;lko

! 8k8t]k’dkogfuomk’
@ .[lts^5[]kp’ko
# v5ostr6,0v’m5drkdrkp.oxtgmf
$ zqodkoIPo0v’oadIPo
& 0jk;.o|a’lnry,xt9e;ao

lt4y8yxt-kdvo.oc0;’

6. dkoxt,;ozqo0=h,6o ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

.odkooe0=h,6owx.-h.shgdufxt3spf s^n dkogIaf.sh0=h,6ogxao0=h,6o0jk;lko grnjv9toe
wx.-h.shgxaoxt3spfwfh 9egxao8hv’,udkoxt,;ozqodjvoD

dkoxt,;ozqo0=h,6ogxao0t[;odko muj,u0t[;odkopjvps^kpvaoxtdv[g0Qkdao g]uj,
8A’c8jdkoI;[I;,0=h,6oF dkow9hcpdF dkod;flv[7;k,4nd8hv’F dko7eo;oF dko9af
]efa[F dko]kp’kozqo9qog4y’dkolq’j s^n c9d1kp0=h,6ooAoD

dkoxt,;ozqo0=h,6o9b’j gxaodyf9tdemuj,u7;k,le7ao grkt0=h,6omu,j u16vj hv,Iv[8q;gIqk
,u9eo;os^;’s^kp c]t dkooe.-h9b’j 8hv’,udkoxt,;ozqo grnvj .shgxao0=h,6o0jk;lkoD dyf
9tdes^adgrnjv.shwfh,kgxao0=h,6o0kj ;lko 9b’j xtdv[fh;pdyf9tdedkoI;[I;,0=h,6o g-yj’
8hv’,udkod;flv[7;k,4nd8hv’oevudD dyf9tdext,;ozqovkfgxaodkoc[j’cpd0=h,6oF
dko9af;k’0=h,6oF dko7eo;o c]t dyf9tdegda[Iadlk0=h,6o g-y’j vkf8hv’,udkogIaf
legoqk s^n lhk’gxao[qf]kp’kogrnjvc9d1kpD

xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D! 29

7. ;ymudkoxt,;ozqo0=h,6o

dkoxt,;ozqo0=h,6ovkf9t,us^kp;ymu g-yj’.ooU 9tdjk;g4y’rP’c8dj koxt,;ozqo
0=h,6o fh;p g7njv’7v,ry;g8u c]t lk,kfc[’j wfh8k,ltrk[dkooegvqk0=h,6o,kxt,;ozqo
wfhcdGj

7.1 dkoxt,;ozqo3fpdq’ (online processing)
dkoxt,;ozqo3fpdq’ \kpg4y’dkogIaf;Pd’ko.o8vomuj0=h,6ogfuomk’wx8k,lkp

laopkog-njv,8+9kdg7nvj ’xkpmk’ (terminal) wxsk4ko0=h,6o0v’g7nvj ’s^admu.j -h.odko
xt,;ozqoD dkoxt,;ozqoc[[oU 9b’j gxaodkoxt,;ozqo3fpmaomumao.f g-ajoG dko9v’
xUpqoF dko-Nlyo7hk.oIhkola[rtlyo7hk c]t dko/kd4vog’yozkj o86hgvmugv, (Automatic
Teller Machine: ATM) mujgxao;ymudkomujoypq,.-hdaoD

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

I6[ @D* 8q;1kj ’ dkoxt,;ozqo3fpdq’ 30

xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D!

7.2 dkoxt,;ozqoc[[dj5, (batch processing)
dkoxt,;ozqoc[[d5j, \kpg4y’dkoxt,;ozqo.og]nvj ’mulj qo.9gxaoc8j]tgmnvj g-ajoG

g,njv8hv’dkoI6hzqoles^;f7;k,oypq,0v’xt-k-qo 8+dkog]nvd8A’lt,k-ydltrkz6hcmo
xt-k-qo s^n rklkva’dyf gvUo;jk 3r] (poll). .os^kpxtgmf wfh,udkoles^;f0=h,6o
3fpgda[I;[I;,0=h,6o c]t g,nvj gda[wfhc]h; d=oe,kxhvog0Qkg7nvj ’7v,ry;g8u c]h;oegvqk
0=h,6ooAo,kxt,;ozqo8k,3xicdi,mujwfhdeoqfw;h grnvj ]kp’kozqo s^n lts^5[zqosk7e
8v[D d=]touxt,;ozqoc[[oU 9b’j gIaf.o]adltotgxao7A’M grnvj .shwfhzqoIa[3fp9t8hv’,u
dkoI;[I;,0=h,6ow;hdvj oD

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

I6[ @D( 8q;1kj ’ dkoxt,;ozqoc[[d5j,

.odkoxt,;ozqoma’lv’c[[oU gxao;ymudkomuj.-hg7nvj ’7v,ry;g8u-j;pfegouodkoda[
0=h,6o9eo;o,tsklko grnvj w9hcpdF 7eo;o s^n fegouodko8k,mujdeoqfw;h.o3xicdi,D
dkogIaf;Pd0v’7v,ry;g8u.odkoxt,;ozqo 9bj’8hv’,u-v[c; s^n 3xicdi, ]=4hklaj’dko
grnvj .shwfhzqoIa[8k,I6[c[[muj8hv’dkoD

xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D! 31

8. dko9afdko0=h,6o0kj ;lko ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

0=h,6o0kj ;lkogxaolyj’mu,j uxt3spf c]t 9egxaole]a[.-hg0Qk.o;Pd’kofhko8kj ’MD
oadIPovkfI;[I;,]kp-nj0v’\6j c]t gda[0=h,6o8jk’M djP;da[g0qkg9Qk c]h;oe,k
lts^5[8k,mu8j hv’dkoD dko9afdko0=h,6o0kj ;lko 9bj’I;,g4y’0Ao8vodkofegouodko
8A’c80j Aog]u,j 8Qo 9qowfh0=h,6o0kj ;lko,kD dkofegouodko grnjv.shgxao0=h,6o0kj ;lko,us^kp
0Ao8vo 7nG

• dkogda[I;[I;,0=h,6oG lq,,5foadIPo8hv’dkogda[I;[I;,0=h,6orNo4kog]njv’
vk-u[0v’7qo.o\6[j hkoD oadIPovkf9tg]u,j 8Qofh;pdkovvdc[[lv[4k,le]a[dkowx
les^;f0=h,6o grnjv.sh7v[7q;8jk’M.o\6j[hko8n,j 0=h,6o.ljD ;Pd’kofaj’dkj ;gduf0Bowfh 3fpdko
lqj’c[[lv[4k,oAowxskz6hmu9j t8v[c[[lv[4k, grnjvdko8n,j 0=h,6o.l.j sh]tvPf c]t
,udkogda[I;[I;,0=h,6oD dkogda[0=h,6o,ug8adoyd c]t ;ymudkos^kp1kj ’ g-ajoG dko.-h
g7njv’9ad-;j pgda[I;[I;,0=h,6o 3fpdkod;f9kd]tsaf s^n vkj o0=h,6omu.j -hl=fe]t[kp
.o8ec|j’0v’0=h,6oD

• dkod;flv[0=h,6oG g,nvj gda[I;[I;,0=h,6owfhc]h; 9egxao8hv’d;flv[7;k,4nd
8hv’0v’0=h,6o c]t ,udkocdhw00=h,6ooAo.sh4nd8hv’D 0=h,6omu9j afgda[8hv’4nd8hv’ c]t g-nvj 4n
wfh 4hkskd0=h,6o0kf7;k,g-njv4nc]h; 0=h,6o0kj ;lkomujwfh,koAo d=.-hdko[+wfhD

• dkoI;[I;,gxaoc2h,0=h,6oG dkogda[I;[I;,0=h,6ow;hgxaoc2h,oAo gxao0Ao8vo
mujle7ao0Ao8vo|b’j D dkowxles^;f0=h,6o [+;kj 9t.og]nvj ’.f lj;os^kp9tI;[I;,gvqk0=h,6o
,ks^kpg]nvj ’D ,ao9egxao8hv’c[’j cpd0=h,6ogs^qkj oAovvdgxaod5j, gxaog]njv’ w;hgxaoc2h,0=h,6o
grnjv.shdkofegouodko.o0Ao8vo8+wxltf;d c]t ;jv’w;0BoD

• dko9af;k’0=h,6oG 0=h,6omugj da[w;hgxaoc2h,7;o9af;k’.shgxao]efa[ grnvj ltf;d
.odko7Qosk s^n vhk’vu’.orkps^a’D dko9af;k’0=h,6ogxao;ymudkoxt,;ozqo0=h,6o.shgxao
0=h,6o0jk;lko;ymu|bj’D

• dko7eo;oG 0=h,6omu9j afgda[ ,uma’0=h,6omugj xao8q;vadlvoD 0=h7;k, c]t 8q;g]d
fa’j oAoF ,aovkf,u7;k,9egxao.odko7eo;o9eo;omujwfh,k9kd0=h,6o g-ajoG dko-vdsk7jk
ltg]pj F zqoI;,F DDD

xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D! 32

• dkolhk’[qf]kp’koG gIqklk,kfgIaf [qf]kp’ko.oI6[c[[8jk’M8k,7;k,ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ
8hv’dkowfh 3fpoe.-h0=h,6o0jk;lkomuzj jkodkoxt,;ozqoc]h; wfh1jk’;vj ’w; c]t ,uxtlyf
myrk[D

• dkoIadlk0=h,6o0jk;lkoG 0=h,6omujwfhI;[I;,,k c]t wfhIa[dkoxt,;ozqo.sh
gxao0=h,6o0kj ;lkomulj k,kf.-hdkowfh c]t ,u7;k,9egxao8hv’wfhIadlkw;h grnjv.-h.opk,
8hv’dkoD .oltw\.\oj U gryoj oypq,Iadlk0=h,6o0jk;lkow;hgxao2kpgvg]ad38ioyd g-ajoG
czoj [aombdgvdtlko s^n czjo-ufu (Compact Disk: CD)F DDD

• dkogIaflegoqkG skd8hv’dko.-h0=h,6o d=lk,kfdkj p s^n gIaflegoqk0Bo.\jwfhD
dkogIaflegoqk0=h,6ofh;p]t[q[7v,ry;g8u gIafwfh3fp’jkp c]t ;jv’w;D

• dkoc9d1kp c]t dkolnjlko0=h,6oG g,njvgIqk8hv’dkoc9d1kp s^n lqj’0=h,6o
.shz6hvnoj .-hoe gIqklk,kfgIafwfhfh;p;ymu8+lkp9kd7v,ry;g8u|j;p|bj’wxg-nvj ,3p’.ljda[
7v,ry;g8uvuds^kpM|j;pmuj8A’16lj t4komufj P;daoD dkogvqk0=h,6o0kj ;lkowxIadlkw;h.o]t
[q[g7njv0kj p7v,ry;g8u]tfa[mhv’4yoj (Intranet vkj o;kj “vyo8ikcoaf”) s^n ]t[q[g7nvj 0jkp
7v,ry;g8u]tfa[lkdqo (Internet vjko;jk “vyog8ucoaf”) vyog8ucoaf gIqkd=lk,kfc9d1kp
s^n lq’j 0=h,6o.shz6hvnjo.-h.o0v[g0fd;hk’0;k’wfh1kj ’ltf;d c]t ;vj ’w;D

9. dkocmo0=h,6o

zkj o,kwfhdkj ;w;h;kj 0=h,6o0jk;lko7n0=h,6omujwfhzkj odkoxt,;ozqo c]t dkoxt
,;ozqo0=h,6ol;j os^kp9t.-hg7njv’7v,ry;g8u-;j p grnjv7;k,;vj ’w; c]t -afg9oD fa’j oAoF
0=h,6omugj da[I;[I;,,kgrnvj .sh7v,ry;g8uxt,;ozqowfh 9t8hv’16.j oc[[muj,aog0Qk.9D gryoj 9b’j
9egxao8hv’lhk’;ymudkocmo0=h,6omugj xao8q;vad0ts^tD

• g7nvj ’7v,ry;g8u gIaf;Pdfh;pdko.-hlaopkogvg]ad38ioyd g-y’j ,ulv’lt4kot7nG
xyf c]t gxufD gryjodeoqf.sh.-h38g]d W c]t ! cmolt4kotma’lv’ c]t ,udkodeoqf
]tsafcmo.shvad0ts^t fh;pd5j,38g]dmujxtdv[fh;pg]d W c]t ! g-yj’gxao38g]d.o]t[q[
g]d4kolv’ (binary digit)D

c8j]ts^ad0v’9eo;o.o]t[q[g]d4kolv’ gryoj gvUo;kj [yf (bit)D .o ! [yf 9tcmo
0=h,6owfh @ c[[7nG W c]t ! c]t 4hk.-h38g]d4kolv’ $ [yf 9tcmovad0ts^twfhma’\qf @$
s^n !* c[[ fa’j oUG

xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D! 33

WWWW WWW! WW!W WW!! ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ
W!WW W!W! W!!W W!!!
!WWW !WW! !W!W !W!!
!!WW !!W! !!!W !!!!
sq;|;j p;afcmd7;k,vkflk,kf.odko[ao950=h,6o.o|;j p7;k,9e 9t4nd;afcmd
fh;p w[ (byte) 3fpmuj ! w[ gmqjkda[ ) [yfD 4hk.-hsq;|j;p;afcmdoU 9tlk,kfcmo]tsaf
8kj ’Mwfhg4y’ @) s^n @&* c[[ g-aoj G

W!WW WWW! .-hcmo8q; A
W!WW W!W! .-hcmo8q; B c]t 8+Mwx
]tsafvad0ts^trklkva’dyfma’\qf,u9eo;oI;,dao[+gduo !@) 38 c8jvad0ts^trklk
]k;,u9eo;os^kpd;kj gryoj 9bj’deoqf]tsafgruj,g8u, grnjv.-h.o;Pd0=h,6o0jk;lkomujgxaork
lk]k;wfh g-ajoG ]tsaf !W!W WWW! .-hcmo 38 dD
]tsafmuj.-hcmovad0ts^t gxao,kf8t4koc[[|bj’ 7nG ASCII vjko;kj
“]tsafcvfltdu” c]t sp=h,k9kd American Standard Code for Information
InterchangeD ]tsafcmovad0ts^t.o,kf8t4kooU ltcf’.o8k8t]k’ faj’I6[ @D)D

9kddkomujg]d4kolv’ ! w[ .-hcmo]tsafwfh ! 38vad0ts^t 4hk,u0=h7;k,muxj tdv[
fh;p38vad0ts^ts^kp38 d=.-h]tsafg]d4kolv’s^kpw[IP’8+dao g-aoj G

dtfko .-h !W!W WWW! !!W! WWWW !W!! W!WW !!!W W!W! !!WW !WW! g-y’j wfh,k
9kd]tsafG !W!W WWW! cmo.sh d

!!W! WWWW cmo.sh Vt
!W!! W!WW cmo.sh f
!!!W W!W! cmo.sh Vk
!!WW !WW! cmo.sh o

xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D! 34

b7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

b6 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1

b5 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1

b4 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
b3 b2 b1 b0    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F

0 0 0 0 0       0 @ P ` p       {4tg Q

0 0 0 1 1       ! 1 A Q a q       d R , h c @

0 0 1 0 2       " 2 B R b r       - < p k F #

0 0 1 1 3       # 3 C S c s       \ I i e . $

0 1 0 0 4       $ 4 D T d t       8 f A B W %

0 1 0 1 5       % 5 E U e u       | 9 ] u 1 *

0 1 1 0 6       & 6 F V f v       S 5 ? N Q (

0 1 1 1 7       7 G W g w       ‘ m ; 7 N )
ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ
1 0 0 0 8       ( 8 H X h x       0 T L 6 J _

1 0 0 1 9       ) 9 I Y i y       C o K ^ +

1 0 1 0 A       * : J Z j z       = [ l B h q

1 0 1 1 B       + ; K [ k ?       : x s 3 1

1 1 0 0 C       , < L \ l :       G z > Y1

1 1 0 1 D       - = M ] m       P / v J

1 1 1 0 E       . > N ^ n       E r V N

1 1 1 1 F       / ? O _ o       E a O &

I6[ @D) 8k8t]k’ltcf’]tsafcvfltdu mujgxaovad0ts^trklkva’dyf c]t rklk]k;
XLAOFONT?

xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D! 35

10. c2h,0=h,6o

lq,,5f;kj 8hv’dkogda[0=h,6o0v’oadIPo g-y’j xtdv[fh;p-nj c]t 7tcoolv[gla’
0v’oadIPo.o-AoIPo|b’j D .ol;j o7tcoolv[gla’xtdv[fh;p7tcoolv[gla’xt9egfnvo
9eo;o @ gfnvo c]t lv[gla’mhkprkdIPo 9eo;o ! rkdIPoD ]adltot0v’0=h,6o
mu9j afgda[lk,kflhk’gxaoc2h, (file) wfh 3fp.oc2h,9t,u]kpdko0v’oadIPoc8j]t7qo
g-yj’ gvUo;jk mt[Po s^n ]kpdko (record)D rkp.omt[Po9t,ud5j,0=h,6opjvp gvUo;kj
lj;o0=h,6o (field)D

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

I6[ @D_ ltcf’c2h,0=h,6oxts;afdkoIPo;y-kg8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0kj ;lko

xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D! 36

3fpxqddt8y c2h,0=h,6ovkf9t0Powfh.o8k8t]k’fj’a ]5j,oUG

8k8t]k’ mu ! ltcf’zqodkoIPo0v’oadIPo.o;y-kg8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0kj ;lko

g]dxt9e8q; -nj c]t ok,ltd5o 7tcoolv[gla’
gfnvomu ! gfnvomu @ rkdIPo
#W$W! mD 9y]tlad (@ )W )&
#W$!! oD l5f.9 *& (W (@
#W$!& oD r5fmyfk (W (! )W
D
D

lj;os^kpc]h; c2h,0=h,6o9t4nd9afgda[.oI6[c[[8k8t]k’ g-yj’c8j]t[aomaf0v’
0=h,6oltcf’g4y’]kpdko g-aoj G [=]yg;omujmkfh;plu c,oj ! ]kpdkoD .o]kpdkofaj’dkj ;
c[’j vvdgxao & lj;o 7nG g]dxt9e8q;F -nj c]t ok,ltd5oF 7tcooxt9egfnvomu !F mu @
c]t rkdIPoD
ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D! 37

dyf9tde

1. .shoadIPoc[j’d5j, g-y’j c8]j td5j,xtdv[fh;p $ s^n & 7qoD 9kdoAoF .shlqomtokdao
dPj ;da[;ymudko-vdskgxug-ao0v’grfpy’ c]t grf-kp0v’9eo;ooadIPo.oshv’
IPo Xvkf9tc8h,czo;kfc[[0t|q,w0j (Pie) xtdv[?D

2. .sh9a[760j =h7;k,mk’fhko-hkpc80j =h ! sk 0=h !W da[7ela[mk’fhko0;k c80j =h d sk 0=h 8
.sh4nd8hv’D

0=h7;k, 7ela[

1) dko9v’xU]qf dD 0=h,6oxt4q,r6,

2) dko[aombdxts;afoadIPomujg0QkIPo 0D 0=h,6om58yptr6,

3) 0=h,6omujzkj odkoxt,;ozqo 7D 0Ao8vodkoxt8y[af

4) lj;oxtdv[|b’j 0v’]t[q[0=h,6o0jk;lko ’D dkogda[I;[I;,0=h,6o

mujlaj’.sh7v,ry;g8ugIaf;Pd 8k,7;k,8hv’ ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

dko 0v’,to5f

5) 0Ao8vomujdeoqfw;h.o]t[q[0=h,6o0kj ;lko 9D dkoxt,;ozqo3fpdq’

6) xt]y,kodkolq’j lyo7hkvvd9e|kj p8jk’xt lD 0=h,6o0kj ;lko

gmfc8j]txumuwj x0=vaflegoqk9kddt-;’

dko7hk

7) ];’l6’0v’\6jmuwj x4k,oec8j]t7qo -D c2h,0=h,6o

8) dkosk7jkltg]jp0v’7tcoo;y-kg8ad3o pD -v[c;

3]-u0=h,6o0kj ;lko

9) dkogda[0=h,6oc]h;9afw;hgxaoc2h, fD ]tsaf0=h,6o

10) dkocmo38g]d4kolv’.sh8q;vad0ts^t 8D dko7eo;o

xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D! 38

[qfmu #ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

dko0tspkp8q;0v’7v,ry;g8u

zjkodkoIPo[qfoU oadIPolk,kfG

• vtmy[kpdko0tskp8q;0v’7v,ry;g8u.oc8]j tp5d
• [vd]adltotle7ao0v’7v,ry;g8u.oc8j]tp5d
• vtmy[kp7;k,\kp0v’ g8ad3o3]-ulnjxtlq,

7e4k,7Qo7;hkG

• 7v,ry;g8uwfh,udko0tskp8q;,kco;.fL
• vao.fgxao]adltotle7ao0v’7v,ry;g8u.oc8j]tp5dL
• g8ad3o3]-ulnjxtlq,c,jospa’L

d=]toulbdlkG

oadIPog7up7yf[=;jk ,to5f.oltw\[6Iko g0qkg9Qk7eo;og]dmu,j u9eo;os^;’s^kpwfh
co;.f 3fp.ow]ptg;]koAo pa’[+mao,ug7njv’,nmumj aoltw\ s^n g7njv’7v,ry;g8ug\nvodaoda[
.oltw\oUL c]t g7nvj ’,nmurj ;dg0qkg9Qk.-h.oc8j]tp5d9t,uI6[Ikj ’ c]t ;ymudkogIaf
;Pd7nco;.fL ]adltot0v’g7njv’7v,ry;g8u.oxaf95[aogxaoco;.fL

1. g7nvj ’7eo;o.op5dxts;aflkf

9kdp5dsuo9qog4y’g7njv’7eo;omuj’jkpfkpF ,to5fwfh,udkorafmtok,ks^kpfhkogrnjv
dkogvqk8q;]vf.odkofe]q’-u;yf g-aoj G

.oltw\[6IkoF ,to5fwfhvkwl,n s^n ly’j 0v’8kj ’ 8q;1kj ’ dhvosuoF mjvow,hF dtf6dlafF
DDD grnjvgxaolyj’xP[mP[9eo;o s^n gxaog7nvj ’,n-;j p.odkooa[9eo;oD [k’r;dd=.-h3’josuo
s^n /k4E gxao[vj o0uf0Pogxaomjvo-nj grnjv-j;p.odkooa[9eo;oD

xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D! 39

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

I6[ #D! dkooe.-hg7njv’,n7eo;o.oltw\[6Iko

xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D! 40

g7njv’7eo;omuIj 6h9addaofu c]t .-hdao,k8A’c8lj tw\dvj o X.oxts;aflkf? 7nG ]6d7yf
(Abacus)D 9kds^ad4komk’xts;aflkfrq[;kj ]6d7yfgxaog7njv’7eo;omujoypq,.-hdao.od5,j
7qo-k;9uo,ks^kpd;jk (DWWW xu c]t .-hdao.oxtgmfvu1y[3[Iko,ks^kpd;kj @D&WW xuD
]6d7yf0v’9uoxtdv[fh;p]6dxafIhvp.ljda[Ik; gxaoc4;8k,];’8A’ 3fpc8j]tc4;gxao
lv’lj;oD lj;ogmy’,u]6dxaf @ ]6dF lj;o]5,j ,u]6dxaf & ]6dD c8]j tc4;cmo.shs^ad0v’
8q;g]dD

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

I6[ #D@ ]6d7yf-toyf8jk’M

xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D! 41

mjko 9vo cogxp (John Napier) gxaooad7toyflkf 7qoxtgmfltdvfc]oF
wfhrafmtokg7njv’7eo;omulj k,kf76o9eo;o8q;g]d9eo;os^kpwfh g-y’j gvUo;kj dtf6dgo
gxp (Napier’s Rods or Napier’s Bones)D dko.lj-nj0v’g7njv’7eo;ofaj’djk;dPj ;0hv’
da[dtf6d phvo;jk ,aowfhzt]yf,k9kddtf6d0v’lafoAogv’D

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

I6[ #D# dtf6dgogxp c]t mjko 9vo cogxp 42

xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D!

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7nG g7njv’7eo;o0v’ xkldkoD g7njv’7eo;ooU lk,kf[;d c]t ]q[9eo;o 3fpdko.-h
]t[q[dqowd0v’\kdg2nv’ muj0afdao16j grnjv.sh,udkog7njvows;8=gj onvj ’daoD mjko [tc]g-u
xkldko (Blaise Pascal), oad7toyflkf 7qoxtgmf/iaj’glfF wfhlhk’g7njv’7eo;ooU0Bo,k
.oxu 7Dl !*$@ c]t gxaog7nvj ’7eo;omujI6h9addaos^kp .op5doAoD

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ
I6[ #D$ mjko [tc]g-u xkldko c]t g7nvj ’7eo;oxkldko

.oxu 7Dl !*_$ mjko dvf2iuf ;vo w]oy- (Gottfried von Leibnitz)
gxaooad7toyflkf 7qoxtgmf g1p]t,aoF wfhxtfyfg7nvj ’7eo;o w]oy- muj,u7;k,lk,kf
.odko[;dF ]q[F 76o c]t sko9eo;owfhD

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xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D! 43

9kd7;k,I6h.og]njv’g7njv’7eo;odqowdmuj mjko xkldko c]t w]oy- mujwfh;k’w;h
gIaf.sh,uz6hrafmtokg7nvj ’7eo;o8+gonjv’dao,k c]t ,u7;k,dhk;|hk,kgxao]efa[D .ow]pt
xu 7Dl !*_( g4y’ !)WW v5fltstde8Oczjowfh9tg]uodhk;|hk gIaf.sh,u7;k,rtpkpk,
.odkozt]yfg7njv’8Ozhkvaf8t3o,af fh;pdko.-h[afg9ktI6 grnvj gIaf.shg7nvj ’9adgIaf;Pd
8k,3xicdi,muj;k’w;hD

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

I6[ #D* g7nvj ’8Ozhkvaf8t3o,af fh;pdko.-h[afg9ktI6

[5d7qovudz6h|bj’mu,j u[qf[kfle7aos^kp8+dkozt]yfg7njv’7eo;o 7nG mkj o -kdg]u [a[
c[d (Charles Babbage) 7qoxtgmfva’dyfD .oxu 7Dl !)WW -kdg]u wfhxtlq[zqoleg]af
.odkolhk’g7nvj ’7eo;omugj vUo;jkG fy[g2ugio gvo9yo (Difference Engine). 8+,k.oxu 7Dl
!)!! ]k;wfhrafmtokg7nvj ’7eo;oc[[.\j gvUo;kj cvokw]8yd7vo cvo9yo (Analytical

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Engine) muj,u]adltot7hkp7ng7njv’8v,ry;g8u.oxaf95[ao g-y’j ,u|;j p7;k,9eF |j;p7eo;o
c]t ;ymudkomu9j tgIaf.shg7njv’gIaf;Pd8k,7ela’j 9qowfhzqoIa[vvd,kD gonvj ’9kdg7nvj ’
7eo;o-toyfmulv’ gxaog7nvj ’muj8hv’.-hdqowd9eo;os^kp c]t l;j oxtdv[mu,j u7;k,]t
vPfl6’ g-y’j g8ad3o3]-u.oltw\oAo [+lk,kfIv’Ia[dkozt]yflj;oxtdv[gs^qjkoAowfh gIaf
.shg7nvj ’7eo;ofaj’dkj ;muj]k;zt]yf0Bo,koAo [+lk,kf.-h;PdwfhD

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

I6[ #D( g7njv’7eo;o fy[g2ugio gvo9yo c]t cvokw]8yd7vo cvo9yo

xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D! 45

8+,k.oxu 7Dl !)_* mjko gIu,ao Ivog]u]yf (Herman Hollerith) wfhd+8A’[=]ylaf
grnvj zt]yf c]t 9e|kj pg7njv’9ad-;j p.odko7eo;o 3fp.lj-nj[=]ylaf;kj 7v,ry;8y’ gm[[6
]k8y’ gi7vffy’ (Computing Tabulating Recording = CTR). s^a’9kdoAoF .oxu 7Dl
!_@$ wfhxPj o-n,j kgxao[=]ylaf wv[ugva, (IBM = Internaional Business Machine) c]t
[=]ylafoU ,u[qf[kfle7ao.odkozt]yfg7nvj ’7v,ry;g8u g7njv’mevyf0v’3]dD

.oxu 7Dl !_$$ [=]ylaf wv[ugva, wfhlhk’g7nvj ’7eo;omulj k,kf7eo;o9eo;o
muj,u7kj 8jk’M wfh 3fpsq;|hk37’dkoc,oj mkj o lkfltfk9ko 3I;kif wvcdo (Howard
Aiken) 9kd,tsk;ymtpkw] Ik;kf c]t .l-j ngj 7nvj ’7eo;ooU;kj ,kd|b’j (Mark I)D

ສະຫງສ.ວວນ.ລິສຂະສິດ

I6[ #D) g7nvj ’7eo;o,kd|bj’

2. 7v,ry;g8u.op5dl6opkdkf X7Dl !_$W{!_&#?

s^vfl6opkdkfgxaol;j oxtdv[gvg]ad38ioydmu,j u0t|kf.spj c]t 8hv’dko.-hdtcl
w22hks^kp grnvj gzqkw\hwlhs^vf (Vacuum tube) .shgduf[ao95w22hkgvg]ad8iq’c]oj zkj o
8k|kj ’ (grid)D dkogIaf;Pd0v’s^vfl6opkdkfgxao;ymudko7;[75,dkog7njvomuj0v’
gvg]ad8iq’mujc]jozjkoczjo8k|kj ’D

xB,c[[IPo ICT ,D! 46