ວິຊາເຕັກໂນໂລຊີ ຂໍ້ມູນຂ່າວສານ ແລະ ການສື່ສານ ມ.3

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ສ.ວ.ສ c[[IPo g8ad3o3]-u0h=,6o0j k;lko c]t dkoln j lko (ICT) -Ao,afmtpq,lbdlk xumu 3 IP[IP’3fpG [aort-yf rq,3rmyF l6orafmtokvk-u;tlbdlk d;fcdh3fpG dq’.9 lul5ikfF ,tsk;ymtpkw] csj’-kf l5dlts;ao rvogm;kF lD;Dl ry,g0Qk|hk3fpG [aort-yf rq,3rmyF l6orafmtokvk-u;tlbdlk l5dlk7vo rq’v5fq,F lD;Dl 3fpdkoIj;,,nd;fzjko9kdG 9aomt]k ry]q,]kladF lD;Dl vko5lvo fyofk;q’F ,Dl lu4kog|nv 9y’3d 3-d,uw-F ,Dl ;P’9ao dt-;’lbdlkmydko c]t dy]k lt4k[ao7Qo7;hk;ymtpklkfdkolbdlk 2012

7eoe xN,c[[IPo;y-kg8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lko c]t dkolnjlkogs^A,oU wfhIa[dkoIP[ IP’0Bo grnjvdkoIPodkolvo8k,czoxt8yI6[s^adl6flk,aolbdlk xu @WW_ 0v’;y-k g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lko c]t dkolnjlko -Ao,afmtpq,lbdlk8vo8QoD .oxN, c[[IPo g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lko c]t dkolnjlko-Ao,afmtpq,lbdlkxumu # oUF cdo0v’s^adl6fxt dv[fh;pgoNv.o.spj7nG { Ikfc;0v’7v,ry;g8u { dko8yf8A’ c]t dkoxtdv[0v’7v,ry;g8u { dko8yf8A’]t[q[xt8y[afdko c]t 3xicdi,rNo4koD { g7nv0jkp7v,ry;g8uD { vyog8ucoafD xN,c[[IPogs^A,oU wfhIa[dkoIP[IP’0Bo grnjv.shoadIPo.-hgxao76j,ndkoIPo;y-k g8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lko ma’gxaodko-j;p.sh76lvo8k,s^addkoIPodkolvo c[[gvqkoad IPogxao.9dk’ 3fp.shoadIPolbdlk7Qo7;hkF xt8y[af8q;9y’F lhk’ c]t 7Qorq[7;k,I6h fh;p8qogv’gxaolj;o.spjrkp.8hdko.sh7exbdlk c]t cotoe0v’76D fja’oAoF [qfIPoc8j]t [qf0v’xB,gs^A,oU 9bj’xtdv[wxfh;p.97;k,[qfIPoF dyf9tde c]t 7e4k,7Qo7;hkD dko la[-hvo[qf c]t goNv.o[qfIPo c,jovu’.ljltrk[95fryglf0v’oadIPo c]t 7;k,gxao9y’ 0v’dkoIPodkolvo;y-kg8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lko c]t dkolnjlko.oxtgmfgIqkD gonjv’ 9kdxB,c[[IPog8ad3o3]-u0=h,6o0jk;lko c]t dkolnjlkole]a[-Ao,afmtpq,lbdlkxumu # wfhIa[dkoIP[IP’0Bogxao7A’mevyf 9bj’[+xklt9kd0=h0kf8qd[qdrjv’wfhD ltoAoF 9bj’0=7;k, Ij;,,noemjkoz6h.-hxB,gs^A,oU 9qj’-j;pla’gdf95f[qdrjv’ s^n 95fzyfrkfmuj,u16j.oxB,gs^A,oU c]h; ljq’7;k,7yfgsao0v’mjkowxpa’ lt4k[ao7Qo7;hk;ymtpklkfdkolbdlk grnjvxa[x5’.shfu d;jkgdqjk.odkory,7A’8+wxD lt4k[ao7Qo7;hk;ymtpklkfdkolbdlk

ສ.ວ.ສ lk]t[ko [qfmu ! Ikfc;7v,ry;g8u ...................................................................................... 1 !D! |j;pxt,;ozqodk’ (Central Processing Unit) .................................... 1 !D!D! lj;oxtdv[0v’|j;pxt,;ozqodk’ ............................................................................ 1 !D!D@ dkogIaf;Pd0v’|j;pxt,;ozqodk’........................................................................... 2 !D!D# 7;k,w;0v’|j;pxt,;ozqodk’ .................................................................................. 3 !D@ |j;p7;k,9e (Memory) ..................................................................... 4 !D@D! |j;p7;k,9e-qj;7k; (Random Access Memory) ........................................................... 4 !D@D@ |j;p7;k,9e4k;vo (Read Only Memory) ................................................................... 4 !D@D# |j;p7;k,9es^ad (Physical Memory) .............................................................................. 5 !D@D$ 7;k,w;0v’|j;p7;k,9es^ad ....................................................................................... 6 !D@D& |j;p7;k,9ec7- (CACHE)........................................................................................... 7 !D# dtfkos^ad (Main Board) ...................................................................... 7 !D#D! -y[g-af (Chipset) ................................................................................................................. 8 !D#D@ -avdgdaf-uru16 (CPU Socket) .............................................................................................. 9 !D#D# lt]avf0tspkp (Expansion Slot) .................................................................................... 9 !D#D$ lt]avf|j;p7;k,9e (Memory Slot) .............................................................................10 !D$ v5xtdvogda[0=h,6o (Storage Devices) .................................................. 10 !D& v5xtdvoleIv’0=h,6o (Optical Storage) .............................................. 13 !D&D! czjoleIv’0=h,6o (Optical Disc) ......................................................................................13 !D&D@ g7njv’vjkoczjogda[0=h,6o (Optical Devices) .....................................................................14 !D* 7kfltcf’zqo (Display Adapter) ...................................................... 15 !D*D! |j;pxt,;ozqork[ (Graphic Processing Unit) ............................................................15 !D*D@ -toyf0v’7kfltcf’zqo ...............................................................................................16 !D( |j;p9=ltcf’zqo (Monitor) ................................................................ 18 !D) v5xtdvoltcf’lP’ (Audio Devices) ................................................ 21 !D)D! 7kflP’ (Sound Card) .....................................................................................................21 !D)D@ ]e3r’ (Speaker) ..............................................................................................................22 !D)D# g7njv’2a’s6 (Headphone) ....................................................................................................22 !D)D$ g8ad3o3]-u]t[q[lP’fy9y8vo ..........................................................................................23 !D_ \=hxa[w2 (Power Supply) .................................................................... 24

[qfmu @ dko8yf8ah’ c]t dkoxtdv[7v,ry;g8u ................................................ 25 @D! g7njv’,n.odko8yf8ah’ c]t dkolhv,cx’7v,ry;g8u .............................. 25 @D@ dko8yf8ah’-uru16 .................................................................................... 25 @D# dko8yf8ah’|j;p7;k,9es^ad ................................................................. 29 @D$ dko8yf8ah’dtfkos^ad ........................................................................... 31 @D& dko8yf8ah’7kf0tspkp (Expansion Card) .............................................. 35 @D* dko8yf8ah’Ikffyl (Harddisk).............................................................. 37 @D( dko8yf8ah’v5xtdvoleIv’0=h,6o ........................................................... 39 @D) dko8yf8ah’v5xtdvovnjoM ....................................................................... 41 @D_ dkocdhw0[aosk8jk’Mmujgduf0Bo0v’dko8yf8ah’7v,ry;g8u ..................... 44 @D!W w[vvl (BIOS) .................................................................................... 45 @D!WD! 7;k,\kp0v’ BIOS ................................................................................................... 45 @D!WD@ [aosk c]t co;mk’cdhw00=hzyfrkfmujw[vvl[vd ................................................. 45 [qfmu # dko8yf8ah’ ]t[q[xt8y[afdko c]t 3xicdi,rnho4ko ........................... 47 #D! dko8yf8ah’]t[q[xt8y[afdko ................................................................ 47 #D!D! dko8ah’7jk BIOS .............................................................................................................. 47 #D!D@ g]uj,8qho8yf8ah’ Windows XP .............................................................................................. 48 #D!D# dko8ah’7jkz6h.-hg,njvg0qhk.-h Windows XP 7ah’mevyf ....................................................... 57 #D@ dko8yf8ah’wfig;u (Drivers) le]a[v5xtdvo8jk’M ...................................... 61 #D@D! wfig;u (Drivers) ................................................................................................................ 61 #D@D@ wfig;u.o Windows XP ..................................................................................................... 62 #D@D# dko8yf8ah’ Driver ............................................................................................................. 62 #D# dko8yf8ah’3xicdi,0ahorNo4ko ........................................................... 66

ສ.ວ.ສ [qfmu $g7nv0jkp7v,ry;g8u c]t dkolnjlko ...................................................... 72 $D! 7;k,\kp0v’dkolnjlkoF dkolnjlko0=h,6o c]t 3m]t7q,,tok7q, .... 72 $D@ -toyf0v’laopko ............................................................................... 72 $D@D! laopkoc[[8+gonjv’ (Analog Signal) ...............................................................................73 $D@D@ laopkoc[[[+8+gonjv’ (Digital Signal) .............................................................................73 $D# -jv’mk’dkolnjlko (Communication Channel) ................................. 74 $D#D! -jv’mk’dkolnjlkoc[[,ulkp (Physical Wire) ............................................................74 4.3.2 -jv’mk’dkolnjlkoc[[[+.-hlkp (Wireless Trainsmission) ..........................................78 $D$ xtgrf0v’g7nv0jkp ............................................................................ 82 $D& 37’lhk’0v’dkog-njv,8+g7nv0jkp (Network Topology) ...................... 84 $D&D! dkog-njv,8+c[[[afl (Bus Topology) .............................................................................84 $D&D@ dkog-njv,8+c[[fk; (Star Topology) .............................................................................85 $D&D# dkog-njv,8+c[[;q’cs;o (Token Ring Network) .........................................................86 $D&D$ dkog-njv,8+c[[xtlq, (Mesh Network) .........................................................................86 $D&D& dkog-njv,8+c[[[+.-hlkp (Wireless Network) ...............................................................87 [qfmu & vyog8ucoaf ................................................................................................. 89 &D! xts;af7;k,gxao,k0v’vyog8ucoaf ..................................................... 90 &D@ dkog-jnv,8+vyog8ucoaf (Internet Connection) ...................................... 91 &D# dkodeoqfg]d\kpmuj16j c]t -njg7nv0jkp ............................................... 92 &D#D! g]d\kpmuj16jvyog8ucoaf (Internet Protocol Address) .......................................................92 &D#D@ ]t[q[0v[g0f-njg7nv0jkp (Domain Name System) ..........................................................94 &D$ dko[=]ydkomk’vyog8ucoaf c]t dkolnjlko ........................................ 94 &D$D! 9qf\kpgvg]ad38ioyd (Electronic Mail) .........................................................................94 &D$D@ dkolqj’0=h7;k,maomu (Instant Messaging) ........................................................................94 &D$D# shv’lqomtok (Chat Room) .............................................................................................95 &D$D$ 3m]tla[mk’vyog8ucoaf (Internet Telephony) .................................................................96 &D$D& d5j,lqomtok USENET (User Network) ............................................................................96 &D$D* ]t[q[g7nv0jkpc[[d;hk’0;k’ (World Wide Web) ......................................................96 &D$D( 3xicdi,g-njv,8+g;a[w- (Web Browser) ........................................................................96

&D$D) ]t[q[7qhosk0=h,6o (Search Engine) ................................................................................... 96 &D& vyo8ikcoaf c]t gvad8ikcoaf (Intranet and Extranet) ...................... 97 xt,;o7ela[ ........................................................................................................ 99 lk]t[koI6[ ...................................................................................................... 100 gvdtlkovhk’vu’……………………………………………………………………………106

ສ.ວ.ສ 1 [qfmu ! Ikfc;7v,ry;g8u Ikfc;c,jorkdlj;o|bj’0v’7v,ry;g8umujwfhzjkodkolhk’0Bo,k 8k,c8j]tp5dF c8j ]tltw\D [k’-toyfd=.-hle]a[7v,ry;g8u8ah’38t (Personal Computer) c]t [k’-toyf c,jo.-hle]a[7v,ry;g8u Laptop g-yj’]kp]tvPf0v’Ikfc;7v,ry;g8u,ufaj’oUG !D! |j;pxt,;ozqodk’ (Central Processing Unit) |j;pxt,;ozqodk’ g-yj’I6hdaofu.o-njmuj;jk -uru16 s^n CPU sp=h,k9kd Central Processing Unit g-yj’gxaosq;|j;p muj,u|hkmuxt,;ozqo7elaj’ c]t 7;[75,dkogIaf;Pd ma’\qf0v’]t[q[7v,ry;g8u g-yj’7v,ry;g8u9tgIaf;Pdwfh4nd8hv’ c]t ;jv’w;rP’.f0Bo 16jda[7;k,w;0v’-uru16gmqjkoahoD 7v,ry;g8u0t|kf.spj g-ajoG g,og2i, (Mainframe) c]t -5[gxu7v,ry;g8u (Super Computer) 9tgvUo-uru16;jkG 3xig-lg-u (Processor)D I6[ !D!G I6[ltcf’-uru16.o]adltot8jk’M !D!D! lj;oxtdv[0v’|j;pxt,;ozqodk’ |j;pxt,;ozqodk’ xtdv[fh;p @ |j;ppjvp 7nG |j;p7;[75, c]t |j;pxt,;o zqo7elaj’ g-yj’c8j]t|j;ppjvp,u|hkmujfaj’oUG

2 • |j;p7;[75, (Control Unit) ,u|hkmujvjko7elaj’mujg0qhk,kgmnjv]t7elaj’ (Instruction) c]t 8u7;k,\kp (Decode) ;jkc,jospa’F oe.-h0=h,6o9kd.lg-yj’4n;jkgxao dko7;[75,dkogIaf;Pd0v’Ikfc;ma’\qf c]t xtlko’koda[|j;p8jk’M.o]t [q[7v,ry;g8uD • |j;pxt,;ozqo7elaj’ (Arithmetic/Logical Unit) ,u|hkmujxt,;ozqo7elaj’fh;p ;ymudkomk’7toyflkf g-ajoG [;dF ]q[F 76o c]t sko gxao8qho c]t xP[mP[7jk 0v’0=h,6o g-ajoG s^kpd;jkF ohvpd;jk s^n gmqjkda[gxao8qhoD !D!D@ dkogIaf;Pd0v’|j;pxt,;ozqodk’ dkoxt8y[af’ko0v’ -uru16 ];,,u $ 0aho8voG 0Ao8vomu !G |j;p7;[75,9tg0qhkg4y’7elaj’mujlqj’,k9kd|j;p7;k,9eD 0aho8vomu @G c,jo0Ao8vo8u7;k,\kp7elaj’ (Decode Instruction) 7elaj’9t4nd8u7;k, \kpgrnjv.shI6h;jk8hv’gIaf;Pdspa’F c]h;0=h,6omuj8hv’oe.-h.odkoxt,;ozqo 9t4ndg7njvophkp9kd|j;p7;k,9e,kw;h iu9ulg8u (Register) c]h;9bj’deoqf 7elaj’8+wxD 0aho8vomu #G c,jo0aho8voxt8y[af7elaj’ (Execute Instruction) gxao0aho8vomuj|j;pxt ,;ozqo7elaj’ 9tgIaf|hkmuj8u7;k,\kp7elaj’F [+;jk9tgxaodko7eo;omk’ 7toyflkf s^n dkoxP[mP[d=wfhg-ajofP;daoD 0aho8vomu $G c,jo0aho8vo[aombdzqomujwfhIa[9kd7elaj’ (Store Results) g-yj’9t,udkogda[ degvqkzqowfhIa[9kddkoxt,;ozqo]q’w;h.o|j;p7;k,9e grnjvoewxltcf’ zqo8+wxD 0aho8vo.odkogIaf;Pdwfhltcf’faj’I6[ !D@ ]5j,oUG I6[ !D@G czo;kfdkogIaf;Pd0v’|j;pxt,;ozqodk’

ສ.ວ.ສ 3 !D!D# 7;k,w;0v’|j;pxt,;ozqodk’ 3fpxqddt8yc]h; gIqk9t;afcmd7;k,w;0v’g7njv’7v,ry;g8u 9kd7;k,w;0v’-uru16 g-yj’sq;|j;p;afcmd7;k,w;0v’ -uru16 9tc,jo gIuf- (Hertz) g-yj’0Posp=hfh;p “Hz” \kpg4y’dkogIaf;Pd0v’ -uru16 |bj’7ah’.o|bj’;yokmuoahogv’D sq;|j;p;afcmd7;k,w; 1 KHz (Kilohertz) = 1,000 Hz 1 MHz (Megahertz) = 1,000,000 Hz 1 GHz (Gigahertz) = 1,000,000,000 Hz 8k8t]k’ !D!G sq;|j;p;afcmd7;k,w;0v’-uru16 -uru16.oxaf95[ao ,u7;k,w; X7;k,4uj? @D) GHz g-yj’lk,kfgIaf;Pdwfhg4y’ @F)WWFWWWFWWW 7ah’8+;yokmu g-ajoG -uru16 Intel Pentium 4 muj,u7;k,w; #D) GHz lk,kfgIaf ;Pdwfh #F)WWFWWWFWWW 7ah’8+;yokmuD dkogIaf;Pd0v’7v,ry;g8uoahoF -uru16 9t8hv’8yf8+da[ |j;p7;k,9e16j8ts^vfg;]k grnjvgvuho.-h0=h,6o s^n 7elaj’9kd|j;p7;k,9eF c8j;jk7;k,w; .odkogIaf;Pd0v’|j;p7;k,9e.oxaf95[ao g,njvxP[mP[da[7;k,w;0v’ -uru16 c]h;gsao ;jkc8d8jk’daos^kpD .oxaf95[ao CPU wfh,udkorafmtok1jk’8+gonjv’F CPU mujwfhIa[7;k,oypq,mujl5fc,jo CPU 0v’ Intel (Intel Celeron, Intel Pentium, Intel Core 2 Duo, c]tvnjoM) c]t AMD (AMD Athron c]t AMD Phenom) g-yj’,udkorafmtok16j8ts^vfg;]kD I6[ !D#G I6[ltcf’ -uru16 I5jo8jk’M muj,u16j.oxaf95[ao

4 !D@ |j;p7;k,9e (Memory) |j;p7;k,9e gxao[jvogda[Iadlk0=h,6ow;h-qj;7k; 3fp9tgda[0=h,6omujwfhIa[9kdv5xt dvoxhvo0=h,6o (Input Devices) s^n v5xtdvoIadlk0=h,6o (Storage Devices) grnjvlqj’8+wx.sh |j;pxt,;ozqodk’ grnjvxt,;ozqoD g,njv -uru16 xt,;ozqo0=h,6oIP[Ihvpc]h;d=9tlqj’zqo ,kgda[w;h.o|j;p7;k,9edjvoF c]h;9bj’oewxltcf’zqovvdmk’|j;pltcf’zqo (Output Devices) s^n |j;pgda[0=h,6o8+wxF g-yj’|j;p7;k,9ec,jo,u @ -toyf g-ajoG ci, (RAM) c]t iv, (ROM?D !D@D! |j;p7;k,9e-qj;7k; (Random Access Memory) gxao|j;p7;k,9emuj.-hgda[Iadlk0=h,6o-qj;7k;D lk,kf]b[ c]t 0Po0=h,6o.\jwfh8k, 8hv’dkoF c8j9tlk,kfgda[0=h,6ow;hwfhltgrktg;]kmuj,uw2]+]hP’gmqjkoahoD g,njv.fmuj[+,udt clw22hk,k]+]hP’F 0=h,6omuj16jrkp.o|j;p7;k,9e-toyfoU9tl6oskpmaomuD 9kd75olq,[af faj’djk; gIaf.sh RAM 4ndoe,k.-hgxao|j;p7;k,9es^ad0v’g7njv’7v,ry;g8uD I6[ !D$G ltcf’|j;p7;k,9ec[[8jk’M !D@D@ |j;p7;k,9e4k;vo (Read Only Memory) gxao|j;p7;k,9e muj[+lk,kf0Po0=h,6o]q’wx.\jwfhF lk,kfgIafwfhrP’dkolt|v’ 0=h,6o.shcdjdkooe.-hgmqjkoaho c]t 0=h,6ogs^qjkoahopa’4ndgda[w;hwfh3fp[+8hv’,uw2]+]hP’D 9kd 75olq,[affaj’djk; gIaf.sh|j;p7;k,9extgrfoU 4nd.-h.odko[aombd-5f7elaj’ ROM Bootstrap grnjv.sh-uru168hv’gIaf;Pd8k,7elaj’.fcfj .og;]kgxuf{xyfg7njv’ s^n Restart c]t -5f7elaj’ RAM BIOS grnjv.-hg0qhk.odkolqj’zjko0=h,6o]ts;jk’-uru16da[cxhory,, 9=rk[ (Monitor) c]t v5xtdvovnjoMD ovd9kdoU pa’4ndoe.-hgxao[jvogda[Iadlk0=h,6o g-ajoG CDROM c]t DVD-ROM.

ສ.ວ.ສ 5 !D@D# |j;p7;k,9es^ad (Physical Memory) |j;p7;k,9emuj.-hgxao|j;p7;k,9es^ad0v’7v,ry;g8uc,jo RAMD .oxaf95[aooUF |j;p7;k,9emujwfhIa[7;k,oypq,,u16j @ -toyf 7nG Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM) c]t Double Data Rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM). • SDRAM gIaf;Pdgxao9a’s;t (Synchronous) g0qhkdaoda[7;k,4ujlaopkog0a,3,’ (Clock Frequency) 0v’-uru16 gIaf.sh-uru16lk,kfxt,;ozqo7elaj’wfhs^kp0BoD sq;|j;pmuj.-h.odko;afcmd7;k,w;0v’ SDRAM c,jo Hz, c8j4hk8hv’dkoI6h g;]k.odkog0qhkg4y’0=h,6o .shoegvqk ! rao]hkook3o;yokmu1 8ah’c]h;skofh;p7;k, w;0v’ SDRAM 9twfhw]ptg;]k0v’dkog0qhkg4y’0=h,6o.osq;|j;pok3o;yokmu wfh 8k,8hv’dko g-ajoG SDRAM PC100 ,u7;k,w;.odkog0qhkg4y’0=h,6o c,jo !FWWWFWWWFWWW}!WWFWWWFWWW gmqjkda[ !W ok3o;yokmuD • DDR SDRAM gxao SDRAM mujlk,kfgIaf;Pdwfhma’lv’mk’0v’laopkog0a, 3,’0v’-uru16 gIaf.shlk,kfgIaf;Pdwfhw;d;jk SDRAM lv’gmqjkD I6[ !D&G ltcf’ DDR SDRAM c]t dkoxP[mP[da[ SDRAM .oxaf95[ao |j;p7;k,9es^adwfh,udkorafmtok0Bogxao DDR@ c]t DDR3 g-yj’.o oahoF DDR c]t DDR2 ,u7;k,c8d8jk’dao faj’8k8t]k’]5j,oUG DDR DDR2 100 0k XPIN? 200 0k XPIN? 172 0k XPIN? 240 0k XPIN? 184 0k XPIN? 244 0k XPIN? 8k8t]k’ !D@G xP[mP[7;k,c8d8jk’]ts;jk’ DDR c]t DDR2 1 ! ok3o;yokmu gmqjkda[ !}!WWFWWWFWWW ;yokmu

6 !D@D$ 7;k,w;0v’|j;p7;k,9es^ad ovd9kdoahoF 7;k,lk,kf3vo4jkp0=h,6o0v’|j;p7;k,9es^adl6’l5f c,jo0Boda[ 7;k,9e0v’,aogv’fh;p g-ajoG DDR2-PC3200-2GB 9t,u7;k,lk,kf3vo4jkp0=h,6o wfh7ah’]t 2GB. |j;p7;k,9es^adc8j]t-toyf,u7;k,w;c8d8jk’dao faj’.o8k8t]k’ !D# ]5j,oUG ]t[q[ 7;k,d;hk’ 7;k,4uj 7;k,w;l6’l5f SDRAM-PC100 4 bytes 100MHz 800 MBPS SDRAM-PC133 4 bytes 133 MHz 1,066 MBPS DDR-333 (PC-2700) 4 bytes 2x166MHz 2,666 MBPS DDR-400 (PC-3200) 4 bytes 2x200MHz 3,200 MBPS DDR2-533 (PC2-4200) 4 bytes 2x266MHz 4,266 MBPS DDR2-667 (PC2-5300) 4 bytes 2x333MHz 5,333 MBPS DDR2-800 (PC2-6400) 4 bytes 2x400MHz 6,400 MBPS DDR2-1066 (PC2-8500) 4 bytes 2x533MHz 8,533 MBPS DDR3-800 (PC3-6400) 8 bytes 2x400MHz 6,400 MBPS DDR3-1066 (PC3-8500) 8 bytes 2x533MHz 8,533MBPS DDR3-1333(PC3-10600) 8 bytes 2x667MHz 10,667MBPS DDR3-1600 (PC3-12800) 8 bytes 2x800MHz 12,800MBPS 8k8t]k’ !D#G xP[mP[7;k,w;0v’|j;p7;k,9ec8j]t]t[q[ I6[ !D*G ltcf’|j;p7;k,9es^ad.oI6[c[[8jk’M

ສ.ວ.ສ 7 !D@D& |j;p7;k,9ec7- (CACHE) |j;p7;k,9ec7- gxao|j;p7;k,9emujlk,kfg0qhkg4y’0=h,6owfhw;d;jk|j;p7;k, 9es^adF gonjv’9kd,u0t|kfohvpd;jk|j;p7;k,9es^ads^kp 9bj’gIaf.shdko-vdsk0=h,6omuj 8hv’dko.o|j;p7;k,9e CACHE wfhw;d;jkdko-vdsk.o|j;p7;k,9es^adD gIaf.sh -uru 16 .-hg;]k.odkoxt,;ozqo7elaj’wfhw;0Bo 9bj’gxaolkgsfmujgIaf.shz6hzt]yfoypq,gruj,|j;p 7;k,9extgrfoUg0qhkw;hrkp.o-uru16. I6[ !D(G czo;kfdko3vo0=h,6o]ts;jk’|j;p7;k,9e c]t -uru16 3fpzjko CACHE faj’oahoF phvo;jk|j;p7;k,9ec7- gxao|j;p7;k,9emujlk,kfg0qhkg4y’0=h,6owfhw; d;jk|j;p7;k,9es^ad z6hzt]yf9bj’wfhglu,|j;p7;k,9e CACHE (c7-) g0qhkw;h.o -uru16 mujgIaf;Pdw;d;jk |j;p7;k,9es^ad0v’7v,ry;g8us^kpF g-yj’-uru169tfb’gvqk0=h,6o9kd|j;p 7;k,9es^ad,kw;h16j CACHE g,njv-uru168hv’dko0=h,6o9kd|j;p7;k,9e d=lk,kffb’gvqk 0=h,6o9kd CACHE wfh3fpdq’D faj’oahoF 9bj’lqj’zqo.sh-uru16xt,;ozqo0=h,6owfhw;0BoD .oxaf95[ao |j;p7;k,9e CACHE c8j]t]tfa[9t,u0t|kfmujc8d8jk’dao g-ajoG CACHE Level 1 9t,u0t|kfc8j 16KB-128KB, CACHE Level 2 9t,u0t|kfc8j 512KB-2MB. !D# dtfkos^ad (Main Board) dtfkos^ad gxaov5xtdvomujle7aomujl5f0v’g7njv’7v,ry;g8uF gonjv’9kd;jkgxaocz’;q’ 9vos^admju.-hIv’Ia[ c]t g-njv,8+v5xdvo8jk’M rkp.o7v,ry;g8u.shlk,kfgIaf;PdIj;, daowfh g-ajoG -uru16 c]t |j;p7;k,9e gxao8qhoD dtfkos^adpa’gxaolnjdk’.odko8yf8+lnjlko ]ts;jk’v5xtdvoc8j]tvaoF gIqklk,kfgvUodtfkos^adwfh;jk dtfkoc,j (Mother Board) s^n dtfko]t[q[ (System Board)D

8 16j.odtfkos^ad9txtdv[fh;p lt]avf0tspkp (Expansion Slot), lt]avf|j;p 7;k,9e (Memory Slot)F -avdgdaf CPU (CPU Socket) c]t -y[g-af (Chipset) gxao8qhoD faj’ltcf’.oI6[ !D) 0hk’]5j,oUG I6[ !D)G ltcf’dtfkos^ad !D#D! -y[g-af (Chipset) -y[g-afgxaovq’xtdv[s^ad0v’dtfkos^adF [+lk,kfxjPocx’ s^n xjPo4jkpwfh7nda[vq’ xtdv[vnjoD -y[g-af,uzqo8+m5dlyj’m5d1jk’0v’dtfkos^ad g-yj’gxao8q;deoqf;jk dtfkos^ad8q; oaho lk,kf.-hda[ CPU xtgrf.fcfjD I6[ !D_G ltcf’8q;1jk’-y[g-af

ສ.ວ.ສ 9 !D#D@ -avdgdaf-uru16 (CPU Socket) gonjv’9kd CPU ,us^kpI5jo s^kppujs=hc8d8jk’daoF 9t,u]adltotI6[Ijk’muj8jk’dao \kp7;k,;jk ,u]adltot0v’ -avdgdaf (Socket) mujc8d8jk’dao c]t [k’-avdgdaf 9t,u 9eo;o0k0v’ CPU gmqjkda[-nj0v’-avdgdaf g-ajoG Intel Pentium III 9tgxao Socket 370, Socket Slot-1 c8j Intel Pentium 4 9tgxao Socket 478 s^n Socket 775 c]t AMD Athlon 64 9tgxao socket 939. faj’mujltcf’.o8k8t]k’]5j,oUG -avdgdaf 9eo;o0k 8q;1jk’ CPU Socket 370 370 Celeron, Pentium III FC-PGA, Cyrix III, C3. Socket 478 478 Pentium 4, Celeron, Celeron D, Celeron M, Core Duo, Core Solo, Pentium 4 Extreme Edition, Pentium M, Mobile Pentium III, Mobile Celeron, Mobile Pentium 4. Socket 775 (LGA775) (Socket T) 775 Pentium 4, Pentium 4 Extreme Edition, Pentium D, Pentium Extreme Edition, Celeron D, Core 2 Duo, Core 2 Extreme. Socket 754 754 Athlon 64, Sempron, Turion 64. Socket 939 939 Athlon 64, Athlon 64 FX, Athlon 64 X2, Opteron. Socket 940 940 Athlon 64 FX, Opteron. Socket AM2 940 Athlon 64, Athlon 64 FX, Sempron, Athlon 64 X2. Socket S1 638 Turion 64 X2 Slot 2 330 Pentium II Xeon, Pentium III Xeon 8k8t]k’ !D$G ltcf’8q;1jk’-avdgdaf-uru16 c]t -uru168q;1jk’le]a[c8j]t-avdgdaf !D#D# lt]avf0tspkp (Expansion Slot) lt]avf0tspkp gxaolt]avfmujgruj,0Bo,kgrnjv.shlk,kf8yf8ah’v5xtdvoglu,8jk’M wfh g-ajoG 7kflP’ (Sound Card), 7kf LAN (Ethernet Adapter), 7kf9= (VGA Card) gxao8qhoD lt]avf0tspkp9t,u16js^kp-toyf 7nG AGP Slot, PCI Express Slot muj.-hle]a[8yf 8ah’v5xtdvoltcf’zqo X7kf9=? [k’7ah’ PCI Express Slot 9t4ndoe.-h8yf8ah’7kflP’]t fa[l6’; PCI Slots, ISA Slots 9t4nd.-hle]a[gruj,7kf8jk’Mmujgxaov5xtdvoglu,8jk’M g-ajoG 7kflP’, 7kfltcf’3m]trk[ (TV Tuner?, 3,gfa, (Modem) gxao8qhoD g[yj’I6[ !D!WD

10 I6[ !D!WG ltcf’lt]avf0tspkpc[[8jk’M !D#D$ lt]avf|j;p7;k,9e (Memory Slot) lt]avf|j;p7;k,9e gxaolt]avfmuj.-hle]a[|j;p7;k,9es^adF g-yj’16j.odtfkos^ad 0v’7v,ry;g8umuj,u0kp8k,mhv’8ts^kf 9t,ult]avf|j;p7;k,9e 7nG DIMM Slot le]a[ SDRAM, DDR SDRAM, DDR2 SDRAM, DDR3 SDRAM. I6[ !D!!G ltcf’lt]avf|j;p7;k,9e (DIMM Slot) 16jdtfkos^ad !D$D v5xtdvogda[0=h,6o (Storage Devices) 3fpmqj;wxc]h;v5xtdvogda[0=h,6ogxaov5xtdvomuj.-hgda[0=h,6o s^n 9tgvUovud1jk’|bj’ ;jk Ikffyl (Harddisk) muj,u]adltotgxaodjv’lujs^jP,muj,ucz’;q’9vow22hkF .-h8yf8ah’16jrkp.o 7v,ry;g8u c]t lk,kfg7njvophkpwx.ljg7njv’vnjowfhD 3fpxqddt8yc]h;F g7njv’7v,ry;g8u ! |j;p9t,uIkffylrP’|j;pfP;gmqjkoahoF c8j4hk8hv’dko8yf8ah’gruj,g8u,d=lk,kf8yf8ah’gruj, g8u,wfhD

ສ.ວ.ສ 11 I6[ !D!@G ltcf’Ikffyl Ikffyl,u7;k,w;mujgxao7;k,w;Iv[dko\5o0v’,aoF 7;k,w;Iv[pyj’l6’gmqjk.fd= pyj’lk,kfgxufgvdtlko s^n -vdsk0=h,6owfhw;gmqjkoahoD .oxaf95[ao7;k,w;Iv[0v’Ikffyl mujoypq,.-hc,jo 5400 Iv[8+okmu XRound Per Minute), 7200 Iv[8+okmu, 8400 Iv[8+ okmu. ovd9kdoahoc]h;F 7;k,w;.odkolqj’0=h,6o0v’Ikffyl 8hv’wfhvu’.lj7;k,w;0v’ lkplqj’laopkovud g-yj’3fpmqj;wxc]h; Ikffyl9toe.-h,kf8t4kodkoIa[lqj’0=h,6oc[[ g0qhkg4y’0=h,6o3fpdq’ (Ultra Direct Memory Access) c]t dkog0qhkg4y’0=h,6ofh;pg8ad3o 3]-u0ahol6’ (Advanced Technology Attachment) .ooaho dkoIa[{lqj’0=h,6oc[[ ATA 9t ,u7;k,w;l6’d;jkc[[ Ultra DMA. g-yj’3fp,kf8t4komujrq[gsao.oxaf95[aoc,jo,u Ultra DMA , ATA, SERIAL ATA (SATA). faj’mujltcf’.o8k8t]k’ !D& ]5j,oUG ,kf8t4ko 7;k,w; Ultra DMA ATA 33 33 MB/s Ultra DMA ATA 66 66 MB/s Ultra DMA ATA 100 100 MB/s Ultra DMA ATA 133 133 MB/s Serial ATA (SATA-150)[33] 150 MB/s Serial ATA 2 (SATA-300)[33] 300 MB/s Serial ATA (SATA-600)[33] 600 MB/s 8k8t]k’ !D&G dkoxP[mP[7;k,w;0v’Ikffyl

12 PATA Harddisk2 Serial ATA Harddisk Serial ATA 2 I6[ !D!#G ltcf’Ikffylc[[8jk’M .oxaf95[aoF Ikffyl lk,kfgda[0=h,6owfhs^kpd;jk 500 GB c]t ,uco;3oh,;jk9t4nd rafmtok.shlk,kfgda[0=h,6owfhl6’0BovudD Ikffyl mujwfhIa[7;k,oypq,.oxaf95[aoc,jo pujs=h Seagate, Samsung, Hitachi. I6[ !D!$G ltcf’pujs=hIkffyl mujwfhIa[7;k,oypq,l6’.oxaf95[ao 2 PATA sp=h,k9kd Parallel ATA Hard disk

ສ.ວ.ສ 13 !D&D v5xtdvoleIv’0=h,6o (Optical Storage ) v5xtdvoleIv’0=h,6ogxaolnj[aombd0=h,6omuj,u7;k,lk,kf[ao95l6’F muj.-hcl’g]g-u.o dkovjko0=h,6o 3fp,udkorafmtok c]t xa[x5’3fpzjko0t[;odkomk’g8ad3o3]-u.odko .-hcl’g]g-u muj,u7;k,pk;7Nolaho c]t 7;k,4ujl6’D !D&D! czjoleIv’0=h,6o (Optical Disc) 37’lhk’0v’czjogda[0=h,6o3fpmqj;wxmujgIqkgsao.oxaf95[ao [+;jk9tgxaoI6[Ijk’ c]t 0t|kfrkpovd 9t[+,u7;k,c8d8jk’daog]upF ,u]adltotgxao;q’,qoF ,uglahozjkodk’0t |kf ) -, c]t !@ -, c]t ,u7;k,|k !D@ ,, c]t ,adgvuho;jkG CD, DVD, Blu-ray Disc, HD-DVD. I6[ !D!&G ltcf’czjogda[0=h,6o0t|kf8jk’M • CD (Compact Disc) ,ad.-hle]a[[aombd0=h,6o0t|kf.spj c]t ,uxt]y,kos^kpg-ajoG 3xicdi,leg]afI6[ c]t leIv’0=h,6o gxao8qhoD ,u7;k,lk,kf[aombd 0=h,6owfh 650 MB-700MB. • DVD (Digital Video Disc or Digital Versatile Disc) gxaoczjomuj[aombd0=h,6owfh rP’1jk’fP;F lk,kfgda[;yfu3vmuj,u75ootrk[l6’ rhv,da[lP’muj,u75ootrk[D faj’ oahoF v5flkstdeoU 9bj’wfhxjPo;ymudkogzupczj1jk’s^;’s^kp .oxaf95[aoD DVD 9t,u 7;k,lk,kf[aombd0=h,6owfh 4.7 GB, 8.5 GB, 9.4GB c]t 17 GB. • HD-DVD (High Definition DVD) ,u0t|kfgmqjkda[czjo DVD me,tfk muj,u 7;k,lk,kf[aombd0=h,6owfh 15 GB, 30 GB c]t 45 GB.

14 • BD (Blu-Ray Disc) lk,kfgda[0=h,6owfhg4y’ 25 GB c]t 50 GB, ,u7;k,]t vPfl6’ gIaf.shlk,kfgda[I6[rk[ c]t ;yfu3vmuj,u7;k,g\nvo9y’s^kp0Bo c]t lk ,kf8v[lt|v’7;k,oypq, .odkog[yj’c[[wpcdh;3m]trk[9=.spj.sh,u7;k,-af g9os^kp0BoD !D&D@ g7njv’vjkoczjogda[0=h,6o (Optical Devices) I6[ !D!*G ltcf’8q;1jk’g7njv’vjko{[aombd0=h,6og0qhkczjoleIv’0=h,6o g7njv’vjkoczjogda[0=h,6o gxaov5xtdvooeg0qhk-toyf|bj’muj.-hoe0=h,6og0qhk3fpdkovjko 0=h,6omuj[aombdw;h.o CD, DVD, gxao8qhoD 3fp,uvaf8kdkolqj’0=h,6ozjko0=h,6os^kp]tfa[ g-ajoG • le]a[ CD .oxaf95[aoc,jo ,u7;k,w;8ah’c8j !V X! gmnjv? 9qog4y’ &*V X&* gmnjv? g-yj’ ,uvaf8kdkoIa[{lqj’0=h,6oxt,ko 0.146 MBPS (Kilobytes Per Seconds)D • le]a[ DVD .oxaf95[aoc,jo,u7;k,w;8ah’c8j !V X! gmnjv? 9qog4y’ @WV X@)gmnjv? g-yj’ ,uvaf8kdkoIa[{lqj’0=h,6oxt,ko 1.32 MBPS (Megabytes Per Seconds)D • le]a[ HD-DVD c]t Blu-Ray Disc .oxaf95[ao c,jo,u7;k,w;8ah’c8j !V X! gmnjv? 9qog4y’ @V X@ gmnjv? g-yj’,uvaf8kdkoIa[{lqj’0=h,6o 4.50 MBPS (Megabytes Per Seconds)D g7njv’vjkoczjogda[0=h,6oc[[wpcdh; c,jo,us^kp-toyf g-ajoG g7njv’vjkoczjo CDF g7njv’vjkoczjo DVDF g7njv’0Poczjo CDF g7njv’0Poczjo DVD, c]t Combo Drive.

ສ.ວ.ສ 15 v5xtdvo 7;k,w; PC Floppy Disk Controller (1.44MB) 0.062 MBPS CD Controller (1x) 0.146484375 MBPS DVD Controller (1x) 1.32 MBPS HD DVD Controller (1x) 4.50 MBPS Blu-ray Controller (1x) 4.50 MBPS 8k8t]k’ !D*G ltcf’7;k,w;0v’v5xtdvovjkoc8j]t-toyf !D*D 7kfltcf’zqo (Display Adapter) 7kfltcf’zqo s^n 7kf9= gxaocz’;q’9vo mujxjPolaopkofu9y8vo9kdg7njv’7v,ry; g8uwxgxaolaopkovkok]avd wxl6j9=ltcf’zqo grnjvltcf’rk[dkoxt8y[af’ko.o7v,ry; g8u.shgsao.o|hk9=ltcf’zqoD I6[ !D!(G ltcf’8q;1jk’7kfltcf’zqo X7kf9=? ovd9kdoahoF 7kfltcf’zqopa’,u7;k,le7ao.odkoxt,;ozqoI6[rk[dik2ydma’ \qfD 3fpltgrktc,jodkolhk’I6[rk[ # ,y8y c]t dko7eo;ogoNvmujD gonjv’9kd7;k, lk,kf.odkogIaf;Pdwfhw;d;jkF 9bj’gIaf.sh|j;pxt,;ozqos^adxt,;ozqo c]h;lqj’wxlt cf’vvdmk’9=ltcf’zqoD !D*D! |j;pxt,;ozqork[ (Graphic Processing Unit) |j;pxt,;ozqork[c,jowfhIa[7;k,oypq,.odkoltcf’zqoc[[ # ,y8y muj.-hle]a[ dkoxt,;ozqol6’s^kp g-ajoG ;Pd’kovvdc[[ c]t s^Yogd, gxao8qhoF g-yj’9tgIafwfh 3fpvkwl;q’9voltgrkt g-jy’,uc8j.o|j;pxt,;ozqork[gmqjkoaho X|j;pxt,;ozqork[ 9tgIaf;PdIj;,da[|j;pxt,;ozqodk’ltg\u?D |j;pxt,;ozqork[mujwfhIa[7;k,oypq,.-h

16 c,jo 3DFX (Voodoo), NVIDIA (GeForce), ATI (Radeon), Matrox (Parthelia) gxao8qhoD I6[ !D!)G 7kfltcf’zqopujs=h8jk’M !D*D@ -toyf0v’7kfltcf’zqo dkog]nvd-N7kfltcf’zqo gIqk8hv’wfh7eob’g4y’ I6[c[[dkog-njv,8+0v’7kflt cf’zqomuj,u16jdtfkos^ad;jkgxaoc[[ AGP c]t c[[ PCI-Express g-yj’c8j]tc[[,u7;k, c8d8jk’daofaj’oUG I6[ !D!_G ltcf’7;k,c8d8jk’]ts;jk’7kf9=c[[ AGP c]t c[[ PCI-Express

ສ.ວ.ສ 17 • 7kfltcf’zqoc[[ AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) ]t[q[oUwfh4ndrafmtok 0Bo,k grnjv.shwfh7;k,w;mk’fhkodkoltcf’zqork[l6’0BoD AGP 9tgIaf;Pd fh;p7;k,4uj 66MHz faj’8k8t]k’]5j,oUG ,kf8t4ko 7;k,d;hk’ 7;k,4uj 7;k,w;l6’l5f \kpgsf AGP 1X 32 bits 66 MHz 266 MBPS AGP 1.0 AGP 2X 32 bits 66 MHz 533 MBPS AGP 1.0, 2.0 AGP 4X 32 bits 66 MHz 1066 MBPS AGP 2.0 AGP 8X 32 bits 66 MHz 2133 MBPS AGP 3.0 8k8t]k’ !D(G ltcf’7;k,w;0v’7kf9= AGP .o,kf8t4ko7;k,w;]tfa[8jk’M I6[ !D@WG ltcf’7kf9=c[[ AGP c]t c[[ PCI-Express • 7kfltcf’zqoc[[ PCI-Express (Peripheral Component Interconnect-Express) ]t[q[oUwfh4ndrafmtok0Bo,k grnjv.shwfh7;k,w;mk’fhkodkoltcf’zqork[l6’0Bo d;jk AGP gonjv’9kddkooe.-h.oxaf95[ao ,u7;k,8hv’dkodkoxt,;ozqork[ mujl6’0Bos^kpF 7kfltcf’zqoc[[oU gIaf;Pdfh;p7;k,4uj 2.5GHz faj’8k8t]k’ ]5j,oUG ,kf8t4ko 7;k,4uj 7;k,w;l6’l5f \kpgsf PCI EXPRESS X01 2.5 GHz 250 MBPS PCI EXPRESS X02 2.5 GHz 500 MBPS PCI EXPRESS X04 2.5 GHz 1.0 GBPS PCI EXPRESS X08 2.5 GHz 2.0 GBPS PCI EXPRESS X16 2.5 GHz 4.0 GBPS PCI EXPRESS X32 2.5 GHz 8.0 GBPS 8k8t]k’ !D)G ltcf’7;k,w;0v’7kf9= PCI-Express .o,kf8t4ko7;k,w;

18 I6[ !D@!G ltcf’7kf9=c[[ PCI-Express !D(D |j;p9=ltcf’zqo (Monitor) 9=ltcf’zqo gxao|j;pltcf’zqo-toyf|bj’ mujgIaf|hkmujltcf’zqo0=h,6omujzjkodko xt,;ozqovvdmk’|hk9= (Screen) grnjv.shz6h.-hIa[I6h0=h,6o s^n 0=h,6o0jk;lkomuj8hv’dkoF g-yj’ 0=h,6omujltcf’vvdoaho vkf16j.oI6[0v’0=h7;k, (Text)F I6[rk[ (Images) s^n rk[g7njvo ws; (Animation) d=wfh c]t 0=h,6ogs^qjkoUgvUo;jk legoqkgvg]ad38ioyd (Soft Copy)D .oxaf95 [aoF 9=ltcf’zqomuj,udko;k’0kp.oxaf95[aoc,joG 9= VGA, 9=lerafF 9=x^kl,k !D(D! |j;p9= VGA (Video Graphics Adapter Monitor) 9=ltcf’zqo-toyfoU gxao9=muj,u7;k,lk,kf.odkoltcf’zqowfh-afg9o c]t g\nvo 8q;9y’F 3fplk,kfltcf’luwfh !* lu.o7;k,]tvPf0v’9=rk[ *$WV$)W g,af (Pixel) c]t ltcf’luwfh @&* lu .o7;k,]tvPf0v’9=rk[ #@WV@$W g,af 3fp,udkogIaf;Pd 7P’76jda[cz’;q’9vo VGA 3fpdkoxjPolaopko9kdlaopkoc[[[+8+gonjv’.shdkpgxaolao pkovkok]avd g-yj’gIaf.sh75ootrk[ 0v’dkoltcf’zqomujfud;jkdkolqj’laopko3fpdq’D ,kf8t4ko0v’|hk9=ltcf’zqowfhIa[dkorafmtok0Bo,kgxao]efa[ 3fp9t,udko rafmtokmk’fhko7;k,]tvPfF 9eo;olu.odkolhk’I6[rk[ c]t 75olq,[af8jk’M .o dkoltcf’zqo g-yj’.oxaf95[aowfh.-h,kf8t4ko VESA (Video Electronics Standard Association) c]t wfh,udkorafmtok,kf8t4ko9=rk[ grnjvlt|a[lt|5oda[,kf8t4ko SVGA (Super Video Graphics Array) gIqklk,kfltcf’,kf8t4ko8jk’M0v’|j;p9= rk[wfhfaj’.o8k8t]k’ !D_D

ສ.ວ.ສ 19 ,kf8t4ko 7;k,]tvPf0v’9=ltcf’zqo 9eo;olu Monochrome Display Adapter (MDA) 720x350 1 Video Graphics Array (VGA) 640x480 16 320x240 256 Extended Graphics Array (XGA) 1024x768 256 640x480 65536 Super Video Graphics Array (SVGA) 800x600 16.7 ]hkolu 1024x768 16.7 ]hkolu 1280x768 16.7 ]hkolu 1600x1200 16.7 ]hkolu Beyond SVGA 1920x1440 16.7 ]hkolu 2048x1536 16.7 ]hkolu 8k8t]k’ !D_G ltcf’7;k,lk,kf.odkoltcf’9eo;olu0v’|hk9=ltcf’zqo |j;p9= VGA c[j’vvdgxao @ xtgrf7nG 9= CRT c]t 9= LCD. • |j;p9= CRT (Cathode Ray Tube Monitor) ,u]adltot7nda[|hk9=3m]trk[ xtdv[fh;p9=ltcf’zqomujgxaocdh;0t|kf.spj gvUo ;jkG s^vf]a’lu7k3mf (Cathode Ray Tube)F .-hlaopkovkok]avd.odkolhk’rk[F lj;o |hkl5f0v’9=gvUo;jk SCREEN .-hltcf’zqo8q;|a’lnF I6[rk[ c]t ;yfu3vD I6[ !D@@G ltcf’|j;p9=c[[ CRT

20 • |j;p9= LCD (Liquid Crystal Display Monitor) |j;p9= LCD .-h;q’9vogvg]ad38ioyd grnjvfafcx’laopkovkok]avd9kd7kflt cf’zqo gxaolaopkoc[[[+8+gonjv’ c]t .-h Liquid Crystal cmos^vfrk[gvg]ad38ioyd s^n CRT .odkolhk’rk[mujltcf’vvd.o]adltot9=c[oF 0t|kf9t[k’d;jk9= CRT c]t ,uoE|adg[qk gIaf.shxt1afgoNvmuj.odko8yf8ah’D I6[ !D@#G ltcf’|j;p9=c[[ LCD !D(D@ 9=lezaf (Touch Screen Monitor) 9=ltcf’zqoc[[lezaf gxaoma’|j;poeg0qhk0=h,6o c]t |j;pltcf’zqo0=h,6oD gonjv’ 9kdz6h.-hlk,kf.-hoY;,n s^n g7njv’,nmuj,uxkp[+cs^, g-ajoG xkpl=feF lezaf|hk9=grnjvlaj’’ko wfh c]t .o0totmujoe.-h9=ltcf’zqoc[[lezaf16j d=lk,kf.-h;Pdzjko g,qkl c]t cxho ry, wfh8k,xqddt8yD ovd9kdoahoF pa’,u0=h9edafmuj[+lk,kfoeg0qhk0=h,6o9eo;os^kpwfhD I6[ !D@$G ltcf’|j;p9=c[[lezaf

ສ.ວ.ສ 21 !D(D# 9=7klxt]kflt,k (Cas Plasma Monitor) 9=c[[dklx^kl,k gxao9=ltcf’zqo0t|kf.spj g-yj’,u7;k,d;hk’xt,ko $@ oY; lk,kfoewx8yf16j/kgInvowfhF |j;p9=ltcf’zqoc[[oUgxao|hk9=c[omuj.-hg8ad3o3]-u 0v’ dklx^kl,k.odkoltcf’zqo 3fpgxaodkocmomuj0v’vk38,dklcmo dko.-h 7tiuflt 8aocs^; (Liquid Crystal) 0v’9=ltcf’zqo LCD g-yj’[k’I5jo9toe.-hrt]a’’ko9kd cI’faow22hk .o0totmuj[k’I5jo9toe.-h]a’lu v5o8ikw;3vg]af (Ultra Violet) g-yj’ gxao9=ltcf’zqomuj,u75ootrk[l6’d;jk c]t ,u]k7kcr’d;jkD I6[ !D@&G ltcf’|j;p9=c[[dklxt]kflt,k !D) v5xtdvoltcf’lP’ (Audio Devices) !D)D! 7kflP’ (Sound Card) 7kflP’lk,kfgIaf.shg7njv’7v,ry;g8u xt,;ozqolP’wfh.og7njv’7v,ry;g8umP[ gmqjkda[g7njv’lP’rkp.ogInvo g-ajoG dko2a’gr’F g[yj’I6[g’qk gxao8qhoD 7kflP’,u|hk muj lhk’ s^n la’g7ktlP’fqo8u0Bo,k8k,7elaj’mujwfhIa[F xtlq,lP’9kdcs^j’8jk’M g0qhkoedaoF 3fplk,kfxa[7;k,fa’{7jvpF cpdlP’-hkp{0;k 0v’c8j]tcs^j’wfhD gxao8q;lhk’laopko lP’0Bo9kd0=h,6o.o File lP’F gxao8q;l5j,gvqk8q;1jk’ c]t xjPolaopko lP’.shdkpgxao0=h ,6ogvg]ad38ioydF 4vf]tsafle]a[leoP’lP’c[[cpd-jv’wfhD I6[ !D@*G ltcf’8q;1jk’7kflP’

22 !D)D@ ]e3r’ (Speaker) ]e3r’gxao|j;pltcf’zqo0=h,6o-toyf|bj’ g-yj’0=h,6omujltcf’vvd,koahoc,jo lP’F [+ ;jk9tgxaolP’g;qhkF lP’gr’F lP’fqo8u c]t vnjoMD g-yj’3fpmqj;wxc]h; g7njv’7v,ry;g8u 9t,u]e3r’0t|kfohvp16jrkp.oc]h;F c8j;jklP’9kd]e3r’rkp.o[+wfh,u75ootrk[l6’ xko.f 9bj’gIaf.sh,u7;k,oypq,.-h]e3r’mujglu,mk’ovdmuj.sh75ootrk[lP’ mujfud;jk3fp dko8+]e3r’g0qhkda[7kflP’ c]t 7;[75,lP’fh;p7v,ry;g8u c]t g7njv’7;[75,0v’ ]e3r’gv’D I6[ !D@(G ltcf’8q;1jk’]e3r’c[[8+ovd c]t 8yf.o7v,ry;g8u I6[ !D@)G ltcf’8q;1jk’]e3r’c[[]t[q[lP’ # ,y8y !D)D# g7njv’2a’s6 (Headphone) g7njv’2a’s6gxao]e3r’0t|kfohvpg\ktle]a[.-h.oshv’xt8y[afdko s^n shv’muj,u 7;k,8hv’dko7;k,lts’q[ c]t [+]q[d;o7qovhv,0hk’D

ສ.ວ.ສ 23 I6[ !D@_G ltcf’8q;1jk’g7njv’2a’s6c[[8jk’M !D)D$ g8ad3o3]-u]t[q[lP’fy9y8vo (Sound Digital Technology) lP’mujlhk’0Bo9kd]t[q[fy9y8vo9tcpdgxaolj;oMma’\qfF c8jdko[aombdlP’.oI6[ c[[fy9y8vo 9t.shzqofu.oc’j0v’7;k,cojovodjP;da[8ec|j’g;]k0v’c8j]t95f.ofqo8u c]t 75ootrk[0v’lP’gdnv[;jk[+,u7;k,c8d8jk’daog]up da[]t[q[lP’c[[vkok]avd s^n vkf9t,u7;k,]tvPfd;jkvudfh;pD ovd9kdoahoF 0=h,6ofy9y8vovkf4ndoewxxa[c8j’16j.o I6[c[[vnjo.shfu0bho s^n xt1afwfhvudfh;p g-ajoG lP’muj4ndgIaf.sh16j.oI6[c[[fy9y8vooaho 0aho8qho c,jogxao2kpmuj,uok,ltd5o .WAV c]t 9t4nd[u[vaf.shgxaoI6[c[[vnjomuj,u0t|kfohvp d;jk g-ajoG mp3,wma, aac c]tvnjoMD I6[ !D#WG ltcf’g8ad3o3]-u]t[q[lP’8jk’M

24 !D_ \=hxa[w2 (Power Supply) \=hxa[w2 d=gxaov5xtdvomujle7aomujl5fvao|bj’0v’g7njv’7v,ry;g8uF z6h.-hlj;os^kp,ad9t l5,7;k,lqo.9.lj7;k,w;0v’-uru16F 0t|kf0v’|j;p7;k,9eF 0t|kf0v’IkffylF xtlyfmyrk[0v’7kfltcf’zqoF 0t|kf0v’|hk9=gs^qjkoUgxao8qhoD 7qolj;o|hvpmujoe.-h 7;k,7yf.odkog]nvd\=hxa[w2;jk lk,kfdt9kprt]a’’kowfhgmqjk.f;af XWatts? 3fp[+wfh 7eob’;jk ,aowfh4ndzt]yf0Boco;.fF 7;k,ltvkf c]t ,u7;k,mqomkoco;.fL [+wfh7e ob’g4y’lP’]q[d;oF 7;k,cs^,7q, s^n 7No]q[d;omuj,krhv,da[\=hxa[w2oahoD faj’ltcf’.o I6[0hk’]5j,oUG I6[ !D#!G ltcf’\=hxa[w2

ສ.ວ.ສ 25 [qfmu @ dko8yf8ah’ c]t dkoxtdv[7v,ry;g8u @D! g7njv’,n.odko8yf8ah’ c]t dkolhv,cx’7v,ry;g8u I6[ @D!G ltcf’38tgIaf;Pd0v’-jk’7v,ry;g8u g7njv’,n.odko8yf8ah’7v,ry;g8u0ahorNo4ko];,,uG { w07;’[;d c]t ]q[ muj,uc,jgs^ad { 7u,xkdcs^, { w2lkp0t|kfohvp { c;jo8kxa[cl’ I6[ @D@G g7njv’,nmujoe.-h.odkoxtdv[{8yf8ah’7v,ry;g8u @D@ dko8yf8ah’-uru16 .odko8yf8ah’-uru16oaho ,ulyj’muj8hv’]t;a’F lyj’oahod=7n 0k0v’-uru169t,u0t|kfohvp c]t 16j8yfdaos^kpD 4hk;jkgIqk9a[1jk’[+]t;a’c]h; vkf9tgIaf.sh0k0v’-uru16sad s^n ’=9qo[+ lk,kfoe.-hwfhvudD .odko8yf8ah’-uru16oaho r;dgIqk9t]q’,n8yf8ah’-uru16-avdgdaf LGA 775

26 gxao8q;1jk’ c]t .shIa[I6h;jk -avdgdaf-uru16 LGA775 9t,uczjogs^adxqd-avdgdaf16j-aho|bj’D 0aho8vo.odko8yf8ah’-uru16oaho lk,kfgIafwfhfaj’oUG 0aho8vomu !G -vdsk-avdgdaf-uru16 16jdtfkos^ad X8k,7ecotoe.o76j,n0v’dtfkos^ad?D c]h;fb’/kxhv’dao-avdgdafvvd XPick and Place Cap? faj’mujltcf’.oI6[ @D# 0hk’]5j,oUG I6[ @D#G ltcf’-uru16-avdgdaf LGA775 c]t czjoxhv’dao 0aho8vomu @G gxuf7ko]avd0Bofh;p3xh,n.shwfhs^kpd;jk _W° |hvp|bj’ c]h;xqf/kxhv’dao vvdgrnjv8yf8ah’-uru16F c8jshk,xqf/kxhv’daovvd .od=]toumuj[+wfh8yf8ah’-uru16 1jk’gfaf0kfD faj’ltcf’.oI6[ @D$ 0hk’]5j,oUG I6[ @D$G ltcf’7ko]avd-avdgdafmujgxufvvdc]h;

ສ.ວ.ສ 27 0aho8vomu #G ;k’-uru16]q’.lj-avdgdafF c8j.sh]t;a’;jklqhomuj,uI6[ # c9lu7e8hv’16j,5,-hkp {]5j, 0v’-avdgdaf1jk’4nd8hv’D faj’ltcf’.oI6[ @D&D I6[ @D&G ltcf’I6[ltcf’dko;k’-uru16.lj-avdgdaf X-hkp? c]t I6[ ltcf’95fla’gdfg,njv8yf8ah’ X0;k? 0aho8vomu $G g]njvo-uru16.shc|hor=fuda[Ivp[adma’lv’g[Nv’ c]h;9bj’xyf/kvaf]q’ c]t xyf 7ko]avd.shc|hor=fuD faj’ltcf’.oI6[ @D* c]t I6[ @D( 0hk’]5j,oUG I6[ @D*G ltcf’dko;k’-uru16.shr=fuda[Ivp[adma’lv’g[Nv’ I6[ @D(G ltcf’dko8yf8ah’-uru16g,njvleg]afc]h;

28 dko8yf8ah’]t[q[]t[kp7;k,Ihvo0v’-uru16 (Heatsink) 0aho8vomu !G xyjo0kgdktdtfkos^adc8j]tvao 9qogIaf.sh]6dlvo-Uvvdg[Nv’ovdD faj’lt cf’.oI6[ @D) 0hk’]5j,oUG I6[ @D)G ltcf’dko[yf0kgdktdtfkos^ad 0aho8vomu @G ;k’cz’]t[kp7;k,Ihvo]q’.lj-uru16.sh4nd8hv’D c]h;p6h0kgdktdtfkos^ad ]q’rhv,daogmnjv]t @ 0k grnjv.shraf]q, c]t cz’]t[kp7;k,Ihvo8yfdao c|hoD faj’ltcf’.oI6[ @D_ 0hk’]5j,oUG I6[ @D_G ltcf’dko8yf8ah’cz’]t[kp7;k,Ihvo 0aho8vomu #G 8+lkpraf]q,-uru16.ljdtfkos^ad 16j[jvomuj4nddeoqfw;h16jdtfkos^adD faj’ltcf’ .oI6[ @D!WD

ສ.ວ.ສ 29 I6[ @D!WG ltcf’dkog-njv,8+raf]q,-uru16 9kdoahoF d=4nwfh;jkdko8yf8ah’-uru16 c]t raf]q,]t[kp7;k,Ihvo]q’dtfkos^adwfhle g]afc]h;D @D# dko8yf8ah’|j;p7;k,9es^ad dko8yf8ah’cz’|j;p7;k,9es^ad ,u0aho8vo[+sp5h’pkdgmqjkdaoda[-uru16D 95fmuj7;o]t ;a’ 9tc,jo16j.oIvp[ad0v’cz’|j;p7;k,9eF g-yj’|j;p7;k,9ec8j]txtgrf9t,uIvp [admujc8d8jk’daoD faj’oahoF gIqk8hv’wfhla’gdfIvp[ad.shfu djvomuj9t8yf8ah’cz’|j;p7;k, 9es^adD 0aho8vodko8yf8ah’|j;p7;k,9e DDR2 SDRAM ,ufaj’oUG 0aho8vomu !G w0]avdlt]avf|j;p7;k,9efh;pdkop6h0k]avdvvdma’lv’0hk’D faj’ltcf’ .oI6[ @D!! 0hk’]5,oUG I6[ @D!!G dkow0]avdlt]avf|j;p7;k,9e

30 0aho8vomu @G ;k’|j;p7;k,9e.shIvp[ad 4ndda[Ivp[ad16jlt]avfD faj’ltcf’.oI6[ @D!@ 0hk’]5j,oUG I6[ @D!@G dko;k’|j;p7;k,9e]q’.ljlt]avf 0aho8vomu #G 7jvpM.-hoY;3xh,n p6h|j;p7;k,9e]q’.lj-avdgdaf]q’ma’lv’0hk’rhv,Mdao.sh c|hoD 4hk;k’4nd8hv’ 0k]avdma’ @ 0hk’9t]avd|j;p7;k,9egv’D faj’lt cf’.oI6[ @D!# 0hk’]5j,oUG I6[ @D!#G dko8yf8ah’|j;p7;k,9ewfhleg]afc]h; 9kdoahoF d=4nwfh;jkdko8yf8ah’cz’|j;p7;k,9es^ad]q’dtfkos^adwfhleg]afc]h;D

ສ.ວ.ສ 31 @D$ dko8yf8ah’dtfkos^ad dko8yf8ah’dtfkos^adg0qhk.lj.og7l XCASE? vkf9t,u0aho8vomujsp5h’pkdF c8j4hk gIqkfegouodko8yf8ah’wx8k,]efa[0aho8vo d=vkf9tgIaf.shdko8yf8ah’dtfkos^adoaho [+wfh,u 7;k,sp5h’pkds^kpxko.fD vkf9t,ucfjd=.ow]ptmujgIqklP[lkpx5j,8jk’M c]t w2lt cf’zqo16jmk’fhko|hk0v’g7l.shg0qhkda[dtfkos^adD 0aho8vomu !G dtdP,dtfkos^admuj8yf8ah’-uru16 c]t |j;p7;k,9eleg]afc]h; w;hda[/kxyf g[Nv’s^a’D faj’I6[ @D!$ ]5j,oUG I6[ @D!$G dtfkos^admujdtdP,w;hrhv,da[/kxyfg[Nv’s^a’g7l 0aho8vomu @G d;flv[g[yj’8ec|j’I6oHvf16jg7l ;jk,u8ec|j’oHvf7q[4h;o8k,mujdtfkos^ad 8hv’dko s^n [+L c]h;saooHvfIv’dtfkos^ad.ljda[g7l.sh7q[4h;o c]t 4nd 8hv’8k,mujdtfkos^ad8hv’dkoD faj’I6[ @D!& ]5j,oUG I6[ @D!&G ltcf’dkosaooHvfIv’dtfkos^ad

32 0aho8vomu #G g]uj,8yf8ah’dtfkos^adD oegvqkdtfkos^ad8yf8ah’g0qhkwx.og7l8k,8ec|j’0v’ 4koIv’mujgIqkwfh8yf8ah’w;hc]h;D dko8yf8ah’vkf9t8hv’,u7;k,]t,af]t;a’ .og]njv’dko;k’dtfkos^ad 9t8hv’;k’.shI6oHvf16jgmy’dtfkos^ad.shdq’dao r=fuD shk,[yf s^n p6hdtfkos^ad.o0totmuj8yf8ah’gfaf0kf Xgrkt,ao9tgIaf.sh;q’ 9vo0v’dtfkos^adgxjgrglpskpwfh?D ovd9kdoahoc]h;F pa’8hv’wfh;k’.shr= fuda[/kxyfg[Nv’s^a’vudfh;pD faj’ltcf’.oI6[ @D!* 0hk’ ]5j,oUG I6[ @D!*G ltcf’dko;k’dtfkos^ad.ljg7lg[Nv’s^a’ c]t g[Nv’gmy’ 0aho8vomu $G g]nvdoHvfmuj.-h.odkopbf8yfdtfkos^adda[g7l g-yj’oHvfmujc4,,kda[g7l oaho 9t,u16j @{# c[[ 7nG oHvfle]a[pbf8yfdtfkos^ad c]t IkffulF oHvfle]a[ xyf/kg7l c]t oHvfle]a[pbf8yf7kf8jk’Mda[g7lD .ooahoF .shg]nvdgvqkoHvf muj.-hle]a[dtfkos^adD s^a’9kdoahoF saooHvfpbfdtfkos^ad.shg0qhkda[g7l.sh7q[ m5dvaoF c8j.shsaoc|hor=fugmqjkoaho[+.shsaoc|ho9qogduowx grktvkf9tgIaf.sh dtfkos^adgxjgrglpskpwfhD .shla’gdf I6[ @D!( 8+wxoUG I6[ @D!(G ltcf’dkosaooHvf8yfdtfkos^ad.ljg7l

ສ.ວ.ສ 33 0aho8vomu &G -vdsk8ec|j’8yf8ah’lkpw2s^ad16jdtfkos^adD 3fpgIqklk,kfgxufg[yj’wfh.o76j ,n0v’dtfkos^adF lkpw2s^ad0v’dtfkos^ad9t,ulkpw2 @W 0k s^n @$ 0k XATX 20 PIN/ATX 24 PIN? c]t le]a[dtfkos^adle]a[-uru16 Intel 9t,u gruj,w2vud $ 0k XATX 12V? gruj,8nj,vudD I6[ @D!)G ltcf’dko8yf8ah’lkpw2s^ad16jdtfkos^ad 0aho8vomu *G lP[lkpw2s^ad @W 0k s^n @$ 0k g0qhkda[-jv’8+dtfkos^adD 3fpla’gdf8e c|j’0v’8q;]avd.shdq’dao c]h;dqf]q’wx7jvpM 9qod;jk8q;]avd9tgdktda[ [jvo8+16jdtfkos^adD lP[lkpw2 $ 0k .ljdtfkos^ad 3fpla’gdf0k]avd16jdt fkos^adD faj’ltcf’.oI6[ @D!_ 0hk’]5j,oUG I6[ @D!_G ltcf’95fg-njv,8+x5j,8jk’M16jg[Nv’|hk0v’g7l

34 0aho8vomu (G la’gdflkpg-njv,8+x5j,8jk’M muj9t8yf8ah’g0qhk.ljdtfkos^adD [=]yg;ofhko|hk 0v’g7l 9t,ux5j,7;[75,8jk’M g-ajoG x5j, PowerF x5j, Reset ];,g4y’s^vf w2mujltcf’laopko8jk’MD grnjv9tlk,kf7;[75, c]t I6hwfhg4y’lt4kot dkogIaf;Pd0v’g7njv’7v,ry;g8uwfhD -njsq;8+ |hkmuj POWER SW sq;8+muj.-hgxuf c]t xyf7v,ry;g8u POWER LED (PLED) sq;8+s^vfw2muj.-hltcf’ltrk[;jkg7njv’7v,ry;g8u 16j.o ltrk[muj gxuf s^n xyfD sq;8+oU 9t,u0;aho[;d c]t 0;aho ]q[ g-yj’gIqk9t8hv’wfh8+.sh4nd0;ahovudfh;p RESET SW gxaosq;8+mujgIqk.-h.odko Restart H.D.D LED gxaosq;8+s^vfw2mujltcf’ltrk[dkovjko c]t 0Po0=h ,6o0v’IkffylD sq;8+oU9t,u0;aho[;d c]t 0;aho]q[ g-yj’ gIqk9t8hv’wfh8+.sh4nd0;ahovudfh;p SPEAKER gxaosq;8+]e3r’0t|kfohvp.og7njv’7v,ry;g8u g-yj’]e 3r’oU,uw;hgrnjv.shlaopkolP’ xy[ [vd.shgIqkI6h;jk 7v, ry;g8u pa’gIaf;Pdgxaoxqddt8y s^n [+F sq;8+oU 9t,u0;aho [;d c]t 0;aho]q[ 8k8t]k’ @D! sq;8+8jk’Mmuj.-h8+da[x5j,mk’g[Nv’|hk0v’7v,ry;g8u 0aho8vomu )G gxuf76j,ndtfkos^ad0Bo,k grnjv-vdsk8ec|j’ c]t ;ymudkolP[sq;8+16jdt fkos^adD 9kdoahoF .sh,kla’gdf16jdtfkos^ad;jk 8ec|j’muj9t8+c,jo16j[=]yg;o .fD 7jvpMlP[lkpsq;8+g0qhkda[dtfkos^ad9qo7q[ 3fpla’gdf0;aho [;d{]q[ .shfule]a[sq;8+s^vfw2 c]t ]e3r’D faj’ltcf’.oI6[ @D@WD

ສ.ວ.ສ 35 I6[ @D@WG ltcf’dko8+x5j,fhko|hk @D& dko8yf8ah’7kf0tspkp (Expansion Card) xaf95[ao 7kf0tspkpc,jo,us^kpI6[c[[ g-ajoG 7kfltcf’zqo X7kf9=?F 7kflP’F 3,gfa, (Modem) 7kfIa[7No3m]trk[ (TV tuner) c]t vnjoMvud g-yj’,uI6[c[[dko8yf 8ah’7hkp7ndao [+;jk9tgxao7kfc[[ PCI, PCI-Express. faj’ltcf’.oI6[]5j,oUG I6[ @D@!G ltcf’lt]avf0tspkpc[[8jk’M .o[qfoU 9twfhltg|udko8yf8ah’7kfltcf’zqoc[[ AGP gxao8q;1jk’D faj’,u0aho8vo 8jk’M8+wxoUG

36 0aho8vomu !G -vdsk8ec|j’0v’7kfltcf’zqo16jdtfkos^ad I6[ @D@@G lt]avf7kfltcf’zqoc[[ AGP 16jdtfkos^ad 0aho8vomu @G .-h7u,[yfczjogs^admujdaho/k16js^a’0v’g7lvvdF 7jvpM;k’7kfltcf’zqo]q’wx .ljlt]avf.sh-nj 9qoc|hoF c]h;’af7ao]avd7kfltcf’zqomuj8yf,krhv,da[dt fkos^ad X4hk,u?D I6[ @D@#G dko8yf8ah’7kfltcf’zqoc[[ AGP 16jdtfkos^ad

ສ.ວ.ສ 37 0aho8vomu #G saooHvf1bf7kfltcf’zqog0qhkda[g7l.shc|hor=lq,7;o 3fp.-hoHvfmujc4,,k da[ CASE. I6[ @D@$G ltcf’dkosaooHvf1bf7kfltcf’zqog0qhk.ljg7l ,kg4y’8vooU4nwfh;jk dko8yf8ah’7kfltcf’zqowfhleg]afc]h;F dko8yf8ah’7kf0t spkp8jk’M d=,u0aho8vo c]t ;ymudko7ndaoda[7kfltcf’zqo faj’mujwfhltg|uzjko,koahoD @D* dko8yf8ah’ Ikffyl (Harddisk) faj’mujgIqkwfhIPoI6h,k.o[qfmu ! ;jk Ikffyl ,u16js^kpc[[ g-yj’c[[mujoypq,dao.-h.oxaf 95[aoc,jo Ikffyl c[[ PATA c]t c[[ SATA c]t .o[qfoU9twfhltg|urP’c8jdko 8yf8ah’Ikffylc[[ PATA gxao8q;1jk’D dko8yf8ah’Ikffyl c[[ PATA c,jo9egxao8hv’wfh,udkodeoqf9egxu (Jumper) .sh IP[IhvpglpdjvoD .od=]toumujgIqk8hv’dko9t.shIkffyl gxaov5xtdvos^adle]a[ Boot g7njv’ d=8hv’wfhdeoqf.shgxao Master g-yj’,u7ecotoe8yf16jda[IkffylD ovd9kdoahoF xtgrf0v’ lkpcrd=,u7;k,djP;0hv’da[Ikffylg-ajofP;daoD gIqk9t8hv’wfhg]nvdgvqklkpcr muj,ulkp lqj’laopko )W glaho (IDE Cable 80PIN) g-yj’dko8yf8ah’ c,jo,u0aho8vofaj’oUG

38 0aho8vomu !G deoqf Jumper 0v’Ikffyl.shgxao Master Xfaj’mujltcf’.oI6[? g-yj’c8j]t pujs=h ,ad,uI6[c[[dkodeoqf8jk’daoD .shla’gdf16js^a’0v’IkffylD I6[ @D@&G xa[9egxu.sh16j.o8ec|j’ Primary Master 0aho8vomu @G 8+lkpg0Qkda[16jmk’s^a’0v’Ikffyl c]h;7jvpMgvqkIkffylg0qhk.lj.og7lmk’ fhko.o{mk’|hk g-yj’7;k,g]yd s^n 8Noc,jo0Boda[0t|kf0v’ g7l ;jk.spj s^n ohvpgmqjk.f. 8+lkpcr.ljda[Ikffyl16jsq;8+vudg[Nv’|bj’0v’lkpcrvao fP;da[.o0aho8vomu & 9tgxaosq;.fd=wfh.o @ sq;mujpa’gs^nv c]t 8hv’gvqk.9.lj lP[.sh4ndg[Nv’vud. I6[ @D@*G dko8+lkpg0qhkda[Ikffyl

ສ.ວ.ສ 39 0aho8vomu #G saooHvf1bfIkffyl .ljg7l.shc|hor=xt,ko ma’ @ g[Nv’ Xg[Nv’-hkp c]t g[Nv’0;kg,njvgIqkg[yj’g7lmk’|hk?. I6[ @D@(G dko1bf8yfIkffyl g0qhk.ljg7l 0aho8vomu $G 8+lkpcr.ljda[dtfkos^ad 16jsq;8+ Primary IDE (IDE1) g-yj’g]nvdgvqklqho 0v’lkpcrmuj.-h8+g0qhk.ljdtfkos^ad Xlj;os^kp9tgxaosq;8+lu2hk?D I6[ @D@)G dko8+lkp9kdIkffyl 16jdtfkos^ad g4y’8vooUdko8yf8ah’Ikffyl d=leg]afD @D( dko8yf8ah’ v5xtdvoleIv’0=h,6o v5xtdvoleIv’0=h,6o 9txtdv[wxfh;pg7njv’vjko{0Po CD c]t DVD. dko8yf 8ah’d=7hkp7ndaoda[dko8yf8ah’Ikffyl Drives, grkt;jk v5xtdvo-toyfoUd=,uc[[ IDE c]t

40 c[[ SATA g-ajofP;daoF g-yj’9tc8d8jk’d=c,jodko8+lkpcrle]a[c[[ IDE 7nG 9twfh 8+lqho0v’lkpcrg0qhkda[dtfkos^ad9t8+.lj Secondary IDE (IDE2) g-yj’dko8yf8ah’ ,ufaj’oUG 0aho8vomu !G deoqf Jumper 0v’ CD-DVD Drives .shgxao Master faj’mujltcf’.oI6[ @D@_ g-yj’c8j]tpujs=h ,ad,uI6[c[[dkodeoqf8jk’daoD I6[ @D@_G dko8ah’9egxu.ov5xtdvoleIv’0=h,6o 0aho8vomu @G 7jvpMgvqk CD-DVD Drives g0qhk.lj.og7lmk’fhko|hk0v’g7l .shr=fuda[ /kxyffhko|hk s^n g0qhkg]yd|hvp|bj’le]a[g7l muj,u/kxyfc[[gxufwfhF c]h;sao oHvf1bf8yfg0qhkda[g7lD faj’I6[ @D#W ]5j,oUG I6[ @D#WG dko8yf8ah’v5xtdvoleIv’0=h,6og0qhkda[g7lD 0aho8vomu #G 8+lkpcr.ljda[dtfkos^ad16jsq;8+ Secondary IDE (IDE2) g-yj’g]nvdgvqk lqho0v’lkpcrmuj.-h8+g0qhkdtfkos^ad Xlj;os^kp9tgxaosq;8+lufe?. 8+lkpcr .ljda[ CD-DVD Drives 16jsq;8+vudg[Nv’|bj’0v’lkpcrvaofP;da[ .ooAo

ສ.ວ.ສ 41 9tgxaosq;.fd=wfh.o @ sq;mujpa’gs^nv c]t 8hv’gvqk.9.ljlP[.sh4nd g[Nv’vudD faj’ltcf’.oI6[ @D#! 0hk’]5j,oUG I6[ @D#!G dko8yf8ah’lkp8=g0qhk.ljdtfkos^ad c]t v5xtdvoD g4y’8vooU dko8yf8ah’v5xtdvoleIv’0=h,6od=leg]afD @D) dko8yf8ah’v5xtdvovnjoM djvomuj9tgxufg7njv’7v,ry;g8u gIqk9t8hv’wfh8yf8ha’v5xtdvo8+rj;’8jk’M g-ajoG lkp w2F cxhory, c]t g,qklF 9=ltcf’zqoF ]e3r’g0qhkda[7kflP’ c]t vnjoMvud g-yj’,u0aho 8vo8jk’M faj’oUG 0aho8vomu !G la’gdf[jvo8+v5xtdvo8+rj;’8jk’Mmuj16jfhkos^a’0v’g7l faj’ltcf’.oI6[]5j, oUG I6[ @D#@G [jvo8+v5xtdvo8jk’Mmk’fhkos^a’g7l16jdtfkos^adD

42 0aho8vomu @G 8+lkpcxhory, c]t g,qkl g-yj’9tgxaodko8+c[[.-hsq; PS/2 s^n USB d=wfh g-yj’9t8hv’8+.sh4ndD 4hkgxaosq;8+c[[ PS/2 9t8hv’wfh]t;a’0k8jk’M ;jk8+ 4ndfhko c]t m5dM0k-njltg\s^n [+L I6[ @D##G dko8+v5xtdvo PS2 g-ajoG cxhory, c]t g,qkl 0aho8vomu #G 8+lkp9kd7kfltcf’zqog0qhkl6j9=ltcf’zqoD .oxaf95[aowfh,u,kf8t4ko0v’ sq;8+7kfltcf’zqo16j @ c[[ 7nG c[[ D-Sub Xfu{la[? c]t DVI XDigital Video Interface? muj,adoe.-hda[9=c[[ LCD gmqjkoahoD g4y’;jkI6[c[[0v’sq; 8+9tc8d8jk’dao c8jdko8yf8ah’c,jo7hkp7ndaoD faj’ltcf’.o I6[ @D#$ ]5j,oUG I6[ @D#$G dko8+v5xtdvoltcf’zqo 0aho8vomu $G 8+lkp]e3r’g0qhkda[7kflP’D c,jo[+,u0aho8vosp5h’pkd7nda[dko8+v5xtdvo vnjoM g-ajoG 8+lkpdt9kplP’9kd]e3r’g0qhk.ljsq;8+ Line Out Xlkplu0P;? 16j7kflP’F g-yj’gxaosq;8+mujlqj’laopkolP’9kd7kflP’wx l6j]e3r’D le]a[ w,37i32oc,jo.sh8+.lj Microphone Xlu[q;? 0v’7kflP’D c8jle]a[7kf

ສ.ວ.ສ 43 lP’mujgxao]t[q[lP’ # ,y8yc,jo9t,usq;8+s^kp0Bo c]t dko8yf8ah’c,jo.sh la’gdfg[yj’76j,nmuj,u,krhv,da[7kflP’ s^n -5f]e3r’muj ,u16jD I6[ @D#&G dko8+v5xtdvodt9kplP’9kd7kflP’ 0aho8vomu &G 8+lkpxadlP[g0qhkda[\=hxa[w216jmk’fhkos^a’0v’g7lD c]t vudlqho|bj’c,jo lP[.ljxadlP[rkp.ogInvoD lkpw29=ltcf’zqod=g-ajofP;daoD s^a’9kdlP[ 7q[c]h; d=.shgxufw29= c]t w27v,ry;g8u8k,]efa[D 4hkg7njv’c]jo4n;jkle g]afD I6[ @D#*G dko8+lkpw2g0qhkda[7v,ry;g8u g4y’0aho8vooU4n;jk 7v,ry;g8uwfh8yf8ah’leg]afc]h;D