44 @D_ dkocdhw0[aosk8jk’M mujgduf0Bo0v’dko8yf8ah’7v,ry;g8u s^a’9kdmujxtdv[7v,ry;g8uleg]afc]h;F g,njvmqf]v’gxufg7njv’0Bo,k 4hk;jk 7v,ry; g8u[+gIaf;Pd s^n ,u7;k,zyfxqddt8ygduf0Bo .sh.-hgdo8+wxoU.odko;yg7kt[aosk c]t mqf ]v’cdhw0D vkdko lkgsfmujgxaowxwfh co;mk’dkocdhw0 m5d1jk’,yf’P[F [+,uma’w2 c]t lP’ w2]hP’[+g0qhk d;flv[xadw2F x5j,gxuf{xyfF c]t lkp8jk’M muj8+g0qhkda[|=hcx’w2 ];,ma’lkpmuj8+9kddt fkos^adg0qhkskx5j,gxuf{xyfD ;jk,u7;k,4nd8hv’ s^n [+L raf]q,\=hcx’w2 [+xyjoF w2laopko vkf9t,u s^n [+d= wfhF [+,ulP’vnjo vud 8yf8ah’-uru16[+fu 8yf8ah’lkp]e3r’ [+4nd8hv’ d;flv[7no.\j ;jk -uru16 8yf8ah’c|hofu s^n [+L d;flv[;jklkp]e3r’8+.o g7njv’8+4nd8hv’ s^n [+L gonjv’9kd;jk dtfkos^ad9tlqj’lP’laopko 7;k,zyfrkf0Bo,kF c8j4hk[+wfh8+lkp]e3r’ rkp.o9t[+lk,kfwfhpyolP’laopko8jk’M oahoD w2g0qhkc8j,ulP’ fa’xyH[M 8yf8ah’v5xtdvo.lj dtfkos^ad[k’ 8q;[+4nd8hv’ .shd;flv[.o8k8t]k’[aosk0v’w[vvl .osq;0=hmu @D@ c]h;cdhw08k,0=hla’gdfD m5d1jk’gxaoxqd dt8yF ,ulP’xyH[ fP; s^n lv’xyH[F c8j9=ltcf’zqo [+,urk[ltcf’ vvd,kD w2[+g0qhk9=ltcf’ zqoD 8+lkplaopkozyf rkf d;flv[lkpw28+g0qhk9=F x5j,gxufxyf9= ;jkgxao xqddt8y s^n [+L 4hk[+F .sh8+lkpw2 c]t dqfx5j, gxuf|hk9=D d;flv[laopko9kd7v,ry;g8uwxl6j9=ltcf’ zqo;jk 8+4nd8hv’ c]t c|ho|k s^n [+L m5d1jk’gxaoxqd dt8y c8jw2 Power c]t w2 Ikffyl [+I5j’ 8+lkplaopko 0v’w2 LED [+4nd8hv’ d;flv[;jk lkplaopko8jk’M 4nd8hv’ s^n [+L 4hk4nd8hv’c]h;w2[+I5j’.shlts^a[0;ahodaoXg-yj’ vkf 9t8+zyf0;aho[;d c]t ]q[? 8k8t]k’ @D@G ltcf’;ymudkocdhw0[aosk8jk’M.og;]k8yf8ah’7v,ry;g8u
ສ.ວ.ສ 45 ovd9kdoUc]h;F 7;od;flv[dkogIaf;Pd0v’v5xtdvovnjoMvud g-ajoG Harddisk, Optical Drives, 7kflP’F ]e3r’rkpovd c]t 7kfvnjoM ;jkgIaf;Pd4nd8hv’ s^n [+L 3fp mqj;wxc]h;[aoskvkf9tgduf0Boda[dko8+lkp8jk’Mwfhg-yj’vkf9t8+zyfF [+wfh8+F 8+lts^a[ s^n s^q,.shcdhw0.sh4nd8hv’ c]h;]v’.\jD @D!W w[vvl XBIOS? w[vvl gxaolj;oxtdv[mujle7aos^kple]a[7v,ry;g8uF grkt;jk dkogIaf;Pd0v’ 7v,ry;g8u 9t8hv’g]uj,8qho9kdw[vvl c]t 7v,ry;g8u9tlk,kf,uvq’xtdv[mujc8d8jk’ daowfhF 3fpw[vvl ];,ma’xtlyfmyrk[0v’g7njv’d=,uzqo,k9kd w[vvl fh;pg-ajodaoD faj’oahoF gIqk8hv’wfhIPoI6h;jk w[vvl c,jospa’L gIqk9tdeoqf c]t xa[c8j’7jk0v’ w[vvl co;.fL 2.10.1 7;k,\kp0v’ BIOS BIOS sp=h,k9kd Basic Input Output System, g-yj’xtdv[fh;p @ lj;o7nG 3xi cdi,muj8yf16j.o ROM g-yj’gxao|j;p7;k,9e-toyf|bj’mujlk,kfgda[0=h,6owfh1jk’4k;voF [+ 4nd]b[g,njv4ndxyfg7njv’ s^n [+,uw2]hP’ c8j[+lk,kf0Po0=h,6o]q’.ljwfhD 0=h,6o s^n 7jk8jk’Mmuj8ah’.sh3xicdi,gIaf;Pd8k,oaho 3fpgda[w;h16j.o CMOS RAM (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) g-yj’gxao|j;p7;k,9emujlk,kf0Po s^n cdhw00=h,6owfh c]t dyow2|hvpD dko.-h CMOS RAM grnjv.shlk,kfxjPocx’0=h,6o c]t gda[w;hwfh [+;jk.og;]kxyfg7njv’ 3fp.-hw2]hP’9kdc[fg8u]uohvpD CMOS gxaog8ad3o3]-u .odkozt]yflko-toyfmudyow2|hvps^kp 9bj’4ndoe,k.-hgxao RAM ltgrktle]a[gda[7jk deoqf8jk’M0v’w[vvlD 2.10.2 [aosk c]t co;mk’cdhw00=hzyfrkfmujw[vvl[vd .od=]toumuj,udkod;flv[rq[7;k,zyfrkf 0v’v5xtdvomuj,u16j.o7v,ry;g8u BIOS 9trtpkpk,c9h’vvd,kfh;plP’ c]t rk[ X4hkgxaowxwfh?D .od=]toumuj]t[q[rk[[+,u[ao sk gIqkd=lk,kfvjko c]t g0qhk.9wfhF c8j4hk]t[q[rk[,u[aosk s^n .o0totoaho[+lk,kflt cf’zqovvdmk’|hk9=wfh X[+,u|j;p7;k,9e16j? d=9t,ulP’g8njvorP’1jk’fP;g-yj’gIaf.sh 8hv’8u7;k,\kp 3fp7qhog[yj’.o76j,n0v’dtfkos^ad;jk c8j]tlP’,u7;k,\kp;jkco;.fL s^n 4hk[+,u76j,nd=9t8hv’l5j,]v’xjPolj;omuj7yf;jk 7q’9td=.shgduf[aoskg[yj’ g-ajoG RAM s^n
46 7kfltcf’zqoD lj;o7;k,zyfxqddt8y9kd-uru16 d=9t2hv’vvd,kwfh .o[k’d=]touD c8j lj;o.spj9tltcf’vkdko7hk’ s^n [+gdufspa’0Bog]up g,njvgxufg7njv’ s^kpd;jkD 8k8t]k’ @D# 8+wxoU gxao]tsaflP’8k,,kf8t4ko BIOS 0v’w[vvl Award c]t IBM. lP’ 7;k,\kp lP’laho ! gmnjv POST zjkoF m5d1jk’gxaoxqddt8y lP’laho @ gmnjv POST [+zjkoF ,u[aosk [+,ulP’ \=hcx’w2 s^n dtfkos^ad,u[aosk lP’fa’8+gonjv’ \=hcx’w2 s^n dtfkos^ad,u[aosk lP’lahoM8+gonjv’ \=hcx’w2 s^n dtfkos^ad,u[aosk lP’pk; ! gmnjvF laho ! gmnjv dtfkos^ad,u[aosk lP’pk; ! gmnjvF laho @ gmnjv dkfltcf’zqo,u[aosk (MDA, CGA) lP’pk; ! gmnjvF laho # gmnjv dkfltcf’zqo,u[aosk (EGA) 8k8t]k’ @D#G [aosk8jk’Mmujw[vvl[vds^a’9kd8yf8ah’7v,ry;g8uc]h;
ສ.ວ.ສ 47 [qfmu # dko8yf8ah’ ]t[q[xt8y[afdko c]t 3xicdi,rNo4ko ]t[q[xt8y[afdko c,jo,us^kp]t[q[.spjM g-ajoG Microsoft Windows, Linux, Unix, MacOSX g-yj’,uI6[c[[dkooe.-hmujc8d8jk’daoF 0Boda[dkovvdc[[0v’c8j]t ]t[q[D .o[qfouh9twfhltg|udko8yf8ah’]t[q[xt8y[afdko Microsoft Windows XP g-yj’gxao ]t[q[mujwfhIa[7;k,oypq,s^kp.oxaf95[aoD g4y’;jk 9t,u]t[q[.\jmujwfh,udko;k’0kp1jk’s^;’ s^kp c8j7qogIqklj;os^kppa’oypq,.-h Windows XP 16jD #D! dko8yf8ah’]t[q[xt8y[afdko dko8yf8ah’ Windows XP 9t8hv’,udkodeoqf.o BIOS grnjv.sh7v,ry;g8u Boot 9kd CD-ROMF grkt;jk dko8yf8ah’ Windows XP ,u0aho8vomujsp5h’pkdlq,7;oD z6h.-h 7;olbdlk.shg0qhk.9 c]t [+.shgIaf.olyj’muj8qogv’[+\aho.9F grkt[k’7ah’vkf9tgIaf.shgduf [aosksp5h’pkds^kp0BoD 3.1.1 dko8ah’7jk BIOS dko8ah’7jk.o BIOS grnjvg]nvdv5xtdvos^admuj9t Boot g7njv’gxaodko8ah’7jkmujz6h.-hm5d 7qo7;oI6hs^kpmujl5fF grkt9tdjP;0hv’da[dko8yf8ah’]t[q[xt8y[afdko g-yj’9t8hv’xa[.sh g7njv’ Boot 9kd CD-ROM cmo HarddiskD 4hkgIqk[+I6h9ad;ymudkog]nvdv5xtdvole]a[ Boot g7njv’c]h; gIqk9t[+lk,kf8yf8ah’ Windows XP wfhD dko8ah’7jk BIOS c,jo,u0aho 8vofaj’8+wxoUG 0aho8vomu !G g,njvgxufg7njv’0Bo,k.\j .shla’gdf7elaj’0Bo,kF .shla’gdf0=h7;k,muj[vd7e laj’g0qhkl6j BIOS vkf9tc,jox5j, DEL (Pheonix BIOS) c]t F2 (AMI BIOS)D g]nvdv5xtdvomuj9t Boot g7njv’.og;]k8yf8ah’]t[q[xt8y[afdko3fp dkodqfx5j,]6dlvo -hkp c]t 0;k grnjvg]nvd BootD oegvqk CD/DVD 0v’ Windows XP .lj.og7njv’vjko CD/DVD 0v’7v,ry;g8uF xjPo CD ROM Drive .sh16jgmy’l5f c]t Hard Drive 16jc4;mu @ fh;pdkodqfx5j, (+) 16jcxho ry, c]t dqfx5j, (−) grnjvg]njvo]q’D faj’ltcf’.oI6[ #D!D
48 I6[ #D!G dko8ah’7jkgrnjv.sh7v,ry;g8u boot 9kd CD-ROM 0aho8vomu @G dqfx5j, F10 grnjv[aombddko8ah’7jk c]t g]nvd Yes grnjvvvd9kd BIOS. s^a’ 9kdoahoF 7v,ry;g8u9t Restart c]t g0qhkg4y’0aho8vomevyf.odko8yf8ah’ Windows XPD faj’ltcf’.oI6[ #D@ ]5j,oUG I6[ #D@G dkovvd9kd BIOS rhv,da[dko8ah’7jk 3.1.2 g]uj,8qho8yf8ah’ Windows XP 0aho8vomu !G s^a’9kdmuj7v,ry;g8ugxuf0Boc]h; c]t xkdqf|hk9=0Bofaj’]5j,oUF .shdqfx5j, Enter s^n x5j,vnjoMd=wfh grnjvg0qhkg4y’0aho8vodtdP,8yf8ah’ Windows XP. XI6[ #D#?D
ສ.ວ.ສ 49 I6[ #D#G |hk9=g]uj,8qho8yf8ah’ Windows XP 9kd CD-ROM 0aho8vomu @G s^a’9kdoahoF 3xicdi,8yf8ah’9tgxuf File 8jk’M grnjvdtdP,g0qhkl6jdko8yf 8ah’ Windows XP. .sh]=4hk|hvp|bj’ 7v,ry;g8u9tltcf’|hk9=8hvoIa[g0qhk l6jdko8yf8ah’ Windows XP faj’ltcf’.oI6[]5j,oUG I6[ #D$G ]t[q[de]a’gxufgvdtlko8jk’MgrnjvdtdP,dko8yf8ah’ 0aho8vomu #G .oI6[ #D& .shgIqkdqfcxhory, Enter grnjvg0qhkl6jdko8yf8ah’ Windows XP c]t 9txkdqf|hk9=djP;da[0=h8qd]q’mk’fhko]y0tlyf0v’Windows XPXWindows XP Licensing Agreement? faj’ltcf’.oI6[ #D* c]h;.sh dqfx5j, F8 grnjv pv,Ia[D
50 I6[ #D&G dkog]nvd;ymudko8yf8ah’ Windows XP I6[ #D*G |hk9=djP;da[0=h8qd]q’mk’fhko]y0tlyf0v’ Windows XP 0aho8vomu $G 8+wx9tgxaodkog]nvd;jk9t8yf8ah’ Windows XP .lj.oIkffyl.f X.od=]toumuj ,uIkffyls^kp8q;?F 4hkgxaoIkffylmujwfhc[j’lj;o Partition Xvjko;jk xk8u-ao? w;hc]h; .shdqfx5j,]6dlvog]njvo0Bo{]q’ grnjvg]nvdxk8u-ao muj8hv’dko9t8yf8ah’ Windows c]h;dqfx5j, D XI6[ #D(? c]t dqfx5j, Enter grnjv]b[ Partition faj’djk;vvd c]t dqfx5j, L grnjv1ah’1nodko]b[ XI6[ #D)?D
ສ.ວ.ສ 51 I6[ #D(G |hk9=ltcf’dkodtdP,xk8u-aogrnjv8yf8ah’ Windows XP I6[ #D)G |hk9=ltcf’dko]b[xk8u-aogrnjv8yf8ah’ Windows XP 0aho8vomu &G s^a’9kdoahoF .shlhk’xk8u-ao.\j fh;pdkodqfx5j, C .lj[jvomuj[+wfhlhk’ Xunpartitioned Space? faj’ltcf’.oI6[ #D( 0hk’gmy’oahoD ry,0t|kf0v’xk8u-ao fh;psq;|j;p MB .lj.o[jvos;jk’ c]h;dqfx5j, Enter faj’ltcf’dkoc[j’ lj;oxk8u-ao.o I6[#D_D
52 I6[ #D_G ltcf’dkolhk’xk8u-aogrnjv8yf8ah’ Windows XP 0aho8vomu *G s^a’9kdoahoF .shdqfx5j, Enter 9txkdqf|hk8jk’le]a[dko9afI6[c[[xk8u-ao (Format Partition). .shgIqkg]nvdgvqkc4;mujltcf’0=h7;k,muj;jk Format Partition Using NTFS File System c]h;dqfx5j, Enter faj’ltcf’.oI6[ #D!W ]5j,oUG I6[ #D!WG ltcf’dkodtdP,9afI6[c[[xk8u-ao 0aho8vomu (G s^a’9kdoahoF 7v,ry;g8u9tg]uj,8qho2=c,afxk8u-ao c]t dtdP,0=h,6ole]a[ dko8yf8ah’. .sh]=4hk9qod;jk7v,ry;g8u9t Restart 7no.\jD faj’I6[ #D!! mujlt cf’0hk’]5j,oUG
ສ.ວ.ສ 53 I6[ #D!!G ltcf’dkodtdP,0=h,6odjvo9t Restart 7no.\j 0aho8vomu )G .odko boot g7njv’7ah’oU gIqk[+8hv’dqfx5j,.f grnjv.sh[6f9kd CD vudc]h;F rP’c8j]=4hk.shg7njv’ltcf’laopk]ad0v’ Windows XP 0Bo,k c]t .sh]= 4hk|hvp|bj’D 8+wx9txkdqf|hk8jk’dko8ah’7jkrklk c]t muj16j0Bo,kD .shgIqk xjPo7jkmuj16j.oc4[ Regional Options c]t 8ah’7jkmuj16j XLocation) .shgxao Laos s^a’9kdoahoF .sh7]yd.lj Apply c]h; OK c]t 7]yd.lj Next grnjvg0qhk g4y’0aho8vo8+wxD faj’ltcf’.oI6[ #D!@ 0hk’]5j,oUG I6[ #D!@G ltcf’|hk8jk’dko8ah’7jkrklk c]t muj16j 0aho8vomu _G 8+,k9tgxaodko]t[5-njz6h.-h XName? c]t vq’dvo XOrganization?D .shry,-nj 8qogv’.ljshv’ Name c]t -njvq’dvo.ljshv’ Organization c]h;7]yd Next grnjvg0qhkg4y’0aho8vo8+wxD
54 I6[ #D!#G |hk8jk’dkoxhvo-nj c]t vq’dvo 0aho8vomu !WG 9kdoahoF .shgIqkry,]tsaf3xicdi, XProduct Key? g-yj’9t,u16js^a’da[.lj CD 0v’ Windows XP mujgIqkoe,k8yf8ah’F 3fp9t,u8q;vadlvoxqoda[8q; g]dgxao9eo;o @& 8q;D s^a’9kdoaho .sh7]yd.lj Next grnjvg0qhksk0Ao8vo8+ wxD faj’ltcf’.oI6[ #D!$ 0hk’]5j,oUG I6[ #D!$G |hk8jk’dko.lj]tsaf3xicdi,0v’ Windows XP 0aho8vomu !!G 0aho8vooU .sh.lj-nj7v,ry;g8u0v’gIqk16j.o[jvos;jk’0v’ Computer Name xhvo]tsafzjko0v’z6h7;[75,g7njv’ 16j.o-jv’s;jk’0v’ Administrator password c]t 1ah’1no]tsafzjkovudgmnjv|bj’16j.o-jv’s;jk’0v’ Confir-
ສ.ວ.ສ 55 med administrator password. c8j.odko.lj ]tsafzjkofaj’djk;oahoF gIqk 9t8hv’xyf CAP LOCK 0v’cxhory,D s^a’9kdoahoF .sh7]yd.lj Next grnjv g0qhkg4y’0aho8vo8+wxD I6[ #D!&G |hk8jk’dko.lj]tsafz6h75,]t[q[ 0aho8vomu !@G 8+wxoU9tgxaodko8ah’7jkg;]kD .shgIqkg]nvd Time Zone gxao (GMT+ 7:00) Bangkok, Hanoi, Jakarta. s^a’9kdoahoF .sh7]yd.lj Next grnjvg0qhkg4y’0aho 8vo8+wxD I6[ #D!*G |hk8jk’dko8ah’7jkg;]k c]t g0f0v’g;]k
56 0aho8vomu !#G 8+wxoU 9tgxaodko8ah’7jkg7nv0jkp XNetworking Setting?D .shgIqkg]nvd Typical setting grnjv8ah’7jk8k,dkodeoqf0v’[=]ylafD s^a’9kdoahoF .sh7^yd .lj Next grnjvg0qhkg4y’0aho8vo8+wxD faj’I6[ #D!( ]5j,oUG I6[ #D!(G |hk8jk’dko8ah’7jkg7nv0jkp 0aho8vomu !$G .o0aho8voouh 9tgxaodko8ah’7jkd5j,.og7nv0jkp XgIqk9try,-njd5j,7v,ry;g8u s^n Computer Domain?D .shgIqkry,-njd5j,.ljshv’ Workgroup c]h; 7^yd.lj Next grnjvg0qhkg4y’0aho8vo8+wxD I6[ #D!)G dko8ah’7jk-nj c]t d5j,7v,ry;g8u.o]t[q[g7nv0jkpD
ສ.ວ.ສ 57 0aho8vomu !&G .og;]koU ]t[q[9twfh8yf8ah’ WindowsD .shgIqk]=4hk.shleg]af c]h;7v, ry;g8u9t Restart gv’D I6[ #D!_G 7v,ry;g8u8yf8ah’ Windows XP 0aho8vol5fmhkpD ,kg4y’8vooU4nwfh;jk 7v,ry;g8uwfh8yf8ah’ Windows XP wfhleg]aflq,[6oc]h;D 3.1.3 dko8ah’7jkz6h.-hg,njvg0qhk.-h Windows XP 7ah’mevyf s^a’9kdmujgIqk8yf8ah’ Windows XP leg]afc]h;F g,njvgxufg7njv’0Bo.\j7ah’mevyf 9t,u dko8ah’7jk8jk’Mdjvodkooe.-hD 0aho8vomu !G ]t[q[9t,udkod;flv[7;k,]tvPf .odkoltcf’zqo0v’|hk9=F .shgIqk 7^yd.lj OKD I6[ #D@WG I6[ltcf’dkodtdP,|hk9=
58 0aho8vomu @G ]t[q[9txa[7;k,]tvPf0v’|hk9=gxao )WWV*WWF rhv,ma’oa[g;]k4vps^a’ #W ;yokmuD 4hkdkoltcf’zqogxaowxwfh8k,xqddt8y .sh7]ydx5j, OK grnjv1ah’ 1no Xc8j8hv’7^yddjvo\qfg;]k?D c8j4hk[+gsaork[xkdqf0Boc,jo.shdqfx5j, ESC grnjvpqdg]udD g[yj’I6[ #D@!G I6[ #D@!G I6[ltcf’dko8ah’7jk|hk9=.o0t|kf )WWV*WW 0aho8vomu #G 9kdoahoF 9tg]uj,g0qhkl6jdko8ah’7jk7ah’l5fmhkp0v’dko8yf8ah’ Windows XP 3fp9tltcf’|hk9=8hvoIa[g0qhkl6j Windows XPD 9kdoahoF .sh7^yd.lj Next grnjvg0qhklj60aho8vo8+wxD g[yj’I6[ #D@@G I6[ #D@@G |hk8jk’8hvoIa[0v’ Windows XPD
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60 0aho8vomu *G 8+,k ]t[q[9t.shgIqk]t[5-nj0v’z6h.-h7v,ry;g8ug7njv’oUc8j]t7qoD grkt Windows XP lk,kfc[j’cpdI6[c[[ c]t 9afdkodjP;da[dkooe.-h 0v’z6h.-hc8j]t7qowfh1jk’vyflts^tD c8j4hkgIqk.-h7v,ry;g8u16jrkp.ogInvo vkf9t]t[5-njrP’z6hfP;d=wfhD s^a’9kdoahoF .sh7^yd Next grnjvg0qhkg4y’0aho 8vo8+wxD g[yj’I6[ #D@& 0hk’]5j,oUG I6[ #D@&G dko8ah’-njz6h.-h.og;]kg]uj,8qhog0qhkoe.-h 0aho8vomu (G l5fmhkp 9txkdqf|hk8jk’0v[.90v’[=]ylafF .shgIqk7]yd.lj Finish grnjvlyho l5fdko8ah’7jk c]t g]uj,8qhooe.-h Windows XP c]t g0qhkl6j|hk9=oe.-h0v’ Windows XPD g[yj’I6[ #D@*D
ສ.ວ.ສ 61 I6[ #D@*G |hk9= Windows XP mujlk,kfg]uj,8qhooe.-hwfh #D@ dko8yf8ah’ wfig;u (Drivers) le]a[v5xtdvo8jk’M dkogIaf;PdIj;,dao]ts;jk’]t[q[xt8y[afdko c]t v5xtdvo8jk’Mrkp.og7njv’ 7v,ry;g8uoahoF 9egxao8hv’,udko8yf8ah’-v[c; s^n 3xicdi,mujgIaf|hkmujgxaolnjdk’D 7hkp7n da[;jkgxao]jk,.shcdj]t[q[xt8y[afdko c]t v5xtdvo8jk’M lnjlkodao1jk’4nd8hv’D 1jk]n, ;jkv5xtdvoc8j]tvao ]h;oc8j,u|hkmuj7;[75,dkogIaf;Pd.oc8j]trkdlj;omujc8d8jk’dao vvdwxD faj’oahoF ]t[q[xt8y[afdko9t[+lk,kf9afv5xtdvogs^qjkoaho 4hk0kflyj’mujgvUo;jkG wfi g;u XDrivers?D 3.2.1 wfig;u (Drivers) Drivers ,u]adltot7ndaoda[3xicdi, s^n -v[c;F rP’c8jgxao3xicdi, s^n -v[c; 0t|kfohvpmujlhk’0Bogrnjv7;[75, c]t laj’dkov5xtdvoIkfc; (Hardware) rkp.o g7njv’7v,ry;g8uD ]t[q[xt8y[afdko9t8yf8+da[v5xtdvo8jk’M[+wfh 4hk[+,udko8yf8ah’ Drivers 8jk’Moaho .sh]t[q[xt8y[afdkoI6h9adD grkt]t[q[xt8y[afdko9tlaj’dko.shv5xt dvo8jk’M gIaf;Pdwfh3fpzjko Drivers.
62 3.2.2 wfig;u.o Windows XP ;yo3f9t,u]t[q[dko9afdkoda[wfig;u muj,uxtlyfmyrk[s^kp0BoF I6[c[[dko9afdko Drivers 9t-j;p.shlk,kfd;flv[wfh;jkv5xtdvo.f,u[aosk s^n [+lk,kfgIaf;Pdwfh1jk’ 4nd8hv’D le]a[ Windows I5jo.\jM g-ajoG Windows XP 9tglu,7;k,lk,kf.odko7qhosk Drivers 9kdvyog8ucoaf.shgIqk3fpvaf8t3o,afD faj’oahoF dko8yf8ah’ Drivers .oxaf95[ao[+ c,jolyj’mujsp5h’pkdvud8+wxD l6odk’0v’dko9afdko Drivers .o Windows XP 9tgvUo;jk Device Manager. Device Manager faj’djk; lk,kfgsaowfh3fpdkogxuf.o Control Panel c]h;gxuf System s^n .-h;ymu 7]yd0;k.ljwv7vo My Computer > Manage > Device Manager c]h;gIqk9t gsao]kpdkov5xtdvo8jk’M muj8yf8ah’16j.o7v,ry;g8u0v’gIqkD .o Device Manager oUgIqk lk,kfgruj,v5xtdvoF ]b[]kp-njv5xtdvo c]t 8ah’7jk.shda[dkogIaf;Pd0v’v5xtdvoc8j ]t8q;wfh8k,7;k,8hv’dkoD faj’ltcf’.oI6[ #D@( 0hk’]5j,oUG I6[ #D@(G |hk8jk’ltcf’dkog0qhksk Device Manager 3.2.3 dko8yf8ah’ Driver g,njv Driver gxaolnjdk’le]a[ Windows .shlk,kf8yf8+ s^n gIaf;PdIj;,daoda[v5xt dvo.og7njv’7v,ry;g8uwfhD faj’oahoF z6h.-h7;oI6h9ad c]t g0qhk.9;ymudko8yf8ah’ Driver g,njvgduf [aoskgIqklk,kf9t8yf8ah’ Driver wfhgv’3fp[+8hv’vkwldko-j;pgs^nv9kd-jk’D
ສ.ວ.ສ 63 dko8yf8ah’ Driver c,jo,u16j @ ;ymu 7nG 8yf8ah’zjko3xicdi,0v’z6hzt]yfv5xtdvo c]t 8yf8ah’fh;p8qogv’D .o[qfoU9twfhltg|urP’c8j;ymudko8yf8ah’0v’z6hzt]yfgmqjkoahoD faj’,u 0aho8vo8jk’M]5j,oUG v5xtdvo[k’vao g-ajoG g7njv’ry, XPrinter?F 7kfltcf’zqo XGraphic Card?F g7njv’ ltcdogou XScanner? ,ad,u3xicdi,8yf8ah’ Driver ,k.shrhv,.oI6[c[[gxaoczjo CD. .o oahoF 9t0=ltg|u8q;1jk’dko8yf8ah’7kflP’I5jo Creative Sound Blaster X-FI GO! g-yj’ gxao7kflP’ mujgxaoI6[c[[mujg-njv,8+fh;p USB ,u0aho8vodko8yf8ah’faj’oUG 0aho8vomu !G g-njv,8+7kflP’ c]t ,ao9tgIaf;Pdgv’1jk’vaf8t3o,af c]t xkdqf|hk 8jk’|bj’0Bo,k .shgIqkg]nvdgvqk Install Sound Blaster X-Fi Go! c]h; 7^yd OK. s^a’9kdoahoF 3xicdi,9tg]uj,8yf8ah’ Driver le]a[7kflP’D faj’mujlt cf’.oI6[ #D@) ]5j,oUG I6[ #D@)G dkog]uj,8qho8yf8ah’wfig;ule]a[ Sound Blaster X-Fi Go! 1 2
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ສ.ວ.ສ 65 0aho8vomu $G 8+,k 9t,kg4y’0aho8vodkog]nvdmuj8ah’le]a[8yf8ah’3xicdi,D .o0aho8vooU gIqk9t[+wfh,udko8aflyo.9spa’s^kp rP’c8j7^yd.lj Next grnjvg0qhksk0aho 8vo8+wxD g[yj’I6[ #D#!G I6[ #D#!G |hk8jk’g]nvd32ogfu8yf8ah’3xicdi, 0aho8vomu&G 8+,k 9t,kg4y’0aho8vodkog]nvd]adltotdko8yf8ah’3xicdi,D .sh7^yd.lj Full Installation c]t 7^yd.lj Next grnjvg0qhksk0aho8volts^5[7jk8jk’M muj4nd dtdP,8yf8ah’ c]h;7^yd Next vudgmnjv|bj’ grnjvg]uj,8qho8yf8ah’D g[yj’I6[ #D#@G I6[ #D#@G 0aho8vol5fmhkp0v’dko8yf8ah’wfig;u 1 2
66 0aho8vomu *G s^a’9kddko8yf8ah’leg]afc]h; .shgIqkg]nvdgvqk “Yes, Iwant to restart my computer now” c]h;7^yd.lj Finish grnjvlYol5fdko8yf8ah’ c]t 7v,ry;g8u 9tg]uj,8qhogxuf7no.\jD g[yj’I6[ #D##G I6[ #D##G dkodtdP, Restart 7v,ry;g8u #D# dko8yf8ah’3xicdi,0ahorNo4ko 3xicdi,mujwfhIa[7;k,oypq, c]t 7v,ry;g8umujoe.-h]t[q[ Windows m5dg7njv’9t 8hv’wfh8yf8ah’ltg\u g-ajoG Microsoft Office c]t 3xicdi,xhv’daow;iafD .oxaf95[aodko 8yf8ah’3xicdi,c,jo’jkpfkps^kpF rP’c8jg0qhk.97e;jk Next d=lk,kf8yf8ah’3xicdi, c[[,kf8t4kowfhc]h;D 3xicdi, Microsoft Office c,jo,us^kpI5jomujoypq,daooe.-hD c8j8q;1jk’dko8yf8ah’ .o8vooU 9twfhlkmyfdko8yf8ah’ Microsoft Office @WW# g-yj’gxaoI5jomujwfhIa[7;k,oypq,.-h s^kpd;jkI5jomuj.\jd;jkD 1 2
ສ.ວ.ສ 67 0aho8vomu !G g,njvgIqkxhvo CD 0v’ Microsoft Office 2003 .lj.og7njv’vjkoc]h;D xqddt 8y3xicdi,8yf8ah’9tg]uj,8qhogv’3fpvaf8t3o,afD .shgIqk]=4hkw]pt|bj’9qo d;jk9tg4y’0aho8voxhvo]tsaf0v’3xicdi,D 0aho8vomu @G 0aho8vo8+wx gxao0aho8voxhvo]tsaf0v’3xicdi,D .shgIqkxhvo]tsaf.lj.o shv’s;jk’ & 8q;vadlvoma’ & shv’ X];,gxao @& 8q;vadlvo? g-yj’gIqklk ,kf-vdsk]tsafwfh16jxqds^a’0v’da[ CD c]h;7]yd.lj Next grnjvg0qhkg4y’0aho 8vo8+wxD g[yj’I6[ #D#$G I6[ #D#$G |hk8jk’xhvo]tsaf3xicdi, 0aho8vomu #G 8+,k .shry,-njz6h.-h.lj.oshv’ User name, s^a’9kdoahoF .shry,-njvq’dvo.lj.o shv’ Organization c]h; 7^yd.lj Next grnjvg0qhkg4y’0aho8vo8+wxD g[yj’I6[ #D#&D
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ສ.ວ.ສ 73 4.2.1 laopkoc[[8+gonjv’ XAnalog Signal? laopkoc[[8+gonjv’ c,jolaopkomuj16j.oI6[c[[0v’7No muj,u7;k,8+gonjv’dao ,udko xjPocx’]tfa[laopko0Bo{]q’8k,0t|kf0v’laopko XAmplitude? c]t ,u7;k,4uj XFrequency? muj,u0t|kfgxao Hertz (Hz) g-ajoG lP’g;qhkF dtclw22hklts^a[gxao8qhoD faj’lt cf’.oI6[ $D! ]5j,oUG I6[ $D!G I6[ltcf’laopkoc[[8+gonjv’ 4.2.2 laopkoc[[[+8+gonjv’ XDigital Signal? laopkoc[[[+8+gonjv’ c,jolaopkomuj,u]tfa[laopkorP’c8j @ ]tfa[ 7nG l6’ c]t 8OD dkoxjPo]tfa[laopko 9t[+,u7;k,8+gonjv’dao XDiscrete? 3fpxqddt8yc]h; ]tfa[l6’9t cmofh;pg]d ! c]t ]tfa[8O9tcmofh;pg]d WD g[yj’I6[ $D@G I6[$D@G I6[ltcf’laopkoc[[[+8+gonjv’ .odkolqj’0=h,6o fh;plaopkoc[[8+gonjv’oaho g,njvw]ptmk’.odkolqj’0=h,6ogruj,0Bo g]NvpMF 9tlqj’zqogIaf.shrt]a’’ko0v’laopkovjvo]q’g]NvpMD faj’oahoF .odkolqj’laopko c[[8+gonjv’.ow]ptmk’wd 9egxao8hv’,ug7njv’0tspkplaopko XAmplifier? grnjvgruj,rt ]a’’ko.shda[laopkoD c8jdko.-hg7njv’0tspkplaopko 7n9tgIaf.shgduflaopko]q[d;o
74 XNoise?D faj’oahoF 9bj’9egxao8hv’.-h;q’9vodajo8v’laopko XFilter? grnjvdajo 8v’gvqklaopko ]q[d;ovvdD lj;olaopkoc[[[+8+gonjv’F g,njvgruj,w]ptmk’.odkolqj’laopko0Bo 9tgIaf.shlaopko c[[[+8+gonjv’glpskp XxjPo9kd ! gxao W?D faj’oahoF 9bj’9egxao8hv’.-hg7njv’mq[m;olaopko XRepeater? .odkod6h0=h,6o7no,kF c]h;9bj’lqj’laopkovvdwx.\jD $D# -jv’mk’dkolnjlko XCommunication Channel? -jv’mk’dkolnjlko gxaovq’xtdv[mujle7ao1jk’|bj’0v’dkolnjlko0=h,6oF g-yj’\kp g4y’lnjdk’.odkolqj’zjko0=h,6o0jk;lko ]ts;jk’v5xtdvo @ -toyfD 3fpdkolnjlko0=h,6o zjko-jv’mk’dkolnjlkooU 7;k,w;.odkolnjlko0=h,6o9t0Bo16jda[xafw9 @ xtdko7nG 7;k, d;hk’0v’laopko c]t -toyf0v’0=h,6oD 7;k,d;hk’0v’laopko XBandwidth? vkf9txP[mP[wfhda[7;k,d;hk’0v’4t |qosqomk’ c]t -toyf0v’0=h,6ovkf9txP[mP[wfhda[]qfpqoD faj’oahoF -jv’mk’dkolnjlko muj,u7;k,d;hk’s^kp d=gmqjkda[glahomk’muj,us^kpg]oF ]qfpqolk,kfc]jowx{,kwfh s^kp0Bo c]t ;jv’w;D c8j.omk’dq’dao0hk,F -jv’mk’dkolnjlkoskd,u7;k,d;hk’|hvpd=gmjqkdao da[4toqoc7[ ]qfpqomuj9tgfuomk’wx,k9twxwfh|hvp c]t -ad-hkD ovd9kdoahoc]h;F -toyf0v’0=h,6od=gxaoxafw9|bj’mujle7ao muj,uzqodtmq[8+da[xt]y,ko c]t 7;k,w;.odkolnjlkoD \kp7;k,;jk -toyf0v’0=h,6omujgxao0=h7;k,muj,u0t|kfohvp 9tgIaf.shdkolqj’0=h,6owfhltf;d;jv’w; g4y’;jk9t,u7;k,d;hk’|hvpd=8k,F c8j.omk’dq’ dao0hk,F -jv’mk’dkolnjlkooaho skd,u7;k,d;hk’s^kpc8j-toyf0v’0=h,6oskd,u0t|kf .spjs^kp Xgxao;yfu3v? d=9tgIaf.shdkolqj’0=h,6o-hk]q’wfhD -jv’mk’dkolnjlkoc[j’vvdgxao @ -toyf g-ajoG -jv’mk’dkolnjlkoc[[,ulkp c]t [+,ulkpD 4.3.1 -jv’mk’dkolnjlkoc[[,ulkp XPhysical Wire? -jv’mk’dkolnjlkoc[[,ulkp gxaolkplaopkomujwfhIa[7;k,oypq,s^kp.oxaf95[ao ];,,uG lkp76j[yfdP; XTwisted-Pair Cable?F lkpcdoIj;, XCoaxial Cable? c]t lkp.p cdh;oecl’ XFiber-Optic Cable?D
ສ.ວ.ສ 75 • lkp76j[yfdP; XTwisted-Pair Cable? gxaolkpmuj.-h.o]t[q[g7njv0jkp3m]tla[ mqj;wxD lk,kflqj’laopkolP’ s^n laopkoc[[[+8+gonjv’d=wfh0bho16jda[-toyf0v’lkpD lkp76j [yfdP;,u]adltotgxaolkpmv’cf’lv’glaho g-yj’c8j]tglaho,uxvds5h,c]h;oe,krao daogxaodP; c]t gda[16j.oxvds5h, XJacket? fP;daoD dko[yfdP;lkp ]adltotoU9t lk,kfs^5fzjvolaopko]q[d;owfh g-yj’;jk 4hk,udko[yfdP;mk’.o s^kpgmqjk.fpyj’ 9tgxaodkoxhv’daodko]q[d;owfhs^kp0BogmqjkoahoD .o]t[q[g7nv0jkpmuj,udkoIa[{lqj’ 0=h,6os^kpM [+4ndoypq,oe,k.-hgxaolkp3m]tla[F c8joypq,.-hlkp76j[yfdP;mujgxaomv’ cf’ ) glaho g-yj’,u @ -toyf 7nG lkp76j[yfdP;c[[ ,uxvdxhv’daolaopko]q[d;o XShielded Twisted Pair? c]t lkp76j[yfdP; muj[+,uxvdxhv’daolaopko]q[d;o XUnshielded Twisted Pair?D faj’ltcf’.oI6[ $D#F $D$ c]t $D& 0hk’]5j,oUG I6[ $D#G ltcf’lkp76j[yfdP; I6[ $D$G lkp76j[yfdP;c[[,uxvdxhv’daolaopko]q[d;o XShielded Twisted Pair? I6[ $D&G lkp76j[yfdP;muj[+,uxvdxhv’daolaopko]q[d;o XUnshielded Twisted Pair?
76 • lkpcdoIj;, XCoaxial Cable? gxaolkpg7g[yomu;u mujoe.-hdaomqj;wx.oxaf95[aoF rP’ c8joe,k.-h.o]t[q[g7nv0jkp7v,ry;g8uD lkpcdoIj;,oU ,u]adltotgxaolkpmv’ cf’fjP;16j.9dk’ c]t s5h,fh;pxvd c]t xvdxhv’daolaopkoD lk,kfs^5fzjvolao pko]q[d;o c]t lk,kflqj’0=h,6owfhfud;jklkp76j[yfdP; c]t ,u]k7kcr’d;jkg-ajo fP;daoD faj’oahoF 9bj’4ndoypq,.-hlkp-toyfoU .o95fg-njv,8+mujle7aoD lkpcdoIj;,];, ,u @ xtgrf7nG lkpcdoIj;,[k’ XThin Coaxcial/10Base2? c]t lkpcdoIj;, |k XThick Coaxcial/ 10Base5?D I6[ $D*G I6[ltcf’lkpcdoIj;, • lkpwpcdh;oecl’ XFiber-Optic Cable? gxaolkpcdoIj;, c]t lkp76j[yfdP; c,jo,ulkpmv’cf’glaho|bj’16j.9dk’grnjvgIaf|hkmujoelqj’dtclw22hkD c8j.od=]tou 0v’lkpwpcdh;oecl’c,jo9t.-hmjvocdh;dq,16j.9dk’cmoF 3fpwpcdh;oecl’oU lqj’0=h,6ofh;pcl’cmodkolqj’0=h,6ofh;pdtclw22hkD lkpwpcdh;oecl’xtdv[ fh;pglahocdh;[k’M gvUo;jk Core c]t ,us^kpIhvpglahoF3fpc8j]tglaho,uglahozjko dk’mP[gmqjkda[glahozq,0v’7qogIqk c]t 4nds5h,s+fh;pcmj’cdh; mujgvUo;jkG Cladding g-yj’ma’lv’1jk’oaho 9t4nds5h,s+fh;pgxnvd XCoat? grnjvxhv’dao[+.shcl’ vvdwx0hk’ovdD I6[ $D(G I6[ltcf’lkpwpcdh;oecl’
ສ.ວ.ສ 77 [aofklkplnj8jk’M mujwfhdjk;,k0hk’gmy’oaho9t,u95ffuF 0=h[qdrjv’ c]t vaf8klj;olqj’ 0=h,6oc8d8jk’dao faj’]kp]tvPfmujwfhlts^5[w;h.o8k8t]k’0hk’]5j,oUG lkpoelqj’ vaf8klqj’ 0=h,6o 95ffu 95fvjvo lkp76j[yfdP; { laopkolP’zjko3m]tla[ 14.4 - 54.0 Kbps ¾ ]k7k4nd ¾ 7jk.-h9jkp.o dko8yf8ah’ |hvp ¾ .-h1jk’d;hk’ 0;k’.o]t[q[ 3m]tla[ ¾ ,u7;k,9edaf mk’fhko7;k, pk;0v’lkp laopko lkp76j[yfdP; { xa[x5’c]h; 56 - 144 Kbps lkp76j[yfdP; { LAN 4-1000 Mbps lkpcdoIj;,[k’ 10 - 2000 Mbps ¾ lqj’laopkow; ¾ laopko]q[d;o |hvp ¾ 8hv’wfh,u7;k, ]t,af]t;a’l6’ .og;]kc]jo lkp ¾ ]k7kcr’ lkpcdoIj;,|k 10 - 550 Mbps lkpwpcdh;oecl’ 550 Kbps - 30 Gbps ¾ lk,kflqj’0=h,6o wfhxt]y,kos^kp wfhw;s^kp ¾ ,ulaopko]q[ d;o|hvpmujl5f ¾ 0=h,6o,u7;k, xvfwrl6’ ¾ xt1afgoNvmuj g;]kc]jolkp ¾ [+lk,kf37h’ lkpwfh8k,8hv’ dko ¾ 7jk8yf8ah’cr’ ¾ ]k7kcr’ 8k8t]k’ $D!G lts^5[lq,mP[lkplnjlko8jk’M
78 4.3.2 -jv’mk’dkolnjlkoc[[[+.-hlkp XWireless Trainsmission? .odkoc]jolkplnjlkooahoF [k’g0fc,jo[+lk,kfc]jolkplnjlkowfh c]t g4y’;jk gIafwfh d=,u7;k,sp5h’pkds^kp1jk’gduf0BoD faj’oahoF dkolnjlkoc[[[+,ulkp 9bj’g0qhk,k,u [qf[kf-j;p.shdkog-njv,8+laopko gIafwfhltf;d0BoD dkolnjlkoc[[[+,ulkp 9tgxaodko lqj’laopkozjkolnjdk’mujgxaovkdkf 3fp.-h7nho7;k,4ujmujc8d8jk’daoD dkolnjlkoc[[oU c,jo,us^kpI6[c[[ g-ajoG w,37ig;[ XMicrowave?F fk;mP,lnj lko XSatellite?F vyo2ikgif XInfrared?F 7nho;ymtp5 XRadio? c]t g-;]6]k XCellular?D • w,37ig;[ XMicrowave? gxaoI6[c[[dkolnjlko 3fp.-h7nho;ymtp57;k,4ujl6’F lk,kflnjlko.ow]ptmk’mujwd zjko-aho[aopkdkf c]t vk;tdkfwfh 3fp9tlqj’laopko9kdlt4koulqj’laopkol6odk’wx skglqkIa[laopko.os^kp0q’g0f faj’ltcf’.oI6[ $D) ]5j,oUG I6[ $D)G I6[ltcf’dkolqj’laopkow,37ig;[ • fk;mP,lnjlko XSatellite) lt4kouIa[{lqj’laopko9kdI6[c[[dkolnjlkoc[[w,37ig;[ muj,u9koIa[ c]t 9ko lqj’7nho7;k,4uj0t|kf.spj c]t gIaf;Pd16jovdvk;tdkf g-yj’lt4koufaj’djk;9tlnjlkoda[ lt4kourkdrNofyo muj,u9koIa[{lqj’laopkow,37ig;[g-ajodaoD lt4kourkdrNofyo9tlqj’0=h
ສ.ວ.ສ 79 ,6olqj’.shfk;mP,F 9kdoahoF fk;mP,9t0tspkplaopko c]t dt9kplaopko8+wxsklt 4kou rkdrNofyomujgxaogxqhk\kpD faj’ltcf’.oI6[ $D_ ]5j,oUG I6[ $D_G I6[ltcf’dkolqj’laopkozjkofk;mP, • vyo2ikgif XInfrared? c,joI6[c[[dkolnjlko0=h,6o3fp.-h7nhocl’vyo2ikgif ,u]ad ltotdkolnjlko7hkp7ndaoda[dkolnjlkoc[[w,37ig;[D \kp7;k,;jkdkolnjlko fh;pcl’vyo2ikgif9t8hv’xyjo8q;Ia[ c]t 8q;lqj’g0qhk.shdq’dao c]t [+,ulyj’duf0;k’ glaholkp8k s^n 0;k’cl’vyo2ikgifD faj’I6[ $D!W ]5j,oUG I6[ $D!WG I6[ltcf’dkolqj’laopkovyo2ikgif
80 • 7nho;ymtp5 XRadio? gxaodkolnjlkoc[[[+,ulkp mujlk,kfdt9kplaopkowfhw]ptwd g-ajoG ]ts;jk’c0;’ c]t ]ts;jk’xtgmfgxao8qhoD .oxaf95[aoF z6hoe.-hmqj;wxde]a’oy pq,.-hg8ad3o3]-udkolnjlkofh;plaopko;ymtp5w]pt.dhg-ajoG g8ad3o3]-u[^6m6f XBluetooth? g-yj’,u7;k,w;.odkolnjlko[+gduo !WWW MbpsD dko.-hg8ad3o3]-uoU9t8hv’,u v5xtdvomujlk,kfg-njv,8+[^6m6f g-yj’gxao-y[8q;ohvpM 16j.ov5xtdvo c]t gIaf|hk mujlnjlkoda[-y[muj16jrkp.ov5xtdvovnjog-ajoG 7v,ry;g8u8ah’38tF 3of[5dF 3m]tla[,n4n gxao8qhoD I6[ $D!!G I6[ltcf’dkolqj’laopko;ymtp5 • g-;]6]k XCellular? gxaodkolnjlkomuj.-h7nho;ymtp5 3fp9t,u;ymudkoc[j’0q’g0fvvd gxaog-; c]t c8j]tg-;9t,uglqklaopkogrnjv.-hIa[ c]t lqj’0=h,6oF 3fpdko8yf8+lnj lko0=h7;k,9t4ndlqj’wx16[jvomuj16j.dhmujl5fF 9kdoahoF 9t4ndlqj’wxskg-;vnjoM 9qog4y’ lt4kouc9d9jkplaopko g-yj’gIaf|hkmuj.odko-vdsk95f\kpxkpmk’D s^a’9kd oahoF 9tlqj’0=h,6owxsk95f\kpxkpmk’oaho grnjvlnjlkoda[v5xtdvogxqhk\kp c]t .o 0totmujv5xtdvomuj.-h.odkolnjlkog7njvomuj9kdg-;|bj’wxskvudg-;|bj’F ]t[q[g-;]6 ]k d=9tlqj’zjkodkog-njv,8+9kdg-;gfu,wxskg-;.\jmuj.dhmujl5f gIaf.sh75ootrk[ 0v’laopkopa’7ngdqjkD dkolnjlkoc[[oUwfh,udkooe.-h1jk’czjs^kp.ov5xtdvolnjlko c[[,n4ng-ajoG 3m]tla[,n4n gxao8qhoD
ສ.ວ.ສ 81 I6[ $D!@G I6[ltcf’dkolqj’laopkog-;]6]k [aofk-jv’mk’.odkolnjlko0=h,6oc[[[+.-hlkp ,us^kpI6[c[[F g-yj’c8j]tI6[c[[ d= ,u95ffu c]t 95fvjvomujc8d8jk’daog-ajofP;daoD faj’wfhlts^5[]kp]tvPf.o8k8t]k’ $D@ 0hk’]5j,ouhG I6[c[[dkolnjlko 95ffu 95fvjvo w,37ig;[ { xt1af7jk.-h9jkp.odko 8yf8ah’ { lk,kflqj’0=h,6ofh;p 7;k,w;l6’ { [+.sh,ulyj’duf0;k’glaholkp8k { ,ulaopko]q[d;owfh’jkp { 4nd]ad9a[laopkowfh’jkp fk;mP,lnjlko { lk,kflqj’0=h,6os^kp.o 7;k,w;l6’ { ,6o7jkdko8yf8ah’l6’ { 4nd]ad9a[laopkowfh’jkp vyo2ikgif { lk,kfg7njvophkp v5xtdvo’jkp { [+8hv’,udko8yf8ah’ lkplaopko { [+.sh,ulyj’duf0;k’glaholkp8k { w]ptmk’.odkolqj’0=h,6olaho 7nho;ymtp5 dko9afdkolaopko,u 7;k,pnf15jol6’d;jklkp laopko { ,u7;k,w;.odkolqj’laopko|hvp { 4nd]q[d;o c]t ]ad9a[laopko wfh’jkp g-;]6]k lk,kf.-hv5xtdvog7njvomuj .odko8yf8+lnjlkowfh laopko4nd]q[d;o c]t ]ad2a’wfh ’jkp 8k8t]k’ $D@G lts^5[lq,mP[dkolnjlkoc[[[+,ulkp
82 $D$ xtgrf0v’g7nv0jkp ]t[q[g7nv0jkpc[[8jk’M 9t,u7;k,lk,kf c]t 75o]adltotmujc8d8jk’daowxD g-yj’ gxao|hkmuj0v’oadvvdc[[ muj9t8hv’ry9k]tok75o]adltotltgrktgs^qjkoaho grnjv7afg]nvd ]t[q[g7nv0jkpmujg\ktlq,da[]t[q[;Pd’ko mujwfhvvdc[[,kw;hs^kpmujl5fD .oxaf95[aolk ,kfc[j’]t[q[g7nv0jkpvvdwfhgxao # xtgrf7nG ]t[q[g7nv0jkp]tfa[mhv’4yjo XLocal Area Network?F ]t[q[g7nv0jkp]tfa[0q’g0f XMetropolitan Area Network? c]t ]t[q[g7nv 0jkpd;hk’0;k’ s^n ]tfa[lkdqo XWide Area Network?D • ]t[q[g7nv0jkp]tfa[mhv’4yjo XLAN? gxao]t[q[g7nv0jkpmujoe.-h grnjvg-njv,8+lnjlkorkp.ovq’dvo X3I’IPoF 3I’\=F shv’ dkoF leoad’ko gxao8qho? c]t gxaog7nv0jkprNo4kole]a[dkog-njv,8+da[g7nv0jkp vnjoMvudD g[yj’I6[ $D!#G I6[ $D!#G ]t[q[g7nv0jkp]tfa[mhv’4yjo X LAN?
ສ.ວ.ສ 83 • ]t[q[g7nv0jkp]tfa[0q’g0f XMAN? gxaog7nv0jkpmuj,u0t|kf.spjd;jk LAN c]t gduf9kddkog-njv,3p’g7nv0jkp LAN g0qhkdaog-ajoG dkogzupczj0=h,6ofh;p]t[q[3m]tmafF dkog-njv,8+7v,ry;g8u]ts;jk’leoad ’ko.spj c]t lk0kD MAN gxao]t[q[g7nv0jkpmuj.-hda[]t[q[3m]tla[,n4n.oxaf95[aoD g[yj’ I6[ $D!$G I6[ $D!$G ]t[q[g7nv0jkp]tfa[0q’g0f XMAN? • ]t[q[g7nv0jkpd;hk’0;k’ XWAN? gxaog7nv0jkp[=]yg;od;hk’F 9t,u0v[g0f.odkog-njv,8+mujd;hk’0;k’d;jk]t[q[ LAN c]t MAN 9tgxaodkog-njv,8+]ts;jk’g7nv0jkp LAN 8ah’c8j @ g7nv0jkp0Bowxg-yj’d=.sh gduf]t[q[g7nv0jkp0t|kf.spj]tfa[c0;’F xtgmf s^n vkf0hk,mt;u[g]upd=wfhD g[yj’I6[ $D!&G
84 I6[ $D!&G ]t[q[g7nv0jkpd;hk’0;k’ XWAN? $D& 37’lhk’0v’dkog-njv,8+g7nv0jkp XNetwork Topology? dko8yf8+lnjlko]ts;jk’7v,ry;g8u @ g7njv’0Bowx ,u]adltotdkog-njv,8+rkp.og7nv 0jkp LAN wfh & I6[c[[faj’oUG 4.5.1 dkog-njv,8+c[[[afl XBus Topology? gxaodkog-njv,8+g7njv’7v,ry;g8u .omhv’4yjofP;dao 3fp.-hlkplaopkog-njv,8+gvUo ;jkG [afl XBus?D [afl gxaodkogfuomk’0v’0=h,6oIj;,dao]ts;jk’7v,ry;g8u 3fplaopko 9t4nddt9kpwx8ts^vfglahomk’D faj’mujltcf’.oI6[ $D!* ]5j,oUG
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