Al-Muyassar Jilid II

‫‪  ‬ا‪‬‬

‫اَ ْ َ ْﺮ ُف اَﻟْ َ ِ َﻤ ُﺔ اَ ْ ُ ْﻤﻠَ ُﺔ‬

‫َ ِ َﻤ ُﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ب ‪َ -‬ت ‪َ -‬ث ‪.‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ِﻣﻨْ ُﻪ‬ ‫ُﺐ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ َ ْﺮ ُف ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ‬ ‫اَ‬
‫اﻟ‬

‫ا‪‬‬
‫‪ِ ْ َ -‬ﻠ ُﺲ ‪. ِ -‬‬ ‫اَﻟْ َ ِ َﻤ ُﺔ ِ َ ﻟَ ْﻔ ٌﻆ َ ُ َﻣ ْﻌ ً ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬
‫َ‬
‫ِ‬

‫ََ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أَ ْو‬ ‫َ ِ َﻤ َﺘ ْ ِ‬ ‫ا‪‬‬ ‫ُﺐ‬ ‫ا ْ ُﻤ َﺮ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ ُ ْﻤﻠَ ُﺔ‬ ‫اَ‬
‫أ‬ ‫أ ِو‬
‫ِ َ َﻗ ْﻮ ٌل ُ َﺆﻟ ٌﻒ ِﻣ ْﻦ‬

‫ِﻟ َﻔﺎﺋِ َﺪ ٍة‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ :‬ﻧُ ْﻮ ُر ا ﺸ ْﻤ ِﺲ ‪َ -‬ﻛ َﺘ َﺐ ُ َﻤ ٌﺪ‪.‬‬

‫أ‪ ‬ا‪‬ف‬

‫َﻣ َﻌﺎ ِ‬ ‫ِﻫ َﺠﺎ ِ ‪َ /‬ﻣ َﺒﺎ ِ‬
‫ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬و ‪ -‬أو ‪ -‬ﺛﻢ ‪ -‬ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬أ ب ت ث‬

‫أ‪ ‬ا‪‬‬

‫إِ ْﺳ ُﻢ اﻟْ ِﻔ ْﻌ ِﻞ‬ ‫ﻓِ ْﻌ ٌﻞ َﺣ ْﺮ ٌف‬ ‫إِ ْﺳ ٌﻢ‬

‫‪-١ -‬‬

‫َ ْ َ ُﻣ ْﻘ َ َ ٍن ﺑِ َﺰ َﻣ ٍﻦ‪،‬‬ ‫‪ .١‬ا‪‬‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫اَ ْ ِﻹ ْﺳ ُﻢ ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ َدل‬

‫َﻣ ْﻌ ً ِ َ ْﻔ ِﺴ ِﻪ‬

‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﺧﺎ ِ ٌ ‪ -‬ﻓَ ْﺮ ٌس ‪َ -‬دا ٌر‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٢‬ا‪‬‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫اَﻟْ ِﻔ ْﻌ ُﻞ ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ َدل‬

‫َﻣ ْﻌ ً ِ َ ْﻔ ِﺴ ِﻪ ُﻣ ْﻘ َ َﻧًﺎ ﺑِ َﺰ َﻣ ٍﻦ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫َﺟﺎ َء ‪ِ َ -‬ﻴْ ُﺊ ‪ِ -‬ﺟﻴْ َﺊ‪.‬‬

‫‪ْ َ -‬ﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪-‬إِ‬ ‫ا‪‬ف‬ ‫‪.٣‬‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫اَ ْ َ ْﺮ ُف ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ َدل‬
‫َو ُﻫ َﻮ ﺛَ َﻼﺛَ ُﺔ أَﻗْ َﺴﺎ ٍم‪:‬‬
‫ِ َ ْ ِهِ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﻫ ْﻞ‪ِ -‬‬ ‫َﻣ ْﻌ ً‬

‫‪َ ْ ُ .١‬ﺘﺺ ﺑِﺎ ْ ِﻹ ْﺳ ِﻢ؛ َﻛ ُﺤ ُﺮ ْو ِف ا ْ َﺮ‪.‬‬
‫‪ْ ُ .٢‬ﺘَﺺ ﺑِﺎﻟْ ِﻔ ْﻌ ِﻞ؛ َﻛ ُﺤ ُﺮ ْو ِف ا ْﺼ ِﺐ َوا ْ َ ْﺰ ِم‪.‬‬
‫‪ْ ُ .٣‬ﺸ َ َ ٌك َ ْ َ ا ْ َﻷ ْﺳ َﻤﺎ ِء َوا ْ َﻷ ْ َﻌﺎ ِل؛ َﻛ ُﺤ ُﺮ ْو ِف اﻟْ َﻌ ْﻄ ِﻒ‪.‬‬

‫َ ْﻘﺒَ ُﻞ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َﻬﺎ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َْ‬ ‫َﻣﺎ ﻳَ‪ُ.٤‬ﺪلإ‪َ ‬ﻋ‪‬ﻠَاﻴْ‪ِ‬ﻪ‪‬ا‪‬ﻟْ ِﻔ‪ْ ‬ﻌ ُﻞ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫َ ِ َﻤ ٌﺔ ﺗَ ُﺪل‬ ‫ُﻫ َﻮ‬
‫ﻻ‬

‫َﻋ َﻼ َﻣﺘَ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ َ َ ﺛَ َﻼﺛَ ِﺔ أَﻧْ َﻮا ٍع‪:‬‬

‫‪-٢ -‬‬

‫‪ .١‬إِ ْﺳ ُﻢ اﻟْ ِﻔ ْﻌ ِﻞ ا ْ َﻤﺎ ِ ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﻫﻴْ َﻬﺎ َت ﺑِ َﻤ ْﻌ َ َ ُﻌ َﺪ‬
‫َﺷ َﺘﺎ َن ﺑِ َﻤ ْﻌ َ ِا ْ َ َ َق‬
‫أَﺗَ َﻀﺠ ُﺮ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫إِ ْﺳ ُﻢ اﻟْ ِﻔ ْﻌ ِﻞ ا ْ ُﻤ َﻀﺎ ِر ِع‪،‬‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﺑِ َﻤ ْﻌ‬ ‫أف‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫‪.٢‬‬

‫آه ﺑِ َﻤ ْﻌ َ أَﺗَ َﻮﺟ ُﻊ‬
‫َ‬
‫َ َﻌﺠ ُﺐ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ى ﺑِ َﻤ ْﻌ َ‬

‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﺻ ْﻪ ﺑِ َﻤ ْﻌ َ اُ ْﺳ ُﻜ ْﺖ‬ ‫ْ ِﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ﻓِ ْﻌ ِﻞ‬ ‫ِإ ْﺳ ُﻢ‬ ‫‪.٣‬‬
‫اﻷ‬

‫آ ِﻣ ْ َ ﺑِ َﻤ ْﻌ َ ِا ْﺳ َﺘ ِﺠ ْﺐ‬
‫ُر َو ْ َﺪ ﺑِ َﻤ ْﻌ َ اَ ْ ِﻬ ْﻞ‬

‫‪-٣ -‬‬

‫أم‪‬اع ا‪‬‬

‫َوا ْ ُﻤ َﺮ ُﺐ ِﺳﺘ ُﺔ أَﻧْ َﻮا ٍع‪:‬‬

‫‪ .١‬اَ ْ ُﻤ َﺮ ُﺐ ا ْ ِﻹ ْﺳﻨَﺎ ِدي؛‬
‫ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ ﺗَ َﻟ َﻒ ِﻣ ْﻦ ُ ْﺴﻨَ ٍﺪ َو ُ ْﺴﻨَ ٍﺪ إِ َ ْ ِﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ :‬اَﻟْ ِﻌﻠْ ُﻢ ﻧَﺎﻓِ ٌﻊ ‪َ -‬ﻗ ْﺪ أَﻓْﻠَ َﺢ ا ْ ُﻤ ْﺆ ِﻣﻨُ ْﻮ َن‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٢‬اَ ْ ُﻤ َﺮ ُﺐ ا ْ ِﻹ َﺿﺎ ِ ؛‬
‫ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ ﺗَ َﺮ َﺐ ِﻣ َﻦ ا ْ ُﻤ َﻀﺎ ِف َوا ْ ُﻤ َﻀﺎ ِف ِإ َ ْ ِﻪ‪،‬‬

‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ر ُﺳ ْﻮ ُل ا ِﷲ ‪َ -‬ﻴْ ُﺖ ا ِﷲ‪.‬‬

‫َْ‬ ‫‪ .٣‬اَ ْ ُﻤ َﺮ ُﺐ ا ْ َﻴَﺎ ِ ؛‬
‫اﻷو ِل‪،‬‬
‫َ ﻧَ ْﺖ ﺛَﺎﻧِ َ ُﺘ ُﻬ َﻤﺎ ُ َﻮﺿ َﺤ ًﺔ َﻣ ْﻌ َ‬ ‫َ ِ َﻤﺘَ ْ ِ‬ ‫ُﻫ َﻮ ُ‬

‫َو ُﻫ َﻮ ﺛَ َﻼﺛَ ُﺔ أَﻗْ َﺴﺎ ٍم‪:‬‬

‫أ‪َ ُ .‬ﺮ ٌﺐ َو ْﺻ ِ ؛ َو ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ ﺗَ َﻟ َﻒ ِﻣ َﻦ ا ﺼ َﻔ ِﺔ َوا ْ َﻤ ْﻮ ُﺻ ْﻮ ِف‪،‬‬
‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ :‬إِ َ ْ ِﻪ ﻳَ ْﺼ َﻌ ُﺪ اﻟْ َ ِ ُﻢ اﻟﻄﻴ ُﺐ‪.‬‬

‫‪-٤ -‬‬

‫ب‪َ ُ .‬ﺮ ٌﺐ ﺗَ ْﻮ ِﻛﻴْ ِﺪي؛ َو ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ ﺗَ َﻟ َﻒ ِﻣ َﻦ ا ْ ُﻤ َﺆ ِﺪ َوا ْ ُﻤ َﺆ ِﺪ‪،‬‬

‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ :‬اَ ﺎ ُس ُ ُﻬ ْﻢ َﻫﻠْ َ ‪.‬‬

‫ج‪َ ُ .‬ﺮ ٌﺐ ﺑَ َﺪ ِ ؛ َو ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ ﺗَ َﺮ َﺐ ِﻣ َﻦ ا ْ َ َﺪ ِل َوا ْ ُﻤﺒْ َﺪ ِل ِﻣﻨْ ُﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ :‬ﻗَﺎ َل ا ْ ِﻹ َﻣﺎ ُم َﻣﺎ ِ ٌﻚ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬اَ ْ ُﻤ َﺮ ُﺐ اﻟْ َﻌ ْﻄ ِ ؛‬

‫ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ ﺗَ َﻟ َﻒ ِﻣ َﻦ ا ْ َﻤ ْﻌ ُﻄ ْﻮ ِف َوا ْ َﻤ ْﻌ ُﻄ ْﻮ ِف َﻋﻠَﻴْ ِﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ :‬اَ ُﷲ َو َر ُﺳ ْﻮ ُ ُ أَ ْﻋﻠَ ُﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٥‬اَ ْ ُﻤ َﺮ ُﺐ ا ْ َﻤ ْﺰ ِ ؛‬

‫ُﻫ َﻮ ُ َ ِ َﻤﺘَ ْ ِ ُرﻛﺒَ َﺘﺎ َو ُﺟ ِﻌﻠَ َﺘﺎ َ ِ َﻤ ًﺔ َوا ِﺣ َﺪ ًة‪،‬‬
‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ْ َ :‬ﻌﻠَ َﺒ َﻚ ‪َ -‬ﻴْ ُﺖ َ ْ ِﻢ ‪ِ -‬ﺳ ْﺒَ َﻮ ْ ِﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٦‬اَ ْ ُﻤ َﺮ ُﺐ اﻟْ َﻌ َﺪ ِدي؛‬

‫ُﻣ َﻘﺪ ٌر‪،‬‬ ‫َ ْﻄ ٍﻒ‬ ‫َﺣ ْﺮ ُف‬ ‫ْ َﻨ ُﻬ َﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺑَ‬ ‫َو ُﻫ َﻋ َﻮ َﺪ ِﻣَدﻳْْﻦِﻦأَ ََﺣ ََﺪن‬ ‫ُﻫ َﻮ ُ‬
‫َﻋ َ َ ‪.‬‬ ‫َ ِ ْﺴ َﻌ َﺔ‬ ‫َ َ ِإ‬ ‫َﻋ‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬

‫‪-٥ -‬‬

‫‪ ‬أ‪ ‬ا‪‬‬

‫َ ْ ُﻊ ُﻣ َﺬﻛ ٍﺮ َﺳﺎ ِ ٌﻢ‬ ‫‪ُ .١‬ﻣ ْﻔ َﺮ ٌد ُﻣ َﺜ‬
‫ُ َﺆﻧ ٍﺚ َﺳﺎ ِ ٌﻢ‬
‫أَ ْﺳ َﻤﺎ ُء ا ْ َ ْﻤ َﺴ ِﺔ‬ ‫‪.٢‬‬
‫ﺗَ ْ ِﺴ ْ ٍ‬ ‫َﻣ ْﻘ ُﺼ ْﻮ ٌر َﻣﻨْ ُﻘ ْﻮ ٌص‬ ‫‪.٣‬‬
‫َ ْ ُ أَ ْﺳ َﻤﺎ ِء ا ْ َ ْﻤ َﺴ ِﺔ‬ ‫‪.٤‬‬
‫ُﻣﻨْ َ ِ ٌف‬ ‫‪.٥‬‬
‫َ ْﻤ ُﺪ ْو ٌد َﺻ ِﺤﻴْ ٌﺢ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﺬﻛ ٌﺮ‬

‫َ ْ ُ ُﻣﻨْ َ ِ ٌف‬
‫ُ َﺆﻧ ٌﺚ‬

‫‪َ .٦‬ﻇﺎ ِﻫ ٌﺮ َﺿ ِﻤ ْ ٌ‬
‫‪َ .٧‬ﻣ ْﻌ ِﺮ َﻓ ٌﺔ ﻧَ ِ َﺮ ٌة‬
‫‪َ .٨‬ﺟﺎ ِﻣ ٌﺪ ُ ْﺸﺘَ ٌﻖ‬

‫‪ُ .٩‬ﻣ ْﻌ َﺮ ٌب َﻣﺒْ ِ‬

‫َ ْ ُﺮ ْو ٌر‬ ‫َﻣﻨْ ُﺼ ْﻮ ٌب‬ ‫‪ْ َ .١٠‬ﺮﻓُ ْﻮ ٌع‬

‫‪-٦ -‬‬

‫إِن إِﺑْ َﺮا ِﻫﻴْ ِﻢ‬ ‫ْ ٍﺮ‬ ‫ﺑَ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ن اﻟْ َﻔ َ‬
‫أِ‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪-‬‬

‫ﺳﻤﺎء ا ﻤﺴﺔ ﻏ أﺳﻤﺎء ا ﻤﺴﺔ ﻏ أﺳﻤﺎء ا ﻤﺴﺔ‬

‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺼﻮر‬

‫ﻏ ﻣﻨ ف‬ ‫ﻣﻨ ف‬ ‫ﻣﻨ ف‬

‫ﻣﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﺬﻛﺮ‬

‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬

‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬

‫ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ ﺟﺎﻣﺪ‬

‫ﻣﻌﺮب ﻣﻌﺮب ﻣﻌﺮب‬

‫ﻣﻨﺼﻮب‬ ‫ﺮور‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺼﻮب‬

‫‪-٧‬‬

‫إِن‬ ‫ِ ا ﺼ َﺪ َﻗﺎ ِت‬ ‫اَ ْ َﻷ ْﻣ ِﺜﻠَ ُﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻏ أﺳ‬ ‫ﻊ ا ﺬﻛﺮ ا ﺴﺎ ﻢ‬ ‫ر‪ ‬ﻗُﻠُ ْﻮ ٌب‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻏ أﺳﻤﺎء ا ﻤﺴﺔ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻊﺗ ﺴ‬ ‫‪١‬‬
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﻨ ف‬ ‫‪ ٢‬ﻏ أﺳﻤﺎء ا ﻤﺴﺔ‬
‫ﺆﻧﺚ‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬ ‫‪٣‬‬
‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻨ ف‬ ‫‪٤‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮب‬
‫ﺮور‬ ‫‪ ٥‬ﻣﺬﻛﺮ‬

‫‪ ٦‬ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬

‫‪ ٧‬ﻧ ﺮة‬

‫‪ ٨‬ﺟﺎﻣﺪ‬

‫‪ ٩‬ﻣﻌﺮب‬

‫‪ ١٠‬ﺮﻓﻮع‬

‫‪٧-‬‬

‫‪ .١‬ا‪‬د وا‪ ‬وا‪‬‬

‫اَ ْ ُﻤ ْﻔ َﺮ ُد‬
‫ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ َدل َ َ َوا ِﺣ ٍﺪ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ر ُﺳ ْﻮ ٌل ‪ -‬ﻳَ ْﻮ ٌم ‪ْ َ -‬ﻠَ ٌﺔ‪.‬‬

‫اَ ْ َﻤﺜَ‬

‫َﺎ َد ِة‬ ‫ً ﺑِ ِﺰ‬ ‫َو َﻣ ْﻌ‬ ‫ُﻣأَ ْﻔ َِﺮﺧ َدِﺮﻳْهِ‪ِ،‬ﻦ ِﻣِاﺜْ ُ َﻔﻞ‪َ:‬ﻘﺎ َو َﻟَ َ ْﻔا ًﻈِنﺎ‬ ‫ُﻫ َﻮ إِ ْﺳ ٌﻢ ُﻣ ْﻌ َﺮ ٌب ﻧَﺎ َب َ ْﻦ‬
‫ﻳْ ِﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ /‬و َ َ‬ ‫أَ ْو‬ ‫َ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫َوﻧُ ْﻮ ٍن‬ ‫ﻳَﺎ ٍء‬ ‫َوﻧُ ْﻮ ٍن‬ ‫أ ِﻟ ٍﻒ‬

‫َوا ْ ُﻷم‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫اَ ْ َﻷﺑَ َﻮ ْ ِﻦ‬ ‫ِﻴْ َﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫َو َﻗ ْﺪ‬
‫ِﻸ ِب‬
‫اَﻟْ ُﻌ َﻤ َﺮ ْ ِﻦ ‪ِ ‬ﻟ ُﻌ َﻤ َﺮ ﺑْ ِﻦ ا ْ َﻄﺎ ِب َو ُ َﻤ َﺮو ﺑْ ِﻦ ِﻫ َﺸﺎ ٍم‬
‫اَ ْ َﻤ ْﺮ َو َ ْ ِ ‪ِ ‬ﻠﺼ َﻔﺎ َوا ْ َﻤ ْﺮ َو َة‬
‫َ‬
‫ُ َﻘﺎ ُس َﻋﻠَﻴْ ِﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫َ ُﻬ َﻮ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﺑَﺎ ِب ا ْﻐ ِﻠﻴْ ِﺐ َو ُﻫ َﻮ ِﺳ َﻤﺎ ِ‬

‫اَ ْ ُﻤﻠْ َﺤ ُﻖ ﺑِﺎ ْ ُﻤﺜَ‬
‫اَ ْ ُﻤﻠْ َﺤ ُﻖ ﺑِﺎ ْ ُﻤ َﺜ ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ َﺟﺎ َء َ َ ُﺻ ْﻮ َر ِة ا ْ ُﻤ َﺜ َو َ ْﻢ ﻳَ ُ ْﻦ‬

‫َﺻﺎ ِ ًﺎ ِﻠﺘ ْﺠ ِﺮ ْ ِﺪ ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ِ :‬اﺛْ َ ْ ِ ‪ِ -‬اﺛْ َ َﺘ ْ ِ ‪ْ ِ - َ ِ -‬ﺘَﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪-٨ -‬‬

‫َ ْ ُﻊ ا ْ ُﻤ َﺬﻛ ِﺮ ا ﺴﺎ ِ ُﻢ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َﻊ ﺑِ ِﺰ َﺎ َد ِة َوا ٍو َوﻧُ ْﻮ ٍن أَ ْو‬
‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫أ ِﺧ ِﺮ ِه‪،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ﻳَﺎ ٍء َوﻧُ ْﻮ ٍن‬ ‫ا ْ ُﻤ ْﺆ ِﻣﻨُ ْﻮ َن ‪َ -‬و َﺳ َ ِ ْ ُﺪ ا‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َﻣﺎ ُ‬ ‫ُﻫ َﻮ‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫ْ ُﻤ ْﺤ ِﺴ ِ ْ َ‬ ‫أَﻓْﻠَ َﺢ‬ ‫ﻗَ ْﺪ‬

‫ُ ُ ْو ُط َ ْ ِﻊ ا ْ ُﻤ َﺬﻛ ِﺮ ا ﺴﺎ ِ ِﻢ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .١‬أَ ْن ﻳَ ُ ْﻮ َن َﻋﻠَ ًﻤﺎ ِ ُﻤ َﺬﻛ ٍﺮ َ ﻗِ ٍﻞ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ ُ :‬ﻤ ٌﺪ ‪َ ُ ‬ﻤ ُﺪ ْو َن‬

‫‪َ ‬ﻋ ِﻠﻴ ْﻮ َن‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪ .٢‬أَ ْن ﻳَ ُ ْﻮ َن ِﺻ َﻔ ًﺔ ِ ُﻤ َﺬﻛ ٍﺮ َ ﻗِ ٍﻞ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ َ :‬ﻓِ ٌﺮ ‪ َ ‬ﻓِ ُﺮ ْو َن‬‫ِ‬

‫َﺻﺎ ِﻟ ٌﺢ ‪َ ‬ﺻﺎ ِ ُ ْﻮ َن‬

‫اَ ْ ُﻤﻠْ َﺤ ُﻖ ِ َ ْﻤ ِﻊ ا ْ ُﻤ َﺬﻛ ِﺮ ا ﺴﺎ ِ ِﻢ‬
‫َو ُﻠْ َﺤ ُﻖ ِ َ ْﻤ ِﻊ ا ْ ُﻤ َﺬﻛ ِﺮ ا ﺴﺎ ِ ِﻢ ِ ِإ ْﻋ َﺮاﺑِ ِﻪ َﻣﺎ َو َر َد َﻋ ِﻦ اﻟْ َﻌ َﺮ ِب‬

‫َ ْ ُﻤ ْﻮ ً ‪َ .‬و َﻫ َﺬا ا ْ َ ْﻤ ُﻊ َ ْ ُ ُ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﻮ ٍف ِﻠ ُ ْو ِط‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ِﻋ ْ ِ ْ َﻦ إِ َ ِ ْﺴ ِﻌ ْ َ ‪ِ َ َ -‬ﻤ ْ َ ‪ -‬أَ ْر َﺿ ْ َ ‪ -‬ﺑَ ِ ْ َ ‪.‬‬

‫‪-٩ -‬‬

‫َ ْ ُﻊ ا ْ ُﻤ َﺆﻧ ِﺚ ا ﺴﺎ ِ ُﻢ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫أ ِﺧ ِﺮهِ‪،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َوﺗَﺎ ٍء‬ ‫أ ِﻟ ٍﻒ‬ ‫َﺎ َد ِة‬ ‫ِ َﻊ ﺑِ ِﺰ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ‬

‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ َ :‬ﻓِ َﺮا ٌت ‪َ -‬ﺻﺎﺋِ َﻤﺎ ٌت‪.‬‬

‫ُ ُ ْو ُط َ ْ ِﻊ ا ْ ُﻤ َﺆﻧ ِﺚ ا ﺴﺎ ِ ِﻢ‪:‬‬
‫َو ُ ْ َﻤ ُﻊ َ َ َﻫ َﺬا ا ْ َ ْﻤ ِﻊ َﻣﺎ ﻳَﺄْ ِ ؛‬

‫‪َ .١‬ﻋﻠَ ُﻢ ا ْ ُﻤ َﺆﻧ ِﺚ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ْ َ :‬ﺮ َ ُﻢ ‪ْ َ ‬ﺮ َ َﻤﺎ ٌت‪ ،‬ﻓَﺎ ِﻃ َﻤ ُﺔ ‪َ ‬ﻓﺎ ِﻃ َﻤﺎ ٌت‪.‬‬
‫ْ‬
‫َﺷ َﺠ َﺮا ٌت‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫َﺷ َﺠ َﺮ ٌة‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ِﻴْ ِﺚ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺄ‬ ‫َﻣﺎ ُﺧ ِﺘ َﻢ ﺑِ َﺘﺎ ِء ا‬ ‫‪.٢‬‬

‫‪ِ .٣‬ﺻ َﻔ ُﺔ ا ْ ُﻤ َﺆﻧ ِﺚ َﻣ ْﻘ ُﺮ ْوﻧَ ًﺔ ﺑِﺎ ﺎ ِء‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ْ ُ :‬ﺆ ِﻣ َﻨ ٌﺔ ‪ْ ُ ‬ﺆ ِﻣﻨَﺎ ٌت‪.‬‬
‫ﺛَ َﻼﺛَ َﺔ أَ ْﺣ ُﺮ ٍف‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ :‬إِ ْﻛ َﺮا ٌم ‪ ‬إِ ْﻛ َﺮا َﻣﺎ ٌت‪.‬‬ ‫اََﻣْﺎ َﻤ ُْﺧﺼِﺘ ََﺪﻢ ُﺑِرﺄَاِﻟ ْ ُِﻤﻒَﺠاﺎ ِوﺄُْز‬
‫ِﻴْ ِﺚا ْ َﻤ ْﻘ ُﺼ ْﻮ َر ِة‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ِ :‬ذ ْﻛ َﺮى‪ِ ‬ذ ْﻛ َﺮ َﺎ ٌت‪.‬‬ ‫‪.٤‬‬
‫‪.٥‬‬

‫َﺻ ْﺤ َﺮا َوا ٌت‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫َﺻ ْﺤ َﺮا ُء‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ْ َﻤ ْﻤ ُﺪ ْو َد ِة‪،‬‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ِﻴْ ِﺚ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُﺧ ِﺘ َﻢ‬ ‫َﻣﺎ‬ ‫‪.٦‬‬
‫ﺄ‬ ‫ﺑِﺄ ِﻟ ِﻒ‬

‫اَ ْ ُﻤﻠْ َﺤ ُﻖ ِ َ ْﻤ ِﻊ ا ْ ُﻤ َﺆﻧ ِﺚ ا ﺴﺎ ِ ِﻢ‬

‫َو ُﻠْ َﺤ ُﻖ ﺑِ ِﻪ ِ إِ ْﻋ َﺮاﺑِ ِﻪ َﺷ ْ َﺌﺎ ِن؛‬
‫‪ .١‬أُ ْو َﻻ ُت ﺑِ َﻤ ْﻌ َ َﺻﺎ ِﺣ َﺒﺎ ِت ‪َ .٢‬ﻋ َﺮﻓَﺎ ٍت ‪ -‬اَ ْذ ِر َ ٍت‬

‫‪- ١٠ -‬‬

‫َ ْ ُﻊ ا ْﻜ ِﺴ ْ ِ‬
‫ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ َ َﻐ َ َ ْﻦ ِﺑﻨَﺎ ِء ُﻣ ْﻔ َﺮ ِدهِ ِﻋﻨْ َﺪ ا ْ َ ْﻤ ِﻊ‪،‬‬
‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ِ :‬ﻛ َﺘﺎ ٌب ‪ُ ‬ﻛﺘُ ٌﺐ َر ُﺳ ْﻮ ٌل ‪ُ ‬ر ُﺳ ٌﻞ‬
‫أَ َﺳ ٌﺪ ‪ ‬أُ ُﺳ ٌﺪ‬
‫ُﻏ َﻼ ٌم ‪ِ ‬ﻏﻠْ َﻤﺎ ٌن‬

‫َ ِة‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اﻟْ َﻜ‬ ‫ْ ُﻊ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َو‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ ُﻊ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﻟ ِﻘﻠ ِﺔ‬
‫َ ْ ُﻊ اﻟْ ِﻘﻠ ِﺔ ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ ﻳُ ْ َﺘ َﺪأُ ﺑِﺎ َﻼﺛَ ِﺔ َو َ ْ َﺘ ِ ﺑِﺎﻟْ َﻌ ْ َ ِة‪.‬‬
‫َو َ ْ ُﻊ اﻟْ َﻜ ْ َ ِة ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ ﻳُ ْ َﺘ َﺪأُ ﺑِﺎ َﻼﺛَ ِﺔ َو َﻻ ﻧِ َﻬﺎﻳَ َﺔ َ ُ‪.‬‬
‫ْ‬ ‫أَ ْو َزا ُن‬
‫اﻟ ِﻘﻠ ِﺔ‪:‬‬ ‫ْ ِﻊ‬ ‫َ‬

‫أَ ْذ ُر ٌع‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ْ ُﻔ ٌﺲ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ْ ُﻌ ٌﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪.١‬‬
‫أ‬ ‫أ‬

‫‪ .٢‬أَﻓْ ِﻌﻠَ ٌﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ :‬أَ ْﻋ ِﻤ َﺪ ٌة ‪ -‬أَ ْﻃ ِﻌ َﻤ ٌﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٣‬ﻓِ ْﻌﻠَ ٌﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ :‬ﻓِﺘْ َﻴ ٌﺔ ‪ِ -‬ﺻﺒْ َﻴ ٌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫َ‬ ‫أَﻧْ َﻮا ٌع‬ ‫َ‬
‫ْﻴَﺎ ٌت‪.‬‬ ‫أ‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ْ َﻌﺎ ٌل‪،‬‬ ‫أ‬ ‫‪.٤‬‬

‫‪- ١١ -‬‬

‫‪ِ :‬ﻗ َﺮ َد ٌة‪ِ -‬ﻴْﻠَ ٌﺔ‬ ‫‪ .٩‬ﻓِ َﻌﻠَ ٌﺔ‬ ‫أَ ْو َزا ُن َ ْ ِﻊ اﻟْ َﻜ ْ َ ِة‪:‬‬
‫‪ُ :‬ﻛﺘﺎ ٌب‪ُ -‬ﺻﻮا ٌم‬ ‫‪ُ .١٠‬ﻌﺎ ٌل‬
‫‪ِ :‬ﺟ َﺒﺎ ٌل‪ِ -‬رﻗَﺎ ٌب‬ ‫‪ِ .١١‬ﻓ َﻌﺎ ٌل‬ ‫‪َ ُ .١‬ﻌ ٌﻞ ‪ُ :‬ﻏ َﺮ ٌف‪ُ -‬ﺣ َﺠ ٌﺞ‬
‫‪ُ .١٢‬ﻌ ٌﻞ‬
‫‪ُ :‬رﻛ ٌﻊ‪ُ -‬ﺻﻮ ٌم‬ ‫‪ُ ُ .١٣‬ﻌ ْﻮ ٌل‬ ‫‪ .٢‬ﻓِ َﻌ ٌﻞ ‪ :‬ﻗِ َﻄ ٌﻊ‪ِ -‬ﺣ َﺠ ٌﺞ‬
‫‪َ ُ .١٤‬ﻌ َﻼ ُء‬ ‫‪َ َ .٣‬ﻌﻠَ ٌﺔ ‪َ َ :‬ﻔ َﺮ ٌة‪َ -‬ﺳ َﺤ َﺮ ٌة‬
‫‪ُ :‬ﻗﻠُ ْﻮ ٌب‪ُ -‬ذ ُﻛ ْﻮ ٌر‬ ‫‪ِ .١٥‬ﻓ ْﻌ َﻼ ُن‬
‫‪ْ ُ .١٦‬ﻌ ٌﻞ‬ ‫‪َ ُ .٤‬ﻌﺎ ٌة ‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﺪا ٌة‪ُ -‬ر َﻣﺎ ٌة‬
‫‪ُ :‬ﻋﻠَ َﻤﺎ ُء‪َ ُ -‬ﻈ َﻤﺎ ُء‬
‫‪ِ :‬ﻏﻠْ َﻤﺎ ُن‪ِ -‬ﺟ ْ َا ُن‬ ‫‪ْ َ .٥‬ﻌ َ ‪ْ َ :‬ﺮ َ ‪َ -‬ﺘْ َ‬
‫‪ .٦‬أَﻓْ ِﻌ َﻼ ُء ‪ :‬أَﻧْ ِﻴَﺎ ُء‪-‬أَ ْو ِ َﺎ ُء‬
‫‪ٌ ْ ُ :‬ﺮ‪ُ -‬ﺳ ْﻮ ٌد‬ ‫‪ْ ُ .٧‬ﻌ َﻼ ُن ‪َ ْ ُ :‬ﻼ ُن‪ُ -‬ذ ْﻛ َﺮا ُن‬
‫‪ُ ُ .٨‬ﻌ ٌﻞ ‪ُ :‬ﻛ ُﺘ ٌﺐ‪ُ -‬ر ُﺳ ٌﻞ‬

‫إِ ْﺳ ُﻢ ا ْ َ ْﻤ ِﻊ‬
‫َﻧ ُﻪ‬ ‫ا ْ َ ْﻤ ِﻊ‬
‫َ ُ ِﻣ ْﻦ ﻟَ ْﻔ ِﻈ ِﻪ‬ ‫َوا ِﺣ َﺪ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ َْ‬ ‫ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ ﺗَ َﻀﻤ َﻦ َﻣ ْﻌ َ‬
‫ﻻ‬

‫َو ِ َﻤﺎ َوا ِﺣ ُﺪ ُه ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻣ ْﻌ َﻨﺎ ُه‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓَ ْﺮ ٌس ‪َ ‬ﺧﻴْ ٌﻞ‬ ‫ِا ْ َﺮأَ ٌة ‪َ ِ ‬ﺴﺎ ٌء‬

‫ُﺟﻨْ ِﺪي ‪َ ‬ﺟ ْ ٌﺶ َ َ ٌﻞ ‪ ‬إِﺑِ ٌﻞ‬

‫‪- ١٢ -‬‬

‫َ ْ ُﻊ ا ْ َ ْﻤ ِﻊ‬

‫ﻗَ ْﺪ ُ ْ َﻤ ُﻊ ا ْ َ ْﻤ ُﻊ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬

‫ِر َﺟﺎ ٌل ‪ِ ‬ر َﺟﺎ َﻻ ٌت‬ ‫ُ ُﻴ ْﻮ ٌت ‪ُ ‬ﻴُ ْﻮﺗَﺎ ُت‬

‫َﺎ ِﻟ ُﺐ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ٌب‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ َ ﺑَﺎ ٌت‬ ‫ٌب ‪‬‬ ‫َ‬
‫أ‬ ‫ِ‬

‫َﻣﺎ َ َن َ ْ ًﻌﺎ َو َوا ِﺣ ًﺪا‬
‫ِﻣ َﻦ ا ْ َﻷ ْﺳ َﻤﺎ ِء َﻣﺎ َ َن َ ْ ًﻌﺎ َو ُﻣ ْﻔ َﺮ ًدا ﺑِﻠَ ْﻔ ٍﻆ َوا ِﺣ ٍﺪ‪،‬‬

‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ُ :‬ﺟﻨُ ٍﺐ ‪َ -‬ﺿﻴْ ٍﻒ ‪ -‬ﻓُﻠُ ٍﻚ‪.‬‬

‫َﻣﺎ ٍل‪.‬‬ ‫أ‪‬ء ا‪‬‬ ‫اأَﺑُ ْﻮ‪َ ‬ك‪-‬أَ‪ُ ‬ﺧو ْﻮ‪َ‬ك‪-‬‬ ‫‪ .٢‬ا‪‬ء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اَ ْ َﻷ ْﺳ َﻤﺎ ُء‬

‫َ ُ ْﻮ َك‪ُ -‬ﻓ ْﻮ َك‪ُ -‬ذ ْو‬ ‫ْ َ ْﻤ َﺴ ُﺔ ِ َ ؛‬

‫ُ ُ ْو ُط ا ْ َﻷ ْﺳ َﻤﺎ ِء ا ْ َ ْﻤ َﺴ ِﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .١‬أَ ْن ﻳَ ُ ْﻮ َن ُ َﻀﺎﻓًﺎ ِﻟ َﻐ ْ ِ ﻳَﺎ ِء ا ْ ُﻤﺘَ َ ِﻢ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ْ‬ ‫أَﺑُ ْﻮ َﻃﺎ ِﻟ ٍﺐ ‪ -‬أَﺑُ ْﻮ ُه ‪ -‬أَ ُﺧ ْﻮ‬
‫ِﻋﻠ ٍﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ُذ ْو‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫َ‬
‫ِ‬

‫‪- ١٣ -‬‬

‫َ ُﻊ‬ ‫ُْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ْﻢ ﻳُ َﻀ ْﻒ َﻓﻠَ ْ َﺲ ِﻣﻨَﻬﺎ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ :‬اَ ْ َﻷ ُب‪-‬اَ ْ َﻷ ُخ‪،‬‬ ‫َﻣﺎ‬ ‫َ‬
‫أﻣﺎ‬

‫ْ‪-‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ِﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ا ْ ُﻤ َﺘ‬ ‫ﻳَﺎ ِء‬ ‫َ‬ ‫إِ‬ ‫ْ ُﻤ َﻀﺎ ُف‬ ‫ا‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َﻇﺎ ِﻫ َﺮ ٍة‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑِ َﻀﻤ ٍﺔ‬
‫أِ‬ ‫أ ِو‬
‫َ‬
‫ُ ْ َ ُﻊ ﺑِ َﻀﻤ ٍﺔ ُﻣ َﻘﺪ َر ٍة‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‪،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫أ‬

‫‪ .٢‬أَ ْن ﻳَ ُ ْﻮ َن ُﻣ ْﻔ َﺮ ًدا‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ :‬أَﺑُ ْﻮ َك‪-‬أَ ُﺧ ْﻮ َك‪.‬‬

‫َﻓ ِﺈ َذا َ َن َ ْ ًﻌﺎ ﻓَ َﻼ ﺗُ ْﺮ َ ُﻊ ﺑِﺎ ْ َﻮا ِو‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ :‬آﺑَﺎ ُء ُﻫ ْﻢ‪ِ -‬إ ْﺧ َﻮ ُ ُﻬ ْﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬أَ ْن ﻳَ ُ ْﻮ َن ُﻣ َﻜ ًا َﻻ ُ َﺼﻐ ًﺮا‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ :‬أَﺑُ ْﻮﻧَﺎ‪-‬أَ ُﺧ ْﻮﻧَﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪-‬أ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ْ َﻮا ِو‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑِﺎ‬ ‫َ ُﻊ‬ ‫ُ َﺼﻐ ًﺮا ﻓَ َﻼ ﺗُ ْﺮ‬ ‫َ َن‬ ‫ﻓَﺈِ َذا‬

‫وا‪‬ود‬ ‫اوْا َﻷ‪ِ ‬ﺧ ُ‪‬ﺮ‪‬ص‬ ‫وا‪‬ر‬ ‫ا‪‬‬ ‫‪.٣‬‬

‫اَ ﺼ ِﺤﻴْ ُﺢ‬
‫ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ ﻟَ ْ َﺲ آ ِﺧ ُﺮ ُه َﺣ ْﺮ َف ِﻋﻠ ٍﺔ َو َﻻ أَ ِﻟ ًﻔﺎ َ ْﻤ ُﺪ ْو َد ًة‪،‬‬
‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ :‬اَ ﺮ َﺟﺎ ُل ‪ -‬اَ ْ َﻤ ْﺮأَ ُة ‪ -‬اَﻟْ ِﻜ َﺘﺎ ُب ‪ -‬اَﻟْ َﻘﻠَ ُﻢ‪.‬‬
‫َْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫َ َن آ ِﺧ ُﺮ ُه َﺣ ْﺮ َف ِﻋﻠ ٍﺔ‬ ‫َ ُﻬ َﻮ َﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻷ ِﺧ ِﺮ‬ ‫ا ﺼ ِﺤﻴْ ِﺢ‬ ‫ِﺷﺒْ ُﻪ‬ ‫أﻣﺎ‬

‫ٍْ‪.‬‬ ‫‪َ -‬ﻫ ْﺪ ٍي ‪َ -‬ﺳ‬ ‫ٍ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َﻇ‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َد‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫َﺒْﻠَ َﻬﺎ‪،‬‬ ‫َﺳﺎ ِﻛ َﻨ ٍﺔ َﻣﺎ‬
‫ٍﻮ‬

‫‪- ١٤ -‬‬

‫اَ ْ َﻤ ْﻘ ُﺼ ْﻮ ُر‬

‫ﺑِ ُﺼ ْﻮ َر ِة‬ ‫ُ ِﺘ َﺒ ْﺖ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َﺳ َﻮا ٌء‬ ‫ﺛَﺎﺑِﺘَ ٌﺔ‬ ‫أَ ِﻟ ٌﻒ‬ ‫آ ِﺧ ُﺮ ُه‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﻌ َﺮ ٌب‬ ‫ِإ ْﺳ ٌﻢ‬ ‫ُﻫ َﻮ‬
‫أ‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫َ ﻟْ َﻌ َﺼﺎ أَ ْم ِﺑ ُﺼ ْﻮ َر ِة ا ْ َﺎ ِء َﻛ ُﻤ ْﻮ َ‬ ‫َْ‬
‫اﻷ ِﻟ ِﻒ‬
‫َ ﻧَ ْﺖ ﺛَﺎ ِ َ ًﺔ أَ ْﺻﻠُ َﻬﺎ ا ْ َﻮا ُو‪،‬‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ِإ ْن‬ ‫اﻷ ِﻟ ِﻒ‬ ‫ﺑِ ُﺼ ْﻮ َر ِة‬ ‫ﺗُ ْﺮ َﺳ ُﻢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َو ِ‬

‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ :‬اَﻟْ َﻌ َﺼﺎ ‪ -‬اَﻟْ َﻌ َﻼ ُء‪.‬‬

‫َوﺗُ ْﺮ َﺳ ُﻢ ﺑِ ُﺼ ْﻮ َر ِة ا ْ َﺎ ِء ِإ ْن َ ﻧَ ْﺖ َراﺑِ َﻌ ًﺔ ﻓَ َﺼﺎ ِﻋ ًﺪا‪،‬‬

‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ ْ ُ :‬ى ‪ْ ُ -‬ﺼ َﻄ َ ‪ْ ُ -‬ﺴ َ ْﺸ َ ‪.‬‬
‫أَ ْو َ ﻧَ ْﺖ ﺛَﺎ ِ َ ًﺔ أَ ْﺻﻠُ َﻬﺎ ا ْ َﺎ ُء‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ :‬اَﻟْ َﻔ َ ‪ -‬اَ ْ ُﻬ َﺪى‪.‬‬
‫َو ِ َذا ﻧُﻮ َن ا ْ َﻤ ْﻘ ُﺼ ْﻮ ُر ُﺣ ِﺬﻓَ ْﺖ أَ ِﻟ ُﻔ ُﻪ ﻟَ ْﻔ ًﻈﺎ َوﺛُ ِﺘَ ْﺖ َﺧﻄﺎ‪،‬‬

‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ْ ُ :‬ﻦ َ ً ﻳَ ْﺪ ُﻋ ْﻮ ِإ َ ُﻫ ًﺪى‪.‬‬
‫اَ ْ َﻤﻨْ ُﻘ ْﻮ ُص‬

‫ُﻫ َﻮ ِإ ْﺳ ٌﻢ ُﻣ ْﻌ َﺮ ٌب آ ِﺧ ُﺮ ُه ﻳَﺎ ٌء ﺛَﺎﺑِﺘَ ٌﺔ َﻣ ْﻜ ُﺴ ْﻮ َر ٌة َﻣﺎ َﺒْﻠَ َﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ :‬اَﻟْ َﻘﺎ ِ ‪ -‬اَ ﺰا ِ ‪ -‬اَ ﺮا ِ ‪.‬‬

‫‪- ١٥ -‬‬

‫َﻓﺈِ ْن َ ﻧَ ْﺖ ﻳَﺎ ُء ُه َ ْ َ ﺛَﺎ ِﺑ َﺘ ٍﺔ َﻓﻠَ ْ َﺲ ِﻣﻨْ ُﻪ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ :‬أَ ِﺧﻴْ َﻚ‪.‬‬
‫َو ِ َذا َ َﺮ َد ِﻣ ْﻦ اَ ْل َوا ْ ِﻹ َﺿﺎ َﻓ ِﺔ ُﺣ ِﺬﻓَ ْﺖ ﻳَﺎ ُء ُه ﻟَ ْﻔ ًﻈﺎ َو َﺧﻄﺎ ِ َﺣﺎﻟَ ِﺔ‬

‫ا ﺮﻓْ ِﻊ َوا ْ َﺮ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﺣ َ َﻢ ﻗَﺎ ٍض َ َ َزا ٍن‪.‬‬
‫َو َ َﺒ َﺖ ِ َﺣﺎﻟَ ِﺔ ا ْﺼ ِﺐ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﺟ َﻌﻠَ َﻚ ا ُﷲ َﻫﺎ ِدﻳًﺎ ِإ َ ا ْ َﻖ‪.‬‬
‫َ ِﻴْ ِﻊ ا ْ َﻷ ْﺣ َﻮا ِل‪،‬‬ ‫َوا ْ ِﻹ َﺿﺎﻓَ ِﺔ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫َوأَﻣﺎ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫َ َﺘ ْﺒُ ُﺖ‬ ‫أل‬ ‫َﻣ َﻊ‬

‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﺣ َ َﻢ اﻟْ َﻘﺎ ِ َ َ ا ﺰا ِ َو َﺟﺎ َء َﻗﺎ ِ اﻟْ ُﻘ َﻀﺎ ِة‪.‬‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ ِز ْ َﺪ ْت أَ ِﻟ ٌﻒ َوﻧُ ْﻮ ٌن أَ ْو ﻳَﺎ ٌء َوﻧُ ْﻮ ٌن ِ‬
‫أ ِﺧ ِﺮهِ‪،‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َو ِ َذا‬

‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ :‬اَ ْ َﻬﺎ ِدي ‪ ‬اَ ْ َﻬﺎ ِدﻳَﺎ ِن ‪ /‬اَ ْ َﻬﺎ ِد َ ْ ِ ‪.‬‬

‫َوﺗُ َﺮد ﻳَﺎ ُء ُه ِإ ْن ُﺣ ِﺬ َﻓ ْﺖ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﻗﺎ ٍض ‪َ ‬ﻗﺎ ِﺿﻴَﺎ ِن ‪ /‬ﻗَﺎ ِﺿ َﻴ ْ ِ ‪.‬‬
‫َو ِ َذا ُ ِ َﻊ ُ ْ َﺬ ُف ﻳَﺎ ُء ُه َو ُ َﻀﻢ َﻣﺎ َﺒْ َﻞ ا ْ َﻮا ِو َو ُ ْ َ ُ َﻣﺎ َﺒْ َﻞ‬
‫ا ْ َﺎ ِء ِﻠْ ُﻤ َﻨﺎ َﺳ َﺒ ِﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ :‬اَ ْ َﻬﺎ ِدي ‪ ‬اَ ْ َﻬﺎ ُد ْو َن ‪ /‬اَ ْ َﻬﺎ ِد ْ َﻦ‪.‬‬

‫اَ ْ َﻤ ْﻤ ُﺪ ْو ُد‬

‫ُﻫ َﻮ ِإ ْﺳ ٌﻢ ُﻣ ْﻌ َﺮ ٌب آ ِﺧ ُﺮ ُه َﻫ ْﻤ َﺰ ٌة َﺒْﻠَ َﻬﺎ أَ ِﻟ ٌﻒ َزاﺋِ َﺪ ٌة‪،‬‬
‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ :‬اَ ﺴ َﻤﺎ ُء ‪ -‬اَ ﺼ ْﺤ َﺮا ُء‪.‬‬

‫‪- ١٦ -‬‬

‫ﻓَﺈِ ْن َ ﻧَ ْﺖ َﺒْ َﻞ آ ِﺧ ِﺮ ِه أَ ِﻟ ٌﻒ َ ْ َ َزاﺋِ َﺪ ٍة ﻓَﻠَ ْ َﺲ ِﻣﻨْ ُﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ :‬اَ ْ َﻤﺎ ُء ‪ -‬اَ ا ُء‪.‬‬
‫ْ‬
‫ِﻴْ ِﺚ‪،‬‬ ‫ِﻠﺘﺄ‬ ‫ﻧَ ْﺖ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ا ْ َﻤ ْﻤ ُﺪ ْو ُد ُ ْﻘﻠَ ُﺐ َﻫ ْﻤ َﺰﺗُ ُﻪ َوا ًوا إِ ْن‬ ‫َو ِ َذا ُ‬

‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﺻ ْﺤ َﺮا ُء ‪َ ‬ﺻ ْﺤ َﺮ َوا ِن َﺣ ْﺴﻨَﺎ ُء ‪َ ‬ﺣ ْﺴ َﻨﺎ َوا ِن‬
‫ﻓَﺈِ ْن َ ﻧَ ْﺖ َﻫ ْﻤ َﺰﺗُ ُﻪ أَ ْﺻ ِﻠﻴ ًﺔ َﺒْ َﻖ َ َ َﺣﺎ ِ َﻬﺎ َﺘَ ُﻘ ْﻮ ُل ِ ﺗَ ْ ِﻨﻴَ ِﺔ‬

‫ُﻗ َﺮا ٍء ‪ُ ‬ﻗ َﺮا َءا ِن‪َ ،‬و َﺿﺎ ٍء ‪َ ‬و َﺿﺎ َءا ِن‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٤‬ا‪‬ف و‪ ‬ا‪‬ف‬

‫اَ ْ ُﻤﻨْ َ ِ ُف )اَ ْ ُﻤﻨَﻮ ُن( ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ َِ َﻖ آ ِﺧ ُﺮ ُه ا ﻨْ ِﻮ ْ َﻦ‪،‬‬

‫َ ُ ْﻮ ُز أَ ْن‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ر ُﺟ ٍﻞ ‪َ ُ -‬ﻤ ٍﺪ ‪ْ َ -‬ﺴ ِﺠ ٍﺪ‪.‬‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ ُف )‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َوا ْ ِﻹ ْﺳ ُﻢ ا‬
‫ﻻ‬ ‫َﻣﺎ‬ ‫ُﻫ َﻮ‬ ‫ُ ُﻣ َﻨﻮ ٍن(‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َﻨْ َ‬ ‫ِى ﻻ‬

‫َ ِ َﺸ َﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫َ َﺪ ‪ -‬إِﺑْ َﺮا ِﻫﻴْ َﻢ ‪-‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ٌة‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َﻨْ ِﻮ ْ ٌﻦ َو َﻻ َﻛ ْ‬ ‫ﻳَﻠْ َﺤ َﻘ ُﻪ‬
‫أ‬

‫َو ُﻫ َﻮ َ َ ﻧَ ْﻮ َ ْ ِ ؛‬

‫‪ .١‬ﻧَ ْﻮ ٌع َ ْﻤﻨَ ُﻊ ِ َﺴ َﺒ ٍﺐ َوا ِﺣ ٍﺪ ‪ .٢‬ﻧَ ْﻮ ٌع َ ْﻤ َﻨ ُﻊ ِ َﺴ َﺒَ ْ ِ ‪.‬‬

‫‪- ١٧ -‬‬

‫اَ ْ َﻤ ْﻤ ُﻨ ْﻮ ُع ِﻣ َﻦ ا ْ ِف ِ َﺴﺒَ ٍﺐ َوا ِﺣ ٍﺪ‬
‫‪ِ .١‬ﺻﻴْ َﻐ ِﺔ ُﻣﻨْ َﺘ َ ا ْ ُ ُﻤ ْﻮ ِع‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ َ :‬ﺴﺎ ِﺟ َﺪ ‪َ -‬د َرا ِﻫ َﻢ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪ِ -‬ذ ْﻛ َﺮى‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ُ :‬ﺣﺒْ َ‬ ‫ْ َﻤ ْﻘ ُﺼ ْﻮ َر ِة‪،‬‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ِﻴْ ِﺚ‬ ‫ﺄ‬ ‫أ ِﻟ ِﻒ ا‬ ‫‪.٢‬‬

‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﺻ ْﺤ َﺮا ُء ‪َ -‬ﺻ ْﻔ َﺮا ُء‬ ‫ْ َﻤ ْﻤ ُﺪ ْو َد ِة‪،‬‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ِﻴْ ِﺚ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺄ‬ ‫‪ .٣‬أ ِﻟ ِﻒ ا‬

‫ِﺻ َﻴ ُﻎ ُﻣﻨْ َﺘ َ ا ْ ُ ُﻤ ْﻮ ِع ‪:‬‬

‫‪ ١‬و ‪َ َ ٢‬ﻌﺎ ِ َﻞ َو َ َﻌﺎ ِ ْ َﻞ ‪َ :‬د َرا ِﻫ َﻢ ‪َ -‬دﻧَﺎ ِ ْ َ‬
‫‪ ٣‬و ‪ ٤‬أَ َﻓﺎ ِﻋ َﻞ َو أَ َﻓﺎ ِﻴْ َﻞ ‪ :‬أَﻧَﺎ ِ َﻞ ‪ -‬أَ َﺳﺎ ِﻴْ َﺪ‬

‫‪ ٥‬و ‪َ َ ٦‬ﻔﺎ ِﻋ َﻞ َو َ َﻔﺎ ِﻴْ َﻞ ‪َ َ :‬ﺎ ِر َب ‪ -‬ﺗَ َﺮا ِو ْ َﺢ‬
‫‪ ٧‬و ‪َ ٨‬ﻣ َﻔﺎ ِﻋ َﻞ َو َﻣ َﻔﺎ ِ ﻴْ َﻞ ‪َ َ :‬ﺴﺎ ِﺟ َﺪ ‪َ َ -‬ﺼﺎ ِﻴْ َﺢ‬

‫‪ ٩‬و ‪َ ١٠‬ﻓ َﻮا ِﻋ َﻞ َو ﻓَ َﻮا ِﻴْ َﻞ ‪َ :‬ﺧ َﻮاﺗِ َﻢ ‪َ -‬د َوا ِو ْ َﻦ‬

‫‪َ :‬ﺻ َﺤﺎﺋِ َﻒ ‪َ -‬ذﺑَﺎﺋِ َﺢ‬ ‫‪َ َ ١١‬ﻌﺎﺋِ َﻞ‬
‫‪َ :‬ﻛ َﺮا ِ ‪ -‬أَﻧَﺎ ِ‬
‫‪َ َ ١٢‬ﻌﺎ ِ‬

‫‪- ١٨ -‬‬

‫اَ ْ َﻤ ْﻤﻨُ ْﻮ ُع ِﻣ َﻦ ا ْ ِف ِ َﺴ َﺒَ ْ ِ‬
‫‪ .١‬اَ ْ َﻮ ْﺻ ُﻒ َﻣ َﻊ اﻟْ َﻌ ْﺪ ِل‪،‬‬
‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ :‬ﺛُ َﻼ َث ‪ُ -‬ر َﺎ َ‬
‫َ‬ ‫أَ ْﺣ َﺴ ُﻦ‬
‫َُ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ .٢‬اَ ْ َﻮ ْﺻ ُﻒ َﻣ َﻊ َو ْز ِن اﻟْ ِﻔ ْﻌ ِﻞ‪،‬‬

‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﺳ ْﻜ َﺮا ُن ‪َ -‬ﻏ ْﻀﺒَﺎ ُن‬ ‫ْﻮ ِن‪،‬‬ ‫َوا‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫َﺎ َد ِة‬ ‫ِز‬ ‫َﻣ َﻊ‬ ‫ْ َﻮ ْﺻ ُﻒ‬ ‫اَ‬ ‫‪.٣‬‬
‫اﻷ ِﻟ ِﻒ‬

‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ ُ :‬ﻤ ُﺮ ‪ُ -‬زﻓَ ُﺮ‬ ‫‪ .٤‬اَﻟْ َﻌﻠَ ُﻢ َﻣ َﻊ اﻟْ َﻌ ْﺪ ِل‪،‬‬
‫َ‬
‫ْ ُﺪ‬ ‫َ ُﺪ ‪ -‬ﻳَ ِﺰ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ا َِوز َْزﺎﺄْ َِِدن ِةﻴْااﻟِْ ِْﻔﺚ َﻷ‪ْ ،‬ﻌِﻟ ِِﻞ‪،‬ﻒ‬ ‫َﻣ َﻊ‬ ‫اَﻟْ َﻌﻠَ ُﻢ‬ ‫‪.٥‬‬
‫َﻣ َﻊ‬ ‫اَﻟْ َﻌﻠَ ُﻢ‬ ‫‪.٦‬‬
‫ْﻮ ِن‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ ُ :‬ﺜْ َﻤﺎ ُن ‪ُ -‬ﺳ ْﻔﻴَﺎ ُن‬ ‫َوا‬ ‫َﻣ َﻊ‬ ‫اَﻟْ َﻌﻠَ ُﻢ‬ ‫‪.٧‬‬

‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ ِ َ :‬ﺸ ُﺔ ‪َ -‬ﺧ ِﺪ ْ َ ُﺔ‬

‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ِ :‬إﺑْ َﺮا ِﻫﻴْ ُﻢ‪-‬إِ ْﺳ َﻤﺎ ِ ﻴْ ُﻞ‬ ‫‪ .٨‬اَﻟْ َﻌﻠَ ُﻢ َﻣ َﻊ اﻟْ ُﻌ ْﺠ َﻤ ِﺔ‪،‬‬

‫‪ .٩‬اَﻟْ َﻌﻠَ ُﻢ َﻣ َﻊ ﺗَ ْﺮ ِﻛﻴْ ِﺐ َ ْﺰ ِ ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ْ َ :‬ﻌﻠَﺒَ َﻚ ‪ِ -‬ﺳ ْﺒَ َﻮ ْ ِﻪ‬

‫ُ ُ ْو ُط ا ْ َﻤ ْﻤﻨُ ْﻮ ِع ِﻣ َﻦ ا ْ ِف‪:‬‬
‫ُ ْﻮ َن ُ َﻀﺎﻓًﺎ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ َ :‬ﺮ ْر ُت ﺑِﺄَ ْﺣ َﺴ ِﻨ ِﻬ ْﻢ ُﺧﻠُ ًﻘﺎ‬ ‫أَ ْن‬
‫ﻳَ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪.١‬‬
‫ﻻ‬

‫ا ْ َﻷﻓْ َﻀ ِﻞ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫إِ‬ ‫أَ ْﺣ َﺴﻨْ ُﺖ‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫َ ْﺴﺒُ ْﻮﻗًﺎ‬ ‫ُ ْﻮ َن‬ ‫ﻳَ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أَ ْن‬ ‫‪.٢‬‬
‫ِﺑﺄل‪،‬‬ ‫ﻻ‬

‫‪- ١٩ -‬‬

‫اَ ْﻤ ِﺮ ْ ُﻦ‪ :‬اُ ْذ ُﻛ ْﺮ أَﻧْ َﻮا َع ا ْ َﻷ ْﺳ َﻤﺎ ِء ِﻴْ َﻤﺎ ﻳَﺄْ ِ !‬
‫ِﻣ ْﻦ َر ِﻬ ْﻢ ‪ -‬أَ ْز َوا ٌج ‪ُ -‬ﻣ َﻄﻬ َﺮ ٌة ‪ -‬اَ ْ َﺎ ِ ُ ْو َن ‪َ -‬ﺟﻨﺎ ٍت ‪ِ -‬ﻵ َد َم‬
‫ُ ْﻢ ‪ -‬ﺑِ َﻌ َﺼﺎ َك ‪ -‬اَ ﺰا ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َﺧ ِﻠﻴْ َﻔ ًﺔ ‪ -‬اَ ْ ُﻬ َﺪى ‪ -‬إِ‬
‫ْ ُﻔ َﺴ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ِﻴْ َﻞ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬

‫َوا َﺼﺎ َرى ‪َ -‬ﺻ ْﻔ َﺮا ُء ‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻌ ُﺪ ْو َد ًة ‪َ -‬وا ْ َﻤ َﺴﺎ ِﻛ ْ ِ ‪ -‬اَ ﺼﺎ ِ َﺎ ِت‬
‫اَ ْ َﻤ ْﺴ َﻜﻨَ ُﺔ ‪ -‬اَ ْ َﻨ ُﺔ ‪َ -‬و ِﺎ ْ َﻮا ِ َ ﻳْ ِﻦ ‪ -‬ﺑِﺎ ﺮ ُﺳ ِﻞ ‪ُ -‬ﻗﻠُ ْﻮ ُﻨَﺎ ‪َ -‬و ِﺟ ْ ِ ْ َﻞ‬
‫ُﺳﻠَﻴْ َﻤﺎ َن ‪ -‬اَ ﺼﻠَ ْﻮ َة‪.‬‬

‫‪- ٢٠ -‬‬

‫‪ .٥‬ا‪ ‬وا‪‬م‪‬‬

‫اَ ْ ُﻤ َﺬﻛ ُﺮ‬

‫ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ ﻳَ ِﺼﺢ أَ ْن ُ ِﺸ ْ َ ِإ َ ْ ِﻪ ﺑِ َﻘ ْﻮ ِ َﻚ ) َﻫ َﺬا(‪،‬‬
‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ر ُﺟ ٌﻞ ‪َ -‬و َ ٌ ‪َ -‬ﻴْ ٌﺖ‪.‬‬

‫َ‬ ‫َوا ْ ُﻤ َﺬﻛ ُﺮ ﻗِ ْﺴ َﻤﺎ ِن؛‬
‫ْ َ َﻴ َﻮا ِن‪،‬‬ ‫ﺎ ِس أ ِو ا‬ ‫اَ ْ َ ِﻘﻴْ ِ ‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ ﻳَ ُﺪل‬
‫َ َ َذ َﻛ ٍﺮ ِﻣ َﻦ ا‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ر ُﺟ ٌﻞ ‪ -‬أَ َﺳ ٌﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.١‬‬

‫َ‬ ‫َﻛ ِﺮ ِﻣ َﻦ ا‬ ‫ُ َﻌﺎ ِ ُﻞ ُﻣ َﻌﺎ َﻠَ َﺔ ا‬ ‫اَ ْ َﻤ َﺠﺎ ِزي‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ‬ ‫‪.٢‬‬
‫ﺎ ِس أ ِو‬
‫ا ْ َﻴَ َﻮا ِن َوﻟَ ْ َﺲ ِﻣﻨْ َﻬﺎ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ :‬ﺑَﺎ ٌب ‪ -‬ﺑَ ْﺪ ٌر‪.‬‬

‫اَ ْ ُﻤ َﺆﻧ ُﺚ‬
‫ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ ﻳَ ِﺼﺢ أَ ْن ُ ِﺸ ْ َ ِإ َ ْ ِﻪ ﺑِ َﻘ ْﻮ ِ َﻚ ) َﻫ ِﺬ ِه(‪،‬‬

‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ِ :‬ا ْ َﺮأَ ٌة ‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﺪ َر َﺳ ٌﺔ ‪َ -‬ﺷ ْﻤ ٌﺲ‪.‬‬
‫َوا ْ ُﻤ َﺆﻧ ُﺚ َ َ أَ ْر َ َﻌ ِﺔ أَﻗْ َﺴﺎ ٍم؛‬

‫‪- ٢١ -‬‬

‫ِﻴْ ِﺚ‪،‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َِ َﻘﺘْ ُﻪ َﻋ َﻼ َﻣ ُﺔ ا‬ ‫ﻟَ ْﻔ ِﻈ ْﻲ‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ‬ ‫‪.١‬‬
‫ﺄ‬

‫ْ‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ :‬ﻓَﺎ ِﻃ َﻤ ُﺔ‪َ -‬ﻃﻠْ َﺤ ُﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺄ‬
‫ِﻴْ ِﺚ‪،‬‬ ‫ِﻴْ ِﻪ َﻋ َﻼ َﻣ ُﺔ ا‬ ‫َﻣ ْﻌ َﻨ ِﻮ ْي‪َ :‬و ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ ﻟَ ْ َﺲ‬ ‫‪.٢‬‬

‫َ‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ْ َ :‬ﺮ َ ُﻢ ‪َ -‬ز ْ َﻨ ُﺐ ‪ِ -‬ﻫﻨْ ُﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺎ ِس أ ِو ا‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ْ َﻴَ َﻮا ِن‪،‬‬ ‫ِﻣ َﻦ ا‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫َﺣ ِﻘﻴْ ِ ْ ‪َ :‬و ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ َدل‬ ‫‪.٣‬‬

‫َ‬ ‫ُْ‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ِ :‬ا ْ َﺮأَ ٌة ‪ُ -‬ﻏ َﻼ َﻣ ٌﺔ ‪ -‬ﻧَﺎ َﻗ ٌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫أ ِو‬ ‫اﻷ‬
‫ﺎ ِس‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ِﻣ َﻦ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َﻠَ َﺔ‬ ‫ُﻣ َﻌﺎ‬ ‫ِ ُﻞ‬ ‫ُ َﻌﺎ‬ ‫َ َﺎ ِز ْي‪َ :‬و ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ‬ ‫‪.٤‬‬

‫ا ْ َ َﻴ َﻮا ِن‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﺷ ْﻤ ٌﺲ ‪َ -‬دا ٌر ‪. ٌ ْ َ -‬‬

‫ِﻴْ ِﺚ‪:‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َﻋ َﻼ َﻣ ُﺔ ا‬
‫ﺄ‬

‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﺪ َر َﺳ ٌﺔ ‪َ -‬ﺟﻨَﺎ َز ٌة‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .١‬اَ ﺎ ُء ا ْ َﻤ ْﺮ ُ ْﻮ َﻃ ُﺔ‪،‬‬

‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ُ :‬ﺻ ْﻐ َﺮى ‪ُ -‬ﻛ ْ َى‪.‬‬ ‫ْ َﻤ ْﻘ ُﺼ ْﻮ َر ِة‪،‬‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ِﻴْ ِﺚ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫أَ ِﻟ ُﻒ ا‬ ‫‪.٢‬‬
‫ﺄ‬

‫َ ْ َﺮا ُء‪.‬‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﻴْ َﻀﺎ ُء ‪-‬‬ ‫ْ َﻤ ْﻤ ُﺪ ْو َد ِة‪،‬‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ِﻴْ ِﺚ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫‪ .٣‬أَ ِﻟ ُﻒ ا‬
‫ﺄ‬

‫‪- ٢٢ -‬‬

‫‪ .٦‬ا‪ ‬وا‪‬‬

‫اَ ْ ِﻹ ْﺳ ُﻢ‬

‫َﻇﺎ ِﻫ ٌﺮ َﺿ ِﻤ ْ ٌ‬

‫ُﻣﻨْ َﻔ ِﺼ ٌﻞ ُﻣﺘ ِﺼ ٌﻞ‬

‫ﺑَﺎ ِر ٌز ُ ْﺴ َ ِ ٌ‬

‫َﺟ َﻮا ًزا ُو ُﺟ ْﻮ ًﺎ‬

‫اَﻟﻈﺎ ِﻫ ُﺮ‬

‫ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ َدل َ َ ُ َﺴ ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ُ :‬ﺳ ْﻔﻴَﺎ ُن ‪ِ -‬ﺣﺒﺎ ُن‪.‬‬

‫اَ ﻀ ِﻤ ْ ُ‬
‫ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ ﻧَﺎ َب َ ْﻦ َﻇﺎ ِﻫ ٍﺮ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ ‪ -‬أَﻧْ َﺖ ‪ -‬أَﻧَﺎ‪.‬‬
‫اَ ﻀ ِﻤ ْ ُ ا ْ ُﻤﻨْ َﻔ ِﺼ ُﻞ‬
‫َ ْ ُﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ َﺘ َﺪأُ‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫ْ ُﺘ ْﻢ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ُﻫ ْﻢ‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑِ ِﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳُ‬ ‫َﻣﺎ‬ ‫ُﻫ َﻮ‬

‫اَ ﻀ ِﻤ ْ ُ ا ْ ُﻤﺘ ِﺼ ُﻞ‬ ‫ْﺘَ َﺪأُ‬

‫َ َ ْ ُﺖ ‪ -‬ﺑَ ْ ُﺘ َﻚ‪.‬‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺑِ ِﻪ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻳُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َﻣﺎ‬ ‫ُﻫ َﻮ‬
‫ﻻ‬

‫‪- ٢٣ -‬‬

‫ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ َ ُ ُﺻ ْﻮ َر ٌة ِ ا ﻠ ْﻔ اَِﻆ‪،‬ﻀ ِﻣِﻤﺜْ ْ ُ ُﻞ‪:‬ا ْﻗَ َ َﺎﺮأْ ِر ُُزت ‪َ -‬ﺟﻠَ ْﺴﻨَﺎ‪.‬‬

‫اَ ﻀ ِﻤ ْ ُ ا ْ ُﻤ ْﺴ َ ِ ُ‬

‫ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ ﻟَ ْ َﺲ َ ُ ُﺻ ْﻮ َر ٌة ِ ا ﻠ ْﻔ ِﻆ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ :‬ﻳَ ْ ُﺘ ُﺐ ‪ -‬اُ ْ ُﺘ ْﺐ‪.‬‬
‫اَ ْ َﺎﺋِ ُﺰ ا ْ ِﻻ ْﺳ ِﺘَﺎ ُر‬

‫ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ َ ُﻞ َ َﻠ ُﻪ اﻟﻈﺎ ِﻫ ُﺮ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﻛ َﺘ َﺐ ‪ -‬ﻳَ ْﺘُ ُﺐ‪.‬‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫َ َﻠ ُﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ِ ُﻮ ُﺟ ْﻮ ِد اﻟﻈﺎ ِﻫ ِﺮ‬ ‫َ ُﺪ‪َ ،‬زا َل ا ْ ِﻹ ْﺿ َﻤﺎ ُر‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫َﻛ َﺘ َﺐ‬ ‫ُ َﻚ‪:‬‬ ‫َﻗ ْﻮ‬ ‫أﻣﺎ‬

‫اَ ْ َﻮا ِﺟ ُﺐ ا ْ ِﻻ ْﺳ ِﺘَﺎ ُر‬
‫ْ ُﺘ ُﺐ ‪ -‬ﻧَ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ْ ُﺘ ُﺐ‪.‬‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻈﺎ ِﻫ ُﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫َﻠ ُﻪ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ُﻞ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫َﻣﺎ‬ ‫ُﻫ َﻮ‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ ُﺘ ُﺐ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أَ ْو‬ ‫َ ُﺪ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْﺘُ ُﺐ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ َﻘﺎ ُل؛‬ ‫ﻓَ َﻼ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫أ‬

‫‪ .٧‬ا‪‬ة وا‪‬‬

‫اَ ِﻜ َﺮ ُة‬
‫ِ َ َﻣﺎ ُو ِﺿ َﻊ ِﻟ َﻐ ْ ِ ُﻣ َﻌ ٍ ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬و َ ٌ ‪َ -‬ر ُﺟ ٌﻞ ‪ -‬أُ ْﺳﺘَﺎ ٌذ‪.‬‬

‫‪- ٢٤ -‬‬

‫اَ ْ َﻤ ْﻌ ِﺮﻓَ ُﺔ‬
‫ِ َ َﻣﺎ ُو ِﺿ َﻊ ِ ُﻤ َﻌ ٍ ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ ُ :‬ﻤ ٌﺪ ‪َ -‬و َ ُ َك ‪ -‬أُ ْﺳ َﺘﺎ ِذي‪.‬‬
‫َوا ْ َﻤ ْﻌ ِﺮ َﻓ ُﺔ َﺳﺒْ َﻌ ُﺔ أَﻧْ َﻮا ٍع‪:‬‬
‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ :‬أَﻧْ َﺖ‪-‬أَﻧَﺎ‪ُ ْ َ -‬ﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .١‬اَ ﻀ ِﻤ ْ ُ‪،‬‬

‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ ُ :‬ﻤ ٌﺪ‪َ َ -‬ﻤ ُﺮ ا ﻳْ ِﻦ‬ ‫‪ .٢‬اَﻟْ َﻌﻠَ ُﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﻫ َﺬا‪َ -‬ﻫ ِﺬ ِه‪َ -‬ذ ِ َﻚ‬ ‫‪ .٣‬إِ ْﺳ ُﻢ ا ْ ِﻹ َﺷﺎ َر ِة‪،‬‬
‫ااََ ْْ ُِﻤﻹ َْﻌﺳﺮُﻢ ُا ْف َﻤﺑِ ْﺄﻮَ ْ ُلﺻ‪ْ ،‬ﻮ ُل‪،‬‬
‫ااََ ْ ُِﻷ ْﺳىﺘَﺎ‪-‬اَُذﻟ‪ِ -‬اَﻟ‪-‬ﻄاَِﺒﻴْ ِ ُْﺐَﻦ‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫‪.٤‬‬
‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫‪.٥‬‬

‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺑَ ْ ُﺘ َﻚ‪َ -‬ﻴْ ُﺖ‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ْ َﻤ ْﺬ ُﻛ ْﻮ َرا ِت‪،‬‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ِ َﻮا ِﺣ ٍﺪ ِﻣ َﻦ‬ ‫ْ ُﻤ َﻀﺎ ُف‬ ‫اَ‬ ‫‪.٦‬‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﻳَﺎ أُ ْﺳ َﺘﺎ ُذ‪-‬ﻳَﺎ َو‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ا ْ َﻤ ْﻘ ُﺼ ْﻮ ُد‪،‬‬ ‫ْ ُﻤﻨَﺎ َدى‬ ‫اَ‬ ‫‪.٧‬‬
‫ُ‬

‫أَﻧْ َﻮا ُع اﻟْ َﻌﻠَ ِﻢ‬

‫َ ُﺪ ‪َ -‬ﺳﺎ ِ ٌﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ُﻣ ْﻔ َﺮ ٌد‪،‬‬ ‫‪َ :‬ﻋﻠَ ٌﻢ‬ ‫أو‪‬‬
‫أ‬ ‫‪.١‬‬

‫َ ِﻦ‪.‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َﺒْ ُﺪ ا ﺮ‬ ‫َ ﺒْ ُﺪ ا ِﷲ ‪-‬‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫‪َ ُ .٢‬ﺮ ٌﺐ ِإ َﺿﺎ ِ ‪،‬‬
‫ْ َﺒ َﻮ ْ ِﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫َ ْﻌﻠَ َﺒ َﻚ ‪ِ -‬ﺳ‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫‪َ ُ .٣‬ﺮ ٌﺐ َ ْﺰ ِ ‪،‬‬

‫‪- ٢٥ -‬‬

‫ًَ‬ ‫‪.١‬م‪َ ‬ﻋ‪:‬ﻠَ ٌﻢ إِ ْﺳ ٌﻢ َﻛ ِﺮ ْ ٌﻢ‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ ُو ِﺿ َﻊ ِ َ ْﻌ ِﻴ ْ ِ ا ْ ُﻤ َﺴ‬
‫أوﻻ‪،‬‬

‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﺳ ِﻌﻴْ ٌﺪ ‪َ -‬ﺣﻨْ َﻈﻠَ ٌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ُ‬ ‫أَ ْو‬ ‫أَﺑُُﺻْﻮ ِﺪاﻟَْر َﻘﺑِﺎﺄَ ِﺳٍ ِبﻢ‬ ‫‪َ .٢‬ﻋﻠَ ٌﻢ ُﻛﻨْﻴَ ٌﺔ‬
‫أم‪،‬‬‫ُ‬ ‫ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ‬ ‫‪:‬‬
‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ْﺜُ ْﻮ َم‪.‬‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫‪ -‬أم‬

‫أَ َز ْْﺷ َُﻌﻦ َﺮاﻟْﺑِ َﻌَﻤﺎﺑِْﺪ ِﺪٍ ْح أََﻦ ْو‪َ -‬ذأَم ْ‪ُ ،‬ﻒ‬ ‫ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪ .٣‬ﻟَ َﻘ ٌﺐ‬
‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ﺎ َﻗ ِﺔ‬ ‫ا‬

‫‪.١‬اَﻟْ‪َ :‬ﻌﻠَ ُﻢ ا ْ ُﻤ ْﺮ َ ِ ُﻞ‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ َ ْﻢ َ ْﺴ ِﺒ ْﻖ َ ُ ِا ْﺳ ِﺘ ْﻌ َﻤﺎ ٌل َﺒْ َﻞ اﻟْ َﻌﻠَ ِﻤﻴ ِﺔ‬
‫ِ َ ْ ِ َﻫﺎ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ُ :‬ﺳ َﻌﺎ ُد ‪َ ُ -‬ﻤ ُﺮ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٢‬اَﻟْ َﻌﻠَ ُﻢ ا ْ َﻤﻨْ ُﻘ ْﻮ ُل‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ ﻧُ ِﻘ َﻞ َ ْﻦ َﺷﻴْ ٍﺊ َﺳ َﺒ َﻖ ِا ْﺳ ِﺘ ْﻌ َﻤﺎ ُ ُ ِﻴْ ِﻪ‬
‫َﺒْ َﻞ اﻟْ َﻌﻠَ ِﻤﻴ ِﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﻓ ْﻀ ٍﻞ ‪ْ َ -‬ﺴ ُﻌ ْﻮ ٌد ‪. َ ْ َ -‬‬

‫‪١‬را‪.‬اَﻟْ‪َ :‬ﻌﻠَ ُﻢ ا ﺸ ْﺨ ُﺺ‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ ُﺧﺼ َﺺ ِ أَ ْﺻ ِﻞ ا ْ َﻮ ْﺿ ِﻊ ﺑِ َﻔ ْﺮ ٍد‬
‫َوا ِﺣ ٍﺪ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﺧﺎ ِ ٌ ‪َ -‬ﺳ ِﻌﻴْ ٌﺪ ‪َ -‬ﻛ ِﺮ ْ ٌﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪- ٢٦ -‬‬

‫ُ ْ َﺘﺺ‪،‬‬ ‫َ َْ‬ ‫ُ ُﻪ‬ ‫ْ َﺲ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َﻨَﺎ َو َل ا‬ ‫َﻣﺎ‬ ‫ُﻫ َﻮ‬ ‫ْ ُﺲ‪:‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫اَﻟْ َﻌﻠَ ُﻢ ا‬ ‫‪.٢‬‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ :‬أُ َﺳﺎ َﻣ ُﺔ ‪َ :‬ﻋﻠَ ًﻤﺎ َ َ ا ْ َﻷ َﺳ ِﺪ‬
‫َ‬
‫‪َ :‬ﻋﻠَ ًﻤﺎ َ َ ا ﺋْ ِﺐ‬ ‫َﺟ ْﻌ َﺪ َة‬ ‫أِ‬

‫ِﻛ ْ َى ‪َ :‬ﻋﻠَ ًﻤﺎ َ َ َﻣ ْﻦ َﻠَ َﻚ اﻟْ ُﻔ ْﺮ َس‬

‫َﻴْ َ َ ‪َ :‬ﻋﻠَ ًﻤﺎ َ َ َﻣ ْﻦ َﻠَ َﻚ ا ﺮ ْو َم‬

‫ِﻓ ْﺮ َﻋ ْﻮ ُن ‪َ :‬ﻋﻠَ ًﻤﺎ َ َ َﻣ ْﻦ َﻠَ َﻚ اﻟْ ِﻘﺒْ َﻂ‬

‫‪َ :‬ﻋﻠَ ًﻤﺎ َ َ َﻣ ْﻦ َﻠَ َﻚ ِ ْ َ‬ ‫اَﻟْ َﻌ ِﺰ ْ ُﺰ‬
‫‪َ :‬ﻋﻠَ ًﻤﺎ َ َ َﻣ ْﻦ َﻠَ َﻚ ا ْ َ َ َﺸ َﺔ‬ ‫اَ َﺠﺎ ِ‬

‫‪ .٨‬ا‪ ‬وا‪‬‬
‫اَ ْ َﺎ ِﻣ ُﺪ‬
‫ُ ْﻮ ُن َﻣﺄْ ُﺧ ْﻮ ًذا ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟْ ِﻔ ْﻌ ِﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ﻳَ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َﻣﺎ‬ ‫ُﻫ َﻮ‬
‫ﻻ‬

‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﺧﻴْ ٌﻞ ‪ِ -‬ﺟ َﺪا ٌر ‪ِ -‬د ْر َﻫ ٌﻢ‪.‬‬
‫َ ْ ِ ا ْ ِﻤﻴْ ِﻤﻴ ِﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫َﻼ ِﻴ ِﺔ ا ْ ُﻤ َﺠﺮ َد ِة‬ ‫َْ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ْ َﻌﺎ ِل‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫َ َﺼﺎ ِد ُر‬ ‫َو ِﻣﻨْ ُﻪ‬

‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ِ :‬ﻋﻠْ ٌﻢ ‪ِ -‬ﻗ َﺮا َء ٌة ‪ِ -‬ﻛﺘَﺎ ٌب‪.‬‬

‫‪- ٢٧ -‬‬

‫اَ ْ ُﻤ ْﺸ َﺘ ُﻖ‬
‫ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ َ َن َﻣﺄْ ُﺧ ْﻮ ًذا ِﻣ َﻦ اﻟْ ِﻔ ْﻌ ِﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ٌ ِ َ :‬ﻢ ‪ُ -‬ﻣﺘَ َﻌﻠ ٌﻢ ‪َ -‬ﻣﻨْ ُﺼ ْﻮ ٌر‪.‬‬

‫َوا ْ َﻷ ْﺳ َﻤﺎ ُء ا ْ ُﻤ ْﺸﺘَ َﻘ ُﺔ َﻋ ْ َ ُة أَﻧْ َﻮا ٍع‪:‬‬

‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﺻﺎ ِﻟ ٌﺢ ‪ْ ُ -‬ﺴ ِﻠ ٌﻢ ‪ْ ُ -‬ﺘَ ِﻬ ٌﺪ‬ ‫‪ِ .١‬إ ْﺳ ُﻢ اﻟْ َﻔﺎ ِﻋ ِﻞ‪،‬‬
‫أَ َﺣ ْﺣ َﺴَﺴ ٌﻦُﻦ‪َ --‬أَﻛ ِﺮْ‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ .٢‬اَ ﺼ َﻔ ُﺔ ا ْ ُﻤ َﺸﺒ َﻬ ُﺔ‪،‬‬
‫َﺿ ِﻌﻴْ ٌﻒ‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ْ ٌﻢ‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬
‫أَﻗْ َﺮ ُب‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫َُ‬ ‫‪ِ .٣‬إ ْﺳ ُﻢ ا ْﻔ ِﻀﻴْ ِﻞ‪،‬‬
‫‪ِ .٤‬إ ْﺳ ُﻢ ا ْ َﻤ َ ِن‪،‬‬
‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ْ َ :‬ﺴ ِﺠ ٌﺪ ‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﺪ َر َﺳ ٌﺔ ‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻜ َﺘ ٌﺐ‬
‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ْ َ :‬ﺮ ِﺟ ٌﻊ ‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻐ ِﺮ ٌب ‪ٌ ِ ْ َ -‬ق‬
‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﻣﻨْ ُﺼ ْﻮ ٌر ‪ْ َ -‬ﺴ ُﺌ ْﻮ ٌل ‪ٌ َ َ ْ ُ -‬م‬ ‫‪ .٥‬إِ ْﺳ ُﻢ ا ﺰ َﻣﺎ ِن‪،‬‬
‫‪ِ .٦‬إ ْﺳ ُﻢ ا ْ َﻤ ْﻔ ُﻌ ْﻮ ِل‪،‬‬
‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﻔ َﺴ َﺪ ٌة‪ْ َ -‬ﺼﻠَ َﺤ ٌﺔ‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻘ َﺼ ٌﺪ‬ ‫‪ِ .٧‬إ ْﺳ ُﻢ ا ْ ِﻤﻴْ ِ ‪،‬‬
‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ِ :‬ﻣ ْﻔﺘَﺎ ٌح ‪ْ ِ -‬ﺮ َﺳ ٌﻢ ‪ْ ِ -‬ﻤ َﺴ َﺤ ٌﺔ‬ ‫‪ِ .٨‬إ ْﺳ ُﻢ ا ْﻵﻟَ ِﺔ‪،‬‬

‫‪ُ .٩‬ﻣ َﺒﺎﻟَ َﻐ ُﺔ ِإ ْﺳ ِﻢ اﻟْ َﻔﺎ ِﻋ ِﻞ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﺷ ُﻜ ْﻮ ٌر ‪َ -‬وﻫﺎ ٌب ‪َ -‬ﺳ ِﻤﻴْ ٌﻊ‬
‫‪ْ َ .١٠‬ﺼ َﺪ ُر اﻟْ ِﻔ ْﻌ ِﻞ َﻓ ْﻮ َق ا َﻼ ِ ا ْ ُﻤ َﺠﺮ ِد‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ :‬إِ ْﻛ َﺮا ًﻣﺎ‪ِ -‬ا ْﺳ ِﺘ ْﻐ َﻔﺎ ًرا‬

‫‪- ٢٨ -‬‬

‫‪ .٩‬ا‪‬ب وا‪‬‬
‫اَ ْ ُﻤ ْﻌ َﺮ ُب‬

‫ﺑِ َﺮ ُﺟ ٍﻞ‬ ‫ُد ُﺧ ْﻮ ِل اﻟْ َﻌﺎ ِ ِﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫َ َرآ ُﺟِﺧ ٌ ُﻞﺮ ُه‪ََ ِ-‬رﺴأَﺒَﻳْ ُِﺐﺖ‬ ‫ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ َ َﻐ‬
‫َر ُﺟ ًﻼ ‪َ َ -‬ﺮ ْر ُت‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﺟﺎ َء‬

‫اَ ْ َﻤﺒْ ِ‬
‫ُِﻣﻫﺜَْﻮ ُﻞ َﻣ‪:‬ﺎ َدَ َرﻻ َ َسَﺘ َﻐ َﻫ َُﺬاآ ِ‪-‬ﺧ ُﺮ َرُهأَﻳِْأَ َ ُﻗْﺴﺖﺒَ َﺴ َِﺎﻫﺐُمَﺬااُد ْ ُُ‪-‬ﻤﺧ ْْﻌﻮَ َِﺮَلﺮَ ْﺎراﻟْ ُِ َﻌتتﺎﺑِِ َﻬ ِﻞَﺬ‪،‬ا‬

‫اَ ْ ُﻤ ْﻌ َﺮ َﺎ ُت ﻗِ ْﺴ َﻤﺎ ِن؛ ﻗِ ْﺴ ٌﻢ ُ ْﻌ َﺮ ُب ﺑِﺎ ْ َ َﺮ َ ِت َو ِﻗ ْﺴ ٌﻢ ُ ْﻌ َﺮ ُب‬
‫ﺑِﺎ ْ ُ ُﺮ ْو ِف‪.‬‬
‫َﻓﺎ ْ ُﻤ ْﻌ َﺮ َﺎ ُت ﺑِﺎ ْ َ َﺮ َ ِت أَ ْر َ َﻌ ُﺔ أَﻧْ َﻮا ٍع‪:‬‬
‫‪ُ ْ َ .٣‬ﻊ ا ْ ُﻤ َﺆﻧ ِﺚ ا ﺴﺎ ِ ُﻢ‬ ‫‪ .١‬اَ ْ ِﻹ ْﺳ ُﻢ ا ْ ُﻤ ْﻔ َﺮ ُد‬

‫ِ ُف‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َﻨْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫اَ ْ ِﻹ ْﺳ ُﻢ ا‬ ‫‪.٤‬‬ ‫‪ُ ْ َ .٢‬ﻊ ا ْﻜ ِﺴ ْ ِ‬
‫ِى ﻻ‬

‫‪- ٢٩ -‬‬

‫َو ُ َﻬﺎ ﺗُ ْﺮ َ ُﻊ ِﺑﺎ ﻀﻤ ِﺔ َو ُﻨْ َﺼ ُﺐ ﺑِﺎﻟْ َﻔﺘْ َﺤ ِﺔ َو ُ َﺮ ﺑِﺎﻟْ َﻜ ْ َ ِة إِﻻ‬
‫َ ْ ُﻊ ا ْ ُﻤ َﺆﻧ ِﺚ ا ﺴﺎ ِ ُﻢ ﻓَ ِﺈﻧ ُﻪ ُﻨْ َﺼ ُﺐ ﺑِﺎﻟْ َﻜ ْ َ ِة َو ِﻻ اَ ْ ِﻹ ْﺳ ُﻢ ا ِى‬
‫َﻻ َﻨْ َ ِ ُف ﻓَ ِﺈﻧ ُﻪ ُ َﺮ ﺑِﺎﻟْ َﻔﺘْ َﺤ ِﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ْ ُ ُﺮ ْو ِف ﺛَ َﻼﺛَ ُﺔ أَﻧْ َﻮا ٍع‪:‬‬ ‫ْ ُﻤ ْﻌ َﺮ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﺑِﺎ‬ ‫َﺎ ُت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أﻣﺎ‬

‫‪ .١‬اَ ْ ُﻤ َﺜ َوا ْ ُﻤﻠْ َﺤ ُﻖ ﺑِ ِﻪ‪.‬‬
‫اَ َْ َْﻷ ُْﻊﺳ اَﻤ ْﺎ ُﻤُء َﺬاﻛْ َ ِﺮ ْﻤا َﺴ ُﺔﺴ‪.‬ﺎ ِ ُﻢ َوا ْ ُﻤﻠْ َﺤ ُﻖ ﺑِ ِﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪.٢‬‬
‫‪.٣‬‬

‫أَﻗْ َﺴﺎ ُم ا ْ ِﻹ ْﻋ َﺮا ِب‬
‫اَ ْ ِﻹ ْﻋ َﺮا ُب أَ ْر َ َﻌ ُﺔ أَﻗْ َﺴﺎ ٍم؛‬
‫آ ِﺧ ِﺮ اﻟْ َ ِ َﻤ ِﺔ‬ ‫اَ ْ ِﻹ ْﻋ َﺮا ُب ا ﻠ ْﻔ ِﻈﻲ‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ أَﺛَ ٌﺮ َﻇﺎ ِﻫ ٌﺮ ِ‬
‫َ ْ ِﻠ ُﺒ ُﻪ‬ ‫اﻟْ َﻌﺎ ِ ُﻞ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ذ َﻫ َﺐ ا ْ ُﻷ ْﺳ َﺘﺎ ُذ‬ ‫‪.١‬‬

‫َرأَﻳْ ُﺖ ا ْ ُﻷ ْﺳﺘَﺎ َذ‬

‫َ َﺮ ْر ُت ﺑِﺎ ْ ُﻷ ْﺳﺘَﺎ ِذ‬

‫‪- ٣٠ -‬‬

‫ِ َﻤ ِﺔ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫آ ِﺧ ِﺮ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫َ ْ ُ َﻇﺎ ِﻫ ٍﺮ‬ ‫اَ ْ ِﻹ ْﻋ َﺮا ُب ا ْﻘ ِﺪﻳْ ِﺮي‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ أَﺛَ ٌﺮ‬ ‫‪.٢‬‬
‫اﻟ‬

‫َﻠْ ُﺤ ْﻮ َﻇ ٍﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫َ ُْ‬ ‫َﻬﺎ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ ُﺔ ُﻣ َﻘﺪ َر ًة‬ ‫ْ َ َﺮ‬ ‫َﺘَ ُﻜ ْﻮ ُن ا‬ ‫َ ْ ِﻠ ُﺒ ُﻪ اﻟْ َﻌﺎ ِ ُﻞ‬
‫ِﻷ‬

‫ا ْ ُﻤ َﻀﺎ ِف ِإ َ‬ ‫َو ِ‬ ‫َوا ْ َﻤﻨْ ُﻘ ْﻮ ِص‬ ‫ُ ْﻮ ُن ِ ا ْ َﻤ ْﻘ ُﺼ ْﻮ ِر‬ ‫َو ُﻫ َﻮ ﻳَ‬
‫َ ِﻢ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ :‬ﻗَ َﺮأَ ُ ْﻮ َ‬ ‫ﻳَﺎ ِء ا ْ ُﻤﺘَ‬

‫َرأَﻳْ ُﺖ ُ ْﻮ َ‬

‫َوا ْ ِﻹ ْﻋ َﺮا ُب ا ْﻘ ِﺪﻳْ ِﺮ َ َيﺮ ْﺛرَ َ ُﻼتﺛَﺑِ ُﺔ ُﻤأَْﻮﻧْ ََﻮا ٍع‪َ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ؛‬
‫َ ْﺴ َﺘ ِﻄﻴْ ُﻊ أَﺑَ ًﺪا إِ ْﻇ َﻬﺎ ُر‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َﻧ ُﻪ‬
‫ﻻ‬ ‫َﻌﺬ ِر‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ِإﻣﺎ ِﻠﺘ َﻌﺬ ِر؛ َو َﻣ ْﻌ َ‬ ‫أ‪.‬‬

‫َﻋ َﻼ َﻣ ِﺔ ا ْ ِﻹ ْﻋ َﺮا ِب‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ْ َ :‬ﻬ َﻮى اﻟْ َﻔ َ ا ْ ُﻬ َﺪى ِﻠْ ُﻌ َ ‪.‬‬
‫َواﻟْ َﻜ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ب‪ .‬أَ ْو ِﻠﺜ َﻘ ِﻞ؛ َو َﻣ ْﻌ َ‬
‫َ ِة‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﻀﻤ ِﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ُﻇ ُﻬ ْﻮ َر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫َﻘ ِﻞ‬ ‫ا‬

‫ُ ْﻤ ِ ٌﻦ ﻟَ ِ ْﻦ َذ ِ َﻚ ﺛَ ِﻘﻴْ ٌﻞ ُ ْﺴ َﺘ ْ ِﺸ ٌﻊ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬

‫َ ْﻘ ِ ُ اﻟْ َﻘﺎ ِ ُ َ َ ا ْ َﺎ ِ ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ِﻠ َﻬ َﺬا ُ ْ َﺬﻓَﺎ ِن َو ُ َﻘﺪ َرا ِن‪.‬‬
‫ْ َ َﺮ‬ ‫أَ ْو ِﻠْ ُﻤ َﻨﺎ َﺳﺒَ ِﺔ؛ َو َﻣ ْﻌ‬
‫َ ُﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫َأَ ْﻢ ُﻋ َ ْﻮ ُْذﻈ َﻬَر ِﺮ‬ ‫َﻣﺎ‬ ‫َ ا ْ ُﻤ َﻨﺎ َﺳﺒَ ِﺔ ُﻫ َﻮ‬ ‫ِ ُﻤﻨَﺎ َﺳﺒَ ِﺔ ﻳَﺎ ِء ا ْ ُﻤﺘَ َ‬ ‫ج‪.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ِﻢ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ :‬ﻗَﺎ َل َر‬

‫‪- ٣١ -‬‬

‫َﻓ َ ِ َﻤ ُﺔ َر َ ْﺮ ُﻓ ْﻮ ٌع ) ِ َﻷﻧ ُﻪ ﻓَﺎ ِﻋ ٌﻞ( ﺑِ َﻀﻤ ٍﺔ ُﻣ َﻘﺪ َر ٍة َ َ‬
‫ا ْ َﺎ ِء َﻣﻨَ َﻊ ِﻣ ْﻦ ُﻇ ُﻬ ْﻮ ِر َﻫﺎ ِا ْﺷ ِﺘ َﻐﺎ ِل ا ْ َﻤ َﺤﻞ ِ َ َﺮ َ ِﺔ ا ْ ُﻤﻨَﺎ َﺳ َﺒ ِﺔ‬

‫ِ َﺎ ِء ا ْ ُﻤ َﺘ َ ِﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٣‬اَ ْ ِﻹ ْﻋ َﺮا ُب ا ْ َﻤ َﺤ ‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ َ َﻐ ٌ ِا ْﻋ ِﺘﺒَﺎ ِري ِ َﺴ َﺒ ِﺐ اﻟْ َﻌﺎ ِ ِﻞ َﻓ َﻼ‬
‫َ ِ َﻤﺎ ِت‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ُ ْﻮ ُن َﻇﺎ ِﻫ ًﺮا َو َﻻ ُﻣ َﻘﺪ ًرا َو ُﻫ َﻮ ﻳَ‬
‫اﻟ‬ ‫ُ ْﻮ ُن ِ‬ ‫ﻳَ‬

‫ا ْ َﻤﺒْ ِﻴ ِﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ َ َ :‬ﺢ َﻫ ُﺆ َﻻ ِء ا َﻼ ِﻣﻴْ ُﺬ‪.‬‬

‫َﻓ َ ِ َﻤ ُﺔ " َﻫ ُﺆ َﻻ ِء" َﻣﺒْ ِ َ َ اﻟْ َﻜ ْ ِ ِ َ َﻞ َرﻓْ ٍﻊ َﻓﺎ ِﻋ ٌﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬اَ ْ ِﻹ ْﻋ َﺮا ُب ا ْ َﻤ ْﺤ ِ ‪ُ :‬ﻫ َﻮ إِﻳْ َﺮا ُد ا ﻠ ْﻔ ِﻆ َ َ َﻣﺎ َ ْﺴ َﻤ ُﻌ ُﻪ‪.‬‬
‫َو ِ َ ِإﻣﺎ ِﺣ َ ﻳَ ُﺔ َ ِ َﻤ ٍﺔ أَ ْو ِﺣ َ ﻳَ ُﺔ ُ ْﻠَ ٍﺔ َو ِ َ ُﻫ َﻤﺎ ُ ْ َ َ َ‬
‫ﻟَ ْﻔ ِﻈ ِﻪ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﻛ َﺘﺒْ ُﺖ َ ْﻌ ُﺒ ُﺪ أَ ْي َﻛﺘَﺒْ ُﺖ َﻫ ِﺬ ِه اﻟْ َ ِ َﻤ َﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ا ْ َﻷ ْﺻ ِﻞ ﻓِ ْﻌ ٌﻞ‬
‫‪،‬‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫ُ َﻀﺎ ِر ٌع َو ُﻫ َﻮ ُﻫﻨَﺎ‬ ‫ﻓَ َ ِ َﻤ ُﺔ " َ ْﻌﺒُ ُﺪ" ِ‬
‫ِ‬
‫َ َﻴ ُﻜ ْﻮ ُن َﻣ ْﻔ ُﻌ ْﻮ ًﻻ ﺑِ ِﻪ ِﻟـ " َﻛ َﺘﺒْ ُﺖ" َو َ ُ ْﻮ ُن ا ْ ِﻹ ْﻋ َﺮا ُب َ ْﻘ ِﺪﻳْ ِﺮ ﺎ‬
‫َ ﻳَ ِﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َﻣﻨَ َﻊ ِﻣ ْﻦ ُﻇ ُﻬ ْﻮ ِرهِ َﺣ َﺮ َ ِﺔ ا‬
‫ِ‬

‫‪- ٣٢ -‬‬

‫ا ُﷲ‬ ‫إِﻻ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِإ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻗُﻠْ ُﺖ‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ﺮ ِﺣﻴْ ِﻢ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫َ ِﻦ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا ِﷲ‬ ‫َﻗ َﺮأْﻧَﺎ‬
‫ﻻ‬

‫َ َﻬ ِﺬ ِه ا ْ ُ َﻤ ُﻞ َ ْ ِﻜﻴ ٌﺔ َو َ َﻠ َﻬﺎ ا ْﺼ ُﺐ ﺑِﺎﻟْ ِﻔ ْﻌ ِﻞ َﺒْﻠَ َﻬﺎ‬

‫َﻓ ِﺈ ْﻋ َﺮاﺑُ ُﻪ َ َ ‪.‬‬

‫‪- ٣٣ -‬‬

‫و‪‬ت إ‪‬ا‪‬‬

‫اَ ْ ِﻤﺜَﺎ ُل ‪‬وراَﻟْ َﻌ َﻼ َﻣ ُﺔ‬ ‫اَ ْ ِﻤﺜَﺎ ُل‪ ‬ابَﻟْ َﻌ َﻼ َﻣ ُﺔ‬
‫َﺘْ َﺤ ٌﺔ‬
‫َﻛ ْ َ ٌة‬ ‫اَ ْ َﺎ ُء‬
‫اَ ْ َﺎ ُء‬ ‫اَ ْ َﺎ ُء‬
‫اَ ْ َﺎ ُء‬
‫َﻛ ْ َ ٌة‬ ‫َﻛ ْ َةٌ‬
‫َﻛ ْ َةٌ‬
‫اَ ْ َﺎ ُء‬ ‫َﺘْ َﺤ ٌﺔ‬
‫َﻛ ْ َ ٌة ُﻣ َﻘﺪ َر ٌة‬ ‫اَ ْ َﻷ ِﻟ ُﻒ‬
‫َﻛ ْ َ ٌة ُﻣ َﻘﺪ َر ٌة‬
‫َﺘْ َﺤ ٌﺔ ُﻣ َﻘﺪ َر ٌة‬
‫َﺘْ َﺤ ٌﺔ‬
‫َو َ ِي َﻛ ْ َ ٌة ُﻣ َﻘﺪ َر ٌة‬ ‫َﺘْ َﺤ ٌﺔ‬

‫َﺘْ َﺤ ٌﺔ‬ ‫َو َ ِي‬

‫َﺘْ َﺤ ٌﺔ ُﻣ َﻘﺪ َر ٌة‬

‫‪- ٣٤‬‬

‫ا‪‬ء ا‪‬ت و‬

‫اَ ْ ِﻤﺜَﺎ ُل ‪‬عاَﻟْ َﻌ َﻼ َﻣ ُﺔ‬ ‫ا‪‬ء‬

‫َﺿﻤ ٌﺔ‬ ‫ُ ْﺴ ِﻠ ٌﻢ‬ ‫‪ .١‬اَ ْ ِﻹ ْﺳ ُﻢ ا ْ ُﻤ ْﻔ َﺮ ُد‬
‫اَ ْ َﻷ ِﻟ ُﻒ‬ ‫ُ ْﺴ ِﻠ َﻤﺎ ِن‬ ‫‪ .٢‬اَ ْ ُﻤﺜَ‬
‫ُ ْﺴ ِﻠ ُﻤ ْﻮ َن اَ ْ َﻮا ُو‬ ‫ْْ ُُﻤﻤ َﺆَﺬﻧﻛ ِ ِﺮﺚ‬
‫ُ ْﺴ ِﻠ َﻤﺎ ٌت َﺿﻤ ٌﺔ‬ ‫ِ ُﻢ‬ ‫ﺴﺎ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ْ ُﻊ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪.٣‬‬
‫ِ ُﻢ‬ ‫ﺴﺎ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ْ ُﻊ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪.٤‬‬

‫ُر ُﺳ ٌﻞ َﺿﻤ ٌﺔ‬ ‫اَ َْ َْﻷ ُْﻊﺳ اَﻤﺎ ُء ْاﻜ ِْﺴَ ْْﻤ ِ َﺴ ُﺔ‬ ‫‪.٥‬‬
‫أَﺑُ ْﻮ َك اَ ْ َﻮا ُو‬ ‫‪.٦‬‬
‫‪ .٧‬اَ ْ َﻤ ْﻘ ُﺼ ْﻮ ُر‬
‫َﺿﻤ ٌﺔ ُﻣ َﻘﺪ َر ٌة‬ ‫ُ ْﻮ َ‬
‫اَ ْ َﻬﺎ ِدي‬ ‫‪ .٨‬اَ ْ َﻤﻨْ ُﻘ ْﻮ ُص‬
‫َﺿﻤ ٌﺔ ُﻣ َﻘﺪ َر ٌة‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ااََ ْْ ُِﻤﻹ ْﺳَﻀُﻢﺎاُ ِف إِىَ‬
‫َﺿﻤ ٌﺔ‬ ‫َ ُﺪ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫َْ ُﻤِﺘَ ُ َف ِﻢ‬ ‫َﻨْ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫‪.٩‬‬
‫‪.١٠‬‬
‫َو َ ِي َﺿﻤ ٌﺔ ُﻣ ُﻘﺪ َر ٌة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﻳَﺎ ِء‬

‫‪٤-‬‬

‫اَ ْﻤ ِﺮ ْ ُﻦ‪:‬اُ ْذ ُﻛ ِﺮا ْ َﻤ ْﺮ ُﻓ ْﻮ َع َوا ْ َﻤﻨْ ُﺼ ْﻮ َب َوا ْ َﻤ ْﺠ ُﺮ ْو َر َو َﻋ َﻼ َﻣ َﺔ ُ ِﻣﻨْ َﻬﺎ !‬
‫َو َﻗﺎﻟَ ِﺖ ا َﺼﺎ َرى ‪ -‬إِن ُﻫ َﺪى ا ِﷲ ‪ -‬ﻳَﺎ ﺑَ ِ ِإ ْ َا ِﻴْ َﻞ ‪ -‬اَ ِﻴ ْﻮ َن‬
‫ِﻠﻄﺎﺋِ ِﻔ ْ َ ‪َ َ َ -‬ﻋ ِﻘﺒَﻴْ ِﻪ ‪ِ -‬إ ْ َﻤﺎﻧَ ُ ْﻢ ‪َ -‬و ْﺟ َﻬ َﻚ ‪ -‬إِن ا ﺼ َﻔﺎ‬
‫ُْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺑِﺎﻷ‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ِ َﺎ ِر ِﺟ ْ َ ‪ -‬آﺑَﺎ ُء ُﻫ ْﻢ ‪ -‬ﺑِﺎ ْ ُﻬ َﺪى ‪ -‬إِن ﺑَ ْ ِ‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ْ َﻮا ٌت‬ ‫أ‬

‫ْ َﻴﺎ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ْ ُ ُﺮ َﻣﺎ ُت ‪ِ -‬‬ ‫‪َ -‬وا ْ َﻷﻗْ َﺮ ِ ْ َ ‪ِ -‬ﻠْ َﻮا ِ َ ﻳْ ِﻦ ‪َ -‬وا‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َﻗﺎ َل‬
‫أ‬

‫اَ ْ َﻷ ْﺳ َﻤﺎ ُء ا ْ َﻤﺒْ ِﻴﺎ ُت‬
‫اَ ْ َﻷ ْﺳ َﻤﺎ ُء ا ْ َﻤﺒْ ِﻴ ُﺔ َ َ ﻧَ ْﻮ َ ْ ِ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﻧَ ْﻮ ٌع ﻳُ َﻼ ِز ُم ا ْ ِ َﻨﺎ َء‪.‬‬

‫‪ .٢‬ﻧَ ْﻮ ٌع ﻳُ ْ َ ِ َ ْﻌ ِﺾ ا ْ َﻷ ْﺣ َﻮا ِل‪.‬‬

‫اَ ْ ُﻤ َﻼ ِز ُم ِﻠْ ِﺒﻨَﺎ ِء ِﻣ َﻦ ا ْ َﻷ ْﺳ َﻤﺎ ِء‬
‫َوا ْ ُﻤ َﻼ ِز ُم ِﻠْ ِﺒﻨَﺎ ِء ُﻫ َﻮ؛‬
‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ :‬أَﻧَﺎ ‪ -‬أَﻧْ َﺖ ‪ُ -‬ﻫ َﻮ‬ ‫‪ .١‬اَ ﻀ َﻤﺎﺋِ ُﺮ‪،‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬أَ ْﺳ َﻤﺎ ُء ا ْ ِﻹ َﺷﺎ َر ِة‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﻫ َﺬا ‪َ -‬ﻫ ِﺬ ِه ‪َ -‬ﻫ ُﺆ َﻻ ِء‬

‫‪- ٣٥ -‬‬

‫‪ .٣‬اَ ْ َﻷ ْﺳ َﻤﺎ ُء ا ْ َﻤ ْﻮ ُﺻ ْﻮﻟَ ُﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ :‬اَ ِى ‪ -‬اَﻟ ِ ‪ -‬اَ ِ ْ َﻦ‬‫َ‬
‫ْ َﻦ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫‪ .٤‬أَ ْﺳ َﻤﺎ ُء ا ْ ِط‪،‬‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫َﻣﺎ‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫َﻣ ْﻦ‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬

‫‪ .٥‬أَ ْﺳ َﻤﺎ ُء ا ْ ِﻻ ْﺳ ِﺘ ْﻔ َﻬﺎ ِم‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﻣﺎ ‪َ -‬ﻣ ْﻦ ‪َ -‬ﻣ َ‬
‫‪ .٦‬أَ ْﺳ َﻤﺎ ُء اﻟْ ِﻜ َﻨﺎﻳَ ِﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﻛ َﺬا ‪َ -‬ﻛﻴْ َﺖ ‪َ -‬ذﻳْ َﺖ‬
‫ُ‬ ‫َْ‬ ‫أَ ْﺳ َﻤﺎ ُء‬
‫أف‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫َﺻ ْﻪ‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫َﻫﻴْ َﻬﺎ َت‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ْ َﻌﺎ ِل‪،‬‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫‪.٧‬‬

‫‪ .٨‬أَ ْﺳ َﻤﺎ ُء ا ْ َﻷ ْﺻ َﻮا ِت‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﻫ َﻼ ‪َ -‬ﻛ ْﺢ ‪ -‬ﻧَ ْﺦ‬

‫‪ْ َ .٩‬ﻌ ُﺾ اﻟﻈ ُﺮ ْو ِف‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﺣﻴْ ُﺚ ‪َ -‬ﻂ ‪ِ -‬ﻋ َﻮ ٌض‬

‫َ ْﻌ ِﺾ ا ْ َﻷ ْﺣ َﻮا ِل‬ ‫َﻣﺎ َﻻ ﻳُ َﻼ ِز ُم ا ْ ِﻨَﺎ َء ِﻣ َﻦ ا ْ َﻷ ْﺳ َﻤﺎ ِء‬ ‫ِﻣ َﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻈ ُﺮ ْو ِف َﻣﺎ َﻻ ﻳُ َﻼ ِز ُم ا ْ ِ َﻨﺎ َء َ ُﻬ َﻮ ﻳُ ْ َ ِ‬
‫َو ُﻋ ِﺮ َب ِ َ ْﻌ ٍﺾ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﺒْ َﻞ‪ْ َ -‬ﻌ َﺪ‪ُ -‬د ْو َن‪-‬أَو َل‪-‬اَ ِْ َﻬﺎ ُت ا ﺴﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ا َْﻋ َﻷِﻦْ اُﺮ ْ ِﻹِﻣ َْﺿﻦﺎ ََﻓﺒِْﺔ ُﻳُﻞ‬
‫َ ا ﻀﻢ‪،‬‬ ‫َْ َ‬ ‫َ َﻤﺎ ﻗُ ِﻄ َﻊ‬
‫َ ْﻌ ُﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫َو ِﻣ ْﻦ‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ِ ِ :‬‬

‫َو َﻣﺎ أُ ِﺿﻴْ َﻒ ِﻣﻨْ َﻬﺎ ﻟَ ْﻔ ًﻈﺎ أَ ْﻋ ِﺮ ْب‪،‬‬

‫‪- ٣٦ -‬‬

‫َﻋ ِﻦ ا ْ ِﻹ َﺿﺎﻓَ ِﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ِ :‬ﺟﺌْ ُﺖ َﺒْﻠَ َﻚ ‪َ -‬ﺟﻠَ ْﺴ ُﺖ أَ َﻣﺎ َ َﻚ‪.‬‬
‫َو ُﻠْ َﺤ ُﻖ ﺑِ َﻬ ِﺬ ِه اﻟﻈ ُﺮ ْو ُف " َﺣ ْﺴ ُﺐ"‬
‫َ ْﻄ ِﻌ ِﻪ‬ ‫ِﻋﻨْ َﺪ‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﻫ َﺬا َﺣ ْﺴ ُﺐ أَ ْي‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫َ ﻳَ‬ ‫ِ ﺑِ َﻤ ْﻌ‬ ‫َﺣ ْﺴ‬ ‫َو ُﻠْ َﺤ ُﻖ ﺑِ َﻬﺎ أَﻳْ ًﻀﺎ "‬
‫ْ ِﻔﻴْ ِ‬ ‫ِْ‪،‬‬ ‫َ ْﻌ َﺪ ا‬ ‫ْ ُ"‬
‫َ‬ ‫َﻫ َﺬا‬ ‫َ َﻌﻠْ ُﺖ‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻻ‬

‫َ ْ ُ‪.‬‬

‫اَ ﻀ َﻤﺎﺋِ ُﺮ َوأَﻧْ َﻮا ُﻋ ُﻪ‬
‫َ‬ ‫َ‬
‫اﻟْ َﻐﺎﺋِ ِﺐ‪،‬‬ ‫أ ِو‬ ‫ْ ُﻤ َﺨﺎ َﻃ ِﺐ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أ ِو‬ ‫ِﻢ‬ ‫َ ﺑِ ِﻪ َﻋ ِﻦ ا ْ ُﻤ َﺘ َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ ُ ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ ﻳُ‬ ‫اَ ﻀ ِﻤ‬
‫ُﻫ َﻮ‪َ .‬و َ ﺎ ِء ِﻣ ْﻦ‬ ‫أَﻧَﺎ ‪ -‬أَﻧْ َﺖ‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬
‫َﻛ َﺘﺒْ ُﺖ ‪َ -‬ﻛ َﺘﺒْ َﺖ ‪َ -‬ﻛﺘَﺒْ ِﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫َو ُﻫ َﻮ َ َ أَﻧْ َﻮا ٍع؛ ُﻣﻨْ َﻔ ِﺼ ٍﻞ َو ُﻣﺘ ِﺼ ٍﻞ َو َﺎ ِر ٍز َو ُ ْﺴ َ ِ ٍ‪َ ،‬و ُ َﻬﺎ‬
‫َﻣﺒْ ِﻴ ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬وﻗَ ْﺪ َ َﻘﺪ َم َ ْﻔ ِﺼﻴْﻠُ َﻬﺎ‪.‬‬

‫أَ ْﺳ َﻤﺎ ُء ا ْ ِﻹ َﺷﺎ َر ِة‬
‫ِإ ْﺳ ُﻢ ا ْ ِﻹ َﺷﺎ َر ِة ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ ﻳَ ُﺪل َ َ ُﻣ َﻌ ٍ ﺑِ َﻮا ِﺳ َﻄ ِﺔ إِ َﺷﺎ َر ٍة َﺣ ِﺴﻴ ٍﺔ‬

‫ﺑِﺎ ْ َ ِﺪ َو َ ْ ِﻮ َﻫﺎ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﻫ َﺬا ‪َ -‬ﻫ ِﺬ ِه ‪َ -‬ذ ِ َﻚ ‪ -‬ﺗِﻠْ َﻚ‪.‬‬

‫‪- ٣٧ -‬‬

‫َﻫ ُﺆ َﻻ ِء ‪ِ ‬ﻠْ ُﻤ َﺬﻛ ِﺮ‬ ‫َوأَ ْﺳ َﻤﺎ ُء ا ْ ِﻹ َﺷﺎ َر ِة ِ َ ؛‬
‫َﻫ ُﺆ َﻻ ِء ‪ِ ‬ﻠْ ُﻤ َﺆﻧ ِﺚ‬
‫أُ ْو َ ِ َﻚ ‪ِ ‬ﻠْ ُﻤ َﺬﻛ ِﺮ‬ ‫َﻫ َﺬا ِن‪َ /‬ﻫ َﺬﻳْ ِﻦ‬ ‫َﻫ َﺬا‬
‫أُ ْو َ ِ َﻚ ‪ِ ‬ﻠْ ُﻤ َﺆﻧ ِﺚ‬ ‫َﻫﺎﺗَﺎ ِن‪َ /‬ﻫﺎ َ ْ ِ‬
‫َذاﻧِ َﻚ‪َ /‬ذﻳْ ِﻨ َﻚ‬ ‫َﻫ ِﺬهِ‬
‫َذ ِ َﻚ‬
‫ﺗَﺎﻧِ َﻚ‪/‬ﺗَ ْ ِﻨ َﻚ‬ ‫ﺗِﻠْ َﻚ‬

‫َ َﺮاﺗِ ُﺐ ا ْ ُﻤ َﺸﺎ ِر إِ َ ْ ِﻪ‬
‫ِﻠْ ُﻤ َﺸﺎ ِر ِإ َ ْ ِﻪ ﺛَ َﻼ ُث َ َﺮا ِﺗ َﺐ؛‬
‫‪ِ .١‬ﻠْ َﻘ ِﺮ ْ ِﺐ‪َ :‬ذا‪َ /‬ﻫ َﺬا ‪ِ -‬ذهِ ‪ -‬ﺗِ ِﻪ ‪َ - ِ -‬ﻫ ِﺬهِ ‪ُ -‬ﻫﻨَﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ِ .٢‬ﻠْ ُﻤ َﺘ َﻮﺳ ِﻂ‪َ :‬ذا َك ‪ِ -‬ﻴْ َﻚ ‪ُ -‬ﻫ َﻨﺎ َك‪.‬‬

‫‪ِ .٣‬ﻠْ َﺒ ِﻌﻴْ ِﺪ‪َ :‬ذ ِ َﻚ ‪ -‬ﺗِﻠْ َﻚ ‪ُ -‬ﻫ َﻨﺎ ِ َﻚ‪.‬‬

‫ا ْ ِﻹ َﺷﺎ َر ِة‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺗَ ْ ِﺒﻴْ ٌﻪ ‪:‬‬
‫أو ِل‬
‫َ ُﺘ َﻘﺎ ُل؛‬ ‫إِ ْﺳ ِﻢ‬ ‫ْ ِﺒﻴْ ِﻪ ِ‬ ‫َﻛ ِﺜ ْ ًا َﻣﺎ ﺗَ ْﺪ ُﺧ ُﻞ " َﻫﺎ" اَ‬

‫َﻫ َﺬا ‪َ -‬ﻫ ِﺬ ِه ‪َ -‬ﻫﺎﺗَﺎ ِن‪.‬‬

‫‪- ٣٨ -‬‬

‫اَ ْ َﻷ ْﺳ َﻤﺎ ُء ا ْ َﻤ ْﻮ ُﺻ ْﻮﻟَ ُﺔ‬

‫اَ ْ ِﻹ ْﺳ ُﻢ ا ْ َﻤ ْﻮ ُﺻ ْﻮ ُل ُﻫ َﻮ َﻣﺎ ﻳَ ُﺪل َ َ ُﻣ َﻌ ٍ ﺑِ َﻮا ِﺳ َﻄ ِﺔ ُ ْﻠَ ٍﺔ ﺗُ ْﺬ َﻛ ُﺮ‬
‫َ ْﻌ َﺪ ُه َو ُ َﺴ َﻫ ِﺬ ِه ا ْ ُ ْﻤﻠَ ُﺔ ِﺻﻠ َﺔ ا ْ َﻤ ْﻮ ُﺻ ْﻮ ِل‪.‬‬

‫َوا ْ َﻷ ْﺳ َﻤﺎ ُء ا ْ َﻤ ْﻮ ُﺻ ْﻮﻟَ ُﺔ ِﻗ ْﺴ َﻤﺎ ِن؛ َﺧﺎﺻ ٌﺔ َو ُ ْﺸ َ َ َ ٌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اَ ْ َﻤ ْﻮ ُﺻ ْﻮ ُل ا ْ َﺎ ُص‪:‬‬

‫‪ِ ‬ﻠْ ُﻤ َﺬﻛ ِﺮ‬ ‫اَ ِى اَ َا ِن‪/‬اَ َﻳْ ِﻦ اَ ِ ْ َﻦ‬
‫اَﻟ ِ اَ ﻠ َﺘﺎ ِن‪/‬اَ ﻠﺘَ ْ ِ اَ ﻼ ِ ‪/‬اَ ﻠ َﻮا ِ ‪ِ ‬ﻠْ ُﻤ َﺆﻧ ِﺚ‬
‫اَ ْ َﻷ ْﻣ ِﺜﻠَ ُﺔ‪َ :‬ﺧ ِ َ ا ِى َ َﻔ َﺮ َﺧ ِ َ ِت اﻟ ِ َ َﻔ َﺮ ْت‬

‫َﺧ ِ َ ا َا ِن َ َﻔ َﺮا َﺧ ِ َ ِت ا ﻠﺘَﺎ ِن َ َﻔ َﺮﺗَﺎ‬

‫َﺧ ِ َ ا ِ ْ َﻦ َ َﻔ ُﺮ ْوا َﺧ ِ َ ِت ا ﻼ ِ َ َﻔ ْﺮ َن‬
‫اَ ْ َﻤ ْﻮ ُﺻ ْﻮ ُل ا ْ ُﻤ ْﺸ َ َ َ ُﺔ‪:‬‬

‫اَ ْ َﻷ ْﺳ َﻤﺎ ُء ا ْ َﻤ ْﻮ ُﺻ ْﻮﻟَ ُﺔ ا ْ ُﻤ ْﺸ َ َ َ ُﺔ ِ َ اﻟ ِ ﺗَ ُ ْﻮ ُن ﺑِﻠَ ْﻔ ٍﻆ َوا ِﺣ ٍﺪ‬
‫ِﻠْ َﺠ ِﻤﻴْ ِﻊ‪َ ،‬ﻓ ُ ْﺸ َ َ ُك ِﻴْ َﻬﺎ ا ْ ُﻤ ْﻔ َﺮ ُد َوا ْ ُﻤ َﺜ َوا ْ َ ْﻤ ُﻊ َوا ْ ُﻤ َﺬﻛ ُﺮ‬
‫َ‬
‫ُذ ْو‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫أي‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫َذا‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫َﻣﺎ‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫َﻣ ْﻦ‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َوا ْ ُﻤ َﺆﻧ ُﺚ‪َ ،‬و‬

‫‪- ٣٩ -‬‬

‫َ َ َﺢ َﻣ ْﻦ ِا ْﺟ َﺘ َﻬ َﺪ ْت‬ ‫اَ ْ َﻷ ْﻣ ِﺜﻠَ ُﺔ‪َ َ َ :‬ﺢ َﻣ ْﻦ ِا ْﺟ َﺘ َﻬ َﺪ‬

‫َ َ َﺢ َﻣ ْﻦ ِا ْﺟ َﺘ َﻬ َﺪﺗَﺎ‬ ‫َ َ َﺢ َﻣ ْﻦ ِا ْﺟﺘَ َﻬ َﺪا‬

‫َ َ َﺢ َﻣ ْﻦ ِا ْﺟ َﺘ َﻬ ْﺪ َن‬ ‫َ َ َﺢ َﻣ ْﻦ ِا ْﺟ َﺘ َﻬ ُﺪ ْوا‬
‫ْ ِط‬ ‫أَ ْﺳ َﻤﺎ ُء ا‬

‫أَ ْﺳ َﻤﺎ ُء ا ْ ِط ِ َ ؛‬

‫‪ِ :‬إ ْﺳ ٌﻢ ُﻣﺒْ َﻬ ٌﻢ ِﻟ َﻐ ْ ِ اﻟْ َﻌﺎﻗِ ِﻞ‪،‬‬ ‫‪َ .١‬ﻣﺎ‬
‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬و َﻣﺎ َ ْﻔ َﻌﻠُ ْﻮا ِﻣ ْﻦ َﺧ ْ ٍ َ ْﻌﻠَ ْﻤ ُﻪ ا ُﷲ‬ ‫‪َ .٢‬ﻣ ْﻦ‬

‫‪ :‬إِ ْﺳ ٌﻢ ُﻣﺒْ َﻬ ٌﻢ ِﻠْ َﻌﺎ ِﻗ ِﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﻦ َ ْﻌ َﻤ ْﻞ ُﺳ ْﻮ ًءا ُ ْ َﺰ ﺑِ ِﻪ‬
‫ِإ ْﺳ ٌﻢ ُﻣﺒْ َﻬ ٌﻢ ِﻟ َﻐ ْ ِ اﻟْ َﻌﺎﻗِ ِﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ْ َ :‬ﻬ َﻤﺎ ُﺒْ ِﻄ ْﻦ ُ ْﻈ ِﻬ ْﺮ ُه‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫َ ْﻬ َﻤﺎ‬ ‫‪.٣‬‬

‫ا ْ َﻷﻳﺎ ُم‬

‫‪َ .٤‬ﻣ َ ‪ :‬إِ ْﺳ ُﻢ َز َﻣﺎ ٍن ﺗَ ْﻀ َﻤ ُﻦ َﻣ ْﻌ َ ا ْ ِط‪،‬‬
‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﻣ َ ﺗَ ْﺬ َﻫ ْﺐ أَ ْذ َﻫ ْﺐ‬

‫‪َ .٥‬ﻳﺎ َن ‪ :‬إِ ْﺳ ُﻢ َز َﻣﺎ ٍن ﺗَ ْﻀ َﻤ ُﻦ َﻣ ْﻌ َ ا ْ ِط‪،‬‬

‫‪- ٤٠ -‬‬

‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َن ﻧُ ْﺆ ِﻣﻨْ َﻚ ﺗَﺄْ َﻣ ْﻦ َ ْ ُﻧَﺎ‬ ‫َ‬
‫أ‬
‫ْ ِط‪،‬‬ ‫‪ :‬إِ ْﺳ ُﻢ َﻣ َ ٍن ﺗَ ْﻀ َﻤ ُﻦ َﻣ ْﻌ َ ا‬ ‫ْ َﻦ‬ ‫‪.٦‬‬

‫أَﻧْ ِﺰ ْل‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ َﻦ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ِل‬ ‫أ‬

‫‪ :‬إِ ْﺳ ُﻢ َﻣ َ ٍن ﺗَ ْﻀ َﻤ ُﻦ َﻣ ْﻌ َ ا ْ ِط‪،‬‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪.٧‬‬

‫َﻣ َﻌ َﻚ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺗَ ْﺬ َﻫ ْﺐ ﻳَ ْﺬ َﻫ ْﺐ‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬‬
‫ِ‬
‫‪َ .٨‬ﺣﻴْﺜُ َﻤﺎ ‪ِ :‬إ ْﺳ ُﻢ َﻣ َ ٍن ﺗَ ْﻀ َﻤ ُﻦ َﻣ ْﻌ َ ا ْ ِط‪،‬‬

‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﺣﻴْﺜُ َﻤﺎ َ ْ ُ َﻻ ﺗُ ْ َﺮ َﻣﺎ‬

‫‪َ .٩‬ﻛﻴْ َﻔ َﻤﺎ ‪ِ :‬إ ْﺳ ٌﻢ ُﻣﺒْ َﻬ ٌﻢ ﺗَ ْﻀ َﻤ ُﻦ َﻣ ْﻌ َ ا ْ ِط‪،‬‬

‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﻛﻴْ َﻔ َﻤﺎ ُ َﻌﺎ ِ ْﻞ َﺻ ِﺪ ْ َﻘ َﻚ ُ َﻌﺎ ِﻠْ َﻚ‬ ‫َ‬
‫‪ .١٠‬أي‬
‫‪ِ :‬إ ْﺳ ٌﻢ ُﻣﺒْ َﻬ ٌﻢ ﺗَ ْﻀ َﻤ ُﻦ َﻣ ْﻌ َ ا ْ ِط‪،‬‬
‫َ ْﻘ َﺮأْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫َ ْﺴﺘَ ِﻔ ْﺪ‬ ‫ِﻛ َﺘﺎ ٍب‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬

‫َوأَي ِﻣ ْﻦ َ ْ ِ أَ َد َوا ِت ا ْ ِط‪ُ ،‬ﻣ ْﻌ َﺮ َ ٌﺔ ﺑِﺎ ْ َ َﺮ َ ِت‬
‫ا َﻼﺛَ ِﺔ ِ ُﻤ َﻼ َز َﻣ ِﺘ َﻬﺎ ا ْ ِﻹ َﺿﺎﻓَ َﺔ ِإ َ ا ْ ُﻤ ْﻔ َﺮ ِد‪،‬‬
‫ُ ْ ِﺪ ْﻣ ُﻪ‬ ‫َ ْ ُﺪ ْم أُﻣﺘَ ُﻪ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬
‫ْ ِﺮ ٍئ‬ ‫ِا‬ ‫أي‬

‫‪- ٤١ -‬‬

‫ْ ُ ْﺴ َ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا ْ َﻷ ْﺳ َﻤﺎ ُء‬ ‫َﻓﻠَ ُﻪ‬ ‫ﺗَ ْﺪ ُﻋ ْﻮا‬ ‫َﻣﺎ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻳﺎ‬

‫ْ ُﺘ ْﺐ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﺘُ ْﺐ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ﺗَ‬ ‫ﻗَﻠَ ٍﻢ‬ ‫َ‬
‫أ‬ ‫ﺑِﺄي‬

‫أَ ْﺳ َﻤﺎ ُء ا ْ ِﻻ ْﺳ ِﺘ ْﻔ َﻬﺎ ِم‬

‫َ ْﻦ َﺷﻴْ ٍﺊ‪،‬‬ ‫ِإ ْﺳ ُﻢ ا ْ ِﻻ ْﺳ ِﺘ ْﻔ َﻬﺎ ِم ُﻫ َﻮ إِ ْﺳ ٌﻢ ُﻣﺒْ َﻬ ٌﻢ ُ ْﺴﺘَ ْﻔ َﻬ ُﻢ ﺑِ ِﻪ‬
‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﻦ َﺟﺎ َء ؟ َﻛﻴْ َﻒ أَﻧْ َﺖ ؟‬
‫َوأَ ْﺳ َﻤﺎ ُء ا ْ ِﻻ ْﺳ ِﺘ ْﻔ َﻬﺎ ِم ِ َ ؛‬
‫‪َ .١‬ﻣ ْﻦ‪َ /‬ﻣﺎ َذا ‪ْ ُ :‬ﺴ َﺘ ْﻔ َﻬ ُﻢ ﺑِ ِﻬ َﻤﺎ َﻋ ِﻦ ا ﺸ ْﺨ ِﺺ اﻟْ َﻌﺎ ِﻗ ِﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﻣ ْﻦ َذا ا ِى َ ْﺸ َﻔ ُﻊ ِﻋﻨْ َﺪ ُه إِﻻ ﺑِﺈِ ْذﻧِ ِﻪ‬
‫‪َ .٢‬ﻣﺎ‪َ /‬ﻣﺎ َذا ‪ْ ُ :‬ﺴ َﺘ ْﻔ َﻬ ُﻢ ﺑِ ِﻬ َﻤﺎ َ ْﻦ َ ْ ِ اﻟْ َﻌﺎ ِﻗ ِﻞ‪،‬‬
‫َﻠْ َﺖ ؟‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َﻣﺎ َذا‬
‫أ‬ ‫؟‬ ‫َﻫ َﺬا‬ ‫َﻣﺎ‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪،‬‬

‫‪َ :‬ﻇ ْﺮ ٌف ُ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﻔ َﻬ ُﻢ ﺑِ ِﻪ َﻋ ِﻦ ا ﺰ َﻣﺎ َ ْ ِ ا ْ َﻤﺎ ِ‬ ‫‪َ .٣‬ﻣ َ‬

‫َوا ْ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘَ ْﻘﺒَ ِﻞ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﻣ َ ِﺟﺌْ َﺖ ؟ َﻣ َ ﺗَ ْﺬ َﻫ ْﺐ ؟‬ ‫َ‬
‫َ ِن ا‬ ‫أَ َﻋ ُِﺧﻦ ْﻮا َ ْك َﻤ؟‬ ‫َﻇ ْﺮ ٌف ُ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﻔ َﻬ ُﻢ‬ ‫ْ َﻦ‬ ‫أ‬
‫ِﻴْ ِﻪ‬ ‫ِى َﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﺑِ ِﻪ‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪.٤‬‬
‫َﺘَ َﻌﻠ ْﻢ ؟‬ ‫ْ َﻦ‬
‫ْ َﻦ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺸﻴْ ُﺊ‪،‬‬ ‫ا‬
‫أ‬ ‫أ‬

‫‪- ٤٢ -‬‬

‫ﺑِ ِﻪ َﻋ ِﻦ‬ ‫ُ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﻔ َﻬ ُﻢ‬ ‫َوا ْ َﻮﻗْ ِﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫‪َ :‬ﻇ ْﺮ ٌف ﺑِ َﻤ ْﻌ َ‬ ‫‪َ .٥‬ﻳﺎ َن‬
‫ِ‬ ‫‪َ .٦‬ﻛﻴْ َﻒ‬
‫ا ﺰ َﻣﺎ ِن ا ْ ُﻤ ْﺴﺘَ ْﻘﺒَ ِﻞ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﻳﺎ َن ُ ِﺴﺎﻓِ ْﺮ ؟‬
‫ْﻦ َﺣﺎﻟَ ِﺔ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ا َﺣﺎﺸُﻴلْ أَِﺊ ِ‪،‬ﻴْ َﻚ‬ ‫؟ َﻛﻴْ َﻒ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫أَﺑِﻧْ ِﻪ َﺖ‬ ‫إِ ْﺳ ٌﻢ ُ ْﺴﺘَ ْﻔ َﻬ ُﻢ‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪.٧‬‬
‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﻛﻴْ َﻒ‬
‫؟‬ ‫‪ْ َ .٨‬ﻢ‬
‫َ‬
‫‪ :‬ﺑِ َﻤ ْﻌ َ َﻛﻴْ َﻒ‪،‬‬
‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ِ َ َ :‬ﻚ َﻫ َﺬا ؟‬ ‫‪ .٩‬أي‬

‫‪ْ ُ :‬ﻄﻠَ ُﺐ ﺑِ َﻬﺎ َ ْﻦ َﻋ َﺪ ٍد ﻳُ َﺮا ُد َ ْﻌ ِﻴ ْﻨُ ُﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ْ َ :‬ﻢ َﻋ َﺪ ُد اﻟﻄﻼ ِب ِ ﻓَ ْﺼ ِﻠ َﻚ ؟‬
‫‪ِ ُ :‬ﻣ ْﺜْﻄ ُﻠَﻞ‪ُ :‬ﺐأَﺑِ َﻬيﺎﻳَ َْﻮ ٍْﻌم ِﻴاَْ ْ ُﻵ اَن ؟ﺸﻴْ ِﺊ‪،‬‬

‫أَ ْﺳ َﻤﺎ ُءاﻟْ ِﻜ َﻨﺎﻳَ ِﺔ ِ َ أَﻟْ َﻔﺎ ٌأَظ ْﺳ ُﻣ َﻤﺒْﺎ َﻬ ُء َﻤا ٌﺔﻟْﻳُ ِﻜﻨَﺎْﻳَ َِﺔ ﺑِ َﻬﺎ َ ْﻦ ُﻣﺒْ َﻬ ٍﻢ ِﻣ ْﻦ َﻋ َﺪ ٍد‬
‫أَ ْو َﺣ ِﺪﻳْ ٍﺚ أَ ْو ِﻓ ْﻌ ٍﻞ‪َ ،‬و ِ َ ؛ َ ْﻢ‪َ -‬ﻛ َﺬا‪َ -‬ﻛ َ ْﻦ‪َ -‬ﻛﻴْ َﺖ‪َ -‬ذﻳْ َﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪َ .١‬ﻓـ " َ ْﻢ" َ َ َو ْﺟ َﻬ ْ ِ ؛‬

‫‪- ٤٣ -‬‬

‫ِا ْﺳ ِﺘ ْﻔ َﻬﺎ ِﻣﻴ ٌﺔ؛ َو ِ َ َﻣﺎ ﻳُ ْ َ ﺑِ َﻬﺎ َ ْﻦ َﻋ َﺪ ٍد ُﻣﺒْ َﻬ ٍﻢ ﻳُ َﺮا ُد‬

‫َ ْﻌ ِﻴ ْﻨُ ُﻪ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ْ َ :‬ﻢ ِﻛ َﺘﺎﺑًﺎ َ َﻚ ؟ َ ْﻢ ﻳَ ْﻮ ًﻣﺎ ﺗُ ِﻘﻴْ ُﻢ ُﻫ َﻨﺎ ؟‬
‫ْ ِﻛ َﺘَﺎ ٍﺑِب َﻬﺎ ِﻋﻨْ َﻋِﺪ ِﻦىاأَﻟْ َﻌْي َﺪ ِِﻋدﻨْا ِﻟْﺪ َﻜى ِﺜ ُْﻛ ِﺘُ ٌَﺐَ َﻛ ِﺜ ِ ْﺟ ََﻬ ٌةِﺔ‬
‫ﻳُ‬ ‫َﺧ َ ِ ٌﺔ؛ َو ِ َ َﻣﺎ‬
‫َ ْﻢ‬ ‫ا ْ َﻷ ْﺧﺒَﺎ ِر‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬

‫‪َ .٢‬ﻛ َﺬا ‪ :‬ﻳُ ْ َ ﺑِ َﻬﺎ َ ْﻦ َﻋ َﺪ ٍد ُﻣﺒْ َﻬ ٍﻢ‪،‬‬
‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ُ :‬ﻗﻠْ ُﺖ َﻛ َﺬا ‪َ َ -‬ﻌﻠْ ُﺖ َﻛ َﺬا‬
‫َواﻟْ َﻐﺎ ِﻟ ُﺐ ِﻴْ َﻬﺎأَ ْن ُ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﻌ َﻤ َﻞ ُﻣ َﻜﺮ َر ًةﺑِﺎﻟْ َﻌ ْﻄ ِﻒ‪،‬‬
‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ِ :‬ﻋﻨْ ِﺪى َﻛ َﺬا َو َ َﺬا ‪َ -‬رأَﻳْ ُﺖ َﻛ َﺬا َو َ َﺬا‬ ‫َﻛ َ‬

‫‪،‬‬ ‫ً‬ ‫َﻣ ْﻌ‬ ‫ِ ٍﺔ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َﺧ‬ ‫ْﻢ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪ِ :‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‬ ‫ْﻦ‬ ‫‪.٣‬‬
‫أَ ْﻫﻠَ ْﻜﻨَﺎ َﻫﺎ‬ ‫َ ٍﺔ‬ ‫ﻗَ ْﺮ‬ ‫ِﻣ ْﻦ‬ ‫ْﻦ‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫َو‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬

‫َو َ َ ْﻦ ِﻣ ْﻦ آﻳَ ٍﺔ ِ ا ﺴ َﻤ َﻮا ِت َوا ْ َﻷ ْر ِض‬

‫‪َ .٤‬ﻛﻴْ َﺖ ‪ :‬ﻳُ ْ َ ﺑِ َﻬﺎ َ ْﻦ ُ ْﻠَ ِﺔ اﻟْ َﻘ ْﻮ ِل‪،‬‬
‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ :‬ﻗُﻠْ ُﺖ َﻛﻴْ َﺖ َو َﻴْ َﺖ‬

‫‪- ٤٤ -‬‬

‫‪َ .٥‬ذﻳْ َﺖ ‪ :‬ﻳُ ْ َ ﺑِ َﻬﺎ َ ْﻦ ُ ْﻠَ ِﺔ اﻟْ ِﻔ ْﻌ ِﻞ‪،‬‬
‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ َ :‬ﻌﻠْ ُﺖ َذﻳْ َﺖ َو َذﻳْ َﺖ‬
‫َْ‬ ‫أَ ْﺳ َﻤﺎ ُء‬
‫َ َﻬﺎ‬ ‫ْ َﻌﺎ ِل‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ِإ ْﺳ ُﻢ اﻟْ ِﻔ ْﻌ ِﻞ ُﻫ َﻮ‬
‫َ ِ َﻤ ٌﺔ ﺗَ ُﺪل َ َ َﻣﺎ ﻳَ ُﺪل َﻋ َﻠﻴْ ِﻪ اﻟْ ِﻔ ْﻌ ُﻞ‬
‫َ َْ‬

‫ﺛَ َﻼﺛَ ِﺔ أَﻧْ َﻮا ٍع؛‬ ‫ََ‬ ‫َ ْﻘ َﺒ ُﻞ َﻋ َﻼ َﻣ َﺘ ُﻪ‪َ ،‬و ُﻫ َﻮ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ﻻ‬

‫‪ِ .١‬إ ْﺳ ِﻢ ﻓْ ِﻌ ٍﻞ َﻣﺎ ٍض‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﻫﻴْ َﻬﺎ َت ﺑِ َﻤ ْﻌ َ َ ُﻌ َﺪ‬
‫َﺷ َﺘﺎ َن ﺑِ َﻤ ْﻌ َ ِا ْ َ َ َق‬
‫أَﺗَ َﻀﺠ ُﺮ‬ ‫ُ‬
‫َ‬ ‫ﺑِ َﻤ ْﻌ‬ ‫أف‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ِإ ْﺳ ِﻢ ِﻓ ْﻌ ٍﻞ ُ َﻀﺎ ِر ٍع‪،‬‬ ‫‪.٢‬‬

‫َو ْي ﺑِ َﻤ ْﻌ َ أَ ْﻋ َﺠ ُﺐ‬
‫َوآهٍ ﺑِ َﻤ ْﻌ َ أَﺗَ َﻮﺟ ُﻊ‬
‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﺻ ْﻪ ﺑِ َﻤ ْﻌ َ اُ ْﺳ ُﻜ ْﺖ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ْ ٍﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ﻓِ ْﻌ ِﻞ‬ ‫إِ ْﺳ ِﻢ‬ ‫‪.٣‬‬

‫آ ِﻣ ْ َ ﺑِ َﻤ ْﻌ َ ِا ْﺳﺘَ ِﺠ ْﺐ‬
‫َ‬
‫ْ ِﻬ ْﻞ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ُر َو ْ َﺪ ﺑِ َﻤ ْﻌ َ‬

‫ﺑَﻠْ َﻪ ﺑِ َﻤ ْﻌ َ َد ْع َواﺗْ ُﺮ ْك‬

‫‪- ٤٥ -‬‬

‫َﻋﻠَﻴْ َﻚ ﺑِ َﻤ ْﻌ َ اَ ْ ِﺰ ْم‬
‫إِ َ ْ َﻚ َ ﺑِ َﻤ ْﻌ َ َ َﻨﺢ َ‬

‫أَ ْﺳ َﻤﺎ ُء ا ْ َﻷ ْﺻ َﻮا ِت‬
‫أَ ْﺳ َﻤﺎ ُء ا ْ َﻷ ْﺻ َﻮا ِت َ َ ﻧَ ْﻮ َ ْ ِ ؛‬
‫ْ‬ ‫أَ ْو‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬
‫ْ َﺴﺎ ِن‪،‬‬ ‫ا ِﻹ‬ ‫ِﺻ َﻐﺎ ِر‬ ‫َ َﻴ َﻮا ِن‬ ‫َ ْﻌ ِﻘ ُﻞ ِﻣ َﻦ ا‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫َﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺑِ ِﻪ‬ ‫َﺎ ِﻃ ُﺐ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ﻧَ ْﻮ ٌع‬ ‫‪.١‬‬

‫ِإﻣﺎ ِﻠْ َﺠ ْﺰ ِر‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﻫ َﻼ ‪ِ ‬ﻠْ َﻔ ْﺮ ِس‬
‫َﻋ َﺪ ْس ‪ِ ‬ﻠْ َﺒ َﻐ ِﻞ‬
‫َﻛ ْﺦ ‪ِ ‬ﻠﻄ ْﻔ ِﻞ‬
‫َو ِﻣﺎ ِ َ ِء‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ :‬ﻧِ ْﺦ ‪ِ ‬ﻠْ َﺒ ِﻌ ْ ِ ا ِى ُﻨَﺎ ُخ‬
‫َﺳﺎ َء ‪ِ ‬ﻠْ ِﺤ َﻤﺎ ِر ا ِى ﻳُ ْﻮ ِر ُد ا ْ َﻤﺎ َء‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﻧَ ْﻮ ٌع ُ ْ َ ﺑِ ِﻪ َﺻ ْﻮ ٌت ِﻣ َﻦ ا ْ َﻷ ْﺻ َﻮا ِت ا ْ َﻤ ْﺴ ُﻤ ْﻮ َﻋ ِﺔ‪،‬‬

‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﻗ ْﺐ ‪َ ِ ‬ﻮﻗْ ِﻊ ا ﺴﻴْ ِﻒ‬

‫َ ِق ‪َ ِ ‬ﺼ ْﻮ ِت اﻟْ ُﻐ َﺮا ِب‬
‫َﻃ ْﻖ ‪َ ِ ‬ﺼ ْﻮ ِت ا ْ َ َﺠ ِﺮ‬

‫‪- ٤٦ -‬‬

‫َ ْﻌ ُﺾ اﻟﻈ ُﺮ ْو ِف‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َو َﻣﺒْ‬ ‫‪ُ ،‬ﻣ ْﻌ َﺮ ٍب‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ﻧَ ْﻮ‬ ‫اَﻟﻈ ُﺮ ْو ُف َ َ‬
‫ﻓَ ِ َ ؛‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ا ْ َﻤﺒْ‬
‫ِﻴ ُﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻈ ُﺮ ْو ُف‬ ‫َ‬
‫أﻣﺎ‬

‫‪َ .١‬ﺣﻴْ ُﺚ ‪َ :‬ﻇ ْﺮ ُف َﻣ َ ٍن‬

‫أَﺑَ ًﺪا‬ ‫‪َ .٢‬ﻂ ‪َ :‬ﻇ ْﺮ ُف َز َﻣﺎ ٍن ِﻠْ َﻤﺎ ِ‬

‫َ‬ ‫ﺑِ َﻤ ْﻌ‬ ‫ِأَﻠْﻧْ ُﻤ َ ْﺖﺴ َﺘ ِ ْﻘﻴْ َﺒ ِﻪ ِﻞ‬ ‫َﻇ ْﺮ ُف َز َﻣﺎ ٍن‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪َ .٣‬ﻋ ْﻮ ُض‬
‫ِﻠْ َﻮﻗْ ِﺖ ا ِى‬ ‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪ .٤‬اَ ْﻵ َن‬

‫ﺰ َﻣﺎ ِن‬ ‫ا‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِن‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ِﻠْ َﻤ‬ ‫َ ُ ْن ‪:‬‬ ‫َ ي‪/‬‬ ‫َ‬ ‫‪.٥‬‬
‫أ ِو‬
‫‪ُ .٦‬ﻫ َﻨﺎ ‪ِ :‬ﻠْ َﻤ َ ِن اﻟْ َﻘ ِﺮ ْ ِﺐ‬
‫‪ِ :‬ﻠْ َﻤ َ ِن ا ْ َ ِﻌﻴْ ِﺪ‬
‫‪َ .٧‬ﻢ‬

‫‪ُ .٨‬ﻣ ْﺬ‪ُ /‬ﻣﻨْ ُﺬ ‪ِ :‬ﻻﺑْ ِﺘ َﺪا ِء ا ْ ُﻤﺪ ِة‬

‫‪ِ :‬ﻠﺰ َﻣﺎ ِن ا ْ َﻤﺎ ِ َو َﻗ ْﺪ ﺗَ ُ ْﻮ ُن ِﻠْ ُﻤ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﻘ َﺒ ِﻞ‬ ‫‪ .٩‬إِ ْذ‬
‫‪ِ :‬ﻠﺰ َﻣﺎ ِن ا ْ ُﻤ ْﺴ َﺘ ْﻘ َﺒ ِﻞ‬ ‫‪ِ .١٠‬إ َذا‬

‫‪- ٤٧ -‬‬

‫أَﻧْ َﻮا ُع ﺑِﻨَﺎ ِء ا ْ َﻷ ْﺳ َﻤﺎ ِء‬
‫أَﻧْ َﻮا ُع ا ْ ِ َﻨﺎ ِء أَ ْر َ َﻌ ٌﺔ‪َ ،‬و ِ َ ‪:‬‬
‫َ َ ا ﻀﻢ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪َ :‬ﺣﻴْ ُﺚ ‪َ -‬ﻂ ‪ُ ْ َ -‬ﻦ‬
‫َ‬ ‫أَﻧْ َﺖ‬ ‫‪َ .١‬ﻣﺒْ ِ‬
‫ْ َﻦ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫اَ ْﻵ َن‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫َ َ اﻟْ َﻔﺘْ ِﺢ‪،‬‬ ‫‪َ .٢‬ﻣﺒْ ِ‬
‫‪َ .٣‬ﻣﺒْ ِ‬
‫َ َ اﻟْ َﻜ ْ ِ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪ :‬أَﻧْ ِﺖ ‪َ -‬ﻫ ُﺆ َﻻ ِء ‪َ -‬ﻫ ِﺬ ِه‬ ‫‪َ .٤‬ﻣﺒْ ِ‬
‫أَﻧَﺎ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ا ﺴ ُﻜ ْﻮ ِن‪،‬‬
‫إِ َذا‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫ْﺘُ ْﻢ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ِﻣﺜْ ُﻞ‪:‬‬ ‫ََ‬

‫َ َﻞ ا ْ َﻷ ْﺳ َﻤﺎ ِء ا ْ َﻤﺒْ ِﻴ ِﺔ ِﻣ َﻦ ا ْ ِﻹ ْﻋ َﺮا ِب‬ ‫َ‬
‫ا ْ ِﻹ ْﻋ َﺮا ِب‬ ‫َ َﻞ ا ْ َﻷ ْﺳ َﻤﺎ ِء ا ْ َﻤﺒْ ِﻴ ِﺔ ِ‬ ‫أﻣﺎ‬
‫َ ْﻮﻗِ ِﻌ ِﻪ ِ‬ ‫ِ َ ْﺴ ِﺐ‬ ‫َ ُﻬ َﻮ‬

‫ا ْ ُ ْﻤﻠَ ِﺔ‪ِ ،‬ﻣﻨْ َﻬﺎ؛‬
‫‪َ .١‬ﻣﺎ َ َن ِ َ َﻞ َرﻓْ ٍﻊ ِإ َذا َ َن ﻓَﺎ ِﻋ ًﻼ أَ ْو ُﻣﺒْ َﺘ َﺪأً َﻣ َﺜ ًﻼ‪.‬‬
‫‪َ .٢‬ﻣﺎ َ َن ِ َ َﻞ ﻧَ ْﺼ ٍﺐ إِ َذا َ َن َﻣ ْﻔ ُﻌ ْﻮ ًﻻ ﺑِ ِﻪ أَ ْو َ ْ ِهِ ِﻣ َﻦ‬
‫ا ْ َﻤﻨْ ُﺼ ْﻮ َﺎ ِت‪.‬‬

‫‪- ٤٨ -‬‬