Inventions - A Visual Encyclopedia

matchlock firearms 30 needle telegraphs 137 pollution 62 INDEX
Matzeliger, Jan Ernst 290 neon lights 182–183 polonium 227
mechanical devices, early 22–25 networks, global 175 polystyrene 63
medicine 222–249 Newcomen, Thomas 52 polythene 62
Menlo Park 186 New Horizons probe 287 portable televisions 165
“men o’ war” 104 Newton, Isaac 254 postal services 166
Mercury program 274 Nintendo 210, 211 postcards 166
metal tools 9 Nobel, Alfred 50–51 Post-it notes 73
Method-2 robot 80–81 nonstick pans 195 potter’s wheels 12
microchips 283 noodles, instant 199 power looms 53
micrometers 42 norias 22–23 power plants 181
microphones 204 nuclear power 57 power stations 57
microprocessors 171 nuclear submarines 113 prayer wheels 13
microscopes 234–235 nuclear vessels 106 press cameras 158
microwave ovens 195 nylon 63, 219 printing 32–33, 35, 74–75, 166
military radios 152 O production lines, smart 54–55
military robots 77, 78 offices 72–73 programming languages 171
military rockets 270 oil, crude 56 propellers 106, 107, 120
mills, textile 23, 52, 53 OLED televisions 165 prostheses 248–249
Mir space station 277, 279 ophthalmoscopes 228 public transport 100–101
Model T 92–93, 96–97 optical fiber cables 265 pulleys 20
mold 240–241 oracle bone script 34 Q
money 66, 67, 68–69 oral vaccinations 243 qanats 11
monorail, suspended 130–131 orbits, satellite 260, 261 quadrants 110
Montagu, John 290–291 Orion spacecraft 273 querns 24
moon 258, 273, 275, 280, 284 Otis, Elisha 49, 291 quill pens 35
Morse Code 136, 137, 151 outdoor clothing 219 R
motorbuses 100 P rabies 244, 245
motorcycles 90–91 pacemakers 248 racing bikes 85
mountain bicycles 87 painkillers 232 radar 111
mouse, computer 171 paper 35, 166 radar satellites 263
movable type 32 papyrus 34 radio 150–153, 264
movie cameras 160–161 parking sensors 93 radioactivity 227
MP3s 207 Pasteur, Louis 234, 235, 242, Radioisotope Thermal Generators (RTGs) 284
MRI scanners 225 radio telescopes 254
multispectral imaging 262 244–245 radio waves 111, 150–151, 209, 225, 254,
multitrack recording 205 pasteurization 244
music 204–207 Pen-y-Darren 126 263, 264
N pencil sharpeners 72 radium 227
nail polish 214 Penicillin 241 railroads 126–133, 138
NASA (National Aeronautics and Space pens 35, 166 Rausing, Ruben 291
percussion caps 31 razors 214, 215
Administration) 261, 262, 264, 269, 271, personal computers (PCs) 171, reaping machines 46
273, 274, 276, 277, 280–287 recorded music 204–205
navigation 16, 17, 110–111, 264, 265 172–173 records 206
navigational chariot 36 personal hygiene 214–215, 278 recumbent bicycles 87
NEAR-Shoemaker probe 286 pesticides 45, 47 reflective jackets 85
pets, robotic 78 reflector telescopes 252, 253, 254
Philae lander 287
Phillips screwdrivers 43 299
phonographs 187, 204, 206
photography 156–159, 252
pinhole cameras 156
pistons 93
plants, in space 279
plasters, sticking 237
plastics 62–63
Playstation 211
plows 11
Pluto 287
pocket cameras 158
podcars 101
Polaroid cameras 159
polar orbits 261, 263

INDEX satellite navigation 264 spacecraft 268–287
satellite phones 145, 261, 265 manned 272–275
refractor telescopes 252 satellites 255, 260–265, 282 robotic 284–287
refrigerators 196–197 Saturn 285, 287
remote control 61, 162 Saturn V 269, 271 space debris 266–267
remote-sensing satellites 261, 262, 282 S-bend toilets 212 Space Launch System (SLS) 271
renewable energy 58–59 scooters 91 space probes 280, 281, 282, 284–287
reusable rockets 269 screens, flexible electronic 65 Space Race 268, 283
Ritty, James 66, 291 screw-cutting lathes 40 SpaceShipOne 271
roads 102–103 scuba diving 113 Space Shuttle 269, 271, 273, 278
road travel 14–15, 84–103 scurvy 238 space stations 276–277
Robonaut 78 sea clocks 110–111 spacesuits 278, 279
robot cleaners 201 searchlights 183 space technology 282–283
robotic probes 284–285 search robots 78 space telescopes 253, 255, 280
robotic ships 109 sea travel 16–17 space tourists 275
robotic surgery 239 seed drills 44 space walks 273
robots 76–81 selfies 147 spandex 65
Rocket 127, 132 semaphore 127, 136 spanners 41
rockets 260, 268–271 semiconductors 153, 181, 183 spectacles 248
sewerage systems 212 spectroscopy 253
multistage 269 sewing machines 218 sphygmomanometers 229
role-playing games 209 sextants 110 spin dryers 193
roller and sledge method 12 ships 16, 18–19, 104–111, 114–115 Spinning Jenny 52
Romans 15, 20, 21, 44, 58, 102, 104, signals, semaphore 127 spinning wheels 25
Sikorsky, Igor 291 spirit levels 41
198, 220 silk industry 244, 290 Sputnik 1 260, 268
Röntgen, Wilhelm 224 skateboards 88–89 spy satellites 262
Roper, Sylvester 90 Skylab 276 stagecoaches 15
Rosetta probe 287 skyscrapers 48–49 stamps, postage 166
Roskosmos 280 sliced bread 199 staplers 72
rotor blades 122 smallpox 242, 243 stars 37, 252–259
round ships 19 smart bikes 85 statins 233
Rubik’s cube 209 smartphones 69, 145, 146–147, 205 steam engines 46, 52–53, 56, 106, 126–127,
S smart refrigerators 197
safety bicycles 84 smart telescopes 253 128, 268
safety lamps 132 smartwatches 141 steam hammers 41
safety pins 220 smelting 9 steamships 108
safety razors 214 snacks 198–199 steel 48–49
sailing ships 18–19, 104–105 snap fasteners 221 Stephenson, George and Robert 127, 132–133
Salyut space stations 276 sneakers 218 sterilization 237
satellite launchers 270, 281 soap 237 stethoscopes 228
300 solar power 58, 184–185, 261, stick charts, Polynesian 16
Stockton and Darlington Railway 126, 128
283, 284 Stone Age 8
solar-powered boats 109 stone tools 8, 9
solar-powered planes 121 streaming 163
Solar System 284–287
sonar 111
Sony Walkman 207
Soyuz rockets 271
Soyuz spacecraft 274, 275
space 250–287
space agencies 280–281
space blankets 282

streetcars, electric 100 traveler’s checks 68 weightlessness 278 INDEX
submarine communications cables 137, treadle wheels 25 Wellesley, Arthur 291
treadmills 22 wheelbarrows 13, 202
154–155, 265 treasure ships 19 wheels 12–13, 22–23, 93
submarines 112–113 trepanning 230 Wii 211
submersibles 112 Trevithick, Richard 126 wind farms 59, 91
sulfonamides 233 trip hammers 23 windmills 25
sun-centered universe 258, 259 triremes 16 wind power 25, 58, 59
sundials 138 trolleys, supermarket 66 wind-up radios 151
sunscreen 215 Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin 268 wing flaps 117
superbikes 91 Tupperware 195 wireless technology 145, 207
supercomputers 148–149 turbine-powered boats 109 woodcuts 33
super toilets 213 Turtle 112 Woods, Granville 291
surgery 230–231, 236, 237 turtle ships 19 World Wide Web 174–175
surveillance satellites 262 typewriters 167 Wright Brothers 116, 118–119
Swan, Joseph 180–181 U writing 34–35, 166–167
sweets 198–199 ultrasound scanners 224 X–Y–Z
Syncrom 3 265 ultraviolet 253 Xbox 211
synthetic materials 64–65, 219 underground railways 128 Xi Ling Shi 290
syringes 242 universe, heliocentric 258–259 X-rays 61, 224, 227, 247, 253
T uranium 227 yachts 104–105
tablets 173 V zero emissions buses 101
Talbot, William Henry Fox 156, 289 V-2 rocket 270 zero-carbon city 59
tape measures 42 vaccinations 242–243, 244, 245 Zhang Heng 36–37
tape recorders 205 vacuum cleaners 200–203 zip fasteners 221
Technicolor 160 Velcro 221, 283
teeth 246–247 velocipedes 86
telegraphs 136–137, 186 Venera missions 284
telephone exchanges 143 Venus 258, 284
telephones 142–147, 249 vertical-axis mills 25
telescopes 252–259 Very Large Telescope (VLT) 252–253
television 162–165, 264 video cassettes 161
Tesla coil 61, 189 video games 210–211
Tesla, Nikola 60–61, 188–189 Viking orbiters 285
textiles, synthetic 64, 219 Vikings 18
texting 143 Volta, Alessandro 190
thermometers 229, 259 Voltaic Pile 190
threshing machines 46 von Braun, Werner 269, 270
thrust 117 Vostok 1 272, 275
tidal energy 59 Voyager space probes 284, 287
time 138–141 W
time zones 139 wagons 13, 14, 15, 126
tinned food 44 Wakefield, Ruth Graves 199, 291
tires, inflatable 84 walkie-talkies 153
Titan 285, 287 warehouses 70–71
toasters 194 warrior robots 79
toilet paper 213 washing machines 192–193, 202
toilets, flushing 212–213 watches 140–141
tools water clocks 140
water power 58
early 8–9 water pumps 22, 27
modern 40–43 water therapy 216–217
toothbrushes 246 waterproof fabrics 218, 219
toothpaste 214 waterwheels 22–23, 27
torque 41 Watt, James 52
touchpads 173 weapons
touchscreen technology 173
Toyoda, Sakichi 291 gunpowder 28–29, 30–31
tractors 46–47 nuclear 171
traffic lights 102 rocket-borne 268, 270
trainers 218 weather satellites 263
trains 126–133 websites 175
tram-trains 101
transatlantic cables 137
transistor radios 153

Acknowledgments

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Smithsonian Institution: Bridgeman Images: Galleria degli Uffizi, Society Picture Library (clb). 52–53 Dorling
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Ellen Nanney from the Smithsonian Institution; 22 Collection and Archive of Museum of hydraulic press. Engraving, 1887. / Universal
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for writing pp.288–291 Ingenious Inventors; Technology: (clb). 22–23 Alamy Stock Photo: 1834 (engraving), Allom, Thomas (1804-72)
Helen Peters for the index; Victoria Pyke for Johnny Greig Int (b). 23 Getty Images: Ann (after) / Private Collection (tc). 54–55 Science
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