WATER EXPERT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME TOPIC : SCADA & Technology for WATER Application
Learning Objective To furnish the participants with up-to-datefundamental information on the application ofSCADA and automation for Water Supply Application
Presenter • Ts. Mohammad Afdhal Bin Mordani • Norhisham Bin Md Aripin
Learning Content 1. Introduction & Overview of SCADA System2. Field Instrumentation 3. Automation & Components 4. Communication 5. Master Station 6. Internet of Things 7. Application
1 Introduction & Overview of SCADA System
1 Introduction What is SCADA System?
1 SCADA in Air Selangor DISTRIBUTION NRW PRODUCTION(WBM/CBM) Pump Monitoring & Control Level monitoring Water Quality Auto-dosing system. Auto pump changeover based on pump condition.Auto Filter backwashing based on filter’s condition.Auto shutdown during violation. Auto RTF/STF running based on sludge load. Auto ProdIS reporting.Valve Control
1 Overview of SCADA System Supervisory Control Acquisition Data
1 History of SCADA 1940 1950 1960 1970 Electric utility systems Telemetry and control Development General Electric and Control Corporation Advanced Telemetry
1 History of SCADA Automation Regulation,... ? Datalogging Alarms Central station Communication
1 Generation of SCADA System 1 st Generation - Monolithic or Early SCADA systems 2nd Generation - Distributed SCADA systems 3 rd Generation - Networked SCADA systems 4 th Generation - Internet of things technology, SCADA systems
1 Primary purpose of SCADA system 5. Data acquisition 1. To monitor 2. To control 3. Alarming functions4. Data presentation
1 Overview of SCADA System INSTRUMENTATION AUTOMATION COMMUNICATION MASTER STATION
1 Overview of SCADA System Automation /Controller • PLC/RTU/Microcontroller Sensors • Limit switch/ Level/Pressure/FlowMonitoring • User Interface/Remote Control Data Logging • Report archive /Trending, DatabaseActuator • Relay/Valve/Pump
1 Human Machine Interface “Human-Machine Interface” = HMI • Displays process data for the operator (M to H) • Allows operator access to change/control the process An alternative term – Operator Interface Terminal (OIT)
1 Remote Terminal Unit • Remote Terminal Unit OR Remote Telemetry Unit = RTU• A microprocessor-controlled device that interfaces with the station or plant. The RTU sometimes controls the local equipment, sometimes includes an OIT/HMI and usually communicates with the master station.
1 Programmable Logic Control • Programmable Logic Controller = PLC • A microprocessor-based device that interfaces with instruments and equipment at the facility and provides for control and communications.• Often is connected to an OIT/HMI • Communicates with master • Programmable for local/distributed control • Interface with local facility inputs and outputs (I/O)
1 Field Input & Output • Discrete Inputs / Digital Input (on/off contact closures, relays) • Examples – a pump is running, a float is up, switch position • Discrete Outputs / Digital Output (energize a relay coil) • Examples – tell a pump to start, turn on an alarm light • Analog Inputs • Examples – flow meter reading, chlorine residual reading • Analog Outputs • Examples – send a speed to a VFD, send a SPM signal to a chemical pump
1 Typical SCADA System
1 Example of MMI
1 Main Application of SCADA System Water and Wastewater Power Oil and Gas Research facilities Transportation Security systems Siren systems Irrigation Communication control
2 Field Instrumentation
2 Field Instrumentation INSTRUMENTATION AUTOMATION COMMUNICATION MASTER STATION
Learning Content A. Introduction - Identify the controlled and manipulated variables. - State the difference between open and closed loop control. B. Field Instrumentation / Control C. Application Instrumentation 2
Introduction – What Is Instrumentation EngineeringInstrumentation engineering focuses on control processes that use sensors as an input. 1. This field of engineering can be concerned with equipment processes using sensors to observe many types of variables:- - Pressure, Water Quality (pH, Turbidity, Cl2) , voltage, temperature, flowrate, level and many more. 2. Feedback from such sensors can be used:- - Measure and monitor input - Monitor outputs - Recording of quality data - Safety parameters. 3. Input/Output Signal - Electronic signal 4-20mA, 1-5VDC - Pneumatic 3 -15psi; 6-30 psi (20 – 100kPa) - Processed by other equipment to provide - Indication, Alarms, Automatic control A 1
A2 Introduction – Instrumentation System 4 Elements are necessary in any Instrument Control Situation 1. Process Variable - Needs measurement and control 2. Sensing/Measuring means - Determines the value of the process variable 3. Controlling means - Receives measurement information. - Compares it with a set point value. - Sends out a control signal. 4. Final Control Device - Receives the control signal - Makes the actual process change that keeps the process variable at the set point. Block Diagram : Elements of a Process Control System
A2 Introduction – Instrumentation System Control Can be either:- 1. Manual - Requires a human being to observe the value of the controlled variable - If the variable is not at the setpoint, the human observer adjusts a manipulated variable. 2. Automatic - Employs a controller to keep controlled variable at the set point. - Control may be:- - Open Loop (feed forward) - Controller adjust the final control element without measuring the process Example: Automatic Pump Timer/ lawn sprinkler system. - Closed Loop (feedback) - information is continuously passed around the loop Example: Auto Start Stop Pump Figure A2 : Manual and Automatic Process Control System
B 1 Field Instrument Measuring instruments (Transmitters) to transmit the signals to where required for remote monitoring. Analogue values shall be transmitted as electric signals in the range of 4 to 20 mA (mostly) DC and shall be linearized where necessary. Transmission of Digital signals such as status, alarm and pulse rate frequency signals shall be provided by volt-free changeover contacts. Signal Protection Device shall be provided for each analogue signal forming part of the hard-wired system. - Isolation of unwanted current loops, ground loops. - Protects the device, signal and equipment/machine. Types of Signal Transmission:- 1. Signal transmission: Two-wire transmitter 2. Signal transmission: Four-wire transmitter 3. Signal transmission: Smart-Wire (HART) 4. Signal transmission: Fieldbus Communication Signal Transmission - General
Signal transmission: Four-wire transmitter Signal transmission: Two-wire transmitter
B 2 Field Instrument Figure 1: Typical instrumentation diagram for medium or large WTPs
B 1 Field Instrument Control (C) Alarm (A) Indication (I) Recording R) Summation (S) For measurement of Measuring Device Item No Ultrasonic Sensor C/A/I/R Intake & raw water pumping station River level 1. 2. Bandscreen differential level Electrodes C/A/I 3. Pump sump level Electrodes C/A 4. Raw water inlet flow Magnetic flowmeter C/A/I/R/S 5. Raw water turbidity Turbidity meter A/I 6. Raw water pH pH meter A/I 7. Raw water dissolved oxygen Dissolved oxygen meter A/I WTP 8. Dosed water pH pH meter C/A/I 9. Dosed water SCD Streaming current detector C/A/I 10. Clarified water turbidity Turbidity meter A/I 11. Filter water level high Electrodes A 12. Filtered water flow Magnetic flowmeter C/A/I/R/S 13. Filter loss of head Differential pressure C/A/I 14. Filtered water turbidity Turbidity meter A/I 15. Air (blower) flow Differential pressure (orifice plate) C/A/I 16. Washwater holding tank level Pressure transducer C/A/I 17. Washwater holding tank low level Electrodes C/A 18. Washwater flow Magnetic flowmeter C/A/I/S Control (C) Alarm (A) Indication (I) Recording R)Summation (S)For measurement of Measuring DeviceItem No Clear water tanks & treatedwater pumping station 19. Treated water pH pH meter C/A/I20. Treated water residual chlorine Chlorine residual meter C/A/I21. Treated water residual flouride Fluoride residual meter C/A/I22. Clear water tank overflow and level Electrodes Ahigh 23. Clear water tank water level low Electrodes A24. Clear water tank level Pressure transducer C/A/I25. Treated water delivery flow Magnetic flowmeter I/R/S26. Treated water delivery pressure Pressure gaugeA/IBalancing reservoir 27. Reservoir outlet turbidity Turbidity meter A/I28. Reservoir outlet pH pH meter A/I29. Reservoir outlet residual chlorine Chlorine residual meter A/IResiduals plant 30. Sludge blanket level Residual blanket level detector C/A31. Sludge density level Residual density meter C/A/I
C 1 Application Instrument FLOW COMPONENTS DESCRIPTIONFlows can be measured in a variety of ways. The common type of flow meter in WTP application includes the following:- (i) Differential pressure flowmeter (obstruction type) (ii) Electromagnetic flowmeter (iii) Clamp-on ultrasonic flowmeter (iv) Insertion probe flowmeter (v) Open channel ultrasonic flowmeter • The accuracy of EM Flowmeter shall be at least +/- 0.2%. • The accuracy of the clamp-on flowmeter shall be better than ±2.0% of rate. • The accuracy of the insertion probe flowmeter shall not be more than 3%• 4-20mA output, Support HART communication protocol. • The signal converter shall be to IP65 protection or if have to, IP64 protection shall be provided with a suitable weatherproof enclosure. • The operation of the system shall be unaffected by build up, condensation, dust, and vibration.• The proposed electromagnetic flow meter brand shall be approved brand by Air Selangor.FLOWMETER
Electromagnetic Insertion Probe Clamp On Ultrasonic
C2 LEVEL COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION There are two types of level measurements:- 1. Point level measurement is provided by electrode level detectors that detect variation in the water level for example the level of clear water tank. - Electrode level detector should typically operate by conductance where possible. - Level electrodes should be made of stainless-steel rods encapsulated in heat shrinkable tubing. - Insulated support brackets should be installed at reasonable intervals to prevent electrodes swaying. 2. Continuous level measurement - Continuous level measuring instruments include pressure transducers and ultrasonic level meters. - Measuring distance in terms of time by the propagation of sound waves in air from a transmitter and measuring the time interval between transmission and reception of the reflected sound wave. - The sensor should be positioned at a suitable location. - To avoid the effects of turbulence, high waves and ripples; shielding, stilling tubes or other measures should be provided to avoid effects on the measurement. WATER LEVEL SWITCHES/ELECTRODE ULTRASONIC LEVEL SENSOR Application Instrument
PRESSURE COMPONENTS DESCRIPTIONPRESSURE TRANSMITTER • Use to measure pipeline pressure, pumping system & to isolate pumping system during abnormal condition as protection from pump damages. • Built-in display. • Two-wire system with 4-20 mA output. • The signal cable between the signal converter to the indicator or receiving device shall be screened two core cable of appropriate size. • 10 bar or 100-meter range with ± 0.25% accuracy. DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE TRANSMITTER • Use for close tank level measurement (Surge Vessel) • Two-wire system with 4-20 mA output. • The signal cable between the signal converter to the indicator or receiving device shall bescreened two core cable of appropriate size. • Accuracy of Differential Pressure Transmitter shall be at least ± 0.25%. • The signal converter shall comply with IP65 protection. PRESSURE TRANSMITTER DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE TRANSMITTER C 3 Application Instrument
C 4 PRESSURE COMPONENTS DESCRIPTIONPRESSURE SWITCH • Use to measure pipeline pressure, pumping system & to isolate pumping system during abnormal condition as protection from pump damages. • Two-wire system with 4-20 mA output with optional built-in display depends on requirement.• The signal cable between the signal converter to the indicator or receiving device shall be screened two core cable of appropriate size. • Accuracy range with ± 2 % accuracy. • The pressure switch shall comply with IP65 protection. PRESSURE TRANSIENT • Use to measure pipeline pressure for leak or abnormal condition as protection from pipe burst.• From RWPS to WTP and WTP to Reservoirs. • Data transmitted to WTP. Monitored and analysed by Operation team. • 16 bar or higher range with ± 0.25% FS accuracy. • Max 256 samples per second. PRESSURE SWITCH PRESSURE TRANSIENT Application Instrument
C5.1 Application Instrument RWPS INLET CHAMBER CHANNEL High Range Turbidity Raw Water pH TOC Clarification/ Common Channel Streaming Current Detector, SCD Settled Water pH Filtration Sand/ Section Filtered Water pHFiltered Water Turbidity Filtered Water Chlorine Chlorinated Water TPOTPO ChlorineTPO TurbidityTPO pHTPO FluorideWTP COMMAND CENTRE POND COMMON AREA High Range Turbidity Raw Water pH Ammonia Dissolved Oxygen INTAKE & RIVER STATION Dissolved Oxygen, DO Raw Water pH Ammonia Total Suspended Solid, TSS Chemical On Demand, COD Biological On Demand, BOD Conductivity High Range Turbidity Hydrocarbon Fluoride WQI Analyzer Dissolved Oxygen, DO Raw Water pH Ammonia Total Suspended Solid, TSS Chemical On Demand, COD Biological On Demand, BOD Conductivity High Range Turbidity Hydrocarbon Fluoride WQI Analyzer TOC High Range Turbidity Settled Water pH Colour WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS AT AIS WTPDissolve Oxygen, DO BROTPO ChlorineTPO TurbidityTPO pHTPO FluorideWATER TREATMENT PLANT INTAKE & RWPS RESERVOIROil Detector TOC Water Quality Measurement
C 5 WATER QUALITY COMPONENTS DESCRIPTIONMinimum requirements for system equipment Water Quality Monitoring Sensor for Water Quality Index (WQI). The WQI was derived by using parameter below: 1) DO 2) pH 3) ammonia nitrogen 4) TSS 5) COD 6) BOD Sampling method – WQI platform - Sampling system shall come with a sampling WQI platform. - Ease the technician to perform servicing and calibration job at site. - Instrument air shall be provided for air cleaning on the sensor/probe. WQI ONLINE ANALYZER (OLA) Application Instrument
C 6 WATER QUALITY COMPONENTS DESCRIPTIONHIGH-RANGE TURBIDITY ANALYZER • Instrument for continuous online monitoring of turbidity in water, mostly use at Raw Water.• Accuracy ± 2% range, operating temperature 0-50°C, measurement range from 0 NTU up to 9000 NTU. • Support signal 4-20mA output, Modbus RTU on 24 VDC, Alarm Relays and HART communication protocol. • The instrument & signal converter shall comply with IP65 protection, waterproof, noise free digital communication and easy maintenance. CONDUCTIVITY ANALYZER • Instrument for continuous online monitoring of conductivity in water, mostly use at Raw Water.• Accuracy ± 2% range, operating temperature 0-50°C measurement range from 0microSiemens up to 500microSiemens • Support signal 4-20mA output, Modbus RTU on 24 VDC, Alarm Relays and HART communication protocol. • The instrument & signal converter shall comply with IP65 protection, waterproof, noise free digital communication, calibrated sensors, plug & play and easy maintenance. HIGH-RANGE TURBIDITY ANALYZER CONDUCTIVITY ANALYZER Application Instrument
C 7 WATER QUALITY COMPONENTS DESCRIPTIONPH ANALYZER • Instrument for continuous online monitoring pH in water, mostly use at Raw Water, Filtered Water & Treated Water. • Accuracy ± 2% range, operating temperature 0°C up to 50°C, measurement range from 0 - 14pH.• Fast response to sampling water changes for operator to do immediate control. • Support signal 4-20mA output, Modbus RTU on 24 VDC, Alarm Relays and HART communication protocol. • The instrument & signal converter shall comply with IP65 protection, waterproof, noise free digital communication, calibrated sensors, plug & play and easy maintenance. AMMONIA ANALYZER • Instrument for continuous online monitoring of Ammonia in water, mostly use at Raw Water.• Accuracy ± 2% range, operating temperature 0-50°C • Support signal 4-20mA output, Modbus RTU on 24 VDC, Alarm Relays and HART communication protocol. • The instrument & signal converter shall comply with IP65 protection, waterproof, noise free digital communication, calibrated sensors, plug & play and easy maintenance. PH ANALYZER AMMONIA ANALYZERS Application Instrument
C 8 WATER QUALITY COMPONENTS DESCRIPTIONHYDROCARBON ANALYZER • Instrument for continuous online monitoring of violation oil or carbon in water, mostly use at Raw Water . • Accuracy ± 1% range, operating temperature 0-50°C,measurement range from 0 to 10mg/l.• Self Diagnostic detection and diagnosis of internal system fault alarm - Dry contact terminals allow operator configurable alarms for: high and low set points, low lamp output, leak detected, system fault, etc. • Support signal 4-20mA output, Modbus RTU on 24 VDC, Alarm Relays and HART communication protocol. The signal converter shall comply with IP65 protection. OIL DETECTION • Instrument for continuous online monitoring of violation oil on water, mostly use at Raw Water.• Accuracy ± 1% range, operating temperature 0-50°C, minimum measurement range 0.3mm thickness.• Self Diagnostic detection and diagnosis of internal system fault alarm. • Support signal 4-20mA output, Modbus RTU on 24 VDC, Alarm Relays and HART communication protocol. The signal converter shall comply with IP65 protection. HYDROCARBON ANALYZER OIL DETECTION Application Instrument
C 9 WATER QUALITY COMPONENTS DESCRIPTIONSTREAMING CURRENT DETECTOR • Use for optimization of coagulation processes. • Built with 316 SS and suitable for 24/7 continuous monitoring. • Shall be installed close to water sampling area for reading accuracy. • 4-20mA output. • Support HART communication protocol. • The operation of the system shall unaffected by build up, condensation, dust, and vibration.• The signal converter shall comply with IP65 protection STREAMING CURRENT DETECTOR Application Instrument
C10 WATER QUALITY COMPONENTS DESCRIPTIONSettle/Treated Water pH Analyser • Instrument for continuous online monitoring detection of pH in water, mostly use at Settled Water, Filtered Water & Treated Water. • Fast response to sampling water changes for operator to do immediate control. • Support signal 4-20mA output, Modbus RTU on 24 VDC, Alarm Relays and HART communication protocol. • The instrument & signal converter shall comply with IP65 protection, waterproof, noise free digital communication, calibrated sensors, plug & play and easy maintenance. Fluoride Residual Analyser • Instrument for continuous online monitoring detection of Fluoride in water, mostly use at Raw Water, Filtered Water & Treated Water. • Fast response to sampling water changes for operator to do immediate control. • Support signal 4-20mA output, Modbus RTU on 24 VDC, Alarm Relays and HART communication protocol. • The instrument & signal converter shall comply with IP65 protection, waterproof, noise free digital communication, calibrated sensors, plug & play and easy maintenance. Settle/Treated Water pH Analyser Fluoride Residual Analyser Application Instrument
C11 WATER QUALITY COMPONENTS DESCRIPTIONTotal Chlorine / Free Chlorine Residual Analyzer • Instrument for continuous online monitoring of Total Chlorine or Free Chlorine in water, mostly use at Filtered Water and Treated Water. • Built with 316 SS and suitable for 24/7 continuous monitoring. • Fast response to any source water changes for operator to do immediate control. • Support signal 4-20mA output, Modbus RTU on 24 VDC, Alarm Relays and HART communication protocol (optional). • The instrument & signal converter shall comply with IP65 protection, waterproof, noise free digital communication, calibrated sensors, plug & play and easy maintenance. Low Range Turbidity Analyzer • Instrument for continuous online monitoring of turbidity in water, , mostly use at Filtered Water and Treated Water. • The sensor shall be contactless with sampling water, measurement range from 0 – 10 NTU.• Support signal 4-20mA output, Modbus RTU on 24 VDC, Alarm Relays and HART communication protocol (optional). • The instrument & signal converter shall comply with IP65 protection, waterproof, noise free digital communication, calibrated sensors, plug & play and easy maintenance. Total Chlorine / Free Chlorine Residual Analyzer Low Range Turbidity Analyzer Application Instrument
C12 WATER QUALITY COMPONENTS DESCRIPTIONSLUDGE BLANKET LEVEL • Use for sludge blanket level measuring (level/height) at Sludge Disposal Plant. • The probe/sensor shall be contactless with sludge • The operation of the system shall unaffected by build up, condensation, dust, and vibration.• The signal converter shall comply with IP65 protection. • 4-20mA output. • Support HART communication protocol. SLUDGE DENSITY METER Application Instrument
C13 CHEMICAL COMPONENTS DESCRIPTIONGAS LEAK DETECTOR • Instrument for continuous monitoring of Chlorine gas leakage, mostly use at Chlorine Plant.• Built in alarm indicator. • Fast response to gas leaking for immediate control and measurement range from 0 – 10 ppm.• The enclosure shall comply with IP65 protection. • A battery backup system shall be built into the Alarm Indicator Unit to provide power in the event of loss of AC power. GAS LEAK DETECTOR Application Instrument
C14 CHEMICAL COMPONENTS DESCRIPTIONWEIGHING SYSTEM • Multiple loadcell system • Built in display • IP65 transmitter enclosure • Minimum accuracy of +- 2% from full range, measurement unit (gram, kg, tonne) • Display transmitter must support RS485/HART • Lightning protection WEIGHING SYSTEM Application Instrument
C15 CHEMICAL COMPONENTS DESCRIPTIONAUTOMATIC PUMP DOSING CONTROLLER • Suitable Stainless Steel/Plastic body casing controller for wall mounting or engaged with pump casing.• IP 65 protection rating. Microprocessor SMD technology, Alphanumerical digital display• Two points probe calibration and Automatic/manual temperature compensation (with optional temperature probe) • 2 independent adjustable set points for each measured parameter • 2 adjustable 4-20mA outputs • Galvanically isolated electronics which provide protection from electronic interference• Power supply options: 100-250v, 50/60Hz AUTOMATIC PUMP DOSING CONTROLLER Application Instrument
