A Guide to Reading and Writing Japanese Fourth Edition

935–939 • ESSENTIAL CHARACTERS

ഀ Sƿ to grasp, to manage, principle;
misao, chastity, virtue; ayatsu(ru),
935
16 strokes to operate (machine), manipulate

ഠ ᧯స sǀsa, manipulation,

936 operation
15 strokes
᧯ࡾேᙧ ayatsuri-ningyǀ, puppet
ട
㈆᧯ teisǀ, chastity
937
19 strokes Zƿ; kura, warehouse; zǀ(suru),
to own, to have
ശ
෭ⶶᗜ reizǀko, refrigerator
938 ㈓ⶶ chozǀ, storage
6 strokes ⶶ᭩ zǀsho, one‫ތ‬s library

സ

939 Zƿ, entrails
12 strokes
⫢⮚ kanzǀ, the liver
ෆ⮚ naizǀ, internal organs
ᚰ⮚ shinzǀ, the heart



SON, ZON to exist; zon(jiru),
to know, to think

ಖᏑ hozon, preservation
⏕Ꮡ seizon, existence, life,
survival
Ꮡᅾ sonzai, existence, being



SON; tatto(i), noble, valuable;
tatto(bu), to respect, to value

ᑛᩗ sonkei, respect
ᑛ㔜 sonchǀ, respect, deference
ᮏᑛ honzon, principal image,
idol



188

ESSENTIAL CHARACTERS • 940–944

൮ TAKU home; to dwell

940 ఫᏯ jnjtaku, a dwelling, housing
6 strokes ⮬Ꮿ jitaku, one‫ތ‬s own home
Ꮿᆅ takuchi, residential land
ඐ!

941
8 strokes TAN; katsu(gu), to carry on the
shoulder; nina(u), to carry; take
එ upon oneself

942 ᢸᯫ tanka, a stretcher
11 strokes ᢸᙜ tantǀ, being in charge (of)
㈇ᢸ futan, burden
ඞ

943
15 strokes TAN; sagu(ru), to search, look for,
explore; saga(su), to search
ඦ
᥈ồ tankynj, search, enquiry,
944 ᥈᳨ research
9 strokes ᥈▱ tanken, exploration,
expedition
tanchi, detection

TAN be born, to give birth

ㄌ⏕᪥ tanjǀbi, birthday
㝆ㄌ kǀtan, holy birth
⏕ㄌ seitan, birth, nativity



DAN, platform, step, grade

㝵ẁ kaidan, steps, stairs
ẁ㝵 dankai, stage, phase, grade
ᡭẁ shudan, a means, way



189

945–949 • ESSENTIAL CHARACTERS

ඤ DAN; atata(kai), warm; atata(meru),
to warm (v.t.); atata(maru), to warm
945 up (v.i.)
13 strokes
ᬮᡣ danbǀ, heating
ඩ ᬮὶ danrynj, warm current
 ᬮ ondan, warm, mild,
946
10 strokes temperate

හ CHI; ne, price; atai, price, value,
merit
947
8 strokes ್ẁ nedan, price
౯್ kachi, value, worth, merit
ළ ᩘ್ snjchi, numerical value

948
8 strokes
CHNj, heaven, sky, space, air
ු
Ᏹᐂ uchnj, the universe, space
949 ᐂ㏉ࡾ chnjgaeri, somersault
11 strokes ⯟ᐂ kǀchnj, space Àight



CHNj, loyalty, faithfulness

ᛅ࿌ chnjkoku, (friendly) advice
ᛅ⩏ chnjgi, loyalty
ᛅᐇ chnjjitsu, faithful



CHO; ichijiru(shii), remarkable,
notable, conspicuous; ara(wasu),
to write (a book)

ⴭ᭩ chosho, book, work
ⴭ⪅ chosha, writer, author
ⴭྡ chomei, famous



190

ESSENTIAL CHARACTERS • 950–954

ෝ CHƿ hall, government of¿ce

950 ᐁᗇ kanchǀ, government of¿ce
5 strokes ⎔ቃᗇ Kankyǀchǀ, Environment

෴ Agency
ᗇ௧ chǀrei, of¿cial ordinance
951
11 strokes

෦ CHƿ; itada(ku), to receive (humble),
be capped; itadaki, top, summit
952
15 strokes 㡬Ⅼ chǀten, zenith, peak

෼ 㡬ࡁ≀ itadakimono, a gift one has

953 received
13 strokes
⤯㡬 zetchǀ, summit (of
ฅ
mountain); zenith
954
12 strokes CHƿ; shio, tide, seawater

₻ὶ chǀrynj, tide, current; trend
‶₻ manchǀ, high tide
₻㢼 shiokaze, sea breeze



CHIN wages, rent

㈤㔠 chingin, wages
ᐙ㈤ yachin, house rent
㟁㌴㈤ denshachin, carfare



TSNj; ita(mu), to feel pain, ache;
ita(i), painful

㢌③ zutsnj, headache
ⱞ③ kutsnj, pain, anguish
③Ⅿ tsnjretsu, severe, bitter,
scathing



191

955–959 • ESSENTIAL CHARACTERS

๐ TEN to open, to exhibit

955 ᒎᮃ㌴ tenbǀsha, observation car
10 strokes Ⓨᒎ hatten, expansion,

ບ development, prosperity
ᒎ♧఍ tenjikai, exhibition
956
10 strokes

๶ Tƿ; u(tsu), to subjugate, to attack

᳨ウ kentǀ, examination,
investigation
ウㄽ
ウ㆟ tǀron, debate
tǀgi, discussion



Tƿ, party, faction

ᨻඪ seitǀ, political party
ඪὴ tǀha, party, faction, clique

957
10 strokes
Tƿ sugar
ດ
◁⢾ satǀ, sugar
958 ⢾ศ tǀbun, sugar content
16 strokes ⢾ᒀ⑓ tǀnyǀbyǀ, diabetes

໅

959 todo(ku), to reach; todo(keru), to
8 strokes forward, to send, to report
Ḟᖍᒆࡅ kessekitodoke, notice of

one‫ތ‬s absence
ᒆࡅඛ todokesaki, receiver‫ތ‬s

address
⾜ࡁᒆࡃ yukitodoku, to be attentive

(to details), to be careful

192

ESSENTIAL CHARACTERS • 960–964

໧ NAN, disaster, dif¿culty; kata(i),
dif¿cult, impossible; muzuka(shii),
960 dif¿cult
18 strokes
㞴◚ nanpa, shipwreck
໳! 㠀㞴 hinan, (adverse) criticism,
censure
961 ᅔ㞴 konnan, dif¿culty,
8 strokes
trouble, suffering
໻
NYNj; chi-, chichi, milk, breasts
962
14 strokes ∵ங gynjnynj, milk
ங〇ရ nynjseihin, dairy products
༐ ங㤳 chikubi/chichikubi, nipple

963
10 strokes
NIN; mito(meru), to see, to
༒ recognize; to approve of, to judge,
to regard (as)
964
11 strokes ᢎㄆ shǀnin, approval, consent,

බㄆ recognition
ㄆ㆑
kǀnin, of¿cial recognition

ninshiki, cognition

Nƿ, NA, Tƿ; osa(meru), to put
away, to pay, to supply, to dedicate,

to obtain, to accept, to put back

⣡ධ nǀnynj, payment, delivery
⣡ᒇ
ฟ⣡ naya, barn

suitǀ, receipts and

disbursements

Nƿ, brain(s)

㢌⬻ zunǀ, brain(s)
୺⬻ shunǀ, focus
⬻㞀ᐖ nǀshǀgai, brain injury



193

965–969 • ESSENTIAL CHARACTERS

༝ HA, group, party, school

ᕥὴ saha, left wing, radical
ὴ㐵 haken, dispatch

965
9 strokes
HAI; oga(mu), to worship, to pray to
༦
ᣏぢ haiken, inspection, looking
966 ᣏၨ
8 strokes over (polite speech)
ཧᣏ
༬ haikei, Dear Sir, Dear

967 Madam, etc. (salutation in a
9 strokes
letter)
༭
sanpai, worship
968
9 strokes HAI; se, the back, stature, behind; sei,
stature, height; somu(ku), to disobey,
༤ rebel; somu(keru), to turn one‫ތ‬s back

969 ⫼ᬒ haikei, background,
10 strokes
setting; af¿liations

⫼୰ senaka, the back

⫼ࡀ㧗࠸ se/sei ga takai, be

tall

HAI, lung(s)

⫵⮚ haizǀ, the lungs
⫵⑓ haibyǀ, lung disease
⫵⅖ haien, pneumonia



HAI amusement; actor

ತྃ haiku, 17-syllable Japanese
verse
ತ࿡ haimi, re¿ned taste
ತඃ haiynj, actor



194

ཻ ESSENTIAL CHARACTERS • 970–974

970 HAN, squad, group
10 strokes ᩆㆤ⌜ kynjgohan, relief squad
సᴗ⌜ sagyǀhan, work squad
྇! ⌜㛗 hanchǀ, squad leader

971
12 strokes
BAN, evening, night
ྏ
௒ᬌ konban, this evening,
972
7 strokes tonight

ྕ ᬌᚚ㣤 bangohan, evening meal,

973 dinner
7 strokes
ᬌᖺ bannen, late in life, evening
ྜྷ
years
974
10 strokes HI; ina, no

ྰᐃ hitei, denial
ᣄྰ kyohi, refusal, rejection
Ᏻྰ anpi, safety, well-being



HI to criticize, to comment on;
to strike

ᢈ㞴 hinan, (adverse) criticism
ᢈホ
ᢈุ hihyǀ, commentary
hihan, comment, criticism



HI secret, mysterious; hi(meru),
to conceal

⛎ᐦ himitsu, a secret
⚄⛎ shinpi, mystery
⛎᭩ hisho, secretary



195

975–979 • ESSENTIAL CHARACTERS

တ FUKU; hara, abdomen, belly; heart,
mind
975
13 strokes ‶⭡ manpuku, full stomach
⭡❧ࡕ haradachi, anger
အ ⭡ษࡾ harakiri, suicide by

976 disembowelment
16 strokes

ူ
FUN; furu(u), to rouse oneself
977
8 strokes ⯆ዧ kǀfun, excitement
ዧ㜚 funtǀ, hard ¿ghting,
ဳ strenuous efforts
Ⓨዧ
978 happun, being inspired,
10 strokes
rousing oneself
ဲ

979
11 strokes HEI; nami(no), common, ordinary;
nara(beru), to place in order;
nara(bu), to form a line/be in line;
nara(bi ni), and

୪ิ heiretsu, a row
᭶୪ࡳ tsukinami (no),

commonplace
୪ᮌ namiki, row of trees

HEI stairs of a palace

㝎ୗ heika, His (Her) Majesty,
Your Majesty

ኳⓚ㝎ୗ tennǀ-heika, His Majesty
the Emperor (of Japan)

ⓚྡྷ㝎ୗ kǀgǀ-heika, Her Majesty
the Empress (of Japan)

HEI; to(jiru), to shut/close (v.t.);
shi(meru), to shut/close (v.t.);
shi(maru), to shut/close (v.i.)

㛢ᗑ heiten, closing a shop
㛢ཱྀ
heikǀ (suru), be
㛢㙐 dumbfounded

heisa, closing, lockout

196

ESSENTIAL CHARACTERS • 980–984

၀ HEN; kata, piece, scrap;
incomplete; one side
980
4 strokes ᩿∦ danpen, fragment, scrap
◚∦ hahen, broken piece,
ၒ splinter (of glass, etc.)
∦ᡭ katate, one hand
981
12 strokes

ၙ HO; ogina(u), to supply, to
compensate (for), to supplement
982
14 strokes ೃ⿵ kǀho, candidacy, candidate
⿵ຓ hojo, assistance,
ၣ supplement, subsidy
⿵⤥ hokynj, supply
983
8 strokes

ၸ BO; ku(re), nightfall, year-end; end;
ku(reru), to grow dark, end; ku(rasu),
984 to make a living
11 strokes
ṓᬽ seibo, end of year, end-

of-year present

ኤᬽࢀ ynjgure, evening
୍ேᬽࡽࡋ hitorigurashi, single life,
celibacy


Hƿ; takara, treasure, riches

ᐆ▼ hǀseki, precious stone, gem
ᅜᐆ kokuhǀ, a national treasure
ᐆ⟽ takarabako, treasure chest



Hƿ; otozu(reru), tazu(neru),
to visit, call on

ゼၥ hǀmon, visit
᮶ゼ raihǀ, visit
ゼ⡿ hǀbei, visiting America



197

985–989 • ESSENTIAL CHARACTERS

ႀ Bƿ, Mƿ to perish, to Àee; na(ki),
the late (of deceased persons);
985 na(kunaru), to pass away, die;
3 strokes na(kusu), to lose (a loved one)

ႆ ஸ࿨ bǀmei, exile
Ṛஸ shibǀ, death
986 ஸࡁ᳃Ặ naki Mori-shi, the late
7 strokes
Mr Mori
ႌ
Bƿ; wasu(reru), to forget, leave
987 behind
12 strokes
ᛀᖺ఍ bǀnenkai, year-end party
Ⴓ ᛀࢀ≀ wasuremono, a forgotten

988 item
8 strokes ≀ᛀࢀ monowasure, forgetfulness

Ⴗ

989 Bƿ, stick, club
13 strokes
㕲Წ tetsubǀ/kanabǀ, iron bar,
crowbar

Წࢢࣛࣇ bǀgurafu, bar graph
⦅ࡳᲬ amibǀ, knitting needle



MAI counter for thin or Àat objects

ᯛᩘ maisnj, number of pages
ᩘᯛ snjmai, a few (sheets of
paper, shirts, etc.)
ᯛᣲ
maikyo, enumerate, count



MAKU, curtain; act (of a play);
BAKU

ᖥษࢀ makugire, fall of the curtain
ᖥෆ makunouchi, high-ranking

sumo wrestlers
ᖥᗓ bakufu, Shogunate



198

ESSENTIAL CHARACTERS • 990–994

დ MITSU dense, ¿ne (of texture);
secret
990
11 strokes ⥥ᐦ menmitsu, detailed,
meticulous
ძ ᐦᗘ mitsudo, density
⛎ᐦ himitsu, a secret
991
13 strokes

ჹ MEI to swear, to pledge

992 㐃┕ renmei, league
14 strokes ྠ┕ dǀmei, alliance
ຍ┕ kamei, joining (an alliance),
ᄟ participation

993
11 strokes
MO, BO mould; to model after
ᅁ
ᶍ⠊ mohan, model, paragon
994 ⦰ᑻᶍᆺ shukushakumokei, scale
11 strokes
model
つᶍ kibo, scale, scope



YAKU, translation; wake, reason,
meaning, circumstances; yaku(suru),
to translate

⩻ヂ honҲyaku, translation
㏻ヂ tsnjyaku, interpretation,

interpreter

ゝ࠸ヂ iiwake, excuse, apology

YNj posthouse, mail

㒑౽ ynjbin, mail, post
㒑౽ᒁ ynjbinkyoku, post of¿ce
㒑㏦ ynjsǀ, transport,

transportation



199

995–999 • ESSENTIAL CHARACTERS

ᄭ YNj excellent; abundant; actor;
yasa(shii), gentle, graceful, kindly;
995
17 strokes sugu(reru), to excel, be superior

ᅌ ඃ㉺ ynjetsu, superiority,
supremacy
996 ඃඛ
5 strokes ತඃ ynjsen, priority
haiynj, actor
ᅧ
Yƿ; osana(i), young, childish,
997 immature
11 strokes
ᗂඣ yǀji, baby, infant
ᅪ ᗂ⹸ yǀchnj, larva
ᗂ⛶ᅬ yǀchien, kindergarten
998
11 strokes

ᅸ YOKU, avarice, desire; hos(suru)
to desire, to wish; ho(shii), want,
999 desire
7 strokes
ḧࡤࡾ yokubari, greedy person,

miser

ḧᮃ yokubǀ, desire

㣗ḧ shokuyoku, appetite

YOKU the next, the following (day,
etc.)

⩣᪥ yokujitsu, the next day
⩣ᖺ yokunen, the next year
⩣ࠎᖺ yokuyokunen, two years later



RAN; mida(reru), to fall into
disorder/disarray, be corrupt;
mida(su), to throw into disorder/
disarray, to disturb, to agitate

ΰ஘ konran, confusion
஘㞧 ranzatsu, disorderly,
confused
཯஘ hanran, rebellion, revolt

200

ESSENTIAL CHARACTERS • 1000–1004

ᅹ RAN; tamago, egg, spawn; budding,
emergent
1,000
7 strokes ༸㯤 ranҲǀ, egg yolk
༸ⓑ ranpaku, albumen, egg
ᅿ
⏕༸ white
1,001
17 strokes namatamago, raw egg

ᆈ

1,002 RAN to see, to look at
13 strokes
㐟ぴ ynjran, sightseeing,
ᆍ excursion

1,003 ᒎぴ఍ tenrankai, exhibition
9 strokes ୍ぴ ichiran, a look, check,

ᆽ summary

1,004
18 strokes
RI; ura, reverse side, back, opposite,
inner, lining

⿬㠃 rimen, back, inside, “behind
the scenes”

⿬௜ࡅ urazuke, backing, support
⿬ᡴࡕ urauchi, backing, lining



RITSU law, degree

ἲᚊ hǀritsu, law
つᚊ kiritsu, order, discipline,

᪕ᚊ regulations

senritsu, melody



RIN; nozo(mu), to face, to meet,
to be present at

⮫⤊ rinjnj, the hour of death
⮫᫬ rinji, special, extra,

⮫ᖍ temporary

rinseki, attendance



201

1005–1006 • ESSENTIAL CHARACTERS

ᇳ Rƿ; hogaraka, clear, bright,
cheerful, melodious
1,005
10 strokes ᮁㄞ rǀdoku, reading aloud,

ሄ ᮁሗ recitation
᫂ᮁ
1,006 rǀhǀ, glad tidings
15 strokes
meirǀ, bright, clear, open-

hearted

RON, argument, opinion, essay

⤖ㄽ ketsuron, conclusion
ウㄽ
⌮ㄽ tǀron, debate, discussion
riron, theory



202

The 2,136
GENERAL-USE CHARACTERS

1 STROKE

‫ێ‬1 ‫ݓ‬ OTSU, second in a series,
page 1
2 STROKES grade B; chic, witty;

strange

ූ 367 ໴ 28
page 74 page 6

ଁ7 ཞ8
page 2 page 2

ࣻ9 ๹ 198
page 2 page 40

ᆡ RYƿ to come to an end, ᆵ 38
to understand page 8

୥ 10
໩2 page 3
page 1

ఱ 39 Ⴠ mata, and, again, also
page 8
203

3 Strokes • GENERAL-USE CHARACTERS

3 STROKES

௬ Jƿ, old unit of length Ⴊ BON generally, all;
ᅇ (3.316 yd.), length; roughly, ordinary
take, height, stature

NjYO; ata(eru), to give, ళ JIN; ha, edge (of a knife,
to award, to supply, to sword, etc.), blade

cause (damage), to

assign (a task)

჈ 227 ಫ 12
page 46 page 3

જ3 ࢒ KYNj; oyo(bi), and;
page 1 oyo(bu), to reach, to
equal, to extend
‫ ݚ‬24
page 5 ৏ 34
page 7

௫ 23 ๲ 19
page 5 page 4

࠷ 101 ઺ 521
page 21 page 105

࢏ 676 ᅄ 54
page 136 page 11

Ÿ k(o), ask, request ൥ 25
page 6
ূ

ႀ 985 ட 41
page 198 page 9
204

GENERAL-USE CHARACTERS • 4 Strokes

ા 40 জ 866
page 9 page 174

౥ 920 Ÿ KIN; towel; width
page 185
ࣨ

ழ 27 ࠍ 840
page 6 page 169

ટ 58 ࢕ 107
page 12 page 22

ರ 59 ਜ਼ 139
page 12 page 28

৙ 59
page 12

4 STROKES

࿤ 600 ᅅ 425
page 121 page 86

ෂ 26 ঱ GO; taga(i), each other,
page 6 one another, mutual


ඌ TAN cinnabar, red; ‫ ۈ‬SEI, SHƿ; i (lit.), well
elixir of life (n.)


ၿ Bƿ; tobo(shii), scanty, র5
short (of food, money) page 2



205

4 Strokes • GENERAL-USE CHARACTERS

‫ގ‬ KAI to come between, ࢽ
߼
to aid; kai(shite), through KYƿ evil, calamity

the good of¿ces of

‫ ڬ‬443 ka(ru), to mow, to reap,
page 89 to prune, to shear, to cut
(hair)



ల 917 ಜ 173
page 184 page 35

ဗ 805 ယ 218
page 162 page 44

਱ 138 Ÿ nio(u), fragrant; scent
page 28
໭
ই 117
page 24 Ÿ Kƿ; be bent

্

ᇿ6 ‫ ݛ‬258
page 2 page 52

৊ 126 ྴ HITSU an equal; HIKI
page 26 suf¿x for counting small
animals, rolls of cloth
‫ ܟ‬50
page 11

ࣾ 282
page 57

໘ 207 ன SHƿ, old unit of capacity
page 42 (3.81 pt.); masu, a unit of
measure



௯ Jƿ waste, uselessness, ঳ 122
surplus page 25


206

GENERAL-USE CHARACTERS • 4 Strokes

ᄛ YAKU, misfortune, ໌ TON barracks
disaster

ᄯ 234 ঊ GEN; maboroshi, vision,
page 47 ෞ phantom

೰ Sƿ, both, pair; to rival;
futa-, a pair
CHƿ; tomura(i), funeral,
condolence; tomura(u),
to condole, to mourn



ཱ 393 ۜ 81
page 79 page 17

େ 898 ఘ 164
page 180 page 33

࿧ 601 ট 120
page 121 page 25

ാ 181 ଴ 35
page 37 page 8

๏ 67
page 14
ૅ 717
page 144

৖ Kƿ hole; extremely; ဦ 77
to pass page 16

๥ TO old unit of capacity
வ 160
page 33 (19.04 qt.), one-to

measure

ଦ 895 ࣪ KIN old unit of weight
page 180 (1.323 lb.)


207

5 Strokes • GENERAL-USE CHARACTERS

ၫ 223 ౉ 16
page 45 page 4

໲ 13 ‫ ݮ‬15
page 3 page 4

ॢ 14 Ÿ tsume, tsuma, claw; nail;
page 3 talon
ธ
ᄄ 17
page 4 Ÿ 216
page 44
࿳

ज़ 496 ၀ 980
page 100 page 197

ો 143 Ÿ GA, GE; kiba, tusk, fang
page 29
‫ޅ‬

྘ 792 ࢥ 108
page 159 page 22

ჽ 230 ॶ 73
page 47 page 15

્ 522 ݄ 47
page 105 page 10

5 STROKES

ဨ HEI, third class, the third ߪ ka(tsu), besides,
in a series, grade moreover, at the same
time



208

GENERAL-USE CHARACTERS • 5 Strokes

ࢎ KYNj; oka, hill ઋ 884
page 177
౦ 344
page 69 ଖ 313
page 63
Ÿ donburi, don, bowl; bowl
of good ๷ 199
቉ page 40

଱ 315 ஐ 907
page 64 page 182

಩ SEN, hermit, wizard ໂ TOTSU convex
ܺ ƿ concave

ᇇ 633
page 127

഼ 354 ୸ 29
page 71 page 6

઱ 301 ࠃ 666
page 61 page 134

࿥ 602 ো 502
page 121 page 101

ൣ 358 ‫ ݡ‬453
page 72 page 91

य 114 ၟ 611
page 23 page 123

209

5 Strokes • GENERAL-USE CHARACTERS

႘ 224 ‫ ۦ‬22
page 45 page 5

཰ 214 ‫ ݢ‬655
page 43 page 132

ಬ SEN; urana(i), divination; গ 121
page 25
urana(u), to divine;

shi(meru), to occupy, to

hold (a seat)

ࢦ 276 ୆ SHNj to capture; captivity,
page 56 slavery, prisoner


ଂ હSHITSU; shika(ru), scold 4
page 1

ਖ 297 ‫ ڗ‬641
page 60 page 129

ࣽ 683 ެ 96
page 137 page 20

ப SHƿ; me(su), honori¿c ܻ 254
for “to wear,” “to page 51
summon”
଄ 529
page 106

ષ 523
page 105

શ 524 ๳ DO manservant, fellow,
page 105 guy

൤ 183
page 37 ໪ NI; ama, nun

210

GENERAL-USE CHARACTERS • 5 Strokes

Ÿ shiri, buttocks, rear end; ྼ 597
hips page 120
ఐ

৚ Kƿ; taku(mi), skill ပ FUTSU; hara(u), to pay,
to clear away, to lop off
(branches), to dispose


ࢨ KYO many, much, huge, ൅ 355
gigantic page 72


੆ 21 ಏ SEKI to drive away, to
page 5 keep away, to refuse
Ÿ
࿫ 799
page 160 ඒ
TAN, DAN; dawn;
morning

ી 144 ࢤ 677
page 29 page 136

ိ 411 ઑ 513
page 83 page 103

ᅌ 996 Ⴢ 615
page 200 page 124

ෝ 950 ჎ 617
page 191 page 124

ঢ় 127 Ⴈ 76
page 26 page 16

၉ 807 ౷ 79
page 162 page 16
211

5 Strokes • GENERAL-USE CHARACTERS

ၚ 222 ౺ 44
page 45 page 9

მ 619 ᅙ 235
page 124 page 48

‫ ܊‬644 ᄻ 421
page 129 page 85

࿉ 401 ৳ Kƿ, grade A, the former;
page 81 back (of the hand); shell
(of a tortoise); KAN



Ÿ HAN; spread out; wide డ 338
page 68
ཷ

୩ JNj; shiru, soup, juice, ๜ 60
gravy page 13


ེ 789 ཆ 53
page 158 page 11

঎ GEN dark, black, ྛ 396
abstruse; heaven; quiet page 80



࣢ 48 ચ 300
page 10 page 61

Ÿ GA; kawara, tile ᄆ 30
page 7
߾

ࠟ KAN; ama(i), sweet,

indulgent, Àattering, ს MU; hoko, halberd

over-optimistic, easy to

deal with

212

GENERAL-USE CHARACTERS • 6 Strokes

ᄚ 145 फ़ 860
page 30 page 173

ಒ 72 ᆏ 37
page 15 page 8

૲ 723 ਮ ko(mu), to be crowded;
page 145 ko(meru), to load (a gun),
to include; to concentrate
ᇏ 436 (on)
page 88
၃ 608
page 122

6 STROKES

ᆤ 434 ࡅ KI; kuwada(te), attempt,
page 87
plan, intrigue;

kuwada(teru), to attempt,

to plan

ഈ 558 ໸ 785
page 112 page 158

ৄ 128 ࣚ GYƿ, Kƿ; ao(gu), to
page 26 ည look up at (to), to ask for;

ॣ 687 ǀ(se), another‫ތ‬s word or
page 138 instructions


FUKU; fu(seru), to turn

over (v.t.), to cover,

to conceal, to lay (an

ambush)

ཤ BATSU to attack, to fell; ස 571
to boast page 115

Ÿ KI, GI; skill ๙ 580
page 117
ࡆ

213

6 Strokes • GENERAL-USE CHARACTERS

࢑ 80 ৑ 869
page 17 page 174

‫ ޏ‬93 ᆁ RI an of¿cial
page 19 ࣁ
๟
‫ ݜ‬656
page 132 KYƿ; sake(bu), to
exclaim, to shout, to cry
೔ 347 for
page 70


TO; ha(ku), to vomit, to

spew, to emit, to confess,

to express

෗ 573 ࢀ KICHI, good luck, good
page 115 omen; KITSU


୤ JNj to ¿ll; a(teru), to allot, ৐ 294
to appropriate page 59



৉ 129 ࢓ 849
page 26 page 170

ಪ 43 ߂ 462
page 9 page 93

ࢼ 484 ਗ 134
page 97 page 27

੔ 706 შ 55
page 142 page 12

म KEI, punishment, penalty ວ 204
page 41

214

GENERAL-USE CHARACTERS • 6 Strokes

ۚ 643 ശ 938
page 129 page 188

ච 772 ૦ 78
page 155 page 16

‫ ޑ‬92 ൮ 940
page 19 page 189

೴ Sƿ powerful, inÀuential, ۧ 829
brave page 166

ଳ 316
੭ 711 page 64
page 143

ණ 184 ‫ ڤ‬242
page 37 page 49

ഽ 180 ૧ 149
page 37 page 30

JIN; tsu(kusu), to render
ྐ HI empress, married స service to; to exhaust, to
princess use up; tsu(kiru), to be
used up

჻ Mƿ, Bƿ arbitrary, ஌ JUN; megu(ru), to go
reckless one‫ތ‬s rounds, to patrol,
to travel about


໵ JO, NYO as if, looking ୋ 320
like; to equal, to reach page 65



৕ 503 ཱི HAN; ho, sail, canvas
page 101

215

6 Strokes • GENERAL-USE CHARACTERS

༃ 20 ࡓ 845
page 5 page 170

໫ NI, two (used in legal ႝ BOKU, simple, plain
documents) ࢘


ૺ 311 KYNj; ku(chiru), to rot,
page 63 to perish, to remain in
obscurity



ຎ 200 ଵ SHU, cinnabar, vermilion
page 41

ႇ Bƿ; isoga(shii), busy ૫ 308
౰ page 62
545
page 110 HAN; pan-
Ÿ

ླྀ

‫ڙ‬ atsuka(u), to deal with, ࿄ 11
ૉ page 3
to receive, to manage,
ඹ 71
to deal in, to work page 15

(manipulate)

SHI; mune, purport,
effect, principle,
command

஄ JUN, period of ten days; ဴ 220
SHUN, in season page 45



࣠ 279 ૑ 75
page 56 page 16

ഁ 56 ࠦ KAN a can
page 12
216

GENERAL-USE CHARACTERS • 6 Strokes

ᅛ 426 ୖ SHNj; fune, boat, ship
page 86

۩ 82 ఋ 162
page 17 page 33

৽ 130 ଑ shiba, turf, grass
page 27
‫ ۔‬imo, taro, Irish potato,
૴ 32 sweet potato, etc.
page 7

໯ 209 ් 74
page 42 page 15

ཛ hada, skin ॠ 288
ᄵ 423 page 58

page 85

਄ 131
page 27

૵ 150 ‫ ۃ‬444
page 31 page 89

૖ 886 ಀ 169
page 178 page 34

Ÿ KYNj; usu, mortar ఻ JIN swift, quick, fast

۱
217
ಧ 755
page 152

7 Strokes • GENERAL-USE CHARACTERS

7 STROKES

Ÿ kushi, spit, skewer ఑ SHIN; no(beru), to extend;
to spread; no(biru),
ऐ to extend, to grow; to
collapse (v.i.); no(basu),
to lengthen, to stretch

ᅸ 999 ୣ 325
page 200 page 66

‫ڃ‬ A, sub~, near~ (used as ൌ 182
pre¿x); Asia page 37

ฝ 575
page 116
ૣ 724
page 145

ൾ tada(shi), but, provided ੼ 141
(that) page 29


ੂ SA to help ᅆ 820
page 165



ળ SHI; ukaga(u), to visit, to ‫ ݝ‬86
཮ ask, to hear page 18

ਞ KOKU to be able to do,
to conquer
HAN, BAN; tomo(nau),
to accompany, to take
with



ཀ HAKU a count, a chief, ૥ 526
elder brother page 106



‫ ڮ‬445 ဪ 606
page 90 page 122

218

GENERAL-USE CHARACTERS • 7 Strokes

Ÿ ᅹ 1,000
page 201
ᄔ YA; melting

ᇊ 634 ദ SOKU at once; namely,
page 127 nothing but; accession
Ÿ
஑ 535
page 108 ᇨ
RO; backbone

཯ 790 ย TEI; tei(suru), to offer
page 159 (congratulations), to
present (a tragic sight)



ᆀ 626 ࣹ GIN; gin(jiru), to recite
page 126 (a poem)


஝ 330 ঴ GO ancient province of
page 67 China


๰ 582 ྏ 972
page 117 page 195

ᇋ REI; hage(mu), to strive, ࠸ GAN; fuku(mu),
to make an effort to contain, to include,
to keep in one‫ތ‬s mouth,
to harbor, to cherish

ᇯ 639 ਠ 507
page 128 page 102

‫ ۇ‬244 ण 285
page 49 page 58

ࢉ KYAKU to reject, to ౅ SUI; fu(ku); to blow,
withdraw to breathe out, to play
(a wind instrument),
to talk big

219

7 Strokes • GENERAL-USE CHARACTERS

‫ ڱ‬446 ൃ DA peaceful, calm
page 90
໹ NIN to conceive, to
ਲ 878 become pregnant
page 176 Ÿ

ూ 167 ᅍ
page 34 Yƿ, aya(shii), attractive;
bewitching

‫ۏ‬ ICHI, one (used in legal კ MYƿ, strange,
documents) mysterious; clever,
admirable


ੲ 394 ৗ 870
page 79 page 175

ႃ Bƿ, sonny, boy, priest, ࠊ 464
priest‫ތ‬s lodge page 93



৓ Kƿ hole, mine pit, cave ୁ JU; kotobuki,
congratulations;
longevity

ࣧ 681 ൎ 356
page 137 page 72

౾ 170 ໶ NYƿ, urine
page 35 ྪ


༸ 211 BI suf¿x for counting
page 43
¿sh; o, tail, ridge, trail

(of a shooting star)

ႄ Bƿ; samata(geru), to ࣟ 280
obstruct, to disturb, to page 57
prevent



220

GENERAL-USE CHARACTERS • 7 Strokes

ࡎ KI fork of a road KI; i(mu), to abhor, to
ࡏ 470 ࡑ detest, to avoid, to taboo;
i(mawashii), odious,
page 95 offensive

஠ 734 ໺ NIN; shino(bu), to endure
page 147 (pain); shino(baseru), to
conceal



ܾ 651
page 131

ஸ SHƿ; toko, bed, alcove; ‫ ޕ‬661
yuka, Àoor page 133


ศ ‫ޚ‬ KAI; imashi(meru), to

Ÿ TEI, public of¿ce admonish, to warn;

ᇲ imashi(me), admonition,

Rƿ, rǀ(suru), warning, lesson
moteaso(bu), play with;
triÀe with ‫ ބ‬833
page 167

ษ 194 ᄋ REI; modo(ru), to return,
page 39
go back; modo(su), to

give back, restore

व 115 ༘ HA bundle, sheaf,
page 24 to grasp

ᄜ 419 ྕ 973
page 84 page 195

ႆ 986 ஼ SHƿ to excerpt; extract,
page 198 excerpt

ૂ 718
page 144 ࿮ FU to help

221

7 Strokes • GENERAL-USE CHARACTERS

ᅦ YOKU to restrain, ౝ sugi, cryptomeria, a
Japanese cedar
to hold down, to stop;
ഺ 62
osa(eru), to hold down, page 13

to restrain ഩ 561
page 113
ৣ Kƿ to resist, to confront


ࡳ 673
page 135

ಠ 551 ௸ 738
page 111 page 148

ຂ 378 ᅰ 237
page 76 page 48

ས BATSU; nu(ku), to pull ࢙ 478
൰ out, to outstrip, to omit, page 96
০ to remove, to capture Ÿ TA; luxury; select

ി YOKU; fertility

TAKU to choose, Ÿ
to select, to sort out
ᅨ


Kƿ; se(meru), to attack,
to assault; se(me), attack



‫ޜ‬ 458 ൲ TAKU; sawa, marsh,
৩ page 92 swamp

SA; sand

Ÿ
੉Kƿ to renew, reform;
sara(ni), again, still more;

fu(keru), to grow late

੮ 511 ‫ ݋‬CHNj; oki, of¿ng, open
page 103 sea


222

GENERAL-USE CHARACTERS • 7 Strokes

Ⴃ BOTSU, rejection (of a ૐ 887
page 178
manuscript); bos(suru),
࢞ 271
to sink, to set (sun), page 55

to die

࡝ 104
page 21

෺ CHIN; shizu(mu), to sink, ृ 855
ड़ to feel depressed page 172
੠
SHƿ to resemble,
to pattern after,
289 ௙ to copy after
page 58
hiji, elbow; arm


707 Ÿ
page 142
ྺ

௻ 739 ࠨ KAN vital point; kimo,
page 148 the liver; pluck, mind



࣎ KYƿ ~addict; kuru(i), ధ 543
disorder, warp; kuru(u), page 109

to go mad, to get out of

order

෨ 61 ᆯ 628
page 13 page 126

ට 42 Ÿ SHIN; wick; core
page 9
న

ଜ 153 ॑ 495
page 31 page 100

୐ SHNj excellent; ၳ Hƿ; kanba(shii), fragrant
to surpass, to excel;
hii(deru), to surpass,
to excel

223

7 Strokes • GENERAL-USE CHARACTERS

‫ ݴ‬70 ଠ 63
page 15 page 13

ॽ 31 భ SHIN bitter, hard, severe;
page 7 ॒ kara(i), pungent, spicy,
hot, salty
ߍ 97
page 20

঒ 118 GEI; muka(eru), to meet,
page 24
to welcome, to invite;
ඇ 135
page 28 muka(e), meeting,

ຜ 379 greeter
page 76
၄ 412
ީ 49 page 83
page 10
ࣷ 113
ಘ 51 page 23
page 11
Ÿ
ഖ 179
page 36 ໗ NA; what

ഫ 36 ၺ Hƿ country, land, Japan
page 8

బ 339 ᆊ 238
page 68 page 48

Ÿ HAN; saka, slope; incline

ੳ

႕ 812
page 163

དྷ 213
page 43
224

GENERAL-USE CHARACTERS • 8 Strokes

8 STROKES

ူ 977 ૤ JI samurai; ji(suru),
page 196 to attend on

໳ 961 ᇉ 635
page 193 page 128

ૢ 309 ‫ ݠ‬KA, good, beautiful
page 62

ࢵ KYƿ to receive, to enjoy ࢷ 850
page 171

ࢶ 110 ઴ 303
page 23 page 61

࿾ BU; anado(ru), to look ჲ MEN exempt;

down upon, to hold in manuka(reru), to avoid,

contempt to be exempt

‫ ݟ‬657 इ 284
page 132 page 57

କ 727 ํ 579
page 146 page 116

ဩ HEI; awa(seru), to २ 688
‫گ‬ amalgamate, to combine page 138
Ÿ
SATSU, SETSU; temple
ያ
I, E to depend on



225

8 Strokes • GENERAL-USE CHARACTERS

ຖ Tƿ to reach, to go or ୯ SHUKU younger brother
come to of one‫ތ‬s parent


ઌ 514 ି 319
page 103 page 64

વ SHI name card; thorn, ଲ 317
౫ splinter; sa(su), to sting, page 64
to pierce, to stab Ÿ
JU; noro(u), spell; curse;
ୀ incantation

744
page 149

ਟ 875 Ⴭ 415
page 176 page 84

ޫ GAI to investigate ჩ 416
thoroughly page 84

ৌ 697
page 140
ୈ 532
page 107

ല 564 ঘ 867
page 113 page 174

൬ TAKU to excel, to ሆ 440
surpass; table, desk page 89

ࢾ 485
page 98
ঙ 501
page 101

ઞ 517 ਡ 136
page 104 page 28
226

GENERAL-USE CHARACTERS • 8 Strokes

ด tsubo, old unit of area ઼ 146
(3.952 sq. yd.) page 30

઻ 304
page 61
ె 918
page 184

ᄕ 232 ‫ ڳ‬245
page 47 page 50

Ÿ ࡠ 471
page 95
໖ NA; what

Ⴇ HON to run, to rush ߔ 45
ၢ page 10
ࡋ
947
Hƿ; hǀ(jiru), to serve, to හ page 190
obey; tatematsu(ru), to
Ÿ EN; a(teru), address
dedicate, to offer
‫ښ‬
KI unusual, rare,
surpassing, strange,
mysterious

౭ SEI, surname, family ୉ 899
name; SHƿ page 180
Ÿ
ࠋ 465
๢ page 94
TO; neta(mu), jealous;
envy

Ⴑ 226 ฤ 371
page 46 page 75

੘ 708 ࡱ GI all right, good, just,
page 142 proper, natural


227

8 Strokes • GENERAL-USE CHARACTERS

ଌ 312 ড় 295
page 63 page 60

ၣ 983 ࿬ 603
page 197 page 121

ஶ SHƿ; nao, furthermore, ฦ 576
yet page 116


໅ 959 ๑ 195
page 192 page 40

औ KUTSU; kus(suru), to ‫ܤ‬ 831
ࢧ page 167
ߕ yield to, to be daunted,
GEN, tsuru, string (for
to bend musical instruments),
bowstring, chord
678 ঋ
page 136

Ÿ ya; all the more;
increasingly
GAKU; take (lit.), peak, ᄙ
mountain



გ misaki, cape, promontory श 492
page 99

࠹ 267 ౮ SEI to subjugate
page 54

Ÿ oka, hill, knoll ྒ HI; kare, he; ka(no), that

݊

࠾ 102 ܽ 652
page 21 page 131

228

GENERAL-USE CHARACTERS • 8 Strokes

༄ 590 Ⴡ MATSU to erase, to rub
page 119 ࢪ


ළ 948 KYO, KO to depend on,
page 190
to be based on, to hold;

foundation, ground,

authority

࿭ FU to fear, to be afraid; གྷ HAKU, HYƿ to clap;
‫ޖ‬ kowa(i), frightening, ൱ musical time, beat
afraid


TAKU clearing,
KAI, mystery, apparition; reclamation; production
of copies by rubbing
aya(shii), suspicious;

aya(shimu), to doubt,

to suspect

౯ 745 ྖ HI open
page 150

ႈ Bƿ chamber, house; ߄ 835
fusa, cluster, tuft, fringe page 168



ஒ 328 ෆ CHNj to draw out, to pull
page 66

ࢩ KYO; koba(mu), to ห TEI to touch, to go
refuse, to decline, to against
resist, to deny

஻ 736 ඐ 941
page 148 page 189

‫ޛ‬ KAI to falsify, kidnap ಝ SETSU, tsutana(i),
clumsy, unskillful,
Ÿ inexpert

ᖷ RATSU, ras(suru), drag ৤ Kƿ to catch, to affect, to
along; kidnap adhere to


229

8 Strokes • GENERAL-USE CHARACTERS

஽ 735 ಑ SEKI to divide, to tear,
ၨ page 148 to break

Hƿ; da(ku), to hug;
ida(ku), to hold (a belief); Ⴓ 988
kaka(eru), to employ, page 198
hold

༦ 966 ሌ waku, frame, spindle,
ܿ page 194 ༩ limit



ƿ; o(su), to push, HAI, suf¿x for counting
to press; o(shi), inÀuence,
cupfuls, glassfuls, etc.;
audacity; osa(eru),
sakazuki, sake cup
to repress

ၪ 414 ౙ SNj pivot, vital point,
page 83 center
Ÿ makura, pillow

݀
Ÿ

ƿ; Àourishing, successful,

Ⴙvigorous

ਹ KON elder brother, ᆹ 64
page 13
posterity; sometimes used

for its sound value

‫ ڹ‬647 ૊ 719
page 130 page 144

ಐ 346 ௄ 536
page 70 page 108

ீ SHƿ to rise, to go up; ‫ ݪ‬454
nobo(ru), to ascend, to page 91
rise
ྲྀ 395
page 80

ც 228
page 46

230

GENERAL-USE CHARACTERS • 8 Strokes

ຄ 201 ဖ FUTSU; wa(ku), to boil,
page 41 to seethe, to ferment (v.i.)

݂ ƿ Europe
ၐ 221
‫ ܨ‬832
page 45 page 167

က 802
page 161
ཅ HAKU; to(maru), to stay
overnight, to stop over;
to(meru), to lodge (v.t.)



૭ 527
page 106

݃ ƿ to beat, to strike; ༜ 387
nagu(ru), to strike, page 78
to beat

ຽ 588
page 118 ‫ ݭ‬658
page 132

࣍ KYƿ state of things; still ෉ 365
more page 74

࢛ 479
‫ ܋‬252 page 96
page 51

ை SHƿ; numa, swamp, ฽ DEI; doro, mud
marsh, bog


ྙ HITSU, HI to ooze out ᄧ 422
page 85

ၮ Hƿ; awa, foam, bubbles ၭ 612
page 123

231

8 Strokes • GENERAL-USE CHARACTERS

ᇫ RO, ¿replace, hearth, ෸ 192
smelting furnace page 39



‫ ܪ‬EN to burn; hono-o, ඪ 186
Àame, blaze page 38

ొ SUI; ta(ku), to cook, ૏ SHI blessing, happiness
to boil

ཹ 791 ࡟ KI; ino(ru), to pray, to
page 159
invoke, to wish; ino(ri),

prayer, wish

႞ 614 ໃ TOTSU, sudden; tsu(ku),
page 123 to pierce, to thrust, to
strike, to attack



ဘ 410 ऋ 66
page 83 page 14

Ÿ SO; nera(u), aim at; stalk ଞ 314
page 63
ೠ

Ÿ GAN; play, take pleasure ႏ Bƿ fat, grease, tallow
in
࠻

‫ ކ‬91 ૔ SHI limbs
page 19

โ 578 ৾ Kƿ to consent, to agree;
ჿ page 116 daringly, boldly

Mƿ; mekura, blindness, Ÿ
blind person; ignorance
দ KO; mata, thigh; crotch;
yarn; strand

232

GENERAL-USE CHARACTERS • 8 Strokes

‫ ۋ‬247 ं 283
page 50 page 57

ྠ 793 Ÿ KO; tora, tiger
page 159
঩

ဎ 408 ࿍ 402
page 82 page 81

ॼ KEN; kata, shoulder ๋ TETSU to change places
with; by turns


ै KEI; kuki, stalk, stem ୺ 731
page 147

ჺ MO; shige(ru), to grow ཋ HAKU; sema(ru),
thick, to grow rank to press, to urge, to draw
near



‫ ވ‬457 ู TEI mansion, residence
page 92

࿔ BYƿ; nae, seedling, ଣ JA, wrong, injustice, evil
sapling
Ÿ

‫ݵ‬ SAI; form, appearance
Ÿ

KA; iji(meru); saina(mu), ੡
torment, scold

ଭ 896 ࣸ 18
page 180 page 4

ܑ 449 ෳ 189
page 90 page 38
233

9 Strokes • GENERAL-USE CHARACTERS

ᄑ 231 ۫ 69
page 47 page 14

Ÿ FU; hill; mound ಆ 52
page 11
࿼

೫ SO steep; to separate, ྥ 794
to obstruct; haba(mu), page 159
to obstruct, to hinder



࿽ FU to stick to, ಈ SEI equal, similar
to adhere to



9 STROKES

෋ CHNj heart, sincerity ୻ SHUN to be excellent, to
surpass, to be high

௮ 336
page 68 ब 286
page 58

ผ TEI, restaurant, pavilion ఓ SHIN; oka(su), to invade,
to violate
Ÿ

ᆝ RYO; companion; ၆ 610
follower page 123

৆ Kƿ feudal lord; marquis ഭ ZOKU customs,
manners; vulgar

ണ SOKU; unaga(su), ఒ 544
to urge page 109



234

GENERAL-USE CHARACTERS • 9 Strokes

။ 808 ‫ݕ‬ oro(su), to sell wholesale;
page 162 ᆸ oroshi, wholesale

ࠁ KAN; kanmuri, crown

RIN, old unit of money
ഥ 764 (0.001 yen); old unit
page 153 of length (about 0.0119
in.)

ৎ 698
page 140

੽ SAKU; kezu(ru), to shave ஞ JO, preface; jo(suru),
೐ to describe, to confer
(wood), to sharpen, (a rank) upon

to delete, to curtail

177 Ÿ IN; choked; smothered
page 36
ۘ

Ÿ BOTSU; suddenness; rise ੷ sa(ku), to bloom, to
‫ڇ‬ blossom
Ⴂ CHOKU Imperial edict

෶
AI; awa(re), pathos,

misery, pity; awa(remu),

to feel pity for

ᄮ 622 ࿚ 405
page 125 page 82

ྎ HI; iya(shii), base, vulgar, ޼

low-lived; iya(shimeru), kaki, fence, hedge

to despise

໤ 208 ळ 493
page 42 page 99

ඍ 569 ௱ 914
page 114 page 183
235

9 Strokes • GENERAL-USE CHARACTERS

ဿ 609 ಮ 925
page 122 page 186

ऴ KEI; chigi(ru), to pledge, ‫ ݎ‬256
to promise page 52


೵ 930 ຳ tǀge, mountain pass,
page 187 ridge, peak, crisis



ۛ IN to get married ࣄ KYƿ gorge, ravine



ઽ 888 ࠆ 841
page 178 page 169

‫ ڴ‬I majestic, solemn; ล TEI emperor, sovereign,
to threaten Mikado



ছ KO orphan; solitary, ే SUI to command an army
alone

ଆ 152 ᄱ YNj faint, profound, quiet
page 31

ಭ 924 ๱ 377
page 185 page 76

ࢊ 270 ८ 498
page 55 page 100

စ FNj, seal; fnj(jiru), ঞ KO, arc
to prevent, to enclose,
to blockade, to seal;
Hƿ ¿ef

236

GENERAL-USE CHARACTERS • 9 Strokes

൒ 357 Ÿ SATSU; be imminent
page 72
઎

ᆍ 1,003 ਙ Gƿ to beat, to strike
page 201

ষ 123 ߣ KATSU to fasten, to bind,
page 25 to tie up

൓ TAI; okota(ru),
to neglect, nama(keru), అ SHOKU; fu(ku), nugu(u),
Ÿ to be lazy wipe; mop; swab

‫ܥ‬ ෣ CHƿ; ido(mu), to
࣊ challenge, to strive
EN, ON; ura(mu),
ura(mi), ura(meshii),
grudge, resentment

๴ DO; ika(ru) (lit.), KYƿ; hasa(mu), to put
to get angry; oko(ru), (hold) between; hasa
to get angry
(maru), to be sandwiched

between

࢖ 272 ୎ 321
page 55 page 65

ૃ 147 ૩ 310
page 30 page 63

ਸ਼ KON; ura(mi), spite, ૄ 305
‫ޗ‬ page 62
grudge; ura(mu), to bear
౱ 746
a grudge; ura(meshii), page 150

hateful

KAI; ku(iru), to regret;

kuya(mi), condolence;

kuya(mu), to mourn,

to repent

ৡ Kƿ always, eternal ঠ 694
page 139

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