15th NDSSC 2023 Conference Booklet

01 Organised by : Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya. 8:00a.m. - 5:00p.m. Institute of Research Management & Monitoring (IPPP), Universiti Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur 17th of June 2023 YABhg. Toh Puan Dato' Seri Hajjah Dr. Aishah Ong Officiated by: pro-canselor, universiti malaya Supported by:

03 06 07 14 Program Schedule Sponsors Welcome Messages 19 Abstracts Organizing Committee 15th NDSSC 2023 Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya.

15th NDSSC 2023 ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Advisor Patron Chairperson Scientific Program & Events Committee Treasury Secretary II Secretary I Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya. Dr. Anand Ramanathan (Head) Members Assoc. Prof. Dr. Jacob John Chiremel Chandy Dr. Ainol Haniza Binti Kherul Anuwar Dr. Cheah Chia Wei Dr. Enas Abdalla M. Etajuri Dr. Hany Mohamed Aly Ahmed Dr. Karen Ng Lee Peng Dr. Karthick Sekar Dr. Mohideen Salihu Farook Dr. Muralithran Govindan Kutty Dr. Nur Fauziani Binti Zainul Abidin Dr. Nurul Aliaa Binti Ahmad Fauzi Dr. Wan Maria Nabillah Binti Wan Abdul Ghani Dr. Zakiah Mat Ripen Pn. Etrie Yanthie Syahril Students Year 5 Adriana Shahirah Eleena Syuhada Students Year 3 Amanda Cheong Swee Yee Ethan Thing Sheng Students Year 2 Chan Hua Enn Students Year 1 Koh Wei Li Kwang Zhen Ting Tan Siao Xuan Ting Jia Hui Dr. Siti Amalina Inche Zainal Abidin (Head) Members Dr. Noorhidayah Zainal Aalam Dr. Zubaidah Binti Zanul Abidin Cik Aini Nadia Che Gani Pn. Khairun Izzati Zainal Asrar Pn. Noor Hafizah Zakaria Pn. Siti Nur Farah Mohd Rowi Students Year 5 Shafira Binti Mohd Zairi Students Year 2 Sharlini Baskaran Tanujaa a/p Karti Kesan Assoc. Prof. Dr. Azwatee Abdul Aziz (Head) Members Assoc. Prof. Dr. Noor Azlin Yahya Dr. Nora Sakina Mohd Noor Dr. Nur Diyana Mohamed Radzi Norhayati Mat Nur Syahirah Adnan Nurhafidzan Ahmad Students Year 5 Faris Azim b Mohd Zuhairi Students Year 2 Hannah Praveena Jaskiran Kaur Gill Nur Arrissa Aqilla Shahriman Phi Yi Ting Shelby Ngooi Xin Min Students Year 1 Soh Eng Shian Registration Committee Prizes & Certificates Committee Prof. Dr. Zamri Radzi (Dean) Assc. Prof. Dr. Wan Nurazreena Wan Hassan Assoc. Prof. Dr. Chen Yeng En. Azbullah Che Ibrahim Pn. Naquiah Adibah Othman Pn. Asiah Ishak (Head) Al-Ardiyanah Ag Mokhtar Norshida Manan Nur Afizasazura Shihabuddin 03

Dr. Syarifah Nur Syed Abd Rahman (Head) Members Dr. Adyani Azizah Abd Halim En. Mohd Anuar Zainon En. Mohd Faizul Mat Jusoh En. Sulaiman Mustafa Pn. Amutha Shanmugam Pn. Faraliza Alias Pn. Kamsiah Majeed Pn. Nik Zainab Nik Hussin Pn. Norhayati Adris Pn. Rohaidah Binti Hashim Students Postgraduate Zahra Khairunnisa Students Year 1 Adam Danial bin Mohd Khairi Amira Najihah binti Mohamed Mubasheer Damia Firzanah binti Saiful Adli Muhammad Qurratul Aqyun bin Mohd Rosly Muhammad Za’im Imran Bin Hairulnizam Nurul Firdaus bin Omar Nur Izzatul Syazwani binti Suhaimi Raja Anis Shahira binti Raja Azlan Shah Syaza Nadhirah binti Kamarul Nizam Syazwan Iskandar bin Saari Pn. Nur Zulaikha Zaki (Head) Members En. Muhammad Azrar Haqkimi Bin Abd Rashid Pn. Hazwani Abd Rahman Pn. Nurmarziana Aizie Mohd Yazid Pn. Nurul Khairyah Abas Matron Zairin Syahrazad Zaini (Head) Members Matron Hasdharina Johari SN Norfarahidayu Mohd Yunos SN Rosfaiza Mohamed Yusof DSA Abdul Sollahudin Abdul Rahman Dr. Maryani Mohamed Rohani (Head) Members Dr. Aisyah Ahmad Fisal En. Abdull Zainol En. Hafizan Bin Pal En. Izzul Arif Rosli En. Mohamed Hafizee Mohd Zulkarnain En. Mohd Afif Abu Bakar En. Noor Haffizal Rashid En. Rosli Taha Pn. Ain Farhani Mahmad Pn. Nur Syuhaidah Jailani Dr. Amir Hazwan Bin Abdul Rahim (Head) Members En. Abdul Qayum Bin Bohari En. Abdul Rahim Bin Abdul Hamid En. Abdul Rahman Bin Mohamed En. Mohammad Firdaus Abd Rahman Pn. Siti Zubaidah Makhtar Students Year 3 Amanda Cheong Swee Yee Ethan Thing Sheng Students Year 2 Chan Hua Enn Students Year 1 Koh Wei Li Dr. Jazli Aziz (Head) Members En. Farid Aizat Bin Mohamed Cik Syafiqah Abd Malek Pn. Helen Lee Ching Pn. Intan Suhana Hamid Pn. Nuzaimah Ideris Pn. Siti Nurul Mardhiah Students Year 1 Bibi Nur’aisyah binti Jamaluddin Chan Hui Yin Grace Teo Zhi Qian Hafizatul Amirah Binti Muhamad Nurma Lean Poh Qi Muhammad Afham Al-Alim Bin Mohd Shafawi Muhammad Farhan Bin Azhar Muhammad Zaim Adam Bin Mokhtar Ng Mee Yin Nur Khadijah Thahirah binti Rahimin Affandi Nur Khairunnisa Ahmad Ramzi Samuel Tang Chok Loong Yong Thong Sim Dr. Wan Izlina Wan Ibrahim (Head) Members En. Muhammad Fairos bin Jenal Pn. Siti Zubaidah Makhtar Students Year 5 Ang Hui Yi Students Year 2 Nur Qistina binti Rahaime Yasmin Shahira Binti Hairul Students Year 1 Carman Liew Ian Yu Dr. Lau May Nak (Head) Members En. Abdull Zainol En. Ahmad Azwan Azman En. Rozaini Abdul Rahim 15th NDSSC 2023 ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Publicity, Web & Publication Committee Protocol Committee Audiovisual Commitee Emergency, Safety and Health Committee Logistic Committee Exhibition Committee Assoc. Prof. Dr. Yeoh Onn Take (Head) Members Prof. Dr. Ngeow Wei Cheong Assoc. Prof. Dr. Lim Ghee Seong Pn. Thamilarasi Thanaperumal Dr. Mohd Zamri Hussin (Head) Students Year 5 Tan Siok Lian 04

15th NDSSC 2023 ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Food & Beverages Committee Souvenir Sales Sponsorship Committee Talent Corporation Committee 05 Dr. Syarifah Nur Syed Abd Rahman (Head) Members Dr. Adyani Azizah Abd Halim En. Mohd Anuar Zainon En. Mohd Faizul Mat Jusoh En. Sulaiman Mustafa Pn. Amutha Shanmugam Pn. Faraliza Alias Pn. Kamsiah Majeed Pn. Nik Zainab Nik Hussin Pn. Norhayati Adris Pn. Rohaidah Binti Hashim Students Postgraduate Zahra Khairunnisa Students Year 1 Adam Danial bin Mohd Khairi Amira Najihah binti Mohamed Mubasheer Damia Firzanah binti Saiful Adli Muhammad Qurratul Aqyun bin Mohd Rosly Muhammad Za’im Imran Bin Hairulnizam Nurul Firdaus bin Omar Nur Izzatul Syazwani binti Suhaimi Raja Anis Shahira binti Raja Azlan Shah Syaza Nadhirah binti Kamarul Nizam Syazwan Iskandar bin Saari Pn. Nur Zulaikha Zaki (Head) Members En. Muhammad Azrar Haqkimi Bin Abd Rashid Pn. Hazwani Abd Rahman Pn. Nurmarziana Aizie Mohd Yazid Pn. Nurul Khairyah Abas Matron Zairin Syahrazad Zaini (Head) Members Matron Hasdharina Johari SN Norfarahidayu Mohd Yunos SN Rosfaiza Mohamed Yusof DSA Abdul Sollahudin Abdul Rahman Dr. Maryani Mohamed Rohani (Head) Members Dr. Aisyah Ahmad Fisal En. Abdull Zainol En. Hafizan Bin Pal En. Izzul Arif Rosli En. Mohamed Hafizee Mohd Zulkarnain En. Mohd Afif Abu Bakar En. Noor Haffizal Rashid En. Rosli Taha Pn. Ain Farhani Mahmad Pn. Nur Syuhaidah Jailani Dr. Amir Hazwan Bin Abdul Rahim (Head) Members En. Abdul Qayum Bin Bohari En. Abdul Rahim Bin Abdul Hamid En. Abdul Rahman Bin Mohamed En. Mohammad Firdaus Abd Rahman Pn. Siti Zubaidah Makhtar Students Year 3 Amanda Cheong Swee Yee Ethan Thing Sheng Students Year 2 Chan Hua Enn Students Year 1 Koh Wei Li Dr. Jazli Aziz (Head) Members En. Farid Aizat Bin Mohamed Cik Syafiqah Abd Malek Pn. Helen Lee Ching Pn. Intan Suhana Hamid Pn. Nuzaimah Ideris Pn. Siti Nurul Mardhiah Students Year 1 Bibi Nur’aisyah binti Jamaluddin Chan Hui Yin Grace Teo Zhi Qian Hafizatul Amirah Binti Muhamad Nurma Lean Poh Qi Muhammad Afham Al-Alim Bin Mohd Shafawi Muhammad Farhan Bin Azhar Muhammad Zaim Adam Bin Mokhtar Ng Mee Yin Nur Khadijah Thahirah binti Rahimin Affandi Nur Khairunnisa Ahmad Ramzi Samuel Tang Chok Loong Yong Thong Sim Dr. Wan Izlina Wan Ibrahim (Head) Members En. Muhammad Fairos bin Jenal Pn. Siti Zubaidah Makhtar Students Year 5 Ang Hui Yi Students Year 2 Nur Qistina binti Rahaime Yasmin Shahira Binti Hairul Students Year 1 Carman Liew Ian Yu Dr. Lau May Nak (Head) Members En. Abdull Zainol En. Ahmad Azwan Azman En. Rozaini Abdul Rahim Assoc. Prof. Dr. Yeoh Onn Take (Head) Members Prof. Dr. Ngeow Wei Cheong Assoc. Prof. Dr. Lim Ghee Seong Pn. Thamilarasi Thanaperumal Dr. Mohd Zamri Hussin (Head) Students Year 5 Tan Siok Lian

Time Programme (Auditorium) 8:00 am to 8:30 am Registration/Reception 8:30 am to 9:00 am Arrival of VIP 9:00 am to 9:10 am National Anthem, UM & Faculty Song, Doa Recital 9:10 am to 9:30 am Opening Remarks by Dean Faculty of Dentistry UM, Vice-Chancellor UM, Pro-Chancellor UM 9:30 am to 9:45 am Opening Ceremony and Photo Session 9:45 am to 10:00 am Morning break Parallel Session Auditorium Seminar 1 Seminar 2 AV Conference Room 10:00 am to 12:10 pm RESEARCH ROUNDUP (10 Minutes Oral Presentation Event) 10:00 am to 12:10 pm RESEARCH ROADMAP (On-Site Poster Presentation Event) 10:00 am to 12:10 pm TABLE TALK (Table Clinic Event) 10:00 am to 11:00 am ART on WAX (Wax Carving Event) 12:10 pm to 12:40 pm Viewing & Voting of DIGITAL DENTAL DERBY (Videography Event) & CAPTURE THE MOMENT (Photography Event) 12:30 pm to 1:30 pm QUIZ MASTER COMPETITION (Quiz Event) 11:30 am to 12:30 pm WILDLIFE WIRES (Wire Bending Event) 12:30 pm to 1:30 pm Judging of ART on WAX (Wax Carving Event) & WILDLIFE WIRES (Wire Bending Event) 12:40 pm to 1:30 pm FAST & FURIOUS (3 Minutes Oral Presentation Event) *E-POSTER BLITZ (e-Poster Event: Non-Competing) Will be played throughout the conference time on dedicated e-poster display panels 1:30 pm to 2:30 pm (LUNCH) Auditorium Dewan Dining Room 1:30 pm to 2:00 pm Viewing & Voting of Top 10 of DENTech2023- DEV (Dental Education Video) competition Viewing & Voting of Top 5 of DENTech2023- 3D DYDC(Design Your Dental Clinic) competition 1:30 pm to 2:30 pm Viewing & Voting of Top 10 of DENTech2023 - DEV (Dental Education Video) competition Viewing & Voting of Top 5 of DENTech2023 - 3D DYDC (Design Your Dental Clinic) competition 2:00 to 2:20 pm Title: Enamel Erosion and how it links to Dentine Hypersensitivity Amber Lee - Haleon 2:20 pm to 2:30 pm THE DIAGNOSIS DASH(Spot Diagnosis Challenge) 2:30 pm to 3:10 pm FUSION FEST (Talent show) 3:10 pm to 3:40 pm Title: Building Successful Private Dental Practice Dato’ Dr. Wong Ruen Yuan Drs. Wong & Partners Dental Surgeons 3:40 pm to 4:10 pm Title: : The tools of the future: Addressing the grand challenges of dentistry in society in the next 25 years Winthrop Professor. Marc Tennant University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia. 4:10 pm to 4:20 pm Tea Break 4:20 pm to 5:15 pm Prize Giving Ceremony 5:15 pm to 5:30 pm Closing Remarks / End Session

07 Welcome Messages

Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya. Message from the Pro-Vice Chancellor of Universiti Malaya I would like to express my gratitude to the Dean and NDSSC organizers, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, for hosting this auspicious event. The aims of this conference are to enhance the exchange of ideas, collaboration and knowledge in the field of dentistry among dental students in this country. It is an important platform for sharing of experiences using technologies in clinical practice and research activities, which may also initiate collaboration discussions between participants. It is indeed an avenue for all dental researchers and practitioners to share their experience and future research insight that will enlighten the future of oral health care towards enhancing evidence-based decisions in the oral health care delivery system. With the theme "Crystalizing the Future of Dental Science: Igniting Innovation and Excellence", this conference is very significant, indeed timely and would be impactful for the future generation of dentists in this country. Their research initiative, innovative skills and knowledge already reflect the urgent need for us to train our undergraduate students dynamically for the future. Our goal is to build a generation of dentists for the nation and the world which can incorporate the latest technologies and research findings in their clinical practice - a skill-based and holistic approach to develop potential individuals to fulfil the country's aspirations. I believe that the sharing of views and experiences as well as best practices throughout this conference will help chart the way forward for us in developing a better higher education ecosystem, particularly in strengthening the talent among the participants who are from the field of dentistry. Once again, my deepest gratitude to all involved. Your determination, dedication and commitment will ensure the success of this event. I wish the participants all the best and hope that you will have a fruitful conference. Yang Amat Berbahagia Toh Puan Dato’ Seri Hajjah Dr. Aishah Ong Pro-Chancellor Universiti Malaya 08

Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya. Message from the Vice Chancellor of Universiti Malaya I would like to congratulate the organizing committee of 15th NDSSC for organizing this event. It is through their hard work and perseverance that this conference is a reality. Online learning and meetings had been the norm for us for more than 2 years now- it is time that we gather again physically to progress our research skill and knowledge at a greater speed. Despite having to deal with changes in the learning mechanism, the dental team had managed to go one step further in conducting a full-blown national-level conference by gathering all the dental students from all over the country in Universiti Malaya. A big thank you to Smile Link Healthcare E Global Berhad, HALEON, Osstem Malaysia Sdn Bhd, Q&M Dental Surgery (Selatan) Sdn Bhd, and MBD Marketing Sdn Bhd for your support in this conference. It is always good to have our industrial partners to show interest in the progress of our dental students. Hopefully this collaboration will continue in the future and together, Universiti Malaya with the help of these industrial giants will be able to pave the way for producing future health leaders. I was told that the theme for this year’s conference would be ‘Crystalizing the Future of Dental Science: Igniting Innovation and Excellence ". I’m happy to see that the dental industry is being revolutionized today by advances and innovation in digital dentistry that allow professionals to work more efficiently: new and stronger materials used for dental treatment, utilizing 3-D printing that can turn models into solid objects. Dentistry is a profession which prides itself on being on the cutting edge of both scientific research and technology. I am proud to see our dentists in Malaysia being taught to always to look forward towards to new advancements. The approach of evidence- based dentistry is to shift focus away from intuition, anecdote, and received wisdom, and instead toward the conclusions derived from rigorous clinical research. Prevention and evidence-based care have become key concepts for improving the quality of oral health. This national conference is the right avenue to start a revolution of sharing of knowledge, skills and research ideas to derive new discoveries in dentistry. Just like our proud university’s motto: “Ilmu Punca Kemajuan”, we first need knowledge before we can make progress. I do hope that all the participants of this conference will not only to try to gain as much knowledge as much as possible, but also take the chance to share their views and experiences. Together, we can shape a better world for our future. From the itinerary that was provided to me, I can see many interesting topics being presented in the conference. I am glad that we will be hearing not only from distinguished speakers in the field, but almost 250 undergraduate students from Universiti Malaya and other institutions presenting various research projects, skills and talents. Finally, I would like to once again express my gratitude and congratulations to the Honorable Dean of Faculty of Dentistry, and the organizing committee for successfully organizing the 15th National Dental Student Scientific Conference. Thank you for inviting me to be a part of this conference. I wish you all a good day and best of luck to all the participants who are competing in the conference. Professor Dato’ Ir. Dr. Mohd. Hamdi Abd. Shukor Vice-Chancellor Universiti Malaya 09

Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya. Message from the Dean, Faculty of Dentistry Universiti Malaya First and foremost, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to all of you who participate in our upcoming event, the 15th NDSSC. Your presence definitely underscores your commitment to the pursuit of knowledge, innovation, and collaboration. This conference will serve as a platform for sharing groundbreaking research, exploring new frontiers, and fostering meaningful connections among dental researchers from around the country. The theme of this year’s conference, “Crystalizing the Future of Dental Science: Igniting Innovation and Excellence", is a testament to our collective determination to address the pressing challenges of our time. It reflects our unwavering belief in the power of research to transform societies, bring innovation, and upscale our skills, creativity and knowledge. On this day, I am sure that we will witness engaging presentations, thought-provoking discussions, and invaluable networking opportunities. This conference represents an interdisciplinary gathering of experts from various fields and specializations. We will have participants from academia and students of public and private universities around the country, all of whom bring diverse perspectives and expertise. Such diversity sparks innovation, encourages cross-pollination of ideas, and nurtures the collaborative spirit that lies at the heart of scientific advancement. Throughout this event, you will have the opportunity to learn from the brightest minds in dentistry, engage in stimulating conversations, and forge partnerships that can lead to groundbreaking discoveries. We have carefully curated a rich program of research presentations, dentistry-related activities, and competitions to ensure a truly enriching experience for all of us. I would like to extend my heartfelt appreciation to our esteemed VVIP and invited Deans who have graciously agreed to share their insights and expertise with us. Their invaluable contributions will undoubtedly inspire and motivate us to push the boundaries of our research endeavors. Furthermore, I would like to express my gratitude to our dedicated chairperson and organizing committee. Their tireless efforts and generous support have been instrumental in bringing this conference to fruition. Without their commitment and enthusiasm, this event would not have been possible. Lastly, I encourage each and every one of you to actively participate in the conference proceedings, seize every opportunity to connect with fellow researchers, and embrace the spirit of collaboration. Your contributions and interactions on that day will undoubtedly shape the trajectory of future research and have a lasting impact on the global scientific community. Once again, I extend my warmest welcome to all of you. Let us embark on this exciting journey of knowledge exchange, exploration, and discovery. Thank you. Professor Dr. Zamri Bin Radzi Dean Faculty of Dentistry Universiti Malaya 10

Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya. Message from the Deputy Dean (Undergraduate) Faculty of Dentistry Universiti Malaya Welcome to the 15th National Dental Students’ Scientific Conference. It is a proud moment to be able to see highly motivated, intelligent, and hard-working dental students of the nation congregate in this event where they will be able to compete, share knowledge and ideas, as well as strengthen the relationship between dental institutions across Malaysia. This year’s conference theme “Crystalizing the Future of Dental Science: Igniting Innovation and Excellence" encompasses the prime values in our budding dentists. In this meeting of distinction, you will find a delightfully enriching program that will engage participants in all aspects. This platform would let us see our youth perform to their full potential and wave their institutional flag in a race to raise as the champion. It is hoped that you can use the opportunity of this meeting to forge strong collaborations beyond this day, build new friendships and work together in driving creativity, solving future problems in dentistry as you grow to be the leaders in the field. Last but not the least, I would like to take this opportunity to thank all those involved in making today an unforgettable event; the Deans Council for supporting UM as this year’s host; the endless dedication from the organizing committee to ensure a smooth and enjoyable experience for all; the strong support from our sponsors who continuously believe in cultivating dental students; the dental student bodies, Malaysian Dental Students Association and the Universiti Malaya Dental Society (DENSOC) for promoting the event across Malaysia; and our participants, the dental students, for the spirit of healthy competition. Thank you. Associate Professor Dr. Wan Nurazreena Wan Hassan Deputy Dean (Undergraduate) Faculty of Dentistry Universiti Malaya 11

Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya. Message from the Chairperson of 15th National Dental Students' Scientific Conference This is the time of the year again - our dental students from all over the country will take center stage at this 15th National Dental Students' Scientific Conference held at the Institute of Research Management & Monitoring (IPPP), Universiti Malaya (UM). We are proud to announce that for the second time after 14 years, UM will host this auspicious event. This annual conference is an excellent opportunity for dental students from all over Malaysia to connect, interact, and network with their peers from other dental schools. The theme for this year's conference is "Crystalizing the Future of Dental Science: Igniting Innovation and Excellence", and it promises to be an engaging and thought-provoking event. Our theme will definitely resonate with many in the field of research. Research itself is a creative and innovative activity; requiring researchers to think outside of the box. We learn to be creative and innovative by experimenting, exploring, questioning assumptions, using imagination and synthesizing information. All events in this conference will give great opportunities for dental students to flex their creative and innovative minds beyond the boundaries of traditional teaching methodologies. Without doubt, this conference is meant for all dental students. We will spare no expense to prepare the stage, but it is going to be their moment in the limelight. The day will be the ultimate culmination of all their hard work for the past few years. As they present their findings and showcase their knowledge and skills for all to see, their dedication and commitment to dentistry will be evident. Everyone is waiting with bated breath to witness all this on that special day. I wish all participants the best of luck and hope that they will cherish this precious experience for some time to come. Finally, I would like to take this opportunity to thank all the members of the organizing committee, volunteers, and sponsors for their valuable time and contributions to this event, without which this event would not be a reality. They are the best and can perform miracles within such a short period! I look forward to seeing you at the conference! Associate Professor Dr. Chen Yeng Chairperson of 15th National Dental Students' Scientific Conference 12

Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya. Message from the President of Universiti Malaya Dental Student Society Dear Esteemed Professors/Doctors/Dental Students and Distinguished Guests, On behalf of the Universiti Malaya Dental Student Society (UM DENSOC), it is my utmost pleasure to extend a warm and sincere welcome to all participants attending the 15th National Dental Students Scientific Conference (NDSSC) 2023. Under the theme "Crystalizing the Future of Dental Science: Igniting Innovation and Excellence," this year's conference promises to be an exceptional gathering for dental students nationwide, marking the much-awaited return of the NDSSC in its physical form after the Covid-19 pandemic. While the main highlight of the conference remains the research competitions, we have expanded the horizons to encompass a variety of innovative and exciting activities, allowing students to showcase their diverse talents in fields beyond dentistry. We believe that nurturing well-rounded individuals who excel not only in their academic pursuits but also in other areas of interest will contribute to a brighter and more vibrant future for dental science. From captivating “Art on Wax” and Wire Bending, exhilarating talent performances to thought-provoking entrepreneurial ideas through “Design Your Dental Clinic”, there is something for everyone to embrace and explore. I encourage everyone to seize this invaluable opportunity to engage, learn, and connect with fellow dental students, esteemed faculty members, and renowned experts in the field. Embrace the chance to learn from one another, share your own experiences, and forge meaningful connections that will endure beyond the confines of this event. On behalf of the student organizing committee, I would like to extend our deepest gratitude to the main organizing committees, sponsors, faculty members, and the dental community for their unwavering support. Without their generosity and guidance, this conference would not have been possible. Once again, join us as we embark on a crystal celebration, marking the joyous 15-year anniversary of the National Dental Students Scientific Conference, a testament to our dedication in igniting excellence in dentistry. Sincerely, Tan Siok Lian President Universiti Malaya Dental Student Society Session 2022/2023 13

14 Sponsors

We thank you for your support of our programme Platinum Sponsor Gold Sponsor Silver Sponsor Bronze Sponsor Trophies Plaques 15 In-kind Sponsorship

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1. Research Roundup Abstracts 19 15th National Dental Students Scientific Conference (15th NDSSC), 2023 Date: 17th (Saturday) June 2023 Venue: AUDITORIUM, Institute of Research Management & Monitoring IPPP, Universiti Malaya. RESEARCH ROUNDUP SCHEDULE No. Time Presenters University Title Supervisors OP1 10:00 am - 10:10 am Amy Chai Ming Hui Aqilah Iman Mohd Ghazali SEGI COMPARISON OF TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTRIC NERVE STIMULATION (TENS), OCCLUSAL SPLINTS, AND GUIDED HOME EXERCISES FOR THE TREATMENT OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT (TMJ) CLICKING: A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL. OP2 10:10 am - 10:20 am Kirthana Shankari, Parveen Kaur a/p Basant Singh MUCM KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE TOWARDS DENTAL ERGONOMICS OF UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS FROM FACULTY OF DENTISTRY, MANIPAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE MALAYSIA Dr.Karthik Kannaiyan Prof.Dr.Htoo Htoo Kyaw Soe OP3 10:20 am - 10:30 am Lauretta Maria Rayan, Amirah Zahidah Bt Roslan LUC THE PERCEPTION OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC EFFECT ON THE SOCIO-ACADEMIC INTERACTION AMONG PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS’ UNDEGRADUATE DENTAL STUDENTS IN KLANG VALLEY OP4 10:30 am - 10:40 am Punitha Segar, Lee Cheng Han MAHSA GENDER AND RACIAL DETERMINATION USING THE PALATAL RUGAE PATTERN AMONGST MAHSA UNIVERSITY DENTAL STUDENTS Prof Dr Phrabhakaran Nambiar, Dr Narendra Prakash Rai OP5 10:40 am - 10:50 am Tharani A/P Elancovan Appu Valentina Goh Pui Nee AIMST PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF NOVEL ALGIN INCORPORATED BIOCERAMIC-BASED ROOT CANAL SEALER OP6 10:50 am - 11:00 am Sarah Shafiqah bt Mohd Azam, Rabi’atul Qaiyisyah bt Mohammad Ozir IIUM UNDERSTANDING THE PERCEPTION OF COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE (CAM) IN TREATING CANCER AMONG MALAYSIAN MUSLIM COMMUNITY Nor Adilah Binti Harun Khairul Bariah Binti Chi Adam Mohd Haikal Muhammad Halil OP7 11:00 am - 11:10 am Chew Ming Ann Masturina Anati IMU IN-VITRO ANALYSIS OF ADULT ENAMEL CRYSTAL ORIENTATION AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AFTER THE INCORPORATION OF STRONTIUM FLUORIDE Dr. Umer Daood OP8 11:10 am - 11:20 am Yeo Yi Wei Cheng Poh Jun UKM INFLUENCE OF CHEWING ABILITY ON THE COGNITIVE FUNCTION OF OLDER PATIENTS OP9 11:30 am - 11:40 am Amirul Hakim Ahmad Lutepi, Aaisyah Naadhirah Mohd Zaid USIM STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION OF GAMIFICATION IN LEARNING ORTHODONTICS OP10 11:40 am - 11:50 am Kee Zi Qin Kong He Xin PIDC AN EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTION AIMED AT IMPROVING DENTAL STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS HIV/AIDS PATIENTS OP11 11:50 am - 12:00 pm Tan Siok Lian, Ang Hui Yi UM CLINICAL WEAR 3D ANALYSIS OF CENTION-N RESTORATIVE MATERIAL: A THREE-YEAR STUDY Muaiyed Mahmoud Buzayan Prema Sukumaran OP12 12:00 pm - 12:10 pm Fateen Nur Nadjwa Bt A Rahman, Najla Adriana Bt Abdul Rahim UiTM EFFECTS OF HOLOTHURIA LEUCOSPILOTA EXTRACT ON THE HEALING PROCESS OF TRAUMATIC ORAL ULCER

20 RESEARCH ROUNDUP 15th NDSSC 2023 ( 10 Minutes Oral Presentation Event) Venue: Auditorium, Institute of Research Management & Monitoring IPPP, Universiti Malaya 17th (SaturdayJune 2023 15th National Dental Students Scientific Conference (15th NDSSC), 2023 Date: 17th (Saturday) June 2023 Venue: AUDITORIUM, Institute of Research Management & Monitoring IPPP, Universiti Malaya. RESEARCH ROUNDUP SCHEDULE No. Time Presenters University Title Supervisors OP1 10:00 am - 10:10 am Amy Chai Ming Hui Aqilah Iman Mohd Ghazali SEGI COMPARISON OF TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTRIC NERVE STIMULATION (TENS), OCCLUSAL SPLINTS, AND GUIDED HOME EXERCISES FOR THE TREATMENT OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT (TMJ) CLICKING: A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL. OP2 10:10 am - 10:20 am Kirthana Shankari, Parveen Kaur a/p Basant Singh MUCM KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE TOWARDS DENTAL ERGONOMICS OF UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS FROM FACULTY OF DENTISTRY, MANIPAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE MALAYSIA Dr.Karthik Kannaiyan Prof.Dr.Htoo Htoo Kyaw Soe OP3 10:20 am - 10:30 am Lauretta Maria Rayan, Amirah Zahidah Bt Roslan LUC THE PERCEPTION OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC EFFECT ON THE SOCIO-ACADEMIC INTERACTION AMONG PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS’ UNDEGRADUATE DENTAL STUDENTS IN KLANG VALLEY OP4 10:30 am - 10:40 am Punitha Segar, Lee Cheng Han MAHSA GENDER AND RACIAL DETERMINATION USING THE PALATAL RUGAE PATTERN AMONGST MAHSA UNIVERSITY DENTAL STUDENTS Prof Dr Phrabhakaran Nambiar, Dr Narendra Prakash Rai OP5 10:40 am - 10:50 am Tharani A/P Elancovan Appu Valentina Goh Pui Nee AIMST PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF NOVEL ALGIN INCORPORATED BIOCERAMIC-BASED ROOT CANAL SEALER OP6 10:50 am - 11:00 am Sarah Shafiqah bt Mohd Azam, Rabi’atul Qaiyisyah bt Mohammad Ozir IIUM UNDERSTANDING THE PERCEPTION OF COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE (CAM) IN TREATING CANCER AMONG MALAYSIAN MUSLIM COMMUNITY Nor Adilah Binti Harun Khairul Bariah Binti Chi Adam Mohd Haikal Muhammad Halil OP7 11:00 am - 11:10 am Chew Ming Ann Masturina Anati IMU IN-VITRO ANALYSIS OF ADULT ENAMEL CRYSTAL ORIENTATION AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AFTER THE INCORPORATION OF STRONTIUM FLUORIDE Dr. Umer Daood OP8 11:10 am - 11:20 am Yeo Yi Wei Cheng Poh Jun UKM INFLUENCE OF CHEWING ABILITY ON THE COGNITIVE FUNCTION OF OLDER PATIENTS OP9 11:30 am - 11:40 am Amirul Hakim Ahmad Lutepi, Aaisyah Naadhirah Mohd Zaid USIM STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION OF GAMIFICATION IN LEARNING ORTHODONTICS OP10 11:40 am - 11:50 am Kee Zi Qin Kong He Xin PIDC AN EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTION AIMED AT IMPROVING DENTAL STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS HIV/AIDS PATIENTS OP11 11:50 am - 12:00 pm Tan Siok Lian, Ang Hui Yi UM CLINICAL WEAR 3D ANALYSIS OF CENTION-N RESTORATIVE MATERIAL: A THREE-YEAR STUDY Muaiyed Mahmoud Buzayan Prema Sukumaran OP12 12:00 pm - 12:10 pm Fateen Nur Nadjwa Bt A Rahman, Najla Adriana Bt Abdul Rahim UiTM EFFECTS OF HOLOTHURIA LEUCOSPILOTA EXTRACT ON THE HEALING PROCESS OF TRAUMATIC ORAL ULCER

21 ORAL PRESENTATION ABSTRACTS OP-1 COMPARISON OF TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTRIC NERVE STIMULATION (TENS), OCCLUSAL SPLINTS, AND GUIDED HOME EXERCISES FOR THE TREATMENT OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT (TMJ) CLICKING: A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL. Amy Chai Ming Hui1*, Aqilah Iman bin Ghazali1 , Bassam Hamoud Yahya Obied1 , Anthony A/L David1 , Alexander Wong Shen Yen1 1 Faculty of Dentistry, SEGi University Background: Temporomandibular joint clicks without pain is one of the most common complaints that patients report. However, there are still lack of conservative treatments given to these patients. Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of the three treatment modalities on the TMJ clicks and to compare any significant difference in the outcomes. Materials and methods: The study design is a randomized controlled trial with 3 parallel treatment groups of 20 subjects each. The study was conducted in the Faculty of Dentistry, SEGi University Kota Damansara. The frequency, maximum mouth opening (MMO), and interincisal distance when clicking happens were recorded before(baseline) and 3 months after the interventions. The 3 intervention groups are: Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulus (TENS), Occlusal Splint, and Guided Home Exercises. Results: Results showed a statistically significant improvement in TMJ clicks in the Occlusal splint group and the Guided home exercise group as compared to the TENS group. (P<0.001) There is a significant difference between baseline and post-treatment values in all three groups. A significant reduction seen in the frequency of TMJ clicks after all (3) interventions. (P<0.001) However, the MMO was not statistically significant (P=0.729) as there is not much improvement post-treatment. In contrast, the interincisal difference when TMJ clicks occur showed significant change. (p=0.014). Conclusion: All (3) treatment modalities have significant effects on TMJ clicks and can be used as a therapeutic technique, with the occlusal splints and the guided home exercises being the most effective. Keywords: Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation (TENS), Occlusal splint, Guided home exercise, Temporomandibular joint clicking. 15th National Dental Students Scientific Conference (15th NDSSC), 2023 Date: 17th (Saturday) June 2023 Venue: AUDITORIUM, Institute of Research Management & Monitoring IPPP, Universiti Malaya. RESEARCH ROUNDUP SCHEDULE No. Time Presenters University Title Supervisors OP1 10:00 am - 10:10 am Amy Chai Ming Hui Aqilah Iman Mohd Ghazali SEGI COMPARISON OF TRANSCUTANEOUS ELECTRIC NERVE STIMULATION (TENS), OCCLUSAL SPLINTS, AND GUIDED HOME EXERCISES FOR THE TREATMENT OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT (TMJ) CLICKING: A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL. OP2 10:10 am - 10:20 am Kirthana Shankari, Parveen Kaur a/p Basant Singh MUCM KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE TOWARDS DENTAL ERGONOMICS OF UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS FROM FACULTY OF DENTISTRY, MANIPAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE MALAYSIA Dr.Karthik Kannaiyan Prof.Dr.Htoo Htoo Kyaw Soe OP3 10:20 am - 10:30 am Lauretta Maria Rayan, Amirah Zahidah Bt Roslan LUC THE PERCEPTION OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC EFFECT ON THE SOCIO-ACADEMIC INTERACTION AMONG PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS’ UNDEGRADUATE DENTAL STUDENTS IN KLANG VALLEY OP4 10:30 am - 10:40 am Punitha Segar, Lee Cheng Han MAHSA GENDER AND RACIAL DETERMINATION USING THE PALATAL RUGAE PATTERN AMONGST MAHSA UNIVERSITY DENTAL STUDENTS Prof Dr Phrabhakaran Nambiar, Dr Narendra Prakash Rai OP5 10:40 am - 10:50 am Tharani A/P Elancovan Appu Valentina Goh Pui Nee AIMST PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF NOVEL ALGIN INCORPORATED BIOCERAMIC-BASED ROOT CANAL SEALER OP6 10:50 am - 11:00 am Sarah Shafiqah bt Mohd Azam, Rabi’atul Qaiyisyah bt Mohammad Ozir IIUM UNDERSTANDING THE PERCEPTION OF COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE (CAM) IN TREATING CANCER AMONG MALAYSIAN MUSLIM COMMUNITY Nor Adilah Binti Harun Khairul Bariah Binti Chi Adam Mohd Haikal Muhammad Halil OP7 11:00 am - 11:10 am Chew Ming Ann Masturina Anati IMU IN-VITRO ANALYSIS OF ADULT ENAMEL CRYSTAL ORIENTATION AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AFTER THE INCORPORATION OF STRONTIUM FLUORIDE Dr. Umer Daood OP8 11:10 am - 11:20 am Yeo Yi Wei Cheng Poh Jun UKM INFLUENCE OF CHEWING ABILITY ON THE COGNITIVE FUNCTION OF OLDER PATIENTS OP9 11:30 am - 11:40 am Amirul Hakim Ahmad Lutepi, Aaisyah Naadhirah Mohd Zaid USIM STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION OF GAMIFICATION IN LEARNING ORTHODONTICS OP10 11:40 am - 11:50 am Kee Zi Qin Kong He Xin PIDC AN EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTION AIMED AT IMPROVING DENTAL STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS HIV/AIDS PATIENTS OP11 11:50 am - 12:00 pm Tan Siok Lian, Ang Hui Yi UM CLINICAL WEAR 3D ANALYSIS OF CENTION-N RESTORATIVE MATERIAL: A THREE-YEAR STUDY Muaiyed Mahmoud Buzayan Prema Sukumaran OP12 12:00 pm - 12:10 pm Fateen Nur Nadjwa Bt A Rahman, Najla Adriana Bt Abdul Rahim UiTM EFFECTS OF HOLOTHURIA LEUCOSPILOTA EXTRACT ON THE HEALING PROCESS OF TRAUMATIC ORAL ULCER

22 OP-2 KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE TOWARDS DENTAL ERGONOMICS OF UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS FROM FACULTY OF DENTISTRY, MANIPAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE MALAYSIA Parveen Kaur A/P Basant Singh1, Kirthana Shankari1 Supervisors: Dr.Karthik Kannaiyan2, Prof.Dr.Htoo Htoo Kyaw Soe3 1Year 5 Students, Faculty of Dentistry, Manipal University College Malaysia 2Department of Prosthodontics, Manipal University College Malaysia 3Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Manipal University College Malaysia Background: The nature of the dental profession generally makes students and practitioners susceptible to work-related musculoskeletal disorders. If ergonomic principles are applied in their daily clinical work it may help them to prevent future occupational ergonomic health hazards. Objective: This study was aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice towards dental ergonomics of undergraduate students from the Faculty of Dentistry, Manipal University College Malaysia (MUCM). Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate students from the Faculty of Dentistry, MUCM using a predesigned self-administered questionnaire. Knowledge, attitude, and practice were assessed by 16, 5, and 6 questions, respectively. The study involved 207 dental students from years 2, 3, 4, and 5. Results: The majority of the participants were aged 20-22 years old (73.99%), with more than half being females (73.36%). The study found that most of the year 2 students had poor knowledge (78.8%), a negative attitude (53.8%), and bad practices (96.2%) towards dental ergonomics. Moreover, a majority of students had fair knowledge of dental ergonomics in years 3 (46.7%), 4 (57.6%) and 5 (37.3%). In general, students from years 3 (82.2%), 4 (76.3%), and 5(72.5%) had a positive attitude towards dental ergonomics; however, most of the students from year 3 (95.6%), 4 (89.8%) and 5 (94.1%) had bad practice in dental ergonomics. It was noted that there was a significant association between knowledge and attitude(p<0.001), knowledge and practice(p<0.001), and attitude and practice(p=0.011) in all the academic years. Conclusion: Most students had fair knowledge and a positive attitude towards dental ergonomics whilst a high proportion of students had bad practices. Keywords: dental ergonomics, knowledge, attitude, practice, musculoskeletal disorders

23 OP-3 THE PERCEPTION OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC EFFECT ON THE SOCIO-ACADEMIC INTERACTION AMONG PRIVATE INSTITUTIONS’ UNDEGRADUATE DENTAL STUDENTS IN KLANG VALLEY Amirah Zahidah Bt Roslan1 Lauretta Maria Rayan1 1 Faculty of Dentistry, Lincoln University College Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in lockdown and life restrictions worldwide. Social and academic are some of the sectors affected by the lockdown during the pandemic. Aim: This study assesses the perception of undergraduate dental students from private institutions around the Klang Valley area towards COVID-19 Pandemic. Methodology: A cross-sectional questionnaire was conducted among 217 participants from the age group of 19 to 27 years old from private institutions’ undergraduate dental students in Klang Valley. An online questionnaire was distributed to 217 undergraduate dental students. Questionnaire consists of questions related to the effect of COVID-19 pandemic towards several aspects including social and academic. The data were collected using a self-structured questionnaire and were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27.0. Results: Of 217 participants, 124 were female and 92 were male with the majority of the participants aged between 21 – 25 years old. Participants agree on the perception towards COVID-19 Pandemic Effect on Socio-academic Interaction. The participant found that elearning was close to the reality of their learning environment throughout the curfew period. This can be attributed to the design of learning activities being suitable for the capabilities and expectations of participants. Conclusion: ‘Low online education infrastructure’ had the most cumulative percentage with 90.3%. Findings relating to spiritual aspects of participants’ lives confirmed that they perceived less on their appreciation of life and death. The negative factor ‘fear of burden on others when infected’ is the least perceived by the participants.

OP9 11:30 am - 11:40 am Amirul Hakim Ahmad Lutepi, Aaisyah Naadhirah Mohd Zaid USIM STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION OF GAMIFICATION IN LEARNING ORTHODONTICS OP10 11:40 am - 11:50 am Kee Zi Qin Kong He Xin PIDC AN EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTION AIMED AT IMPROVING DENTAL STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS HIV/AIDS PATIENTS OP11 11:50 am - 12:00 pm Tan Siok Lian, Ang Hui Yi UM CLINICAL WEAR 3D ANALYSIS OF CENTION-N RESTORATIVE MATERIAL: A THREE-YEAR STUDY Muaiyed Mahmoud Buzayan Prema Sukumaran OP12 12:00 pm - 12:10 pm Fateen Nur Nadjwa Bt A Rahman, Najla Adriana Bt Abdul Rahim UiTM EFFECTS OF HOLOTHURIA LEUCOSPILOTA EXTRACT ON THE HEALING PROCESS OF TRAUMATIC ORAL ULCER 24 OP-4 GENDER AND RACIAL DETERMINATION USING THE PALATAL RUGAE PATTERN AMONGST MAHSA UNIVERSITY DENTAL STUDENTS Cheng Han Lee, Segar Punitha, Bao Xuan Phuah, Jia Lynn Liew, Nuruljannah Nor Azmi3 , Prof Dr Phrabhakaran Nambiar1 , Dr Narendra Prakash Rai2 1 Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University 2 Department of Dental Radiology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University 3 Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University Background: With the increasing popularity of 3-D intraoral scanners, its potential in palatal rugoscopy is ever-growing. There are many variations of the palatal rugae of which the trends in Malaysia are yet to be determined. Objectives: This study evaluated differences in palatal rugae patterns between gender as well as among different racial groups in MAHSA University dental students. This study also evaluated differences between two recording methods, conventional impressions and 3-D intraoral scans. Materials and Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design, 152 participants’ data were collected through 3-D intraoral scans and conventional impressions. The data was analysed using Thomas and Kotze (1983) classification to study the difference in palatal rugae patterns and lengths, followed by statistical analysis using IBM SPSS Version 26. Results: Significant difference in the unification of palatal rugae and the number of primary rugae present was found between the two genders. Females predominantly had a diverging pattern of rugae patterns compared to males [p=0.009 (Right), p=0.004 (Left); p<0.05]. In addition, females had a higher mean number of primary rugae (7.88±1.77) when compared to males (7.20±1.70) (p=0.022, p<0.05). For males, wavy patterns were seen more within Malay and Indian samples, whereas Chinese samples had wavy and curved patterns seen in almost equal proportion (p=0.044, p<0.05). Finally, comparisons made using superimposition showed a negligible difference between 3D intraoral scans versus conventional impressions. Conclusion: Variations in palatal rugae patterns were observed between the different gender and races thus it can be useful as an adjunct in forensic odontology. Keywords: Palatal rugae pattern, 3-D intraoral scans, conventional impressions, Malaysia

OP9 11:30 am - 11:40 am Amirul Hakim Ahmad Lutepi, Aaisyah Naadhirah Mohd Zaid USIM STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION OF GAMIFICATION IN LEARNING ORTHODONTICS OP10 11:40 am - 11:50 am Kee Zi Qin Kong He Xin PIDC AN EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTION AIMED AT IMPROVING DENTAL STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS HIV/AIDS PATIENTS OP11 11:50 am - 12:00 pm Tan Siok Lian, Ang Hui Yi UM CLINICAL WEAR 3D ANALYSIS OF CENTION-N RESTORATIVE MATERIAL: A THREE-YEAR STUDY Muaiyed Mahmoud Buzayan Prema Sukumaran OP12 12:00 pm - 12:10 pm Fateen Nur Nadjwa Bt A Rahman, Najla Adriana Bt Abdul Rahim UiTM EFFECTS OF HOLOTHURIA LEUCOSPILOTA EXTRACT ON THE HEALING PROCESS OF TRAUMATIC ORAL ULCER 25 OP-5 PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF NOVEL ALGIN INCORPORATED BIOCERAMIC-BASED ROOT CANAL SEALER Tharani Elancovan Appu1 , Vasunthra Baskaran1 , Valentina Goh Pui Nee1 , Tee Yu Jie1 , Wong Qiao Wen1 , Galvin Sim Siang Lin1 1 Department of Dental Materials, Faculty of Dentistry, Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology (AIMST) University, 08100, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia Background: Root canal sealer is used to create a hermetic seal in the root canal system. Different types of root canal sealer materials may affect the quality of root canal treatment. Objective: To compare the flow, film thickness and pH value of novel algin incorporated bioceramic root canal sealer (Bio-G) with commercially available BioRoot RCS (BRS). Materials and methods: Four groups of sealer materials were prepared: Group A – 0% algin Bio-G; Group B – 3% algin Bio-G; Group C – 5% algin Bio-G; and BRS. The flow (n=40) and film thickness (n=40) were assessed based on the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 6876/2012 specification, whereas the pH (n=40) of each sealer group was measured using a pH meter at different time intervals of 3, 24 and 72 hours while maintaining in an incubator of 37⁰C. Data were analysed using One-Way ANOVA complemented by Tukey HSD test with a significant level of 0.05. Results: Group A has greater flowability followed by BRS, Group B, and Group C, but no significant difference (P>0.05) noted among Group A, Group B, and BRS. Besides, BRS shows significantly greater (P<0.05) film thickness than Group B and A, but no significant difference (P>0.05) with Group C. Although BRS exhibited the highest pH value (P<0.05), all groups demonstrated an increased in pH over time (P<0.05). Conclusion: The present novel algin incorporated bioceramic based root canal sealer revealed comparable flow, film thickness with increasing pH over time. All sealers confirmed to ISO Standard except Group C in flowability test. Keywords: physicochemical properties, root canal sealer.

OP9 11:30 am - 11:40 am Amirul Hakim Ahmad Lutepi, Aaisyah Naadhirah Mohd Zaid USIM STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION OF GAMIFICATION IN LEARNING ORTHODONTICS OP10 11:40 am - 11:50 am Kee Zi Qin Kong He Xin PIDC AN EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTION AIMED AT IMPROVING DENTAL STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS HIV/AIDS PATIENTS OP11 11:50 am - 12:00 pm Tan Siok Lian, Ang Hui Yi UM CLINICAL WEAR 3D ANALYSIS OF CENTION-N RESTORATIVE MATERIAL: A THREE-YEAR STUDY Muaiyed Mahmoud Buzayan Prema Sukumaran OP12 12:00 pm - 12:10 pm Fateen Nur Nadjwa Bt A Rahman, Najla Adriana Bt Abdul Rahim UiTM EFFECTS OF HOLOTHURIA LEUCOSPILOTA EXTRACT ON THE HEALING PROCESS OF TRAUMATIC ORAL ULCER 26 OP-6 UNDERSTANDING THE PERCEPTION OF COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE (CAM) IN TREATING CANCER AMONG MALAYSIAN MUSLIM COMMUNITY Sarah Shafiqah Binti Mohd Azam1*, Rabi’atul Qaiyisyah Binti Mohammad Ozir1 , Nor Adilah Binti Harun2 , Khairul Bariah Binti Chi Adam2 , Mohd Haikal Muhammad Halil3 1 Dental student, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia 2 Lecturer, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Diagnosis, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia 3 Lecturer, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia Background: The emergence of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) either integrating or replacing conventional treatment has become a trend worldwide. More than 50% of the world population take part in CAM usage. Objective: This research aimed to determine the perception of the Muslim population towards complementary and alternative medicine in treating cancer. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between July 2022 to November 2022 and recruited 259 Muslim respondents aged 18 years and above using a self-administered online questionnaire distributed through social media. Results: 73.4% of CAM users were mainly female (63.2%), Malay (98.4%), healthy (79.5%), single (65.3%), and at tertiary educational level (91.6%). More than 75% were influenced by family (90.5%), mass media (79.5%), and friends (71.6%). 70.7% of the participants were likely to consider taking CAM to treat cancer yet were unsure (44.8%) if using CAM might delay cancer treatment or diagnosis. Discussion: Most of the participants considered using CAM in cancer treatment as they saw cancers as incurable and felt hopeless with the cancer conventional therapy’s side effects. Some were found to prefer shamanism to cure disease rather than conventional medical treatment. Conclusion: The number of CAM users was significantly high in the Malaysian Muslim community. Most used CAM as a result of being influenced by their surroundings. The subjects agreed the use of CAM in cancer treatment should be in conjunction with conventional treatment and regarded as supportive treatment. Keywords: Perception, CAM, Treat, Cancer, Muslim

27 OP-7 In-vitro analysis of adult enamel crystal orientation and mechanical properties after the incorporation of strontium fluoride Chew Ming Ann, Masturina Anati, Dr. Umer Daood Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, International Medical University Background: To evaluate the effect of strontium cation incorporation into adult enamel on the hydroxyapatite crystals’ mechanical properties and orientation. Methods: 84 enamel blocks were prepared where they were demineralised and then divided into seven groups. Each group was soaked in their respective solutions (1% strontium fluoride (SrF), 0.5% strontium fluoride (SrF), 1% strontium (Sr), 0.5% strontium (Sr), 1% fluoride (F), 0.5% fluoride (F), and distilled water) for 1 week. They were then analysed using SEM, Hysitron Nanoindenter, Raman spectroscopy and TEM analysis. Result: TEM images showed solid-like agglomerates with sizes around 100 nm in control groups. The agglomerates were larger (>650 nm) in 0.5% and 1% SrF. The typical enamel Raman spectrum presented sharp and prominent peaks at 960 cm-1 arising from v1 PO43 bands for all groups. The bands for v1 PO43 groups were at increased intensities in 1% SrF > 0.5% SrF > 1% F > 0.5% F specimens. The SEM-EDX analysis identified a distinct increased deposit of calcium phosphate minerals and hydroxyapatite in the 0.5% SrF specimens. The Hysitron analysis demonstrated a significant trend (p<0.05) of higher surface hardness observed in 0.5% SrF >1% SrF > F > Sr > control group. The mean surface hardness of the enamel for 0.5% SrF specimens was significantly higher than all groups (p<0.05) Conclusion: The elemental composition of minerals in enamel changed after SrF treatment (mainly 0.5% concentration) resulting in enhanced enamel remineralisation and increased mean enamel hardness. The results are suggestive of a potent formulation which can be successfully used inside orthodontic adhesives. Keywords: Dental enamel, strontium, fluoride, tooth remineralization, enamel crystal orientation

28 OP-8 INFLUENCE OF CHEWING ABILITY ON THE COGNITIVE FUNCTION OF OLDER PATIENTS Yeo Yi Wei 1 , Cheng Poh Jun 1 , Tanti Irawati Rosli 2 , Atika Ashar 3 1 Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2 Department of Family Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 3 Department of Craniofacial Diagnostic and Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Background: As the global elderly population continues to grow, there has been a heightened focus on preventing and treating geriatric diseases, as well as raising awareness about the significant challenges posed by dementia, a cognitive impairment. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the influence of chewing ability on the cognitive function of older patients. Materials and method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 76 older patients aged 60 and above receiving treatment at the Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Their oral health conditions were examined clinically. Chewing ability was evaluated using Masticatory Performance Evaluating Chewing Gum (XYLITOL®), and cognitive status was measured using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) questionnaires. A score of 23 or below is generally considered indicative of cognitive impairment. Results: The mean number of teeth present was 11.6 ± 10.24, with 30.3% having total tooth loss. A lower MMSE score (<24) was found in 23.7% of the respondents. A significantly higher percentage of respondents with a reduced number of teeth and poor chewing ability had lower MMSE scores. A reduced number of teeth and poor chewing ability were significantly associated with cognitive decline among older adults. A low positive correlation was also found between the number of remaining teeth and the MMSE score (r=0.331; p<0.05), while the chewing ability score had a moderate positive correlation with the MMSE score (r=0.594; p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggested the importance of maintaining an optimum number of natural and functional dentitions into old age for healthier cognitive function. Keywords: Cognitive function; Mini Mental State Examination; Chewing ability; Elderly

29 OP-9 STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION OF GAMIFICATION IN LEARNING ORTHODONTICS Aaisyah Naadhirah Mohd Zaid, Amirul Hakim Ahmad Lutepi, Noor Sam Ahmad1 , Asma Alhusna Abang Abdullah2* 1Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, UKM. 2Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, USIM Background: Modern teaching uses more innovative technologybased techniques that encourage active learning. Gamification, which incorporates game elements, is one of the techniques that has been suggested. Objective: This study explores the perception of dental undergraduate students towards gamification in learning Orthodontics. Materials and methods: This prospective cross-over study was conducted on 130 undergraduate dental students. Students’ general perceptions of gamification were assessed using a 9-item validated online survey. They were then randomly assigned to either the conventional method of orthodontic quiz using Microsoft Form (MsF) or gamified method via Genially game (GM). After a 2-week washout period, they were crossed over. Subjects’ perceived experiences and preferences were evaluated using a validated online survey. Results: Most subjects (81–86%) preferred online gamification learning over conventional in-class quizzes due to enjoyment and flexibility in terms of repetitiveness, time, and place. After experiencing both methods, more subjects felt that the gamified quiz significantly improved their knowledge (86%) than the traditional quiz (66%) (p<0.05). Out of 12 other learning issues assessed, most subjects (>80%) rated high for seven issues in GM but none in MsF. When comparing the two methods, gamification in learning Orthodontics was significantly preferred over the conventional method in nine out of 13 learning issues (p<0.05). Conclusion: Generally, undergraduate dental students favoured online gamification learning over traditional in-class activity. For online learning of Orthodontics, a gamified quiz can offer more advantages than a non-interactive quiz. Keywords: Gamification, Perception, Experience, Orthodontics

30 OP-10 AN EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTION AIMED AT IMPROVING DENTAL STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS HIV/AIDS PATIENTS Kee Zi Qin1 , Kong He Xin1 , Leanne Liew Xiao En1 , Prebha Manickam2 , Tina Varghese2 1 Year 5 Dental Students, Penang International Dental College 2 Department of Periodontology, Penang International Dental College Background: To achieve the goal of the Malaysian National Strategic Plan for ending HIV/AIDS by 2030, holistic management of HIV/AIDS patients is crucial. Dental students form an important part of the workforce in managing these patients. Although healthcare students have been reported to have adequate knowledge about HIV/AIDS, attitude towards such patients remains poor. Objective: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention to improve dental students’ knowledge and attitude towards HIV/AIDS patients. Methodology: A validated questionnaire consisting of HIV knowledge and attitude items were administered to year 3 and 4 dental students (n=89) by convenience sampling method. An educational intervention was conducted with the aim of improving awareness and management of HIV/AIDS patients in dental settings. After 3 weeks, a postassessment questionnaire was administered. The effect of the intervention was analyzed by paired t-test (p< 0.05) and Pearson correlation test. Results: The mean age of respondents was 25 years. Significant improvement in knowledge was seen with mean scores of preassessment (76.7%) and post-assessment (87.4%) indicating excellent knowledge scores. Although positive changes in attitude were noticed, they were not statistically significant. Negative correlation between knowledge and attitude was also reported (r= - 0.303). Conclusions: Education about HIV/AIDS is considered the most effective method to improve knowledge and attitude. The results demonstrated that the intervention had successfully increased the students’ knowledge and brought in a positive attitude even though the expected changes were not statistically significant. Keywords: HIV/AIDS, knowledge, attitude, dental students

31 OP-11 CLINICAL WEAR 3D ANALYSIS OF CENTION-N RESTORATIVE MATERIAL: A THREE-YEAR STUDY Siok Lian Tan1* , Hui Yi Ang1 , Muaiyed Mahmoud Buzayan2 , Prema Sukumaran3 1 Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2 Department of Restorative Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 3 Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom Background: Cention-N (Ivoclar Vivadent) is an alkasite filling material that was marketed as direct restorative material for posterior restorations. As wear resistance is an important factor in determining the clinical success of a restorative material, the wear resistance of the Cention-N was accessed using the engineering software, Geomagic Control X which appears as the current gold standard in quantifying wear progression. Objective: The study aimed to quantify and compare the wear amount and wear rates of Cention-N for 3 years at the 6 months, 12 months, 24 months and 36 months time-points of clinical service. Materials and methods: A total of 90 posterior teeth models of 18 patients were selected based on the criteria of having occlusal or occlusal-proximal restoration that were restored with Cention-N intraorally and complied with arranged recall appointments. Wear data was obtained by superimposing baseline models to the recalled models of 6 months, 12 months, 24 months and 36 months respectively using the Geomagic Control X. Results: The overall ANOVA analysis shows a significant difference (p < 0.05) in restoration wear between baseline and at all four timepoints. Mean clinical wear of Cention-N happened to be 183.76 ± 94.33 µm in 36 months, with a generalised mean wear rate of 5.10 ± 2.62 µm per month and 61.25 ± 31.44 µm per year. Conclusion: Cention-N restorative material exhibited a promising clinical wear performance of low vertical wear over the observation period of 36 months, providing valuable insight into the wear behaviour of Cention-N in posterior restorations. Keywords: Tooth Wear; Dental Restoration Wear; Dental Materials; Biocompatible Materials

32 OP-12 Effects of Holothuria Leucospilota Extract on the Healing Process of Traumatic Oral Ulcer HASAN N. 1 , HARUN N. 2 , A RAHMAN F.N.N.2, ABDUL RAHIM N.A. 2 1 Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, UITM Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor 2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostics and Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, UITM Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor Introduction: Sea cucumbers are well known for their medicinal values, amongst which, Holothuria Leucospilota species is widely studied for their diverse biological activities. At present, corticosteroids (CTS) are widely used to treat oral ulcer (OU) on the basis of its anti-inflammatory properties. However, the potential adverse effects of corticosteroids have urged massive research into alternative therapies using natural products. Aims: The aims of this study are to compare the therapeutic efficacy between H.Leucospilota extract (HLE) and CTS on oral mucosal wound healing in vivo and to analyse their histological features during wound healing process. Materials and methods: H.Leucospilota were collected, processed and formulated into oral gel. OU were induced on the buccal mucosa of 72 male Sprague Dawley rats that were randomly divided into treatment groups (HLE and CTS), and negative control (NC) group. The treatment (TX) groups received topical HLE and CTS on daily basis while no treatment was rendered to the NC group. The rats were sacrificed on days 3, 5, 7 and 9 and the ulcer sites were excised. Clinical and histological analysis were performed. Results: There was a significant reduction in the ulcer size between the treatment groups (p<0.05), but no significant differences observed in the body weight between groups. HLE group showed least number of foreign body granuloma associated with food impaction during the healing process. Significant differences were observed in the size of the foreign body granuloma between the TX groups. Discussion: We speculate that the amino acid, flavonoids and fatty acid in HLE act in concerts to promote wound healing by rapid hydrolysis of cellulose materials and enhancement of wound contraction. Conclusions: HLE appears to optimize the healing process of traumatic oral ulcer in Sprague-Dawley rats. Keywords: Oral ulcer, traumatic ulcer, oral mucosal wound, Holothuria Leucospilota

2. Fast and Furious Abstracts 33

34 FAST AND FURIOUS 15th NDSSC 2023 Event Schedule Venue: Auditorium, Institute of Research Management & Monitoring IPPP, Universiti Malaya FF-5 12:52 pm – 12:55 pm Chuah Yan Ru, Chu Yu Xuan Dharshini Devi Letchumanan Durga Devi Nadesan Siva Kumar Pendyala AIMST Effectiveness of buccal infiltration anesthesia versus inferior alveolar nerve block for the extraction of mandibular premolars and anterior teeth FF-6 12:55 pm – 12:58 pm Siti Umairah Najwa Basaruddin Ahmad Zulkarnain Sinor USM Does changes in dental environment during Covid-19 pandemic affects dental students in Malaysia? FF-7 12:58 pm – 1:01 pm Sandy Yap Sher Jie, So Hui Rachel Khoo Lian Ing Jasmine Kaur Bisram, Shilpa Madhuri Chikkala Htoo Htoo Kyaw Soe MUCM Perception of preclinical and clinical dental students towards altered smile aesthetics in Manipal University College Malaysia FF-8 1:01 pm – 1:04 pm Nik Nor Athirah Nik Mohd Sapawi Noor Najeeha Ahmad Shahril Khairunnisa Ahmad Bustami Rostam Iffendi Idris Muhd Alwi Muhd Helmi IIUM Knowledge, attitude and practice towards oral health care among parents/caregivers of children with disabilities in Sultan Ahmad Shah Medical Centre Kuantan, Pahang 17th (SaturdayJune 2023 15th National Dental Students Scientific Conference (15th NDSSC), 2023 Date: 17th (Saturday) June 2023 Venue: AUDITORIUM, Institute of Research Management & Monitoring IPPP, Universiti Malaya. FAST AND FURIOUS EVENT SCHEDULE No. Time Presenters University Title Supervisors FF-1 12:40 pm – 12.43pm Woon Chuei Yee Norma Ab Rahman USM Prevalence of ankyloglossia and relationship on mandibular arch development in orthodontic patients FF-2 12:43 pm – 12:46 pm Lee Cheng Hao Low Jing Qi Lau Duo Le Ling Tik Yaw Liow Si Ying Vivek Vijay Gupta SEGI Self-reported impact of Covid-19 on periodic dental visit and its effect on oral health FF-3 12:46 pm – 12:49 pm Cheong Pui Jing Gan Lee-Anne Chai Wei Min Gan Eng Sheng Haydar Majeed Mahdey SEGI Effectiveness of oxygene gel in wound healing for dental extraction - a randomised controlled trial FF-4 12:49 pm – 12:52 pm Krystell Lau Chiu Yan Heng Sy Ying Tan Sze Yee Tee Chi Rou Anchu Rachel Thoms Htoo Htoo Kyaw Soe MUCM Comparison of preheated resin composites and conventional resin composites in the treatment of noncarious cervical lesions-a randomised controlled trial

OP-10 AN EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTION AIMED AT IMPROVING DENTAL STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS HIV/AIDS PATIENTS Kee Zi Qin1 , Kong He Xin1 , Leanne Liew Xiao En1 , Prebha Manickam2 , Tina Varghese2 1 Year 5 Dental Students, Penang International Dental College 2 Department of Periodontology, Penang International Dental College Background: To achieve the goal of the Malaysian National Strategic Plan for ending HIV/AIDS by 2030, holistic management of HIV/AIDS patients is crucial. Dental students form an important part of the workforce in managing these patients. Although healthcare students have been reported to have adequate knowledge about HIV/AIDS, attitude towards such patients remains poor. Objective: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention to improve dental students’ knowledge and attitude towards HIV/AIDS patients. Methodology: A validated questionnaire consisting of HIV knowledge and attitude items were administered to year 3 and 4 dental students (n=89) by convenience sampling method. An educational intervention was conducted with the aim of improving awareness and management of HIV/AIDS patients in dental settings. After 3 weeks, a postassessment questionnaire was administered. The effect of the intervention was analyzed by paired t-test (p< 0.05) and Pearson correlation test. Results: The mean age of respondents was 25 years. Significant improvement in knowledge was seen with mean scores of preassessment (76.7%) and post-assessment (87.4%) indicating excellent knowledge scores. Although positive changes in attitude were noticed, they were not statistically significant. Negative correlation between knowledge and attitude was also reported (r= - 0.303). Conclusions: Education about HIV/AIDS is considered the most effective method to improve knowledge and attitude. The results demonstrated that the intervention had successfully increased the students’ knowledge and brought in a positive attitude even though the expected changes were not statistically significant. Keywords: HIV/AIDS, knowledge, attitude, dental students 35 FF-9 1:04 pm – 1:07 pm Leong Suki Lew Zhe Xuan Liew Denlee Lim Ee En Venkata Kanthi Vaishnavi Vedam AIMST Knowledge and attitude of dental students towards biosafety practices FF-10 1:07 pm – 1:10 pm Adilah Syahirah Abdullah Afifah Munirah Ahmad Amin Widya Lestari Cortino Sukotjo Chandra Prasetyo Utomo Azlini Ismail IIUM Artificial intelligence to predict dental student academic performance based on pre-university results FF-11 1:10 pm – 1:13 pm Nusaybah Ahmad Muslim LUC Knowledge and awareness of orthodontic treatment between adolescents and adults in Kelana Jaya FF-12 1:13 pm – 1:16pm Chandra Segaran M Tai JY Yahya NA UKM Determination of salivary parameters and caries risk among smokers and non-smokers FF-13 1:16 pm – 1:19 pm Norazri NN Tan PL Marizan Nor M Wahab RMA Fauzi A UKM The prevalence of impacted canine and associated adjacent tooth external root resorption: The comparison of three cone beam computed tomography softwares FF-14 1:19 pm – 1:22 pm Nurul Hanan Mazlan Aqilah Salmi Abdul Salam Wan Nor Syariza Wan Ali Nusima Hazira M Yusof USIM The assessment of psychometric properties using general oral health assessment index (GOHAI) among complete denture patients in USIM polyclinic FF-15 1:22pm - 1:25 pm Abdul Rahim bin Zainal Abidin Muhammad Akmal bin Mazeni Nahiyatul Syaqira binti Roslan Ajay Telang Fawaz Shamim Ahmad Siddiqui PIDC The lead time and cycle time of first time visit patient at dental institution of higher learning FF-16 1:25 pm – 1:28 pm Siti Sarah Rosli, Nur Rashidah Mahat Laila Azwa Hassan Siti Nur Farhanah Mohd Desa John Chong Keat Hon USIM Knowledge, perception, and practice of Covid-19 during endemic era among private dentists in Klang valley: a crosssectional study FF-17 1:28 pm – 1:31 pm Khairatulamirah Md Razali Aina Aqilah Abdul Razak Wan Nur Azreena Wan Hassan Prema A/P Sukumaran UM Randomised clinical trial comparing remineralising protocols a year postdebond FF-18 1:31 pm – 1:34 pm Yun Yi Chan Amelie Hui Jing Yong May Nak Lau Saritha Sivarajan UM Treatment effects of total arch distalisation using tads: a systematic review

OP-11 CLINICAL WEAR 3D ANALYSIS OF CENTION-N RESTORATIVE MATERIAL: A THREE-YEAR STUDY Siok Lian Tan1* , Hui Yi Ang1 , Muaiyed Mahmoud Buzayan2 , Prema Sukumaran3 1 Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2 Department of Restorative Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 3 Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom Background: Cention-N (Ivoclar Vivadent) is an alkasite filling material that was marketed as direct restorative material for posterior restorations. As wear resistance is an important factor in determining the clinical success of a restorative material, the wear resistance of the Cention-N was accessed using the engineering software, Geomagic Control X which appears as the current gold standard in quantifying wear progression. Objective: The study aimed to quantify and compare the wear amount and wear rates of Cention-N for 3 years at the 6 months, 12 months, 24 months and 36 months time-points of clinical service. Materials and methods: A total of 90 posterior teeth models of 18 patients were selected based on the criteria of having occlusal or occlusal-proximal restoration that were restored with Cention-N intraorally and complied with arranged recall appointments. Wear data was obtained by superimposing baseline models to the recalled models of 6 months, 12 months, 24 months and 36 months respectively using the Geomagic Control X. Results: The overall ANOVA analysis shows a significant difference (p < 0.05) in restoration wear between baseline and at all four timepoints. Mean clinical wear of Cention-N happened to be 183.76 ± 94.33 µm in 36 months, with a generalised mean wear rate of 5.10 ± 2.62 µm per month and 61.25 ± 31.44 µm per year. Conclusion: Cention-N restorative material exhibited a promising clinical wear performance of low vertical wear over the observation period of 36 months, providing valuable insight into the wear behaviour of Cention-N in posterior restorations. Keywords: Tooth Wear; Dental Restoration Wear; Dental Materials; Biocompatible Materials 36 FAST AND FURIOUS (FF) ABSTRACTS FF-1 PREVALENCE OF ANKYLOGLOSSIA AND RELATIONSHIP ON MANDIBULAR ARCH DEVELOPMENT IN ORTHODONTIC PATIENTS Woon Chuei Yee1 , Norma Ab Rahman2 1 Undergraduate Student, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. 2 Lecturer and Specialist, Orthodontic Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. Background: Ankyloglossia known as tongue-tie is a congenital developmental anomaly, characterised by short lingual frenum which restricts the tongue movement and can affects the jaw development and leads to malocclusion. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ankyloglossia, mandibular arch development and their relationship among orthodontic patients. Materials and Methods: Archived intraoral photos of mandibular arch belong to orthodontic patients in Specialist Orthodontic Clinic Hospital USM from 2011 to 2022 used to identify either patients presented with or without ankyloglossia. Study models were used to evaluate the type of mandibular arch with Orthoform arch templates. Hand-held digital calliper was used to measure the inter canine and inter molar distant. Descriptive statistics and independent t-tests were used to analyse the data and P value was set at 0.05. Results: A total of 461 orthodontic patients were examined, 72(15.6%) presented with ankyloglossia while 330(71.6%) without ankyloglossia and 59(12.8%) were excluded due to poor images. Among 72(15.6%) with ankyloglossia, male patients contribute about 31(6.7%) while female patients contribute about 41(8.9%). Most ankyloglossia patients presented with ovoid shape mandibular arch which is 48(78.7%) followed by tapered shape 7(11.5%) and square shaped 6(9.8%). Inter canine width between two groups had no significant difference (p=0.187) while inter molar width between with and without ankyloglossia had significant difference (p=0.035). Moderate association was found for mandibular arch development and ankyloglossia (inter canine and inter molar width) (r=0.545). Conclusion: The prevalence of ankyloglossia is 72(15.6%). There is a moderate correlation between the mandibular arch development with ankyloglossia. Keywords: Ankyloglossia, Arch shape, Arch development

37 FF-2 SELF-REPORTED IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON PERIODIC DENTAL VISIT AND ITS EFFECT ON ORAL HEALTH Lee Cheng Hao1 , Low Jing Qi1 , Lau Duo Le1 , Ling Tik Yaw1 , Liow Si Ying1 , Vivek Vijay Gupta1 1 Faculty of Dentistry, SEGi University Background: Covid-19 pandemic has affected the patients’ dental visiting pattern as well as their oral health. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on dental visiting pattern and its subsequent effect on oral health of dental patients. Materials and methods: This was an analytical cross sectional study reporting on the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on the dental visiting pattern and oral health of 182 patients. Questionnaire was given to all the participants to assess the patients’ oral health awareness, the impact of Covid-19 on their dental visiting pattern, and the subsequent effect on their overall oral health. This was done with a series of questions and 5 self-reported parameters which are bleeding gum, bad breath, receding gum, tooth sensitivity and mobility. Data analysis was done with SPSS version 2022. Descriptive statistics and mediation analysis were used. Results: There was no significant difference in the patients’ perceived oral health before and after Covid-19 pandemic (p>0.05). Results showed that there was 3.9% increase in bleeding gum, 3.8% increase in bad breath, 8.2% increase in receding gum, 7.7% increase in tooth sensitivity, and 5.5% increase in tooth mobility since the Covid-19 pandemic has started, as perceived by patients. Conclusion: Covid 19 has not had a significant impact on the perceptions of the patients about their oral health. Keywords: Covid-19, dental visiting pattern, oral health

38 FF-3 EFFECTIVENESS OF OXYGENE GEL IN WOUND HEALING FOR DENTAL EXTRACTION - A RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL Cheong Pui Jing1 , Gan Lee-Anne1 , Chai Wei Min1, Gan Eng Sheng1 , Haydar Majeed Mahdey1 1 Faculty of Dentistry, SEGi University Background: In healthy patients, post extraction wounds tend to heal faster which takes 4-6 weeks. Studies have shown that certain medicaments tend to increase wound healing at a faster rate. We wanted to test a new topical gel to evaluate if it can help wound healing post-extraction. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of Oxygene gel clinically on wound healing after tooth extraction Materials and methods: This was a randomised controlled trial using split mouth design. 27 participants with 54 sites requiring multiteeth extraction were selected and randomised into 2 treatments. Participants were instructed to apply a pea sized amount of Oxygene gel on the test site twice daily for 2 weeks. Participants were recalled on the 3rd day and 14th day post-extraction for review. Wounds were evaluated using the wound healing index (Landry et al, 1988) based on 5 factors. Photos were taken. Instructions on gel application were reinforced during the review. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 22. Wilcoxon Signed Ranked Test was used. P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: There was a significant difference in wound healing between the use of Oxygene gel on extraction sites and without. Based on Wilcoxon Signed Ranked Test, we obtained the p-value of 0.035 (3 days) and 0.021 (2 weeks). Conclusion: The result findings shown that the Oxygene gel is effective in improving wound healing in patients post-extraction, however further research is required in this direction. Keywords: Oxygene gel, Wound healing, Extraction

39 FF-4 COMPARISON OF PREHEATED RESIN COMPOSITES AND CONVENTIONAL RESIN COMPOSITES IN THE TREATMENT OF NON-CARIOUS CERVICAL LESIONS-A RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL Krystell Lau Chiu Yan1 , Heng Sy Ying1 , Tan Sze Yee1 , Tee Chi Rou1 , Anchu Rachel Thoms2 , Htoo Htoo Kyaw Soe3 1 Student, Faculty of Dentistry, Manipal University College Malaysia 2 Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Manipal University College Malaysia 3 Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Manipal University College Malaysia Background: Resin composite (RCs) pre-heating is a novel approach that might improve handling and marginal adaptation of the material. Many in-vitro studies regarding preheating resin composites were carried out, but no randomised controlled trial (RCT) was done to date for the restoration of non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) with preheated RCs. Hence, our study aims to provide an alternative restorative material for NCCLs. Objective: To assess and compare at 1-, 3- and 6-month between preheated and conventional RC restorations by checking the marginal integrity, wear, marginal discolouration, retention, recurrent caries and post-operative sensitivity. Materials and methods: A total of 34 patients were selected. Every patient received one pair of nanofilled RC (Filtek Z350 XT) on the canine, first premolar, second premolar or first molar having NCCLs in the maxillary arch. One side received preheated composites whereas the other side received conventional composites. These restorations were evaluated at 1-, 3- and 6- month using the Modified USPHS criteria. The statistical analyses were performed using the McNemar’s and Marginal Homogeneity tests. Results: Conventional and preheated RC had no significant difference for marginal integrity, marginal discoloration, retention, recurrent caries and post-operative sensitivity (P>0.05), except for wear at 1 month (p=0.02). At the 3- and 6-month review, conventional RC exhibited greater wear than preheated RC. Conclusion: There was no statistically significant difference between the conventional and preheated RC for marginal integrity, marginal discoloration, retention, recurrent caries and postoperative sensitivity at 1-, 3- and 6-month review. Overall, preheated RC demonstrated superior wear resistance compared to conventional RC. Keywords: Resin composite, Preheated, Modified USPHS criteria, Non-carious cervical lesions, Wear resistance

40 FF-5 EFFECTIVENESS OF BUCCAL INFILTRATION ANESTHESIA VERSUS INFERIOR ALVEOLAR NERVE BLOCK FOR THE EXTRACTION OF MANDIBULAR PREMOLARS AND ANTERIOR TEETH Chuah Yan Ru 1 , Chu Yu Xuan1 , Dharshini Devi Letchumanan1 , Durga Devi Nadesan1 , Siva Kumar Pendyala2 1Faculty of Dentistry, Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology (AIMST) University 2Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Faculty of Dentistry, Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology (AIMST) University Background: The Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block also known as mandibular nerve block is the second most frequently used after infiltration but it also has the highest percentage of clinical failures even when properly administered. The present study aimed to evaluate and compare the anesthetic effect of buccal infiltration and IANB technique for therapeutic extraction of mandibular premolars and anteriors. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of buccal infiltration anaesthesia with the inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) in the extraction of mandibular premolars and anterior teeth. Materials and methods: A prospective, randomized clinical study was performed on 40 patients attending AIMST dental center for the extraction of mandibular anterior teeth and premolar. The study population of 40 patients, aged between 17 to 59 years old were randomly divided into 2 groups, with one group receiving infiltration and another group receiving IANB. The effect of anesthesia between the two techniques was compared and evaluated by using SPSS. Results: In total of 40 patients requiring the extraction of mandibular anteriors and premolars, there were no statistically significant differences (P>0.05) in the pain scores. The time taken to achieve the subjective symptoms and objective signs for infiltration group was lower than the block group, showing statistically significant differences (P<0.05). There is no significant relationship (P>0.05) between type of local anesthetic injection used and the need for the second injection. Conclusion: Buccal infiltration anesthesia can be effectively used for the extraction of mandibular premolars and anterior teeth. Keywords: Buccal infiltration, Inferior alveolar nerve block, premolars, anterior teeth, extraction

41 FF-6 DOES CHANGES IN DENTAL ENVIRONMENT DURING COVID19 PANDEMIC AFFECTS DENTAL STUDENTS IN MALAYSIA? Siti Umairah Najwa1 , Basaruddin Ahmad1 , Zulkarnain Sinor1 1 School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the global population but how it impacts on Malaysian dental students is not well understood. Objective: This study examined whether changes in the dental environment, specifically the learning and training modes and academic pressure, is associated with the students’ psychological status during the pandemic. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study invited all undergraduate dental students in Malaysia to complete an online questionnaire via Google Forms which collected the sociodemographic information, and responses to Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 and modified Dental Environmental Stress instruments. Associations were examined using the Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Results: Of 139 respondents, 64% were female, 66% were clinicalyear students, and 68% stayed at home during the pandemic. The prevalence of at least mild level of depression (10%), anxiety (6.5%), and stress (10%) were low. Depression was associated with online learning, lack of gadgets, distractions at home and lack of interaction with lecturers, fear of getting infected, infecting others, and uncertainty regarding career/placement in clinical students, the burden of assignments, difficulty understanding the subjects and lack of study environment. Anxiety was associated with online learning, increased screen time and lack of gadgets, and the lack of patients for clinical requirements. Stress was associated with increased screen time, internet problems, the burden of assignments and the lack of clinical training. Conclusion: The changes in the mode of teaching and clinical training, and the academic performance pressure negatively and mildly affect the psychological condition of a small percentage students in Malaysia. Keywords: COVID-19, dental students, stress, anxiety, depression

42 FF-2 SELF-REPORTED IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON PERIODIC DENTAL VISIT AND ITS EFFECT ON ORAL HEALTH Lee Cheng Hao1 , Low Jing Qi1 , Lau Duo Le1 , Ling Tik Yaw1 , Liow Si Ying1 , Vivek Vijay Gupta1 1 Faculty of Dentistry, SEGi University Background: Covid-19 pandemic has affected the patients’ dental visiting pattern as well as their oral health. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on dental visiting pattern and its subsequent effect on oral health of dental patients. Materials and methods: This was an analytical cross sectional study reporting on the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on the dental visiting pattern and oral health of 182 patients. Questionnaire was given to all the participants to assess the patients’ oral health awareness, the impact of Covid-19 on their dental visiting pattern, and the subsequent effect on their overall oral health. This was done with a series of questions and 5 self-reported parameters which are bleeding gum, bad breath, receding gum, tooth sensitivity and mobility. Data analysis was done with SPSS version 2022. Descriptive statistics and mediation analysis were used. Results: There was no significant difference in the patients’ perceived oral health before and after Covid-19 pandemic (p>0.05). Results showed that there was 3.9% increase in bleeding gum, 3.8% increase in bad breath, 8.2% increase in receding gum, 7.7% increase in tooth sensitivity, and 5.5% increase in tooth mobility since the Covid-19 pandemic has started, as perceived by patients. Conclusion: Covid 19 has not had a significant impact on the perceptions of the patients about their oral health. Keywords: Covid-19, dental visiting pattern, oral health FF-7 PERCEPTION OF PRECLINICAL AND CLINICAL DENTAL STUDENTS TOWARDS ALTERED SMILE AESTHETICS IN MANIPAL UNIVERSITY COLLEGE MALAYSIA Sandy Yap Sher Jie1 , So Hui1 , Rachel Khoo Lian Ing1 , Jasmine Kaur Bisram1 , Shilpa Madhuri Chikkala2 , Htoo Htoo Kyaw Soe3 1 Dental students, Faculty of Dentistry, Manipal University College Malaysia (MUCM) 2 Department of Prosthodontics Crown & Bridge and Oral Implantology, Faculty of Dentistry, MUCM 3 Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, MUCM Background: The perception of smile aesthetics plays a crucial role in dental practice and patient satisfaction. Understanding the views of dental students at different stages of their education can provide valuable insights into the evolving standards of smile aesthetics. Additionally, investigating the potential influence of gender on perceptions towards altered smile aesthetics can further enhance our understanding of individual preferences and societal norms. Objectives: To investigate whether students at different stages of their undergraduate dental education held similar views on smile aesthetics. Additionally, to find out whether perception to altered smile aesthetics is affected by gender. Materials and methods: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted among preclinical and clinical dental students (Year 1 to 5). The participants were asked to rate 13 digital images representing different altered smile aesthetics using visual analogue scale. These images included an "aesthetic smile," a repeated image, and 11 digitally altered images of the same "aesthetic smile”. Results: 305 completed questionnaires were collected. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in perception towards altered smile aesthetics between preclinical and clinical dental students (p<0.05) as well as gender. Conclusion: There is no significant association between the educational level and gender of dental students of Manipal University College Malaysia and their perception on altered smile aesthetics. Keywords: Smile aesthetics, preclinical and clinical dental students, perception, altered smile aesthetics, gender

43 FF-3 EFFECTIVENESS OF OXYGENE GEL IN WOUND HEALING FOR DENTAL EXTRACTION - A RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL Cheong Pui Jing1 , Gan Lee-Anne1 , Chai Wei Min1, Gan Eng Sheng1 , Haydar Majeed Mahdey1 1 Faculty of Dentistry, SEGi University Background: In healthy patients, post extraction wounds tend to heal faster which takes 4-6 weeks. Studies have shown that certain medicaments tend to increase wound healing at a faster rate. We wanted to test a new topical gel to evaluate if it can help wound healing post-extraction. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of Oxygene gel clinically on wound healing after tooth extraction Materials and methods: This was a randomised controlled trial using split mouth design. 27 participants with 54 sites requiring multiteeth extraction were selected and randomised into 2 treatments. Participants were instructed to apply a pea sized amount of Oxygene gel on the test site twice daily for 2 weeks. Participants were recalled on the 3rd day and 14th day post-extraction for review. Wounds were evaluated using the wound healing index (Landry et al, 1988) based on 5 factors. Photos were taken. Instructions on gel application were reinforced during the review. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 22. Wilcoxon Signed Ranked Test was used. P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: There was a significant difference in wound healing between the use of Oxygene gel on extraction sites and without. Based on Wilcoxon Signed Ranked Test, we obtained the p-value of 0.035 (3 days) and 0.021 (2 weeks). Conclusion: The result findings shown that the Oxygene gel is effective in improving wound healing in patients post-extraction, however further research is required in this direction. Keywords: Oxygene gel, Wound healing, Extraction FF-8 KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE TOWARDS ORAL HEALTH CARE AMONG PARENTS/CAREGIVERS OF CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES IN SULTAN AHMAD SHAH MEDICAL CENTRE KUANTAN, PAHANG. Nik Nor Athirah Nik Mohd Sapawi1 , Noor Najeeha Ahmad Shahril1 , Khairunnisa Ahmad Bustami2 , Rostam Iffendi Idris3 , Muhd Alwi Muhd Helmi4 1 Undergraduate student, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia. 2 Lecturer, Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Unit, Kulliyyah of Dentistry,International Islamic University Malaysia. 3 Lecturer, Department of Restorative Dentistry/Conservative Dentistry Unit, Kulliyyah of Dentistry,International Islamic University Malaysia. 4 Lecturer, Department of Paediatric Unit, Sultan Ahmad Shah Medical Centre @ IIUM. Background: Children with disabilities are highly dependent on their parents or caregivers to perform the daily oral health care. Hence, they are considered to have a greater risk to develop oral diseases due to their limited dental needs in addition to poor accessibility towards oral health care facilities. Objectives: This study was conducted to measure the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding oral health care among parents and caregivers of children with disabilities and to evaluate the relationship between sociodemographic factors of caretakers with knowledge, attitude, and practice towards oral health care. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study with a sample of 94 parents and caregivers of children with disabilities that were recruited from data of patients attending Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit and Paediatric Clinic, Sultan Ahmad Shah Medical Centre (SASMEC). A validated questionnaire which consists of two parts, the sociodemographic information and 22 questions related to knowledge, attitude and practices toward children’s oral health care were completed by the participants via Google form. Results: Majority of the parents had good knowledge (63.8%), good attitude (63.2%) and fair practice (54.3%). There was a significant association between the education levels of the parents or caregivers in the knowledge and practice towards oral health care. Positive correlation was observed between knowledge and attitude as well as attitude and practice. Conclusion: More effective outreach programmes and empowerment of the caretakers are seen as required for the community of parents or caregivers of children with disabilities in Kuantan, Pahang. Keywords: oral health care, knowledge, attitude, oral health practice, children with disabilities

FF-9 KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF DENTAL STUDENTS TOWARDS BIOSAFETY PRACTICES Leong Suki1 , Lew Zhe Xuan1 , Liew Denlee1 , Lim Ee En 1 , Venkata Kanthi Vaishnavi Vedam2 1 Faculty of Dentistry, Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology (AIMST) University 2 Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Faculty of Dentistry, Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology (AIMST) University Background: Dental practitioners are highly vulnerable to contracting infectious diseases, specific biosafety precautions is essential to minimize risk of disease transmission. Objectives: A study was conducted to investigate and compare the overall knowledge and attitude of AIMST Dental students towards biosafety between Year 3, 4 and 5. Materials and methods: A selfǦadministered online questionnaire distributed among all eligible students in Year 3, 4 and 5, with questions focused on knowledge and attitudes towards biosafety practices. The collected data were analyzed utilizing IBM SPSS Statistics version 27. Results: A total sample of 172 AIMST undergraduate students consisting of 72 Year 3 students (42.86%), 51 Year 4 students (29.65%) and 49 Year 5 students (28.49%) participated in the study, with a response rate of 77.13%. Findings revealed that Year 5 dental students have the lowest percentage of obtaining satisfactory score out of three years of study in both knowledge and attitude categories towards biosafety, which is 87.8% (n=43) in knowledge level, and 51.0% (n=25) in attitude level. Fisher's Exact Test result shows no significant association between knowledge level towards biosafety and year of study (p= 0.1638). Chi Square Test found a significant association between Attitude Level towards biosafety and Year of Study (p<0.001). Conclusion: This study reveals AIMST dental students have comparable knowledge, with reasonably high overall knowledge level, but it is not significant. Year 5 dental students have a significant different unsatisfactory attitude compared to other batches. The findings emphasize the importance of continuous education for improvement of biosafety practices. Keywords: Communicable disease, dentist, students, biosafety protocols

FF-10 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TO PREDICT DENTAL STUDENT ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE BASED ON PRE-UNIVERSITY RESULTS Adilah Syahirah Abdullah1*, Afifah Munirah Ahmad Amin1 , Widya Lestari2 , Cortino Sukotjo3 , Chandra Prasetyo Utomo4 , Azlini Ismail2 1 Student, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan 2 Lecturer, Department of Fundamental Dental and Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, Bandar Indera Mahkota, Kuantan 3 Lecturer, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, College of Dentistry, United States 4 Lecturer, Faculty of Information Technology, Universitas YARSI, Jl. Letjen Suprapto, Cempaka Putih, Jakarta Pusat, Indonesia Background: Admission into dental school involves selecting applicants for successful completion of the course. Aim and objectives: This study aims to predict the academic performance of Kulliyyah of Dentistry, IIUM dental students based on their admission results using Artificial Intelligence (AI). Materials and methods: Machine Learning algorithms Logistic Regression (LR), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) were applied. Age during admission, preuniversity results, and Professional Exams results were used in data input to predict number of failures in Year 1 and 3, grade for each course in the dental programme and likelihood of the students to graduate on time in Year 5. Results: SVM was the most effective algorithm in forecasting academic performance of the dental students as it is the algorithm that performs the most output prediction above all followed by LR, DT and the least one is RF. Model for forecasting student failure in Year 1 is the most robust among other model outputs with recall 0.77. The performance of other models is mostly below average and the least reliable models were the prediction of performance in Prosthodontics, Conservative Dentistry and Integrated Dental Practice with recall within 0.30. Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) were proven to be predictive of dental students’ academic performance in this study, however relying solely on these two factors does not yield optimal outcome. Conclusion: The results indicate that ML models may be employed to forecast dental students' success based on their pre-admission results. Keywords: dental admission, students’ performance, artificial intelligence, performance prediction, quality of dental education

FF-11 KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS OF ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT BETWEEN ADOLESCENTS AND ADULTS IN KELANA JAYA Nusaybah Ahmad Muslim1 1 Student, Lincoln University College Background: Malocclusion is the third most common oral health problem in the world. Ethnic, genetic and environmental factors of malocclusion and its prevalence have increased in recent decades. The demands for orthodontic treatment became more noticeable in dental practices. Enhancing appearance and improving psycho-social status have been identified as important factors behind the decision to initiate orthodontic treatment. Hence, this study is carried out to raise knowledge and awareness to people mainly adults and adolescents. Objective: The objective of study is to assess and compare the knowledge and awareness of orthodontic treatment between adolescents and adults in Kelana Jaya. Materials and methods: A total of 219 respondents including adolescents and adults were completed structured online questionnaire via Google Form and also physical questionnaires that were distributed. Questionnaire consisted of 15 questions regarding the knowledge and awareness of orthodontic treatment. Results: A total of 219 respondents participated in this study, 107 participants for adolescents and 112 participants for adults. The results showed that the adults were more knowledgeable in orthodontic treatment than the adolescents in Kelana Jaya with the percentage score of 56% & 44% respectively. The results also showed that the adults were more aware in orthodontic treatment than the adolescents in Kelana Jaya with the percentage score of 58% for the adults and 42% for the adolescents. Conclusion: The adolescents in this study exhibited lower knowledge and awareness of orthodontic treatment compared to adults. This might due to less exposure of this group towards orthodontic treatment. Keywords: Malocclusion, orthodontic, awareness, knowledge FF-6 DOES CHANGES IN DENTAL ENVIRONMENT DURING COVID19 PANDEMIC AFFECTS DENTAL STUDENTS IN MALAYSIA? Siti Umairah Najwa1 , Basaruddin Ahmad1 , Zulkarnain Sinor1 1 School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the global population but how it impacts on Malaysian dental students is not well understood. Objective: This study examined whether changes in the dental environment, specifically the learning and training modes and academic pressure, is associated with the students’ psychological status during the pandemic. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study invited all undergraduate dental students in Malaysia to complete an online questionnaire via Google Forms which collected the sociodemographic information, and responses to Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 and modified Dental Environmental Stress instruments. Associations were examined using the Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. Results: Of 139 respondents, 64% were female, 66% were clinicalyear students, and 68% stayed at home during the pandemic. The prevalence of at least mild level of depression (10%), anxiety (6.5%), and stress (10%) were low. Depression was associated with online learning, lack of gadgets, distractions at home and lack of interaction with lecturers, fear of getting infected, infecting others, and uncertainty regarding career/placement in clinical students, the burden of assignments, difficulty understanding the subjects and lack of study environment. Anxiety was associated with online learning, increased screen time and lack of gadgets, and the lack of patients for clinical requirements. Stress was associated with increased screen time, internet problems, the burden of assignments and the lack of clinical training. Conclusion: The changes in the mode of teaching and clinical training, and the academic performance pressure negatively and mildly affect the psychological condition of a small percentage students in Malaysia. Keywords: COVID-19, dental students, stress, anxiety, depression

FF-12 DETERMINATION OF SALIVARY PARAMETERS AND CARIES RISK AMONG SMOKERS AND NONSMOKERS Chandra Segaran M1 , Tai JY1 and Yahya NA1 1 Department of Family Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 KualaLumpur, Malaysia Objective: To investigate the association between salivary parameters and caries risk among adult smokers and non-smokers. Methods and materials: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenient sampling method that compares the relationship between the salivary parameters and dental caries among adult smokers and non-smokers in Poliklinik Pergigian Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). Saliva samples were collected and used to measure salivary pH and buffering capacity. The data collected were the resting saliva pH, stimulated saliva pH, the buffering capacity of the saliva, caries risk and oral hygiene of the patient for both smokers and non-smokers. This datawas collected to investigate the association of salivary flow rate, saliva pH and buffering capacity with dental caries development in smokers and non-smokers. Results: 100 subjects, comprising 49 smokers and 51 non-smokers, consented to participate in this study. There is a significant association between caries risk and smoking status (p>0.003); smokers (65.3%) have a higher caries risk than non-smokers (31.4%). There is a significant association between saliva buffering capacity with smoking status (p<0.000) ; smokers (36.7%) have very low resting saliva buffering capacity compared to non-smokers (2.0%). Smokers (77.6%) had significantly (p=0.035) acidic resting saliva pH compared to non-smokers (52.9%). Conclusion: With the presence of some limitations of this preliminary study, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between caries risk, saliva pH, buffering capacity, and oral hygiene with smoking status. Keywords: saliva testing, caries risk, pH, buffering capacity, smoking

FF-13 THE PREVALENCE OF IMPACTED CANINE AND ASSOCIATED ADJACENT TOOTH EXTERNAL ROOT RESORPTION: THE COMPARISON OF THREE CONE BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SOFTWARES Norazri NN1 , Tan PL2 , Marizan Nor M3 , Wahab RMA4 , Fauzi A5 1 Department of Family Health, Faculty of Dentistry, UKM 2 Department of Craniofacial Diagnostics & Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, UKM Background: Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is widely used to identify the location and prognosis of impacted canine (IC) and its risk of external root resorption to the adjacent tooth. Nevertheless, the interpretation of CBCT image may vary depending on the machine, software sensitivity and the skill of the operator. Objective: The purpose of this studyis to identify the prevalence of IC and the related external root resorption of adjacent teeth, and to compare the reliability of 3 CBCT softwares in determining the external root resorption in ICcases. Materials and methods: 181 CBCT images with IC taken from Planmeca and iCAT machines were included in this study. The position of IC and presence of adjacent tooth external root resorption were determined using iCAT Vision, Planmeca Romexis & RadiAnt DICOM software viewer. The presence and grading of root resorption were compared between 2 recommended software by the supplier and alternative online software. Results: The prevalence of impacted canine cases is 8.67%. The incidence of external root resorption relatedto impacted canine is 24.3% with grade 3 (13.8%). There is no significant difference in the amount of root resorption identified in the three software, p<0.05 and there is significant correlation (r = 0.98, p < 0.01) between all three softwares. Conclusion: RadiAnt DICOM, Planmeca and iCAT are reliable in assessing prognosis of impacted canine and external root resorption. Hence, mastering the skills in manipulating various CBCT softwares are essential among practitioners. Keywords: CBCT software, external root resorption, iCAT, impacted canine, Planmeca

FF-14 THE ASSESSMENT OF PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES USING GENERAL ORAL HEALTH ASSESSMENT INDEX (GOHAI) AMONG COMPLETE DENTURE PATIENTS IN USIM POLYCLINIC Nurul Hanan Mazlan, Aqilah Salmi Abdul Salam, Wan Nor Syariza Wan Ali1 , Nusima1 , Hazira M Yusof1 1 Clinical Lecturer, Dept of Conservative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, USIM. Background: Edentulism remains as a major disease worldwide especially among older adults affecting their quality of life in masticatory function, speech, and comfort. Complete dentures are offered to edentulous people to address these problems while improving their quality of life. Objective: To assess the quality of life using the General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) focusing on physical function, oro-facial pain and psychosocial impact among complete denture patients in USIM polyclinic. Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out to 50 patients with complete dentures treated by USIM undergraduate dental students from the year 2019 to 2022. Patients had to complete the Malay version of GOHAI questionnaire through phone calls or online interviews. Results: The participants consisted of 58% male and 42% female patients with the average age of 60-69 years old. 98% of the patients requested for new dentures to improve their chewing ability. The highest mean score was 3.34 (+1.39) for satisfaction with the appearance while the lowest mean score was 0.72 (+ 1.10) for limiting themselves from contacting other people. Conclusion: The quality of life of edentulous patients was mostly affected by oral function and aesthetic view and it has been improved with complete dentures. Keywords: Psychometric, GOHAI, Complete Denture, Pain, Edentulous

FF-15 THE LEAD TIME AND CYCLE TIME OF FIRST TIME VISIT PATIENT AT DENTAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER LEARNING Abdul Rahim bin Zainal Abidin, Muhammad Akmal bin Mazeni, Nahiyatul Syaqira binti Roslan, Ajay Telang1 , Fawaz Shamim Ahmad Siddiqui1 1 Penang International Dental College, Penang, Malaysia Background: Patients' satisfaction with their dental care provider is an important predictor of their willingness to return for follow-up visits, their cooperation with treatment recommendations, and the likelihood that they will recommend their provider to other patients. This research idea originated to examine and quantify the relationship between lead time, cycle time, and satisfaction outcomes at Penang International Dental College (PIDC) clinics. Also, to assess how this relationship varies depending on the amount of time spent waiting. Materials and methods: The study was an observational study that included all patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria for this study. The first part of the data was collected by shadowing the patient. The second part of the data was collected using the visit satisfaction questionnaire (VSQ) feedback from the patients. Results: The Lead time for patients in the clinic averaged 123.8 minutes, and the average cycle time for each stage - registration, consultation, treatment and payment averaged 56.17, 159.2, 45.29, and 15.03 minutes, respectively. Patients were overall satisfied with the waiting time and care provided by Penang International Dental College clinic. Conclusion: The average lead time (throughput time) for patient services at the PIDC clinic is considered reasonable at just over two hours (123 minutes). The VSQ results indicate that the wait time/cycle time/lead time perceived by patients for the first-time visit, is above satisfaction and is within reasonable limits compared to the literature. Keywords: Lead time, Cycle time, Patient Satisfaction.