15th NDSSC 2023 Conference Booklet

FF-11 KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS OF ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT BETWEEN ADOLESCENTS AND ADULTS IN KELANA JAYA Nusaybah Ahmad Muslim1 1 Student, Lincoln University College Background: Malocclusion is the third most common oral health problem in the world. Ethnic, genetic and environmental factors of malocclusion and its prevalence have increased in recent decades. The demands for orthodontic treatment became more noticeable in dental practices. Enhancing appearance and improving psycho-social status have been identified as important factors behind the decision to initiate orthodontic treatment. Hence, this study is carried out to raise knowledge and awareness to people mainly adults and adolescents. Objective: The objective of study is to assess and compare the knowledge and awareness of orthodontic treatment between adolescents and adults in Kelana Jaya. Materials and methods: A total of 219 respondents including adolescents and adults were completed structured online questionnaire via Google Form and also physical questionnaires that were distributed. Questionnaire consisted of 15 questions regarding the knowledge and awareness of orthodontic treatment. Results: A total of 219 respondents participated in this study, 107 participants for adolescents and 112 participants for adults. The results showed that the adults were more knowledgeable in orthodontic treatment than the adolescents in Kelana Jaya with the percentage score of 56% & 44% respectively. The results also showed that the adults were more aware in orthodontic treatment than the adolescents in Kelana Jaya with the percentage score of 58% for the adults and 42% for the adolescents. Conclusion: The adolescents in this study exhibited lower knowledge and awareness of orthodontic treatment compared to adults. This might due to less exposure of this group towards orthodontic treatment. Keywords: Malocclusion, orthodontic, awareness, knowledge FF-16 KNOWLEDGE, PERCEPTION, AND PRACTICE OF COVID-19 DURING ENDEMIC ERA AMONG PRIVATE DENTISTS IN KLANG VALLEY: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY Siti Sarah Rosli, Nur Rashidah Mahat, Laila Azwa Hassan1 , Siti Nur Farhanah Mohd Desa2 , John Chong Keat Hon3 1 Department of Restorative Dentistry and Prosthodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, USIM 2Department of Periodontology and Community Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, USIM 3 Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Pathology, and Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, USIM Background: Dentists are at risk of contracting COVID-19 due to the nature of work that exposed to aerosols containing saliva. Thus, it is critical to assess current practices to set up safe practices for dental professionals. The information on the practice of dentists towards COVID-19 in Malaysia is still scarce. Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, perception, and practice of private dentists in Klang Valley during COVID-19 endemic era. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study used a validated online self-administered questionnaire and a Likert scale was used to employ the questionnaires. Descriptive analysis and correlation tests were used to analyse data and the significance level was set at p <0.05. Results: A total of 120 private dentists participated in this study. 89% of dentists are aware of the Clinical Practising Guidelines (CPG). The majority of dentists perceived their profession exposed them more to COVID-19 which is a serious health issue. Nearly all of dentists think that COVID-19 has an impact on dental attendees. Only one-third of dentists consider that patients are required to do COVID-19 tests prior to treatment. A significant number of vaccinated dentists work with vaccinated staff and use effective infection control measures. Conclusion: Private dentists showed poor knowledge on symptoms and medium transmission of COVID-19. Only less than 15% of dentists apply perfect practice of COVID-19 management. Hence, it is strongly recommended that CPG should be reinforced among dentists to raise dental care quality and lower the probability of COVID-19 transmission. Keywords: COVID-19, knowledge, perception, practice, dentistry.

FF-12 DETERMINATION OF SALIVARY PARAMETERS AND CARIES RISK AMONG SMOKERS AND NONSMOKERS Chandra Segaran M1 , Tai JY1 and Yahya NA1 1 Department of Family Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 KualaLumpur, Malaysia Objective: To investigate the association between salivary parameters and caries risk among adult smokers and non-smokers. Methods and materials: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenient sampling method that compares the relationship between the salivary parameters and dental caries among adult smokers and non-smokers in Poliklinik Pergigian Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). Saliva samples were collected and used to measure salivary pH and buffering capacity. The data collected were the resting saliva pH, stimulated saliva pH, the buffering capacity of the saliva, caries risk and oral hygiene of the patient for both smokers and non-smokers. This datawas collected to investigate the association of salivary flow rate, saliva pH and buffering capacity with dental caries development in smokers and non-smokers. Results: 100 subjects, comprising 49 smokers and 51 non-smokers, consented to participate in this study. There is a significant association between caries risk and smoking status (p>0.003); smokers (65.3%) have a higher caries risk than non-smokers (31.4%). There is a significant association between saliva buffering capacity with smoking status (p<0.000) ; smokers (36.7%) have very low resting saliva buffering capacity compared to non-smokers (2.0%). Smokers (77.6%) had significantly (p=0.035) acidic resting saliva pH compared to non-smokers (52.9%). Conclusion: With the presence of some limitations of this preliminary study, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between caries risk, saliva pH, buffering capacity, and oral hygiene with smoking status. Keywords: saliva testing, caries risk, pH, buffering capacity, smoking FF-17 RANDOMISED CLINICAL TRIAL COMPARING REMINERALISING PROTOCOLS A YEARPOST-DEBOND Khairatulamirah Md Razali1 , Aina Aqilah Abdul Razak1 , Wan Nur Azreena Wan Hassan2 , Prema A/P Sukumaran3 1 Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya 2 Department of Paediatric Dentistry & Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya 3 Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London Background: Fluoride therapy is an effective remineralisation agent in post-debond white spot lesion (WSL). Objective: The study aimed to compare three interventions: (1) daily fluoride toothpaste monotherapy; (2) daily fluoride toothpaste therapy supplemented with daily casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate withfluoride (CPP-ACPF); and (3) daily fluoride toothpaste therapy supplemented with three-monthly professional application of fluoride varnish, in reducing white spot lesions (WSL). Materials and Methods: This study was part of a randomised, threearmed parallel group, controlled clinical trial (RCT) registered with the clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04788550). The primary outcome was the optical changes (refractive index) of the WSL. Thirty patients were followed up for one year following orthodontic debonding using the measurement of A-scans and B-scans of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) across different enamel surface depths. Data was extracted using MATLAB. The lesion depth and integrated reflectivity were compared by paired t-test and one-way ANOVA. Results: The results showed that daily fluoridated toothpaste supplemented by fluoride varnish significantly reduced the lesion depth and integratedreflectivity of WSLs up to 200 microns depth, while fluoride toothpaste monotherapy showed significant difference only up to 100 microns depth. Combination of daily fluoridated toothpaste and CPP-ACPF did not show any significant difference in all depths measured. There were no differences between the groups at the 12-month follow up. Conclusion: Daily fluoridated toothpaste was effective to reduce the lesion depth and integrated reflectivity of WSL. Professional supplementation of fluoride varnish had a deeper effect at reducing the white spot lesions than daily fluoridated toothpaste alone. There was insufficient evidence to support the long-term benefit of CPPACPF on post-debond WSL. Keywords: Orthodontics, White spot lesion, Casein-phosphopeptide Amorphous AmorphousCalcium Phosphate Nanocomplex, Fluoride, Orthodontic Appliances

48 FF-18 TREATMENT EFFECTS OF TOTAL ARCH DISTALISATION USING TADS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW Yun Yi Chan1 , Amelie Hui Jing Yong1 , May Nak Lau2 , Saritha Sivarajan2 1 Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2 Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Background: Total arch distalisation using temporary anchorage devices (TADs) has gained popularity in the recent years. Objective: This review systematically evaluated evidence regarding treatment effects of maxillary and mandibular total arch distalisation using TADs. Methods: Electronic database search in six databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, Scopus, Wiley, Cochrane Library) and one register (ClinicalTrials.gov) with no language and publication date limitations and hand search of two main orthodontic journals were conducted for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomised prospective studies (NRSs) involving patients who required total arch distalisation using TADs. Cochrane's risk of bias tool 2.0, Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool, and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach were used for quality assessment. Results: A total of 3430 articles were identified. Two RCTs and two NRSs were finally included. Three studies were of moderate, and one study was of low risk of bias. According to GRADE, low to very low quality of evidence showed that total arch distalisation using TADs caused significant dental (incisor retraction and molar distalisation), skeletal (changes in anteroposterior dimension), and soft tissue changes (reduction in upper and lower lip procumbence). Very low quality of evidence showed short treatment duration (6-11 months) and high success rate of TADs (> 86%). Conclusion: In conclusion, significant anteroposterior dental, skeletal, and soft tissue changes can be achieved for total arch distalisation using TADs. However, the quality of evidence were low to very low with moderate to low risk of bias. Keywords: TADs, total arch distalisation, systematic review, orthodontic anchorage procedures, miniscrew FF-13 THE PREVALENCE OF IMPACTED CANINE AND ASSOCIATED ADJACENT TOOTH EXTERNAL ROOT RESORPTION: THE COMPARISON OF THREE CONE BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SOFTWARES Norazri NN1 , Tan PL2 , Marizan Nor M3 , Wahab RMA4 , Fauzi A5 1 Department of Family Health, Faculty of Dentistry, UKM 2 Department of Craniofacial Diagnostics & Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, UKM Background: Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is widely used to identify the location and prognosis of impacted canine (IC) and its risk of external root resorption to the adjacent tooth. Nevertheless, the interpretation of CBCT image may vary depending on the machine, software sensitivity and the skill of the operator. Objective: The purpose of this studyis to identify the prevalence of IC and the related external root resorption of adjacent teeth, and to compare the reliability of 3 CBCT softwares in determining the external root resorption in ICcases. Materials and methods: 181 CBCT images with IC taken from Planmeca and iCAT machines were included in this study. The position of IC and presence of adjacent tooth external root resorption were determined using iCAT Vision, Planmeca Romexis & RadiAnt DICOM software viewer. The presence and grading of root resorption were compared between 2 recommended software by the supplier and alternative online software. Results: The prevalence of impacted canine cases is 8.67%. The incidence of external root resorption relatedto impacted canine is 24.3% with grade 3 (13.8%). There is no significant difference in the amount of root resorption identified in the three software, p<0.05 and there is significant correlation (r = 0.98, p < 0.01) between all three softwares. Conclusion: RadiAnt DICOM, Planmeca and iCAT are reliable in assessing prognosis of impacted canine and external root resorption. Hence, mastering the skills in manipulating various CBCT softwares are essential among practitioners. Keywords: CBCT software, external root resorption, iCAT, impacted canine, Planmeca

FF-14 THE ASSESSMENT OF PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES USING GENERAL ORAL HEALTH ASSESSMENT INDEX (GOHAI) AMONG COMPLETE DENTURE PATIENTS IN USIM POLYCLINIC Nurul Hanan Mazlan, Aqilah Salmi Abdul Salam, Wan Nor Syariza Wan Ali1 , Nusima1 , Hazira M Yusof1 1 Clinical Lecturer, Dept of Conservative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, USIM. Background: Edentulism remains as a major disease worldwide especially among older adults affecting their quality of life in masticatory function, speech, and comfort. Complete dentures are offered to edentulous people to address these problems while improving their quality of life. Objective: To assess the quality of life using the General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) focusing on physical function, oro-facial pain and psychosocial impact among complete denture patients in USIM polyclinic. Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out to 50 patients with complete dentures treated by USIM undergraduate dental students from the year 2019 to 2022. Patients had to complete the Malay version of GOHAI questionnaire through phone calls or online interviews. Results: The participants consisted of 58% male and 42% female patients with the average age of 60-69 years old. 98% of the patients requested for new dentures to improve their chewing ability. The highest mean score was 3.34 (+1.39) for satisfaction with the appearance while the lowest mean score was 0.72 (+ 1.10) for limiting themselves from contacting other people. Conclusion: The quality of life of edentulous patients was mostly affected by oral function and aesthetic view and it has been improved with complete dentures. Keywords: Psychometric, GOHAI, Complete Denture, Pain, Edentulous FF-13 THE PREVALENCE OF IMPACTED CANINE AND ASSOCIATED ADJACENT TOOTH EXTERNAL ROOT RESORPTION: THE COMPARISON OF THREE CONE BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SOFTWARES Norazri NN1 , Tan PL2 , Marizan Nor M3 , Wahab RMA4 , Fauzi A5 1 Department of Family Health, Faculty of Dentistry, UKM 2 Department of Craniofacial Diagnostics & Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, UKM Background: Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is widely used to identify the location and prognosis of impacted canine (IC) and its risk of external root resorption to the adjacent tooth. Nevertheless, the interpretation of CBCT image may vary depending on the machine, software sensitivity and the skill of the operator. Objective: The purpose of this studyis to identify the prevalence of IC and the related external root resorption of adjacent teeth, and to compare the reliability of 3 CBCT softwares in determining the external root resorption in ICcases. Materials and methods: 181 CBCT images with IC taken from Planmeca and iCAT machines were included in this study. The position of IC and presence of adjacent tooth external root resorption were determined using iCAT Vision, Planmeca Romexis & RadiAnt DICOM software viewer. The presence and grading of root resorption were compared between 2 recommended software by the supplier and alternative online software. Results: The prevalence of impacted canine cases is 8.67%. The incidence of external root resorption relatedto impacted canine is 24.3% with grade 3 (13.8%). There is no significant difference in the amount of root resorption identified in the three software, p<0.05 and there is significant correlation (r = 0.98, p < 0.01) between all three softwares. Conclusion: RadiAnt DICOM, Planmeca and iCAT are reliable in assessing prognosis of impacted canine and external root resorption. Hence, mastering the skills in manipulating various CBCT softwares are essential among practitioners. Keywords: CBCT software, external root resorption, iCAT, impacted canine, Planmeca

3. Research Roadmap Abstracts

RESEARCH ROADMAP SCHEDULE 15th NDSSC 2023 Venue: Auditorium, Institute of Research Management & Monitoring IPPP, Universiti Malaya 17th (SaturdayJune 2023 15th National Dental Students Scientific Conference (15th NDSSC), 2023 Date: 17th (Saturday) June 2023 Venue: Seminar Room 1, Institute of Research Management & Monitoring IPPP, Universiti Malaya. RESEARCH ROADMAP SCHEDULE No. Time Presenters University Title P1 10:00 am -10:10 am Asha Sharma Pusnaa A/P S Narayanan Tan Pei Ying MAHSA The destaining efficacy of strawberry juice, pineapple juice and honey solu�on on coffee-induced extrinsic tooth discolora�on: an in vitro study P2 10:10 am-10:20 am Soo Huey Chin Lim Beng Tat UM Middle mesial canal in mandibular first molar with cone-beam Computed tomography P3 10:20 am -10:30 am Nur Adlina A Halim Norsyamimi Mohammad IIUM Establishing h angle hard and so� �ssue norms in skeletal Class I Malay adult females and the correla�on between the H angles and visual percep�on of laypersons P4 10:30 am – 10:40 am Kee Sin Tong Yap Yen Yee Elaine MUCM Evalua�on of prevalence of accessory mental foramen in Malaysian popula�on – a cross sec�onal retrospec�ve study P5 10:40 am -10:50 am Kaneesha A/P Chandrasekaran Kar�keya A/L Sridharan AIMST Analysis of smile pa�erns and upper lip curvatures in three major ethnic and gender groups in AIMST University Dental Centre, Malaysia: An in-vivo Study P6 10:50 am -11: 00 am Si� Zuraidah Adam Izzah Ameerah Ridzuan UKM Effect of aromatherapy on dental anxiety among oral surgery Pa�ents: a randomised controlled trial P7 11:00 am -11:10 am Nurul Syafiqah Shaifulizan Nur Qis�na Mohd Hafidin LUC Knowledge, a�tude and prac�ces of ergonomics in den�stry among undergraduate dental students in Lincoln University College P8 11:10 am -11:20 am Durratul Aqwa Mohd Farid Nur A’fifah Husna Zahari USIM A preliminary inves�ga�on on the mechanical and biological proper�es of PMMA incorporated with micropar�cles zirconia waste on 3D-printed denture Base P9 11:20 am -11:30 am Ho Pei Ni Lim Zhi Xin PIDC Development of a customized audit checklist for dental record keeping in Penang Interna�onal Dental College (PIDC) P10 11:30 am -11:40 am John Giam Ming Hui Koo Ching Wern SEGI Lip prominence between races measured using lateral cephalogram through different reference planes P11 11:40 am -11:50 am Nur Amalia Mohd Hanifah UiTM Comparison of UDMA monomer elu�on between indirect composites when subjected to thermocycling 15th National Dental Students Scientific Conference (15th NDSSC), 2023 Date: 17th (Saturday) June 2023 Venue: Seminar Room 1, Institute of Research Management & Monitoring IPPP, Universiti Malaya. RESEARCH ROADMAP SCHEDULE No. Time Presenters University Title P1 10:00 am -10:10 am Asha Sharma Pusnaa A/P S Narayanan Tan Pei Ying MAHSA The destaining efficacy of strawberry juice, pineapple juice and honey solu�on on coffee-induced extrinsic tooth discolora�on: an in vitro study P2 10:10 am-10:20 am Soo Huey Chin Lim Beng Tat UM Middle mesial canal in mandibular first molar with cone-beam Computed tomography P3 10:20 am -10:30 am Nur Adlina A Halim Norsyamimi Mohammad IIUM Establishing h angle hard and so� �ssue norms in skeletal Class I Malay adult females and the correla�on between the H angles and visual percep�on of laypersons P4 10:30 am – 10:40 am Kee Sin Tong Yap Yen Yee Elaine MUCM Evalua�on of prevalence of accessory mental foramen in Malaysian popula�on – a cross sec�onal retrospec�ve study P5 10:40 am -10:50 am Kaneesha A/P Chandrasekaran Kar�keya A/L Sridharan AIMST Analysis of smile pa�erns and upper lip curvatures in three major ethnic and gender groups in AIMST University Dental Centre, Malaysia: An in-vivo Study P6 10:50 am -11: 00 am Si� Zuraidah Adam Izzah Ameerah Ridzuan UKM Effect of aromatherapy on dental anxiety among oral surgery Pa�ents: a randomised controlled trial P7 11:00 am -11:10 am Nurul Syafiqah Shaifulizan Nur Qis�na Mohd Hafidin LUC Knowledge, a�tude and prac�ces of ergonomics in den�stry among undergraduate dental students in Lincoln University College P8 11:10 am -11:20 am Durratul Aqwa Mohd Farid Nur A’fifah Husna Zahari USIM A preliminary inves�ga�on on the mechanical and biological proper�es of PMMA incorporated with micropar�cles zirconia waste on 3D-printed denture Base P9 11:20 am -11:30 am Ho Pei Ni Lim Zhi Xin PIDC Development of a customized audit checklist for dental record keeping in Penang Interna�onal Dental College (PIDC) P10 11:30 am -11:40 am John Giam Ming Hui Koo Ching Wern SEGI Lip prominence between races measured using lateral cephalogram through different reference planes P11 11:40 am -11:50 am Nur Amalia Mohd Hanifah UiTM Comparison of UDMA monomer elu�on between indirect composites when subjected to thermocycling Sheriffah Nur Athirah al-Idid Syed Mohammed Idid P12 11:50 am -12:00 am Brenda Lim Wei Yi Chong Chia Meng IMU The effects of dental pulp and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell Condi�oned media on oral cancer cells in 2d and 3d culture condi�ons

RESEARCH ROADMAP (ON-SITE POSTER PRESENTATION) ABSTRACTS P1 THE DESTAINING EFFICACY OF STRAWBERRY JUICE, PINEAPPLE JUICE AND HONEY SOLUTION ON COFFEEINDUCED EXTRINSIC TOOTH DISCOLORATION: AN IN VITRO STUDY Asha Sharma Pusnaa A/P S Narayanan1,Tan Pei Ying1,Tay Kit Ken1, Yeannie Yap Hui Yeng1 * 1 Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Jalan SP 2, Bandar Saujana Putra, 42610 Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia Background: Conventional teeth whitening agents can have detrimental effects on enamel if not used appropriately. In contrast, natural agents such as strawberry, pineapple, and honey, which contain malic acid, bromelain, and hydrogen peroxide respectively, are believed to be safer alternatives for teeth whitening. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of these natural agents in removing coffee stains and to identify the most effective agent. Materials and methods: An in vitro study was conducted using 50 extracted permanent anterior teeth. The teeth were randomly divided into 5 groups: artificial saliva, 35% hydrogen peroxide, strawberry juice, pineapple juice, and honey solution. The teeth were stained and then treated with the respective agents twice daily for 3 weeks. Tooth shade was assessed using Konica Minolta Spectrophotometer CM-5 at baseline, after staining, and at 1, 2, and 3 weeks post-treatment. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis test and Tukey post-HOC test in IBM® SPSS® software. Results: Statistical tests showed no significant differences in ΔE between 35% hydrogen peroxide (positive control) and strawberry juice (p>0.99). However, significant differences in ΔE are found between 35% hydrogen peroxide (positive control) and pineapple juice (p=0.002), as well as honey solution (p<0.001). Conclusion: Based on the results, strawberry juice demonstrated comparable whitening efficacy as compared to 35% hydrogen peroxide, making it a potential alternative in removing extrinsic coffee stains. However, there is no evidence to support the bleaching effects of pineapple juice and honey solution, despite their claimed benefits for teeth whitening. Keywords: Tooth whitening, strawberry, pineapple , honey, extrinsic tooth discolouration

P2 MIDDLE MESIAL CANAL IN MANDIBULAR FIRST MOLAR WITH CONE-BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY Huey Chin Soo1, Beng Tat Lim1, Mariam Abdullah2, Nora Sakina Mohd Noor2 1Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Background: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is widely used in detecting middle mesial canal (MMC) in mandibular molars. Objectives: To investigate the prevalence and configuration of MMC and its location in mandibular permanent first molars in Malaysian subpopulation of patients in Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya through CBCT images. Materials and methods: Two hundred fifty-two CBCT images with mandibular first molars from 2015 to 2020 were collected from Radiology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya to evaluate for: (i) prevalence of MMC in different socio demographics; (ii) configuration of MMC according to Pomeranz’s classification (1983); (iii) distance of MMC orifice from cementoenamel junction (CEJ), mesiobuccal (MB) and mesiolingual (ML) canal. Chi-squared test and one-way ANOVA test were conducted for statistical analysis using SPSS. Results: The prevalence of MMC was 22.2% (56 of 252). There was no significant difference on the prevalence of MMC between gender, age group or ethnicity of Malaysian subpopulation (p > .05). Among the 56 MMCs, 37 (66.1%) were confluent, 14 (25.0%) were fin and 5 (8.9%) were independent. The mean distance of the MMC orifice from CEJ, MB canal and ML canal were (3.44±1.47) mm, (1.46±0.41) mm and (1.62±0.69) mm respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of MMC in Malaysian subpopulation was 22.2%. Confluent was the most prevalent configuration of MMC, followed by fin and independent. Fin type MMC showed higher mean distance from CEJ to MMC orifice. MMC orifice was closer to MB than to ML canal. Keywords: Prevalence, Molar, Cone-Beam Computed Tomography.

FF-14 THE ASSESSMENT OF PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES USING GENERAL ORAL HEALTH ASSESSMENT INDEX (GOHAI) AMONG COMPLETE DENTURE PATIENTS IN USIM POLYCLINIC Nurul Hanan Mazlan, Aqilah Salmi Abdul Salam, Wan Nor Syariza Wan Ali1 , Nusima1 , Hazira M Yusof1 1 Clinical Lecturer, Dept of Conservative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, USIM. Background: Edentulism remains as a major disease worldwide especially among older adults affecting their quality of life in masticatory function, speech, and comfort. Complete dentures are offered to edentulous people to address these problems while improving their quality of life. Objective: To assess the quality of life using the General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) focusing on physical function, oro-facial pain and psychosocial impact among complete denture patients in USIM polyclinic. Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out to 50 patients with complete dentures treated by USIM undergraduate dental students from the year 2019 to 2022. Patients had to complete the Malay version of GOHAI questionnaire through phone calls or online interviews. Results: The participants consisted of 58% male and 42% female patients with the average age of 60-69 years old. 98% of the patients requested for new dentures to improve their chewing ability. The highest mean score was 3.34 (+1.39) for satisfaction with the appearance while the lowest mean score was 0.72 (+ 1.10) for limiting themselves from contacting other people. Conclusion: The quality of life of edentulous patients was mostly affected by oral function and aesthetic view and it has been improved with complete dentures. Keywords: Psychometric, GOHAI, Complete Denture, Pain, Edentulous P3 ESTABLISHING H ANGLE HARD AND SOFT TISSUE NORMS IN SKELETAL CLASS I MALAY ADULT FEMALES AND THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE H ANGLES AND VISUAL PERCEPTION OF LAYPERSONS Nur Adlina binti A Halim1, Norsyamimi binti Mohammad1, Cheong Joo Ming2, Mohamad Shafiq bin Mohd Ibrahim3 1 Dental students, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, IIUM 2Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, IIUM 3Lecturer, Department of Paediatric Dentistry & Dental Public Health, Kulliyyah of Dentistry, IIUM Background: The H angles determine the facial outline which may affect patient's aesthetic value following orthodontic treatment. Objectives: To establish the cephalometric norms of H angle hard tissue and soft tissue of Malaysian Malay adult females, and to evaluate the correlation between H angles and visual perception in skeletal Class I Malay adult females. Material and methods: 85 lateral cephalograms of skeletal Class I (mean ANB value= 3.15±0.77) Malaysian Malay females aged 20-40 years (mean age= 28.6±5.86) taken from October 2017 to December 2021 were measured for H angle soft tissue and hard tissue. 20 silhouettes were then converted from cephalograms and were rated according to facial convexity/concavity by 20 laypersons, with re-evaluation after 2 weeks for intra- and interexaminer reliability. Results: Means soft tissue and hard tissue H angles were 15.75°±4.16° and 11.64°±4.71° respectively. The intra-examiner reliability test for visual perception ranged from -0.89 to 0.96 indicating poor to excellent reliability, whereas the inter-examiner reliability test was 0.82 indicating good reliability. A highly statistically significant association between soft tissue and hard tissue H angles (r=0.938; p<0.01) was found. There was no correlation between H angles and visual perception. Conclusion: The cephalometric norms of H angle hard and soft tissue in the Malaysian Malay female population were established: 11.64° (±4.71°) and 15.75° (±4.16°) respectively. There was a strong correlation between H angle soft tissue and H angle hard tissue amongst skeletal Class I Malay adult females. There was no correlation between H angles and the visual perception of laypersons. Keywords: Orthodontics, Visual Perception, Holdaway Angle

FF-15 THE LEAD TIME AND CYCLE TIME OF FIRST TIME VISIT PATIENT AT DENTAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER LEARNING Abdul Rahim bin Zainal Abidin, Muhammad Akmal bin Mazeni, Nahiyatul Syaqira binti Roslan, Ajay Telang1 , Fawaz Shamim Ahmad Siddiqui1 1 Penang International Dental College, Penang, Malaysia Background: Patients' satisfaction with their dental care provider is an important predictor of their willingness to return for follow-up visits, their cooperation with treatment recommendations, and the likelihood that they will recommend their provider to other patients. This research idea originated to examine and quantify the relationship between lead time, cycle time, and satisfaction outcomes at Penang International Dental College (PIDC) clinics. Also, to assess how this relationship varies depending on the amount of time spent waiting. Materials and methods: The study was an observational study that included all patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria for this study. The first part of the data was collected by shadowing the patient. The second part of the data was collected using the visit satisfaction questionnaire (VSQ) feedback from the patients. Results: The Lead time for patients in the clinic averaged 123.8 minutes, and the average cycle time for each stage - registration, consultation, treatment and payment averaged 56.17, 159.2, 45.29, and 15.03 minutes, respectively. Patients were overall satisfied with the waiting time and care provided by Penang International Dental College clinic. Conclusion: The average lead time (throughput time) for patient services at the PIDC clinic is considered reasonable at just over two hours (123 minutes). The VSQ results indicate that the wait time/cycle time/lead time perceived by patients for the first-time visit, is above satisfaction and is within reasonable limits compared to the literature. Keywords: Lead time, Cycle time, Patient Satisfaction. P4 EVALUATION OF PREVALENCE OF ACCESSORY MENTAL FORAMEN IN MALAYSIAN POPULATION – A CROSS SECTIONAL RETROSPECTIVE STUDY Yap Yen Yee Elaine1, Kee Sin Tong1*, Woon Ying Chia1, Ip Kah Yan1, Dr. Vandrangi Sameer Kumar2, Prof. Dr. Htoo Htoo Kyaw Soe3 1 Student, Faculty of Dentistry, Manipal University College Malaysia. 2 Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Manipal University College Malaysia. 3 Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Manipal University College Malaysia. Background: The mental foramen (MF) is a bilateral funnel like opening in the vestibular portion of the mandible. The mental foramen is the portal of exit for the mental nerve, which is a branch of the inferior alveolar nerve together with corresponding arteries and veins. The mental foramen normally appears as a single structure, but there are reports on the anatomical variations of the mental foramen, such as the presence of accessory mental foramen (AMF). This anatomical variation cannot be evaluated by conventional imaging techniques. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides three-dimensional reliable images of the maxilla-mandibular region. Hence, it plays an important role to detect and evaluate the AMF to prevent intra- and postoperative complications. Objective: To assess the prevalence of AMF in patients visiting Klinik Pergigian MUCM. Materials and methods: Three-dimensional, cross-sectional, and axial images of CBCT from a total 715 patients were evaluated. The prevalence of AMF in male and female patients were analysed. Results: A total of 49 AMFs were observed in 47(6.57%) patients. AMFs were observed bilaterally in 2 patients. Prevalence rate of AMF in males was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that in females. Conclusion: Knowledge of AMF is important for performing effective nerve block and avoiding injuries to neurovascular bundles passing through AMF. The higher prevalence of AMF in male patients necessitates extra caution during surgical interventions involving the anterior mandible in male patients. Keywords: Accessory mental foramen, Mental foramen

FF-16 KNOWLEDGE, PERCEPTION, AND PRACTICE OF COVID-19 DURING ENDEMIC ERA AMONG PRIVATE DENTISTS IN KLANG VALLEY: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY Siti Sarah Rosli, Nur Rashidah Mahat, Laila Azwa Hassan1 , Siti Nur Farhanah Mohd Desa2 , John Chong Keat Hon3 1 Department of Restorative Dentistry and Prosthodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, USIM 2Department of Periodontology and Community Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, USIM 3 Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Pathology, and Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, USIM Background: Dentists are at risk of contracting COVID-19 due to the nature of work that exposed to aerosols containing saliva. Thus, it is critical to assess current practices to set up safe practices for dental professionals. The information on the practice of dentists towards COVID-19 in Malaysia is still scarce. Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, perception, and practice of private dentists in Klang Valley during COVID-19 endemic era. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study used a validated online self-administered questionnaire and a Likert scale was used to employ the questionnaires. Descriptive analysis and correlation tests were used to analyse data and the significance level was set at p <0.05. Results: A total of 120 private dentists participated in this study. 89% of dentists are aware of the Clinical Practising Guidelines (CPG). The majority of dentists perceived their profession exposed them more to COVID-19 which is a serious health issue. Nearly all of dentists think that COVID-19 has an impact on dental attendees. Only one-third of dentists consider that patients are required to do COVID-19 tests prior to treatment. A significant number of vaccinated dentists work with vaccinated staff and use effective infection control measures. Conclusion: Private dentists showed poor knowledge on symptoms and medium transmission of COVID-19. Only less than 15% of dentists apply perfect practice of COVID-19 management. Hence, it is strongly recommended that CPG should be reinforced among dentists to raise dental care quality and lower the probability of COVID-19 transmission. Keywords: COVID-19, knowledge, perception, practice, dentistry. P5 ANALYSIS OF SMILE PATTERNS AND UPPER LIP CURVATURES IN THREE MAJOR ETHNIC AND GENDER GROUPS IN AIMST UNIVERSITY DENTAL CENTRE, MALAYSIA: AN IN-VIVO STUDY Kaneesha A/P Chandrasekaran1, Kartikeya A/L Sridharan1, Keshavani A/P Tanabalan1 , Khoo Jo Yee1 , Erry Mochamad Arief2*, Hasnah Binti Hashim3 1 Faculty of Dentistry, Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology (AIMST) University. 2Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology (AIMST) University. 3Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology (AIMST) University. Background: Smiling is an essential aspect of facial aesthetics that communicates emotions and social signals. Limited research on smile patterns and upper lip curvatures was conducted across different ethnicities and genders, which might influence aesthetics and dental condition. Objective: This study aimed to compare smile patterns and upper lip curvatures across the three major ethnic groups and genders at AIMST University Dental Centre in Kedah, Malaysia. Materials and methods: A total of 30 participants, equally distributed across the three ethnic groups and genders, aged 18 to 44 years old, were involved in this study. A room in AIMST Dental Centre was set up in which a camera was placed on a tripod 100 cm from the participant. The camera lens was adjusted parallel to the ala-tragus line, and only the part between the nose and chin was focused. Two images were taken of each participant, one with the lips at rest and another with a maximum dynamic smile. The Smiles patterns and Upper lip curvatures were categorised into three classifications for each. Fisher’s exact test was used to analyse data. Results: Indians had the highest percentage of canine smiles (60.0%) and upward upper lip curvatures (80.0%). Meanwhile, there was no association between smile patterns and ethnicities, nor between smile patterns or upper lip curvatures and genders. Still, there was an association between upper lip curvatures and ethnicities (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings could have implications for aesthetic dental treatments, especially for different ethnic groups in upper lip curvatures. Keywords: smile pattern, upper lip curvature, Malay, Chinese, Indian.

P6 EFFECT OF AROMATHERAPY ON DENTAL ANXIETY AMONG ORAL SURGERY PATIENTS: A RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL Adam SZ1, Ridzuan IA1, Nordin R1 , Ashar A2 , Soh HY1 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 UKM Kuala Lumpur, WP Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2 Department of Craniofacial Diagnostic and Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 UKM Kuala Lumpur, WP Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Background: Dental anxiety is a common problem among patients undergoing dental treatments, particularly oral surgery procedures. Aromatherapy is considered as complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) which uses essential oil (EO) as a nonpharmacological intervention. Objective: This study aimed to investigate and compare the effects of aromatherapy essential oils on dental anxiety among patients undergoing oral surgery. Materials and methods: A double-blinded randomised controlled trial (RCT) was conducted involving patients aged 18 years and above undergoing minor oral surgery and dental extractions at Klinik Bedah Mulut, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). The participants were randomised into 4 groups: 3 intervention groups received aromatherapy with lavender, orange, or lemongrass essential oils, while the control group received water as a placebo. Blood pressure and heart rate changes were recorded, and the levels of dental anxiety were assessed using Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) before and after the treatment. The data were analysed using a Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Dunn’s pairwise test, and Mann-Whitney test. Results: A total of 139 patients completed the study. Lavender and Orange show a significant reduction in anxiety response compared to placebo groups while the lemongrass essential oil groups do not show significant reduction anxiety response. Conclusion: This study could support the practice of diffusing essential oil as ancillary in reducing anxiety level of patients undergoing extraction and minor oral surgery. Keywords: Aromatherapy, Essential oil, Dental Anxiety, Oral Surgery, Modified Dental Anxiety Scale

FF-18 TREATMENT EFFECTS OF TOTAL ARCH DISTALISATION USING TADS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW Yun Yi Chan1 , Amelie Hui Jing Yong1 , May Nak Lau2 , Saritha Sivarajan2 1 Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2 Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Background: Total arch distalisation using temporary anchorage devices (TADs) has gained popularity in the recent years. Objective: This review systematically evaluated evidence regarding treatment effects of maxillary and mandibular total arch distalisation using TADs. Methods: Electronic database search in six databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, Scopus, Wiley, Cochrane Library) and one register (ClinicalTrials.gov) with no language and publication date limitations and hand search of two main orthodontic journals were conducted for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomised prospective studies (NRSs) involving patients who required total arch distalisation using TADs. Cochrane's risk of bias tool 2.0, Risk of Bias in Nonrandomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool, and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach were used for quality assessment. Results: A total of 3430 articles were identified. Two RCTs and two NRSs were finally included. Three studies were of moderate, and one study was of low risk of bias. According to GRADE, low to very low quality of evidence showed that total arch distalisation using TADs caused significant dental (incisor retraction and molar distalisation), skeletal (changes in anteroposterior dimension), and soft tissue changes (reduction in upper and lower lip procumbence). Very low quality of evidence showed short treatment duration (6-11 months) and high success rate of TADs (> 86%). Conclusion: In conclusion, significant anteroposterior dental, skeletal, and soft tissue changes can be achieved for total arch distalisation using TADs. However, the quality of evidence were low to very low with moderate to low risk of bias. Keywords: TADs, total arch distalisation, systematic review, orthodontic anchorage procedures, miniscrew P7 KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICES OF ERGONOMICS IN DENTISTRY AMONG UNDERGRADUATE DENTAL STUDENTS IN LINCOLN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE Nurul Syafiqah Shaifulizan1, Nur Qistina Mohd Hafidin1, Vinay Marla2 1 Undergraduate Student, Faculty of Dentistry, Lincoln University College,Jalan SS6/12, 47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor 2Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Lincoln University College,Jalan SS 6/12, 47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Background: Ergonomics are important aspects in clinical dental practice which have always been underestimated. The successful application of ergonomics among dental students ensures high productivity and avoidance of illness and injuries. Objective: This research aims to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of ergonomics in dentistry among undergraduate clinical year dental students of Lincoln University College. Materials and methods: A total of 50 participants from Lincoln University College, Faculty of Dentistry were selected. All participants answered the questionnaire comprising 30 questions, which is split into 16 knowledge questions, 8 attitude questions, and 6 practice questions. In addition, another scoring was done by our supervisor to assess the practice of ergonomics in a clinical setting and scores were given based on the posture of the participant selected. Results: The overall response rate is 98%. All the participants thought that they had good knowledge, with 61.2% of participants thought that they had full knowledge regarding ergonomics in dentistry. 95.9% of participants preferred that dental ergonomics should be taught in undergraduate dental curriculum. 87.8% of participants did not do stretching exercises in between waiting for patients. More than half of participants (69.4%) perform an exercise routine as a part of their lifestyle to prevent occupational disorder. Conclusion: This study has shown that undergraduate students from Lincoln University College have good knowledge of ergonomics in dentistry but still have poor implementation of it. Therefore, reinforcement of ergonomics should be taken seriously since early clinical years. Keyword: Ergonomics, WMSD, occupational disorder

FF-14 THE ASSESSMENT OF PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES USING GENERAL ORAL HEALTH ASSESSMENT INDEX (GOHAI) AMONG COMPLETE DENTURE PATIENTS IN USIM POLYCLINIC Nurul Hanan Mazlan, Aqilah Salmi Abdul Salam, Wan Nor Syariza Wan Ali1 , Nusima1 , Hazira M Yusof1 1 Clinical Lecturer, Dept of Conservative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, USIM. Background: Edentulism remains as a major disease worldwide especially among older adults affecting their quality of life in masticatory function, speech, and comfort. Complete dentures are offered to edentulous people to address these problems while improving their quality of life. Objective: To assess the quality of life using the General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) focusing on physical function, oro-facial pain and psychosocial impact among complete denture patients in USIM polyclinic. Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out to 50 patients with complete dentures treated by USIM undergraduate dental students from the year 2019 to 2022. Patients had to complete the Malay version of GOHAI questionnaire through phone calls or online interviews. Results: The participants consisted of 58% male and 42% female patients with the average age of 60-69 years old. 98% of the patients requested for new dentures to improve their chewing ability. The highest mean score was 3.34 (+1.39) for satisfaction with the appearance while the lowest mean score was 0.72 (+ 1.10) for limiting themselves from contacting other people. Conclusion: The quality of life of edentulous patients was mostly affected by oral function and aesthetic view and it has been improved with complete dentures. Keywords: Psychometric, GOHAI, Complete Denture, Pain, Edentulous P8 A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION ON THE MECHANICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PMMA INCORPORATED WITH MICROPARTICLES ZIRCONIA WASTE ON 3D-PRINTED DENTURE BASE Nur A’fifah Husna Zahari1, Durratul Aqwa Mohd Farid1, Muhammad Syafiq Alauddin2*, Zulfahmi Said3, Mohd Ifwat Mohd Ghazali4, HaoErn Lee1 and Syazwani Mohamad Zol1 1 Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 55100, Malaysia 2 Department of Conservative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 55100, Malaysia 3 Department of Basic Sciences and Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 55100, Malaysia 4 Smart Manufacturing and Advanced Renewable Technology Research Group, Faculty Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia Background: There are numerous methods of denture base fabrication, including traditional and digital manufacturing, which include subtractive manufacturing and additive manufacturing, also known as three-dimensional (3D) printing. Due to the demand of increasing performance of 3Dprinted denture base, multiple studies on material including material polymerization and blending had been done previously. Objective: This study aims to incorporate microparticles zirconia waste into commercially available 3D printing denture base resin and compare it with the conventional polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base specifically in the mechanical and biological properties. Materials and method: Microparticles zirconia waste collected from the milling of blank and further blended with the NextDent 3D printing denture base resin. Ideal ratio composition of Zirconia microparticles was obtained (2%) and printed using liquid-crystal display (LCD) 3D printer. Mechanical and biological characterization were carried out in terms of flexural strength, fracture toughness, colony forming unit (CFU) count and also fluorescence microscopy test. Results: It showed that the incorporation of microparticles zirconia waste in the 3D-printed denture shows higher mechanical strength (104.77 ± 7.60 MPa) compared to conventional heatcured denture (75.15 ± 24.41 MPa); however, the mechanical strength deteriorates when compared to the unmodified 3D printing resin (122.17 ± 11.58 MPa). Notwithstanding, the modified 3D-printed denture showed greater antibacterial activity (1184.00 ±243.25 ܨܥ (݈݉/ܷthan the unmodified resin(1486.50 ±103.94 ܨܥ .(݈݉/ܷThis study confirms that the incorporation of microparticles in the 3D-printed denture base showed great potential in enhancing the mechanical and biological properties of the denture base compared with conventional and 3D printing techniques. Keyword: Additive manufacturing; denture base; microparticles; PMMA; zirconia; 3D printing

P9 DEVELOPMENT OF A CUSTOMIZED AUDIT CHECKLIST FOR DENTAL RECORD KEEPING IN PENANG INTERNATIONAL DENTAL COLLEGE (PIDC) Pei Ni Ho, Zhi Xin Lim*, Renisha Vikneshwary, Ajay Telang1, Fawaz Shamim Ahmad Siddiqui2 1 Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Penang International Dental College 2 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Penang International Dental College Background: Good record keeping practices are crucial to ensure a well-organized and efficient treatment process in the dental clinic. Existing audit checklists need to be modified to meet the needs of each specific dental clinic. Objective: This study is aimed to develop an audit checklist for assessing dental record keeping in Penang International Dental College (PIDC), Malaysia. Methods: A prototype checklist with 18 criteria was constructed based on available professional guidelines and literatures. A pilot study was done to evaluate the usability of the checklist in daily clinical practice and the agreement among the authors. The checklist was then modified to 27 criteria and was named DENtal Record Keeping (DENRK) checklist. To validate the checklist, the authors individually audited randomly-selected patient records (n=200) in PIDC between July 2021 to December 2021. Results: Patient records were found to be compliant in 12 out of the 27 criteria, and the remaining were under opportunity for improvements (OFIs). Qualitative data collection was done by interviewing supervisors and clinical staff (n=6). The DENRK checklist was revised and finalized with 24 criteria after qualitative data collection. A policy on good clinical record keeping is proposed and forwarded to the higher authorities. Conclusion: The audit checklist served as an essential tool to educate clinical staff and students about the importance of dental record keeping. Six-monthly regular audit is recommended for continuous quality improvement and to enhance practice management along with improving patient treatment outcomes. Keywords: clinical audit, patient record, checklist

Sheriffah Nur Athirah al-Idid Syed Mohammed Idid P12 11:50 am -12:00 am Brenda Lim Wei Yi Chong Chia Meng IMU The effects of dental pulp and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell Condi�oned media on oral cancer cells in 2d and 3d culture condi�ons P10 LIP PROMINENCE BETWEEN RACES MEASURED USING LATERAL CEPHALOGRAM THROUGH DIFFERENT REFERENCE PLANES John Giam Ming Hui1*, Koo Ching Wern1, Grace Neoh Gaik Cheng1 , Ibrahim Magdi Ahmed Magdi1 , Dr. Priyank Seth1 1 Faculty of Dentistry, SEGi University Background: The soft tissue profile of the individual will affect the orthodontic treatment plan and final outcome. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the lip prominence between Malaysian Malay, Chinese and Indian measured using lateral cephalogram through different reference planes. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study reporting on 20 patients of each racial group. The lateral cephalograms were uploaded to WebCeph and variable reference points were measured and calculated in relation to the lips. Descriptive statistics were drawn using IBM-SPSS version 22. Comparison was performed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at significance level 0.05. Results: Comparisons of lip prominence among the Malaysian population showed significant differences. For S-line upper show more protrusive lips in Malays with a mean value of 4.69mm, while E-plane upper show more retrusive lips in Indians populations with a mean value of -2.25mm, B-line and sushner’s upper show a more retruded lower lips in Indian population giving a mean value of 3.86mm and 9.51mm respectively. While the other reference plane was giving no significant difference between populations, especially the lower lips. There was also minor variation among Malaysian Malays and Chinese. Conclusion: Malaysian Indians have less prominent lips than Malay and Chinese. A standardised comparison with the peer group of the same ethnicity is needed for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Keywords: Lip prominence, Lateral cephalogram, Orthodontic diagnosis, Orthodontic treatment planning.

Sheriffah Nur Athirah al-Idid Syed Mohammed Idid P12 11:50 am -12:00 am Brenda Lim Wei Yi Chong Chia Meng IMU The effects of dental pulp and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell Condi�oned media on oral cancer cells in 2d and 3d culture condi�ons P11 COMPARISON OF UDMA MONOMER ELUTION BETWEEN INDIRECT COMPOSITES WHEN SUBJECTED TO THERMOCYCLING Nur Amalia Mohd Hanifah1, Sheriffah Nur Athirah Al-Idid Syed Mohammed Idid1, Lee Wei May2, Ikmal Hisham Ismail2 1Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA 2 Centre of Comprehensive Care Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA Background: Monomer elution from restorations may affect the oral mucosa and health. To date, monomer elution of urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) from different computer-aided design and computed manufacturing (CAD/CAM) resin-based composite blocks (RCBs) has not been well elucidated. Objective: The purpose of this in vitro study was to identify and quantify UDMA monomer elution of two different CAD/CAM resin-based composite blocks before and after thermocycling. Materials and Methods: This study investigated two different RCBs; Vita Enamic (VE), a polymer-infiltrated resin network (PICN) material and Shofu Block (SB). Twenty 14x12x4 mm samples from each material were prepared and pre-soaked in artificial saliva at 37ºC for 24 hours before subjecting to 10,000 thermocycling cycles. Sample extractions were taken after 24 hours soaking, 500 and 10,000 thermocycling cycles. Analysis of UDMA monomer elusion was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: No quantifiable level of UDMA was found in both samples before thermocycling. After 500 cycles of thermocycling, 0.04mg/ml UDMA monomers was presented from SB, with no UDMA was detected from VE. At 10000 thermocycling cycles, equal amount of UDMA elution (0.01mg/ml) was detected for both samples. However, Kruskal-Wallis test was conducted, the results between all groups were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: CAD/CAM RCBs tested, release different amounts of UDMA monomer after 10,000 cycles of thermocycling but the monomer elution pattern declines over time for SB. VE is less affected by accelerated aging compared to SB. However, the UDMA detected may be below the safety limit. Keywords: urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), monomer elution, resinbased composite blocks (RCBs), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), thermocycling

P2 MIDDLE MESIAL CANAL IN MANDIBULAR FIRST MOLAR WITH CONE-BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY Huey Chin Soo1, Beng Tat Lim1, Mariam Abdullah2, Nora Sakina Mohd Noor2 1Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Background: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is widely used in detecting middle mesial canal (MMC) in mandibular molars. Objectives: To investigate the prevalence and configuration of MMC and its location in mandibular permanent first molars in Malaysian subpopulation of patients in Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya through CBCT images. Materials and methods: Two hundred fifty-two CBCT images with mandibular first molars from 2015 to 2020 were collected from Radiology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya to evaluate for: (i) prevalence of MMC in different socio demographics; (ii) configuration of MMC according to Pomeranz’s classification (1983); (iii) distance of MMC orifice from cementoenamel junction (CEJ), mesiobuccal (MB) and mesiolingual (ML) canal. Chi-squared test and one-way ANOVA test were conducted for statistical analysis using SPSS. Results: The prevalence of MMC was 22.2% (56 of 252). There was no significant difference on the prevalence of MMC between gender, age group or ethnicity of Malaysian subpopulation (p > .05). Among the 56 MMCs, 37 (66.1%) were confluent, 14 (25.0%) were fin and 5 (8.9%) were independent. The mean distance of the MMC orifice from CEJ, MB canal and ML canal were (3.44±1.47) mm, (1.46±0.41) mm and (1.62±0.69) mm respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of MMC in Malaysian subpopulation was 22.2%. Confluent was the most prevalent configuration of MMC, followed by fin and independent. Fin type MMC showed higher mean distance from CEJ to MMC orifice. MMC orifice was closer to MB than to ML canal. Keywords: Prevalence, Molar, Cone-Beam Computed Tomography. P12 THE EFFECTS OF DENTAL PULP AND BONE MARROW MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL CONDITIONED MEDIA ON ORAL CANCER CELLS IN 2D AND 3D CULTURE CONDITIONS Kathryn Tan1, Li-Gi Ong1, Wei Yi Brenda Lim1*, Chia Meng Chong1*, Prashanti Chippagiri2, Spoorthi Ravi Banavar2 1 School of Dentistry, International Medical University 2 Clinical Oral Health Sciences Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Background: The effects of mesenchymal stem cell conditioned media (MSC-CM) on various cancer cells have been studied extensively. However, their effects specifically on oral cancer cells remain unclear. Objective: This study aims to compare the effects of Bone Marrow and Dental Pulp MSC-Conditioned Media (MSC-CM) on OECM-1 oral cancer cell proliferation in traditional 2D and 3D cell culture methods. Materials and Methods: Bone marrow and dental pulp MSCs from Passage 4 (P4) were cultured for four weeks. Every third day, the culture supernatant was collected, filtered (now termed MSC-CM) and stored. Oral cancer (OECM-1) cells were cultured under the influence of different concentrations of MSC-CM in monolayer (2D), and spheroid and scaffold-based 3D culture methods. Proliferation of OECM-1 cells was assessed using alamarBlue assay for 2D and 3D scaffolds and ATP-based assay for 3D clumps on Days 3,5 and 7. Statistical analysis was done using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey. Results: There was a significant decrease in proliferation of OECM-1 cells on day 7 when treated with DPSC-CM. No significant changes were observed in BMMSC-CM. In 3D scaffolds, a reduction in cell numbers was observed on Day 7 for both MSC-CMs but was not statistically significant. However, in 3D spheroid cultures, a significant increase in cell proliferation was seen on Days 3 and 5 when cells were treated with DPMSC-CM, and on days 3,5 and 7 for cells cultured in BMMSC-CM. Conclusion: OECM-1 cells respond differently when treated with BMMSC-CM and DPSC-CM in 2D and 3D culture conditions, possibly due to interactions with their extracellular matrix when cells exist in spheroids. Keywords: Mesenchymal stem cells, Oral cancer cells, OECM-1, Dental pulp, Conditioned media

4. E-Poster Blitz Abstracts 69 15th National Dental Students Scientific Conference (15th NDSSC), 2023 Date: 17th (Saturday), June 2023 Venue: Interactive display panels at the Foyer and Dewan, Institute of Research Management & Monitoring (IPPP), Universiti Malaya E-POSTER BLITZ EVENT SCHEDULE No. Time Presenters University Title Supervisors EPB-1 Videos will be played throughout the conference time Tan Zi Ying AIMST Effect Of Academic Stress On Eating Habits Among Aimst Dental And Medical Students EPB-2 Yong Jie Hui Tan Joon Wei MUCM Influence Of 0.7mm Protective Sheet Incorporation To Photostimulable Phosphor Plate In Proximal Caries And Root Resorption Diagnosis Along With Patient Comfort – A Pilot Study Vijayendranath Sujir Nayak Htoo Htoo Kyaw Soe Siah May Peng Thong Jun Hong Preethy Mary Donald EPB-3 Jaaydev A/L Thermanathan AIMST The Prevelance Of Denture Hypersensitivity And Its Associated Factors Among Aimst Dental Students Hanusha Devi A/P Subramaniam Henry Wong Zhiwei Indhu A/P Manickam

70 E-POSTER BLITZ SCHEDULE 15th NDSSC 2023 Venue: Interactive display panels at the Foyer and Dewan, Institute of Research Management & Monitoring (IPPP), Universiti Malaya 17th (SaturdayJune 2023 15th National Dental Students Scientific Conference (15th NDSSC), 2023 Date: 17th (Saturday), June 2023 Venue: Interactive display panels at the Foyer and Dewan, Institute of Research Management & Monitoring (IPPP), Universiti Malaya E-POSTER BLITZ EVENT SCHEDULE No. Time Presenters University Title Supervisors EPB-1 Videos will be played throughout the conference time Tan Zi Ying AIMST Effect Of Academic Stress On Eating Habits Among Aimst Dental And Medical Students EPB-2 Yong Jie Hui Tan Joon Wei MUCM Influence Of 0.7mm Protective Sheet Incorporation To Photostimulable Phosphor Plate In Proximal Caries And Root Resorption Diagnosis Along With Patient Comfort – A Pilot Study Vijayendranath Sujir Nayak Htoo Htoo Kyaw Soe Siah May Peng Thong Jun Hong Preethy Mary Donald EPB-3 Jaaydev A/L Thermanathan AIMST The Prevelance Of Denture Hypersensitivity And Its Associated Factors Among Aimst Dental Students Hanusha Devi A/P Subramaniam Henry Wong Zhiwei Indhu A/P Manickam

71 E-POSTER BLITZ (EPB) ABSTRACTS EPB-1 EFFECT OF ACADEMIC STRESS ON EATING HABITS AMONG AIMST DENTAL AND MEDICAL STUDENTS TAN ZI YING Faculty of Dentistry, AIMST University Background: Stress is an important factor in overall health. The major type of stressors can have significant effect on eating habits. All individuals will have stress whether it was due to academic stress, a deadline at work, or simply too much to do. Stress and appetite have a definite connection but that connection may vary according to different individuals. There is a close relationship between sleep duration with increased food intake and academic stress. Shorter sleep duration and all other stress-related factors will interact and influence each other ultimately cause an impact on eating habits and overall health. Uncontrollable stress changes eating patterns leading to overeating or undereating and the salience and consumption of hyperpalatable foods. Objective: Thus, this qualitative study aimed to explore the relationship between academic stress and change in pattern of eating habits among the dental students and medical students. Materials & Methods: A total of 100 students were enrolled using convenience sampling. Dental and medical students from year 1 to year 5 who are currently studying in AIMST University were deemed eligible for the study. Four focus group sessions were conducted among the undergraduate dental and medical students. Results: Four themes were identified, namely ‘Influence of reduced physical exercise ‘, Trouble sleeping on stress and eating habits’, ‘Impact of acute and chronic stress on healthy diet’ and ‘Food preferences during stress’. The P-value obtained was significant. Conclusion: Most of the students were reported changing of their eating habits when they are stressed. The stress related factors primarily came from academic performance. Keywords: Stress, eating habits, stress-related factors, overeating, undereating, dental and medical students 15th National Dental Students Scientific Conference (15th NDSSC), 2023 Date: 17th (Saturday), June 2023 Venue: Interactive display panels at the Foyer and Dewan, Institute of Research Management & Monitoring (IPPP), Universiti Malaya E-POSTER BLITZ EVENT SCHEDULE No. Time Presenters University Title Supervisors EPB-1 Videos will be played throughout the conference time Tan Zi Ying AIMST Effect Of Academic Stress On Eating Habits Among Aimst Dental And Medical Students EPB-2 Yong Jie Hui Tan Joon Wei MUCM Influence Of 0.7mm Protective Sheet Incorporation To Photostimulable Phosphor Plate In Proximal Caries And Root Resorption Diagnosis Along With Patient Comfort – A Pilot Study Vijayendranath Sujir Nayak Htoo Htoo Kyaw Soe Siah May Peng Thong Jun Hong Preethy Mary Donald EPB-3 Jaaydev A/L Thermanathan AIMST The Prevelance Of Denture Hypersensitivity And Its Associated Factors Among Aimst Dental Students Hanusha Devi A/P Subramaniam Henry Wong Zhiwei Indhu A/P Manickam

72 EPB-2 INFLUENCE OF 0.7MM PROTECTIVE SHEET INCORPORATION TO PHOTOSTIMULABLE PHOSPHOR PLATE IN PROXIMAL CARIES AND ROOT RESORPTION DIAGNOSIS ALONG WITH PATIENT COMFORT – A PILOT STUDY Vijayendranath Sujir Nayak1, Htoo Htoo Kyaw Soe2, Yong Jie Hui2 , Tan Joon Wei2, Siah May Peng2, Thong Jun Hong2, Preethy Mary Donald1 1 Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Manipal University College Malaysia 2 Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Manipal University College Malaysia Background: Photostimulable phosphor (PSP) plate have been widely used in clinical practice. The flexibility of PSP plate is an advantage but may cause mechanical degradation of phosphor layer, which leads to costly receptor replacement. Polyvinyl sheet protective device is developed and tested to increase resistance of PSP plate to compressive load. Objective: To assess the influence of polyvinyl sheet incorporation in photostimulable phosphor plate receptor in diagnosis of proximal caries and root resorption along with patient comfort. Materials & Methods: A randomised control trial using 120 premolars with mixture of healthy teeth, teeth with proximal caries and root resorption were mounted in pairs. Two digital radiographs were taken, one with protective sheet covered and another without as control and viewed using Romexis 3.0.1R. The radiographs are randomised and interpreted by 2 radiographers to determine the diagnostic accuracy. PSP plates were mounted on RinnXCP film holder and patient were asked to rate comfort using VAS scale and scores were recorded. Results: Study shows there is no difference in diagnostic accuracy of PSP plate with or without polyvinyl protective sheet. (p= 0.999). There is no difference in patient comfort in both PSP plate. (p= 0.1589). Conclusion: There is no difference in diagnostic accuracy and patient comfort between PSP plate with or without polyvinyl sheet. Polyvinyl sheet can be used as protective sheet to increase resistance of PSP plate to compressive load. Keywords: detection, digital radiography, film, proximal caries

73 EPB-3 THE PREVELANCE OF DENTURE HYPERSENSITIVITY AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG AIMST DENTAL STUDENTS Jaaydev A/L Thermanathan, Hanusha Devi A/P Subramaniam, Henry Wong Zhiwei, Indhu A/P Manickam Faculty of Dentistry, AIMST University Background: Dentine hypersensitivity is a condition characterized by the short and sharp pain due to the exposure of dentine to thermal, evaporative, tactile, osmotic, or chemical stimuli which cannot be ascribed to any other dental defect or disease. Hence, it is an excessive response to sensory stimuli that are usually absent in the healthy teeth. Objective: This study was intended to determine the prevalence of dentine hypersensitivity and its associated factors among AIMST dental students. Materials & Methods: In this study, a total of 152 dental students of AIMST University were involved through convenience sampling. Total study period was 9 months (1 July 2022 – 31 March 2023). A questionnaire was used to obtain the information regarding students’ experience of dentine hypersensitivity as well as oral hygiene, dietary and personal habits. Results: Our study findings revealed that 60.5% of students reported teeth sensitivity over the last 12 months. There were significant associations between dentine hypersensitivity and type of toothbrush, brushing strokes, acidic beverage consumption and frequency of vomiting. Abnormal tooth position, abrasion, erosion, recession, and attrition also showed significant association. No significant associations were seen between dentine hypersensitivity and smoking, interdental cleaning, and use of mouth rinse. Conclusion: The most important factor associated with dentine hypersensitivity among AIMST dental student was the oral hygiene habit. Keywords: dentine, hypersensitivity, diet, hygiene, personal P9 DEVELOPMENT OF A CUSTOMIZED AUDIT CHECKLIST FOR DENTAL RECORD KEEPING IN PENANG INTERNATIONAL DENTAL COLLEGE (PIDC) Pei Ni Ho, Zhi Xin Lim*, Renisha Vikneshwary, Ajay Telang1, Fawaz Shamim Ahmad Siddiqui2 1 Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Penang International Dental College 2 Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Penang International Dental College Background: Good record keeping practices are crucial to ensure a well-organized and efficient treatment process in the dental clinic. Existing audit checklists need to be modified to meet the needs of each specific dental clinic. Objective: This study is aimed to develop an audit checklist for assessing dental record keeping in Penang International Dental College (PIDC), Malaysia. Methods: A prototype checklist with 18 criteria was constructed based on available professional guidelines and literatures. A pilot study was done to evaluate the usability of the checklist in daily clinical practice and the agreement among the authors. The checklist was then modified to 27 criteria and was named DENtal Record Keeping (DENRK) checklist. To validate the checklist, the authors individually audited randomly-selected patient records (n=200) in PIDC between July 2021 to December 2021. Results: Patient records were found to be compliant in 12 out of the 27 criteria, and the remaining were under opportunity for improvements (OFIs). Qualitative data collection was done by interviewing supervisors and clinical staff (n=6). The DENRK checklist was revised and finalized with 24 criteria after qualitative data collection. A policy on good clinical record keeping is proposed and forwarded to the higher authorities. Conclusion: The audit checklist served as an essential tool to educate clinical staff and students about the importance of dental record keeping. Six-monthly regular audit is recommended for continuous quality improvement and to enhance practice management along with improving patient treatment outcomes. Keywords: clinical audit, patient record, checklist

5. Table Talk Abstracts 74 15th National Dental Students Scientific Conference (15th NDSSC), 2023 Date: 17th (Saturday) June 2023 Venue: SEMINAR ROOM 2, Institute of Research Management & Monitoring IPPP, Universiti Malaya. TABLE TALK EVENT SCHEDULE No. Time Presenters University Title Supervisors TT-1 10:00 am – 10:15 am Lim Xin Yi Aimi Syafiqah Najla Johan Nurul Afira Mohd Saleh Ezza Hazirah Hussin UKM Parenting Effect On Children’s Oral Health TT-2 10:15 am – 10:30 am Lim Yi Qi Lim Shu Zhe Dylan Gursimrendeep Kaur Lim Wei Nee MUCM Dental Danger - Attack & Defend: A Card Game for Teenagers and Young Adults Prashanti Eachempati TT-3 10:30 am – 10:45 am Uzair Roslan Nur Aidil Syukri Ridwan Nusaibah Rushdan Aqilah Abdul Rahman. USIM Eco-M Dental Chair TT-4 10:45 am – 11:00 am Mohamad Mukhlis Azman Syamim Amirah Amiruddin Nurin Sabrina Abd Malik Muhammad Anas Abdul Hadi UM The Virtual Reality Oral Health Gallery: Road to Brighter Smiles Ainol Haniza Kherul Anuwar Norintan Ab-Murat TT-5 11:00 am – 11:15 am Noor Aina Shuhada Mohd Amin Nor Hana Nabila Abd Rahim Nur Aishah Rosman Nur Aini Ahmad Yusof. UiTM Application of 3D Printing in Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery: Management of Impacted Teeth Hazmyr Abdul Wahab Azmeel Mazlee Anuar Nurul Aida Ngah

75 TABLE TOP EVENT SCHEDULE 15th NDSSC 2023 Venue: SEMINAR ROOM 2, Institute of Research Management & Monitoring (IPPP), Universiti Malaya 17th (SaturdayJune 2023 15th National Dental Students Scientific Conference (15th NDSSC), 2023 Date: 17th (Saturday) June 2023 Venue: SEMINAR ROOM 2, Institute of Research Management & Monitoring IPPP, Universiti Malaya. TABLE TALK EVENT SCHEDULE No. Time Presenters University Title Supervisors TT-1 10:00 am – 10:15 am Lim Xin Yi Aimi Syafiqah Najla Johan Nurul Afira Mohd Saleh Ezza Hazirah Hussin UKM Parenting Effect On Children’s Oral Health TT-2 10:15 am – 10:30 am Lim Yi Qi Lim Shu Zhe Dylan Gursimrendeep Kaur Lim Wei Nee MUCM Dental Danger - Attack & Defend: A Card Game for Teenagers and Young Adults Prashanti Eachempati TT-3 10:30 am – 10:45 am Uzair Roslan Nur Aidil Syukri Ridwan Nusaibah Rushdan Aqilah Abdul Rahman. USIM Eco-M Dental Chair TT-4 10:45 am – 11:00 am Mohamad Mukhlis Azman Syamim Amirah Amiruddin Nurin Sabrina Abd Malik Muhammad Anas Abdul Hadi UM The Virtual Reality Oral Health Gallery: Road to Brighter Smiles Ainol Haniza Kherul Anuwar Norintan Ab-Murat TT-5 11:00 am – 11:15 am Noor Aina Shuhada Mohd Amin Nor Hana Nabila Abd Rahim Nur Aishah Rosman Nur Aini Ahmad Yusof. UiTM Application of 3D Printing in Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery: Management of Impacted Teeth Hazmyr Abdul Wahab Azmeel Mazlee Anuar Nurul Aida Ngah

76 P12 THE EFFECTS OF DENTAL PULP AND BONE MARROW MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL CONDITIONED MEDIA ON ORAL CANCER CELLS IN 2D AND 3D CULTURE CONDITIONS Kathryn Tan1, Li-Gi Ong1, Wei Yi Brenda Lim1*, Chia Meng Chong1*, Prashanti Chippagiri2, Spoorthi Ravi Banavar2 1 School of Dentistry, International Medical University 2 Clinical Oral Health Sciences Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Background: The effects of mesenchymal stem cell conditioned media (MSC-CM) on various cancer cells have been studied extensively. However, their effects specifically on oral cancer cells remain unclear. Objective: This study aims to compare the effects of Bone Marrow and Dental Pulp MSC-Conditioned Media (MSC-CM) on OECM-1 oral cancer cell proliferation in traditional 2D and 3D cell culture methods. Materials and Methods: Bone marrow and dental pulp MSCs from Passage 4 (P4) were cultured for four weeks. Every third day, the culture supernatant was collected, filtered (now termed MSC-CM) and stored. Oral cancer (OECM-1) cells were cultured under the influence of different concentrations of MSC-CM in monolayer (2D), and spheroid and scaffold-based 3D culture methods. Proliferation of OECM-1 cells was assessed using alamarBlue assay for 2D and 3D scaffolds and ATP-based assay for 3D clumps on Days 3,5 and 7. Statistical analysis was done using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey. Results: There was a significant decrease in proliferation of OECM-1 cells on day 7 when treated with DPSC-CM. No significant changes were observed in BMMSC-CM. In 3D scaffolds, a reduction in cell numbers was observed on Day 7 for both MSC-CMs but was not statistically significant. However, in 3D spheroid cultures, a significant increase in cell proliferation was seen on Days 3 and 5 when cells were treated with DPMSC-CM, and on days 3,5 and 7 for cells cultured in BMMSC-CM. Conclusion: OECM-1 cells respond differently when treated with BMMSC-CM and DPSC-CM in 2D and 3D culture conditions, possibly due to interactions with their extracellular matrix when cells exist in spheroids. Keywords: Mesenchymal stem cells, Oral cancer cells, OECM-1, Dental pulp, Conditioned media 15th National Dental Students Scientific Conference (15th NDSSC), 2023 Date: 17th (Saturday) June 2023 Venue: SEMINAR ROOM 2, Institute of Research Management & Monitoring IPPP, Universiti Malaya. TABLE TALK EVENT SCHEDULE No. Time Presenters University Title Supervisors TT-1 10:00 am – 10:15 am Lim Xin Yi Aimi Syafiqah Najla Johan Nurul Afira Mohd Saleh Ezza Hazirah Hussin UKM Parenting Effect On Children’s Oral Health TT-2 10:15 am – 10:30 am Lim Yi Qi Lim Shu Zhe Dylan Gursimrendeep Kaur Lim Wei Nee MUCM Dental Danger - Attack & Defend: A Card Game for Teenagers and Young Adults Prashanti Eachempati TT-3 10:30 am – 10:45 am Uzair Roslan Nur Aidil Syukri Ridwan Nusaibah Rushdan Aqilah Abdul Rahman. USIM Eco-M Dental Chair TT-4 10:45 am – 11:00 am Mohamad Mukhlis Azman Syamim Amirah Amiruddin Nurin Sabrina Abd Malik Muhammad Anas Abdul Hadi UM The Virtual Reality Oral Health Gallery: Road to Brighter Smiles Ainol Haniza Kherul Anuwar Norintan Ab-Murat TT-5 11:00 am – 11:15 am Noor Aina Shuhada Mohd Amin Nor Hana Nabila Abd Rahim Nur Aishah Rosman Nur Aini Ahmad Yusof. UiTM Application of 3D Printing in Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery: Management of Impacted Teeth Hazmyr Abdul Wahab Azmeel Mazlee Anuar Nurul Aida Ngah TABLE TALK (TT) ABSTRACTS TT-1 PARENTING EFFECT ON CHILDREN’S ORAL HEALTH Lim Xin Yi1 , Aimi Syafiqah Najla Johan1, Nurul Afira Mohd Saleh1 , Ezza Hazirah Hussin1 1Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Introduction and Rationale: Do you know that when children were younger, the role of the parents was to lay the foundations for their behaviour? That is why the parental role is so important in children’s oral health care. This topic came to our minds as we realized that a lot of parents from paediatric clinics do not really prioritise their children's oral health care. For our target group, it involves parents and young children from one to ten years old. Objective: To create awareness to the parents and young children by emphasising the importance of parenting effect on children’s oral health. Discussion: It is undeniable that research has found out children with authoritative parents had better oral health status compared to those with authoritarian and permissive parents. There are a few materials that we have prepared which are posters, video, and also interactive material. The posters are designed to attract people’s attention, mainly conveying the messages to the parents on the knowledge of children's oral health care. Furthermore, the video that we have created is a retro and sentimental short film which brings important values for both parents and children. For the interactive materials, the activity is “Makanan Sihat, Gigi Kuat”. It helps children aged below ten to keep a healthy diet. Conclusion: Based on National Oral Health Survey of Preschool Children (NOHPS) 2015, the caries prevalence of the children aged 5- 12 in Malaysia is approximately 71.3%. Hence, parents have to take initiative to enhance their children’s oral health. Keywords: children; parents; oral health; parenting effect

77 TT-2 DENTAL DANGER - ATTACK & DEFEND: A CARD GAME FOR TEENAGERS AND YOUNG ADULTS Prashanti Eachempati1, Lim Yi Qi2, Lim Shu Zhe Dylan2, Gursimrendeep Kaur2, Lim Wei Nee2 1Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Manipal University College Malaysia 2Faculty of Dentistry, Manipal University College Malaysia Introduction and Rationale: “Dental Danger " is an educational card game designed to promote oral health awareness among teenagers and young adults. By gamifying dental concepts, the game aims to make learning about oral health enjoyable and accessible. Objective: The game's primary objective is to promote oral healthcare and oral diseases awareness among young adults aged 18 to 35. By engaging players in a competitive gameplay experience, the game encourages strategic thinking while imparting knowledge about dental health. Discussion: Players strategically use Affliction cards to remove opponents' organs (representing dental structures) while defending their own. The game mechanics involve turn-taking, playing Affliction cards, and collecting Afflictions to remove organs from play. Different organ cards have varying difficulty levels, creating a balance of luck and strategy. The gameplay provides an opportunity for players to engage in discussions about dental health. Topics such as the importance of oral hygiene, understanding common dental afflictions, and the significance of regular check-ups are actively explored and encouraged during gameplay. Conclusion: "Dental Danger - Attack & Defend" is an educational card game that combines entertainment and dental knowledge to promote oral health awareness among young adults. By gamifying dental concepts, the game engages players in strategic thinking while imparting knowledge about dental anatomy and afflictions. With its enjoyable gameplay and focus on oral health discussions, the game serves as a valuable tool for promoting dental knowledge and emphasizing the importance of maintaining good oral hygiene practices. Keywords: Card game; Education; Entertainment; Oral Healthcare Awareness; Oral diseases.

78 TT-3 ECO-M DENTAL CHAIR Uzair Roslan1, Nur Aidil Syukri Ridwan1 , Nusaibah Rushdan1, Aqilah Abdul Rahman1 1Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia Introduction and Rationale: The utilisation of metal portable dental chairs during community service can be burdensome considering its bulky and weight properties. Difficulties accommodating dental chairs in confined spaces might be encountered, especially in rural areas. Not only that, but the metal also portable dental chairs may be expensive and take a toll on its high maintenance cost. Thus, a new innovation which is Eco-Mobile Dental Chair is needed to cope with the problem. Objective: Eco-Mobile Dental Chair is invented: To provide a lightweight, space saver, simple, sturdy, affordable, comfortable, and highly portable dental chair that can easily move and install in confine areas. To meet the demand of the world to produce an eco-friendly product for a cruelty-free environment. To encourage dental organisations to conduct more community dental services due to the chair's low cost and practicality. Discussion: This innovation is inspired by the cardboard ecofriendly bed in the Tokyo Olympics 2020.The implementation of lock and key concepts is the main idea to establish this Eco-Mobile Dental Chair. The construction of this corrugated dental chair is straightforward because there are only four steps involved and these can be easily constructed by anyone. In addition, it is easy to assemble, disassemble and store the dental chair. Furthermore, the Eco-Mobile Dental Chair serves many advantages such as being cheap, lightweight, eco-friendly, biodegradable, low maintenance and portable. The additional feature of the product is its waterproof features as it is covered by plastic barrier. Hence, it can be sanitised in order to maintain infection control. Besides, this product is also designed with anti-slip mat on top of the chair which makes the patient more comfortable and safer. When it comes to stability and durability, Eco-Mobile Dental Chair has been proven to support up to 100kg. Conclusion: This innovation is not meant to be a definitive replacement for the conventional dental chair. Instead, it can be a lighter, space saver and cost effective option that can be commercialised and utilised by dental community service organisations. It can help expand access to dental and medical services for those in need, particularly in rural areas. Keywords: cardboard; dental chair; lightweight; recyclable

79 TT-4 THE VIRTUAL REALITY ORAL HEALTH GALLERY: ROAD TO BRIGHTER SMILES Mohamad Mukhlis Azman1*, Syamim Amirah Amiruddin1 , Nurin Sabrina Abd Malik1 , Muhammad Anas Abdul Hadi1 , Norintan AbMurat2, Ainol Haniza Kherul Anuwar2 1 Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya 2 Department of Community Oral Health & Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya Introduction and Rationale: Recent advancements in virtual reality (VR) technology have transformed various industries, including healthcare. The VR Oral Health Gallery aims to revolutionise oral health education by providing an immersive and interactive experience. This innovative platform can effectively raise awareness and enhances understanding of oral health. Objective: To showcase the innovative approach of engaging individuals and providing comprehensive oral health education through the VR Oral Health Gallery. Discussion: Integrating VR technology into oral health education is essential as it offers a unique approach that surpasses traditional methods. The realistic virtual setups within the gallery capture users' attention and improve their understanding and retention of oral health knowledge. The gallery showcases visually stunning content, allowing users to explore interactive demonstrations of brushing and flossing techniques, learn about common dental problems and prevention, and receive tips for maintaining a healthy smile. The immersive nature of VR provides a first-hand experience, boosting knowledge and confidence in oral hygiene practices. Furthermore, the integration of VR technology offers sustainability benefits by eliminating the need for physical setups, reducing resource consumption, and minimising the environmental impact associated with traditional educational methods. While the accessibility of VR technology may vary depending on resources and availability in certain communities, it serves as an additional avenue for accessible oral health education, promoting inclusivity and equity in oral healthcare initiatives. Conclusion: VR technology revolutionises oral health education by providing immersive experiences and practical knowledge. Empowering individuals to prioritise and maintain optimal oral health practices, it ultimately leads to improved overall oral health and wellbeing. Keywords: oral health education; virtual reality technology, sustainable OHE; accessible OHE; interactive OHE.

80 TT-5 APPLICATION OF 3D PRINTING IN ORAL & MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY: MANAGEMENT OF IMPACTED TEETH Noor Aina Shuhada Mohd Amin1, Nor Hana Nabila Abd Rahim1, Nur Aishah Rosman1, Nur Aini Ahmad Yusof1,Hazmyr Abdul Wahab2, Azmeel Mazlee Anuar2, Nurul Aida Ngah2 1 Faculty of Dentistry Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) 2 Centre of Studies Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Introduction and Rationale: An "impacted tooth" is described as a tooth that fails to erupt and will not eventually assume its anatomical arch relationship due to its eruption beyond its chronological eruption time. 3D printing in maxillofacial surgery started many years ago, but the primary indication is only limited to more advanced procedures, therefore 3D printing should be utilized more frequently for surgical removal of impacted teeth. Its rationales are to enable better preoperative planning for procedures and to establish the appropriate flap, suture design, and surgical techniques prior to the anatomical structures, to improve technical and non-technical skills needed and to provide sufficient anatomical accuracy and operability. Objectives: 1. To enable better preoperative planning and to determine the appropriate flap, surgical techniques, and suture design based on individual patient cases and anatomical variation. 2. To educate students with the necessary knowledge, skills, and abilities concerning the clinical and radiological anatomy of the mandible, teeth, and adjacent anatomical structures. Discussion: Modern practitioners are now able to decide on the best treatment option after a detailed and precise examination with the aid of 3D printing as it increases accuracy, reduces surgical time as a result of improved preoperative planning, economical, rapid, and userfriendly. Conclusion: In short, the product simulates clinical presentation of minor oral surgery in managing impacted teeth and serves as a surgical guide for improved treatment outcomes due to enhanced case visualization as well as to aid dental students in visualizing and practicing minor oral surgery prior to conducting it on actual patients. Keywords: 3D printing; impacted teeth; oral & maxillofacial surgery

6. Fusion Fest Schedule 81

82 FUSION FEST EVENT SCHEDULE 15th NDSSC 2023 Venue: AUDITORIUM, Institute of Research Management & Monitoring (IPPP), Universiti Malaya 17th (SaturdayJune 2023 15th National Dental Students Scientific Conference (15th NDSSC), 2023 Date: 17th (Saturday) June 2023 Venue: Auditorium, Institute of Research Management & Monitoring IPPP, Universiti Malaya. FUSION FEST EVENT SCHEDULE No. Time Presenters University FF-1 2:45 pm to 2:47 pm Tang Hui Yee Tang Hui Yee Liew Xin Yue Liew Xin Yeu Leaw Hong Xin AIMST FF2- 2:48 pm – 2:50 pm .Zulfahmi bin Suhaipin Muhammad Asfa Bin AbdRahman Habib Muhammad Yamani bin Farid Azhar Nu Naufal Haqim bin Nazr Muhammad Ikhwan Amininin bin Zulkefli Aidil Syukri bin Ridwan USIM FF3 2:51 pm – 2:53 pm Tan Joon Wei MUCM

Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya. ndssc2023 Please scan this QR code to get the digital copy of the conference booklet & abstracts. 83 Disclaimer: All information is correct at the time of printing and subject to change without prior notice.