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FORESTTREE NURSERY MANAGEMENT
FOR GOOD OUALITY SEEDLING
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(Tableof Contents) 23
29
rio': 36
uvrfit umrir(lntroduction) 44
unii z nr:{qnr:r}.t5olfilseeoManagement)
uvrfis nr::Jfr:ifilunr:rurvrirnfir1lrfoi restTreeNurserpyractice) 46
uvrfi+ nr::-ir1.:inurfnirlfi flrenidng)
rvrfis nr:flnrir(Cutting)
uvrfio I:nrrnvurn,:ri'n;nfirl(fpi esat ndDisease)
uvrfiz nr: rnrvril nfir1fi6ru: vuu:1nnourfionr: rr-:orrndruornrF1
(Air Root PruningSystem)
uvrfia qilnlltrlo{nitrlfi (euatityof Seedting)
uvrfig uyrfl?il(summary)
u::rutun:il (References)
umfi I
r-rrnrir
(Introduction)
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s) nr:fi daudeiul acneruflsnoleso{th;!1nu
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niun':ufi0,:nrF: r'r''rlJflvonnlunr:roirndnrrl:f'ihirJ:vtrtu{oqjvir.:lnnm6o{doul'todnfri n
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fisgrlruuun,t?u3?r1?{1un1?gridlrr nfirlfi
(Working Flow Chart of Large-Scale Tree Nursery Genter)
nr:rnr;rirnfirlfi
(Treneursermy anagement)
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( M e d i u mm a n a g e m e n t )
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(SeedsowinagndTransplanting)
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( S e e d l i nt egn d i n g )
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(lnformataronndSeedlindgistribution)
1.2 nl:Uimr:srun1?rvrlsdlndrtrl (The Administration of Large-Scale
Tree Nursery Center)
1) {1utrn1travil:vgrfirurt'u6 (Administrationand Information)
- or:riry (Registering)
- nl:q':n'r?tta:nr:riu (Administrationand Accounting)
- n1?il't:d'lun-tu (Co-operation)
- nr:il:szrd'lr{uf, (lnformation)
- nr:lioornld'rud (Materials)
- tfiu:eu::rudo4 oofi6dord.::rettrunr: rrruvrdr (Data collection)
zyoru{ornrTrufiort'uf,tfliseeomanagement)
- dr:eottmsi.:rtnvnr:ttri (Seed source an<1Maturity)
- nr:tfiutrufio'lfi (seeo collection)
- nr:rJfr ri6 siartJ6 el'[t]riau tvr.ty lLny rfilihur (Seed processi ng)
- n1:mo6ra:JrrfionrTu{lfi (Seed testing)
- nr:rfiuinurrrufioilfi (seed storage)
- nr:rfinersw6n'tfi (Seed distribution)
3) rnu{ornrttavtnisuiaqnnrv:ir (Medium management)
- ne:dourioqtvi't: (Sowing medium procurement)
- nr:ruflruiaqtv{'tv (Sowing medium mixing)
- nr:zudseioqtil'tY (Sowing medium transportation)
- nr:virdur,rrin (Compost production)
+. 1s.rurn1 iuuAnrrf;iorurvrleirotting;
- nr:dorurq':tvlr:rir (Plastic bag and Root container procurement)
- ne:n:an6un{61{ (Potting)
- nr:zudsqs6u (Transportation)
- nr:t5usq.:6u (Soil bag arrangement)
5) \:1ulil1srl6o1firrnvfiru:(iSr eedsowingandTransplanting)
- nr:ui.:nr:.:anru6orlfiriouunrv (Seed pretreatment)
- nr:rniuilrr:Ja.l
- n:vu: (Sowing bed preparation)
- nr:rn-jrutrufiotuavflnd"r (Seed sowing and Cutting)
- nr:gtta:5nurndraiau (Seedling maintenance)
- nr:firurirndreiou (Seedling transplanting)
6) \:1untrainun, firlfi (Seedlintgending)
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n1r Lfiu'l
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7) {1uuin1:fralauavtrenirunfirlfillnformatioanndSeedlingdistribution)
- nr:doritiry6ndrlfi:-J::e"rL6ou (Number of seedting tist)
- ndrlfieioumSaaurea (Young seedting)
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- nr:fier:mnr:ronfir'lfi (Consideration of seedling request)
- nr:rrenaranfielfirrnvlSnr:da4n (Seedtingdistribution)
B)rrrur{ouu1lilnfin{lurnrv:irnfirlfi rlavn1rflu1ur{ufifig(Nurserytechniques
t
development)
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- nr':fi2ur runrf nnr:fir srirndr'bi (pricking)
- nr:rr'rruuriaorrrur:utoyn1tuvtl/i't:dr (Medium and Root contanier)
- nr:r,Vzuurnerruu6.:tr:.:ra.:nfir (Seedling vigor)
- nr:fouur rmnrfnnr:fl nrir lCutting)
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flJLfil 4,700 7E, '10 6 30-40 il.n.-tlr.u
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t{tu 8,700 ,q X" 7n 11
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?o{nr:fr{ln:1v?iufld't':qvldrunrufinrfluor6fair:nrrflu'tarn:ndydriilufiunfir un:rirrflud'r
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tfiil'tyflu6olrnniariautnul:Jo1ci^*nrrnuuionl:r?iruurfniu:flinfiisrlo.:ndrlfild
loruri":l:.tndr1afgifjiluu:Jn.u: fionrfrivnirdo.:nr:rirrurnnn'jfrir'tfiiirirluq,,n:v1rfl6n
tl^r:1vnd{filuu:Jn.:finr::viula':rirrurnnnd'jrr'tfififiorqil1nA.lfio.:nr:'ldr.hrou1ranfdiou{
rirnr::q;h4nrluoun'jrcsfi,ldr.:dr'lfurnif'i:r nrrrrfiotnr:'lfrrjtrlo.:nfirlfinrTuu:J:furiu:Jqiu
finruotjl{ttjudnuruvioqririifr.:1sit")i':fiorxorfinf n:vuonrurfirrnfirlfirir,lorqro':ndrlfi
n1:: 9tSu1$n,nnv 1\ Lwiln?: 91t1uu n1:a- .JZu
- 1uff:Jnli'u:n?o\:n1:finrru:r:irrti.tY..trdr-rd6ru fin:r-':nJounryirl:d1uyanfirlfifi
rur o1r 5nJriu6.u: :,:unv:r n?o{nfirlfiri.ililndrfinn.:'luionrir
q
- fin-\:arnd:Jorrriu:nnr::nu=rihuinrivonqtd'rr{rduvr'rfrrfqit.n:rn6uluq':riruri.,:rir
orerdilnr::qfrrfluiu^zrn*orfir-r6u
+.2 nr:'[dr1u (Fertilizer application)
ndrlfiiiroiqrfiulorluqd.:.r:ifrinr:rsriuuiaqrirorfliro.r:6qormr:n:ufiruunvrfiu,:lrya
tun:'ld:vu;rrnrlunr:roiryr6u1nnr:#}ul:lurilnArltfil*errflurvir'lqrrtiinu nfirlfiInrirfi'?'til
trsi'lunfirllivrnrutfiorfifiou';:r'rlnfrr:nvirprfirLTnhlldrurqfifio.rnr:urur6fionuruu..roo,i..,
fio.:tsriurnfirfiuridl u nfirlfituuilntnrfirrruniilrn.:rsriurundruuur:J6ou:rnfisrfin#rlufird
nr:(rh2 w + ' ]urrrrwin\ s fv irifirI iua 'jrfinrrleird, 'rp. j oYlrd, jr'd:, EuYuir, uu" ,ud6 rnf, \ . , irLievun:yul! r. nvj^l:d. uzurornrilfido.-:nr:
,onerndlr::orndrlfivr'firurorrfinunv6lnrfiuo:i.:ernnddr'l.frigfinu66'uoruunoonu{orirr..trflu
-23-
tu:Jn':sir.lfnirn:hiqurd,rnr:toirprfiu1sruiiolfrfirurorn'ulufidrixruyu:norrluii}inr:firtirrru
lulrr:roug.u: nvrfiandrlfilsrlndc:firuni'l:g:norilirrrulu1n:ruonuvulrilSrrruv,Jaolloio
runvlJ:d'orfiur}iqrf.i:olfrndrlfivr'suurnr,r:vuuun:vrfninr:oydtJol?n1d'r:lficsldiuuiorq
idl"altud ,uvA|alJ0fuiLuuu
9Jq
uiorqfdi rrfluffiiunfircvldmnnr:tdrqnui,:aanldoa.:onrerljurrunrud:Jiruuriifirfor.rn1:
rfluefrrrt'rtigorEormr:firfitfiotnr:lrrinunir rrdorqorrr:uom-nioMacronutrients:J:vnoudru
I
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q
Micronutrietnj:t:nold':u ru6nrrl,lnrfiaIu:ou d,lnvfi lo\:trn{Itfilfirit noo;u
j 5- fiUv 1iAl?,a{U?. 619to1fi1i?o ilea1.ruu. naofls
q
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nrirou nrfuoutfludrul:;noilrroqndugrulatnrflr:larolril::rn'ulnflo un;rjrn66oay6or
oonfircu aonBtcundruriunriuou'ludrufrfiori'luonra:rild:yumitirf.:yilqluRdfifiin
laln:rcu laln:teuuonorrrmrflusutinnrrlunr:ir,r1ef{inr1Tqrudrdl'ucgnllm.rqnro.ilaaourrnyrflu
d':unnvn"nto'illraqunni[lfln\:ulrurvrdr6'rpg'rqnsionrrtldilfiuf(uvid.J{ruroirrn
r,uln:tqu lu1n:reurfludru:J:vnouraodmil:vnarduvriffrdrd'cprmirnorrunrl:fJin:6u}Joufitfirnafi6azfra
r'{oovlafo r,laov'loforflunurinar.:'6luof'ilrunr:riruryuf,t.:ruunvnr:rnnrunrryl]:6u
1l:d'o16ul 1:J:nio16utirrJalunr:rd.:n'r:[[unfl1:nJnruunyri,Jfien::rro,irlroirodaruo.ilrj:d'orfiarurdoilu.:
uian:v{urirtioufnirurfinro.:nrilu:l0rorrvru,aynl:unlr1rfUl
ttnotfiuil nnnt6uilfidrui':dunr:ur-i{rrf[layufler.ruyuryruii'n'lunr:nr;rJir.:to.:durdordo
ttunflt6u! itlnfitdurtfludtuvrl.rto':lnnl:fiunn:rflud'lurdolla,ldrrfi:Jfrniarta.:tihrjoarnnrurfior
ritrvri'u rirlvd'undruriurYur4oov'loio'ludrufriu"lunr:'hivrdr,lruurirrnro.:rir
rv6n rvFntfludrurJ:vnoudrd'ru'luuYrrjouvrnrnru:rnfliunflrfiy:rilfi,n{ry:n:yrrob{nflr:yru"leilio
d'':nvfi cytochrometstflJnlfivn:vrroL4firri'luury5o Ferredoxin'lsu:J:cnr:ild'.Jdiuluyrjrfinr:
ttltnrfia rilrrunrqfidr6'ryo.tdontrtt:inu5.:'lu1n:renur:d.:rn:r:v{rrfrl.r:nsnr:rirsrrn:yrraly{rXr
ururinortt'll dr,i n
d ' : n:f i tfludru:J:v na udd r d'ry lu r i hdo o eny oro gen asperso, t ei na seusn y
Peptidasesr')rJ'hJfi'C: arbonicanhydraseA, lcohol dehydrogenaseG,, lutamicdehydrogenase
rrnJ Malicdehydrogenaserrn:rirriaudut 6nr.nn
ttl.:nrfiafidrud'll"ltr::r-lln:vrllunrraonfireulo,Jnr:fi.:rn:r:rdrrd.: ua:rfludtu:J:vnolra.:r.lrdou
Arginasettn: Phosphotransferase
Ylo\:tlfl{ vto.lttn.:rflud':uilt;nolto'lrirdoufrdli'ry:ru1:Jfi.: CytochromeOxidase,Ascorbic acid Oxidase
1l:ou [tnYLaccase
1rrfiu6rir
noaiu nrirfrvn':firrnfifirsu1o.flu:auri.:lrjur:srrioreevfid'ruirrllunr:rrrunl:[fl1iln16Unrf1u:]aror:vr
rrnynr:d.r:n:r;ri'ludruil:ynolt orruf.r:rn
rflud'rudrira'hinr:air':or:lu1n:ricfuinduldrflurlnntufir 6nvrs,rrfrliu.ldrurJ:n: auddlflulu
Nitratereductaseniurdurri'uriu Nitrogeanseui au'trj-uosr:olulnr:cu
drrflusionr:d.:tn:rvfiuou.nl :rflud'rn::{uutrtjou}Jfi.:nr:uunlurnqnto6ontriftrr.lti.:rirnrirdrflu
n"ri.rnr: uundr: n: or u"lunr: roi ryrFdn t o.lfri'ludu16r
fir:r:d'lqn6 rfla,:duvri,253da'nuiln,:atOnertil1, 979T; ing1, 982S; tevenso1n9, 86
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rrnduldd'oreur{r}lfitlrs,:duefvirfyi 6a,:unvnr:roicpr6u1nvet:0n,ru
P nr:roirgrfiulnestviniuluurie:fiddsJorrh.:trluqjfridi6rlulur firn:vnnvrlrnr:unnnoen: Frn.r
otir.:lrn
x luudovitdn'lornr:rflucarviatodllvfiri&ernilnrrui"r'liurirfirunr:dauuo'ludrunlrrnrrurirufi.:
ttn: olun:ur ernntrruurtt6u
ca bejounnrurflufrtlllofirirri'.rnirprfiilnc:nru$ayluld.J{o
Mg taub rdunar,:ll.tc:fiii'nuruvrir,:'lrLiluurfiietr::4urrni,rlufirunfirufi'rornr:firfrorornnrrl.ruri.:ud,r
fite : douuoeiao1n16vru'r'l
s lLeiouevfid'nuruvonirru.l'ldonrllnr:dtroadr.:luu:f'irmf.rdueyfin''nuruyrfluuourir.rndrufi'u
f,nuru: r a.n: r:t r or'iul:nrcu
zn tfionhuruvtfluunufiofirrv6n'lulruTururinrdr.ilulufiurir6rfirurnro.:'lunorn.:
Fe tdunnrtlura'r"lueioue:fidnurunyrouirlf.i:ornr:dmororir.:ruuf:ro lrorn^',urflufiry6o,:lu::rt
riru:n un;ludqnefi:rflufirr':
Mn ornr:ndru1rYunr:troruirvndrn:trn'lu::rvdluu:.reydr'hlidordonrrumufiEyrflufitrr
cu heiouqyfiii'nucuy'oluirrrituunyorruernd?uuaorn.:lilyrlnudu
Mo rfinii'nuru:rflu1nfiri'r.:'lu''hbefiifoifuinuov'l::ifiu't
B ilaru'hfifirfiurorrir.urdlfirvfio.:vrorf,i:ornr:orru'ludtudrfluqofiriril"'{rqieurfiLTql
firr : ,i'rnri rfllo,:qYuzns5se.
er1?1.07fin'r:ue\d: nnruvarnr:rful fiuso{lfsi
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fitilnfifid16urrtu sirJnfiudre:fi::u!:rndrrlornrurflufiNusoa3.e: ruda.:ornr:toltilmfilu
luurionrdrutdunar.rl:lqrn.'n: :rrflufiuto{NH..ovrir}4:o:r1rJarulufificl'rlu'luuriua:u1orfio
E30r1U
vlonriofo rdatdoe:nruun:ilnruuooruri'rrdrvrdrlunnuo'wbfid'nuruyrirrlu"henioauulu}nf1u'luiui
lJ:fr'arfiurr K rrntfiuarqrirL]dnr:troMr gunvarorflulilddqrrirlfrmMo n.zn un: Fe
rirruvr"ru norlunr:toiryt6u1unvturoror'lu'luur'rni,rrdunnr.:"rlufleu:firuda.:yio'lu'lyfi
tilnfitdur Mg rrntfiu our:nd'nrirhftfronr:nnK rfinarnr:rrolududrlrvitrtudun:hourri fifiruda,:vroo
d'nrirnr:ropr , K un: zn rdordordunar,:'lLeynru
ttrusnrfid nr:tflufitvfiatrdrfrlou'hund:verulilvr'rad'uri'ufir1d6uunrnr.:luoirurnfia,:vro.:"lufirsr::nnrYr
nnaiu rJnruluyiosau'luluniorrurnrar'luua;ur.rn{oevrflu'lueir.r
d'.:nyfi Znrrnrfiud'nrirtirfluluoir.:drfinqrnnr:uirvrftnlurit
na{urh: nr:reiryr6ulnt;'l'niunnnr:ttnnfi,:firud'nrjrhirflulurir.:frrfiorernnr:lrnuirufin"lufir
f a a- Iv Y!
UlnTeJfl\:[nn tn
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oqfirfiur nr:rfio'brvfioaon:-rdruunurdunnrt"hfitm'luburi
iirr : d'rnvrrddlo,:{unz5s.sa
4.3 n1?ri1{qirfis (Weeding}
itfirc:tttj,Ju6ht6['j1\:tta;nfrumd.:nr:firurirn']:nouirfifl4nd1:Jorrri'ttd;ffi0nfi{fi
orqrfiut r6oun?:ylhnl:nouitfit4nz drJonri'rnior6oundvnuio,,{:rYun':ril?1u1trdu?orirfir
n?:dtnt:nouitrlttru;fifinurnt6nuiorfi'r.:ontfio\:a''rnirfirtT.:fi:vuu:1nt6nrraynouilu
m1t- p , ' l v il ny \ts\t vv n : u n ? 1 i l n: ; il u n : :at v r ouu u onu? f l.t 1n 1 : n ovu aa a T i t n l uv mnn1-:{:n ulZ r l [ u n0 u [vt ' t [ ] 1 : 1y
n1l Lil
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i E--
n?:dlnl:n1u?1ion1noonrfionlrilflfvlvno?'nreurnvflo{riunl:rrild?JU'turf,r1:Iuuqi.rsrrriur
?oudluuanrot,iJoulirfinr:rirnr:n1ufi3od'qrirfirtri#ufiq6rfuioflo.:rYunr:uiliril6nrfirrurtu
t4Touorirrtnydo nlvtr{auirrrugnvadlntiouuiou'nJ:urfin1:ril'tyrilfirrlorui6fiuoorrrfior'luq':rirlorun:t
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t L i ln \ : : U n ? U n n ? : i l 1n 1 : n 0 U l t n Y[ i l ' l i l 1 n 1 U y h :
nr:rir{oitfitur,ln*torcdo'r'ldor:tnfirirc-nfiion':uqrurTlorruirol,rryd?r?,Jard
tt:r{'tultlnunnuuoiflfievfio'ruil'le'jrovlilfiruan:;ylufiiar,fludun:rurionfir'lfiun;d,:urnfioru
4.4 n1?flo'{rTu[rasrir{nfieqfiu (Pest and disease control)
rdu rrla,lrYofiulrudo:rdrarulnu?lriun:?ebrouadr6tlJofiror:reooulruFr?:iurir{e
6I runr:[.l dv or:rnafu rila.:niurir{quiln,rrYnf:lf1ir:rnfiueinvu fiin'ldflo\:n{TorurrYit,n:firlrirufiourYucv
ny -0- 4{-1_ .0_ 2ily'.l,L1 flel?1ev l:\! /:.n. _u_ dfi_e. .l. :afltyf,lulqtu, u,tl :tzr.lyu- -r. r- -r-a' -.1:yL. yr-rllrIndumq52outudrTXlrfra:rd1frluedu rrnvacv da.J
rirnru rdr'lei 61fTrqunr: finur'lurirrTur unvr.lfrrifilfi0nfio\:
4.5 n1?tttAfalAailul,tl,nltnlAusanse nn?n1?n1n(Root pruning and Root cutting)
n1:tdouun;d'o:rnnfirlfifiiorq:J:vo.rdrfioflo.:fi'ufi'lfi:rnno.:ndrlfiroirprfiulornr
tv'r:1vndilfifi:rntcirytfiuTnnruuonq':ovrir'lfirJirrru:rn'luq,tdlolrufirfaioflr1ioyu:yuu:1n
It?urtrar:lnnloduurfluorrrqeird'rpfilirhinfirlfirfiurrorunynruriiorirndrlfrt}ilJ:1:Jyg0n\:.?i1
fi:rnriou:rndntrn unv:vuu:'rnldiunmrun:vilun:crofi'roruiunr:[6auiliod'or:rnfi6qyfio.:
rirri'ufi:rnrirtaultoonuonq\ttfl:'rv:1nri{fizurorrfinrray?1rnirir'huirJnuT:rnfiroulraonu
iltlon1:floultfrn:m (shockinglil)drrflufio,:'lfin::1n:niofiornrudr'loiur:\rnueiunqr:du16nriou
1^ ^4:04 ^ . q t_ 6- . i-o- yun{N flua fluddu:rnfrcvnrn:;ui u?:lrfindd| tl?edvuiunrriln:vilun::rfioufioutrnrrrifir:Jeiou
f-ir,-tf r1ir.-- :rnro\ut lroonruruln:a1nfi?t)ulor(rudf,dludufrioo..,:'ldn\ ::J.n:sr"nfi,:fi50fdia'onr:il:1uu:rnov
n:vilLn::tfioulrndulfifia.rlfr:yuvr?pnY1,:si'rulrrnuvur{d?uo1?rfiu?ro'trrn;nrulil'luiiqor
riaunr:t6outtnvsTn:rnnr:.rnnrn:'hriiduu:rndrhl6uluq,u: 6,ul nv{ord'rrYuuriurfio
iJo.:ri'u:rnndrlfidruh4l*bild;un?1lJn:yyrun:snr1fiuofuid\rnr:16ou:rndotrirnr::qf1'hi
rrrindrlfiri'unfir:tfiouunvd'or:rnn'::n:yrir'lu{uiirla*nn{rqueiouniorir'lusrour6u
{ritnrirfiguninurndrlfido,:nfud,:nrnonuet:?eq:1eunnfliorlrfui nr:{runq,lndr1fi
-26-
?Z ugt' ?1:1Ant:Nn1:tfloulloonuaannv ,rfmlpSruortoirnryv n\ vld:i]rafrfroruil1nwfit lvfiivfrdor:rnryrirfirilfl
rtt
?14 :0nvnT l[0rct:?I9r1il'nly 1?{ue9t0d it:uo alatuunlt[dn8uttnyvno:'lnivluya t 5v h : t rlgr t 1 u . 1n4 o 9e tunvn1Ail:1nnit
nn[fh
nA uQvd ilna1:t?a:rutfnutrgrtJvnl?19A tu0u
yJftt'z nrtilrtdzu'lnqinnGozaatduunaqtirusit 6 au oryiiwtnfi,ut1?N1ndu
doaatdaentdoa2tutdauuflynnz fiautrnltl
4.6 mrdonfir uavnr:dn rtsrrahdunerlJg{ (CutIing and Grading)
nfirlfinrund,rornnr:firurirevfinr:rorfiiruyInfiunneir,lfiurfia,:il1ernfrnnruymr':
n :: i l fviua{ ? o \ : tai l f i ou a v f lo { ' f r , l u r o ' i a r 6qir?uho 1ins dt gral f? i,f i v r " . : ncufdgir:unrioT i l nu n vt f i uu n :r u n : u
u rf
tiuuJv:Juriua{tuurJa.:vrd{rrriurq,,rrirmnilFiounl{dlrilrfidrnurr:flirnyn:vun:ufiev$nrfiun:i.J
Ylrir'oira grfaiulfnil{;ot01.ca?r1jul:-Iu1fiqd"o'rriurru;firirnr:16ouundvor:rnnfirlfinru'luuilarrir
rdurrTufio;rniT:rYonfttlnJ{ntiu':cl'ro'unug\:fl0\rnfiln?u$n'ul:oJrdu'rluiur:aho'urflurrnrl
dunfiriifinlug.riiqor{nliuirrzur{ru:Jmriu.:hJoirqofifiruu:Juni.i:olfifiunfirldirunro.jr.:
ttavZuia' ril,\L:ra4':vfr!l,flvinifarfe frTdnurt urvd lrfdif l6:nunyrriln6{li1nlyr'liunrrur:neyfi?o -.. 2:-'hiriiundridoug:ni
ldnr:n'orunvvt'rnnrudfril'f.i:iinro'jmy5nil1:nil1plfioq:nilfiarod'ouunlJriwrfluur]n{6nsir{ilrn
rfiaovorrnrionl:hiquunr:frl,ffiirfiundrlfiin'6nr:afi'nuruvd'.rri
- nhfiunfirfin?1ugt:vfidtr-'r2 rvirro':n'r'uJ${?a{:1ni1li-o2 ryitsorrntlilfl{t?Jo\:q\:
:Jn6nuroa x 6 dr riiou::16uayqf{il:yrJl1ruorailfirilen
- rirfiufni r1iltr6,r0r:\:rium fino:1nrr{\:rr:{
(1) (2)
ryJdts.aradingaffiilffanfr'ilrtdtfiltitnu{adunttnx#gnr tu'tnt6nninzgr,frurii,,sour^
I tiatun nTnfundiln qjnh 1t1w fradaiu at'ti g,ilrtnf,tiu t,aou, ^,ii-,7 riu (2)
a1
4.7 tr'tlvi'llfi ndrlfr rnd{ (SeedIing harden ing}
n nv \1- !. iil v l ,rl I : t J l , { 1 ' ? a 0 \ : t : O U " , T l ' l Y t 1 } V n ey l '1 ,, U n e i l a y v\ l v U J O ' l C C \ lg l U L A
OUt U 1 l J1 f0l 0' lAl UUUU' Ut U n U ln f ll Y gl
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t t ?v 1tft y \ , l l f l ' l t J 1 : n L J : U-d n 1 i1[l ?v - ' l - .i d { t t ? n n 0 i l n 1 U U 0 u { Y U a \ : n ? : o ' lw nv n 1 t t | : \ :4t d ' n 0 UTL A U
A ' Jt 1t jl nU O n U A yl ' lt ? 1 n U
n'r:riioila'nn'rr5ouril1rvnrior tuoonililifi1.ruonril'ollifiufi'uanruu{oi.r0nn{dqrlfie;dr.:ru
il1n1f,uf1i5oed{[n:1:cfiltf-l,Jvr4 5onr:o- eir\:trnydtnLflv6[101]11:XtJ'rnrrirnuvnrrnrvfvinuneo1a 8ufln1v{n?1}r
turh.:unfiiro: nqd'uuiooerniliil',*tit'.td'ln-rarir..:nofri'm:urnrvr:nor:Jirurrurhuiin'hdi'rod1rrriu
tnu:qflrniufiarqcvnqiliulruiuriuriuil:vmru1 r6ou dauri{ililnn rfiaroselrnrYurm
Il,
v" tn'ttv?1uIn:\e:un?noun1:?rufiruunv:Jnnevdo,Jlfiflodr.:rfiu.:vrorfiqovlf?iliuru:vhulnvfoirYlf,i,rd"l
I
finr::oqnruo.:
s
-28-
u?Ifi 5
n-rTflnqir
(Cutting)
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finr::lnrirlfioanrrrflurrnruruuufinr yflqqfudnr:flnrirlfinrnfirir
ui
rirnluodr':tniirarurtiulnuinur:rjnnoruilrrilunr:rfirunrnarfin'hiurirnruirni:i'n.:rflufiuolliu
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tunvfiuu'lunr::Jonoruilr1filsrriru5runrfi:Jqrnifrl::lnrirrflui6nr:fiirufion'lunr:turufiuf
uac-
t. t. u_ u. -tlt_Jr0_' l_FgI.U L-vVw l v h.: _f iIi l-t9irl_ra"1_tFi lru y l 0 {It J F l ? ' t o t 1 u ' ] r ya ? la: 0 i l n : 5o}aJ'?i ,D y t u {?u 1 n [lo"i {i"t1i al u, l s !v r r J S, du l r a r :
9 }J o Lo
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-44-
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