Jillian Bauco (Class of 2022) - Blue Science Portfolio (1)

Blue Science Portfolio: 

By: Jillian Bauco

2018

Blue Science Portfolio

Directions: Y​ ou have been asked to create a digital science portfolio that represent your growth
towards specific skills throughout the year. The portfolio will showcase your lab reports,
assessments and presentations that you will complete in science class. You will be expected to
edit and revise the additions to the portfolio throughout year. The final project will be submitted
to ​http://anyflip.com/​ in June.

Topic List

Scientific Method
1. Scientific Discoveries Presentation

2. QUIZ: Scientific Method
3. Reflection
4. Science Articles: Cassini Spacecraft

Name: Jillian Bauco Date: 2/12/18

Directions: Work in a group to tell a story of a classmate in motion. You must include 3 turns
(change in direction) and 3 different velocities. Your story must also have an amount of time
where the classmate does not move. What did the person do when they stopped? Where were
they going?

Data Table:
Example: Velocity = Distance/Time
V = 12 m/3 sec
V = 4 m/sec.

Description
Distance (m)
Time (sec.)
Velocity (m/s)
Walking: Classroom to locker #902
3.75 m
3 sec
V= 3.75/3 = 1.3
Hopping: Locker 902 to Water Fountain
7.4 m
5 sec
V= 7.4/5 = 1.5
Skipping: Water fountain to end of the ramp
5m
5 sec
V= 5/5 = 1
Jogging (from end of ramp to top of ramp) - turn to left (where science post is located on the
wall)
11 m
3.2 sec
V= 11/3.2 = 3.4
Crawling: from poster to locker 1314
11 m
12 sec
V= 14/12 = 1.2
Cartwheeling: From locker 1314 to Heart Smart poster in front room 150

6m
6.5 sec
V= 6/6.5 = 0.9

Graph: (X-axis is Time; y axis is Distance)

Story:
It was a normal day at Oz Middle School, and period 7 was just ending, which meant Jillian’s
school day was ending. However, she needed to grab her weapons before going on the
dangerous adventures ahead. She walked cautiously from Scarecrow Lopez’s Science
classroom to her locker: #902. It was an approximate distance of 3.75 meters, and it took the
brave warrior 3 seconds (for evil scientific calculations: Velocity - 1.3 m/sec). Jillian’s next quest
was to hydrate at the drinking well, which was located at the center of Munchkin Village, before
braving a long journey to her classmate’s home. She hopped over her little friends for 5 seconds
until she made it to Dorothy’s house, which was 7.4 m away. Skipping, she then made her way
to the start of the Yellow Brick Road. Unfortunately, the flying monkeys blocked her way to a
wanted sign she wanted to observe. She jogged, dodging the monsters for 11 m in 3.2 seconds.
Jillian looked up at the poster to see her best friend’s name and a reward:

Jillian was absolutely shocked, but she had to focus on the quest. But it was not over, as
fireballs were being thrown at her by the Wicked Witch of the West. Jillian ducked under the
danger and made it to Dorothy’s home, locker #1314 (11 meters, 12 seconds). Her final quest
was to save Toto from a ditch and greet the Wizard of Oz: Mr. Runte. Ducking and swiveling,
Jillian reached out and scooped the furry black dog up, and gazed up at the Emerald Castle.
She was filled with happiness to see her leader. After that, everyone lived happily ever after.
THE END

Velocity Project 2018
Due: Wednesday night February 21,2018
1. Define the following terms and include pictures if possible:
Motion: the action or process of moving or being moved.

Speed: the rate at which someone or something is able to move or operate

Position: a place where someone or something is located or has been put.

Distance: an amount of space between two things or people.

Acceleration: increase in the rate or speed of something.

Terminal Velocity: the constant speed that a freely falling object eventually reaches when the
resistance of the medium through which it is falling prevents further acceleration.

Time: a point of time as measured in hours and minutes past midnight or noon

Initial Velocity: rate that the position of an object changes relative to time

Displacement; the moving of something from its place or position.

Velocity; the speed of something in a given direction.

Final Velocity: is the velocity at the final point of time

Key Metric units: system of measurement in which the basic units are the meter, the second,
and the kilogram.

2. What is the difference between Speed and Velocity? Explain using an example in your own
words.
The difference between speed and velocity is that speed is the distance that an object travels
and velocity is the distance traveled in a certain amount of time such as hours minutes or
seconds. For example, speed is saying you are moving 5 feet. Velocity would be saying you are
moving 5 feet in 3 seconds.
3. Pick 2 cities (minimum 500 miles apart) in the United States or world and construct a data
table and graph showing the amount of hours that it would take to travel between the 2 cities
with the following modes of transportation:Hartford- Orlando

Fastest Runner
Model T Ford
Hindenburg
Tesla top speed
Fastest train
F35 Fighter Jet
Vehicle of your choice

Usain Bolt
T=D/V
T=1911.1km/44.72km/h
T=42.73h

Model T Ford
T=D/V
T=1911.1km/72km/h
T=26.54h

Hindenburg
T=D/V
T=1911.1km/135km/h
T=14.16h

Tesla
T=D/V
T=1911.1km/250km/h
T=7.64h

Train
T=D/V
T=1911.1km/431km/h
T=4.43h

Fighter Jet
T=D/V
T=1911.1km/2500km/h
T=.76h

Lamborgiuni
T=D/V
T=1911.1km/349km/h
T=5.3

*Provide a map showing your cities
*Show Detailed Math Steps

4. What would like to see in this city when you arrive? What tourist attraction? What restaurant
would you like to visit in this city? Provide pictures
What is the basic history of this city?
-I would like to see disney world
-Thecapital grill
-Nick named "The Theme Park Capital of the World" which is used to describe Orlando, a city
situated in the U.S. state of Florida and a popular tourist destination. The city's theme parks
attracts over 51 million people annually.

5. Determine and graph an 18% increase in Velocity for each vehicle - Show how the Times
would be affected by the increase in speed. Show a double bar graph with the 2 different times
for each vehicle.
*Include pictures and brief description of each mode of transportation
Usain Bolt
T=D/V
T=1911.1km/(44.72km/h*.18)+44.72
T=36.25hrs

Model T Ford
T=D/V
T=1911.1km/(72km/h*.18)+72
T=22.5hrs

Hindenburg
T=D/V
T=1911.1km/(135km/h*.18)+135
T=12hrs

Tesla
T=D/V
T=1911.1km/(250km/h*.18)+250
T=6.5hrs

Train
T=D/V
T=1911.1km/(431km/h*.18)+431
T=3.8hrs

Fighter Jet
T=D/V
T=1911.1km/(2500km/h*.18)+2500
T=.6hrs

Lamborguini
T=D/V
T=1911.1km/(349km/h*.18)+349
T=4.6hrs

6. Use a math calculation to show how long it would take the F 35 Fighter Jet to get to
Sun
T=D/V
T= 9.26x 107 miles

1.2x 103 mph
T= 7.72 x 104 hours= 77,200.0/3216.7 days/365= 8.81 years

Saturn
T=D/V
T= 8.86 x 108 miles

1.2 x 103 Mph
T=7.4 x 105=740,000/24=30833.33/365=84.5 years

Neptune
T=D/V
T=2.7 x 109 miles

1.2 x 103 mph
T=2.25 x 106= 22,250,000hours/24=93750 Days/365=256.8 Years
(Use scientific notation)

Write an Essay that explains which fossil is older: (use your graphs)
Fossil A
18% of Fusarus remaining

Fossil B
35% of Montanosaurus remaining

I. Investigation Design
A. Problem Statement:
How do you use density to identify metals?

B. Hypothesis:

If density is known then the unknown metals can be correctly identified because every metal
has its own specific density.

C. Independent Variable: The metals
Levels of IV

Coper Tin Bronze Brass Zink Aluminum

D. Dependent Variable: Beaker
Density (g/cm​3)

E. Constants: Procedures Triple beam balance
Amount of water

F. Control:
Water

To conclude the purpose of this experiment was to identify different metals(Copper, Zinc,
Bronze, Aluminum, Brass, Tin). Our hypothesis was initially that If density is known then the
unknown metals can be correctly identified because every metal has its own specific density.
Our hypothesis was correct, first we measured the weight of the metal then we filled a
graduated cylinder to 50 and put the metal in, then subtract the amount it went up and finally
divide the density by the number subtracted. For example, in my experiment copper has the
density of 7.125 g/cm3 and brass has the density of 8.5 g/cm3. In the experiment we had some
problems with finding out the density because getting the perfect measurement was really hard
for my group. In the final analysis, our hypothesis was correct because when we found the
density we could match numbers to the metals.

IV. Research and Applications
6-8 sentences about your topic
*How does Density relate to Plate Tectonics?
Provide resources and Diagrams

Density relates to Plate Tectonics because in the mantle the temperature varies
depending on the density. Cold areas are more dense and therefore sink. Warm areas expand
and become more buoyant and less dense than their surroundings and rise. Buoyant means
that an object is able to stay afloat or rise to the top of a liquid or gas. This process is called
convection. Convection rate is controlled by the magnitude of the density differences. Density
and its thickness is what is determined the height of the plate. Plate tectonics are the theory
that Earth's outer shell is divided into several plates that glide over the mantle, the rocky inner
layer above the core. In the earth there are two different types of plates oceanic plates and
continental plates. Oceanic plates consist of an oceanic crust called "sima". Sima is made up
primarily of silicon and magnesium and Continental plates consist of a continental crust called
"sial". Sial is made up primarily of silicon and aluminum. One main difference between
continental plates and oceanic plates is the density and height of the plates. Continental plates
are thicker less dense and higher than oceanic plates. Oceanic plates are thinner more dense
plates and they float low in earth's atmosphere.

ABCD E F
1
Density Lab Date: ______________________
2
3
Name: _____________________
4
Class: _________
5

6 Volume Before (mL) Volume After (mL) Volume Object (cm3)
Object Mass (g)
Density (g/cm3) 56 6 8.5
7
A 68 50 106.8 13.35 6.675
8
B 80.84 50 58 8 9
9
C 72 50 53 3 6.95
10
D 20.85 50 54 4 7.125
11
E 28.5 50 54 4 7.175
12
F 28.7 50 59 9 2.43r
13
G 21.9 50 62 12 2.45
14
H 29.5 50 Mass (g) Volume Before Volume After Volume Object
15
Unknown Objects 54 4 7.3
Density (g/cm3) 54 4 5.35
16 317.3 50 9.78
1 28.9 50 57 7 7.35
17 54 4 2.5
2 29.2 50 62 12 9.06
18 58 8 2.7875
3 267.3 50 58 8
19
4 68.5 50
20
5 29.4 50
21
6 30 50
22
7 72.5 50
23
8 22.3 50
24
9
25

Scientific Method

Directions: R​ ead the following description of an experiment and complete the
components of the scientific method.

Experiment:
Option #1: ​Patrick believed that fish would become smarter and complete a maze
faster if they ate food that was placed in a microwave first. He had 100 fish that he
could use for the experiment. He evaluated their intelligence based on their time to
complete the maze.

Option #2:​ Mr. Smithers believed that Caffeine may make people more alert. Mr.
Smithers tested 100 people by using their scores in the same video game. Devin had 3
different brands of drinks with 10 g, 20 g, and 30 g of caffeine respectively. He
measured their scores on a video game that had a range of 0-1000 points. Some of the
players were not given caffeine drinks. on the game

*Help Mr. Smithers design an effective experiment and write a conclusion that analyzes
your results.

Problem Statement
Will the fish become smarter if it is given microwaved food?

Hypothesis
If the fishes food is microwaved then the fish will complete the maze faster.

Independent Variable

Different fish The type of fish The speed of the fish Intelligence of the fish

Dependent Variable The type of food being given to the fish
Th​ e fish

Constants​ (Pick 2)
The maze

Control
No fish

Basic Procedures:​
(List 5-8 steps)

1. Figure out your experiment
2. Make a problem statement
3. Create a hypothesis
4. Test your hypothesis by completing the experiment
5. Create a data table
6. Create a graph
7. Write your conclusion

Data Table:​ (Place data table here) Microwaved food
22.5 Seconds
Fish 1 15.3 Seconds
Fish 2 18.5 Seconds
Fish 3 20.0 Seconds
Fish 4 16.45 Seconds
Fish 5

Fish 1 Not Microwaved food
Fish 2 42.25 Seconds
Fish 3 36.7 Seconds
Fish 4 40.72 Seconds
Fish 5 33.84 Seconds
45.9 Seconds

Graph:​ (Place graph here)

Conclusion:
Purpose, Hypothesis, Description, Data or evidence, Improvements, Conclusion

To conclude, the hypothesis was correct I know this because the data above shows that
when a fish was given food that was microwaved the fish completed the maze faster than the
fish who received food that wasn't microwaved. Therefor, microwaved food does improve a
fish's intelligence

1. A scientist conducted an experiment to determine how the amount
of salt in a body of water affects the number of plants that can live in

the water. In this experiment the dependent variable is
_____________.

Your Answer: ​the amount of salt in the water

Incorrect

0 / 1 point(s)

2. A scientist hypothesizes that the temperature at which an
alligator's egg is incubated will determine whether the alligator will
be male or female. The independent variable is ____________.

Your Answer: t​ he incubator

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

3. In an experiment, the factor that we measure and is on the Y-axis
is called the ____________.

Your Answer: d​ ependent variable

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

4. In an experiment, the one variable that is changed by the
experimenter is called the _____________.

Your Answer: i​ ndependent variable

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

5. If you were measuring the mass of a fly, you should use
____________.

Your Answer: ​grams

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

6. If you wanted to know the volume of water in a small can of soda,
you would use ______________.

Your Answer: ​milliliters

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

7. A scientist who wants to study the affects of fertilizer on plants
sets up an experiment. Plant A gets no fertilizer, Plant B gets 5 mg.
of fertilizer each day, and Plant C gets 10mg. of fertilizer each day.
Which plant is the control?

Your Answer: ​Plant A

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

8. Victoria grows the same bacteria in 20 petri dishes. She places 10
of the dishes in a container with a normal atmosphere. The
remaining dishes she places in a container in which the oxygen level
is double the normal level. She labels the first group "A" and the
second group "B". Which of the following best describes the
groups?

Your Answer: G​ roup A is the control group; Group B is the experimental group

Incorrect

0 / 1 point(s)

9. Homer notices that his shower is covered in a strange green
slime. Homer decides to spray half of the shower with coconut juice
thinking this will kill the slime. He sprays the other half of the shower
with water. After 3 days of "treatment" the green slime on the

coconut juice side of the shower dies. The dependent variable in his
experiment is _____________.

Your Answer: t​ here is no dependent variable

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

10. For an experiment, a scientist put lime at the base of tomato
plant A and baking soda at the base of tomato plant B. She then
sealed the plants in plastic bags. Tomato plant A eventually died,
and tomato plant B stayed healthy. What is the Independent Variable
in this experiment?

Your Answer: t​ he substance at the base of each plant

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

11. I am trying to clean my bathroom because it has mold on the
bottom. I was told to use oxy clean to get it up. I use oxy clean on
half of the bathroom and water on the other half. The control is:

Your Answer: ​water

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

12. A scientist plants two rows of corn for experimentation. She puts
fertilizer on row 1 but does not put fertilizer on row 2. Both rows
receive the same amount of water and light intensity. She checks the
growth of the corn over the course of 5 months. What is a constant
in this experiment.

Your Answer: A​ mount of water

Incorrect

0 / 1 point(s)

13. A student wants to conduct an experiment to find out how pulse
rates changes as the length of time spent exercising increases. The
dependent variable will be _____.

Your Answer: t​ ime spent exercising

Incorrect

0 / 1 point(s)

14. A student hypothesized that the amount of sunlight a sunflower
plant receives determines the number of sunflower seeds the plant
produces. In her experiment, the number of seeds produced is the
_____.

Your Answer: ​constant

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

15. In a controlled experiment, the independent variable is ____.

Your Answer: c​ hanged to test the hypothesis - it goes on the x-axis

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

16. Sarah wanted to find out if temperature has an effect on the
growth of bread mold. She grew the mold in nine Petri dishes
containing the same amount and type of nutrients. Three were kept
at 0 C, three were kept at 90 C, and three were kept at room
temperature, 27 C. The containers were examined and the growth of
the bread mold was recorded each Friday for five weeks. Which of
the following is her hypothesis?

Your Answer: ​If the temperature changes then the amount of bread mold will change.

Incorrect

0 / 1 point(s)

17. Sarah wanted to find out if temperature has an effect on the
growth of bread mold. She grew the mold in nine Petri dishes
containing the same amount and type of nutrients. Three were kept
at 0 C, three were kept at 90 C, and three were kept at room
temperature, 27 C. The containers were examined and the growth of
the bread mold was recorded each Friday for five weeks. The
independent variable is:

Your Answer: ​number of containers at each temperature

Incorrect

0 / 1 point(s)

18. What is the independent variable in the experiment found in the
link below?

Your Answer: t​ he intensity or brightness of the light

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

19. In the experiment found on the link, all of the following variables
must be held constant EXCEPT

Your Answer: ​color of the light

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

20. An unknown substance from planet X has a density of 10 g/mL. It
occupies a volume of 80 mL. What is the mass of this unknown
substance?

Your Answer: 8​ 00 g

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

21. A graduated cylinder has 22 mL of water placed in it. An
irregularly shaped rock is then placed in the graduated cylinder and
the volume of the rock and water in the graduated cylinder now
reads 30 mL . The mass of the rock is 24 g. What is the density of the
rock?

Your Answer: ​3 g/cm3

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

22. A rectangular solid of unknown density is 5 cm long, 2 cm high,
and 4 cm wide. The mass of this solid is 300 grams. Given this
information for this homogeneous material, calculate the density.

Your Answer: ​7.5 g/cm3

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

23. Silver has a density of 10.5 g/cm3 and gold has a density of 19.3
g/cm3 . Which would have a greater mass, 5 cm3 of silver or 5 cm3
of gold?

Your Answer: G​ old

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

24. A 28.5 g of iron is added to a graduated cylinder containing 45.5
mL of water. The water level rises to the 49.1 mark. Calculate the
density.

Your Answer: 7​ .92 g/cm3

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

25. 43.2 m = __________ mm

Your Answer: ​43200

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

26. 8700 mL = ________ L

Your Answer: 8​ .7

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

27. 5.9 km = _____________ m

Your Answer: ​5900

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

28. 756.0 cg = _____________ g

Your Answer: 7​ .56

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

29. 23,000 mm = _____________ m

Your Answer: ​23

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

30. Metric Unit for Mass

Your Answer: ​GRAMS

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

31. Metric Unit for Density of a Solid

Your Answer: g​ /cm3

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

32. Metric Unit for Density of a Liquid

Your Answer: g​ /mL

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

33. Which appliance is used twice as many hours on the weekends
as it is on weekdays?

Your Answer: T​ V

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

34.On average, how many hours is the computer used on a
weekday?

Your Answer: ​2

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

35. Which 2 objects are the same substance?

Your Answer: ​1 and 4

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

36. What would the mass of the gold in B if the volume is 50% of A?

Your Answer: 5​ 00 g

Incorrect

0 / 1 point(s)

37. Why does the Oceanic Plate sink below the Continental Plate in
the picture?

Your Answer: ​None

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

38. Why are mountains such as the Himalayans formed? Study the
picture.

Your Answer: C​ ontinental plates collide with equal density Continental Plates and are
forced upwards.

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

39. What volume of silver metal will have a mass of exactly 300.0 g.
The density of silver is 10.5 g/cm3.

Your Answer: ​28.6 cm3

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

40. The density of lead is 11.342 g/cm3. What would be the volume of
a 400.0 g sample of this metal?

Your Answer: 3​ 5.3 cm3

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

41. If two objects have the same volume but one has a greater mass,
the one with greater mass

Your Answer: h​ as a higher density

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

42. If the density of water is 1 gram/cm3, this means that the mass of
100 cm3 of water should be

Your Answer: ​100 grams

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

43. The density of hot an cold water are different mainly because

Your Answer: t​ he molecules in hot water move faster and are slightly further apar

The density of an object is

Your Answer: M​ ass divided by the volume D = m/v

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

If two objects have the same volume but one has a greater mass, the
one with greater mass

Your Answer: h​ as a higher density

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

If two objects have the same volume but one is made up of smaller
and heavier atoms, the one with small heavy atoms will

Your Answer: b​ e more dense than the other

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

If you cut a wooden block in half, each half would have

Your Answer: t​ he same density as the original piece

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

If two objects have the same mass but different volumes

Your Answer: ​the one with the larger volume has the lowest density

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

If the density of water is 1 gram/cm3, this means that the mass of
100 cm3 of water should be

Your Answer: ​100 grams

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

Density is a characteristic property of a substance. This means that
the density of water

Your Answer: s​ tays the same regardless of the volume

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

Woof floats in water. If you measured the mass of the same volume
of wood and water

Your Answer: t​ he water would have a greater mass

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

A carrot floats in salt water but sinks in fresh water. This is because

Your Answer: s​ alt water is more dense than fresh water

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

A tiny piece of sand is very light but sinks in water. This is because

Your Answer: ​sand is more dense than water

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

The density of hot an cold water are different mainly because

Your Answer: ​the molecules in hot water move faster and are slightly further apart

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

Pure Gold has a Density of 19.32 g/cm3. How large would a piece of
gold be if it had a mass of 318.97 g?

Your Answer: ​16.5 cm3

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

Calculate the density of sulfuric acid if 35.4 mL of the acid is 65.14 g.

Your Answer: 1​ .84 g/mL

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

28.5 g of iron hot is added to a graduated cylinder containing 45.5
mL of water. The water level rises to the 49.10 mL mark. From this
information, calculate the density of iron.

Your Answer: ​7.92 g/cm3

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

The density of silver is 10.49 g/cm3. If a sample of pure silver has a
volume of 27 cm3, what would be its mass?

Your Answer: 2​ 83.2 g

Correct

+1 / 1 point(s)

A student finds a rock on the way to school. In the laboratory he
determines that the volume of the rock is 34.5 cm3, and the mass is
48.3 g. What is the density of the rock?

Your Answer: 1​ .4 g/cm3

34.2 cm = ______m Correct

Your Answer: 0​ .342 +1 / 1 point(s)

4500.0 mg = _____g Correct

Your Answer: 4​ .5 +1 / 1 point(s)

7.2 L = _____mL Correct

Your Answer: ​7200 +1 / 1 point(s)

2.35 km = ______m Correct

Your Answer: ​2350 +1 / 1 point(s)

8600.0 m = ______ km

Your Answer: ​8.6

Calculate Heat Energy: * SH

Apply the following Equations: Boiling Heat of
Heat = Mass * Heat of Fusion Pt. ​(C) Vaporization
Heat = Mass * Change in Temperature
Heat = Mass * Heat of Vaporization (cal/g)
Data Table:

Metal Mass Heat of Melting Specific Heat
Fusion Pt.​ (C) Heat Energy
(cal/g) (cal/gC) (cal)

Water 65 g 80 0 100 540 1

Aluminum 65 g 95 660 2467 2500 0.21

Gold 65 g 15 1063 2800 377 0.03

*SHOW ALL MATH STEPS
Math Steps (____ out of 4)
A. Aluminum

Heat = m • Hf​ usion
Heat = 65 g • 95 cal/g
Heat = 6175 cal

Heat = m • ΔT • SH
Heat = 65 g • 1807℃ • 0.21 cal/g℃
Heat = 24,665.55 cal

Heat = m • H​vapotization
Heat = 65 g • 2500 cal/g
Heat = 162,500 cal

Total = 6165 + 24,665.55 + 162,500
Total = 193,340.55 cal
1.93 x 10​5

All substances aren’t the same. To turn .21g of a metal (aluminum) into one solid gram, you
have to use .21 calories. To turn 1 G of an element, you need 1 calorie.If you added heat to the
elements

3. Activity: Phase Change of Water

Directions:
● Melt the ice water and record the temperatures every 30 seconds until you reach the
boiling point of water.
● Record the temperatures on the following data table:
​ ​Construct a graph of your results. *​Use Link on Classroom
● Respond to the Critical Thinking Questions

Graph:

Critical Thinking Questions:

1. When did the temperatures stay the same on the graph? Why did the
temperatures stay the same at 2 points during the lab?

The temperatures stayed the same on the graph when the heat of fusion
occurred, where the ice turned into 0 degree water, and when the heat of
vaporization occurred, and the 100 degree water turned into vapor.
2. How would the graph be different if we tried this experiment with Gold?

Explain:
The graph would be different if we conducted this experiment with gold because
gold and water have different heats of vaporization and fusion, as well as
specific heats, meaning Gold would take more joules of heat to turn from solid
to liquid, then to vapor, and the chart would
3. What is the role of energy during the phase changes?
During phase changes, energy increases to add potential energy, and in the
case of heat of fusion, melt the ice lattice, while in the heat of vaporization, force
molecules away from each other.
4. Describe the motion of the molecules throughout the experiment. Find

diagrams that show the motion.

In the beginning of the experiment, the molecules were in solid form, as they were
ice. After the heat of fusion, the molecules were in liquid form, or water. After
boiling, the molecules started to break apart and evaporated into gas.
5. How does the Average Kinetic Energy change throughout the experiment?

(Be specific)

The average kinetic energy changes throughout the experiment when heat is
added, and the vibrations of molecules intensify.

6. Suppose you had 200 mL of ice in one beaker and 400 mL of ice in another
beaker. Compare and explain the following in the beakers after they have
reached the boiling point:

A. Heat Energy

The heat energy of 400 mL of boiling water would be greater than 200 mL of
boiling. This is because it takes more energy to boil more water.

B. Temperature

The temperature of 400 mL of water and 200 mL of water are the same at
the boiling point, although it takes more energy to reach this point.

C. Average Kinetic Energy

The average kinetic energy of 400 mL of water and 200 mL of water are
different after the boiling point. This is because it takes more heat energy
to reach this point, meaning more kinetic energy.

D. Specific Heat

The specific heat of 400 mL of boiling water and 200 mL of boiling water is
the same, as they are both liquid water.

E. Latent Heat (Define it)

Latent heat is energy released or absorbed, by a body or system, during a
constant-temperature process (phase change).

7. Why do we put water in a car’s engine? Explain:

Water can be added to a car’s engine to keep it from overheating, this is
called a coolant

8. What’s the difference between two substances ( water and moth crystals )

The difference between the two substances is the moth crystals heat up and
cool down faster than water.

Unit 1: Uniform Motion Name_______________________________

Worksheet 8 Date__________________Period________

Speed and Velocity Problems

What is the average speed of a cheetah that sprints 100 m in 4 s? How about if it sprints 50 m
in 2 s?

V=D/T
V=100m/4sec
V=25m/s
If a car moves with an average speed of 60 km/hr for an hour, it will travel a distance of 60 km.
How far will it travel if it continues this average rate for 4 hrs?
D=V*T
D=60kms*4hrs
D=240kms/hr

A runner makes one lap around a 200 m track in a time of 25.0 s. What was the runner's

average speed? Answer: 8.0 m/s

V=D/T

V=200m/5s

V=40m/s

Light and radio waves travel through a vacuum in a straight line at a speed of very nearly 3.00 ×

108 m/s. How far is light year (the distance light travels in a year)? Answer: 9.50 × 1015 m.

D=V*T

D=3*10 to the 8*3.15*10 to the 7

D=9.15*10 to the 15

A motorist travels 406 km during a 7.0 hr period. What was the average speed in km/hr and

m/s? Answers: 58 km/hr, 16 m/s.

D=V*T

D=406kms*7hr

D=2842kms/hr

A bullet is shot from a rifle with a speed of 720 m/s. What time is required for the bullet to strike

a target 3240 m away? Answer: 4.5 s.

T=D/V

T=3240m/720ms

T=4.5s

Light from the sun reaches the earth in 8.3 minutes. The speed of light is 3.0 × 108 m/s. In

kilometers, how far is the earth from the sun? Answer: 1.5 × 108 km.

D=V*T

D=8.3*1.5*10 to the 8

D=1.5*10 to the 8

*An auto travels at a rate of 25 km/hr for 4 minutes, then at 50 km/hr for 8 minutes, and finally at

20 km/hr for 2 minutes. Find the total distance covered in km and the average speed for the

complete trip in m/s. Answers: 9 km, 10.7 m/s.

D=V*T

D=25*.06+50*.13+20*.03

D= 9km/hr

*If you traveled one mile at a speed of 100 miles per hour and another mile at a speed of 1 mile

per hour, your average speed would not be (100 mph + 1 mph)/2 or 50.5 mph. What would be

your average speed? (Hint: What is the total distance and total time?) Answer: 1.98 mph.

D=V*T

D=200/101

D=1.98

*What is your average speed in each of these cases?
You run 100 m at a speed of 5.0 m/s and then you walk 100 m at a speed of 1.0 m/s.
You run for 100 s at a speed of 5.0 m/s and then you walk for 100 s at a speed of 1.0 m/s.
Answers: 1.7 m/s, 3.0 m/s.

D=V*T

D=5/3
D=1.7

D=V*T
D=600/200
D=3
*A race car driver must average 200 km/hr for four laps to qualify for a race. Because of engine
trouble, the car averages only 170 km/hr over the first two laps. What average speed must be
maintained for the last two laps?
D=V*T
D= 4x200-2x170=4x*170-2x*200*3400=7x85h
D=170/7 km/hr
*A car traveling 90 km/hr is 100 m behind a truck traveling 50 km/hr. How long will it take the
car to reach the truck?
D=V*T
D=90/100
D=9

The peregrine falcon is the world's fastest known bird and has been clocked diving downward
toward its prey at constant vertical velocity of 97.2 m/s. If the falcon dives straight down from a
height of 100. m, how much time does this give a rabbit below to consider his next move as the
falcon begins his descent?
D = V*T

D = 340m/s / 5.2 s
D = 65.4 m deep

Acceleration Worksheet. Name: _________________________

Date: ______________

14.2 Acceleration

Acceleration is the rate of change in the speed of an object. To determine the rate of

acceleration, you use the formula below. The units for acceleration are meters per second per

second or m/s2.

A positive value for acceleration shows speeding up, and negative value for acceleration shows
slowing down. Slowing down is also called deceleration.
The acceleration formula can be rearranged to solve for other variables such as final speed (v2)
and time (t).

EXAMPLES
1. A skater increases her velocity from 2.0 m/s to 10.0 m/s in 3.0 seconds. What is the
skater’s acceleration?
Looking for

Acceleration of the skater
A= 10.0-2.0
A= 3.0
A=2.67

Solution

The acceleration of the skater is 2.7 meters per second per second.
Given
Beginning speed = 2.0 m/s
Final speed = 10.0 m/s
Change in time = 3 seconds

Relationship

2. A car accelerates at a rate of 3.0 m/s2. If its original speed is 8.0 m/s, how many
seconds will it take the car to reach a final speed of 25.0 m/s?
Looking for
The time to reach the final speed.

Solution
`
The time for the car to reach its final speed is 5.7 seconds.

Given
Beginning speed = 8.0 m/s; Final speed = 25.0 m/s
Acceleration = 3.0 m/s2

Relationship

1. While traveling along a highway a driver slows from 24 m/s to 15 m/s in 12 seconds.
What is the automobile’s acceleration? (Remember that a negative value indicates a slowing
down or deceleration.)

A = (V2 - V1)/T2
A = (15 m/s - 24 m/s)/12 Sec.
A = -9 m/s/12 sec.
A=

2. A parachute on a racing dragster opens and changes the speed of the car from 85 m/s
to 45 m/s in a period of 4.5 seconds. What is the acceleration of the dragster?

A=85-45
4.5
A= 8.89

3. The table below includes data for a ball rolling down a hill. Fill in the missing data values
in the table and determine the acceleration of the rolling ball.Skip
Time (seconds)
Speed (km/h)
0 (start)
0 (start)
2
3
4
6
6
9
8
12
10
15

Acceleration = ___________________________

4. A car traveling at a speed of 30.0 m/s encounters an emergency and comes to a
complete stop. How much time will it take for the car to stop if it decelerates at -4.0 m/s2?

T= D/V
T= 30.0/-4.0
T= 7.5m/s2

5. If a car can go from 0 to 60 mi/hr in 8.0 seconds, what would be its final speed after 5.0
seconds if its starting speed were 50 mi/hr?

D=50x5.0
D=250mi/hr

6. A cart rolling down an incline for 5.0 seconds has an acceleration of 4.0 m/s2. If the cart
has a beginning speed of 2.0 m/s, what is its final speed?
D=3.0x4.0
D=12mi/s

7. A helicopter’s speed increases from 25 m/s to 60 m/s in 5 seconds. What is the
acceleration of this helicopter?

A= 60-25
A=35
A=35/5
A= 7

8. As she climbs a hill, a cyclist slows down from 25 mi/hr to 6 mi/hr in 10 seconds. What is
her deceleration?

A= 25-6
A=19
A=19/10
A=1.9

9. A motorcycle traveling at 25 m/s accelerates at a rate of 7.0 m/s2 for 6.0 seconds. What
is the final speed of the motorcycle?

D= 25x6.0
D=150m/s

10. A car starting from rest accelerates at a rate of 8.0 m/s/s. What is its final speed at the
end of 4.0 seconds?

D=8.0x4.0
D=32m/s

11. After traveling for 6.0 seconds, a runner reaches a speed of 10 m/s. What is the runner’s
acceleration?
D=6.0x10.0
D=60

12. A cyclist accelerates at a rate of 7.0 m/s2. How long will it take the cyclist to reach a
speed of 18 m/s?

T=D/V
T=18x7.0

T=2.57

13. A skateboarder traveling at 7.0 meters per second rolls to a stop at the top of a ramp in
3.0 seconds. What is the skateboarder’s acceleration?

D=7.0x3.0
D=21m/s

A = v2 -v1T2 V2 = V1 + (a * T) T = V2 - V1a

After traveling for 14.0 seconds, a bicyclist reaches a speed of 89 m/s. What is the runner’s
acceleration?
T=1.4s
V1=0
V2=89
A=?
A=V2-V1/T
A=89-0/14
A=6.4m/s2

A = v2 -v1T2
A car starting from rest accelerates at a rate of 18.0 m/s/s. What is its final speed at the end of
5.0 seconds?
V2 = V1 + (a * T)
V1=0m/s
V2=?\
A=18m/s2
T=5 s
V2=v1+ A*T
v2=0 +(18x5)
V2=90

A cyclist accelerates at a rate of 16.0 m/s2. How long will it take the cyclist to reach a speed of
49 m/s?
T = V2 - V1a
A=16m/s
v1+0m/s
V2=49m/s
T=v2-v11/a

T=49-0/16
T=3.1 s
3. During an Apollo moon landing, reflecting panels were placed on the moon. This allowed
earth-based astronomers to shoot laser beams at the moon's surface to determine its distance.
The reflected laser beam was observed 4.6 seconds after the laser pulse was sent. The speed
of light is 3.0 × 108 m/s. What was the distance between the astronomers and the moon?
D=V*T
D=3.0 * 103m/s * 2.3
D=6.9* 103m/s=690,000,00m/s

Directions: Choose 4 or 5
It is now 10:29 a.m., but when the bell rings at 10:30 a.m. Suzette will be late for French class
for the third time this week. She must get from one side of the school to the other by hurrying
down three different hallways. She runs down the first hallway, a distance of 65.0 m, at a speed
of 5.2 m/s. The second hallway is filled with students, and she covers its 32.0 m length at an
average speed of 1.46 m/s. The final hallway is empty, and Suzette sprints its 60.0 m length at
a speed of 7.3 m/s.
Does Suzette make it to class on time or does she get detention for being late again?

The tortoise and the hare are in a road race to defend the honor of their breed. The tortoise
crawls the entire 1000. m distance at a speed of 0.35 m/s while the rabbit runs the first 200.0 m
at 1.85 m/s The rabbit then stops to take a nap for 1.200 hr and awakens to finish the last 800.0
m with an average speed of 4.2 m/s. Who wins the race and by how much time?
T=D/V
T=1000/35m/s
T=2857.14m/s

T=D/V
T=200/1.85m/s
T=108.12m/s+1.2*3600
T=4320s

T=D/V
T=800/4.2m/s
T=190.5s

4320+190.5=4510.5= Rabbit lost the race and torris won
What is the Acceleration of the Cart on the Ramp? Determine the Angle of the Ramp (A).
Angle Chart: https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B4RmhXJlHvo1YXZhcDNMSDNSMXc

Which Angle had the greatest Acceleration? Write a Conclusion based on your findings.
Create a Graph if you have time.
Height of Ramp
(Opposite)
Dist. 1
Time 1
Velocity 1
Dist. 2
Time 2
Velocity 2
Acceleration

50 m
100 m
10 sec.
10
100 m
5 sec.
20
2m/s

100 m
100 m
5 sec.
20
100 m
2 sec.
50
15m/s
Graph: (graph the angle on x-axis, acceleration on y-axis)

Acceleration
Conclusion: (Purpose, hypothesis, correct, data to support, how did you get the angle?)
The purpose of this experiment was to grasp a better understanding of steps to findinding the
acceleration of a cart on a ramp. I completed this experiment by finding the missing times to
confirm our answers. The missing times were 10,20,20,50, these numbers assisted me with the
velocity of the cart. My hypothesis was incorrect because I was unsure what the number would
later equal. I got the acceleration by subtracting velocity 2 by velocity one and then dividing that
number by the second time. The acceleration of the first ramp was 2m/s and the acceleration of
the second ramp was 15m/s. To conclude, the acceleration of the cart ramp was 2 and 15 and I
know this because of the evidence stated earlier.

Potential Energy Project

Due: Friday 3/17

Define and make note cards or QUIZLET for the following words:

Energy: the strength and vitality required for sustained physical of mental activity

Joules; The science unit of work or energy
Chemical Potential Energy: A form of potential energy that is released or absorbed during a
chemical reaction
Law of Conservation of Energy: The total energy of an isolated system remains constant.
Kinetic Energy;
The energy of motion
Kilojoules; unit of measure of energy
Elastic Potential Energy:the energy stored in elastic materials as a result of their stretching or
compressing
Gravity: Force that attracts somthing to the center of the earth
Potential Energy;the stored energy of a position possessed by an object.
Gravitational Potential Energy;The energy stored in an object as the result of its vertical height
of position
Mechanical Energy;Energy acquired by the object upon which work is done

Resource: http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/energy/Lesson-1/Potential-Energy
Gravitational Potential Energy
Determine the Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE) of 3 different masses (g) at 3 different
heights.
3 objects: You, African Elephant, Chevy Camaro (research the masses)
*2.2 lbs = 1 kg
Average Person
137 lbs. = 62.1422 kg
Hight 40 meters
Gallon of Milk
8.6 lbs. = 3.90089 kg
Hight= 30 meters
Bichon Frise (Dog Breed):
31.6 kg
Hight= 20 meters

Data Table:
Your data table will need: Object, mass, gravity, height, GPE
Videos: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x5JeLiSBqQY
*Video shows you how to use the GPE equation.

Object
MAss (kg)
gravity (9.8 m/s2
H2 = 15 m
GPD
Average person
62.1422
9.8
40
24359.7424
Gallon of milk
3.90089
9.8
30
1146.86166
Bichon Frise
31.6
9.8
20
6193.6

Math;
Av per person:
Known:
Unknown:
Formula:
Mass= 62.1422 kg
Height= 40m
Gravity= 9.8 m/s2
Gravitational Potential Energy

PE2 = MGH
PE2 = (62.1422 kg)✕(9.8 m/s2)✕(40m)
PE2 = 24359.7424 J

BF Dog Bread:

Known
Unknown
Formula
Mass= 3.90089kg
Height= 30m
Gravity= 9.8 m/s2

Gravitational Potential Energy
PE2 = MGH
PE2 = (3.90089kg)✕(9.8 m/s2)✕(30m)
PE2 = 1146.86166 J

Av weight of goat:

Known
Unknown
Formula
Mass= 31.6kg
Height= 20m
Gravity= 9.8 m/s2

Gravitational Potential Energy
PE2 = MGH
PE2 = (31.6kg)✕(9.8 m/s2)✕(20m)
PE2 = 6193.6 J

Determine the GPE of one of the masses on the following planets:

Star Wars Planet #1 - 17% greater than Earth’s Gravity

Hoth - 17% greater than Earth’s Gravity

Gravity On Earth = 9.8 m/s2

Gravity on Hoth = 9.8 m/s2 + ( 9.8 m/s2 ✕ 0.17)

= 9.8 m/s2 + 1.666 m/s2

= 11.466 m/s2

Star Wars Planet #2 - 39% less than Earth’s Gravity
Endor - 39% less than Earth’s Gravity
Gravity On Earth = 9.8 m/s2
Gravity on Endor = 9.8 m/s2 - ( 9.8 m/s2 ✕ 0.39)
= 9.8 m/s2 - 3.822 m/s2
= 5.978 m/s2

Star Wars Planet #3 - 82% greater than Earth’s Gravity
Naboo - 82% greater than Earth’s Gravity
Gravity On Earth = 9.8 m/s2
Gravity on Naboo = 9.8 m/s2 + ( 9.8 m/s2 ✕ 0.82)
= 9.8 m/s2 + 8.036 m/s2
= 17.836 m/s2

Hoth;

Known
Unknown
Formula
Mass= 31.6 kg
Height= 20m
Gravity= 11.466 m/s2
Gravitational Potential Energy
PE2 = MGH
PE2 = (31.6 kg)✕(11.466 m/s2)✕(20m)
PE2 = 7246.512 J

Known
Unknown
Formula
Mass= 31.6 kg
Height= 20m
Gravity= 5.978 m/s2

Gravitational Potential Energy

PE2 = MGH
PE2 = (31.6 kg)✕(5.978 m/s2)✕(20m)
PE2 = 3778.096 J

Known
Unkown
Formula
Mass= 31.6 kg
Height= 20m
Gravity= 17.836 m/s2

Gravitational Potential Energy
PE2 = MGH
PE2 = (31.6 kg)✕(17.836 m/s2)✕(20m)
PE2 = 11272.352 J

*Use the height of your favorite Roller Coaster. You will use this to figure out the Velocity at the
bottom of the hill on the Star Wars Planets.

Data Table:

Mass of Bichon Frise (Dog Breed)
Gravity (m/s2)
Height (meters)
GPE (J)
Hoth
31.6
11.466
20
7246.512

Endor
31.6

5.978
20
3778.096
Naboo
31.6
17.836

20
11272.352

Graph:
X - axis: Planet
Y -axis: Potential Energy

Critical Thinking Questions:
What factors affect Gravitational Potential Energy?
The formula for finding the Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE) is Mass✕Gravity✕Height, the
factors that would affect the GPE would be differents masses, gravities, and heights.
Why did the GPE change on the other planets?
he Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE) changed on the other planets because one of the
factors changed, which was the gravity factor. On the other planets, the gravity was either more
or less than the gravity on Earth, changing the Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE).
Which planet would you be able to hit a golf ball further? Explain using data.
You would be able to hit a golf ball the farthest on the planet “Endor”. This is because the
gravity level here is the lowest out of all the other planets, meaning that not only will it go farther,
but take longer to reach the ground too. Also, a similar study was done on the moon. They
found that the golf ball traveled about two and a half miles and took more than a minute to come
back down. Knowing that the gravity on the moon is much less than the gravity on Earth, we can
conclude that the if there is less gravity in the area, then the golf ball will go farther.

How does GPE relate to Chemical Potential Energy?
Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE) relates to Chemical Potential Energy because GPE is the
energy stored in an object as the result of its height, and CPE is released during a chemical
reaction. This means both Chemical Potential Energy and Gravitational Potential Energy
contain/store and release energy within the object.

How do Energy companies use GPE to generate Electrical Energy? Give an example
Energy companies use GPE to generate Electrical Energy by using the water to turn a turbine.
An example is that in hydroelectric power stations, the water is stored behind a dam in a pond.
This water has gravitational potential energy because the water goes down the pipe creating
potential energy and it turns the turbine; which is connected to a generator that produces
electricity.

What happens to the GPE when the object falls to the ground? Describe the Energy
transformations along the way. Use a diagram.
When an object falls to the ground, the energy changes from having its maximum amount of
potential energy and its minimum amount of kinetic energy; to its minimum amount of potential
energy and its maximum amount of kinetic energy.

Worksheet 1:
http://glencoe.mheducation.com/sites/0078600510/student_view0/unit1/chapter4/math_practice
_2.html
Worksheet 2: http://go.hrw.com/resources/go_sc/ssp/HK1MSW65.PDF

PE​2 = mgh
= 12kg * 9.8 m/s​2​ * 3m
= 352.8 J
= 353 J

PE2​ = mgh
= 10kg * 9.8 m/s​2​ * 4m
= 392 J

PE2​ ​ = mgh
= 8kg * 9.8 m/s​2​ * 3m
= 235.2 J
= 235 J