Abstract of SciFair2019

Development of vanilla essential oil emulsion as anesthetic agent
for red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus-mossambicus) transportation

Pattamatida Charoensukprasert, Juthamas Lertakarawong and Nalena Praphairaksit *
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor email: [email protected]

During transportation, fish are often anesthetized to reduce stress and injury rate.
Most fish anesthetics used in the fish transportation are chemical agents such as
Tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222). However, side effects to both fish and
human have been reported after using MS-222. In order to reduce the negative
effects, some herbal essential oils have been used in fish due for their anesthetic
potential and safety. Nevertheless, essential oils must be dissolved in ethanol
before using as fish anesthetic. In addition, there have been some reports of
ethanol side effects on fish. In this research, anesthetic from vanilla oil was
developed in the form of emulsion to avoid using ethanol. Red tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus-mossambicus) is an important economic fish. As a result,
many of red tilapia were used in this study as an animal model. In order to
evaluate anesthetic efficacy of vanilla oil emulsion, the emulsion at the
concentrations of 5, 7.5, 8.5, 8.75 and 10 ml/L were tested. The results showed
that the lowest effective concentration of vanilla oil emulsion that induced stage
3 of fish anesthesia was 8.75 ml/L. In addition, the emulsion at concentrations of
1.25, 2.5 and 3.75 ml/L were examined to determine the optimal concentration
for fish transportation. Fish transportation was simulated for 120 minutes. The
result showed that the optimal concentration for fish transportation was 3.75
ml/L. There was no side effects on fish that received the emulsion. In conclusion,
vanilla oil emulsion can be considered as an effective and safety anesthetic for
red tilapia transportation.

Keywords: Anesthetic, Vanilla essential oil, Red tilapia, Emulsion

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Prevalence and mean intensity of Lecithocladium cristatum
infecting in the black pomfret fish (Parastromateus niger)

Lipika Oopkaew, Supawadee Kaewphetmadan and Thapana Chontananarth *
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]

The black pomfret fish, Parastromateus niger, is an important economically
marine fish because it has favored source of high nutritional value for human
consumption. The Lecithocladium infection is considered a problem for fish,
human and the commercial fisheries. The purposes of this study were to investigate
the epidemiological situation and to identify the Lecithocladium in black pomfret
fish by using the morphological and molecular based methods. Sixty specimens of
the black pomfret fish were collected from the local markets in Bangkok. The
Lecithocladium spp. were recovered from the digestive tract. The result shown that,
all parasite specimens were identified into L. cristatum via their morphological
characters. Regarding the molecular identification, the nucleotide sequence data of
18S rRNA were used for molecular analysis. The L. cristatum in this study showed
97. 0% sequence identity with L. cristatum in GenBank database by using
phylogenetic analysis. The prevalence and mean intensity L. cristatum infection
60.00% and 16.86, respectively. This result was the first report of L. cristatum in
the black pomfret from Thailand. In addition, these data are important for
prevention the Lecithocladium outbreak in the future.
Keywords: Black pomfret fish, Lecithocladium, Prevalence, 18S rRNA

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Comparative some physiological responses in Passiflora
quadrangularis L. and Passiflora edulis Sims under electron beam

Archawit Wiromratana, Teerapat Mananit and Sukhumaporn Saeng-ngam *
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]

Nowadays electron beam become one of the important techniques for plant
mutation such as morphology and plant physiology. Passiflora has becomes an
important economic crop that has high level content of vitamin C and antioxidant.
This study was aimed to compare some physiological responses of Passiflora
quadrangularis L. (yellow passion flower and purple passion flower) and P.edulis
Sims (giant granadilla) on the different intensity of electron beam. Completely
Randomized Design (CRD) was used in this experiment. The treatments were
including five intensity of electron beam at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 gyrating (Gy).
Plant seedlings were measured shoot length and relative growth rate, the maximum
quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), performance index (PI) and chlorophyll
content. Plant samples were collected in every three days. The results showed that
shoot length, relative growth rate, Fv/Fm and PI of both plants were not different.
However, Passiflora quadrangularis L. (yellow passion flower) at 60 Gy and purple
passion flower at 80 Gy that showed chlorophyll content higher than control
group. These results indicated that electron beam at 60 and 80 Gy can induce the
significant increase of chlorophyll content in passion fruit.
Keywords: Chlorophyll, Electron beam, Passion fruit, Photosynthesis

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Effect of aqueous crude extracts from leaves of family Apocynaceae
on growth inhibition of a fungus caused Fusarium wilt on tomato

Kongpop Duangchan, Nutcha Manichart and Somkiat Phornphisutthimas *
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) grown in several areas of Thailand has
found many fungal infections, particularly Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici
caused Fusarium wilt; therefore, the tomato yield has been seriously reduced. This
research aimed at reducing chemical agents used to eliminate this fungus by using
the aqueous leaf extracts from eight species of family Apocynaceae plants in Asok
area including cape periwinkle, golden trumpet, impala lily, oleander, red frangipani,
snowflake, water jasmine, and white frangipani. Different concentrations of
aqueous crude extracts on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and tomato fruits were tested
comparing to captan and metalaxyl, chemical agents used to inhibit this fungal
growth. The fungal inhibition percentage on PDA and degree of disease severity
on tomato fruits were measured. The results showed white frangipani extract at 500
mg/mL gave the highest inhibition percentage (67.80 ± 1.66) (p < 0.05). In
addition, the extracts of cape periwinkle, red frangipani and white frangipani at 500
mg/mL gave the highest reduction of disease severity on tomato fruits (p < 0.05)
nearly as captan. In summary, white frangipani extract has significantly inhibited
both on PDA and tomato fruits as captan.
Keywords: Apocynaceae, Aqueous crude extract, Captan, Fusarium wilt

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Development of immunological based methods for detection of
scale drop disease virus (SDDV) in Asian seabass fish

Supassara Cheawnachom and Parin Chaivisuthangkura *
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]

Scale drop syndrome in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) is an emerging disease
caused by scale drop disease virus (SDDV). The most striking symptom of this
emerging disease are the loss of scales, including tail and fin erosion, broken
fins, scale loss and exophthalmia. SDDV has been classified as a novel member
of the genus Megalocytivirus in the family Iridoviridae. The disease has been
reported in Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand. The objective of this
study was to develop immunological based method for detection of scale drop
disease virus in fish tissues. To confirm the SDDV infection in fish, a PCR
primer set was designed based on the SDDV capsid protein gene. The PCR
amplicon was 1,362 base pairs. The confirmed SDDV infected fish was utilized
to develop the Western blot and immunohistochemistry methods by using a
monoclonal antibody specific to SDDV capsid protein. Western blot analysis
revealed a positive band at approximately 49 kDa corresponded to the size of
SDDV capsid protein. Immunohistochemistry method revealed positive signals
in gill and blood vessel tissues of SDDV-infected fish. In summary, the
developed immunological based methods can be used to detect SDDV infection
in fish.
Keywords: SDDV, Scale drop disease, Lates calcarifer, Western blot,
Immunohistochemistry

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Diversity of pteridophytes along Sunanta Waterfall in Khao Nan
National Park, Tha Sala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province

Thunchanok Rattanakhot and Apirada Sathapattayanon *
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]

This study aimed to investigate pteridophytes diversity along Sunanta Waterfall in
Khao Nan National Park, Tha Sala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province. The
field survey was conducted in June 2019. A total of 13 families 3 subfamilies 23
genera 30 species and 1 variety were recorded. Among these, 3 families 3 genera
and 6 species were lycophytes and 10 families 3 subfamilies 20 genera 24 species
and 1 variety were monilophytes. Family Pteridaceae had the highest number of
species, with 5 species. In according to habitat, there were 22 species of terrestrials,
4 species of epiphytes and 4 species of lithophytes. Furthermore, the new locality
for Selaginella griffithii Spring ex Veitch and Tectaria impressa (Fée) Holttum
were reported. Full descriptions of all species, including their ecological data,
distribution, local name and photographs were provided. All dried specimens were
deposited at Srinakharinwirot University.
Keywords: Diversity, Khao Nan National Park, Lycophyte, Monilophyte

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The prevalence of gastrointestinal tract parasite and molecular
identification of Ascaridia galli in chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus).

Tanapat Watcharakranjanaporn and Thapana Chontananarth *
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]

One major problem of chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) farming was various
parasitic infections, especially Ascaridia galli that can cause the disease
Ascaridiasis and is commonly found worldwide. A. galli infections affect the low
quantity and quality of the products. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to
investigate the epidemiological situation of gastrointestinal tract parasitic
infections and to develop species-specific primer for A. galli detection. A total of
247 chicken gastrointestinal tract specimens from 5 fresh markets in Bangkok
comprising Khlong Toei market, Yaowarat Old market, Sam Yan market,
Prannok market and Bang Khae market. The results showed that 7 species of
helminths were identified based on their morphological characteristics using
permanent slides including A. galli (5.26%), Cotugnia sp. (3.64%), Raillietina
tetragona (3.24%), Raillietina sp. (1.62%), R. echinobothrida (0.81%), R. cesticillus
(0.81%), and Choanotaenia infundibulum (0.40%). The species-specific primers
of A. galli were manually designed using the mitochondrial genome at the NADH
dehydrogenase subunit 4 (MT-ND 4) gene. As a result, PCR assays were
optimized for the specific PCR product approximately 198 bp with the optimal
temperature of 51°C. In addition, sensitivity tests provided the detection of adult
and egg stages at the minimum concentrations of 156.3 ng and 2.8 ng (70 eggs),
respectively. This research can be used as preliminary information regarding the
epidemic situation of gastrointestinal tract infections in chickens and detection of
A. galli infection in definitive hosts, which plans programs for the effective control
and prevention of parasitic infections.

Keywords: Ascaridia galli, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (MT-ND 4),
Parasitic infections, Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

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Detection of specific immune response in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis
niloticus) after vaccination with Aeromonas hydrophila, Streptococcus
agalactiae and Flavobacterium columnare using indirect enzyme-
linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)

Juntinee Chinvilai, Kanyarat Kunlachart, Natsuda Phondee and Siwaporn Longyant *
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]

This study was aimed to investigate the immune response of Nile tilapia
(Oreochromis niloticus) after vaccination with heat-killed whole cell vaccines
derived from Aeromonas hydrophila (AH), Streptococcus agalactiae (Strep) and
Flavobacterium columnare (FC). Sixty Nile tilapia fishes were divided into four
treatments and injected with: 1) Phosphate buffer saline (PBS), 2) AH, 3) Strep
and 4) FC at day 7 and 21. Serum from each fish was collected at day 0 and 1
week after the first and the second injections (day 14 and day 28). The serum
from each fish was determined by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
(ELISA) using tilapia immunoglobulin-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAb-
OIM59G). The results revealed that titer levels of immunoglobulin, which are
specific to all three species of bacteria in the serum from the second vaccinated
fish (28 days), increased significantly in comparison with the serum from pre-
vaccinated and the control groups. This study shows that heat-killed whole cell
vaccines of AH, Strep and FC effectively generated a specific immune response
in tilapia and the indirect ELISA method can be used to monitor the specific
immune response in fish after receiving the vaccines.

Keywords: Immune response, Indirect ELISA, Monoclonal antibody, Nile
tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, Vaccination

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Species identification of poisonous mushrooms in the genus
Chlorophyllum using ITS sequence data

Supapich Archwichai, Thadasak Kongrom and Achariya Rangsiruji *
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]

Epidemiological data shows increasing incidence rates of mushroom food poisoning
in Thailand. Chlorophyllum molybdites is a gastrointestinal (GI) irritant mushroom
that causes nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea after ingestion. Poisonous mushrooms
are routinely identified based on both macroscopic and microscopic morphological
characteristics. However, the remnants of unconsumed mushroom samples from
the patients are mostly incomplete. Thus, standard methods for morphological
identification do not always yield satisfactory results. The objective of this study
was to use the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions to identify the
species of Chlorophyllum from clinical samples as well as a natural habitat in
Srinakharinwirot University. Similarity search of ITS sequence data was carried
out in GenBank. A phylogenetic tree was constructed based on neighbor-joining
algorithms in order to identify taxonomic placements of the species. Applications
of bioinformatics and molecular biology yielded the ITS-based phylogeny as an
effective diagnostic approach for the GI toxin-containing mushroom.
Keywords: Chlorophyllum, GI toxin-containing mushroom, Internal transcribed
spacer (ITS), Neighbor-joining

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Expression analysis and characterization of Tumor Necrosis
factor (TNF) from Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Nampech Somyoo, Piyawan Prabsattru and Parin Chaivisuthangkura *
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) gene is associated with the survival of cells and
inflamatory response by the immune system, which can be found in many species
such as mammal, insect and prawn. In this study, TNF gene of giant freshwater
prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (MrTNF) was analyzed and characterized.
The expression analysis of TNF gene in 7 organs including gill, heart,
hepatopancreas, hemocyte, intestine, stomach and muscle from healthy prawn by
real-time RT-PCR was performed using primers specific for TNF and EF1-alpha,
used as a reference gene. The results showed that TNF gene is highly expressed
in the muscle tissue. MrTNF showed 89.70% identities with TNF of Macrobrachium
nipponense and 48.39% identities with TNF of Procambarus clarkia. Phylogenetic
tree analysis revealed that MrTNF is closely related to TNF of M. nipponense and
hypothetical protein of Penaeus vannamei. Further studies are needed to characterize
the function of MrTNF gene.
Keywords: Tumor necrosis factor, Gene expression, Macrobrachium rosenbergii

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Production of polyclonal antibodies against Aeromonas hydrophila

Supapich Saengsawang, Sakawduen Choolaoiad and Siwaporn Longyant *
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]

Aeromonas hydrophila is a bacterium that causes a severe disease in freshwater
fish and can infect human as well. In this study, four mice were immunized with
heat-killed form of A. hydrophila by intraperitoneal injection. After the fourth
immunization, polyclonal antibodies (PAbs) in the serum were used to perform
specificity tests against A. hydrophila and others by western blotting and dot
blotting. The results showed that all PAbs specifically recognized A. hydrophila
without cross-reactivity to other bacteria tested. It is promising that these well-
responding mice can be used to develop monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), which
are more specific.
Keywords: Aeromonas hydrophila, Polyclonal antibodies

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Species diversity of birds during winter in Vachirabenjatas Park

Narinrat Wonganan and Nattarin Wongthamwanich *
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]

Vachirabenjatas Park is part of the biggest green area surrounded by buildings in
Bangkok. There are various plants and animals in this habitat, especially during
the winter, including birds. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare
sampling method efficiency for bird diversity data. Birds data were recorded by
line transect and point count methods during winter from November 2019 to
February 2020 at Vachirabenjatas Park. Both methods were designed based on
equal total area sampling. The results showed that species richness of bird using
the line transect method (37 species) was more than that of the point count method
(33 species). The Shannon index of bird diversity from the line transect method
(2.81) was more than that of the point count (2.62). However, the density of birds
from the line transect method (373 ind/ha) was less than that of the point count
method (2158 ind/ha). The total number of birds from Vachirabenjatas Park was
37 species in 9 orders, 23 species of which were classified as very common by
their abundance. In addition, there were 7 common species, 4 uncommon species,
and 3 rare species. From the results, there is an abundance of very common birds
here. Therefore, bird watching should be promoted for human recreational
activity. Moreover, future studies should be done to monitor birds throughout the
year.
Keywords: Ecology, Line transects, Point count, Vachirabenjatas Park, Bangkok

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Precise identification of rumen flukes (Trematoda:
Paramphistomoidea) in cattle using morphological metric and
phylogenetic analyses

Marayad Jamsiang, Pornwipa Srimontok and Thapana Chontananarth *
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]

Amphistomosis in several ruminants is caused by the infection of rumen fluke
in the Superfamily Paramphistomoidea. Identification and classification of this
trematode group is very difficult because there are several complex and very
similarly morphological characters. Therefore, this research aims to identify
rumen fluke species by morphological, histological and molecular studies
including classification by morphological metric and phylogenetic analyses.
Adult fluke specimens were collected from five rumens of sacrificed cattle (Bos
taurus) in a slaughterhouse in Pathumthani province. Then, the specimens were
separately kept in four solutions including phosphate buffered saline (PBS),
formalin, Bouin's solution and absolute ethanol for parasite egg specimen
collection, permanent slides processing, tissues sectioning and DNA extraction,
respectively. Next, adult specimens were identified by morphological and
histological characters comparison according to taxonomic keys and were
classified by morphological metric analysis. Internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2)
sequence data of adult and egg specimens were aligned with published
sequences in GenBank database and the evolutionary relationship with Maximum
Likelihood (ML) and Neighbor Joining (NJ) algorithms were analyzed. There
are five species of identified rumen fluke, including Paramphistomum epiclitum,
Orthocoelium dawesi, O. steptocoelium, Fischoederius elongatus and Gastrothylax
crumenifer. Classification results from morphological metric analysis, the measured
body size and width of acetabulum characters correlated with classification
results from phylogenetic analysis. Therefore, the validated identification and
classification of rumen fluke are useful addition to taxonomic databases which
can be applied for effective rumen fluke prevention and outbreak controlling.

Keywords: Paramphistomoidea, Phylogenetic analysis, ITS2

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Genus diversity of phytoplankton at Tha Chalom harbor, Wat
Chong Lom and Wat Bang Ya Phraek port, Samut Sakhon

Tawan Noipara and Wisrutta Atthakor *
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakarinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]

Riverside Tha Chin River in Tha Chalom district, Samut Sakhon province built a
port to facilitate commuters and tourists, leading to resulted in water being
discharged into the river from houses, boats, and fisheries, which could affect
plankton communities. Thus, the objective of this project was to study the genus
diversity of phytoplankton. The study was carried out by collecting samples from
3 stations including Tha Chalom harbor, Wat Chong Lom and Wat Bang Ya
Phraek port. Collecting periods were divided into morning (11.00 AM – 03.00
PM) and evening (06.00 PM – 10.00 PM) for every station. Samples were
collected from August to October 2019. A total of 44 genera of phytoplankton
were found from this study. The dominant genera were as follows: Oscillatoria
in August (6,823 cells/mL), October (7,357 cells/mL) and November (6,977
cells/mL). However, although not dominant, numbers of dinoflagellates greatly
increased in October, with Caratium (1351 cells/mL) found only in this month
and Protoperidinium (838 cells/mL) at a much higher number than in other
mouths. The maximum Shanon-Wiener diversity index value was 2.12 at the
surface at Tha Chalom harbor in the morning period in October, and the minimum
value was 0.73 at a depth of 2 meters at Tha Chalom harbor in the evening period
in October. On the whole, mornings (26,159 cells/mL) had an average diversity
more than evenings (15,428 cells/mL).

Keywords: Phytoplankton, Tha Chin River, Samut Sakhon

- 100 -

The effectiveness of plant growth regulators on physiological
changes of teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) under drought stress

Kusuma Aonwon, Ketsuda Motthet and Sukhumaporn Saeng-ngam *
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]

A severe drought in Thailand is a major problem affecting agricultural land leads
to a decrease in photosynthesis and plant growth. Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) is an
important cash crop in Thailand. The Customs Department reported the main
source of income for Thailand in 2016 was wood products with a year of 29 million
baht. The objective of this study, therefore, was to investigate the effect of 7,8-
dihydro-8α-20-hydroxyecdysone (DHECD) on some types of physiological
responses in teak under drought stress. The present study is divided into two parts
in a completely randomized design with three replications for 90 days. There were
five treatments consisted of: (1) stressed control plants without DHECD sprayed,
and (2-5) stressed plant with 0.1, 1.0, 10 and 100 μM DHECD sprayed. In the first
experiment, an optimal DHECD concentration for plant growth was determined in
the presence of drought. Plant samples were collected every 5 days for the
determination of photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm), performance index (PI), and
leaf green index (SPAD value). Only the levels of 10 µM of DHECD were chosen
for the second experiment, which consisted of unstressed control plants and
stressed control plants without DHECD sprayed, and stressed plants sprayed with
DHECD. All plants sample were collected every 5 days and photosynthetic
efficiency, performance index, pigments content and RWC were also analyzed. In
response to drought stress, the levels of photosynthetic efficiency, performance
index, pigments content and RWC were increased by DHECD. The results
revealed that, thus, DHECD applications have the potential to enhance drought
tolerance in T. grandis with the combination of drought.

Keywords: Brassinosteroid mimic, Teak, Drought, Growth, Pigment

- 101 -

Inhibitory effect of Leucaena leucocepphala leaves–water extracts on
plant growth

Nattawadee Theppitak, Sawannarat Sinchai, Sirilak Boonmark and Somkiat Phornphisutthimas *
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110
* Project Adviser Email: [email protected]

This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of Leucaena leucocepphala
leaves–water extracts on seed germination and plant growth. Fresh and dried
leave-water extracts at various concentrations were tested. Both extracts at high
concentration ratios (1:5 and 1:10 g/mL, leaf:water) could inhibit germination
and subsequent seedling growth. Dry leaf extracts gave higher inhibition than the
fresh ones. Germination of rain lily (Zephyranthe sminuta) tubers soaked in the
dry leaf–water extracts at various ratios for 24 hours before planting in soil
unaffected by extracts. However, the subsequent growth of plants were moderately
inhibited. Length of the longest leaf of plants treated with the extracts at 1:10 and
1:20 ratios were decreased in a half compared to controls during the first week of
planting, but the levels of inhibition decreased with a longer period of study.
When the extracts mixed with the various ratios of nutrient solution and
continuously applied to rain lily tubers grown in sand, the average leaf length of
plants treated with 1:50 leaf extract were decreased by 15% compared to control.
The lower concentration extracts (1:100 and 1:200) of plant had no effect on leaf
length or appeared on the leaf growth. Inhibition of the average leaf length was
reduced at 2-3 months after planting. Higher concentration of the leaves–water
extracts of Leucaena leucocepphala inhibited germination of seeds tested and
subsequent seedling growth whereas lower concentration could enhance plant
growth and germination.

Keywords: Leucaena leucocepphala, Leaves–water extract, Inhibitory effect,
Germination, Plant growth

- 102 -

Development of monoclonal antibody specific to Flavobacterium
columnare for detection of infection freshwater fish

Kunruthai Singkaew, Pornyanee Kamkaew and Siwaporn longyant *
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]

This research aimed to produced monoclonal antibodies specific to
Flavobacterium columnare for using as a tool for detection of the bacteria by
various immunological techniques. The method consists of 3 steps: first step,
preparation of antigen, outer membrane protein of F. columnare was extracted
and uses as an antigen for immunization. Second steps, the immune response
(serum) of each mouse was tested by Western blotting. Third steps, the best
responded mouse was used as spleen donor for producing hybridomas by fusion
with myeloma cells. The hybridoma cells that produced antibodies specific to F.
columnare were tested by dot blotting and Western blotting and recloned. These
monoclonal antibodies were expected to be useful as an immunological tool for
detection of F. columnare infection in fish.
Keywords: Flavobacterium columnare, Monoclonal antibody, Hybridoma

- 103 -

Molecular isolation and characterization of gamma-interferon-
inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene from
Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Piyawan Meechokedee, Suphaluk Mainita and Parin Chaivisuthangkura *
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]

Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) gene in vertebrate
is well known as an enzyme involved in the immune response to bacterial and
viral infection. Many studies in various organisms considered that GILT
functions in MHC class II restricted antigen processing. However, understanding
of invertebrate GILT is very limited. In this study, a partial sequence of
Macrobrachium rosenbergii GILT (MrGILT) was used to design primers for full-
length cDNA isolation by the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The
obtained PCR products were cloned into pCR®-Blunt II TOPO® vector and
sequenced. The BLASTX algorithm was used to search for protein sequence
similarity. However, the obtained sequence did not show any similarity to GILT
protein. A multiple alignment of the MrGILT was performed by ClustalW, and a
phylogenetic tree was constructed by the neighbor-joining method using
MEGAX software. The result revealed that MrGILT was placed in the same clade
with PvGILT of Panaeus vannamei. The expression distribution at transcriptional
level in various tissues of prawn including gill, heart, hepatopancreas, hemocyte,
muscle, stomach and intestine was investigated by real-time PCR. The expression
level of GILT gene was normalized to the β-actin, a housekeeping gene in prawn
widely used for gene expression analysis. The result suggested that GILT mRNA
was detected in intestine and hepatopancreas. Further attempt to isolate the full-
length cDNA of MrGILT should be performed.

Keywords: Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT),
Giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Gene expression

- 104 -

Genus diversity of water beetles in Nakhon Nayok province

Montira Ubonyam and Wisrutta Atthakor *
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]

Water beetles have an important role in aquatic ecosystems. Some are important
predators of small aquatic animals and are also a food for many fishes. For this
reason, water beetles can indicate water quality. Nakhon Nayok is a province near
Bangkok that has many natural areas and is rich in freshwater habitats. Today,
research on water beetle diversity in Nakhon Nayok is quite low. Consequently,
the objective of this project was to study the genus diversity of water beetles in
Nakhon Nayok province. Water beetle samples were collected from four districts:
Mueang, Ban Na, Ongkharak and Pak Phli from July to October 2019. Fifteen
genera of water beetles were found during this study. Canthydrus (Noteridae) had
the highest number (347), followed by Hydrovatus (Dytiscidae; 91). The highest
value of the Shannon-Wiener diversity index was 1.99 in Ongkharak district and
the lowest value of the diversity index was 0.90 in Pak Phli district. Pak Phli and
Mueang district had a 66.67 similarity percentage, which was the highest. Pak
Phli and Ban Na district had a 46.15 similarity percentage, which was the lowest.
Keywords: Diversity, Nahkhon Nayok, Water beetle

- 105 -

Molecular cloning and characterization of partial down-
syndrome cell adhesion molecule (DSCAM) gene from
Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Natchaya Buakhao, Pawanrat Taratankunwattana and Parin Chaivisuthangkura *
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]

Giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) is an aquatic animal,
important for the aquaculture industry in Thailand. One of the problems for giant
freshwater prawn culture is the infection by a virus called Macrobrachium
rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV). However, the understanding of shrimp immunity
against this virus is not well established. DSCAM (Down-syndrome cell adhesion
molecule) protein involved in the opsonization of invading pathogens has been
found in insect hemolymph. We expected that DSCAM might also play a major
role in giant freshwater prawn immune system. In this study, the partial
complementary DNA (cDNA) sequence of M. rosenbergii DSCAM (MrDSCAM),
a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF) was isolated by using rapid
amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique. The nucleotide sequence including
stop codon at 2,877 base pairs encoding 958 amino acids was obtained. The
MrDSCAM showed 91% identities with that of Scylla paramamosain, 90%
identities with that of Penaeus monodon, 87% identities with that of P. vannamei,
86% identities with that of P. chinensis and DSCAM2 of P. vannamei. Phylogentic
tree analysis revealed that MrDSCAM was in the different clade of DSCAM from
other shrimp species including Penaeus monodon, P. vannamei and P. chinensis.
In the future, the full-length sequence of MrDSCAM should be further elucidated.

Keywords: DSCAM, Gene expression, Macrobrachium rosenbergii

- 106 -

Characterization of intestinal trematode infections in ducks (Anas
platyrhynchos) in Suphan Buri, Thailand based on morphological
and molecular analyses

Kwanta Suphankong, Kamonwan Nunkhuntod and Thapana Chontananarth *
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]

Duck (Anas platyrhynchos) is a popular economic poultry in Thailand. Trematode
infection is one of the problems in poultry. It could cause the loss of meat and
egg production. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence, intensity,
and phylogenetic analyses of parasite specimens from ducks in Suphan Buri
province. Adult flukes were collected and identified based on their morphological
and molecular characteristics. A total of 98 trematodes were classified belonging
to Echinostomatidae and Prosthogonimidae species that were found in the intestine.
Two Echinostomatidae species were found, comprising Echinostoma miyagawai
and Hypoderaeum conoideum, whereas only one species of Prosthogonimidae
species was found: Prostogonimus cuneatus. The prevalence of E. miyagawai, H.
conoideum, and P. cuneatus were 46%, 32%, and 6% respectively. The mean
intensity of P. cuneatus, H. conoideum, and E. miyagawai were 2.04, 2.25, and
5.00 respectively. Regarding the phylogenetics analysis, using maximum likelihood
(ML) and neighbor-joining (NJ) methods. Both ITS2 and nad1 sequence data
indicate that the trematode species correspond with E. miyagawai, H. conoideum,
and P. cuneatus from the GenBank database. These phylogenetics results support
morphological identification. E. revolutum is commonly found in poultry but in
this study, E. miyagawai was found. This study could be further used in
epidemiological investigation especially in rural areas.

Keyword: Epidemiology, Phylogenetic relationship, ITS2, nad1, Suphan Buri

- 107 -

Diversity of giant pill-millipedes in the lower part of Northeastern
Thailand

Kamol Klamsaeng, Thanawan Tejangkura and Nattarin Wongthamwanich *
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]

Thailand has a high biodiversity, but many organisms have not been studied. At
present, two giant pill-millipedes have been reported from the north and the
east. There has been no information of the millipede reported from the
northeast. This project aimed to study the diversity of giant pill-millipedes in
the lower part of Northeastern Thailand. The dominant habitat type in this
region is deciduous forest, which represents an arid climate. The specimens were
collected from Nakhon Ratchasima, Buriram, Surin, Sisaket and Ubon Ratchathani
in December 2018 and August 2019. Their morphologies were observed from
scanning electron microscope and light microscope. The molecular data from
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) were used to support morphological data.
The results of morphology and molecular study showed that giant pill-millipedes
in each locality were unique and different from previous described species, but
all were grouped in genus Zephronia. Therefore, the millipedes here were
proposed as new giant pill-millipede species of Zephronia. Further studies
should be carried out and behaviors of giant pill-millipedes in each location
observed in the future.
Keywords: Telopod, Diplopoda, Sphaerotheriida, Zephroniidae, Zephronia

- 108 -

Study and construct experimental package design of infrared
radiation from objects

Pachara Boonjarern, Pakhakan Inna and Pongkaew Udomsamuthirun *
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]

The purposes of this research are to construct experiment package design and
study about shielding of infrared radiation from objects. In experimental package
design, researchers measured the distribution of heat on infrared heater which had
good and consistent distribution. After that, researchers used thermal imaging
camera ‘Fluke Ti480 Pro’ in measurement the temperature on each surface of
objects. Objects in experimental included 6 cottons from Loie, 80gsm white paper
with 1-5 layers, crate paper with 3.75 mm thick, black aluminum sheet, polished
aluminum sheet and clear acrylic sheet with 5 mm thick. Researchers measured
the temperature on each surface of objects for 0-12 minutes and divided into 5
periods. The results of the research were as follows: the most percentage of
surface temperature compared to an infrared heater is white paper with 1 layer.
Next, black aluminum sheet, 6 cottons from Loie and white paper with 2-5 layers.
respectively. Clear acrylic sheet and crate paper had the least percentage of
surface temperature compared to Infrared heater sheet, while polished aluminum
sheet can not measure surface temperature compared to Infrared heater sheet.
Keywords: Infrared radiation, Shielding of infrared radiation, Thermal imaging
camera

- 109 -

The study of physical and optical properties on titanium dioxide
nanotubes coating with gold nanoparticles

Jatupon Meelapa, Teeraphat Khamkaai and Jamaree Amonkosolpan *
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]

The aim of this project is synthesize titaniumdioxide nanotubes by anodization
process and coat with gold nanoparticles using cyclic voltammetry technique. The
morphology and the elemental analysis are examined by Field Emission Scanning
Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer
(EDS), respectively. The result showing that, there are gold nanoparticles on top
of the titanium dioxide nanotubes. We also find that sizes and amounts of gold
nanoparticles increase with time and voltages of the coating process At 450℃
annealing temperature, the anatase phase is revealed by X-ray Diffractrometer
(XRD). Furthermore, the XRD patterns present the gold nanoparticles peak. UV-
VIS Spectrophotometer is used to analyse the energy gap of the samples. The
results indicate the indirect band gap of the nanotubes. When increase the gold
nanoparticles, the energy gap are reduced compare with the uncoating. In
addition, the wettability study shows that the enlarged amount of gold
nanoparticles transform the samples to become more hydrophobic.
Keywords: Energy gap, Gold nanoparticle, Titanium dioxide nanotubes

- 110 -

Microfluidic model for Scattering of Fluid

Sriprai Chanhom, Khunarut Matnok and Surawut Wicharn *
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]

The purpose of this work is an investigation of light scattering in a simple
microfluidic system. The microfluidic cells were made by acrylic sheets and
micro- channels. Inside each microfluidic cell was grooved by laser- cutting
machine. The colloid samples such as Graviscon and milk were diluted with DI
water for obtaining colloid solutions with different various concentrations level
such as 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% then
injected into microfluidic cell by using syringe pump. To investigate optical
scattering, a red laser beam with wavelength 635 nm from laser diode was aligned
to perpendicularly incident on the side of microchannel. Consequently, the scattered
light from colloidal particles would be detected by phototransistor based optical
sensor, which set up in perpendicular position comparing with the light source
and displayed in voltage level via digital multimeter. The experimental results
showed that the output voltage Which is corresponding to the detected scattered
light was increasing with the increased level of the concentrations of colloidal
solution. But the output voltage would be saturated when the concentrations were
reach at 60% level of the concentrations.
Keywords: Microfluidic, Scattering, Light scattering, Colloidal particles

- 111 -

Sunlight photodegradation of methylene blue using titanium
dioxide nanoparticles as a catalyst

Kitimaporn Sawanegjit, Phenpimol Boonchu, Natkanok Saruamram and Areeya Aeimbhu *
Department of physics, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]

In this work, the photodegradation of methylene blue using titanium dioxide
nanoparticles as a photocatalyst under sunlight irradiation was studied. The
irradiation time ranged from 0 to 60 minutes. The results confirmed that the
methylene blue was successfully degraded after 1 hour of sunlight irradiation.
Keywords: Photodegradation, Titanium dioxide, Methylene blue

- 112 -

Synthesis of graphene from graphite by mechanical exfoliation
technique

Tawisa Patcharanun, Prapaporn Sangcharoen and Areeya Aeimbhu *
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]

The purpose of this study is to synthesis the graphene from the graphite powder
by mechanical exfoliation technique in an aqueous solution of ethylene glycol.
An ultrasonic bath sonication with frequency range 40 kHz and a power of 100
watts was used to exfoliation graphite powder at different exfoliation times. The
morphologies of the pristine exfoliation graphene were observed using Field
Emission Scanning Electron Microscope and Atomic Force Microscope. The
results showed that the extent of exfoliation for graphite powder could be
increased with increased ultrasonication time.
Keywords: Graphene, Graphite powder, Mechanical exfoliation

- 113 -

Wettability of titanium dioxide nanoparticle/carbon nanotubes
nanocomposites

Matchima Sukaphiboon, Apichayaporn Teandam, Amonlada Sukchai and Areeya Aeimbhu *
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]

The aim of this project is to study effect of the content of carbon nanotubes
(CNTs) on the morphologies and the wettability of carbon nanotubes/titanium
dioxide nanoparticles (CNTs/TNPs) nanocomposites. CNTs/TNPs nanocomposites
were prepared by colloidal blending method. Morphologies and wettability were
observed using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) and
Contact Angle analyser, respectively. FE-SEM images showed that the CNTs
was successfully and homogeneously mixed with TNPs. The hydrophobicity is
increased with increasing the content of CNTs in nanocomposites.
Keywords: Carbon nanotubes, Titanium dioxide, Nanocomposites, Wettability

- 114 -

The study of pile-up effect occurring in the observations of the
ultraluminous X-ray source M33 X-8

Kitti Rongpuit, Porramet Wongvilard and Wasutep Luangtip *
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are an extragalactic, non nuclear point-like
source with an X-ray luminosity in excess of the Eddingtion accretion limit for a
10 solar mass black hole. Due to their extreme brightness, sometime, the ULX’s
flux could lie above the capability of X- ray intruments, resulting in a pile up
effect. This research tests the presence of pile-up effect which might occur in the
data of the ULX M33 X- 8 observed by XMM- Newton telescope. The ULX
spectra that are used in this study are classified to be low and medium fluxes,
following the classification of Middleton et al. (2011). To examine the pile-up,
we vary the areas of the spectral extraction region and fit the obtained spectra
using two component model of BBODY and DISKPBB ( BBODY+ DISKPBB
model) . The result suggests that the pile- up effect does not affect the spectra of
the ULX M33 X-8.
Keywords: M33 X-8, Pile-up effect, Ultraluminous X-ray source

- 115 -

A comparison of infrared reflection and transmission of fabric
using digital camera

Taritthorn Rukkhathakul, Pituck Tammada, Pattarobon Rakchan and Suwan Plaipichit *
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]

The aim of this project is to study infrared (IR) transmission and reflection from
fabrics using IR photography technique. IR LEDs, which wavelength of 940 nm,
have been used as a light source to investigate these properties of various fabrics
(silk, cotton, rayon and polyester). Digital camera removed hot filter has been
used to record IR images of the fabrics. Then these IR images are compared with
IR transmission and reflection properties by analyzing RGB level. The results
show that rayon has the least IR intensity, while cotton has the most intensity.
These mean rayon is the excellent fabric to absorb IR compare with other type of
fabrics. Moreover, our modified digital camera, which is lower cost than other
commercial IR digital cameras, can be used to record IR image as well.
Keywords: RGB color, Infrared photography, Fabric

- 116 -

Design and implementation of a microcontroller based PM2.5
particle counter

Patthapon Nilkrom, Siriwan Phromyu and Surawut Wicharn *
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]

The purpose of this project is design and implementation a microcontroller based
PM2.5 particle counter. We used a laser scattering based particle sensor (PMS
7003) as particle detector that give electric signal corresponding with an amount
of detected PM2.5 particles to Arduino UNO microcontroller. The electric signal
would be processed with embedded software in microcontroller and then the
amount of PM2.5 particles would be shown on LCD display. After that, we used
our designed particle counter to measure the amount of PM2.5 particles in six
different areas such as Building 14: Thao – Daeng multipurpose building, the
opposite area of Satit-Srinakharinwirot University high school entrance gate,
Science park, Building 19: Faculty of Science Building, Building 33: Professor
Dr. Saroj Buasri SWU Inovation Bilding, and the main playing field of
Srinakharinwirot University. We compare results of the designed particles
counter with Xiaomi PM2.5 particles counter using percentage error calculation.
We found that our designed particle counter gave measured results closing to the
results from commercial device with percentage errors of 7.93%, 7.26%, 1.25%,
8.72%, 4.95%, and 10.86%, respectively. From, experimental results, our PM2.5
particle counter was rated as average reliability device comparing with
commercial device. Therefore, this particle counter may be suggested as a part of
the pollution monitoring digital sign in urban residence areas.
Keywords: Air particle, PM2.5 detecting, Optical scattering, Microcontroller

- 117 -

GZK cutoff

Worawong sillapanakhonrit and Patipan Uttayarat *
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project advisor Email: [email protected]

A 100 years ago, scientists have discovered a type of radiation, cosmic rays. They
are whizzing all around the Universe, and they occur at very different energies,
including the highest particle energies that exist. Cosmic rays are therefore very
interesting to study. There is a theory proposed by Kenneth Greisen, Georgiy
Zatsepin and Vadim Kuz’min (GZK) which predicts that cosmic rays will be
abruptly suppressed above a specific high energy scale. This project reproduces
the prediction of this theory by examining the kinematics of cosmic rays
scattering off the cosmic microwave background.
Keywords: Cosmic rays, Ultra high energy

- 118 -

A Study of Image Processing with Deep Learning using TensorFlow
and OpenCV

Phurinut Tirapojkul, Thiti Saeyee and Jarupat Disrattakit *
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]

The technologies facilitate a daily life and improve a job performance. Artificial
Intelligence (AI) is very popular technology that is influence on all careers, e.g.,
medical, finance industry, transportation, science, and games, etc. Deep learning
is one type of AI that is modeled on similar networks present in the human
brain. herefore, there is no doubt that artificial intelligence at present has become
very important to life. Facilitates and speeds up work to be more accurate and
more efficient. In addition to artificial intelligence, there are two more words
that are heard on a regular basis.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Machine learning , Deep learning

- 119 -

The application of thin film force sensors and Arduino board for
monitoring the human walking

Piyaporn Puekchan, Wasupol Kuhood and Puenisara Limnonthakul *
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]

This paper presents a technological of thin film force sensors combine with the
Arduino board for monitoring the human walking. The six force sensors were
separated into 2 set, each set consisted of three sensors. The first set was installed
under the left foot pad and the second set was installed under the right foot pad.
The Arduino board (UNO3) was applied to receive the electrical signal from the
sensors. We collected theses data into excel file for analyzing the human walking.
The various surfaces of the floor were applied to investigate and monitoring the
human walking. We found that when the human stand on the smooth surface, two
feet were contacted on the floor, the force sensors on both feet could read in
maximum values. Until the human start walking, the right foot was lift up, the
force sensors on the right foot indicate the minimum value. While the left foot
contact on the floor, the sensors on the left foot are maximum value. The results
show that the analog signals from the force sensors sensitive with the human
walking step in real time. Moreover, if we change the surface of the floor, the
human walk on the rough surface, the analog signals were detected. But the
analog signals were not constant. Because of the pressure on the force sensors
was not constant, it depends on the surface roughness of the floor. Therefore, we
confirmed that this technology could apply for monitoring the human walking in
real time.

Keywords: Thin film, Force sensor, Arduino, Human walking

- 120 -

Variation of temperature in solar dryer with solar energy
reflection system

Paweena Somwaja, Mattarika Kinburan and Songsak Phonghirun *
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]

This project presents the design and construction of solar dryer with solar energy
reflection system. To study the relationship between the temperature from the
reflected light and the time from the sun's motion and the maximum temperature
change in the solar dryer with solar energy reflection system. The result show
that the temperature in front of solar dryer ( T1) is high in the morning at 9: 30
AM and in the afternoon at 3.30 PM. The maximum temperature can be measured
at 80°C – 89°C. In the middle of solar dryer ( T2) Will have the highest
temperature during noon at approximately 12. 00 PM with a maximum
temperature of 93°C. backside of solar dryer ( T3) , an average temperature of
65°C – 69°C and an average outside temperature of 33. 88°C. The experimental
results show that the use of flat mirrors to help reflect sunlight. It can help increase
the temperature inside the solar dryer with solar energy reflection system. The
temperature rises at each point of the drying cabinet Is related to the time from
the sun's motion.
Keyword : Solar energy , Solar dryer

- 121 -

Study result of solution ethanol on sealing PMMA

Surasuk Siriarcharungroj, Thitipong Ruenthong, Tadthep Wanwaleepoj and Chokchai Puttharugsa *
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Srinakarinwirot University
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]

This project aims to study the splice plates Poly ( methyl methacrylate) together
with the ethanol solution for making the microfluidic system. In the experiment,
concentration of ethanol solution at different concentration is dropped on the Poly
( methyl methacrylate) surface and then dovetail tightly. The Poly ( methyl
methacrylate) is then incubated at different temperature. The results show that
the 9 0 % v/ v of ethanol concentration is the good condition to dovetail the Poly
( methyl methacrylate) at a temperature of 7 7 Celsius for 1 5 min. the optical
property for all condition are similar. The Poly ( methyl methacrylate) will be
further used for making the microfluidic system.
Keyword: Poly (methyl methacrylate), Ethanol

- 122 -

Development of Big Flat Noodles Products from Sangyod Rice Flour

Nutsba Chaikaew, Piyachat Khongnoenklum, Siriporn Dokmaikhao and Weena Thongrod *
Department of Home Economics, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]

The objective of this study is the standard formula has making big flat noodles
method by replacing with Sangyod rice flour in ratio 0%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%,
90%, and 100%. Test consumer acceptance and study the nutritional value of big
flat noodles made from Sangyod rice flour. Data were analyzed using One-way
ANOVA statistics. It was found that 25% of Sangyod rice flour is the most
acceptable and similar to standard rice noodles. Then, analyzer the evaluation of
sensory acceptance using the 7-Point Hedonic Scale Test and testing the big flat
noodles with the texture analyzer. Found that appearance, texture, color, smell,
taste and overall liking are rated as 5.53, 4.87, 5.80, 5.30, 5.47 and 5.03
respectively. When comparing the Sangyod rice substitution formula with the
standard formula. The substitution formula for Sangyod rice at 25% was non-
significant different at p> 0.05 in all aspects. The addition of Sangyod rice flour
containing 4.15-4.55 grams of fiber per 100 grams in big flat noodles is an added
nutritional value and is another option for health lovers.
Keyword: Sangyod rice, Sangyod rice flour, Big flat noodles, Rice flour

- 123 -

Hom dyeing on cotton by Eco-friendly methods

Rawiwan Khwanming and Sirinun Kaenthong *
Department of Home Economics, Faculty of Science, Srinakarinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]

Due to the convenience and efficiency of dyeing, sodium dithionite (Na2S2O4) and
sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is commonly used as a reducing agent and pH modifier,
respectively, in indigo dyeing system. The objective of this research was to study
the dyeing of cotton fabric with an indigo dye produced from Hom leaves and using
waste from food production in the dyeing system, including banana peel and
pineapple peel, and ashes, as reducing agents and pH modifier, instead of using
sodium dithionite and sodium hydroxide respectively. After dyeing, the dyed
fabrics were measured for color values, consisting of color strength (K/S), color
shades (L* a* b*) and colorfastness to washing and artificial sunlight.The results
showed that the waste from food production could be used in the indigo dyeing
system. The fabrics increased the color intensity according to the number of
repeated dyeing. Dark colored fabrics were less durable to washing than light
colored fabrics. This research can be further developed an eco-friendly dyeing
system for indigo dyeing.
Keywords: Hom, Indigo Dyeing, Eco-friendly Dyeing

- 124 -

Development of the hygienic face mask pattern for preventing the
fine particulate matter

Kanchana Suwanasri, Warangkana Hengpum and Phannaphat Phromphen *
Department of Home Economics, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Adivisor Email: [email protected]

Recently, the air quality index (AQI) showed the high value in many provinces in
Thailand. This situation may cause the health problem issue; therefore, people need
to wear masks in order to prevent them from the small dust. However, the available
masks were deficient for protection against PM2.5 and the suitable mask is
expensive. So this research aims to 1) study the consumer behavior of the usage of
masks and the requirement of the masks, 2) design the suitable pattern and produce
the masks with the required material, and 3) survey the consumer satisfaction of
the developed masks. It was found among 100 participants (18-25), the most
common problems when wearing the masks were the uncomfortable feeling and
the style of the mask did not fit to their face. After that, the style and pattern of the
mask were adjusted to fit to the face. The air permeability and the particulate
filtration efficiency of developed mask were also investigated by ASTM D737-96
and the in-house method, respectively. It was found that the air permeability of the
developed mask and the N95 face mask were comparable. However, the particulate
filtration efficiency of the developed mask was around 20% lower than the N95
face mask. Lastly, the consumer satisfaction of the developed masks were
investigated among 20 young adults. The result showed that the participants were
satisfied with the developed masks.
Keywords: Face mask, PM 2.5, Particle matter

- 125 -

The development of milk toffee product with flaxseed fiber

Juthatip Aneeprakhone, Piyanuch Janthon, Palika Vanich-chang, and Weena Thongrod *
Department of Home Economics, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]

The development of milk toffee product with flaxseed fiber aims to study:
1) a standard formula of toffee, 2) the effect of inulin-erythritol ratio on toffee
product and 3) the effect of flaxseed on nutritional value and consumer
acceptance of milk toffee product. The production of standard toffee consists of
61.2% milk, 20.4% glucose syrup and 18.4% sugar. Subsequently, a study by the
prescribed ratio of inulin to erythritol at three levels were 45:45, 30:60 and 60:30
of sugar and the supplement 20% of raw and roasted flaxseed affect increased
nutritional value. The consequence of 7-point hedonic scale tests showed the
highest of consumer acceptance of milk toffee product used inulin to erythritol
ratio at 30:60. The consumer acceptance of milk toffee product with raw and
roasted flaxseed were non-significant different (p≤0.05). The nutritional value of
milk toffee with flaxseed product for 1 serving (5 g) was 4.50 kcal energy,
0.60 g carbohydrate, 0.18 g protein, 0.24 g fat, 0.40 g dietary fiber, 1.62 g sodium,
4.98 mg calcium and 5.46 mg phosphorus.
Keywords: Flaxseed, Milk, Toffee

- 126 -

Development of noodle product in protein-free rice and flour group

Aunnaporn Chaidech, Kittitat Naithong, Rawiwan Soitongjaroen and Rossaporn Jiamjariyatam *
Department of Home Economics, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]

The objective of this research is to study the standard formula and to investigate
the effect of using starch to substitute flour on the noodle quality. The 5 ratio of
flour per starch at 100 : 0, 75 : 25, 50 : 50, 25 : 75 and 0 : 100 was varied. For
the acceptance by using 7 point hedonic scales, the most accepted products were
the noodle used in the ratio of flour per starch at 25 : 75 and the Vietnamese
noodle with the ratio of flour per starch at 25 : 75 and 0 : 100. Increasing the
amount of starch provided the sensory preference score on the softness
significantly increase. For the physical properties, the hardness of noodle
decreased with increasing the starch replacement. Conversely, the hardness of
Vietnamese noodle increased with increasing the starch replacement. The
protein content of the noodle and Vietnamese noodle at the ratio of flour per
starch at 25 : 75 and 0 : 100 contained the protein content less than 1%.
Keywords: Starch, Noodle, Protein-free

- 127 -

Development of Big Flat Noodles Products from Sangyod Rice Flour

Nutsba Chaikaew, Piyachat Khongnoenklum, Siriporn Dokmaikhao and Weena Thongrod *
Department of Home Economics, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]

The objective of this study is the standard formula has making big flat noodles
method by replacing with Sangyod rice flour in ratio 0%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%,
90%, and 100%. Test consumer acceptance and study the nutritional value of big
flat noodles made from Sangyod rice flour. Data were analyzed using One-way
ANOVA statistics. It was found that 25% of Sangyod rice flour is the most
acceptable and similar to standard rice noodles. Then, analyzer the evaluation of
sensory acceptance using the 7-Point Hedonic Scale Test and testing the big flat
noodles with the texture analyzer. Found that appearance, texture, color, smell,
taste and overall liking are rated as 5.53, 4.87, 5.80, 5.30, 5.47 and 5.03
respectively. When comparing the Sangyod rice substitution formula with the
standard formula. The substitution formula for Sangyod rice at 25% was non-
significant different at p> 0.05 in all aspects. The addition of Sangyod rice flour
containing 4.15-4.55 grams of fiber per 100 grams in big flat noodles is an added
nutritional value and is another option for health lovers.
Keyword: Sangyod rice, Sangyod rice flour, Big flat noodles, Rice flour

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Development of the yogurt with Tom-Yum flavor

Kornkanok Khiaosanuan, Rattanaporn Jumpathed, Supansa Jantama and Rossaporn Jiamjariyatam *
Department of Home Economics, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]

The objective of this research was to develop yogurt with Tom Yum flavor. The
experiment was carried by 3x3 factorial design. The amount of chilli at 3 levels
was 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% of soup and the amount of fish sauce at 3 levels was
0.5%, 0.8% and 1% of soup. For the sensory evaluation, the consumers accepted
the yogurt by using chilli equal to 0.2% and the fish sauce content not more than
0.8% of soup. The appearance, color, aroma, flavor, taste, texture and overall
liking is at a dormant level. The yogurt received the highest acceptance score is
using 0.5% fish sauce and 0.2% chilli.
Keywords: Tom-Yum, Yogurt

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Development of Boba topping by addition durian rind

Karntira Fuangim, Kornkanok Rerkchaimongkol, Pavarin Saktanakool and Weena Thongrod *
Department of Home Economics, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]

This research aims to develop boba topping by adding durian rinds powder.
This present was to increase nutrition for boba topping and study the accepted
form consumer to boba topping by adding durian rind powder. The ratio of
tapioca starch to durian rinds use in the present work were 100:0, 90:10, 80:20
and 70:30. The resulting test by 7-point hedonic scale. The preference score of
appearance, teat, flavor, texture and overall when analysis with One-Way
ANOVA in different ratio was significantly different (p≤0.05). The maximum
preference was found in the boba topping made form tapioca starch and durian
rind powder of 90:10. Increase durian rind powder decrease in liking score
significantly (p≤0.05). The results indicated that in durian rind powder had 51.8
percent fiber 78.7 percent carbohydrate 5.54 percent protein 1.51 percent fat and
total energy 350.55 kilocalories per 100 grams when compared the standard boba
topping and the boba topping with durian rind powder found that increase
nutritional value on dietary fiber
Keyword: Boba topping, Durian rind, Fiber

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Development of Chinese Pasta Soup Noodle Products from
Riceberry Flour

Apinya treesukontip, Hathaiphat Marac, Jarinthip Thitayanun and Weena Thongrod *
Department of Home Economics, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]

The objective of this research are to 1) the study standards formula of Chinese
Pasta Soup Noodle, 2) the acceptance of substitutes is that consumers Chinese
Pasta Soup Noodle of Rice Flour, 3) to increase the nutritive value of Chinese
Pasta Soup Noodle. The percentages of Riceberry Flour used in the Chinese Pasta
Soup Noodle were 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%. The replace rice flour with 50%
Riceberry Flour is the most acceptable formula. The overall preference score of
5.33 ± 0.71 is between a slight preference and a moderate preference. The sensory
test used the 7 - point hedonic scale by 30 examiners. The data were analyzed by
using One-way ANOVA were the significant difference at the 0.05 (p ≤ 0.05)
level. Substituting rice flour with Riceberry Flour at a level of 50% the nutritional
value of 1 serving (60 gram) energy has 288 kilocalories, 62 grams of carbohydrates,
0.1 grams of sugar, and 2 milligrams of anthocyanin, which is an antioxidant.
Keywords: Riceberry, Chinese Pasta Soup Noodle

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Apparel design and development from “Tai Lue” fabrics for
alternative gender (LGBT)

Putanat Kumpuang, Samita Tonglert and Charttirot Karaveg *
Department of Home Economics, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]

Tai Lue woven fabric is a pattern that represents life, nature, and love which
alternative gender (LGBT) is a diverse group of expressions of love. The
researcher, therefore, desires to study the satisfaction of the target group to use
Tai Lue fabric to design clothes. There were three main objectives of this
research: (1) to study the apparel consumption behaviour of LGBT (2) to design
and develop clothing for LGBT from Tai Lue cloth of Hmong wisdom, Nan
province, and (3) to study levels of satisfaction with the design and development
of unisex clothing from Tai Lue woven fabric. The multi-stage random sampling
technique was employed. The sample was 120 LGBT consist of 30 lesbians, gays,
bisexuals and transgenders in each group through an online questionnaire. The
collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. The results can be divided
into three parts as follows: 1) The majority of respondents satisfied with the pants
and the jacket in black, grey and white decorating with red and white Tai Lue
patterns. 2) The collection was developed by using the endogenous fashion and
the spring-summer 2021 trends. The eight from the twelve designs were selected
by three senior designers of public sector 1 person and private sector 2 people
which have at least 5 years of design experience 3) the level of satisfaction with
the eight design was the highest (X̅ = 4.80 , S.D. = 0.13), which indicated that it
is suitable for further prototype development.
Keywords: Apparel, Design, LGBT, Tai Lue

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The design of female apparel from Benjarong tracery Chakri concept

Nakorn Techa, Wanwisa Koonlawong, Charttirot Karaveg and Walaikorn Nitayaphat *
Department of Home Economics, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]

The objectives of this study were to explore and design the female apparel from
Benjarong tracery Chakri concept and evaluate consumer satisfaction towards the
design of female apparel. The findings revealed that according to the authorities
in this field, average of the most fourth selected by the experts: designs number
6, 1, 9 and 8 respectively. According to the consumerers, the design of female
apparel from Benjarong tacery Chakri concept with Population and Samples are
100 women living in Bangkok in the age of 25-35 years cluster using Purposive
sampling. The design 3 was ranked high (X̅ = 4.09, S.D. = 0.78) in terms of
appropriateness.
Keywords: Benjarong, Design, Apparel

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Development of healthy fruit juice with konjac powder

Jitsupa Pimolnatketsara, Thanyaporn Bunpokwong, Paphitchaya Thammakoranont,
Yuwasita Yangmuang and Rossaporn Jiamjariyatam *
Department of Home Economics, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]

This research aimed to develop healthy fruit juice which consists of konjac
powder, strawberry and lychee. The sensory evaluation by 7-point hedonic scale
was conducted for appearance, color, smell, flavor, taste, viscosity and overall by
30 untrained panel. The fructo-oligosaccharide syrup content used in strawberry
juice at 5%, 10% and 15% and konjac powder in strawberry juice at 0%, 0.25%,
0.5%, 0.75% and 1% was varied. The konjac powder was used in lychee jelly at
1.5%, 2.5% and 4%. Shelf life of healthy fruit juice at 7˚c was 7 day. The highest
acceptance score from consumer was the juice made from 10% fructo-
oligosaccharide syrup, 0.25% konjac powder of strawberry juice and 4% konjac
powder of lychee jelly.
Keywords: Konjac, Strawberry, Lychee, Fructo-oligosaccharide

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Development of Dietary Supplement Vermicelli Products from
Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato Powder

Khanidtha Wariwong, Thitirat Phlayseang, Pimpisa Kaewwichiean and Weena Thongrod *
Department of Home Economics, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Adviser Email: [email protected]

The objective of this research are 1) the study the optimal ratio of orange fleshed
sweet potato powder partially replaced by mung bean starch in vermicelli
products 2) the consumer’s acceptance of the recipes. Three vermicelli ratios
were prepared varying the content of orange-fleshed sweet potato powder used:
10%, 20%, 30% and sensory evaluation using seven-point hedonic scales. The
results show that the optimal formulation of partial substitution of mung bean
starch by orange fleshed sweet potato powder in vermicelli products presented
higher nutritional value content at 10% vermicelli sample. It showed the highest
overall liking scores (5.27±0.58). The elasticity of the Vermicelli Product was
measured using TA-Prime texture analyzer. It showed the 10% vermicelli sample
is fewer elasticity than the standard recipe. The nutrition value of the accepted
recipe was calculated by INMUCAL-Nutrients 4.0. The amount of dietary fiber
and vitamin A increased compare to the standard recipe. Conversely, Fat and
energy were decreased.
Keywords: Dietary fiber, Orange fleshed sweet potato, Vermicelli

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Development of Supplemented Protein Cracker from Cricket
Powder

Ploy Charoenphuang, Nuengruethai Sanitchan, Araya Swangsri and Weena Thongrod *
Department of Home Economics, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110
* Project Advisor Email: [email protected]

The objective of this research is to 1) to study the standard crackers formula 2)
to survey the amount of cricket powder used instead in wheat flour in crackers
3) to study an acceptable to consumers and to study the nutritional value of
crackers from crickets powder. By studying the ratio of wheat flour to cricket
powder at 5 levels which are 90:10 7 0 :3 0 5 0 :5 0 3 0 :7 0 0 :1 0 0 based on the
standard formula. Statistical analysis was carried out in One-Way ANOVA and
Duncan’s new multiple range test. The sensory characteristics seven-point
hedonic scale was employed for the acceptance test. The analysis revealed that
the scores on the characteristics, appearance, smell, flavor, crispness, taste and
overall preferences of the 5 samples were significantly different. (p < 0.05 ) In
which the experimenter rated the preferences on crackers using the ratio
between wheat flour and cricket powder at 90:10 are highest. Which, when the
amount of cricket powder increased, resulting in preference scores are
decreased. Including physical tests, the intensity of the hardness and the
brittleness that decreased significantly (p < 0 .0 5 ) when tested using a Texture
Analyzer.
Keywords: Crackers, Crickets’ powder

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